Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 104 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION

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E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 104 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION

Vol. 141 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, JUNE 6, 1995 No. 91 Senate (Legislative day of Monday, June 5, 1995)

The Senate met at 9:15 a.m., on the morning there will be a period of morn- join the people of Maine, the Nation, expiration of the recess, and was called ing business until the hour of 9:45 a.m. and my colleagues in saying goodbye to to order by the President pro tempore Following morning business, the Sen- Margaret Chase Smith, forever the [Mr. THURMOND]. ate will resume consideration of the Senator from Maine. She lived through antiterrorism bill, S. 735. By consent, PRAYER two world wars, 17 Presidents, and out- Senator BOXER will be recognized at lived over 70 years of communism. She The Chaplain, Dr. Lloyd John that time to offer an amendment. A was given 95 honorary degrees through- Ogilvie, offered the following prayer: cloture motion was filed on Monday Almighty God, we all have known with respect to the Hatch substitute to out her life, almost 1 degree for every grim days and great days. Some days S. 735. Senators with first-degree year of her time on Earth. are filled with strain and stress while amendments listed in the agreement on She was awarded the Presidential on other days everything goes smooth- S. 735 are reminded that they have Medal of Freedom by President George ly and successfully. Life can be simply until 12:30 p.m. today to file amend- Bush at a White House ceremony in awful or awfully simple. Today, we ments in order to comply with rule choose the awfully simple but sublime 1989. XXII of the Standing Rules of the Sen- secret of a great day. Your work, done She was a teacher, a telephone oper- ate. by Your power, achieves Your results, The Senate will stand in recess from ator, a newspaperwoman, an office on Your time. We reject the idea that 12:30 p.m. until 2:15 p.m. in order to ac- manager, a secretary, a wife, a Con- things work out and ask You, dear commodate respective party lunch- gresswoman and, for 24 years, a U.S. Lord, to work out things. Before us is eons. Senators should be aware that Senator. She rose from the humblest of a new day filled with more to do than rollcall votes are expected throughout beginnings to the highest corridors of we can accomplish on our own the day and a late-night session may be power. strength. You have given us the power required in order to complete action on of sanctified imagination to envision a But she was also a leader, an inspira- the antiterrorism bill by the close of tion, a nation’s conscience, a visionary, day in which what is truly important business today. gets done. Help us expeditiously to and a woman of endless firsts. f move through the amendments pre- She was the first woman to be elect- RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME sented today, to listen to You through ed to the U.S. Senate. She was the first each other and make guided decisions. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. woman to be elected to both the House Pull our anchors out of the mud of INHOFE). Under the previous order, of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. combative competition. Lift our sails leadership time is reserved. She was the first woman to face an- and remind us that it is Your set of our f other woman in a U.S. Senate election sails and not the gales that determine MORNING BUSINESS where we shall go. campaign. Lord, we believe that the work we The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under She was the first woman to become a shall do this day is crucial for our Na- the previous order, the Senator from ranking member of a congressional tion. Help us to complete the assign- Maine [Mrs. SNOWE] is recognized to committee. She was the first woman to speak for up to 30 minutes. ment of finishing the antiterrorism serve on the Armed Services Com- legislation for the welfare of our peo- Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I yield myself such time as I may consume. mittee. She was the first woman to ple. This is the day You have given. We serve on the Appropriations Com- intend to live it to the fullest with f mittee. She was the first woman to be Your guidance, by Your power, and for TRIBUTE TO SENATOR MARGARET elected chair of the Republican Con- Your glory. Amen. CHASE SMITH ference. f Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, it gives RECOGNITION OF THE ACTING me a great deal of honor and privilege She was the first woman to have her MAJORITY LEADER to be here today to join some of my fe- name placed in nomination for the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The male Senators in paying tribute to Presidency by either major political acting majority leader is recognized. Senator Margaret Chase Smith, who party in 1964. She was the first civilian SCHEDULE passed away on Memorial Day, after 97 woman to sail on a U.S. destroyer in Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, for the years of courage, bravery, integrity, wartime. And, not surprisingly, if you information of my colleagues, this and pioneering spirit. I would like to knew her, she was the first woman to

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

S7713

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:37 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S06JN5.REC S06JN5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7714 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE June 6, 1995 brush Heaven’s horizon and challenge as a freshman, Margaret Chase Smith Senate with 2,941 consecutive rollcall the skies by breaking the sound barrier spoke out loud the words that much of votes spanning 13 years. Only a much- in a U.S. Air Force F–100 Super Sabre America had thought quietly to them- needed hip operation in September 1968 fighter. selves. kept her from casting her vote on the She was a woman of many firsts, a A Republican with a strong alle- floor of the Senate. daughter of Maine, a trailblazer for giance to her party, Smith neverthe- Not known for displaying idleness as women, a patriot of America. less retained her independent Yankee a personal quality, Margaret Chase Today we come to remember two spirit and was known to be a maverick Smith spent the next 23 years of her things: We remember a legend, and we on some issues important to her as a life after politics lecturing at dozens of remember history, the history Mar- matter of conscience, rather than as a colleges and universities across this garet Chase Smith of Skowhegan made matter of politics. country, and worked tirelessly to es- throughout her 32 years of outstanding So it was that Senator Smith began tablish what is now known as the Mar- public service to the people of Maine one of the most famous speeches in garet Chase Smith Library Center at and the citizens of America. American history, the ‘‘Declaration of her beloved home in Skowhegan, a From the very first day I met Mar- Conscience,’’ with the words, ‘‘I would small town where she was born almost garet Chase Smith, I often wondered if like to speak briefly and simply about a century ago. she ever knowingly set out to make a serious national condition.’’ I would I know that I and other women in history in 1940 as she began her service like to quote from that. She began by public service have a very high stand- in the House of Representatives. saying: ard to meet in her wake and some rath- Today, I realize Margaret Chase Smith I speak as briefly as possible because too er large shoes to fill as we walk in the never charted a course to make history much harm has already been done with irre- footsteps of Margaret Chase Smith. or pursue it. The fact is, history mere- sponsible words of bitterness and selfish po- Fortunately for us, those shoes had ly followed Margaret Chase Smith. litical opportunism. I speak as simply as pos- heels. It was when her husband, Congress- sible because the issue is too great to be ob- Indeed, Margaret Chase Smith man Clyde Smith, died in 1940 that scured by eloquence. I speak simply and showed how a woman’s place can truly Margaret Chase Smith found herself briefly in the hope that my words will be be in ‘‘the House***and the Sen- taken to heart. thrust into political life. ate.’’ She was an inspiration to mil- I speak as a Republican. I speak as a lions of young girls and women all Shortly after his death, she won a woman. I speak as a United States Senator. special election to fill the unexpired I speak as an American. across this country who never before term of her late husband, and then thought they could aspire to any kind For the next 15 minutes, her words of public office. She showed us through went on to win the June Republican resonated across America and struck a primary and win, of course, the Novem- her talents, abilities, and energies that chord with the hearts and minds of all opportunities for women did exist and ber general election. Americans. Senator McCarthy sat di- Mrs. Smith was going to Washington, that the door to elected office could be rectly behind her, a fitting position for unlocked and opened to all women. But and she would be there for 32 splendid him to be shadowed in light of her rea- years in both the House and the Sen- most importantly, what Margaret son and integrity. She had done in 15 Chase Smith’s life proved is it is not ate. minutes what none of her 94 other col- She ran for the Senate when Senate necessarily gender which makes a dif- leagues had dared to do for months, ference in public service, it is dedica- majority leader Wallace White, of and she never mentioned Senator Maine, announced that he would retire tion, it is energy, perseverance, com- McCarthy’s name in the process. petence, and the will to get the job in 1948. So she decided to run for that I should mention that she sat in seat vacant seat. After beating both Maine’s done. No. 1, where the President sits cur- At last, she has reached a final rest- incumbent Republican Governor and a rently, when she made this most im- former Governor in the June primary, ing place amongst the angels. George portant speech. Bernard Shaw once said, ‘‘In Heaven, Smith went on to claim victory in the In slaying a giant of demagoguery, general election, beginning the now fa- an angel is no one in particular.’’ I Margaret Chase Smith stood and cou- would have to say George Bernard mous litany of firsts that would act as rageously defended what she termed proud landmarks and milestones in her Shaw never knew Margaret Chase ‘‘some of the basic principles of Ameri- Smith, because she was truly one of life. canism,’’ and I would like again to It is safe to assume at this point in the ‘‘better angels among us,’’ to use quote from her speech. Those prin- the words of the President of the her life most of Maine knew about ciples, she said, were: their newly-elected junior Senator, al- United States. But I am sure in Heav- though she was not yet a household The right to criticize; en, as on Earth, Margaret Chase Smith The right to hold unpopular beliefs; will come to be known as someone name anywhere else. But America was The right to protest; about to find out exactly who Margaret quite ‘‘in particular.’’ The right of independent thought. It is only fitting she requested her Chase Smith was. During one of the She went on to say that: Nation’s darkest hours of history, Mar- epitaph to read: ‘‘She served people.’’ The exercise of these rights should not cost Well, she certainly served them and garet Chase Smith never shone more one single American citizen his reputation or she served them well. So it is with a brightly as a beacon of reason, fairness, his right to a livelihood nor should he be in mixture of pride and humility that and courage. danger of losing his reputation or the liveli- when I am referred to as ‘‘the Senator The spring of 1950 was a dark and hood merely because he happens to know from Maine,’’ I know well this is a tragic time in American history. They someone who holds unpopular beliefs. phrase of honorable and distinguished were days of poisonous rhetoric, rage, Bernard Baruch once said had a man past. Hearing those words will always fear, suspicion, and hate. made that speech, he would have be- evoke images of an individual who gave Senator Joseph McCarthy had made come the next President of the United Maine some of its proudest moments. sensational and unsubstantiated States. That phrase is a daily reminder of an charges that had turned him into a na- Almost exactly 45 years to the date— individual who had the will and integ- tional celebrity and purveyor of bla- June 1 of last week—after she spoke rity to speak out vigorously when si- tant opportunism—charges about Com- those brave words, her voice of reason lence was a safer course. munist spies and Soviet-sponsored trai- still reaches across the years and fol- Margaret Chase Smith once said, tors throughout our Nation’s governing lows her spirit skyward. If I were to do it all over again, I would institutions. He held the American In 1972, her public service career con- change nothing. I am very proud of my pub- consciousness hostage to his hate-filled cluded. When she retired, she left an- lic service. I have no regrets * * *. No re- tactics, and no one dared to stand up to other legacy of her dedication to public grets, no changes—I would do it all over Senator Joe McCarthy. No one, that is, service: A near-perfect attendance again.’’ except Maine’s own Senator Smith. record in Congress. She held, until 1981, I know I speak on behalf of Maine On June 1, 1950, in her first major the all-time consecutive rollcall voting and my colleagues when I say I wish speech on the floor of the Senate and record in the entire history of the U.S. you could.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:37 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S06JN5.REC S06JN5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS June 6, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7715 Mr. President, I now yield 5 minutes raised a bit of a decibel level in the de- the voice of a mother to the U.S. Sen- to the Senator from Maryland who is bate. ate, a young mother; Senator CAROL the dean of the Democratic women in Senator Smith was a member of the MOSELEY-BRAUN’s ability in housing, the U.S. Senate, who is the first Demo- Appropriations Committee, and I have banking, and also judicial affairs and cratic woman, like Margaret Chase the honor to be appointed to that com- being willing to take on the tough Smith, to have served both in the mittee as well. Senator Smith was on issues in making her own declaration House and in the U.S. Senate and also the Board of Visitors at the U.S. Naval of conscience. I think she would like the first woman to be elected to the Academy and I, too, share that great me here on the Appropriations Com- U.S. Senate from the State of Mary- honor. Only when she was there during mittee, saying, BARBARA, watch out for land. the dark days of the beginning of the the money, watch out for the country So I am pleased Senator MIKULSKI cold war through her term, there were and you will be OK. could join us today in this tribute to no women at the Naval Academy, and I Mr. President, I yield the floor. Margaret Chase Smith. think she would be delighted to see the Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I thank The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- accomplishments and advancements of the Senator from Maryland for her ator from Maryland is recognized for 5 those women. wonderful tribute and testimony to minutes. She was also the first Republican Senator Margaret Chase Smith. I know Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I woman who held, or perhaps the only she would enjoy the comments the Sen- thank the Senator from Maine for rec- woman to hold, a leadership position in ator has made. They are fitting and ognizing me. her party for many years. Just re- most appropriate for a woman who I rise today as the dean of the Demo- cently, I had the opportunity of being served her country and her State and cratic women to salute a great and chosen by my colleagues to be the Sec- constituents well. grand lady, a daughter of Maine, Sen- retary of the Democratic caucus. I I now will yield to Senator KASSE- ator Margaret Chase Smith. bring these issues to the Senate’s at- BAUM of Kansas, who was the first Growing up as a young girl, there tention not because I want to draw at- woman elected from Kansas. In fact, were very few role models that I or tention to myself, but to the fact that this was the second woman ever to be women of my generation had for the parallels here were so inspirational elected in her own right to the U.S. women participating in politics. Cer- to me. When one comes to the Senate, Senate, and the first woman to be tainly, there had been Eleanor Roo- and my colleagues on the floor, the elected to the Senate without first hav- sevelt who served as the First Lady of other women Senators, know how ing been preceded in Congress by a the United States of America. But dur- tough it is to be the first in many spouse. ing the fifties, as a high school girl, I areas; often they know how tough it is Senator KASSEBAUM and I had the admired two great women—Clare to be the first and the only. When I pleasure of joining Senator Smith at Boothe Luce, who was a Congress- turned to the history books and see her home back in October 1992, and I woman, and also Margaret Chase Margaret Chase Smith, and when I know those were special moments we Smith from Maine. And going to a came here and joined Senator KASSE- will always treasure and share. I am Catholic woman’s high school and col- BAUM, I was so fortified, so inspired, it pleased that Senator KASSEBAUM could lege, these two women were always really gave me guiding principles to be here today to participate in this held up as models and examples. In follow here in the U.S. Senate. tribute. I yield the Senator 4 minutes. those days, we did not have words like However, there are things that differ Mrs. KASSEBAUM. Mr. President, I ‘‘role models,’’ but they used terms Senator Smith from myself—not only appreciate the Senator from Maine, like ‘‘examples,’’ about how women of different parties, but Senator Smith, Senator SNOWE, speaking this morning could retain their femininity and dig- as a young girl, was an outstanding and introducing all of us and being able nity and yet participate in the dy- athlete. That was not my forte. And, to pay a brief tribute to a remarkable namic world of politics. also, she did something I believe no woman and a great Senator. When I came to the U.S. Senate, I other woman has done in the Senate— I did not have the privilege of serving was struck by the many parallels in she was a lieutenant colonel in the Air with Margaret Chase Smith in the U.S. the lives between Senator Smith and Force Reserve and served in the Re- Senate, but I did have the privilege of myself. I was deeply honored to follow serve Forces. Senator SNOWE spoke at knowing her. I want to comment for a in her footsteps. Until 1992, only 17 great length about the declaration of few moments. My colleague, Senator women had served in the U.S. Senate. conscience. I hope that all the women SNOWE has recounted many of the mile- Only five of those women had been of the Senate and all the men of the stones in Senator Smith’s career. I elected in their own right and there Senate feel that same sense of respon- would like to speak about the spirit of was one who served only 1 day, but sibility to speak out where necessary. her service and what it has meant to that was not Senator Margaret Chase When I was elected, I invited her to me and to so many others. Smith. For four distinguished terms, my swearing in. She could not come I thought Senator MIKULSKI spoke she served in the U.S. Senate and was but sent me the most gentle and en- extraordinarily well about what each a woman of many firsts and many ac- couraging note. I believe if she were of the women who serves here today complishments. here today, she would like this Senate. bring out, which is a culmination of The similarities in our backgrounds She would look at her own party and many of the things that Senator Smith were brought to my attention by the see another daughter of Maine joining stood for in her long career of public Senate Historian when I came here. the U.S. Senate and with great admira- service. She was a woman who refused Senator Smith was the first woman tion, admire Senator SNOWE’s moving to ever be bound by stereotypes or la- elected to the U.S. Senate in her own quickly to responsibility in both fiscal bels. She was not a woman Senator, right. I was the first Democratic matters and in foreign affairs. She she was simply a Senator. Her interests woman elected in my own right. She would be delighted to see Senator were wide-ranging because they were was the first woman to serve in both KASSEBAUM chairing the Committee on her own and not a narrow agenda im- Houses. I, when I came, was the first Labor, Education, and Human Re- posed by gender, region, or parochial Democratic woman to serve in both sources, showing that we can meet our concerns. She was a true expert on de- Houses, and now I am delighted to say fiscal responsibility, look out for fense matters, military preparedness, I have been joined by Senator SNOWE of America’s day-to-day needs, and yet space exploration, and NATO. Maine and Senator BOXER of Cali- meet the long-range needs of our coun- She had deep and strongly held con- fornia. Senator Margaret Chase Smith, try. She would admire the fact that cerns about civil rights law, education in one of her elections, defeated an- Senator HUTCHISON had joined the U.S. policy, and the rules of the Senate. She other woman for the job that raised Senate and was taking up the role of had a high regard for the institutions eyebrows all over America in that spir- women on the Armed Services Com- of Government and a great respect for ited combat. I defeated another woman mittee. I think she would like Senator the institutions of Government. She in my general election, and I must say BOXER’s spunk; Senator FEINSTEIN’s ex- denounced the red baiting of the 1950’s we not only raised eyebrows but we ecutive ability; Senator MURRAY being and the left-wing orthodoxy of the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:37 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S06JN5.REC S06JN5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7716 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE June 6, 1995 1960’s. She spoke both gently and forth- I think the fact that she served so live up to the high standards that she rightly, but always went from personal well as an early woman Senator made set. I honor her service. I offer my con- conviction and principles. She is right- it much easier for those woman Mem- dolences and those of all Texans to the ly remembered as a Senator with great bers who would follow in her footsteps. family and friends of Margaret Chase spunk, intelligence, and commitment. ‘‘Mr. President, I speak as a Repub- Smith. May she rest in peace. She sought not only to represent the lican. I speak as a woman. I speak as a Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I ask people of Maine, but also to fulfill her U.S. Senator. I speak as an American.’’ unanimous consent to extend morning responsibilities to the Nation as a Mr. President, although any one of my business for an additional 5 minutes. whole. speeches could have started in that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without In her 24 years in the U.S. Senate, way, those words came, in fact, from a objection, it is so ordered. she spoke always with honesty and speech more profound than any com- Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, first of clarity, seeking facts and judging each ments I have ever made on this floor. all, I want to thank the Senator from issue on its merits. Those are high These are the words with which Mar- Texas, Senator HUTCHISON, for her out- standards, Mr. President, a worthy leg- garet Chase Smith started her ‘‘Dec- standing statement on behalf of Mar- acy to pass on to those who will follow laration of Conscience’’ in 1950. garet Chase Smith. I know that Mar- her in this Chamber. I rise to pay homage to a woman who garet Chase Smith would certainly I am honored to be able to pay trib- embodied clarity of conscience and have been delighted and thrilled to ute today to a great lady, a fine U.S. strength of character during her 24 hear the remarks that were made here Senator and an inspiring legacy. years in this Chamber. this morning and the work she has per- I yield the floor. As my colleague from Maine has said, formed on the Armed Services Com- Ms. SNOWE. I thank Senator KASSE- Margaret Chase Smith led seven other mittee. BAUM for the wonderful statement she Republican Senators in their con- It also reminds me, as I have heard made about Margaret Chase Smith. I demnation of Joseph McCarthy’s tac- the statements here today, that it cer- know I have those long memories and tics in accusing numerous Americans tainly is true that she blazed a trail for recollections of our visit with her. It of Communist actions. women, because we are all firsts here was truly inspiring because of what she Although opposed to Communists in in our own right. If she had not blazed had accomplished in both the House America and abroad, she objected to the trail, I am not sure we would be and the Senate, but I think more sig- the scope of Senator McCarthy’s inves- here today. We have all established our nificant is the fact of when she accom- tigation when it began to harm the trademarks in the way she would be plished it. Her accomplishments are as reputations of many innocent Ameri- proud, and she would be proud and remarkable today as they were then in cans. thrilled by the statements made on her terms of our standards and the ability A true leader, Mr. President, she did behalf. of women to participate in the public this at a time when she only had 1 year It now gives me a great deal of pleas- arena. There are still many obstacles, of experience in the U.S. Senate. She ure to recognize Senator BOXER from but there is no doubt there were many was quick to go to the forefront. She California. For the first time in the more in the 1940’s. The fact she was led her colleagues against Senator history of California, there are two able to have an extremely challenging McCarthy’s inaccuracies when they be- women Senators. Senator BOXER has race in 1948 with an incumbent Gov- came clear. Senator Smith’s commit- the honor of being only one of four in ernor and former Governor and still ment to truth and justice made her the U.S. Senate to have served in both came on top. After attacking Senator transcend partisan considerations, to the House of Representatives and the Joe McCarthy in terms of what he had stand up for what she believed was Senate. done to this country, he got somebody Mr. President, I am glad to yield to to run against her. right. She still came out with 82 percent of In order to reflect her distinguished the Senator from California 5 minutes. the vote as a resounding victory, not career properly, we should also remem- Mrs. BOXER. Thank you very much, only for Senator Margaret Chase Smith ber Senator Smith’s many other ac- I say to my friend from Maine. She and but for this country, condemning the complishments. Throughout her four I served as good friends over on the kind of tactics he employed. terms, one of her primary interests was House side. It is a privilege to be part Now it is my pleasure to recognize military readiness of our Nation. She of this tribute today. the Senator from Texas, Senator was the first woman to serve on the I think it is so extraordinary that a HUTCHISON. Many women are firsts Armed Services Committee. Women in woman like Margaret Chase Smith here. Senator HUTCHISON is the first the Armed Forces will always remem- could bring to this Senate floor Repub- woman to be elected from the State of ber her as the mother of WAVES—the licans and Democrats who speak of her Texas to the U.S. Senate, but she is women’s branch of the Navy. with such fond memories. I think Sen- also the second woman in the history Like many of the senators on this ator HUTCHISON found things in Sen- of the U.S. Senate to serve on the side of the aisle, she worked to protect ator Margaret Chase Smith’s record Armed Services Committee, the other our technological advantage in the cold she can identify with. I certainly find woman being, of course, Senator Mar- war by voting against the Test Ban those, as a Democrat. This says some- garet Chase Smith. Treaty of 1963. thing very special about this woman, It is my pleasure to yield 5 minutes In an age when men dominated poli- that she would be so revered on both to Senator HUTCHISON. tics, she was a leader at bringing sides of the aisle. Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I women into the political process. Sen- Obviously, it is in order to send con- do want to thank my colleague from ator Smith became the first woman dolences to the family—the many Maine who followed in Margaret Chase placed on the ballot for nomination for nieces and nephews, and her sister, Smith’s great footsteps. I appreciate President by a major political party. Evelyn Williams. I hope that through the fact that she has set aside this At the Republican National Convention the sadness of their loss, they certainly time for Members to pay tribute to the of 1964, she received 27 votes on the can reflect with pride, as we are, on the first woman elected to the U.S. Senate first ballot. remarkable life of Margaret Chase in her own right. Margaret Chase Smith was a role Smith. I am really proud to follow women model. She led the way for others to When you lose someone, whatever who actually knew Margaret Chase follow. She left her mark. She was, in age they are, it still is a very painful Smith, because when I was growing up, fact, an architect of the Nation’s cold experience. I am sure they are going I certainly never thought of running war defense. She was a credit to the through that pain. Just a couple years for the Senate. However, I remember U.S. Senate. ago, I read an interview that Margaret people talking about Margaret Chase Mr. President, as the only other Chase Smith gave to a major national Smith, not as anything unusual, but as woman to serve on the Armed Services newspaper. Believe me, she was sharper a fine Senator, respected in her own Committee, I hear many stories about than many Members are, at the ripe right. ‘‘One tough hombre,’’ as we the great Margaret Chase Smith and old age of 95. She lived for nearly a cen- would say in Texas. her time on that committee. I hope to tury.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:37 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S06JN5.REC S06JN5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS June 6, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7717 When we think about it, she lived F.D.R.’s New Deal and for Federal sup- I think, as we heard the remarks that through World War I, World War II, the port for education, just to name a few. were made, that each person is fol- beginning and the end of the cold war. So, therefore, I point out that both Re- lowing in some way a wonderful lead She lived through women’s suffrage publicans and Democrats can find that was given to us by the great serv- and through civil rights. She saw her things in her record that they can iden- ice that Margaret Chase Smith gave to country and her world grow in many tify with. our country; that is, to lead with dig- amazing ways. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- nity, with class, with continuity But she never just sat back. She sent for just 1 more minute. through four terms. made history herself and, in doing so, Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I yield an I think the tribute today is a wonder- touched many lives, including my own. additional minute to the Senator from ful thing to show the first woman, in I was a child of the 1950’s—the time California. fact, made it possible for eight women of the ‘‘Happy Days,’’ Doris Day mov- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without to follow her and to have in our own ies, the Debbie Reynolds days—when objection, it is so ordered. right a voice at the table on the Armed pert women with personalities glowed Mrs. BOXER. Thank you so much. Services Committee or in our respec- In her own words, Senator Smith and danced their way through the per- tive States. I think it was wonderful served in Congress in a time when fect life and right into the arms of for the Senator from Maine to make ‘‘people felt, as the Constitution says, Eddie Fisher guys, who would sing to this time possible. that people are the Government.’’ I them until their dying days. Ms. SNOWE. Will the Senator yield? think this is a time when all of us in Politics was not even in the realm of Mrs. HUTCHISON. I will be happy to this Chamber yearn to see that again. the possible for women, except for Mar- yield. We are the Government. Anyone who garet Chase Smith and just a few oth- Ms. SNOWE. I appreciate the com- attacks the Government, such as the ers. ments of the Senator because I think it kind of thing we saw in Oklahoma My mother was an F.D.R. Democrat is true that in no small part it is due to City, is essentially attacking America. through and through. Yet, she used to Margaret Chase Smith’s presence here In 1975, the long reign of the Lady of point with pride to Margaret Chase Maine—and now we have another Lady that today we have eight women in the Smith. ‘‘Imagine what she must be of Maine—ended when she was defeated U.S. Senate and a record number in the like,’’ my mother would say. ‘‘One in her fifth run for the Senate. She House of Representatives. She cer- woman among all those men. She must said, ‘‘I hate to leave the Senate when tainly served as an inspiration as we be something!’’ And she was. there is no indication another qualified began our political careers. I know the Margaret Chase Smith arrived in woman is coming in. If I leave and first time I visited with her when I de- Washington in 1935, the wife and sec- there is a long lapse, the next woman cided to run for the House of Rep- retary of Representative Clyde Smith will have to rebuild entirely.’’ In fact, resentatives, and then more recently of Maine. Her career began suddenly in there was a long lapse, but how proud when I did have the opportunity to see 1940 when her husband died and she she must have been to see OLYMPIA her last year after I announced my can- won a special election to take his SNOWE make it and become another didacy for the U.S. Senate, she told me place. She went on to serve four terms Lady of Maine. to give it all I had, to work very hard, in the Senate, making her the first I am certainly proud to be one of the to leave no stone unturned, which is woman in history, as my colleague many women—and I say there are what she always did. I think we needed from Maine has noted, to serve in both many of us now, perhaps not enough, to have role models like Margaret Houses of Congress. And I think, more but many—to be here today to honor Chase Smith who would blaze that trail significant than that, she was one of the life of a true pioneer, one who came for us to make that possible. the most popular legislators of all before and cleared the path for others After all, she was born 23 years be- times. to follow, one who served as a role fore women had the right to vote in She earned her reputation as the con- model for all of us. Now young women this country. The fact that she was science of the Senate in 1950, when she can say: Yes, I can grow up and be a willing to follow through on an exten- became the first in her party to attack U.S. Senator. I can find the courage to sive political career, 32 years, is re- Senator Joe McCarthy for his politics stand up and do what is right. markable in and of itself. of hate and fear and, in doing so, she I again thank my colleague from So I thank Senator KASSEBAUM, Sen- definitely, in my opinion, blazed trails. Maine for giving me this time. Mar- ator HUTCHISON, Senator FEINSTEIN, Because it does not matter what year garet Chase Smith, although she lived and Senator BOXER. it is, what century it is, the fact is 97 years on this Earth, will be missed. Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, 45 years there are people in politics who will But I believe her presence will always ago last Thursday, Senator Margaret play the politics of hate and fear and it be in this Chamber. Chase Smith of Maine rose from her takes courage to stand up to it, and she I yield the floor. seat in this Chamber and delivered a taught us how. You can imagine the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time speech she called a ‘‘Declaration of shock in the Senate when she said, ‘‘I of the Senator has expired. Conscience.’’ do not like the way the Senate has Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I Many historians believe this speech been made a rendezvous for vilifica- ask unanimous consent to extend, for 5 marked the beginning of the end of the tion, for selfish political gain at the minutes, morning business. era of McCarthyism. And it also sacrifice of individual reputations and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without marked the finest hour of the remark- national unity.’’ objection, it is so ordered. able career of Senator Smith, who When asked later about the courage Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I passed away last week at the age of 97. she mustered to give that declaration just want to finish, before my col- I was privileged to serve alongside she said, ‘‘Oh, my! I’ll say it was dif- league from Maine sums up this trib- Senator Smith for 4 years in the Sen- ficult! But someone had to do it * * *. ute, by thanking the Senator from ate. She was as she has been described The more I thought of it, the more I Maine for doing something very by many others. No nonsense. Fiercely thought, someone has to do this.’’ thoughtful. As we go through our independent. And sometimes as thorny I think that is, again, a lesson to us, workdays and we do not stop to think as the red rose she wore every day. because sometimes it is very hard to of some of the important milestones During her 32 years of service in stand up and say something that is un- that happened in the world, in the Washington, Senator Smith accom- popular. It is tough to vote for some- United States, in the Senate, the Sen- plished many firsts. She was the first thing unpopular, but it is even tougher ator from Maine has done something woman to be elected to both Houses of to stand up and say something unpopu- very special, and that is to point out Congress. She was the first woman lar. She was willing to do it and I that there are so many women, now, in elected to the Senate who did not suc- think, as such, is really a guiding star the Senate that we could take 45 min- ceed her husband. She was the first for both women and men in politics. utes from the business day to pay trib- woman to have her name placed in That was not the only time Senator ute to the first woman who led the way nomination for President by a major Smith defied party unity. She voted for for us. political party.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:37 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S06JN5.REC S06JN5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7718 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE June 6, 1995 As she made history, Senator Smith democracy.’’ Senator Smith knew that Question: How many million dollars became a role model for many women. if we did not elevate the level of polit- are in $1 trillion? While you are arriv- One of them was my wife, Elizabeth, ical discourse beyond mean-spirited- ing at an answer, bear in mind that it who has told me of the time in 1960, ness, that we risked chipping away at was the U.S. Congress that ran up the when, as a young college graduate in- the democratic process itself. Federal debt that now exceeds $4.9 tril- terning on Capitol Hill, she called upon Her standing up for what she believed lion. Senator Smith. earned her the moniker ‘‘the con- To be exact, as of the close of busi- Not many Senators would share an science of the Senate.’’ But she stood ness Monday, June 5, the exact Federal hour with a total stranger seeking ad- her ground without resorting to per- debt—down to the penny—stood at vice, but that is just what Senator sonal invective or shrill tactics. It is $4,903,927,957,327.07. This means that Smith did. And she advised Elizabeth this sort of reasoned debate and mod- every man, woman, and child in Amer- to bolster her education with a law de- eration—the very principles that this ica now owes $18,615.39 computed on a gree—advice she eventually followed. Chamber has always stood for—that per capita basis. When President Bush presented the should continue to guide those of us Mr. President, back to the pop quiz: Presidential Medal of Freedom to Sen- who sit here today. How many million in a trillion? There ator Smith in 1989, he said that she Margaret Chase Smith was born in are one million million in a trillion. ‘‘looked beyond the politics of the time Skowhegan, ME. Her father was the f to see the future of America, and she town barber and her mother was a part- COMPREHENSIVE TERRORISM made us all better for it.’’ time waitress. She herself earned only PREVENTION ACT President Bush was right. Both this a high-school education. She taught Chamber and America are for the bet- grade school, was a telephone operator The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under ter because of Margaret Chase Smith. I and the circulation manager for a the previous order, the hour of 9:45 hav- know the Senate joins with me in send- weekly newspaper where she met her ing arrived and passed, the Senate will ing our condolences to the people of husband, Clyde Harold Smith. When, in now resume consideration of S. 735, Maine. 1940, her husband died of a heart at- which the clerk will report. Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I tack, she successfully ran for his seat The legislative clerk read as follows: wish to join my colleagues today in in the House of Representatives. She A bill (S. 735) to prevent and punish acts of commemorating Margaret Chase served four terms in the House. Later, terrorism, and for other purposes. Smith, the Republican Senator who in the Senate, she served on the Appro- The Senate resumed consideration of made history as the first woman to win priations, Aeronautical and Space com- the bill. election to both Houses of Congress, mittees and was the ranking Repub- Pending: and the first woman ever to be elected lican on the Senate Armed Services Hatch/Dole amendment No. 1199, in the na- ture of a substitute. to the Senate. Committee. She also was the chair- Hatch (for Smith) amendment No. 1203 (to It is a privilege to be a U.S. Senator. woman of the Conference of Republican amendment No. 1199), to make technical And I am grateful to Margaret Chase Senators. Senator Smith served under changes. Smith for paving the way for me, and six presidents—from Franklin Roo- Hatch (for Pressler) amendment No. 1205 the women before me, to serve in this sevelt to Richard Nixon. (to amendment No. 1199), to establish Fed- great Chamber. And more importantly, Although she advanced considerably eral penalties for the production and dis- I salute her for being an inspiration, tribution of false identification documents. in what was considered a man’s world, Hatch (for Specter) amendment No. 1206 (to setting an example by being tough yet Senator Smith did not consider herself amendment No. 1199), to authorize assistance compassionate. a champion of women’s rights. Yet she to foreign nations to procure explosives de- Senator Smith’s accomplishments wrote legislation that paved the way tection equipment. were great. Among them, a long list of for women to serve in the military and Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I firsts, including being the first woman later voted for the equal rights amend- suggest the absence of a quorum. to sit on the Naval Affairs Committee ment. By her example, Senator Smith The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. and to have her name advanced for the pioneered the way for many women, in- CAMPBELL). The clerk will call the roll. Presidency at a national convention. cluding myself, to enter the political The legislative clerk proceeded to But it is here legislative record and her arena. call the roll. long history of independence—always Late in her career, Senator Smith Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, I ask voting her conscience, that has left a said: ‘‘I have no family, no time-con- unanimous consent that the order for last impression on me. suming hobbies. I have only myself and the quorum call be rescinded. She was a political independent, vot- my job as United States Senator.’’ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ing with her party when she saw fit and It is in her job as a U.S. Senator that objection, it is so ordered. standing alone when she felt strongly Margaret Chase Smith distinguished Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, I want about an issue. Indeed, in her first herself, and that she will always be re- to make a brief statement so all my major address to the Senate on June 1, membered and honored. colleagues understand the situation. 1950, the freshman Senator denounced Ms. SNOWE. I thank my colleagues We were supposed to start this amend- Joseph McCarthy. She accused the Wis- once again for their participation in ment at 9:45. I have been prepared since consin Senator of reducing the Senate this tribute to a remarkable woman last night. I was here on the floor at to a ‘‘forum of hate and character as- who led a remarkable life, and all the 9:30 this morning and have been here sassination.’’ In 1954 she voted for his causes she espoused in her political ca- straight through, but I do feel it cru- censure. reer would serve us well today. It cer- cial that the chairman of the com- McCarthy exacted his political pay- tainly serves as an important reminder mittee be here because he and I are back—expelling Senator Smith from a of the standards we should establish as trying to work out this amendment. key committee and, in her next elec- public servants, and hopefully that will I think it very important that he tion, leading a vicious campaign carry through the years to come. hears my arguments. It is a very against her. Still, it was that speech With that, Mr. President, I conclude straightforward amendment that deals that was the beginning of the end or this tribute to Senator Margaret Chase with extending the statute of limita- his career and which cemented her Smith. tions to give our law enforcement peo- place in history. f ple more of a chance to go after and ar- In 1970, during the Vietnam war, she rest and convict those who would vio- addressed the Senate again in a speech WAS CONGRESS IRRESPONSIBLE? late some very serious laws that are on that was later expanded into a book THE VOTERS HAVE SAID YES our books. called ‘‘A Declaration of Conscience.’’ Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, before I have brought this amendment to In that speech, the Maine Senator contemplating today’s bad news about the Senate floor because of Oklahoma warned Americans that ‘‘excessiveness the Federal debt, let us do that little City, and I feel it is so important that and overreactions on both sides is a pop quiz once more. Remember—one I have sent a message through the Re- clear and present danger to American question, one answer: publican leadership that I will be ready

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