WOMEN IN POLITICS IN THE FIFTIES: As Voters, and Politicians

EISENHOWER, DWIGHT D.: Records as President (White House Central Files), 1953-61 Official File Box 587 OF 138-A-4 Elections and Voting, Congressional Elections & Voting, January- July 1954 (1) [strategy for televised appeal to women voters] Box 592 OF OF 138-A-9 Elections and Voting, Congressional Elections & Voting, 1958 (8) [Women’s Div. of the National Citizens for Eisenhower-Nixon Comm.] Box 596 OF 138-C-1-A Women's Division [Rep. Nat. Comm.] Box 600 OF 138-C-4-D TV Panel with Women, October 24, 1956 Box 601 OF 138-C-6 Republican Party, Citizens for Eisenhower Congressional Committees (8) [California Women’s Division 1958 ‘Scissors Brigade” campaign program] Box 710 OF 158 Women OF 158-A Equal Rights for Women, Woman’s Enfranchisement Day

General File Box 476 GF 109-A-1 Women's Republican National Committee, 1952-53 (1) (2) GF 109-A-1 Women, 1954 (1) (2) GF 109-A-1 Women, 1955 (1) (2) Box 477 GF 109-A-1 Women, 1956 GF 109-A-1 Women, 1957 GF 109-A-1 Women, 1958 GF 109-A-1 Women, 1959-1960 Box 1058 GF 136 Women, 1952-1953 (1) (2) GF 136 Women, 1954 GF 136 Women, 1955 Box 1059 GF 136 Women, 1956 GF 136 Women, 1957 GF 136 Women, 1958-1959-1960 GF 136-A Equal Rights for Women (1)-(3)

Presidents Personal File Box 825 PPF 47 League of Women Voters of the United States Box 872 PPF 49-B-1 Women's Division, Republican National Committee PPF 49-B-1 Bertha Adkins’ Breakfasts for Repub. Women, 1955 (1) (2) Box 894 PPF 49-B-17 National Federation of Republican Women Box 930 PPF 60 Women Box 939 PPF 269 Bolton, Frances P. Box 951 PPF 514 Luce, Clare Boothe Box 960 PPF 825 Gunderson, Mrs. Robert W. [Barbara] Box 963 PPF 946 Smith, Margaret Chase (United State Senate) Box 964 PPF 970 Howard, Mrs. Katherine

Alphabetical File Box 3 Abel, Hazel B. (Senator) Box 19 Adkins, B Box 188 Barker, Winifred Box 268 Bethune, Mary McLeod (only) Box 352 Bolton, Frances P. (only) Box 620 Cleary, Catherine S. (only) Box 1274 Gunderson, Mrs. Robert W. [Barbara] (only) [3 folders] Box 1483 Howard, Katherine G. (only) Box 1801 League of Women Voters (only) Box 1880 Lord, Mrs. Oswald B. (Mary P.) (only) Box 1894 Luce, Clare Booth (only) [7 folders] Box 2218 National Federation of Republican Women (only) Box 2717 St. George, Katherine (only) Box 2909 Smith, Margaret Chase (only) [7 folders] Box 2994 Stevenson, Suzanne S.

EISENHOWER, DWIGHT D.: Papers as President (Ann Whitman File), 1953-1961 Administrative Series Box 20 Hobby, Oveta Culp

Ann Whitman Diary Series Box 3 ACW Diary December 1954 (5)

Campaign Series Box 1 List of Pre-Convention Ike Workers

DDE Diary Series Box 9 Diary--Copies of DDE personal [1955-56] (1) Box 28 November ’57 Staff Notes Box 31 Staff Notes March 1958 (2)

Name Series Box 3 Bolton, Cong. Frances P. Box 16 Gunderson, Barbara (1)-(3) Box 24 Odlum, Jacqueline Cochran Box 31 Smith, Margaret Chase

Speech Series Box 7 Republican Women, April 8, 1954 League of Women Voters, 4/26/54 Box 12 Republican Women, 5/10/55 Box 18 Women Ask the President, 10/24/56 Box 25 Republican Women’s Meeting, 3/18/58 (1) (2)

ADKINS, BERTHA S.: Papers, 1907-1989 Personal Files Series Box 11 [Personal correspondence, 1952-1960, Theodore McKeldin]

Republican Party Activities Series Box 14 Report of Republican Study Committee 1948 [Republican National Committee] (1)-(3) 1949 [Republican National Committee] (1) (2) 1950 [Republican National Committee] Proceedings: Policy Committee, Republican National Committee, 1950 [1950 Maryland Senatorial Election Controversy] (1) (2) [Republican National Committee, 1952-1953] [Republican National Committee, 1954] [Adkins’ Reception, February, 1954] Box 15 [Republican National Committee, 1955] (1) (2) [Poll Takers, 1955] (1) (2) [Republican National Committee, 1956] (1)-(3) [Republican National Committee, 1957] (1) (2) Young Republican National Convention, June 1957 Kentucky Trip, August 18-20, 1957 Virginia Trip, September 16-21, 1957 Box 16 California Trip, October 6-17, 1957 (1) (2) New Jersey Trip, October 22-23, 1957 Michigan Trip, October 23-24, 1957 Delaware Trip, October 30, 1957 Rhode Island Trip, November 7, 1957 West Virginia Trip, November 13, 1957 Pennsylvania Trip, November 21, 1957 [Republican National Committee, 1958] (1)-(3) Maryland Primary Election, 1958 Work and Win: A Handbook for National Committeewomen & State Vice Chairmen of the Republican Party (1) (2) Box 17 [Republican Party Activities, 1959] (1) (2) [Republican Committee on Program and Progress: Corresp., 1959] (1)-(3) Tentative Draft Report: Task Force on Human Rights and Needs Tentative Draft Report: Task Force on National Security and Peace Tentative Draft Report: Task Force on Economic Opportunity & Progress [Republican Committee on Program and Progress: Notes and Drafts] [Republican Committee on Program and Progress: A Summary Report] Transcript of Proceedings, Republican Committee on Program & Progress. Sunday Morning Breakfast Session, July 19, 1959 Box 18 [Republican Party Activities, n.d.] Republican National Committee News Releases, 1949, 1953 Republican National Committee News Releases, 1955 Republican National Committee News Releases, 1956 Republican National Committee News Releases, 1958-1959 Republican National Committee News Releases, 1960 [Republican National Committee & Women’s Division Finances, 1950-57] Box 19 Maryland GOP Organization Lists, 1948-1958 (1)-(3) Women’s Division, Republican National Committee, 1952 Women’s Division, Republican National Committee, 1953 Women’s Division, Republican National Committee, 1954 Women’s Division, Republican National Committee, 1955 Women’s Division, Republican National Committee, 1956 Women’s Division, Republican National Committee, 1957-1958 Box 20 Work Now…Win in November, The Sixth Annual Republican Women’s Conference, March 16-18, 1958 (1) (2) Women in the Public Service, 1959 Women’s Division, Republican National Committee, 1959 Box 21 Women in Politics: Bulletin of Women’s Activities, Republican National Committee, 1953-1962 [Federation of Republican Women, 1954-1976] [Republican Women] [1956 Presidential Campaign] Box 21 [1956 Republican National Convention] Box 22 [Presidential Inauguration, 1953] (1) (2) [Presidential Inauguration, 1957] National Center for Education in Politics

Speaking Engagements Series Box 43 Copies of Speeches: Political Speeches [“Women in Politics” & “Two-Party System,” Virginia, Sep. 16-21, 1957]

Newspaper Clippings Series Box 66 Newspaper clippings, 1950 Newspaper clippings, 1951-1952 Newspaper clippings, 1953 Newspaper clippings, 1954 Newspaper clippings, 1955 Newspaper clippings, 1956 (1)-(3) Newspaper clippings, January-March, 1957 Newspaper clippings, April-May, 1957 Newspaper clippings, June-September, 1957 Newspaper clippings, October-December, 1957 Box 67 Newspaper clippings, January-February, 1958 Newspaper clippings, March, 1958 Newspaper clippings, April-May, 1958 Newspaper clippings, June, 1958 Newspaper clippings, July, 1958 Newspaper clippings, August, 1958 Newspaper clippings, September-December, 1958 Newspaper clippings, 1959

Photograph Albums and Scrapbooks Series Box 69 Photos – Bertha S. Adkins [Photographs, ca. 1951-1960] [Photograph album: HEW swearing-in ceremony and farewell party at Republican National Committee] Photos of Miss Bertha Adkins, Under Secretary of HEW [also RNC, c. 1952- 1958] [Photo album: women in government] [Photographs removed from frames] Republican Campaign, 1956 [Scrapbook, 1948-1952] (2) (3) Box 70 [Scrapbook, 1948-1952] (4)-(6) [Scrapbook: Inauguration, 1957] [Scrapbook: Political Activities, 1955-1957] (1) (2) [Scrapbook: Womanpower, 1955-1957] [Scrapbook: Political Appointments, 1956-1957] Box 71 Scrapbook: May 21-June 14, 1948, June 10, 1958 Scrapbook: January 4-24, 1952 Box 72 Scrapbook, 1952-1953 [August 8, 1952-June 8, 1953] (1) (2) Miss Adkins’ Scrapbook, 1953 [July 9, 1952-January 20, 1953] Box 73 Scrapbook, 1953-1954 Scrapbook, 1954 [May 20, 1954-December 24, 1954] (1) (2) Box 74 Scrapbook, 1955 [January 23, 1955-December 29, 1955] (1) (2) Scrapbook, 1956 [January 13, 1956-July 29, 1956] (1) (2) Box 75 Campaign of 1956, Inauguration, January 1957 (1) (2) Box 76 Press Clippings Scrapbook, 1956-1957 [Oct. 26, 1956-January 22, 1957] (1)-(6) Box 77 Scrapbook, July 21, 1958-August 19, 1958 (1)-(4) Box 78 Scrapbook: 1958-1959 [July 22, 1958-May 31, 1959] (1) (2) Box 79 Scrapbook, 1959-1960 [May 17, 1959-March 11, 1960] (1) (2)

COCHRAN, JAQUELINE: Papers, 1932-1975 Eisenhower Campaign Series Box 1 Eisenhower - General File 1952 (1)-(7) [Eisenhower] Bets on Republican Convention and Election Eisenhower (Clippings) 1952 (1)-(7) Box 2 [Eisenhower] Political Clippings Eisenhower: Contributions to campaign fund Eisenhower File - Correspondence with General Eisenhower (1)-(3) Eisenhower Campaign 1952 - Correspondence with Tex McCrary [Eisenhower Crusade in American Chart] [Eisenhower Inauguration Program 1953] (1)(2) Eisenhower - Leaflets, Literature, etc. (1)(2) [Eisenhower] Disney TV Short: Made during Eisenhower campaign Eisenhower - Wires of Congratulations [Events] Eisenhower Cocktail Party for Foreign Groups 1/31/52 [Events] Eisenhower Rally - Feb. 8, 1952 Madison Square Garden [Events] Eisenhower Rally Clippings (1)(2) Box 3 [Events] Eisenhower Rally Clippings (3) [Events] Eisenhower - Republican Convention Chicago - 1952 (1)-(6) [Events] Eisenhower: Los Angeles (1)-(7) [Events] Touchdown Dinner Eisenhower-Nixon October 22, 1952

Primary Political Files Series, 1955-1956 There are 19 boxes relating to Cochran unsuccessful campaign for Congress. These files represent a good overview of the campaign.] Box 4 Filing Day - Mar. 7, 1956 (1)-(4) Box 5 Republican Fund Raising Dinner, El Mirador Hotel, Palm Springs Mar. 21, 1956 ‘Salute to Jackie’ Rally, Indio May 27, 1956 (1)-(5) Box 6 Address Book (Political Section) used during primary campaign-obsolete Autograph Requests Ballot (Sample) from Riverside County Clerk’s Office Campaign Organization: Chairmen & Vice-Chairmen (1)(2) Campaign Organization: Indio [Campaign Planning Notebook] (1)(2) Campaign Procedures Central Committees of Riverside & Imperial Certificate of Nomination as Republican Candidate - from Sec. Of State Conference Notes & Plans (1)(2) Confidential Letters: Bennett, Merritt, Hablein [Dalip Saund’s campaign strategy] Box 7 Contributions to JCO Primary Campaign Daily Phone Calls - Other Reports to JC (1)-(4) Endorsements of JCO’s Candidacy Finances: Treasurer’s Correspondence 1956 (1)-(4) [Finances: Treasurer’s Working Papers] (1)(2) Box 8 League of Women Voters, Lists- Riverside and Arlington Letters from Various People for Publicity [James Doolittle, Edgar Eisenhower, Gen. Barney Giles, Gen. George Kenney, etc.] Box 9 Politics (1)-(5) Primary Election Returns: June 5, 1956 (1)-(3) Speech Book (1)-(4) [copies of major campaign speeches by JC] Water - Saline Water Conversion Reports (1)-(3) Box 17 Campaign Literature and Stationery (1)-(3) Campaign Literature, Billboards, etc. (1)(2) Box 18 [Campaign Statements - Notebook] (1)-(3) Letters to be used in Campaign Publicity Plan for Effective Grass Roots Representation: JCO (1)(2) Platform: JCO (1)-(4) Box 19 Radio Scripts (Suggested by FBO) (1)(2) Radio Series Scripts (1)-(4) Radio Series Scripts: Ed Ainsworth

HOBBY, OVETA CULP: Papers, 1952-1995 Box 1 1952 Eisenhower - Citizens for, Advisory Council 1952 Eisenhower - Democrats for 1952 Eisenhower - Editorials 1952 Eisenhower - General Correspondence 1952 Eisenhower - Material brought in by Mrs. Hobby & to be kept together 1952 Eisenhower - Mrs. Hobby’s Statement 1952 Eisenhower committee - Speakers’ Bureau Box 3 1952 Eisenhower – Speeches April 1-5, 1952 Box 13 Republican Club - Women's Republican Club, Knox County, Tennessee Republican National Committee - Women in Politics Box 14 Republican Women of Pennsylvania Republican Women - National Federation of Republican Women's Club - California - Altadena Box 33 Republican National Committee, Women's Division, Washington, D.C., … February 3, 1953 - Women's National Press Club, Congressional Hotel, … Thursday, April 23, 1953 - Republican National Committee, Women's … Thursday, May 21, 1953 - Recording, … "Women in Government" … Box 34 Tuesday, May 26, 1953 - B'Nai B'Rith, … Award of "Women of the Year"… Wednesday, May 27, 1953 - General Federation of women's Clubs … Box 36 Women's International Exposition - New York City - Monday, November 2 … Box 37 Thursday, February 4, 1954 - Women's Meeting Republican National … Box 38 Sunday, March 28, 1954 (Evening) The Temple, Women's Organization … Box 39 Speech - Women's Luncheon, American Society of Newspaper Editors, … Box 40 June 30, 1954 - …Women's National Press Club, Washington, D.C. Box 45 May 10, 1955 - Republican Women's Spring Conference, Washington, D.C. May 23, 1955 - Republican Women's Finance Committee, … Box 46 Speech - Women's National Press Club Inauguration …

HOWARD, KATHERINE G.: Papers, 1917-1974 Box 4 Federation of Republican Women's Organizations (Ohio) [speech] Federation of Women's Republican Clubs of New York State [speech] Indiana University [speech] Box 5 League of Republican Women [speech] Box 8 Olney Dinner for Representative Women (1)-(5) Box 12 Women in Government Women in Government Luncheon, July 22, 1954 Box 14 Christ Church Cathedral [speech “On Being a Woman”] Correspondence, 1953 (2)-(5) Box 17 Smith College Club, Washington [speech] Women's Advertising Club of St. Louis Box 18 Business and Professional Women's Republican Club of Massachusetts Campaign, 1952 – Clippings (1) (2) Campaign, 1952 – Correspondence (1)-(3) Campaign, 1952 – Miscellaneous Campaign, 1952 – Schedules (1)-(9) Campaign, 1952 – State and Local GOP Leadership Campaign, 1956 Box 19 Campaign Strategy Committtee, 1952 - Clippings Falmouth Women's Republican Club [speech – “Inside the National Scene”] Ike Day, 1956 – Clippings Ike Day, 1956 - Correspondence Box 20 Ike Day, 1956 – Miscellaneous Ike Day, 1956 – Planning Material (1) (2) Inauguration, 1953 Inauguration, 1957 Maine Federation of Women's Republican Clubs [speech] Massachusetts Federation of Republican Women Massachusetts Republican Finance Committee [Memorabilia] Box 21 Miscellaneous Clippings, 1950-1960 Miscellaneous Correspondence [appointment of women to administrative posts] Box 22 Nassau County Federation of Republican Women, Oyster Bay, … [speech] National Committee Women of the Year, 1952 [speech] National Federation of Women's Republican Clubs Neighbor to Neighbor Fund Raising Campaign, 1950 New England Council of Young Republicans [ speech] New Haven County Republican Women's Association [speech] New Haven County Republican Club, Salem, Connecticut [speech] New York State Federation of Women's Republican Clubs Pennsylvania Council of Republican Women [“A Women Looks at Public Office”] Republican Convention, 1952 Republican Convention, 1956 (1)-(3) Box 23 Republican National Convention, 1956 (4)-(6) Republican National Committee – Clippings, 1952 Republican National Committee – Correspondence, 1953-1957 (1)-(3) Republican National Committee, Membership Lists, 1952-1954 Republican National Committee – Publications (1) (2) Box 24 Republican Women of Pennsylvania Republican Women's Centennial Conference, 1954 Republican Workers Salute Dinner, 1957 Southern California Republican Women's Club [speech] Suffolk County Republican Club, Boston [speech “Inside Stories of Republican Plans & Policies”] Wheaton Dinner (Anne Wheaton) Women's Group of the Republican Club, Great Neck, New York [speech] Women in Politics (1)-(5) Worcester County Women's Republican Club [speech]

LOOMIS, PAT : Papers, 1952-90 Box 1 Articles (1) (2) [magazine and newspaper articles re DDE, 1952-90] Eisenhower Campaign Sept. 2-Nov. 4, 1952 [printed DDE itinerary] Guest Book [book signed by visitors to campaign headquarters, Commodore Hotel, Aug. 26-Dec. 29, 1952] Memos (1) (2) Newspapers (1) (2) Press Releases Texas Visit Oct. 14-15, 1952 [printed schedules] Train Schedules (1)-(3) [printed schedules & boarding lists]

LORD, MARY PILLSBURY: Papers, 1941-1972 Box 1 1953 Correspondence 1954 Correspondence 1955 Correspondence 1956 Correspondence 1957 Correspondence 1958 Correspondence 1959 Correspondence 1960 Correspondence

NATIONAL FEDERATION OF REPUBLICAN WOMEN: Records, 1933-1960 This entire collection contains records relating to activities of this organization, both on the national and state level. Some of the records are mentioned below, but researchers may want to see the finding aid for more specific information. Boxes 17-20 State Files, 1941-1951 [Arranged alphabetically by state, these file contain records from local clubs including constitutions, by-laws, minutes from meetings, etc.] Box 20 Revisions and By-Laws Committee Public Relations Standing Committees Membership Committee Box 21 Campaign Activities Committee Box 22 National Program Planning Committee (1) (2) Boxes 23-35 State Files, 1952-1954 Boxes 36-42 State Files, 1955-1956 Boxes 43-46 State Files, 1957-1958 Box 105 Campaign Assistance to Republican Candidates, 1950 Box 106 Campaign Projects--1952--National (1)(2) Box 108 Interview with Prominent Women League of Women Voters Campaign Activities Committee Box 112 Replies to Request for Statement on Republican Platform & Principles Box 114 School of Politics Box 116 Campaign Activities 1953 Box 119 Women's Division (RNC) 1953 Box 122 Campaign Activities Committee Box 125 Women's Division - Monthly Mailings Women in Politics (RNC Bulletin) Box 127 Campaign Activities Committee Box 128 "Neighbor-to-Neighbor" Fund Raising Drive, Oct. 1-14, 1957 Recommendations from States on Qualified Women for Committee and Special Appointments 1957

REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE: News clippings and publications, 1932-65 Library Files Series Box 27 Edwards, India, 1952-1954 Box 47 League of Women Voters (1) Box 48 Leopold, Alice Box 49 Louchheim, Katie Box 56 National Women’s Party Box 74 RNC Women’s Division

Clippings Files Series Box 153 Congress: Women – 1943-Dec. 31, 1953 Congress: Women – Jan. 1, 1954- Box 170 Democratic Party: Women [1939-1960 Democratic Party: Women – Meeting, Washington, D.C., April 20, 1958 Box 172 States: (Calif.): Dem. – Douglas, Helen Gahaghan Box 174 Georgia: Dems – Blitch, Iris (Representative) Box 175 Idaho: Dems. – Pfost, Gracie Box 177 Louisiana: Dems – Gravel Camille Box 187 Pennsylvania: Dems. – Buchanan, Vera Pennsylvania: Dems. – Granahan, Kathrun E. (Rep. 2nd District) Box 190 Utah: Dems. – Bosone, Reva Beck Box 191 West Virginia: Dems. – Kee, Maude Elizabeth Wisconsin: Dems. – Phillips, Vel (Mrs.) Box 348 Howard, Katharine G. (Mrs.), 1955-1960 Box 386 Lee, Dorothy McCullough (Subversive Activity Control Board) Box 387 Lord, Mrs. Oswald P. [1952-55] Box 388 Luce, Clare Boothe [6 folders] Box 392 Meyer, Agnes E. [1953-1964] Box 394 Nash, Ruth Cowan [1957-58] Box 411 Rosenberg, Anna M. [1938-1963] Box 412 Spaulding, Jane M. [1953-54] Box 435 Williams, Clare (Mrs. Frank C.) Asst. to Chairman Alcorn Box 486 Negroes: Women Box 495 Organizations: Women: “Liberty Belles” Box 543 [Press]: Eleanor Roosevelt: “My Day” August 1955-June 1956 [Press]: Eleanor Roosevelt: “My Day” June 1956-January 1957 [Press]: Eleanor Roosevelt: “My Day” January 1957- (1) (2) Box 544 [Press]: Eleanor Roosevelt: “My Day” January 1958 Box 564 Rep. Nat. Comm.: [Prsnl.]: Hefflinger, Elizabeth Box 568 [Rep. Organ.]: Women’s National Republican Club Box 574 California – Reps. – Younger, Mildred (Mrs.) Box 577 Illinois: Reps. – Church, Marguerite (Mrs. Ralph E. Church) Box 578 Illinois: Reps. – Simpson, Mrs. Edna O. Box 584 Missouri – Reps. – Palmer, Hazel Box 587 New York Republicans: Rep. [Katherine] St. George New York: Reps. – Weis, Mrs. Charles (Judy) Box 592 Virginia: Reps. – Wensel, Dr. Louise O. Box 636 Voting: Women Box 639 Business and Professional Women: Legislation Women: Equal Rights Spec. Texts Women: Equal Rights #2 1950-1953 Women – General Women: League of Women Voters Box 640 Women: Orgs. A to M Women: Orgs. N to Z Women, General: Mothers Organization Research Division Files Series Box 718 Women (1) (2) Women’s Division Printed Material

REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMM., OFFICE OF THE CHAIRMAN (Leonard Hall): Papers, 1953-1957 Box 72 Form letter October 20, 1955(To all Republican National Committee re Women’s division fund raising (Adkins) Box 104 Adkins, Miss Bertha, 1956 Box 208 Women, 1953 Women's Division 1954 Women's Division 1956 Women's Federation 1953 Women's Federation 1954 Box 209 Women's Federation 1956 (1)(2) Box 234 Miscellaneous Republican Party Material – Women’s Division

Oral Histories: Helen Ackenhausen (OH 324) Bertha Adkins (OH 58) Jacqueline Cochran (OH 42) Eleanor Lansing Dulles, Interviews #12 & 13 (OH 70) Katherine G. Howard (OH 255) Mary Pillsbury Lord, Interview #1 (OH 115) Luce, Clare Boothe (OH 220) Gladys D. Seaton, Interview #1 (OH 390) Ilene J. Slater (OH 239) Janet P. Tourtellotte & Edith D. Williams (OH 332) Anne Wheaton (OH 64) Ann C. Whitman (OH 511)

Biographical and Autobiographical Sources

Cochran, Jacqueline and Maryann Bucknam Brinley. Jackie Cochran: An Autobiography. New York: Bantam Books, 1987.

Cockroft, Jeannette Wimmer. Margaret Chase Smith and the Struggle for Political Legitimacy, 1920’s- 1950s. Ph.D. Dissertation, Texas A&M University, 2002.

Donovan, Robert J. Confidential Secretary: Ann Whitman’s 20 Years with Eisenhower and Rockefeller. New York: E.P Dutton, 1988.

Eisenhower, Julie Nixon. Pat Nixon: The Untold Story. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986.

Eisenhower, Susan. Mrs. Ike: Memories and Reflections on the Life of Mamie Eisenhower. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1996.

Helmes, Winifred G. Orchids in the Icebox: The Story of Bertha Adkins and Other Influential Women in the Eisenhower Administration. Chapel Hill, NC: The Chapel Hill Press, 2002.

Howard, Katherine G. With My Shoes Off. New York: Vantage Press, 1977.

Loth, David. A Long Way Forward: The Biography of Congresswoman Frances P. Bolton. New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1957.

Mamie Eisenhower, Wife, Mother, First Lady: Her Impact and Influence on Her Time. The Eisenhower Seminar. Gettysburg, PA: Eisenhower National Historic Site, 1998.

Rymph, Catherine E. Republican Women: Feminism and Conservatism from Suffrage through the Rise of the New Right. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 2006.

Shadegg, Stephen. Clare Boothe Luce: A Biography. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1970.

Sheed, Wilfrid. Clare Boothe Luce. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1982.

Smith, Margaret Chase and William C. Lewis, ed. Declaration of Conscience. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1972.

Wallace, Patricia Ward. Politics of Conscience: A Biography of Margaret Chase Smith. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1995.

VJA 06/14/06