sign in sign up
<<
Home , PAVE PAWS, Raytheon Company

Technology

HIGHLIGHTING RAYTHEON’S TECHNOLOGY Today

2009 ISSUE 1 Raytheon’s Culture of Innovation Providing Leading-EdgeLeading Edge Customer Solutions Feature

cantly greater than that of the current F/A-18 . With its open systems archi- tecture and compact, commercial-off-the- shelf (COTS) parts, it delivers dramatically increased capability in a smaller, lighter package. The array is composed of numer- ous solid-state transmit and receive mod- ules to virtually eliminate mechanical break- down. Other system components include an advanced receiver/exciter, ruggedized Raytheon’s COTS processor, and power supplies. Innovations in Sensor Systems X-Band Radar The nine-story-high XBR is the ’s This wealth of experience and portfolio of aytheon has a long history of applying largest X-band radar, weighing four million technologies enable Raytheon to provide and integrating innovations to pro- pounds. The sea-based X-band (SBX) plat- solutions that are scalable, affordable, Rduce world-class sensor solutions for form that it sits on stands more than 250 reliable and highly capable in response to our customers. One area where this is feet and displaces more than 50,000 tons. our customers’ operational needs. readily apparent is in our state-of-the-art It consists of a semi-submersible oil produc- systems. Today’s sensor systems have Four of Raytheon’s state-of-the-art complex tion platform, topped with the XBR. XBR is become more capable, affordable and sensor systems are described below: the primary payload on the semi-sub- reliable through an evolution fueled by con- mersible platform supporting the Ground- • AN/APG-79 AESA, which makes the U.S. stant and consistent innovation. For exam- Navy’s F/A-18 E/F Super Hornet more Based Midcourse Defense phase of the ple, systems such as the and lethal and less vulnerable Defense Agency Ballistic Missile Pave Paws radar systems were leading-edge • X-Band Radar, the largest, most sophisti- radar sensors when developed 30 years cated , electro-mechanically ago, and with 21st-century enhancements, steered X-band radar in the world these early-warning systems continue to • SPY-3, the U.S. Navy’s first shipboard play a key role in missile defense. active phased array multifunction radar • ARTEMIS, a sophisticated hyperspectral Numerous innovations are required to real- imaging sensor that was designed and ize each of these systems. During World built in less than 15 months War II, radar systems were enabled by inno- vations such as mass production of the AN/APG-79 AESA Radar System magnetron, which Raytheon pioneered in The AN/APG-79 AESA radar system is a sig- the 1940s. Future sensor systems will bene- nificant advance in airborne radar technolo- Defense System. SBX’s floating platform, a fit from some innovative new technologies: gy. Entirely new — from front-end array to modified oil-drilling vessel, was designed • (GaN), which will provide back-end processor and operational soft- for exceptional stability in high winds and radio frequency (RF) sensors with ware — the system substantially increases storms. Measuring 240 feet wide and 390 increased power and advanced capabili- the power of the U.S. Navy’s F/A-18 E/F feet long, the vessel includes a power plant, ties, where needed Super Hornet, making it more lethal and bridge and control rooms, living quarters, • Compound Materials on less vulnerable than ever before. Silicon (COSMOS) to achieve revolutionary storage areas, and enough floor space and semiconductor performance With its active electronic beam scanning, infrastructure to support the X-band radar. • Advanced electro-optical (EO)/infrared (IR) which allows the radar beam to be rapidly detection and imaging devices for appli- steered as it searches the surrounding air- The X-band radar itself, which sits on top of cations in the x-ray, visible, infrared, tera- space, the APG-79 optimizes situational the floating platform, is the largest, most hertz and millimeter-wave regions of the awareness and provides superior air-to-air sophisticated phased array, electro-mechan- electromagnetic spectrum and air-to-ground capability. The agile beam ically steered X-band radar in the world. It • Advanced materials and mechanical enables the radar’s air-to-air and air-to- consists of thousands of elements driven by structures that not only provide support ground modes to interleave in near-real transmit/receive (T/R) modules. In the X- and environmental protection, but also time, so that pilot and crew can use both band radar, they provide the full fire control remove heat, all while maintaining the modes simultaneously, an unprecedented sensor functions for the Ground-Based critical tolerances necessary for optimal performance technological leap. Midcourse Defense system, including • Supercomputing technologies that execute search, acquisition, tracking, discrimination advanced signal processing algorithms Now in flight test with the Navy, the APG-79 and kill assessment. • Systems that maintain the nanosecond demonstrates reliability, image resolution, timing tolerances required for success and targeting-and-tracking range signifi- Continued on page 8

RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGY TODAY 2009 ISSUE 1 7 Feature

Continued from page 7 SPY-3 uses three fixed-face arrays, each containing around 5,000 T/R elements. SPY-3 These elements are connected to T/R inte- The AN/SPY-3 Multi-Function Radar (MFR) is grated multi-channel modules, each of the U.S. Navy’s first shipboard active phased which drives eight elements. Individual array multifunction radar. It is an X-band modules are designed to slide into the array active phased array radar designed to meet structure and provide a high-conductivity all horizon search and fire control require- thermal path to the cooling-array manifold ments for the Navy in the 21st century. MFR without having any connection to the T/R is designed to detect the most advanced module itself. low-observable anti-ship cruise missile ARTEMIS baffle mirror assembly (ASCM) threats and support fire-control illu- ARTEMIS mination requirements for the Evolved Sea ARTEMIS is a sophisticated hyperspectral Force Base, N.M., the responsive space Sparrow Missile, Standard , and imaging sensor for the Operationally approach seeks to “assure space power future missiles that will be required to sup- Responsive Space Office’s flagship Tactical focused on timely satisfaction of Joint Force port engagement of the most stressing Satellite (TacSat) program. The U.S. Air Commanders’ needs.” Under one envi- ASCMs. MFR combines the functions pro- Force selected Raytheon to research and sioned scenario, warehoused satellite com- vided by more than five separate develop the primary sensor for ponents would be rapidly assembled, con- currently aboard Navy combatant ships and the TacSat-3 mission. This groundbreaking figured, and transported to nearby sites for also supports new ship-design requirements space sensor was designed and built in quick launch into low Earth orbit — some for reduced radar cross-section, significantly less than 15 months as a rapid develop- 200 miles overhead. The TacSat-3 program reduced manning (no operators), and total ment project. will test the feasibility of launching a pay- ownership cost reduction. load such as ARTEMIS within as few as ARTEMIS makes extensive use of COTS The radar performs such functions as horizon seven days after receiving the request. components and industry-standard interfaces search, limited above-the-horizon search, to create an affordable, high-performance and fire control track and illumination. One Once in orbit, ARTEMIS’s quick-reaction space-based surveillance option. It also real- of the most significant design features of the optics will enable it to see otherwise hidden izes the operationally responsive space vision radar is to provide automatic detection, targets, such as disturbed earth. of fast, flexible launch and use capability. tracking and illumination of low-altitude When operated by a military commander threat missiles in the adverse environmental As defined by the joint Operationally in the field, ARTEMIS is able to provide data conditions routinely found in coastal waters. Responsive Space Office at Kirtland Air ENGINEERING PROFILE

Katherine “RMS is a bit like the human body, developing customer needs and heterogeneous integration of semi- Herrick or an orchestra,” Herrick said. “It’s technological possibilities.” conductors via direct epitaxial an extraordinarily complex system growth. It’s easy to be passionate Deputy to the After receiving her Ph.D. in 2000 of systems that’s capable of amazing about your work when it’s this Technology and conducting post-doctoral work performance, but you can’t get the transformational.” Director, RMS at the University of Michigan, best out of it unless you view it Herrick joined the Advanced Herrick received the 2007 IDS A fresh face at holistically and determine the opti- Technology Department at President’s Award as the driving Raytheon Missile mal way for its elements to work Raytheon RF Components with a force behind Raytheon’s path-break- Systems (RMS), together in a dynamic environment. focus on high-frequency semicon- ing COSMOS effort. Her other Dr. Katherine “We work across RMS, and enter- ductor circuits and integrated recent awards include: the 2008 Herrick arrived prisewide, to develop strategic tech- arrays. After transferring to Outstanding Young Engineer Award in Tucson, Ariz., in April 2008 from nology road maps at multiple levels, Raytheon IDS’ Advanced Technology from the IEEE Microware Theory Raytheon Integrated Defense from basic technological innovation Directorate, Herrick led the capture and Techniques Society, 2008 RMS Systems’ Advanced Technology to Supply Chain to Business of, and served as Raytheon’s princi- Technical Honors Award, and Directorate. She brought her exten- Development.” she explained. “We pal investigator for, the DARPA selection to the 2008 National sive experience in cutting-edge RF evaluate capability gaps against COSMOS (Compound Academy of Engineers Frontiers’ semiconductor technology, but internal technology investment Semiconductor Materials On of Engineering Symposium. Herrick sees her current work as efforts aimed at an array of technol- Silicon) program. That effort, she Herrick has published more than deputy to RMS’ technical director as ogy solutions. What we bring into recalled, was one of the most excit- 40 technical papers, and holds drawing less upon her background the equation is an integrative ing and rewarding experiences of several patents in the areas of in solid state III-V devices, and approach that treats RMS as a her professional career. “COSMOS antennas, RF MEMS packaging, more upon her experience as a yoga whole, preparing it for agility and truly enables a new paradigm in cir- and circuits. instructor and cellist. success in a complex environment of cuit design through the innovative

8 2009 ISSUE 1 RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGY TODAY Feature in a user-friendly format, greatly reducing painted vehicles from foliage, and even application. Second, if platforms operate critical response times and enhancing battle identify gas emission from factories or gas independently, this results in larger and assessment capabilities. clouds. Raytheon has been a pioneer in this more expensive sensor systems. Thus, the technology for space applications. next generation of sensor systems will use The Future of Sensor Systems the techniques described, to enable multi- Wideband: System range resolution is driv- Raytheon continues technological advances ple simultaneous functions out of a en by its operating bandwidth. Wideband is that improve sensing capabilities at differ- common aperture and to operate as nodes a relative term used to describe a broader ent wavelengths. As these sensors improve in a network, sharing information with range of operating frequencies enabled by in performance with reductions in size and other sensors. cost, wideband/multispectral/multiband sen- the use of improved component designs. sors are becoming powerful, practical solu- Ultra-Wideband: Ultra-wideband yields Sensor netting is a powerful capability that tions for many applications. These sensors higher range resolution. This is also a rela- provides an interoperable plug-and-fight integrate multiple phenomenologies to tive term used to describe a significantly architecture with networked multimission exploit the unique characteristics of the tar- broader frequency range; octaves or even sensors that are tasked by “mission man- get and environment, for improved per- decades wider in operating frequencies. agers.” Acting as a network, the sensors formance against the most challenging tar- can provide persistent surveillance while gets in the most challenging environments. Under DARPA’s COSMOS program, supporting multiple simultaneous missions. Raytheon offers the designer the “best Additionally, network performance exceeds Polarization: A natural discriminant. junction for the function” without compro- what is achievable by any individual sensor Electromagnetic waves may be resolved into mising the yield and scale of complementa- because multiple sensors are viewing orthogonal oscillating electric fields. If there ry metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) or objects from multiple angles and potentially is a significant difference in the amplitude the speed and breakdown of compound with greater spectral diversity (RF, millimeter of one of the fields compared to the other, (CS). COSMOS’s unique wave, terahertz, IR, visible regions, ultravio- the light is said to be polarized. Polarization technology enables the micron-scale place- let, etc.) to dramatically improve our ability is of interest because manmade objects that ment of CS (GaAs, InP, and eventually GaN) to detect, track and identify objects. contain sharp edges and flat surfaces tend in arbitrary locations on a CMOS wafer, Raytheon is a world leader in sensor to polarize light, while naturally occurring while maintaining co-planarity with the networking with products such as the objects do not. CMOS for simple, high yield, monolithic Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC), Multiband: Detection can be optimized by integration. This monolithic integration deployed by the U.S. Navy, and the employing many segments of the spectrum. approach is akin to the move from hybrids Tactical Component Network (TCN) which Targets appear different across the spectrum to MMICs, which enabled compound semi- provides a bandwidth-efficient composite because of their composition. Components conductor insertions into systems over the tracking capability. are designed to operate across a limited range last decade. The figure below shows InP Summary of the spectrum, driven by system requirements heterojunction bi-polar (HBT) and physical parameters. By using sensors integrated onto a silicon-on-lattice engi- The four systems described in this article are that employ multiple portions of the spec- neered substrate to enable InP performance examples of how Raytheon’s culture of trum, selected for the best sensor perform- while maintaining CMOS affordability. innovation has resulted in providing ance in that range, sensing can be optimized. unmatched capabilities for our customers HBT and warfighters. As we address next-gener- Multispectral: A color-based discriminant. ation systems, we continue to extend the Objects are not typically blackbodies — performance envelope while reducing cost they emit or reflect some wavelengths pref- and increasing reliability. Raytheon is erentially to others. This is obvious in the extending its technological expertise and visible, when we see the rich diversity of CMOS integration skills to provide key sensor color in the world. We can far more easily technologies in a joint environment: joint separate objects from their surroundings in in the sense of the services working togeth- a color image than a black-and-white one. er, joint in the sense of space, air, surface Yet we only sense three primary colors. All Today’s multifunction systems integrate and subsurface, and joint in the sense of other sensed colors are mixtures of these. sensing functions with communications and allies working together. We are developing This is the idea of multispectral systems that electronic warfare functions by sharing the the architecture, the connectivity, the are two or three infrared colors. aperture, processing and power to minimize software, the sensors and the weight, volume and total lifecycle costs. Hyperspectral: Exploring color as a multidi- to help choreograph how today’s joint task mensional discriminant. Hyperspectral Two additional constraints are also driving force commanders integrate and employ systems use tens to hundreds of colors at innovations in future sensor systems. First, their assets. • each pixel. Using this technology, we can the available surface area or volume on a Bill Kiczuk identify individual chemicals through their platform may not accommodate multiple [email protected] line emissions. Thus, we can discriminate unique sensors, each optimized for a specific Contributor: Tony Marinilli

RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGY TODAY 2009 ISSUE 1 9 Copyright © 2009 . All rights reserved. Approved for public release. Printed in the USA. Customer Success Is Our Mission is a registered trademark of Raytheon Company. Raytheon Six Sigma, MathMovesU and NoDoubt are trademarks of Raytheon Company.