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83-49 GOV: Women in the United States Congress

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83-49 GOV: Women in the United States Congress Report No. 83-49 GOV WOMEN IN THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS by Barbara L. Schwemle Technical Information Specialist Government Division March 9, 1982 Revised July 13, 1983 HQ 1428 U.S. E Tie Ccr,gttsional ?.:sur:h Strvic: worits exc!unve!y for the C=ng-ess, conducting r*3tx5., zziyziag Itpiation. and ?r=tidiag info=ticr, at *e mues: oi Coz.mir:t=s, Mem- I bers md &:is staffs. ABSTRACT This report identifies women who have served as Senators or as Members of the House of Representatives. It notes their party affiliation, the States they have represented, the dates of their appointment or election, the length of their service, their committee assignments, and their service in commit tee chairmanships. This report is based in part on an earlier CRS report by Morrigene Holcomb and Karen Keesling, and it includes contributions by Gail Dubrow. WOMEX IN THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS INTRODUCTION In 1916, Montana elected Jeannette Rankin to serve as its Member-at-large in the House of Representatives during the 65th Congress. She was the first woman to become a Member of Congress. Since then a rota1 of 116 women have been elected or appointed to serve in the United States Congress--101 in the House of Representatives, L/ fourteen in the Senate, and one first in the House and then in the Senate. 11 Five women Members have been black, 21 and seven have chaired comnittees. &/ In 1922, six years after Jeannettk Rankin became a Member of the House of Representatives, a woman became a Senator: Rebecca Latimer Felton was appointed to fill the unexpired term of a Senator who had died in office. Of the 101 women who have served in the House of Representatives, 38 were selected to fill vacancies caused by death or resignation before the end of a term. All but two of the fifteen women who have served in the Senate were originally selected by appointment or by special election to fill the unexpired -11 Includes one delegate from Rawaii. -21 Senator Margaret Chase Smith. 31 Representatives Shirley Anita Chisholm, Yvonne Brathwaite Burke, Cardiss ~ollizs,Barbara C. Jordan, and Katie Hall. 41 Senator Hattie Wyatt Caraway, and Representatives Martha Wright Griffiths, Mae ~llaNolan, Mary Teresa Norton, Caroline Love Goodwin O'Day, Edith Nourse Rogers, and Leonor Kretzer Sullivan. terms of Members of Congress who had resigned or died in office. Hargaret Chase Smith was chosen in 2 special election :o fill the unex~irecterm of her husband, who had died while still in office in the House of Representatives. Bazel Xernpel Abel, Xaryon Pittman Allen, Eva Kelly Bowring, Vera Cahalan Bushfield, Hattie Wyatt Caraway, Elaine Edwards, Rebecca Latimer Felton, Dixie Bibb Graves, Muriel Buck Humphrey, Rose XcConnell Long, ~aurineBrown Neuberger, and Gladys Pyle were chosen to fill unexpired terms in the Senare. Senarors Caraway, Neuberger, and Smith were subsequently elected to fill six-year terms. In 1978 Nancy Landon Kassebaum became the first woman elected to the Senate without first having filled an unexpired term. In 1980 Paula Hawkins became the second woman to be so elected. This report presen:s informat ion on women Members of Congress-informat ion selected from the Biographical Directory of the American Congress for the 65tn through the 91st Congresses and Congressional Directories for the 92d through the 98ih Congresses. Members are listed alphabetically together with information on their appointment or election, their State, Congressional district, parry affiliation, dates of service, committee assignments, and committee chairmanships. (The use of parenthesis in the listing of namas conforms to the usage of tne Biographical ~irecto* of the American Congress.) Table 1 lists women Representatives and Senators by Congress. Table 2 lists women in Congress by State. Chart 1 illustrates the changing number of women serving in Congress. ALPHABETICAL LISTING 51 UEL, HAZEL HEMPEL. Republican; Nebraska, Senator. Elected to the 83d Congress November 2, 1954, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Dwight P. Griswold and filled in the interim by Mrs. Eva Bowring; sworn in and seated November 8, 1954; resigned December 31, 1954. Committee Assignments Congress S. Finance S. Interstate and Foreign Commerce ABZUG, BELLA S. Democrat; New York, 19th Congressional District (92d Congress) and 20 th Congressional District (93d-94th Congresses). Elected to the 92d Congress November 3, 1970; sworn in and seated January 21, 1971; reelected to the 93d-94th Congresses; term expired January 3, 1977. Committee Assignments Congress H. Government Operations H. Public Works 51 Before the adoption of the Twentieth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, effective October 15, 1933, the terms of Representatives and Senators began on March 4th, in conformance with a resolution of the Continental Congress implementing the Constitution (adopted September 13, 1788). The Twentieth Amendment provides inter alia that the terms of Representatives and Senators shall commence at noon-- on January 3, in the year following their election. The first Congress affected by the Twentieth Amendment was the 74 th (1935-1937 1. However, Congress sometimes sets a date other than January 3 for commencement of a new Congress; thus, in this report dates sworn in are sometimes later than January 3 for a Member elected in the general election. In addition, Members elected to fill a vacancy are sworn in and commence their terms as soon as is possible, as do Senators appointed to fill a vacancy. ALLEN, MARYON ?ITT?WF. Democrat; Alabama, Senator. Appointed to the 95th Congress June 8, 1978, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her nusband James B. Allen; sworn in and seated June 11, 1978; term expired January 3, 1979. Commi~teeAssignments Congress S. ~griculture,Nutrition and Fisheries S. Judiciary ANDFSWS, ELIZASETH B. Democrat; Alabama, 3d Congressional District. Elected to the 92d Congress in a special election held April 4, 1972, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, George W. Andrews; sworn in and seated April 10, 1972; term expired January 3, 1973. Committee Assignment Congress 8. Post Office and Civil Service 92d ASHBROOK, JUN. Republican; Dhio, 17 th Congressional District. Elected to the 97th Congress in a special election held June 29, 1982, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, John Milan Ashbrook; sworn in and seated July 12, 1982; term expired January 3, 1983. Cornittee Assignment Congress H. Xerchant Marine and Fisheries 97 th aER, IRENE BAILEY. Republican; Tennessee, 2d Congressional District. Elected to the 88th Congress in a special election held March 10, 196L, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, Howard H. Baker; sworn in and seated ?larch 19, 1964; term expired January 3, 1965. Committee Assipnment -Con mess H. Government Operations 88th BLITCB, IRIS FAIRCLOTH. Democrat; Georgia, 8th Congressional District. Elected to the 84th Congress November 2, 1954; sworn in and seated January 5, 1955; reelected to the 85th-87 th Congresses ; term expired January 3, 1963. Committee Assimment Congress 2. Public Wozks 84th-87th BOGGS, CORINNE C. (LINDY). Democrat; Louisiana, 2d Congressional District. Elected to the 93d Congress in a special election held March 20, 1973, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, Thomas Bale Boggs, Sr.; sworn in and seated March 27, 1973; reelected to the 94th-98th Congresses. Committee Assignments Congress H. Banking and Currency 8. Banking, Currency and Housing H. House Administration H. Appropriations BOLAND, VERONICA GRACE. Democrat; Pennsylvania, 11th Congressional District. Elected to the 77th Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, Patrick J. Boland; sworn in and seated November 19, 1942; term expired January 3, 1943. Committee Assignment Congress None listed 77 th BOLTON, FRANCES PAYNE. Republican; Ohio, 22d Congressional District. Elected to the 76th Congress in a special election held February 27, 1940, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, Chester C. Bolton; sworn in and seated March 5, 1940; reelected to the 77th-90th Congresses; term expired January 3, 1969. Committee Assignments Congres s H. Election of President, Vice President, and Representatives in Congress H. Expenditures in Executive Departments H. Foreign Affairs BOSONE, EVA ZILPW BECK. Democrat; Utah, 2d Congressional District. Elected to the 81st Congress November 2, 1948; sworn in and seated January 3, 1949; reelected to the 82d Congress; term expired January 3, 1953. Committee Assignments Congress H. Public Lands H. House Administration H. Interior and Insular Affairs BOUQUXRD, .?lARILYh' LL0'113. Democrat; Tennessee, 3d Congressional District. Elected to the 94th Congress November 5: !97b; sworn F2 2-2 ses:cd January 14, 1975; reelected to the 95th-98th Congresses. Committee Assi,gnments -Congress H. Public Works H. Science aid Technology K. Public Works and Transportation H. Select Committee on Aging H. Armed Services BOXER, BARBARA. Democrat; Califorcia, 6th Congressional District. Elected to the 98th Congress November 2, 1982; sworn in and seated 3anuary 3, 1983. Committee Assignments -Coneress H. Government Opera~ions B. Merchanr Marine and Fisheries BOWRING, EVA KELLY. Republican; Nebraska, Senator. Appointed to the 83d Congress April 16, 1954, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Dwight P. Griswold; sworn in and seated April 26, 1954; term expired November 8, 1954, after an election was held to fill Griswold's unexpired term. Committee Assignments Congzess S. Interstate and Foreign Commerce S. Labor and Public Welfare S. Post Office and Civil Service BUCKANAN, VERA DAERR. Democrat; Pennsylvania, 30th Congressional District. Elected to the 82d Congress in a special election held July 24, 1951, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, Frank Buchanan; sworn in and seated August 1, 1951; reelected to the 8%-84th Congresses; died in office November 26, 1955.
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