29780 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 7, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS PERCY L. GREAVES, JR., ON THE ments of official neutrality. On January 3, November 26, 1941, the Japanese, forced DAY OF INFAMY-PART I 1940, George Washington's wisdom was re­ by unfriendly American actions into an im­ called with: "The first President of the possible economic situation, were handed a United States warned us against entangling note making further negotiations impossi­ foreign alliances. The present President of ble. Our reading of Japanese codes had in­ HON. LARRY McDONALD the United States' subscribes to and follows formed our officials that it meant "things OF GEORGIA that precept." · are automatically going to happen," or as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES During the unprecedented third· term our Secretary of State told our Secretary of Monday, December 7, 1981 campaign, we heard on October 23, 1940, War: "It is now in the hands of you and "The worst bombshell of fear • • • let loose

D This symbol represents the time of day during the House proceedings, e.g., D 1407 is 2:07 p.m. e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. December 7, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29781 In fact, General McNarney, as a Colonel, Not satisfied with his own travesties on Every Navy message states its date and had acted as General Marshall's junior rep­ total truth, the retired Admiral tells us: time in six digits-the first two represent resentative when signing the March 27, "The best book by far on the question of the day of the month, the second two the 1941, secret military agreements with the why we were surprised at Pearl Harbor is hour of the day, and the last two the min­ British. Two of his superiors, the Chiefs of Roberta Wohlstetter's 'Pearl Harbor: Warn­ utes of the hour. For example, one of the War Plans and Military Intelligence, as ing and Decision.' " A first reading of this key messages was number 242005. Mrs. aides of Marshall, were heavily involved book revealed more than 100 factual errors. Wohlstetter writes, "The digits 242005 mean with Pearl Harbor responsibilities. At the It raised other questions which, if properly November 24, 20:05, which is 8:05 p.m. time of the attack, General McNarney was researched, would undoubtedly unearth still Washington time.'' actually in London participating in further more errors, not to mention the acceptance If she had read the Congressional Hear­ secret negotiations. of sentiments more in keeping with Admin­ ings through Volume 33 to page 1150, she The other Stimson nominee was Major istration releases than the obscured reali­ would have noted, "For communication General Frank R. McCoy, an aide, friend ties. within the Navy, Greenwich civil time and coconspirator of Mr. Stimson's for more Some of Mrs. Wohlstetter's errors are triv­ is used in headings of messages." If than thirty years. Back in 1911-1912, Mr. ial, such as footnotes that do not check. she had read the Hearings at all thoroughly Stimson, as President Taft's Secretary of Others are ridiculous, such as her "Note on she would have learned that Washington's War, became involved in a controversy with Rank.'' She wrongly accuses the Navy of time is Plus 5, i.e. five hours earlier than Congressional leaders. Major McCoy, then having a monopoly on the double standard Greenwich Time. So this message was actu­ his aide, helped him draft a Presidential of "temporary" and "permanent" ranks. ally sent at 3:05 in the afternoon, Washing­ veto which divided his Party but helped Mr. She evidently did not know that both Gen­ ton time. Stimson defeat the Congressional leaders. eral Short and Admiral Kimmel, had higher How valuable is a book on pre-attack intel­ In 1931-1932, Mr. Stimson, as Secretary of "temporary" ranks on December 7, 1941, ligence that is five hours off in the timing State, was unable to sell his anti-Japanese than the "permanent" two-star ones on of all Naval communications? How authori­ ideas to President Hoover. He then turned which their later retirement pay was based. tative is a Naval historian who thinks such a to the League of Nations, of which we were As the person probably more familiar with book the best on the subject? not a member. He persuaded the League to the Pearl Harbor record than any other Another serious error is Mrs. Wohlstet­ investigate Japan's actions in Manchuria living person, the writer appreciates the tre­ ter's statement, "No one knew who pos­ and to appoint General McCoy on the inves­ mendous task that Mrs. Wohlstetter faced. sessed the final command responsibility for tigating committee. General McCoy sold The record is voluminous. The printed defense of the Hawaiian Islands in the event Mr. Stimson's ideas to the committee and works of the Joint Congressional Committee of an enemy attack." It was clearly under­ the League with the result that Japan with­ ran to 44 volumes. Like many others, she stood by all concerned at the time, and in drew from the League. overlooks four volumes-three State De­ all the investigations, that Pearl Harbor was Before the Roberts Commission left for partment tomes and Ambassador Grew's the responsibility of the Army in general Pearl Harbor, Mr. Stimson invited General "Ten Years in Japan," which were part of and of the Chief of Staff, General George McCoy to spend an evening at his home. the Committee's official record. In addition, C. Marshall, in particular. His agent on the The invitation was repeated upon the Com­ there are also the Departmental documents scene was Lt. Gen. Walter C. Short. General mission's return. It should also be noted and histories, the official papers of other Short took orders from and reported to no that another protege of Mr. Stimson's, Felix countries, including those of the defeated one else but George C. Marshall. What he Frankfurter, his 1906 assistant, invited both nations, the books written by participants lacked in materiel, orders, intelligence (in­ Justice Roberts and Secretary Stimson to and other authors, and the myriads of mag­ formation> and proper alert status was the his home for a private dinner and quiet azine articles, newspaper stories and person­ responsibility of none other than General evening during the period the Roberts al interviews which have added a tremen­ George C. Marshall. This will be discussed Report was being drafted. So perhaps it is dous amount of fodder to the silo of avail­ later. no wonder that Mr. Stimson later wrote in able information about Pearl Harbor. There Mrs. Wohlstetter also states, "The [Japa­ his dairy that he had informed Marshall is still much more that is being suppressed nese] Pearl Harbor task force was under that he thought the Roberts Report took for political reasons. orders to return up to 24 hours before D­ both of them off the hook. Mrs. Wohlstetter completely ignores "revi­ Day if anything favorable developed in the A well "well done" for Messrs. Roberts, sionists," those historians seeking to reveal U.S.-Japanese negotiations." Actually, while McNarney and McCoy. truths the political powers prefer to keep this Task Force had orders to return to Incidentally, one of the Commission's hidden. Nevertheless, her well-subsidized Japan if detected by any foreign forces up Navy members, Admiral Standley, later pub­ volume won rave reviews across the nation to 24 hours before D-Day, it could have licly rebuked Justice Roberts and the War and in the American Historical Review. Co­ been recalled up to the time the planes left Department. Among other things, he wrote: lumbia University awarded her the $4,000 the decks, if anything favorable had devel­ "I knew from first-hand experience the Bancroft prize, apparently accepting Admi­ oped in the United States-Japanese negotia­ shortcomings of our base at Pearl Harbor, ral Morison's accolade that, "she is cogni­ tions. for which Short and Kimmel were in no way zant of all the intricate details of the codes, One could go on and on for a hundred responsible. From the beginning of our in­ has made a thorough study of all extant more blunders. The facts were just too vestigation, I held a firm belief that the real sources, and uses them with the perception much for Mrs. Wohlstetter. Someday, some­ responsibility • • • was lodged thousands of of a well-trained mind. Her book ought fi­ one, or some foundation should underwrite miles from the Territory of Hawaii." nally to dispose of some of the nonsense an objective study of the Pearl Harbor dis­ Court historian Morison has long believed about Pearl Harbor that has been written." aster. Until that day comes, Americans who that Roosevelt's New Deal "saved the capi­ Unfortunately, the book probably con­ want to know the truth must rely on the talist system in the United States and dem­ tains as much nonsense about Pearl Harbor writings of impecunious "revisionists" hack­ ocratic government as well." In his latest as any that has ever been written. ing away at the well-financed writings of paean to his patron, "The Two-Ocean War," Mrs. Wohlstetter concentrated on the In­ the "court historians" and official publica­ the now retired Rear Admiral praises telligence phase of the episode. She thus de­ tions. F.D.R.'s foresight in leading this country voted considerable attention to the message In his own book, Admiral Morison ignores into World War II by secret steps taken of the two services and the information the contributions of "revisionists" while ahead of the public opinion he later led so Washington gained from reading Japanese finding the writings of the Administration's skillfully to the goal he publicly denied­ codes. These messages played a major role apologists "especially valuable." He does, War. in the last months, days, hours and minutes however, mention "The Great Sea War," by Morison presents the events preceding preceding the disaster. If she had done a the late Admiral Chester W. Nimitz and E. Pearl Harbor in an abbreviated and slanted thorough and objective job her book would B. Potter of the U.S. Naval Academy staff. version, now the official one: that Japan in­ have been a very valuable contribution. Un­ Perhaps he did not notice that this semi-of­ vaded Manchuria and China and the Ameri­ fortunately, she misfired and joined the ficial volume states: can people had a duty to prevent any Nip­ union of "court historians." By December 6 it was known in Washing­ ponese expansion in Asia, whether they In a volume dealing with communications, ton that the Japanese were sending to their wanted to or not. His chapter, "Disaster at particularly Naval communications, you Washington embassy a message for the U.S. Pearl Harbor" presents one-sided sections would expect accuracy in reporting the State Department breaking off diplomatic on the "Last Days of 'Peace' in the Pacific" filing time mentioned in each such message. relations, the sort of message that in times and "The Unsuspecting Victim." The fourth This is particularly so since the top official past had been followed up with a surprise and final section, "Who Was Responsible?" Naval historian gave the book such a boost. attack on the opposing fleet. It was known gives a grotesque glimmering of the facts Unfortunately, she never learned the Navy's too that Japanese diplomats in London, that were available to the court historian. time system. Hong Kong, Singapore, Batavia, Manila, 29782 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS D~cember 7, 1981 and Washington were burning their secret LEGISLATION TO REQUIRE have the incentive to compete for sales documents and codes-usually done only POSTING OF AUTO CRASH to safety-conscious purchasers. when war is imminent. TEST RESULTS There is evidence that, when manu­ Thus by Saturday afternoon there was facturers are faced with a poor crash every reason to believe that war with Japan HON. ANTHONY C. BEILENSON test result, they can sometime make was only hours away. Then between 0400 inexpensive changes resulting in sig­ and 0600 on Sunday, December 7, the U.S. OF CALIFORNIA nificant improvements in their results. Navy Department deciphered instructions IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES For example the Honda Civic, which to the Japanese ambassadors to deliver their message at 1 p.m. One o'clock in the Monday, December 7, 1981 failed the 1980 test, easily passed in afternoon in Washington would be 7:30 a.m. e Mr. BEILENSON. Mr. Speaker, 1981 after several relatively simple at Pearl Harbor. today I am introducing a bill which changes were made. However, Admiral Morison does admit would provide automobile crash safety I am convinced that this bill will that the "'short of war' was not so very information to consumers shopping help the operation of the competitive short for the Atlantic Fleet • • •. These of­ for new cars. My bill would require free market. Consumers need informa­ ficers and men were enduring all the danger auto manufacturers to post crash test tion to make informed choices, and and hardships of war; yet it was not called results on a window sticker on each the automakers need the incentive to war. They were forbidden to talk of their new car. Consumers would then have produce safer cars. I suspect that experiences ashore, or even to tell where information about crashworthiness, in when the automakers begin to com­ they had been or what they were doing." He pete for safer designs, we will see far also admits that our economic measures addition to fuel economy and list price, as they examine new car models more progress than Government regu­ against Japan were taken with the coopera­ lations could ever produce.e tion of the British and the Dutch, and that in their dealers' showrooms. I think "The fundamental reason for America's this will encourage auto manufactur­ going to war with Japan was our insistence ers to compete for safer designs while INTERIOR SECRETARY JAMES on the integrity of China."• continuing to achieve improvements in WATT-PART II fuel economy. Consumer surveys done for the Na­ OUTRAGEOUS SOVIET HARASS­ tional Highway Traffic Safety Admin­ HON. LARRY McDONALD MENT AND THREATS AGAINST istra,tion

79-059 0-85-42 (Pt. 22) 29788 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 7, 1981 advice (sic) me whether or not the warships National Governors' Association, claims the money can be funneled to densely populat­ are provided with anti-mine nets. program's demise "would mean a living ed areas in the Northeast and Midwest. None of this information was ever sent to nightmare for untold numbers" of commu­ Senate conferees also want to reduce to 55 the Hawaiian commanders, nor were their nities. "Essential waste-water projects would percent from 75 percent the government's intelligence men asked to decode these mes­ have to be postponed or dismantled," he share of construction costs by the mid- sages. U.S. cryptographers in Hawaii were says. "And there could be some serious 1980s. then actively trying to break the Japanese fiscal consequences" for cities and states The House, on the other hand, voted over­ Navy code. Every day dozens of important that previously sold bonds to help finance whelmingly to resist such cuts and to con­ messages were read in Washington, but their share of project costs. "We're looking tinue financial assistance to Sun Belt states little, if any, pertinent information was at disaster levels" if Congress doesn't reau­ that want to build sewer capacity in antici­ passed on to the Hawaiian commanders. thorize the program by the beginning of pation of population and industrial growth. There were some who felt this dereliction next year, the governor contends. Both bills meet the administration's $2.4 was purposeful.• "Voters around the country are just be­ billion spending cap for fiscal 1982, but the ginning to understand" that local property House plan envisions spending about $25 taxes and sewer charges "will have to go up billion more during the next 10 years than EPA'S CONSTRUCTION GRANTS dramatically if and when federal support is the target set by the Senate and the White PROGRAM cut back," says Larry Silverman, executive House. When the same two committees director of the American Clean Water Asso­ went into the last conference committee on HON. BILL GREEN ciation, a lobbying group that supports the sewer grants in 1976, it took them more OF NEW YORK concept of the grants programs. "The politi­ than a year to compromise. cal impact will be tremendous," he predicts. Shreveport, La., for example, will have a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES From large urban centers to rural ham­ new sewer plant ready to operate next Monday, December 7, 1981 lets, worried officials are issuing similar summer. But unless the federal government • Mr. GREEN. Mr. Speaker, I would warnings. Eugene Wright, superintendent of provides tens of millions of additional dol­ the sewer system run by Chattanooga, lars to patch up the city's leaking, out­ like to bring to the attention of my Tenn., spends much of his time these days moded sewer lines, the plant won't be able colleagues an article which appeared worrying about completion of a $78 million to handle all of the anticipated flow during in the Journal on Novem­ treatment-plant expansion project that heavy rains. "If Congress cuts off help at ber 23 concerning the Environmental could become a victim of the federal cut­ this point, the plant they encouraged us to Protection Agency's construction backs. build can't accomplish its goal of cleaning grants program. As a member of the So far, the city and the U.S. Environmen­ up the environment," complains a city engi­ Subcommittee on HUD /Independent tal Protection Agency have committed a neer. Agencies, I have been very concerned total of $63 million to finish the work. But Congressional inaction can so completely about this program, the funding for "Without 1982 appropriations from Con­ "disrupt the program that state and local gress, we'll have to make the tough decision which has not been allocated under matching funds would dry up for lack of to halt construction," says Mr. Wright. If confidence in future federal participation," either an appropriations bill or a con­ the extra capacity isn't available, the city according to Clinton Whitney, executive di­ tinuing resolution. We have been told may have to prevent future sewer hookups rector of the California Water Resources by the administration that it expects and postpone its industrial-development ef­ Control Board.e to request a fiscal year 1982 appropria­ forts. tion as soon as the authorizing legisla­ In Norfolk, Va., the sewer district is count­ tion for the program is completed. I ing on federal help to finish a three-year, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA SEX understand that a House and Senate $30 million project to replace old, inefficient ACT conference is being held on this bill, treatment plants that don't comply with clean-water laws. Officials contend the work SPEECH OF and hope that, once an agreement has may have to be stopped as early as January been reached in the authorizing legis­ if money from Washington is held up. "We HON. MARK D. SIUANDER lation, we can move quickly to approve probably can't afford to borrow the money OF MICHIGAN a supplemental appropriation, as con­ on our own," says James Borberg, who runs IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tinued construction of treatment sites the sewer district. "There could be severe is contingent on funding being made disruptions" of the region's long-range plans Thursday, October 1, 1981 available by the Federal Government: for cleaning up rivers and streams, he argues. •Mr. SILJANDER. Mr. Speaker, I am CFrom the Wall Street Journal, Nov. 23, Nationwide, more than two dozen commu­ opposed to the District of Columbia 1981] nities are under court orders to clean up Sex Act and will vote against it when POLITICAL FIGHT Is THREATENING SEWER sewer plant discharge; they include Detroit, it comes to the floor for a vote. It is GRANTS New York and other financially strapped time to call a halt to the use of Wash­

/ j ) ·r I J