The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient 2016-2017 , 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 1 Allied - 01&02: Credit 3 Semester 1 AB1A01AY1N and AB1A02AY1N/AAH1102A01 and Hours 45 AAH1103A02 Ancient Indian History Culture and Archaeology – I

Objectives The main objective of this course is to introduce students to archaeology and the methods used by archaeologists. This will be followed by the chronological sequence of the early cultures of India – starting from the beginning of production of stone artifacts till 2700 years ago. Students will also examine the origin and development of domestic and religious architecture and development of various religions in the Indian subcontinent

COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I Introduction to Archaeology 12 hrs Definition, history, archaeological remains, archaeological methods, relationship of archaeology with other disciplines; Main geographical of features of India and its influence on its culture UNIT-II Sources of India Culture and chronology and arrangements of events 5 hrs Archaeological and Literary sources of Indian History and culture Chronological sequence of cultures of India

UNIT-III Introduction to Prehistoric cultures of India 14 hrs Lower , , , Cultures of India

UNIT-IV and cultural developments 14 hrs North and North Eastern and Southern Neolithic Cultures of India Indus Valley Civilization, Origin and Development of Harappa Culture

Activities Museum visits, handling of Artefacts, registration and documentation of artefacts,Presentation and discussion REFERENCES 1 Allchin, B. and F. R. Allchin. 1982. The Rise of Civilization in India and . 2 Chard, S Chester 1969: Man in 3 Hester, J. J. 1977: Introduction to Archaeology 4 Mujamdar, R. C. (ed.) 1988: History and Culture of Indian People, vols. I, II and III 5 Subbarao, B 1958: Personality of India The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 1 Allied - 03&04: Credit 3 Semester 2 AB2A03AY2N and AB2A04AY2N / AAH1202A03 and Hours 45 AAH1203A04Ancient Indian History Culture and Archaeology – II

Objectives The main objective of this course is to introduce students to archaeology and the methods used by archaeologists. This will be followed by the chronological sequence of the early cultures of India – starting from the beginning of production of stone artifacts till 2700 years ago. Students will also examine the origin and development of domestic and religious architecture and development of various religions in the Indian subcontinent COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I 6 hrs Chalcolithic Cultural beginning in Central and Peninsular India Banas, and Cultures

UNIT-II 6 hrs in India Painted Grey Ware, Northern Black Polished ware and Megalithic Cultures

UNIT-III 11 hrs The : Theories on the origin of Aryans and Vedic literature a. Political Institution of Indian State: Monarchic, Republican b. Social Institutions: Varnashram, Educational, position of women and Marriage system in India

UNIT-IV 9 hrs Religions of Ancient India a) b) c) UNIT-V 13 hrs Ancient Indian Architecture Languages and Literature a. Origin and Development of Stupa architecture b. Origin and Development of Temple architecture c. Ancient Indian Languages and Literature. REFERENCES 1 Allchin, B. and F. R. Allchin. 1982. The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan. 2 Basham, A. L 1985: The Wonder that was India 3 Kenoyer, J. M. 2006: Ancient Cities of the Indus valley Civilization 4 Krishna Deva 1995: Temples of India 5 Mujamdar, R. C. (ed.) 1988: History and Culture of Indian People, vols. I, II and III Thaper Romila 1980: A The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 2 Allied - 05&06: Credit 3 Semester 3 AB3A06AY0N / AAH1310A05/ AAH1315A05 and AAH1311A06 Hours 45 Indian Prehistory

Objectives The primary aim of this course is to provide a brief summary of the prehistoric cultural heritage of the country through a study of material remains that are found in the archaeological context. After introducing the primary features of material relics it provides details of the early stages cultural development in India through the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. Transformation from the Palaeolithic hunting-gathering way of life to the Neolithic food production in India is discussed in the course in detail. COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I 10 hrs Geographical background Mountain ranges, Rivers, Environment Archaeological sources Excavations, Explorations, Stone tools Pottery, Artifacts, Ecofacts Site typology UNIT-II 16 hrs Lower palaeolithic culture Definition, Time period, Distribution and important sites Tool typology, Associated artifacts and ecofacts Middle palaeolithic culture Definition, Time period, Distribution and important sites Tool typology, Associated artifacts and ecofacts Upper palaeolithic culture Definition, Time period, Distribution and important site Tool typology, Associated artifacts and ecofacts and art UNIT-III 7 hrs Mesolithic culture Definition, Time period, Distribution and important sites Tool typology, Associated artifacts and ecofacts, Rock art UNIT-IV 12 hrs Domestication of plants and animals Chronology and Distribution Tool typology and associated artifacts Activities Discussion/presentation/museum tour. REFERENCES 1 Agrawal, D.P. 1970. The Archaeology of India. . 2 Allchin, F.R. & B. Allchin. 1981. The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan. Rpt. Delhi. 3 Childe, V.G. The Neolithic Revolution. Chapter in V.G. Childe Man Makes Himself. 4 Dennell, Robin 2009 The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 5 Misra, V. N. Indian Prehistory, Ecological perspective, Man and Environment 6 Paddayya, K 207 The Palaeolithic cultures in Pearsall, D.M., (Ed) Enclyopedia of Archaeology, Academic Press, New York: 767-78. 7 Sali, S. India 8 Thapar,B. K.- Recent Archaeological Discoveries in India, UNESCO Publication, 1985 The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 2 Allied – 07 and 08 Credit 3 Semester 4 AB4A08AY0N / AAH1415A07 and AAH1417A08 Hours 45 Indian Proto-history and Early Historic Periods

Objectives The primary aim of this course is to provide a brief summary of the proto-historic and early historic cultural heritage of the country through a study of material remains that are found in the archaeological context. It provides details of the Harappan urbanism and other Chalcolithic cultural developments in India followed by the Megaliths and their cultural background in peninsular India. It also provides a brief summary of development of architecture and iconography in the Early Historic period

COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I Harappan culture 14 hrs Introduction, Time period, Site distributions Settlements (Town planning, public architecture etc) Artifacts: pottery, art and craft object, seals and sealing, stone/TC objects Subsistence and trade Decline of Harappan Culture UNIT-II 13 hrs Chalcolithic period Introduction: Banas, Malwa and Deccan Settlements and material culture Subsistence and Burial practices UNIT-III 8 hrs Megalithic culture Definition, Time period, Distribution, Typology and Associated artifacts UNIT-IV 10 hrs Iron Age in Northern India PGW and NBPW cultures Activities: Presentation and discussion

REFERENCES 1 Agrawala, V.S. 1965. Indian Art. Varanasi 2 Allchin, F.R. & B. Allchin. 1981. The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan. Rpt. Delhi. 3 Allchin, F.R. & B. Allchin. 1997. Origins of a Civilization. Delhi. 4 Carter, M.L. (ed.) 1994. A Treasury of Indian Coins. Bombay. 5 The Urban Revolution. Reprinted in G.L. Possehl (ed.), Ancient Childe, V.G. 1979. Cities of the Indus. Delhi. 6 D.K. Chakrabarti (eds.) Essays in Indian Protohistory, pp. 229-45. Delhi. 7 Dhavalikar, M.K. 1979. Early Farming Cultures of Deccan, In D.P. Agrawal and D. K. Chakrabarti (eds.) Essays in Indian Protohistory, pp. 247-65. Delhi. 8 Fairservis, W.A. 1971. The Roots of Ancient India. Chicago. 9 Gupta, P.L. 1991. Coins. Delhi. 10 Krishna Deva. 1995. Temples of India. Two volumes. Delhi. 11 Mitra, D. 1971. Buddhist Monuments. Calcutta. 12 Sundara, A. 1979. Typology of Megaliths, In D.P. Agrawal and D.K. Chakrabarti (eds.) Essays in Indian Protohistory, pp. Delhi The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 1 CORE 01: Credit 3 Semester 1 AB1C01AY1N / AAH1101C01 Hours 45 Ancient Indian History Culture and Archaeology – I

Objectives The main objective of this course is to introduce students to archaeology and the methods used by archaeologists. This will be followed by the chronological sequence of the early cultures of India – starting from the beginning of production of stone artifacts till 2700 years ago. Students will also examine the origin and development of domestic and religious architecture and development of various religions in the Indian subcontinent

COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I Introduction to Archaeology 12 hrs Definition, history, archaeological remains, archaeological methods, relationship of archaeology with other disciplines; Main geographical of features of India and its influence on its culture UNIT-II Sources of India Culture and chronology and arrangements of events 5 hrs Archaeological and Literary sources of Indian History and culture Chronological sequence of cultures of India UNIT-III Introduction to Prehistoric cultures of India 14 hrs , Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic Cultures of India UNIT-IV Neolithic and Chalcolithic cultural developments 14 hrs North and North Eastern and Southern Neolithic Cultures of India Indus Valley Civilization, Origin and Development of Harappa Culture Activities Museum visits, handling of Artefacts, registration and documentation of artefacts,Presentation and discussion REFERENCES 1 Allchin, B. and F. R. Allchin. 1982. The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan. 2 Chard, S Chester 1969: Man in Prehistory 3 Hester, J. J. 1977: Introduction to Archaeology 4 Mujamdar, R. C. (ed.) 1988: History and Culture of Indian People, vols. I, II and III 5 Subbarao, B 1958: Personality of India The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 1 CORE 02: Credit 3 Semester 2 AB2C02AY2N / AAH1201C02 Hours 45 Ancient Indian History Culture and Archaeology – II

Objectives The main objective of this course is to introduce students to archaeology and the methods used by archaeologists. This will be followed by the chronological sequence of the early cultures of India – starting from the beginning of production of stone artifacts till 2700 years ago. Students will also examine the origin and development of domestic and religious architecture and development of various religions in the Indian subcontinent

COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I Chalcolithic Cultural beginning in Central and Peninsular India 6 hrs Banas, Malwa and Jorwe Cultures UNIT-II 6 hrs Painted Grey Ware, Northern Black Polished ware and Megalithic Cultures UNIT-III The Vedic Period: Theories on the origin of Aryans and Vedic literature 11 hrs a. Political Institution of Indian State: Monarchic, Republican b. Social Institutions: Varnashram, Educational, position of women and Marriage system in India

UNIT-IV Religions of Ancient India 9 hrs a) Jainism b) Buddhism c) Hinduism

UNIT -V Ancient Indian Architecture Languages and Literature 13 hrs a) Origin and Development of Stupa architecture b) Origin and Development of Temple architecture c) Ancient Indian Languages and Literature

REFERENCES 1 Allchin, B. and F. R. Allchin. 1982. The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan. 2 Basham, A. L 1985: The Wonder that was India 3 Kenoyer, J. M. 2006: Ancient Cities of the Indus valley Civilization 4 Krishna Deva 1995: Temples of India 5 Mujamdar, R. C. (ed.) 1988: History and Culture of Indian People, vols. I, II and III 6 Thaper Romila 1980: A History of India The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 2 CORE 03: Credit 3 Semester 3 AB3C03AY1N /AAH1301C03 / AAH1311C03 Hours 45 Political History of India – I (600 BC-700 AD)

Objectives The course deals with the Political history of India. The 1st part of course aims at providing the historical background for understanding the cultural developments in different parts of India from the beginning of Early Historic period up to 7th Century AD. It essentially deals with political history and concomitant cultural history that will help students to appreciate the archaeological records in the right perspective

COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I Introduction to Ancient Indian History 11 hrs (i)Effects of Geographical Factors (ii)Sources of Indian History (iii)The Mahajanpadas India in 6th Century B.C. (iv)The Nandas and the Persian Invasion UNIT-II Early Dynasties 14 hrs (i) Alexander’s Invasion (ii) Mauryan Dynasty (iii) Sungas (iv)Kanvas UNIT-III Post-Mauryan Dynasties 8 hrs (i) Satavahanas (ii) Kushans (iii) IndoGreeks (iv) Pahalavas and Indo Scythians UNIT-IV Guptas and Other Dynasties 12 hrs (i) the Gupta Dynasty (ii) Vakatakas& (ii) Harshavardhana (iii) Chalukyas of Badami (iv) Kadambas, Chalukyas of Vengi & Kalyana

REFERENCES 1 Chattopadhya S.K 1967, The Age of Kushanas, Calcutta

2 Fussman, G. 1987. Central and Provincial Administration in ancient India: The Problem of the Mauryan Empire. The Indian Historical Review XIV, 1-2: 43-72. 3 Gupta, P.L., 1974-9, The Imperial Guptas, Two Volumes , Varanasi 4 Mahajan,V.D. 2006, Ancient India, Sultan Chand &Co, New Delhi 5 Majumdar, R.C. (ed). The History and Culture of Indian People- Bhartiya Vidhya Bhavans Series, Vol I to V , Bombay 6 Majumdar, R. C. (ed). – 1996 The Vedic Age, Volume I, Bombay 7 Majumdar, R.C. (ed) - 1980 The Age of Imperial Unity, Volume II, Bombay 8 Majumdar, R.C. (ed).- 1954 The Classical Age, Volume III, Bombay 9 Narain,A.K. 1957, The Indo- Greeks, London 10 Panniker, K.M 1959, Geographical Factors in Indian History, Bombay 11 Sen, S.N.,1982, Ancient Indian History & Civilization, Willy Eastern Ltd. New Delhi 12 Thapar, R, 1984. From Lineage to State. Delhi. 13. Thapar, R. 1987. 13 The Mauryas Revisited. Calcutta. 14 Thapar, R. 1997. Asoka and the Decline of the Mauryas. Revised edition. Delhi 15 Tripathi, R.S., 1969, History of Ancient India, New Delhi 16 Yazdani, G. 1960 (ed) The Early History of Deccan, Oxford. The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 2 CORE 04: Credit 3 Semester 3 AB3C04AY0N / AAH1302C04 / AAh1312C04 Hours 45 Social Institutions of Ancient India

Objectives This is a paper dealing with development of various social institutions in ancient Indian society starting from the Vedic period. It provides a brief introduction of the sources that are available for studying the major social Institutions and then deals with the origin of varan and caste systems in ancient India. It also provides information regarding various ashramas, system of education and composition of family and status women in ancient India. COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I 13 hrs (i) Introduction to Social Institutions (ii) Sources for studying Social Institutions (iii) Introduction to Vedic Period (iv) Development of Literature UNIT-II 12 hrs (i) Development of Varna Systems (ii) Development of Caste Systems (iii) Asramas in Ancient India UNIT-III 10 hrs (i) Education in Ancient India (ii) Marriage Systems in Ancient India (iii) Family in Ancient India UNIT-IV 10 hrs (i) Position of Women in Ancient India (ii) Sanskaras Activities Assignments and Presentation and discussion by students (This will run concurrent to the previous units) REFERENCES 1 Valavalkar,V.H. Hindu Social Institutions, 1939. 2 Prabhu Pandarinath Hindu Social Institutions, 1954 3 Majumdar,A.K. Concise History of Ancient India, Vol. III. 4 Basham,A.L. The Wonder that was India, 1954. 5 Sharma,R.S. Material Culture and Social Formations in Ancient India, 1983. 6 Thapar,R. (ed.) Ancient Indian Social History, 1978. 7 Wagle,N.N. Society at the Time of Buddha, 1966. 8 Apte,V.M. Social and Religious Life in the Grhyasutras. 9 Sharma,S.P. History of Ancient India. 10 Majumdar,A.K. Concise History of Ancient India, Vol. II. 11 Kosambi,D.D. The Culture and Civilization of Ancient India. 12 Kosambi,D.D. An Introduction to Study of Indian History, 1975. 13 Jaiswal,S. Caste, Origin, Function and Dimensions of Change, 2000. The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 2 CORE 05: Credit 3 Semester 3 AB3C05AY1N /AAH1303C05 / AAH1313C05 Hours 45 Political and Cultural History of - I

Objectives The course provides the necessary political and cultural history background for understanding the archaeological records in Gujarat. In the 1st part, the course deals with major sources those are available for study and then trace the political through archaeological and historical records from the time of Mauryan rule up to the period of Gupta rule

COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I General Introduction to the Subject 11 hrs Geographical background of Gujarat Background of political and cultural history of Gujarat on the basis of Archaeological and Literary sources. Boundaries of ancient Gujarat UNIT-II The Mauryan Period in Gujarat 11 hrs Political and cultural history of Mauryan rule in Gujarat based on archeological sources The Rock Edict Important Inscriptions of Gujarat Other important sources Indo Greeks in Gujarat based on coins UNIT-III Western Kshatrapas and minor dynasties 11 hrs (a) The Origin, Rise and Decline (b) Traikutakas and Gurjaras UNIT-IV The Gupta Period 12 hrs (a) Early history of Gupta Dynasty- a brief introduction in general (b) Gupta conquest of Gujarat (c) Hunas invasion and the downfall of the . Activities Tutorials, Classroom presentations and discussion ( This will run Concurrent to the preceding Units) REFERENCES 1 Commissariat, M.S. 1938. A History of Gujarat: Including a Survey of Its Chief ArchitecturalMonuments and Inscription. Vol I from AD 1297-8 to AD 1573. Longmans, green and company,London. 2 Lokhandwala, M.F. 1965. Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (English translation) (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series 146). Oriental Institute of Baroda 3 Majumdar, A. K. Chalukyas of Gujarat, Bhrtiya Vidhya Bhavan , Bombay. 4 Majumdar, M.R. (ed). 1960. Historical and Cultural Chronology of Gujarat (From Earliest Timesto 942 AD). 5 Majumdar, M.R. 1965. Cultural History of Gujarat (From Early Times to Pre-British Period). Popular Prakashan, Bombay 6 Mehta, R. N. 1961. Puravastuviddha (in Gujarati). Oriental Institute of Baroda. 7 Misra, S.C. 1963. The Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat: A History of Gujarat From 1298 to 1442, Asia Publishing House New Delhi 8 Munshi, K.M. 1955. Glory that was Gujarat Desa (AD 550-1300), part 1 and 2, Bhrtiya Vidhya Bhavan, Bombay 9 Nanavati, J.M. Monumental Landmarks of Gujarat, Department of Archaeology, Gujarat state. 10 Nanavati, J.M. and Dhaky, M.A. 1969. The Mitraka and The Temples of Gujarat. Ascona, Artibus Asiae Publisher, Switzerland 11 Parik Rasiklal Chotalal and Shastri Hariprasad G. Gujarat no Rajkiya and Sanskritik ItihasGranth, 12 Parikh Rasiklal Chotalal, 1958. Gujaratni Rajdhaniyo (Muslin Yug Purve) (in gujarati), Grntharatna Karyalay, 13 Rasesh Jamindar, 1975, Kshatarpkalnu Gujarat (History and of the First 4Centuries AD), Gujarat vidhyapeeth, Ahmedabad. 14 Rasiklal Chotalal Parikh and Shastri Hariprasad. 1974. Maitrak Ane Anu-maitrak Kal (GujartnoArjkiye Ane Sanskrutik Itihas Granth 3 )(in gujarati). Seth Bholabhai Jeshangbhai AdhyayanSansodhan Vidhya Bhavan, Ahmedabad 15 Saletore Bhaskar Anand. 1960. Main currents in the ancient history of Gujarat, M. S. University of Baroda 16 Sambhuprasad Hariprasad Desai. 1986. No Itihas (in gujarati). Sorath Shikshan Ane Sanskruti Sangh, . 17 Sankalia, H.D. 1941. The Archaeology of Gujarat: Including Kaithiawar. Natwarlal and Company, Bombay. 18 Sankalia, H.D. 1987. Prehistory and Historical Archaeology of Gujarat. Munshiram Manoharlal Pub.Pvt Ltd. New Delhi. 19 Shastri Hariprasad, G. 1978. Gujarat Na Prachin Itihasnu Sadhan Samagri (in gujarati), Gujarat Itihas Parishad, Ahmedabad. 20 Shastri Hariprasad, Maitrak kalin Gujarat. 21 Shelat Bharti Kiritkumar. 1987. The Chronological Systems of Gujarat (From Early Times Upto1304 AD), Pranav Shelat, Ahmedabad. Vol 2- Mauryakal Thi Guptkal, 1972, Vol 4- Solankikal, 1977, Vol 5- Sultanatekal, 1977, Vol 6 Mughalkal, 1979, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 2 CORE 06: Credit 3 Semester 4 AB4C06AY2N / AAH1401C06 / AAH1411C06 Hours 45 Political History of India – II (700 AD-1200 AD)

Objectives This is the second part of the political history course. As in the first part of the second part of the course is meant for providing the necessary historical background for understanding the cultural developments in different parts of India from the 8th Century AD to 12th Century AD. It essentially deals with political history and concomitant cultural history that may help students to appreciate the archaeological records in the right perspective COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I Regional dynasties 12 hrs (i) Rashtrakutas (ii) Origin of (iii) Pratihara of Kanuj (iv) Palas of UNIT-II Later Dynasties 11 hrs (i) Chandellas (ii) Gahadvalas (iii) Kalachuris (iv) Parmaras UNIT-III South Indian Dynasties 11 hrs (i) Pallavas (ii)Cholas (iii)Pandyas (iv)Hoyasalas

UNIT-IV The Incursion of the Islamic Rulers 11 hrs (i) Arab Invasion of Sind (ii) Mehmud of Ghazni (iii) Mohmad Ghori REFERENCES 1 Fussman, G. 1987. Central and Provincial Administration in ancient India: The Problem of the Mauryan Empire. The Indian Historical Review XIV, 1-2: 43-72. 2 Jha, D.N. 1998. Ancient India. Delhi 3 Mahajan,V.D. 2006, Ancient India, Sultan Chand &Co, New Delhi 4 Majumdar, R.C. (ed). The History and Culture of Indian People- Bhartiya Vidhya Bhavans Series, Vol I to V , Bombay 5 Majumdar, R.C. (ed) - 1980 The Age of Imperial Unity, Volume II, Bombay 6 Majumdar, R.C. (ed).- 1954 The Classical Age, Volume III, Bombay 7 Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. 1975. A History of . Rpt. Delhi 8 Sen, S.N.,1982, Ancient Indian History & Civilization,Willy Eastern Ltd. New Delhi 9 Sharma, R.S. 1965. Indian Feudalism. Delhi. 10 Sharma, R.S. 1983. Material Culture and Social Formations in Ancient India. Delhi. 11 Thapar, R, 1966, A History of India, Middlex, England 12 Thapar, R, 1984. From Lineage to State. Delhi. 13 Tripathi, R.S., 1969, History of Ancient India, New Delhi 14 Yazdani, G. 1960 (ed) The Early History of Deccan, Oxford The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 2 CORE 07: Credit 3 Semester 4 AB4C07AY0N / AAH1402C07 / AAH1412C07 Hours 45 Political Institutions of Ancient India

Objectives The main aim of the course is to introduce students to the development of important Political institutions in ancient India starting from the Vedic period up to the time of the Gupts. It provides a brief introduction of the sources that are available for studying the two major form of governance: the monarchic and the republic and then deals with the growth of other political and administrative setup along with the two forms of governance. Political and administrative institutions during the Mauryan and the Gupta periods are dealt in detail in the course. COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I 12 hrs (i) Sources of Ancient Indian Polity (ii) Development of State in Ancient India (iii) Types of States in Ancient India (iv) Development of Kingship in Ancient India UNIT-II 11 hrs (i) Development of Sabha and Samiti (ii) Ministry in Ancient India (iii) Secretariat and Departments in Ancient India UNIT-III 12 hrs (i) Administration of Republics in Ancient India (ii) Town and Village Administration (iii) Law and Legal Institutions in Ancient India (iv) Income and Expenditure of the State UNIT-IV 10 hrs (i) Administration in Early Vedic Period (ii) Development of Administration in Later Vedic Period (iii) Mauryan Administration (iv)Gupta Administration

Activities Assignments, Presentation by students and Discussion (This will run concurrent to the previous units)

REFERENCES 1 Altekar,A.S. State and Government in Ancient India, 1949. 2 Drekmeier,C. Kingship and Community in Early India, 1962. 3 Gonda,J. Ancient Indian Kingship from the Religious Point of view, 1966. 4 Jayaswal,K.P. Hindu Polity, 1943. 5 Jha,D.N. Revenue System in Post-Maurya and Gupta Times, 1967. 6 Sharma,J.P. Republics in Ancient India, 1968. 7 Sharma,R.S. Aspects of Political Ideas and Institutions in Ancient India, 1959. 8 Basham,A.L. The Wonder that was India, 1954. 9 Sharma,S.P. History of Ancient India. 10 Kosambi,D.D. An Introduction to Study of Indian History, 1975 The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 2 CORE 08: Credit 3 Semester 4 AB4C08AY2N / AAH1403C08 / AAH1413C08 Hours 45 Political and Cultural History of Gujarat - II

Objectives The course provides the necessary political and cultural history background for understanding the archaeological records in Gujarat. In the 2nd part, the course traces the rule and legacy of major dynasties such as the Mitrakas, the , the Chavadas, the Chalukyas and the Vaghelas of Gujarat. It also deals with early coinage in Gujarat and its importance COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I The Maitrakas and other minor dynasties 12 hrs (a) Maitrakas: r Origin, Rise and Decline (b) Minor dynasties: Garulakas, Saindhavas-Jethavas, Chapotkatas and Chavadas UNIT-II The Chalukyas of Gujarat 10 hrs (a) Chalukyas of Patan - Origin, Rise and Decline (b) Vaghelas - their Origin, Rise, Achievement and Decline. UNIT-III Society and Religion 11 hrs Jainism and Buddhism in Gujarat, UNIT-IV Coinage 12 hrs Types of coins found in Gujarat. Punch marked coins Kshatrapa coins Gupta coins

Activities Tutorials, Classroom presentations and discussion (This will run concurrent to the preceding units) REFERENCES 1 Commissariat, M.S. 1938. A History of Gujarat: Including a Survey of Its Chief ArchitecturalMonuments and Inscription. Vol I from AD 1297-8 to AD 1573. Longmans, green and company,London. 2 Lokhandwala, M.F. 1965. Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (English translation) (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series 146). Oriental Institute of Baroda 3 Majumdar, A. K. Chalukyas of Gujarat, Bhrtiya Vidhya Bhavan , Bombay. 4 Majumdar, M.R. (ed). 1960. Historical and Cultural Chronology of Gujarat (From Earliest Timesto 942 AD). 5 Majumdar, M.R. 1965. Cultural History of Gujarat (From Early Times to Pre-British Period). Popular Prakashan, Bombay 6 Mehta, R. N. 1961. Puravastuviddha (in Gujarati). Oriental Institute of Baroda. 7 Misra, S.C. 1963. The Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat: A History of Gujarat From 1298 to 1442, Asia Publishing House New Delhi. 8 Munshi, K.M. 1955. Glory that was Gujarat Desa (AD 550-1300), part 1 and 2, Bhrtiya Vidhya Bhavan, Bombay. 9 Nanavati, J.M. Monumental Landmarks of Gujarat, Department of Archaeology, Gujarat state. 10 Nanavati, J.M. and Dhaky, M.A. 1969. The Mitraka and The Saindhava Temples of Gujarat. Ascona, Artibus Asiae Publisher, Switzerland. 11 Parik Rasiklal Chotalal and Shastri Hariprasad G. Gujarat no Rajkiya and Sanskritik ItihasGranth, 12 parikh rasiklal chotalal, 1958. Gujaratni Rajdhaniyo (Muslin Yug Purve) (in gujarati), Gurjar Grntharatna Karyalay, Ahmedabad. 13 Rasesh Jamindar, 1975, Kshatarpkalnu Gujarat (History and Culture of Gujarat of the First 4Centuries AD), Gujarat vidhyapeeth, Ahmedabad. 14 Rasiklal Chotalal Parikh and Shastri Hariprasad. 1974. Maitrak Ane Anu-maitrak Kal (GujartnoArjkiye Ane Sanskrutik Itihas Granth 3 )(in gujarati). Seth Bholabhai Jeshangbhai AdhyayanSansodhan Vidhya Bhavan, Ahmedabad. 15 Saletore Bhaskar Anand. 1960. Main currents in the ancient history of Gujarat, M. S. University of Baroda. 16 Sambhuprasad Hariprasad Desai. 1986. Saurashtra No Itihas (in gujarati). Sorath Shikshan Ane Sanskruti Sangh, Junagadh. 17 Sankalia, H.D. 1941. The Archaeology of Gujarat: Including Kaithiawar. Natwarlal and Company, Bombay. 18 Sankalia, H.D. 1987. Prehistory and Historical Archaeology of Gujarat. Munshiram Manoharlal Pub.Pvt Ltd. New Delhi. 19 Shastri Hariprasad, G. 1978. Gujarat Na Prachin Itihasnu Sadhan Samagri (in gujatati), Gujarat Itihas Parishad, Ahmedabad. 20 Shastri Hariprasad, Maitrak kalin Gujarat 21 Shelat bharti kiritkumar. 1987. The Chronological Systems of Gujarat (From Early Times Upto1304 AD), Pranav Shelat, Ahmedabad. Vol 2- Mauryakal Thi Guptkal, 1972, Vol 4- Solankikal, 1977, Vol 5- Sultanatekal, 1977, Vol 6 Mughalkal, 1979, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 3 CORE 09: Credit 3 Semester 5 AB5C09AY1N /AAH1501C09 Hours 45 Religion and Society in Ancient India- I

Objectives The overall objective of this course in part I and II is to make students aware of the role of religious thoughts and their significance in understanding the society in general. It emphasizes on understanding the origin and development of various religions within the Indian subcontinent. It also provides an opportunity to understand the impact of each religion on Indian society and how the society has undergone transformation with various religious influences. A proper understanding of religion and its contribution to societal formation allows students to assess the significance of human constructs and the process of thought. COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I Introduction to the study of Religion and Society 12 hrs (a) Sources a. Archaeological b. Historic (Literary and others) (b) Forms of Religion – Animism, Totemism, Shamanism etc (c) Forms of Society – Simple and Complex UNIT-II Religious Beliefs 11 hrs (a) Prehistoric Period (2 Hours Lecture) (b) Harappan Period (3 Hours Lecture) (c) Other Chalcolithic Periods (3 Hours Lecture) UNIT-III Early Organised Religions I 12 hrs (a) Rig Vedic and later Vedic religion and Philosophy (b) Rites and their role in society and polity: samskaras, asrama theory (c) Development of Priesthood UNIT-IV Early Organised Religions II 10 hrs (a) Background of emergence of: a. Budhism b. Jainism c. Ajivakas Activities Seminar/Discussion/Presentation/Assignments. REFERENCES 1 Chakravarti, U. 1987. The Social Dimensions of Early Buddhism. Delhi. 2 Chanana, Dev 1966. Social Implications of Reason and Authority in Buddhism, IndianEconomic and Social History Review 3(3): 292-302. 3 Chatterjee, S.C. & D.M. Dutta. 1960. An Introduction to Indian Philosophy. Calcutta. 4 Chattopadhyaya, S. Theistic Sects in Ancient India. 5 Heitzman, J. 1984. Early Buddhism, Trade and Empire. In K.A.R. Kennedy & G.L. Possehl (eds.) Studies in the Archaeology and Palaeoanthropology of South Asia. pp. 121-37. Delhi. 6 Jaiswal, S. 2000. Caste, Origin, Function and Dimensions of Change. Delhi. 7 Keith, A.B. 1925. Religion and Philosophy of the and Upanishads, Pts. I & II. Cambridge. 8 Kosambi, D.D. 1956. Introduction to the Study of Indian History. Bombay. 9 Kosambi, D.D. 1962. Myth and Reality. Bombay. 10 Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) 1957. The Vedic Age. Delhi. 11 Marshall, J. 1931. Mohenjodaro and the Indus Civilisation. London. 12 Pande, G.C. 1957. Studies in the Origin of Buddhism. Allahabad 13 Ratnagar, S. 2000. The End of the Great Harappan Tradition. Delhi. 14 Ratnagar, S. 2001. Understanding Harappa Civilization in the Greater Indus Valley. Delhi. 15 Sharma, R.S. 1983. Material Culture and Social Formations in Ancient India. 16 Thapar, R. 1978. Ethics Religion and Social Protest in the First Millennium B.C. In R. Thaper (ed.), Ancient Indian Social History. Delhi. 17 Wagle, N.N. 1966. Society at the time of the Buddha. Bombay. 18 Warder, A.K. 1970. Indian Buddhism. Delhi. The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 3 CORE 10: Credit 3 Semester 5 AB5C10AY1N / AAH1502C10 Hours 45 Political and Cultural History of Southeast Asia - I

Objectives The primary aim of this course is to apprise students of the spread of ancient Indian cultural ethos in Southeast Asia. In the 1st part, it provides a summary of Ancient India’s influence in the Political and cultural history of in Thailand, Indonasian Islands, and further east in Cambodia and Laos. It discusses the archaeological and historical evidence illustrating India’s influence in the early historic and early medieval periods. COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I 8 hrs Concept of Greater India. The Land and the People of Greater India. Process of Hindu Colonization in South-East Asia (in Suvarnadvipa and Suvarnabhumi) UNIT-II 10 hrs The Sailendras (The Sailendras Empire). The struggle between the Sailendras and the Cholas. The Downfall of the Sailendras Empire UNIT-III 13 hrs Java - The Kingdom of Mataram. The Kingdom of Kadari. The Dynasty of Singhasari. The foundation of Majapahit. The Javanise Empire. The downfall of the Empire. Hindu Culture in Java – Society, Literature, Religion, Art and Architecture. UNIT-IV 14 hrs The History and Culture of Champa. The Early Hindu Dynasties. Early Kings of Champapura. The Dynasty of Pandurangs. The Bhrigu Dynasty. The Anamite invasion. The Dynasty of Harivarman. The Anamite conquest of Champa. Culture in Champa – Society, Literature, Religion, Art and Architecture. Actvities Seminar/discussion/presentation

REFERENCES 1 R.C. Majumdar Ancient Indian Colonies in Far East. Vol. I – Champa. Lahore, 1927. Vol. II – Suvarnadvipa and Suvarnabhumi. Decca, 1937. 2 R.C. Majumdar Ancient Indian Colonization in South-East Asia. 1955. 3 S.N. Sen Ancient Indian History and Civilization. Calcutta, 1988. 4 B.R. Chatterjee Indian Culture in Java and Sumatra. Calcutta, 1927. 5 B.R. Chatterjee India and Java. Calcutta, 1933 6 H.G.Q. Wales The Making of Greater India. London, 1951. 7 H.B. Sarkar Indian Influence on the Literature of Java and Bali. Calcutta, 1934. 8 K. Nag Discovery of Asia. Calcutta, 1957 The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 3 CORE 11: Credit 3 Semester 5 AB5C11AY0N / AAH1503C11 Hours 45 Archaeological Methods and Prehistory of India

Objectives The course proposes to apprise students of the various methods used in archaeological data collection, limitations of the data and methods of analysis and interpretation. It also provides Stone Age cultural development in India from the Lower Palaeolithic to the Neolithic periods. COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I 11 hrs (i) Definition, Nature and scope of Archaeology (ii) Archaeological Methods: Exploration & Excavation Use of technology in finding and excavating sites (iii) Archaeology: An Interdisciplinary Approach Applications of different branches of Physical, Biological and Social sciences in Archaeology UNIT-II 14 hrs (i) Dating Methods: Relative and Absolute Stratigraphy, Cross dating, Typology, Geological Methods, Climatic methods, Fluorine analysis, Dendrochronology, Radio-Carbon Dating, Potassium- Argon dating, Thermoluminiscence, Varves. (ii) Human Evolution UNIT-III 11 hrs (i) Lower Palaeolithic Culture (ii) Middle Palaeolithic Culture (iii) Upper Palaeolithic Culture UNIT-IV 9 hrs (i) Mesolithic Culture Tool types, Geographical location, subsistence pattern and dates. (ii) Neolithic Culture of India Activities Practical observation and handling of tools and materials (Presentation by students and Discussion). REFERENCES 1 B. Subbarao Personality of India, 1958 2 Man in Prehistory 3 R.E.M.Wheeler Archaeology from Earth 4 K.M.Srivastava New Era of Indian Archaeology 5 D.P.Agarwal Dating the Past 6 Stuart Fleming Dating in Archaeology 7 Michael Joseph Dating Methods in Archaeology 8 Noel T Boaz and Alan J Almquist Biological Anthropology – A Synthetic Approach to Human Evolution, Chapters 10 & 11. 9 Jones S, R Martin and D Pilbeam (eds) The Cambridge Encyclopedia of HumanEvolution, 1992 10 Releth Ford J H The Human Specieses – An Introduction to Biological Anthropology, 1997 11 H.D.Sankalia Stone Age Tools: Their Techniques, Names and Probable Functions, 1982 12 H.D.Sankalia Prehistory and Protohistory of India and Pakistan 13 Allchin & Allchin The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan, 1974 14 D.P.Agarwal The Archaeology of India, 1982 15 B.K. Thaper Recent Archaeological Discoveries in India , 1985 16 B.R.Allchin and D.K.Chakrabarti A Source Book on Indian Archaeology, 1979 17 D.P.Agarwal and D.K.Chakrabarti (ed.) Essays in Protohistory, 1979 The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 3 CORE 12: Credit 3 Semester 5 AB5C12AY1N / AAH1504C12 Hours 45 Indian Architecture and Art - I

Objectives The main aim of this course is to make students acquainted with the major forms of Art and Architectural heritage of Ancient India. In the 1st part, it traces the origin and development of early Buddhist and the Brahmanical and Jain architecture. It also provides a review of sculptural arts in ancient India from the Indus civilization to the Gupta period. COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I Introduction to Indian Art and Architecture, Historical Background 6 hrs Geographical factors and regional development; Major Architectural Styles UNIT-II Stupa Architecture 14 hrs (a) Symbolism (b) Origin and Development of Stupas (c)Study of Major Stupas: Northern, Central, Western and Northwestern and Southern groups

UNIT-III Rock-Cut, Chaityas and Viharas 13 hrs (a) Rock-cut caves and Monasteries (b) Origin and Development of the Chaityas and Viharas halls Hinayana and Mahayana Groups (c) Brahmanical and Jain rock cut cave architecture UNIT-IV Early Indian sculptures 12 hrs Indus valley sculptures Mauryan sculptures Sunga and Satvahana Sculptures school of Art Mathura school of Art Activities Presentations, monument visits and discussion

REFERENCES 1 Agrawala, V. S. 1965. Masterpieces of Mathura sculpture. Varanasi: Prithvi Prakashan 2 Brown, Percy. 1960. Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu). Bombay: D. B. Taraporewala 3 Coomaraswamy, A. K. 1972. History of Indian and Indonesian Art. (Reprint) Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal 4 Hallade, M. 1968. Gandhara Style and the Evolution of Buddhist Art. London: Thames and Hudson.

5 Havell, E. 1980. Indian Sculpture. London: John Murray 6 Knox, Robert. 1992. Amravati: Buddhist Sculpture from the great Stupa. London: British Museum 7 Kramarisch, Stella 1986. The (2 vols) (reprint). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas. 8 Kramarisch, Stella 1965. The Art of India. London: Phaidon Press. 9 Krishna Deva, Temples of India, Vol I and II 10 Meister, M.W. and Dhaky, M.A. 1983/1988. Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architectures (2 vols.) Delhi: Oxford University Press. 11 Nehru, Lolita. 1989. Origins of Gandhara Style: A Study of Contributory Influences. Delhi: Oxford University Press 12 Ray, Nihar-Ranjan. 1975. Maurya and Post-Mauryan Art. New Delhi: Indian Council for Historical Research. 13 Rea, Alexander. 1970. Pallava Architecture. Varanasi: Indological Book House. 14 Rowland, Benjamin. 1953. The Art and : Hindu, Bhuddhist and Jain. London: Penguin Books. 15 Sarkar, H. 1966. Studies in the Early Buddhist Architecture of India. Delhi: Munshiramm Manoharlal. The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 3 CORE 13: Credit 3 Semester 5 AB5C13AY1N / AAH1505C13 Hours 45 Monuments of Gujarat - I

Objectives The primary objective of this course is to provide historical and cultural background of major monuments of Gujarat starting from the Harappan times to the medieval periods. This includes a study of major Harappan monuments in Gujarat followed by Buddhist monuments and remains, early temples and their stylistic features and sculptural art of Gujarat. On site instruction and study of important monuments are encouraged. COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I General introduction of the subject, nature, scope and sources of study 12 hrs Historic and cultural background of Monuments of Gujarat Proto-historic and Historic monuments of Gujarat Rock- cut architecture of Gujarat/Saurashtra Junagarh (Uper Kot), Sana, Talaja, Khambhalida, Dhank, Khaprakodia, Kadia Dungar and others Stupas and Viharas: Junagarh and Devnimori, UNIT-II Early temples of Gujarat 15 hrs Temples of the Maitraka and the Siandhava periods Development of different styles: Phamsana, Vimanakara, Valabhachhandaja, Sikharanvita styles Pre-Solanki and Solanki Period temples Mahagurjara and Maru-gurjara style Developments in the Sarasvatamandala, Saurashtra and Kachchh. Roda/Samalaji group of temples, Examples from Saurashtra and Kachchh. Bhumija type temples in Gujarat UNIT-III Toranas of Gujarat 8 hrs 1. Architectural features of Toranas 2. Important Toranas Vadnagar, Siddhpur, Modhera, Kapadavanj, Shamalaji etc. UNIT-IV Sculptural Components 10 hrs 1. Kshatrapa, Maitraka and Solanki period sculptures. 2. Sculptures from Shamalaji and Roda. 3. Terracotta art of Devnimori, 4. bronzes

Activities Visit to temple sites for onsite instruction: Tutorial presentation by students

REFERENCES 1 Basham, A.L 1961 The Wonder that was India. 2 Commissariat, M.S. 1938. A History of Gujarat: Including a Survey of Its Chief Architectural Monuments and Inscription. Vol I from AD 1297-8 to AD 1573. Longmans, green and company, London. 3 Debala Mitra 1980 The Buddhist Monuments. 4 Dhaky,M.A 1961 The Chronology of Solanki Temples of Gujarat, Itihas Parishad, no.3. 5 George Watts and Percy Brown 1979Arts and Crafts of India. 6 Henry Cousens 1903 Architectural Antiquities of Northern Gujarat. 7 Lobo Wibke, 1982 The Sun Temple at Modhera, a monograph of Archaeology and Iconography. 8 Majumdar, M.R 1960 Chronology of Gujarat The M. S. University publication. 9 Majumdar, M.R. Gujarat- It’s Art and Heritage, 10 Majumdar, M.R. 1965. Cultural History of Gujarat (From Early Times to Pre-British Period). Popular Prakashan, Bombay. 11 Mehta, R.N. and Chowdhary, S.N. 1971 Excavations at Devnimori.The M.S. University Publication 12 Nanavati, J.M. Monumental Landmarks of Gujarat, Department of Archaeology, Gujarat state. 13 Nanavati, J.M. and M.A.Dhaky 1969 The Maitraka and Saindhava Temples of Gujarat, Artibus Asiae Supplementum XXVI 14 Percy Brown1971 Indian Architecture, Volume I,. 15 Percy Brown 1975 Indian Architecture, Volume II 16 Pramod Chandra 1975 Studies in Indian Temple Architecture, 1975. 17 Rasesh Jamindar, 1975, Kshatarpkalnu Gujarat (History and Culture of Gujarat of the First 4Centuries AD), Gujarat vidhyapeeth, Ahmedabad. 18 Sankalia, H.D.1941 The Archaeology of Gujarat. 19 Shah, U.P. 1951 Akota Bronzes, State Archaeological Series, Vol. I. 20 Shah, U.P. 1960 Sculptures from Samalaji and Roda in the Baroda Museum Ancient Sculptures from Gujarat and Saurashtra, Journal of IndianMuseums, Vol. VIII, !960. 21 Sompura, K. F.1968 The Structural Temples of Gujarat, 22 Stella Kramrisch 1977 The Hindu Temple, 2 volumes. The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 3 CORE 14: Credit 3 Semester 5 AB5C14AY1N / AAH1506C14 Hours 45 Cities of Ancient Civilization – I

Objectives The primary objective of this course is to apprise students of the development of early urban centres in Egypt, Mesopotamia and India. It provides comparative details of the urban development in the above three centres in the backdrop of geographical and social factors. It also discusses distinctive features of the city and state management in the three centres of civilization COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I Introduction to Civilizations in the Old world 12 hrs (i) Discovery of Early States of the Old World (ii) Origin and comparative timelines (iii) Terminology and Theoretical frame work (iv) Environmental Settings and Geographic locations

UNIT-II Origin of Urban Society 16 hrs (i) Basic concepts for emergence of Urbanism (ii) Towns, Cities, City-States, States and Dynasties (iii) Indus Towns and Cities, (iv) Mesopotamian City–States, Cities & dynasty (v)Egyptian Cities and Kingdom

UNIT-III Features of Urbanism –Written records 12 hrs (i) Written records, context and use (ii) Egyptian Hieroglyphs – Rosetta stone, Pyramid, texts etc. (iii) Mesopotamian Cuneiforms – clay tokens, tablets, envelops and cylindrical seals (iv) Indus Script - Graffiti marks, Steatite seals, Clay Sealings

UNIT-IV Rulers and traders 15 hrs (i) Egyptian Chiefs, Pharaohs, Nomarchs (ii) Mesopotamian Priests and Kings (iii) Indus Priest/King ? (iv) Traders of Egypt, Mesopotamia and Indus

Activities Presentations, Tutorials, discussion etc. REFERENCES 1 Agrawal, D.P., & J.S. Kharakwal, 2003: Bronze and Iron Age in South Asia, Aryan Books International, New Delhi. 2 Brewer Douglas, J, and T, Emily, 1999: Egypt and Egyptian, Cambridge University Press , London 3 Chatterjee Lakshmi, 2005: Heritage of Harappa, Global Vision Publishing, New Delhi 4 Child Gordon, 1957: The Bronze Age Past and Present, London 5 Kenyor, J.M., 1998: Ancient Cities of the Indus Civilization 6 Nissen,H.J., 1988 : The Early History of , The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 7 Nissen,H.J., 1988 : The Early History of Ancient Near East, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 8 Pollock Susan, 1999: Ancient Mesopotamia : The Eden that never was, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 9 Possehl Gregory L, 2003: The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Vistar Publication , New Delhi 10 Postgate, J.N., 1992: Early Mesopotamia: Society and economy, Rutledge, London 11 Seton Lloyd, 1984: The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: From the Stone Age to Persian Conquest, Thames & Hudson Ltd. London. 12 Regine Schulz & MatthiasSeidel, 2004 : Egypt : The World of Pharaohs, Konemann, Konigswinter, Germany The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 3 CORE 15: Credit 3 Semester 6 AB6C16AY2N / AAH1601C15 Hours 45 Religion and Society in Ancient India - II

Objectives The overall objective of this course in part I and II is to make students aware of the role of religious thoughts and their significance in understanding the society in general. It emphasizes on understanding the origin and development of various religions within the Indian subcontinent. It also provides an opportunity to understand the impact of each religion on Indian society and how the society has undergone transformation with various religious influences. A proper understanding of religion and its contribution to societal formation allows students to assess the significance of human constructs and the process of thought. COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I Religious developments in the Puranic Period 15 hrs (a) Puranic Period (c. CE 300-1200) (b) Brahmanical revival (c) Social background and development of early a. b. Shaivism c. Saktism d. Smartism UNIT-II Puranic Religions and Society 18 hrs (a) Process of Sanskritisation a. acculturation and caste formation b. religion and the Varna frame work c. development of sub-castes (b) Sectarian forms, doctrines, rituals (c) Emergence of doctrines of Tantricism (d) Localisation of Cults; pilgrimages as a means of expanding links (e)Origins of UNIT-III Impact of Religions on Society 12 hrs (a) Emergence of Religious Philosophy (b) Symbiosis of religion with architecture, literature, sculpture: image worship, mythology, temple building (c) Religious movements and its relation with urbanisation, expanding trade networks and impact on social structures (d) Brief review of other religious developments: Islam, Christianity Activities Seminar/Discussion/Presentation/Assignments

REFERENCES 1 Bhandarkar, R.G. 1965. Vaishnavism, Saivism and Minor Religious Systems: Varanasi 2 Bhattacharya, N.N. 1982. History of the Tantric Religion. A Historic, Ritualistic andPhilosophical Study. Delhi 3 Bhattacharya, N.N. 1989. Medieval Bhakti Movements in India. Delhi. 4 Bhattacharya, N.N. 1996. Ancient Indian Rituals and their Social Content. Delhi. 5 Chakravarti, M. The Concept of Rudra Siva Through the Ages. 6 Chatterjee, S.C. & D.M. Dutta. 1960. An Introduction to Indian Philosophy. Calcutta. 7 Chattopadhyaya, B.D. 1994. The Making of Early . Delhi. 8 Chattopadhyaya, S. Theistic Sects in Ancient India 9 Courtright, P.B. 1985. Ganesa. Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings. New York. 10 Dasgupta, S.N. 1952-55. A History of Indian Philosophy 11 Gonda, J. 1969. Aspects of Early Vaishnavism. Delhi. 12 Jaiswal, S. 1981. The Origin and Development of Vaishnavism. Delhi 13 Jaiswal, S. 2000. Caste, Origin, Function and Dimensions of Change. Delhi. 14 Marshall, J. 1931. Mohenjodaro and the Indus Civilisation. London. 15 Sharma, R.S. 1983. Material Culture and Social Formations in Ancient India The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 3 CORE 16: Credit 3 Semester 6 AB6C17AY2N / AAH1602C16 Hours 45 Political and Cultural History of Southeast Asia - II

Objectives The primary aim of this course is to apprise students of the spread of ancient Indian cultural ethos in Southeast Asia. In the 1st part, it provides a summary of Ancient India’s influence in the Political and cultural history of in Thailand, Indonesian Islands, and further east in Cambodia and Laos. It discusses the archaeological and historical evidence illustrating India’s influence in the early historic and early medieval periods. COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I 10 hrs Political background of the South East Asia before the rise of Kamuja The History and Culture of Kambuja (Cambodia). Fu-nan – the Earliest Hindu Kingdom. The Kingdom of Kambuja. UNIT-II 12 hrs The Rise of Angkor. The Kambuja Empire – The Dynasty of Indravarman, Suryavarman I and II and Jayavarman VII. Downfall of Kambuja Empire. The Hindu Culture in Kambuja Society – Literature, Religion, Art and Architecture. UNIT-III 11 hrs The History and Culture of Burma and Thailand. The Early Hindu Kingdoms in Burma – Ramannadesha, Shrikshetra, Tamrapattana

UNIT-IV 12 hrs Rise and Downfall of Arimardanpura Empire. The Hindu Culture in Burma. Hindu Rule in Thailand (Siam). Hindu Culture in Thailand

Activities Seminar/discussion/presentation REFERENCES 1 R.C. Majumdar Kambuja Desa. Madras, 1944. 2 R.C. Majumdar The Classical Age. History and Culture of Indian People. Vol. III, Chapter XXIV – Colonial and Cultural Expansion in South East Asia. Bombay, 1954. Pp.631-43. 3 S.N. Sen Ancient Indian History and Civilization. Calcutta, 1988. 4 B.R. Chatterjee Indian Cultural Influence in Cambodia. Calcutta, 1928 5 H.G.Q. Wales The Making of Greater India. London, 1951. 6 H.B. Sarkar Literary Heritage of South-East Asia. 1980. 7 K. Nag Discovery of Asia. Calcutta, 1957. The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 3 CORE 17: Credit 3 Semester 6 AB6C18AY0N / AAH1603C17 Hours 45 Indus and Post-Indus Cultures

Objectives This course aims at introducing proto-historic cultural developments as a cultural continuum to the Stone Age prehistory. It deals with the origin and development of the Indus valley civilization and other Chalcolithic cultures in Western and Central India. This is followed by the proto-historic Iran Age cultural developments in the Gangetic valley and the Megalithic burials of peninsular India and their importance in understanding the spread of Iron technology in the south. COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I 16 hrs (i) Indus Valley Civilization Introduction and origins, pre-Indus sites, town planning, arts & crafts, technology, trade, script, religion, burials, agriculture, major sites, chronology and conclusion UNIT-II 5 hrs (i) Copper Hoard Culture and O.C.P. (ii) Banas Chalcolithic Culture (iii) Malwa Chalcolithic Culture (iv) Deccan Chalcolithic Culture All topics include major sites, settlement pattern, material remains and Chronology. UNIT-III 12 hrs (i)Iron Age – Introduction Introduction to Iron, references to vedic literature, social, political and religious institutions, development of cities and states, area of attraction and development of classical, historical India (ii)Painted Grey Ware Culture (iii)N. B. P. Ware Culture Archaeological studies of the material remains of Iron Age, site spread and their chronology and their connections with Ancient Indian History. UNIT-IV 5 hrs Megalithic Culture Activities Practical observation and handling of Archaeological material remains. remains. Visit to the field to attend excavation. Presentation by students and Discussion REFERENCES 1 R.E.M.WheelerThe Indus Civilization, 1968 2 R.E.M.WheelerEarly India and Pakistan, 1959 3 W.A.Fairservis Jr.The Roots of Ancient India, 1975 4 G.L.Possehl Harappan Civilization, 1982 5 B.B.Lal, S.P.GuptaFrontiers of the Indus Civilization, 1984 6 S.R.RaoLothal and Indus Civilization, 1983 7 S.R.RaoLothal- A Harappan Port Town, 1955-62, Memoir of theArchaeological Survey of India 78(II), 1985 8 G.L.Possehl Indus Civilization in Saurashtra, 1980 9 V.N.Misra (ed.)The Eastern Anthropologist, Vol. 45, Nos. 1-12 (Indus CivilizationSpecial Number), 1992 10 B.B.LalThe earliest Civilization of South Asia, 1979 11 M.K.DhavalikarCultural Imperialism: Indus Civilization in , 1995 12 N.R.BanerjeeThe Iron Age in India, 1965 13 R.C.Gaur (ed.)Painted Grey Ware, 14 M.D.N.SahiAspects of Indian Archaeology, 1994 15 A.SundaraThe Early Chamber Tombs of South India, 1975 16 K.P.RaoDeccan Megaliths, 1988 17 B.R.Allchin and D.K.Chakrabarti A Source Book on Indian Archaeology, 1979 18 D.P.Agarwal and D.K.Chakrabarti (ed.) Essays in Protohistory, 1979 19 H. D. Sankalia Prehistory and Protohistory of India and Pakistan 20 Allchin & Allchin The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakisthan, 1974 21 D.P. Agawal The Archaeology of India, 1982 The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 3 CORE 18: Credit 3 Semester 6 AB6C19AY2N / AAH1604C18 Hours 45 Indian Architecture and Art - II

Objectives The main aim of this course is to make students acquainted with the major forms of Art and Architectural heritage of Ancient India. In the 2nd part, it traces the origin and development of early temples and evolution of temple architectural styles in different regions in the medieval period. The course also deals with ancient Indian paintings and its heritage. It further deals with ancient Indian coins as a major archaeological source. COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I Introduction to temple Architecture 18 hrs (a) Evolution of the Hindu Temples (b) Different Schools of Temple Architecture – Nagara, Vesara, Dravida etc. Development of regional styles of temples in India (a) Gupta (b) Chandela (c) Orissa UNIT-II 17 hrs Early Chalukyan Temples – Structural and Rock Cut – Caves of Badami, Temples of Aihole and Pattadakkal Salient features of Temples: Hoysala, Pallava, Chola and Pandya

UNIT-III Early Indian Paintings 10 hrs (a) Major phases of development of early Indian paintings (b) Paintings in Ajanta, Bagh, Badami, Sittanvasal Activities Presentations, monument visits and discussion REFERENCES 1 Agrawala, V. S. 1965. Masterpieces of Mathura sculpture. Varanasi: Prithvi Prakashan 2 Brown, Percy. 1960. Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu). Bombay: D. B. Taraporewala 3 Coomaraswamy, A. K. 1972. History of Indian and Indonesian Art. (Reprint) Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal. 4 Hallade, M. 1968. Gandhara Style and the Evolution of Buddhist Art. London: Thames and Hudson. 5 Havell, E. 1980. Indian Sculpture. London: John Murray 6 Knox, Robert. 1992. Amravati: Buddhist Sculpture from the great Stupa. London: British Museum 7 Kramarisch, Stella 1986. The Hindu Temple (2 vols) (reprint). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas. 8 Kramarisch, Stella 1965. The Art of India. London: Phaidon Press. 9 Krishna Deva, Temples of India, Vol I and II 10 Meister, M.W. and Dhaky, M.A. 1983/1988. Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architectures (2 vols.) Delhi: Oxford University Press. 11 Nehru, Lolita. 1989. Origins of Gandhara Style: A Study of Contributory Influences. Delhi: Oxford University Press. 12 Ray, Nihar-Ranjan. 1975. Maurya and Post-Mauryan Art. New Delhi: Indian Council for Historical Research 13 Rea, Alexander. 1970. Pallava Architecture. Varanasi: Indological Book House. 14 Rowland, Benjamin. 1953. The Art and Architecture of India: Hindu, Bhuddhist and Jain. London: Penguin Books. 15 Sarkar, H. 1966. Studies in the Early Buddhist Architecture of India. Delhi: Munshiramm Manoharlal The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 3 CORE 19: Credit 3 Semester 6 AB6C20AY2N / AAH1605C19 Hours 45 Monuments of Gujarat - II

Objectives The second part of this course provides historical and cultural background of major water monuments of Gujarat starting from the Harappan times to the Medieval periods. It also provides a detailed study of step-wells of Gujarat followed by fort architecture and Islamic monuments of the medieval periods COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I Water Monuments of Gujarat 12 hrs 1. Water structures and the Indus Civilization 2. Water structures of the Early Historic and Later 3. Kunda/Tank architecture and types of Kunda. 4. Examples of Kunda/Tanks: Sudarshana at Junagarh, Sahasralinga at Patan, Mansar at Viramgam, Melav at , Tank at Jinjuvada and Khan Sarovar at Patan. UNIT-II Step wells 10 hrs Types of Step wells, specific features – Nanda, Vijaya, Amritvarshini, and Bhramani types Important examples of each step wells. UNIT-III Fort Architecture 12 hrs Historical backdrop and types of forts Examples of different forts Pavagarh, Junagarh, Patan, , Jhinjuwada, , Ahmedabad etc. Wooden Architecture: General features, important components Surviving examples from Patan, Ahmedabad, Baroda UNIT-IV Medieval Islamic Architecture 11 hrs Introduction of Islam and Islamic architecture in India Mosques: General features and architectural components - Examples of ancient mosques from Patan, Ahmedabad, - Champaner, Cambay, etc. Makbaras and Rozas: Architectural features Examples from Patan, Dholka, Ahmedabad, Cambay, Baroda Activities Visit to step wells and other architectural remains such as Dabhoi fort, Champanermosque, etc. in and around Baroda- presentations by students REFERENCES 1 James Burgess 1971 On the Muhammedan Architecture of Bharoch, Cambay, Dholka, Champanir and Mahmudabad in Gujarat, Archaeological Survey of Western India, Vol.VI. 2 James Burgess 1905 The Muhammedan Architecture of Ahmedabad, Part I &II, Archaeological Survey of Western India, Vol. VII & VIII, 1900 & 1905. 3 Jutta Jain-Neubauer 1981 The Step-wells of Gujarat. 4 Kirit Mankodi 1981 The Queens Stepwell at Patan, Journal of the Oriental Institute, Vol. XVIII Journal of the Oriental Institute, Vol. XXII 5 Majumdar, M.R 1960 Chronology of Gujarat The M. S. University publication 6 Majumdar, M.R.Gujarat- It’s Art and Heritage, 7 Masani R.P. 1981 Folklore of Wells. 8 Misra, S.C. 1963.The Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat: A History of Gujarat From 1298 to 1442, Asia Publishing House New Delhi. 9 Motichandra 1948 Jain Miniature Paintings from Western India. 10 Nootan Trivedi 1998 Architectural Wood Carving in Baroda, Unpublished dissertation submitted to the department of Archaeology, M.S.University ofBaroda for M.A.Degree 11 Sidney Toy 1957 The Strongholds of India. 12 Sidney Toy 1965 The Fortified Cities of India. 13 Singh, A.P. 1987 Forts and Fortifications of India. The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 3 CORE 20: Credit 3 Semester 6 AB6C21AY2N /AAH1606C20 Hours 45 Cities of Ancient Civilization – II

Objectives The primary objective of this course is to apprise students of the development of early urban centres in Egypt, Mesopotamia and India. The second part of the course on Ancient Cities deals with social and economic order dominant in the three centres. It provides details of craft production and trade that supported the prevailing economic setup in all the three centres of civilization. A study of monumental architecture is also part of this course as it helps to appreciate the role of economic investment in social sectors in the urban growth. COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I Social and Economic Order 12 hrs (i) People and their Profession (ii) Crops, Live Stock (iii) Trade UNIT-II Socio-Religious Institutions 7 hrs (i) Household and Family (ii) Society and Social norms (iii) Religion (iv)Household Gods & Goddesses UNIT-III Features of Urbanism: Monumental Architecture 14 hrs (i) Ziggurats & Palaces of Mesopotamia (ii) Pyramids and Temples and Palaces of Egypt (iii)Great Bath, Granary and Assembly hall of Indus

UNIT-IV Technology & Different Craft 12 hrs (i) Sculptures – Stone & Metal (ii) Glyptic & Ceramic Art (iii) Lapidary Art & Jewellary (iv)Decline of the Civilizations: Cultural Death/Transformation Activities Presentations, Tutorials, discussion. REFERENCES 1 Agrawal, D.P., & J.S. Kharakwal, 2003: Bronze and Iron Age in South Asia, Aryan Books International, New Delhi. 2 Brewer Douglas, J, and T, Emily, 1999: Egypt and Egyptian, Cambridge University Press , London 3 Chatterjee Lakshmi, 2005: Heritage of Harappa, Global Vision Publishing, New Delhi 4 Child Gordon, 1957: The Bronze Age Past and Present, London 5 Kenyor, J.M., 1998: Ancient Cities of the Indus Civilization, 6 Nandagopal Choondamani, 2006: Arts & Crafts of Indus Civilization (Provincial Art) , Aryan Books International, New Delhi 7 Nissen,H.J., 1988 : The Early History of Ancient Near East, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 8 Pollock Susan, 1999: Ancient Mesopotamia : The Eden that never was, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 9 Possehl Gregory L, 2003: The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Vistar Publication , New Delhi 10 Postgate, J.N., 1992: Early Mesopotamia: Society and economy, Rutledge, London 11 Oakes Lorna &Lucia Gahlin, 2006: Ancient Egypt: An Illustrated Reference to the Myths, Religions, 12 Pyramids & Temples of the Land of Pharohs, Anness Publishing House, London 13 Seton Lloyd, 1984: The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: From the Stone Age to Persian Conquest, Thames & Hudson Ltd. London. 14 Regine Schulz & MatthiasSeidel, 2004 : Egypt : The World of Pharaohs, Konemann, Konigswinter, Germany. The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Arts Academic Year Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017 Vadodara, India 390002

Bachelor of Arts: Regular YEAR 1 Foundation 07: Credit 3 Semester 2 AB2F07AY0N / AAH1204F07 Hours 45 Ancient Indian Culture and Heritage

Objectives A sound knowledge of Cultural Heritage of India is essential for every individual of this country to appreciate our cultural ethos and national character. The main objective of this course is to impart knowledge about Indian culture and its heritage of our country. It is also aimed to acquainting learners with the contributions of our ancestors in the areas of arts, architecture, music, science and philosophy. COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS UNIT-I Culture: Meaning and Components 10 hrs Definition, Concept and Characteristics of culture; Tangible and Intangible components of Culture and Heritage. Evolution of culture – Hunting gathering to Civilization Meaning of Civilization, Differences in Culture, Civilization and Heritage UNIT-II Features of Indian Culture/Civilization 10 hrs Features of Indian Culture- Spirituality, Universality, Unity in diversity Basic understanding of Indus Civilization and Vedic Culture Ancient Indian Philosophical thoughts and their contribution: Vedic and post Vedic UNIT-III Heritage 10 hrs Definition, Scope, Tangible (Monuments of National importance, World Heritage Monuments of India, Provisions for Heritage Conservation in India) and Intangible Heritage(traditions, rites, rituals, legends, folklore etc.) UNIT-IV Art Heritage 10 hrs Concept of Art, Role of Art in Indian Culture, Visual Art - Rock art, Painting on Ceramics, Mural painting at Ajanta and Bagh. Tribal paintings, Ancient Indian sculptural art: Indus period to the Gupta

UNIT -V 05 hrs Field Visits/ Workshop REFERENCES 1 Agrawal, V.S. 1984. The Heritage of Indian Art: A Pictorial Presentation 2 Allchin B, Allchin F.R. &B.K.Thapar(Edts.) . 1989 Conservation of Indian Heritage. Cosmo Publication New Delhi. 3 Balsar, Kernel. The Concept of Common Heritage of Mankind 4 Basham, A. L. 1985 : The Wonder that was India 5 Brown,Percy 1965. Indian Paintings, Taporevala 6 Gosh,A . 1989. Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage. Agam Kala. New Delhi. 7 Gosh,A. 1967. Ajanta Murals. Archaeological Survey of India. New Delhi. 8 Harison, Richard (Ed) manual of Heritage Management, Butter Worth Heineman 9 Kramerisch, Stella. 1933. Indian Sculpture:The Heritage of India(series). YMCA Publishing House, Calcutta. 10 Majumdar, R.C. (ed). 1996 The History and Culture of Indian People- Bhartiya Vidhya Bhavans Series, Vol. I , Bombay 11 Majumdar, R.C. (ed). 1980 The History and Culture of Indian People- Bhartiya Vidhya Bhavans Series, Vol. II , Bombay 12 Majumdar, R.C. (ed). 1954 The History and Culture of Indian People- Bhartiya Vidhya Bhavans Series, Vol. III , Bombay 13 Robert, Pockard. Policy of Law in Heritage Conservation 14 Saxena, Jyotsna 1988. Early Indian Paintings in Literature. Bharatiya Kala Prakashan Delhi. 15 Vatsyan, Kapila, 1992. Indiaan Classical Dances. Publication Dvision, New Delhi