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85-106 GOV: Women in the United States Congress

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85-106 GOV: Women in the United States Congress LC l4.42: 85- /O6 GOV. Report No. 85-106 GOV WOMEN IN THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS GOVERNMENT DOCUMENS by COLLECTION Mildred L. Amer Analyst in American National Government Government Division July 13, 1983 Revised April 24, 1985 The Congressional Research Service works exclusively for the Congress, conducting research, analyzing legislation, and providing information at the request of committees, Mem- bers, and their staffs. The Service makes such research available, without parti- san bias, in many forms including studies, reports, compila- tions, digests, and background briefings. Upon request, CRS assists committees in analyzing legislative proposals and issues, and in assessing the possible effects of these proposals and their alternatives. The Service's senior specialists and subject analysts are also available for personal consultations in their respective fields of expertise. ABSTRACT This report identifies women who have served as U.S. Senators or Representatives. It notes their party affiliation, the States they have represented, the dates of their appointment or election, the length of their service, their committee assignments, and their service in committee chairmanships. This report is based in part on an earlier CRS report by Barbara Schwemle. ABSTRACT.. ................................................................. iii INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 1 ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF WOMEN MEMBERS ...................................... 5 TABLE 1. Women in Congress. 65th-99th Congresses. by Congress ............. 35 TABLE 2 . Women in Congress. 65th-99th Congresses. by State................ 47 TABLE 3 . Number of Women in the U.S. Congress. 65th-99th Congresses ....... 53 CHART 1 . Number of Women in U.S. Congress. 65th-99th Congresses ........... 54 The author wishes to credit Larry Nunley with the secretarial production of this report . INTRODUCTION There have been 120 women elected or appointed to the U.S. Congress. Jeannette Rankin of Montanta has the distinction of being the first woman elected to serve in the Congress. On November 9, 1916, she was elected to the House of Representatives as Montana's Representative-At-Large to the 65th Congress (1917-1919). Since that time, 119 other women have served in Congress. The 25 women serving in the 99th Congress, 23 in the House and 2 in the Senate, represent the largest number of women ever to serve in a single congress. There have been 106 women elected to the House. -11 Of these, 39 were elected to fill vacancies caused by the death or resignation of a Member. Thirty-two of these were first elected to fill vacancies caused by the death of their husband, and 16 have been subsequently reelected to their own terms. One woman was elected to complete the term of her father who died in office. There have been 15 women elected or appointed to the Senate. Margaret Chase Smith of Maine is the only woman to have served in both Houses. She was elected to the House to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, and served from June 10, 1940, until January 3, 1949, when she began her Senate service. When she left the Senate on January 3, 1973, she had served there longer than any other woman (24 years), a distinction she still enjoys. Rebecca Latimer Felton of Georgia was the first woman to serve in the Senate. She was appointed in 1922 to fill the unexpired term of a Senator who -1/ Includes one delegate from Hawaii. had died in office. In addition to being the first woman Senator, Ms. FeLton holds two other Senate records. Her tenure in the Senate has been the shortest ever (one day), and at the age of 87, she was the oldest person ever to begin Senate service. Nancy Landon Kassebaum of Kansas and Paula Hawkins of Florida, both of whom are serving in the 99th Congress, are the only women to have been elected to the Senate without having first been elected to Congress to fill unexpired terms of Members who resigned or died in office. Ms. Kassebaum was first elected to the 96th Congress (1979-1981) and Ms. Hawkins was first elected to the 97th Congress (1981-1983). Senators Kassebaum and Hawkins are also among only five women who have been elected to full six-year Senate terms. The others were Hattie Caraway of Arkansas, Maurine Neuberger of Oregon, and Margaret Chase Smith of Maine. Five women elected to Congress, all to the House, have been black. The first was Shirley Chisholm of New York who served from 1969 to 1973. The others were Yvonne Braithwaite Burke, Barbara Jordan, Katie Hall, and Cardiss Collins, who is serving in the 99th Congress. Seven women, to date, have chaired congressional committees. They were Senator Hattie W. Caraway and Representatives Martha W. Griffiths, Mae Ella Nolan, Mary T. Norton, Caroline L. O'Day, Leonor K. Sullivan, and Edith N. Rogers. Ms. Rogers, from Massachusetts, also holds the longevity record of House service by women. She was elected to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband and served from 1925 until her death in 1960. This report presents information on women Members of Congress--information selected from the Biographical Directory of the American Congress for the 65th through the 91st Congresses and Congressional Directories for the 92d through the 98th Congresses. Members are listed alphabetically together with information on their appointment or election, their State, congressional district, party affiliation, dates of service, committee assignments, and committee chairmanships. Table 1 lists women Representatives and Senators by Congress. Table 2 lists women in Congress by State. Table 3 lists the number of women, by Congress, who have served; and chart 1 illustrates the changing number of women serving in Congress since 1917. ALPHABETICAL LISTING -2/ ABEL, HAZEL HEMPEL. Republican; Nebraska, Senator. Elected to the 83d Congress November 2, 1954, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Dwight P. Griswold and filled in the interim by Mrs. Eva Bowring; sworn in and seated November 8, 1954; resigned December 31, 1954. Committee Assignments Congress S. Finance S. Interstate and Foreign Commerce ABZUG, BELLA S. Democrat; New York, 19th Congressional District (92d Congress) and 20th Congressional District (93d-94th Congresses). Elected to the 92d Congress November 3, 1970; sworn in and seated January 21, 1971; reelected to the 93d-94th Congresses; term expired January 3, 1977. Committee Assignments Congress H. Government Operations H. Public Works 21 Before the adoption of the Twentieth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, effective October 15, 1933, the terms of Representatives and Senators began on March 4th, in conformance with a resolution of the Continental Congress implementing the Constitution (adopted September 13, 1788). The Twentieth Amendment provides -inter --alia that the terms of Representatives and Senators shall commence at noon on January 3, in the year following their election. The first Congress affected by the Twentieth Amendment was the 74th (1935-1937). However, Congress sometimes sets a date other than January 3 for commencement of a new Congress; thus, in this report dates sworn in are sometimes later than January 3 for a Member elected in the general election. In addition, Members elected to fill a vacancy are sworn in and commence their terms as soon as is possible, as do Senators appointed to fill a vacancy. ALLEN, MARYON PITTMAN. Democrat; Alabama, Senator. Appointed to the 95th Congress June 8, 1978, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband James B. Allen; sworn in and seated June 12, 1978; term expired January 3, 1979. Committee Assignments Congress S. Agriculture, Nutrition and Fisheries S. Judiciary ANDREWS, ELIZABETH B. Democrat; Alabama, 3d Congressional District. Elected to the 92d Congress in a special election held April 4, 1972, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, George W. Andrews; sworn in and seated April 10, 1972; term expired January 3, 1973. Committee Assignment Congress H. Post Office and Civil Service 92d ASHBROOK, JEAN. Republican; Ohio, 17th Congressional District. Elected to the 97th Congress in a special election held June 29, 1982, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, John Milan Ashbrook; sworn in and seated July 12, 1982; term expired January 3, 1983. Committee Assignment Congress H. Merchant Marine and Fisheries 97th BAKER, IRENE BAILEY. Republican; Tennessee, 2d Congressional District. Elected to the 88th Congress in a special election held March 10, 1964, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, Howard H. Baker; sworn in and seated March 19, 1964; term expired January 3, 1965. Committee Assignment Congress H. Government Operations 88th BENTLEY, HELEN DELICH. Republican; Maryland, 2d Congressional District. Elected to the 99th Congress November 6, 1984; sworn in and seated January 3, 1985. Committee Assignments Congress H. Merchant Marine and Fisheries H. Public Works and Transportation H. Select Aging BLITCH, IRIS FAIRCLOTH. Democrat; Georgia, 8th Congressional District. Elected to the 84th Congress November 2, 1954; sworn in and seated January 5, 1955; reelected to the 85th-87th Congresses; term expired January 3, 1963. Committee Assignment Congress H. Public Works 84th-87th BOGGS, CORINNE C. (LINDY). Democrat; Louisiana, 2d Congressional District. Elected to the 93d Congress in a special election held March 20, 1973, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, Thomas Hale Boggs, Sr.; sworn in and seated March 27, 1973; reelected to the 94th-99th Congresses. Committee Assi~nments Congress H. Banking and Currency 93d H. Banking, Currency and Housing 94th H. House Administration 94th H. Appropriations 95th-99th H. Select Children, Youth, and Families 99th BOLAND, VERONICA GRACE. Democrat; Pennsylvania, 11th Congressional District. Elected to the 77th Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, Patrick J. Boland; sworn in and seated November 19, 1942; term expired January 3, 1943.
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