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'A Study of Tourism in Gujarat: a Geographical Perspective' ‘A Study of Tourism in Gujarat: A Geographical Perspective” CHAPTER-2 GEOGRAPHICAL PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA ‘A Study of Tourism in Gujarat: A Geographical Perspective’ 2.1 GUJARAT : AN INTRODUCTION Gujarat has a long historical and cultural tradition dating back to the days of the Harappan civilization established by relics found at Lothal(Figure-1).It is also called as the “Jewel of the West”, is the westernmost state of India(Figure-2). The name “Gujarat” itself suggests that it is the land of Gurjars, which derives its name from ‘Gujaratta’ or ‘Gujaratra’ that is the land protected by or ruled by Gurjars. Gurjars were a migrant tribe who came to India in the wake of the invading Huna’s in the 5th century. The History of Gujarat dates back to 2000 BC. Some derive it from ‘Gurjar-Rashtra’ that is the country inhabited by Gurjars. Al-Beruni has referred to this region as ‘Gujratt’. According to N.B. Divetia the original name of the state was Gujarat & the above- mentioned name are the Prakrit& Sanskrit forms respectively. The name GUJARAT, which is formed by adding suffix ‘AT’ to the word ‘Gurjar’ as in the case of Vakilat etc. There are many opinions regarding the arrivals of Gurjars, two of them are, according to an old clan, they inhabited the area during the Mahabharat period and another opined that they belonged to Central Asia and came to India during the first century. The Gurjars passed through the Punjab and settled in some parts of Western India, which came to be known as Gujarat.Gujarat was also inhabited by the citizens of the Indus Valley and Harappan civilizations. This was fortified by the excavations at Lothal and Dholavira. The signs of civilization in the Gujarat region dated back to the period from 3000 to 1500 BC. In the 3rd century BC under King Ashoka, the region was part of the Mauryan Empire. The state saw various kingdoms like Mauryas, Guptas, Pratiharasetc, but it was under the regime of Chalukyas (Solanki) when Gujarat witnesses progress and prosperity. Inspite of the plundering of Muhammad Ghazni, the Chalukyan kings were able to maintain general prosperity and well being of the state. After this glorious respite, Gujarat faced troubled times under the Muslims, Marathas and the British rules.In 1818 AD, the British East India Company took control of Gujarat by administering the state through local princely rulers. With the independence of India in 1947, Gujarat became part of the state of Bombay. On 1st May 1960, Bombay state was split and Gujarat was formed from the northern and western portions, which were predominantly Gujarati- speaking areas. The remainder of Bombay state became the state of Maharashtra. According to the census 2011, the state currently has 26 districts and 225 sub districts encompassing 18,225 villages and 348 towns. 28 ‘A Study of Tourism in Gujarat: A Geographical Perspective’ Figure 1:(The map showing early expansion of Indus Valley Civilization)1 The word ‘Gujarat’ gained currency during the Chaulukya period (942-1299 A.D.). Before this period parts of Gujarat were known as Anarta, Lata and Saurashtra. North Gujarat from Abu up to Sabarmati River was known as Anarta. Latawas the region between Narmada and Tapi and generally the whole southern Gujarat was known as Lata. When the Muslim rule extended to southern Gujarat, the word Lata ceased to be used. Kathiawar Peninsula was known as ‘Surastra’ and now it is called as Saurashtra. Because of the predominance of Kathi tribes who opposed Marathas, they gave the name Kathiawar to this peninsula. The whole mainland of Gujarat was known by this name from thirteenth (13th) century onwards2. Gandhinagar, the capital of Gujarat, lies on the banks of the Sabarmati River, north of the former capital of Ahmedabad. Laid out in 30 residential sectors, in an ordered style influenced by the work of Le Corbusier, who designed Chandigarh, its near- symmetrical numbered streets are wide and strangely quiet, lined with a total of 16 lakh trees. An expressway connects Gandhinagar with Ahmedabad.Gujarat is the birthplace of many who played an important role in shaping modern India. Prominent among them are ShriDadabhoyNavroji, the grand old man of the freedom fight, SardarVallabhbhai Patel, 1 The Map has been taken from an article published on website by Anil Mulchandani on the topic, “The Indus Valley Civilization at Lothal. 2 ‘GujaratnoRajakiya and SanskriticItihas’, Vol.I. (1972), pp. 253-256, 274, 279-283. 29 ‘A Study of Tourism in Gujarat: A Geographical Perspective’ an ‘Iron Man’ & the architect of a united India and Mahatma Gandhi, the father of the Nation. These men carried the torch of national freedom and integration by infusing the qualities of tolerance, brotherhood, non-violence and patriotism (Jingoism) amongst Indians. The Gujarat is one of the most prosperous states in the country, and considered to be the most financially secure communities. In India and abroad, Gujarati’s with their indomitable spirit have reputed among the world's premier business communities.One can see the hardworking Gujarati’s operating hotels and motels in California, running stores in Australia and New Zealand and newspaper kiosks in England & also engaged in various jobs in USA and Canada. The most distinguished son of Gujarat was Mahatma Gandhi who won for India its independence through non-violence movement. The Gujarat is not a popular tourist destination for national & international tourists. Although it is easy to travel to Gujarat during trips to Mumbai or Rajasthan, few people pause to explore this very interesting part of India. Gujarat has the longest coastline in India,stretching 1600 km, is dotted with 9 ports (including 1 international & 8 domestic). In spite of possessing a variety of tourist attractions, state has not been able to accelerate the pace of tourism in comparison to other states. In 1991, the state did declare a tourism policy but it did not elicit adequate response from the private sector since the policy contained only a handful of benefits while the implementation was tardy (belated) due to legal and administrative constraints. This was at a time when the Government of India had already declared tourism as an industry and a large number of states had followed suit. This enabled the tourism industry to avail of incentives, reliefs & benefits available to the industry in those states. Figure 2-Geographical Location of Gujarat in the world map 30 ‘A Study of Tourism in Gujarat: A Geographical Perspective’ Map-1: The Map Showing position of Gujarat amongits Neighbouring States of India 2.2 ADMINISTRATIVE SETUP OF GUJARAT STATE After acquirement of independence in 1947, the Indian National Congress party (INC) ruled the Bombay State (which included present-day Gujarat and Maharashtra).Gujarat was created out of 17 northern districts of former State of Bombay on 1st May 1960. Like any other states of India, Gujarat is divided into districts. According to census 2011, report, It has total of 26 revenue districts, of which 13, Kutch, Rajkot, Jamnagar, Junagadh, Porbandar, Amreli, Bhavnagar, Anand, Kheda, Bharuch, Surat, Valsad and Navsari(Table-1, Map-2) are the coastal districts and Gandhinagaris as its capital. The state is divided into 225 Talukas(Map-3), 348 Towns and 18270 villages (census 2011). The State has an international boundary and has a common border with the Pakistan at the north-western fringe. The two deserts, one north of Kutch and other between Kutch and mainland Gujarat are saline wastes. The Government of Gujarat has banned alcohol since 1960 looking to the security of its population. Gujarat government bagged the Best State Award for ‘Citizen Security’ by IBN-7 Diamond States on 24 December 2012 (information from Wikipedia). 31 ‘A Study of Tourism in Gujarat: A Geographical Perspective’ Table-1 Districts of Gujarat Sr. Sr. District Districts Sr. No. Districts Sr. No. Districts No. No. s 1 Ahmedabad 8 Amreli 15 Dahod 22 Dangs 2 Bharuch 9 Bhavnagar 16 Junagadh 23 Kutch 3 Gandhinagar 10 Jamnagar 17 Narmada 24 Navsari 4 Kheda 11 Mahesana 18 Porbandar 25 Rajkot 5 Panchmahal 12 Patan 19 Surendranagar 26 Tapi3 6 Sabarkantha 13 Surat 20 Valsad 7 Vadodara 14 Anand 21 Banaskantha Table-2 Some facts about Gujarat Anthem Jay JayGarvi Gujarat Fruit Mango Tree Banyan Bird Greater Flamingo Land animal Asiatic Lion Flower Marigold 3 For Study purpose the district Tapi has been included in Surat district, so, no separate boundary is shown in Gujarat Maps. 32 ‘A Study of Tourism in Gujarat: A Geographical Perspective’ Map 2: Administrative divisions (district wise) of Gujarat States 33 ‘A Study of Tourism in Gujarat: A Geographical Perspective’ Map-3 Administrative divisions (Taluka wise) of the state of Gujarat 34 ‘A Study of Tourism in Gujarat: A Geographical Perspective’ 2.3 GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING OF THE STUDY AREA The State of Gujarat is situated on the west coast of the Indian Peninsula. It is extended between 20º 02’ N and 24º 39’ N latitudes, and 68º 10’ E and 74º 37’ E4 longitudes. Its establishment as a State of the Indian Union completed on 1st May, 1960, after separation of Bombay into Gujarat and Maharashtra with occupied area is 196,024 square km. The best time to visit the state is October through March. The state is further divided into 26 sub- regions (Districts) for administrative purpose. The state is the sixth largest economy in the country. Relatively, the State is bounded in the west by the Arabian Sea, on the north-west by Sindh (Pakistan), by Rajasthan on the north & north-east by Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra (Map-1)on the east and by Nasik district on the south, by ‘Konkan’ (Maharashtra) on the south east & Union territories of Diu, Daman, Dadra and Nagar Haveli to the south.
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