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Andrzej Kuśniewicz' Synkretistische Romanpoetik

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Andrzej Kuśniewicz' Synkretistische Romanpoetik Slavistische Beiträge ∙ Band 227 (eBook - Digi20-Retro) Hans-Peter Hoelscher-Obermaier Andrzej Kuśniewicz' synkretistische Romanpoetik Verlag Otto Sagner München ∙ Berlin ∙ Washington D.C. Digitalisiert im Rahmen der Kooperation mit dem DFG-Projekt „Digi20“ der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek, München. OCR-Bearbeitung und Erstellung des eBooks durch den Verlag Otto Sagner: http://verlag.kubon-sagner.de © bei Verlag Otto Sagner. Eine Verwertung oder Weitergabe der Texte und Abbildungen, insbesondere durch Vervielfältigung, ist ohne vorherige schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages unzulässig. «Verlag Otto Sagner» ist ein Imprint der Kubon & SagnerHans-Peter GmbH .Hoelscher-Obermaier - 9783954792139 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:04:46AM via free access 00050439 S l a v is t ic h e B eiträge BEGRÜNDET VON ALOIS SCHMAUS HERAUSGEGEBEN VON HEINRICH KUNSTMANN PETER REHDER■JOSEF SCHRENK REDAKTION PETER REHDER Band 227 VERLAG OTTO SAGNER MÜNCHEN Hans-Peter Hoelscher-Obermaier - 9783954792139 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:04:46AM via free access HANS-PETER HOELSCHER-OBERMAIER ANDRZEJ KUŚNIEWICZ’ SYNKRETISTISCHE ROMANPOETIK VERLAG OTTO SAGNER • MÜNCHEN 1988 Hans-Peter Hoelscher-Obermaier - 9783954792139 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:04:46AM via free access 00050439 Meinen Eltern Bayer lech• Staatsbibliothek München ISBN 3-87690-396-3 © Verlag Otto Sagner, München 1988 Abteilung der Firma Kubon & Sagner, München Hans-Peter Hoelscher-Obermaier - 9783954792139 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:04:46AM via free access 00050439 Vorbemerkung Die vorliegende Untersuchung wurde von der Philosophischen Fakultät für Altertumskunde und Kulturwissenschaften der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat München im Wintersemester 1987/88 als Dissertation angenommen. Ihr Entstehen verdankt sie vor allem der - noch im Ruhestand - tatkräftigen Unter- Stützung durch Herrn Prof. Dr. H. Kunstmann, der meine polonistischen Studien stets selbstlos gefördert hat. Mein Dank gilt auch Frau Prof. Dr. W. Schmid und Herrn Prof. Dr. P. R e h d e r für die freundliche Übernahme der Korre- ferate. Herr A. Kuéniewicz hat das Entstehen dieser Arbeit über seine Romane mit großem Interesse verfolgt und mir mit vielen wertvollen Informationen weitergeholfen ; Auszüge aus seinen Briefen finden sich im Dokumentarischen Anhang (Kapi- tel 6). Für sachdienliche Hinweise danke ich weiterhin Herrn Prof. Dr. W. Schamschula sowie Herrn Prof. Dr. J.-Í/. Peters, die während meiner vierjährigen Assistentenzeit an der Universität Bamberg immer Rücksicht auf den Fortgang der Arbeit genommen haben, außerdem Frau D. Olszewski, Herrn Dr. A. Lawa ty und nicht zuletzt Herrn Dr. habil. W. Koschmal. Schließlich gilt mein Dank den Mitarbeitern der i/niver- si Cats- und der Staatsbibliothek Bamberg für ihre Geduld bei der nicht immer einfachen Literaturbeschaffung. Darmstadt, März 1988 Hans-Pete r Hoelscher-Obermaier Hans-Peter Hoelscher-Obermaier - 9783954792139 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:04:46AM via free access 00050439 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung 9 1.1. Andrzej Kuśniewicz - ein biographischer Abriß 10 1.2. Forschungsstand und Problemstellung 14 2. Zum Aufbau literarischer Erzähltexte 17 2.1. Die drei Schichten des literarischen Werkes 17 2.2. Die Ebenen der thematischen Schicht von Erzählwerken 22 2.2.1. Die Konstitution historischer und literarischer Erzähltexte im Vergleich 22 2.2.2. Die Ebene des ,Geschehens* 26 2.2.3. Die Ebene der 1Geschichte' 27 2.3.4. Die Ebene der *Erzählung* 31 2.3. Die Instanzen des literarischen Erzählwerkes 34 2.3.1. Senderinstanzen 35 2.3.2. Erzählerwahrnehmbarkeit und Erzählweisen 35 2.3.3. Haupt- und Nebenerzähler 38 2.3.4. Erzählform und Typen der Ich-Erzählung 39 2.3.5. Empfängerinstanzen 42 2.3.6. Erzählperspektiven 43 2.4. Die ,symbolische Dimension' des literarischen Werkes 47 3. Andrzej Kuśniewicz' frühe Romane 49 51 ״Korupcja" . 3.1 3.1.1. Schwache Erzählerwahrnehmbarkeit 52 3.1.2. Dominanz der Nebenerzähler und der personalen Erzählhaltung des Haupterzählers 58 3.1.3. Erkenntnisskepsis und Subjektivität 61 3.1.4. Vier poli tisch-ideologisch-moralische Grundpositionen 65 3.1.5. Umfassender Relativismus 68 Hans-Peter Hoelscher-Obermaier - 9783954792139 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:04:46AM via free access כ0050439 - 7 - 3.2. "Eroica"............................................. .70 3.2.1. Schwache Erzählerwahrnehmbarkeit.................. .70 3.2.2. Dominanz der Nebenerzähler und der personalen Erzählhaltung des Haupterzählers............... .73 3.2.3. Subjektivität, Erkenntnisskepsis, Relativismus.... 74 3.2.4. Drei Wege zur Kollaboration........................ .75 3.2.5. Der Werdegang eines Kriegsverbrechers............. .78 3.2.6. Äquivalenzen und Oppositionen innerhalb der Figurenkonstellation............................ .82 3.2.7. Objektivierende Gestaltung und implizite Autorenwertung................................... .88 3.2.8. "Korupcja" und "Eroica" als Varianten des ' Erinnerungsmonologs'........................... .92 3.3. "W drodze do Koryntu"................................98 3.3.1. Deutliche Erzählerwahrnehmbarkeit bei vage gehaltener Erzählsituation...................... .98 3.3.2. Eros, Macht und Familientradition................. .101 3.3.3. Erinnerung und Werkgestaltung...................... .104 3.3.4. Phantasie und Werkgestaltung....................... .106 3.3.5. Symbolik und Werkgestaltung........................ .111 3.3.6. Gattungssynthese.................................... .116 3.3.7. "W drodze do Koryntu" als kreative Variante der *autobiographischen Erzählung'............. .120 3.4. "Strefy"............................................. .123 3.4.1. Die Hauptfigur als Wahrnehmungszentrum polnischer Geschichte........................... .123 3.4.2. Mehrfach gebrochene Wahrnehmung.....................130 3.4.3. Der 'interkontinentale Dialog* als Montage des kreativen Haupterzählers.....................133 3.4.4. Der verschwommene Status des Haupterzählers...... .138 3.4.5. Erinnerung und Werkgestaltung...................... .143 3.4.6. Phantasie und Werkgestaltung....................... .145 3.4.7. Symbolik und Werkgestaltung........................ .148 3.4.8. Literarische Bezugnahmen........................... .157 3.4.9. Die "Strefy" als variable und kreative ' Mischformerzählung'............................ .161 Hans-Peter Hoelscher-Obermaier - 9783954792139 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:04:46AM via free access 00050439 % - 8 - 4. Grundelemente Kuśniewiczscher Romanpoetik......... .166 4.1. Neutralisierung der Erzählformopposition.......... .167 4.1.1. Dominanz der Ich-Erzählung.......................... .167 4.1.2. Explizite Mischung der Grundformen................. .170 4.1.3. Deformation der Er-Erzählung.........................175 4.2. Neutralisierung der Erzähler typen.................. .178 4.2.1. Deutlich wahrnehmbare Haupterzähler.................179 4.2.2. Das Prinzip Erinnerung.............................. .186 4.2.3. Phantasie und Kreativität........................... .189 4.2.4. Souveräner Ich- und eingeschränkter Er-Erzähler. 191 4.3. Umfassender Relativismus............................ .194 4.4. Umfassende Symbolisierung........................... .201 5. Synkretismus als Prinzip............................ .213 6. Dokumentarischer Anhang............................. .218 7. Literaturverzeichnis.................................222 7.1. Andrzej Kuśniewicz* Romane, Lyrik- und Essaybände. 222 7.2. Zitierte Artikel und Enqueteaussagen von Andrzej Kuśniewicz............................... .222 7.3. Zitierte Interviews und Diskussionen mit Kuśniewicz........................................ .223 7.4. Zitierte Literatur zu Andrzej Kuśniewicz.......... .225 7.5. Weitere zitierte Literatur.......................... .235 8. Register.............................................. .243 8.1. Andrzej Kuśniewicz' Romane, Lyrik- und Essaybände. 243 8.2. Personen.............................................. .244 Hans-Peter Hoelscher-Obermaier - 9783954792139 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:04:46AM via free access 0050439■־< 1. Einleitung Es ist keine Übertreibung, wenn Wacław Sadkowski in einer Wer- bebroschüre der Warschauer Autorenagentur schreibt, Andrzej Ku- śniewicz sei einer von Polens hervorragendsten modernen Prosa- schriftstellern ("one of Poland's most outstanding modern prose writers"; 1974:5)1. Schon 1971, nach dem Erscheinen von nur vier seiner bisher elf Romane, hatte ihn Jan Brzękowski für den n•- ben Gombrowicz wohl besten und interessantesten polnischen Pro- saiker in der Nachkriegszeit ("chyba najlepszym i najciekawszym obok Gombrowicza, prozaikiem polskim w okresie powojennym"; 1971:36) gehalten. Für Barbara Kazimierczyk gehört sein Schaf- fen zu den originellsten Erscheinungen ("jedno z najbardziej oryginalnych zjawisk"; 1982:5) der polnischen Literatur nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Ewa Kraskowska-Lange schließlich nennt ihn einen Klassiker; davon zeugten das Schicksal seiner Bücher, die Zahl der über sie geschriebenen Arbeiten, der Einfluß, den das Schaffen des Autors auf die jüngeren Prosaikergenerationen ausübt ("losy jego kolejnych książek, ilość prac napisanych na ich temat, wpływ, jaki twórczość autora wywiera na młodsze po- kolenia prozaików"; 1980:9). Und nicht zuletzt zeugt davon die Tatsache, daß Kuśniewicz bereits in ein Gymnasiallehrbuch zur Polnischen Gegenwartsliteratur ("Polska literatura współczesna" Matuszewski *1984:176-179) eingegangen ist. Nichtsdestoweniger betrachtet der Autor seine
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