Florida Historical Quarterly Volume 67 Number 4 Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume Article 1 67, Number 4 1988 Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 67, Number 4 Florida Historical Society [email protected] Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida Historical Quarterly by an authorized editor of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Society, Florida Historical (1988) "Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 67, Number 4," Florida Historical Quarterly: Vol. 67 : No. 4 , Article 1. Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol67/iss4/1 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 67, Number 4 Published by STARS, 1988 1 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 67 [1988], No. 4, Art. 1 COVER Florida strawberry field, possibly near Starke, ca. 1910. From a postcard published by the H. & W. B. Drew Company, Jacksonville, Florida. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol67/iss4/1 2 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 67, Number 4 Florida Historical Volume LXVII, Number 4 April 1989 THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL SOCIETY COPYRIGHT 1989 by the Florida Historical Society, Tampa, Florida. Second class postage paid at Tampa and DeLeon Springs, Florida Printed by E. O. Painter Printing Co., DeLeon Springs, Florida. (ISSN 0015-4113) Published by STARS, 1988 3 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 67 [1988], No. 4, Art. 1 THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY Samuel Proctor, Editor Everett W. Caudle, Editorial Assistant EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD David R. Colburn University of Florida Herbert J. Doherty, Jr. University of Florida Michael V. Gannon University of Florida John K. Mahon University of Florida (Emeritus) Jerrell H. Shofner University of Central Florida Charlton W. Tebeau University of Miami (Emeritus) Correspondence concerning contributions, books for review, and all editorial matters should be addressed to the Editor, Florida Historical Quarterly, Box 14045, University Station, Gainesville, Florida 32604-2045. The Quarterly is interested in articles and documents pertaining to the history of Florida. Sources, style, footnote form, original- ity of material and interpretation, clarity of thought, and in- terest of readers are considered. All copy, including footnotes, should be double-spaced. Footnotes are to be numbered con- secutively in the text and assembled at the end of the article. Particular attention should be given to following the footnote style of the Quarterly. The author should submit an original and retain a carbon for security. Authors with access to IBM/ Wordstar programs are asked to submit both a hardcopy and a diskette. The Florida Historical Society and the Editor of the Florida Historical Quarterly accept no responsibility for statements made or opinions held by authors. The Quarterly reviews books dealing with all aspects of Florida history. Books to be reviewed should be sent to the Editor together with price and information on how they can be ordered. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol67/iss4/1 4 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 67, Number 4 Table of Contents JOHN WALLACE AND THE WRITING OF RECONSTRUCTION HISTORY James C. Clark 409 SETTLEMENT PATTERNS IN ALACHUA COUNTY, FLORIDA, 1850-1860 Everett W. Caudle 428 "A GANG OF PIRATES": THE CONFEDERATE LIGHTHOUSE RAIDS IN SOUTHEAST FLORIDA, 1861 Rodney E. Dillon, Jr. 441 WILLIAM ALEXANDER BLOUNT: DEFENDER OF THE OLD SOUTH AND ADVOCATE OF A NEW SOUTH Thomas Muir, Jr. 458 NOTES AND DOCUMENTS: FLORIDA LIBRARY ACQUISITIONS AND ACCESSIONS . 477 B OOK REVIEWS . 481 BOOK NOTES . 517 HISTORY NEWS . 528 DIRECTORS MEETING . 534 INDEX TO VOLUME LXVII . 539 Published by STARS, 1988 5 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 67 [1988], No. 4, Art. 1 BOOK REVIEWS LOUIS WILLIAM DUBOURG: BISHOP OF LOUISIANA AND THE FLORIDAS, BISHOP OF MONTAUBAN, AND ARCHBISHOP OF BESANÇON, 1766-1833. Vol- ume one, SCHOOLMAN, 1766-1818; volume two, BISHOP IN Two WORLDS: 1818-1833, by Annabelle M. Melville reviewed by Michael J. McNally MELBOURNE VILLAGE: THE FIRST TWENTY-FIVE YEARS (1946-1971), by Richard C. Crepeau, reviewed by Donald W. Curl LA DEFENSA DE LAS INDIAS, 1764-1799, by Julio Albi, reviewed by Eugene Lyon INTIMACY AND POWER IN THE OLD SOUTH: RITUAL IN THE LIVES OF THE PLANTERS, by Steven M. Stowe, reviewed by William Henry Longton THE EMERGENCE OF THE COTTON KINGDOM IN THE OLD SOUTHWEST: MIS- SISSIPPI, 1770-1860, by John Hebron Moore reviewed by Richard S. Kirkendall MCINTOSH AND WEATHERFORD, CREEK INDIAN LEADERS, by Benjamin W. Griffith, Jr., reviewed by Theda Perdue BATTLE CRY OF FREEDOM: THE CIVIL WAR ERA, by James M. McPherson reviewed by Bertram Wyatt-Brown ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS OF GEORGIA: A BIOGRAPHY, by Thomas E. Schott reviewed by John M. Belohlavek FROM CIVIL WAR TO CIVIL RIGHTS: ALABAMA: 1860-1960, compiled by Sarah Woolfolk Wiggins, reviewed by Jerrell H. Shofner WHITE VIOLENCE AND BLACK RESPONSE: FROM RECONSTRUCTION TO MONTGOMERY, by Herbert Shapiro, reviewed by William F. Holmes ONCE A CIGAR MAKER: MEN, WOMEN, AND WORK CULTURE IN AMERICAN CIGAR FACTORIES, 1900-1919, by Patricia A. Cooper reviewed by Gary R. Mormino SOUTHERNERS AND EUROPEANS: ESSAYS IN A TIME OF DISORDER, by Andrew Lytle, reviewed by Anne E. Rowe THE BINGHAMS OF LOUISVILLE: THE DARK HISTORY BEHIND ONE OF AMERICA'S GREAT FORTUNES, by David Leon Chandler with Mary Voltz Chan- dler HOUSE OF DREAMS: THE BINGHAM FAMILY OF LOUISVILLE, by Marie Brenner, reviewed by James C. Clark VARIETIES OF SOUTHERN RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE, edited by Samuel S. Hill reviewed by Gaines M. Foster SOUTHERN CIVIL RELIGIONS IN CONFLICT: BLACK AND WHITE BAPTISTS AND CIVIL RIGHTS, 1947-1957, by Andrew Michael Manis reviewed by Monroe Billington BLACKS IN SOUTHERN POLITICS, edited by Laurence W. Moreland,Robert P. Steed, and Tod A. Baker, reviewed by William A. Link THE MAKING OF URBAN AMERICA, edited by Raymond A. Mohl reviewed by James B. Crooks INDIANS IN AMERICAN HISTORY, AN INTRODUCTION, edited by Frederick Hoxie, reviewed by John H. Peterson AMERICAN INDIAN HOLOCAUST AND SURVIVAL: A POPULATION HISTORY SINCE 1942, by Russell Thornton, reviewed by Henry F. Dobyns THE BUSINESS OF JEWS IN LOUISIANA, 1840-1875, by Elliott Ashkenazi reviewed by Richard B. Latner https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol67/iss4/1 6 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 67, Number 4 JOHN WALLACE AND THE WRITING OF RECONSTRUCTION HISTORY by JAMES C. CLARK ohn Wallace, who rose from slavery to become a leading black Jpolitician in Florida during Reconstruction, has been nearly forgotten, while other black leaders have received overdue rec- ognition for their accomplishments. Unlike those who are re- membered for advancing the cause of blacks, Wallace left be- hind a different legacy—a book that was critical of his fellow blacks and Radical Republicans, and frequently complimentary of white conservation Democrats. The book, Carpetbag Rule in Florida: The Inside Workings of Civil Government in Florida After the Close of the Civil War, published in Jacksonville in 1888, became a major source for a generation of historians who were critical of Reconstruction and who quoted Wallace liberally without exa- mining his motivation or background.1 A century after the ap- pearance of the book, it remains unclear whether Wallace was the true author of the work that influenced the writing of Re- construction history or whether someone else was responsible. Although Wallace was critical of Reconstruction, his life is an example of what happened to many blacks in the South who obtained position and power during Reconstruction only to lose it when Federal troops were withdrawn after 1876 and Democ- rats regained political control. Wallace was born a slave in Gates County, North Carolina, in 1842. When a detachment of Fed- eral troops moved through northeastern North Carolina in late February 1862, Wallace either escaped or was taken off by Union soldiers. He made his way to Washington, DC, and on August 15, 1863, enlisted in Company D of the Second Colored Infantry as a substitute.2 His unit first trained at Camp Casey in James C. Clark is a doctoral student, University of Florida. 1. John Wallace, Carpetbag Rule in Florida: The Inside Workings of Civil Govern- ment in Florida After the Close of the Civil War (Jacksonville, 1888; reprint ed., Gainesville, 1964). 2. Enlistment papers of John Wallace, August 15, 1863, Index to the United States Colored Troops, M589, reel 90, National Archives, Washington, DC. [409] Published by STARS, 1988 7 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 67 [1988], No. 4, Art. 1 410 F LORIDA H ISTORICAL Q UARTERLY John Wallace. Reprinted from his book, Carpetbag Rule in Florida. northern Virginia and in December 1863 was ordered to Ship Island, Mississippi, a Union-held fortress off the coast of Biloxi that was being used as a staging area for the attack on New Orleans. On February 13, 1864, Wallace’s unit was transferred to Key West, Florida, and one week later he was involved in a brief skirmish at Fort Myers. During the fighting a cannonball exploded near him throwing dirt into his eyes. Although Wal- lace did not seek medical help at the time, he complained about the injury for the remainder of his life. Wallace was part of the expedition that left Key West aboard the steamer Honduras on February 23, 1865, under orders to https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol67/iss4/1 8 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 67, Number 4 J OHN W ALLACE 411 sail up the coast to Cedar Key and than to rendezvous with the Federal naval units blockading the Florida Gulf coast off Apalachee Bay. On March 4, 1865, the Union troops landed near St. Marks. Two days later, as they were advancing north of Newport, they were met at Natural Bridge by approximately 1,500 Confederates who forced them to retreat to their vessels.