The Latest in Lens Technology & The Lens That Started It All
Peter Allen, Harvard Mark Schubin, SMPTE Life Fellow Siemens Artificial Eye SchubinCafe.com (these slides at bit.ly/smptene-lens) Why “4K” Lenses Are Important Even If You’re Not Doing 4K Mark Schubin, SchubinCafe.com Some Future Blue-Sky Lens Possibilities
lensless imaging
virtual cameras
anti-chromatic-aberration coating
digital aberration correction
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 3 Lensless Imaging
Nick Antipa & Grace Kuo, UC Berkeley https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.02134
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 4 Why I Want Virtual Cameras
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 5 Virtual Cameras European Union Project FINE (free- viewpoint immersive networked experience) at Barcelona FC stadium
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 6 Project FINE in 2012 (!)
http://bit.ly/projectfine EU Project Fine (better quality at the link)
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 7 Anti-Chromatic Aberration Coating
Harvard SEAS
Capasso Lab/Harvard SEAS
https://phys.org/news/2018-11-meta-surface-chromatic-aberrations-kinds-lenses.html
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 8 Digital Aberration Correction/Deconvolution
http://www.cs.tut.fi/~lasip/2D/
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 9 A Paper Published on the Subject
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 10 A Paper Published on the Subject
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 11 Meanwhile, In Today’s World
esports and animation
movies range:
smartphone to ARRI 65
documentary director at DGA: 4K too much storage
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 12 Some Options
Wider Color Gamut
Spatial Resolution
8K, 4K, HD, SD, less
Higher Frame Rate (HFR)
Higher Dynamic Range (HDR)
Immersive Media
merged images by David Corby 2006 to create 4024-pixel-wide panorama Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 13 Wider Color Gamut with Respect to Lenses
red chromatic aberration more visible
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 14 Used with permission
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 15 UsedUsed withwith permissionpermission
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 16 Used with permission
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 17 EBU at HPA 2013 - 56” Screen
2.7m is >2.6x 1.5 H for 56”
“4K”@60 fps = 8x uncompressed data rate of either 720p60 or 1080i30
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 18 The Lechner Distance
Theoretical: gobbledygook about viewing angle, scanning lines, & interlace
`
Bernie Lechner in 2011
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 19 The Lechner Distance
Theoretical: gobbledygook about viewing angle, scanning lines, & interlace
Actual: 9 feet
average distance from CRT- based TVs at home reported by RCA Labs employees
close match to 3-meter Jackson Distance at Philips Labs in UK Bernie Lechner in 2011
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 20 Who Cares? contrast resolution contrast-resolution grating to show contrast-sensitivity function Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 21 Which Person Looks Angrier?
“Angry Man/Neutral Woman,” 1997 copyright Aude Oliva, MIT and Philippe G. Schyns, University of Glasgow (used with permission)
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 22 Which Person Looks Angrier?
“Angry Man/Neutral Woman,” 1997 copyright Aude Oliva, MIT and Philippe G. Schyns, University of Glasgow (used with permission)
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 23 Selection Process
angry on left: higher resolution angry on right: lower resolution
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 24 What Does That Have to Do with “4K” Lenses? Scene to Seen
shot technical perceived stuff stuff stuff
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 26 It’s Complicated
shot technical stuff stuff
Ear
-ness = psychological brightness ≠ light level loudness ≠ sound level sharpness ≠ focus Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 27 Sharpness Based on Rez & Contrast
Modulation
sharpness Transfer affected by Function
contrast area under curve
ARRI: area Sony: area2 resolution
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 28 Higher-Rez: Little Sharpness Increase HDCAM innovation 1440 luma 480 chroma “3:1:1”
contrast “Full HD” 1920 luma 960 chroma “4:2:2”
resolution
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 29 Higher-Rez: Little Sharpness Increase DVCPROHD 1280 luma 640 chroma
contrast “Full HD” 1920 luma 960 chroma “4:2:2”
resolution
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 30 For Higher Resolution Image Sensors
SINC Function
1.2 If this is 1080 lines, 1 then the contrast ratio 0.8 at 1080 lines is zero 0.6
Contrastst 0.4 0.2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011 zero Samples contrast
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 31 Why a “4K” Camera Can Be Good for HD
SINC Function
1.2 1 0.8 If this is 2160 lines, 0.6
Contrastst 0.4 then the contrast at 0.2 1080 lines is 64% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011 64% Samples contrast
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 32 Noticeable Even At Lower Resolutions
http://www.theverge.com/2012/5/29/3042847/super-hi-vision-tv-8k-nhk-future
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 33 Real MTF Curves
EOS 20D 3504 x 2336 EOS 10D 3072 x 2048 EOS 10D EOS 20D 3072 x 2048 3504 x 2336
courtesy Bob Atkins www.bobatkins.com used with permission 14% linear increase in sensors
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 34 Real-World Sharpness Change
EOS 10D EOS 20D 3072 x 2048 3504 x 2336
courtesy Bob Atkins www.bobatkins.com used with permission again, just 14% more resolution
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 35 There Is No Such Thing As A 4K Lens (or, for that matter, an HD lens) High-End “HD” Zoom Lens
HD 4K
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 37 much greater sharpness at HD (100 lp/mm)
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 38 Zoom Lens
focus group zoom group compensator relay “variator” (maintains focus)
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 39 Multiple Elements for Aberration Correction
36 pieces of glass; 72 glass surfaces
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 40 Reflection Issues
36 pieces of glass; 72 glass surfaces before the prism if 99% transmission/surface = 48% transmitted
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 41 Improved Coating
36 pieces of glass; 72 glass surfaces before the prism if 99% transmission/surface = 48% transmitted if 99.8% transmission/surface = <87% transmitted
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 42 Lens Bottom End
ARRI Ultra Prime ARRI Signature Prime (used with permission) from “Lens dynamic range: coatings, contrast and color,” by Art Adams, cinema lens specialist at ARRI, for ProVideo Coalition, 2019 Jan. 21 https://www.provideocoalition.com/lens-dynamic-range-coatings-contrast-and-color/
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 43 Reducing Number of Lens Elements
extra-low dispersion glass
24 pieces of glass (?); 48 glass surfaces before the prism if 99.8% transmission/surface = >90% transmitted D/U: >90% = ~10:1; <87% = ~6.4:1
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 44 Another Way to Reduce Elements: Primes
https://www.golden-agetv.co.uk/equipment.php?ProducerID=49
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 45 Questions About Lenses? The Karpeles Manuscript Library Museums used with permission
Why Television Research Began in 1877 (and Why Almost No One Knows It) Mark Schubin, SchubinCafe.com When Did TV Start? common U.S. idea: TV was introduced at the RCA pavilion at the 1939 New York World’s Fair
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20David Sarnoff Library 48 When Did TV Really Start? common U.S. idea: TV was introduced at the RCA pavilion at the 1939 New York World’s Fair (ignores even Crosley, GE, GM, and Westinghouse at same fair)
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20David Sarnoff Library 49 You Know That NYC Story Isn’t True
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 50 The Boston Post May 4, 1928
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 51 January 14, 1928
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 52 Boston Will Return, But 1927: all-electronic scanned television achieved by Philo T. Farnsworth
earlier diagram reported
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 53 And 1927: Ernst Alexanderson used speed and phase controls to watch GE’s mechanical TV
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 54 And 1927: long- distance large- screen TV at Bell Labs in NYC with Herbert E. Ives
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 55 Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 56 But 1926: John Logie Baird demoed TV w/ recognizable faces (1st achieved 1925)
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 57 But 1923: Vladimir Zworykin filed for a patent on scanned all-electronic television
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 58 And
1923: SMPTE-founder Charles Francis Jenkins demoed television
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 59 But 1914: (pre-SMPE) New York Times front-page account of a TV demo in London by Archibald Montgomery Low
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 60 But 1912: publication of a diagram of all- electronic scanned television by Alan Archibald Campbell Swinton (idea publ. 1908)
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 61 But 1909: television in a consumer publication by Hugo Gernsback
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 62 But 1907: patent- application diagram Boris Rosing for a Russian scanned patent picture 18,076 tube (and the tube, itself, which might date to 1902) Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 63 But
“The International Electricity Congress,” The Electrician, September 21, 1900, p. 822 1900: television coined at the Paris World’s Fair by Russian Constantin Perskyi on August 24
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 64 But
“The International Electricity Congress,” The Electrician, September 21, 1900, p. 822
“Television? The word is half Latin and half Greek. No good can come of it” - attributed to Charles Prestwich Scott, editor of The Manchester Guardian
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 65 Before “Television”
artificial eye, diaphote, electric, electric camera, telescope, electroscope, fernsehen, hyaloscope, phantoscope, phoroscope, phototel, phototelegraph, telectroscope, teleform, teleoscope, telephane, telephonoscope, telephot, telescopophone
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 66 But
1897: Frantz Dussaud téléoscope
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 67 Which Was to Be Large Screen: Film or TV?
1897: Frantz Dussaud téléoscope 1895: Edison kinetophone
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 68 But 1894: SMPTE- founder Jenkins’s first published article on television
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 69 S But A S, J u n e 10, 1 8 9 3
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 70 nice TV-set chimney
oldest depiction of a camera-mounted light?
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 71 But 1892: depiction of home shopping by television Albert Robida, La vie électrique : le vingtième siècle
caption translation: purchases via television Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 72 But 1891: Edison said he might introduce color TV at the World’s Columbian Exposition
1891: Edison tells press he might demo color TV at World’s Columbian Exposition Evening Post (Wellington) June 27
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 73 Milton Berle Quip
“If it wasn’t for Edison, we’d all be watching television by candlelight” - “Mr. Television”
(highest ratings in Nielsen’s first year of TV ratings: 61.6 for comparison, Super Bowl LIII: 41.1)
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 74 But
1890: description of 1885 design for a television system with an oil-lamp backlight in the Henry Sutton’s telephane display The Telegraphic Journal and Electrical Review, November 7, 1890
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 75 But 1885: patent for a complete television system (applied for in 1884)
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 76 But 1882: image of HDTV war coverage Albert Robida, Le vingtième siècle
caption translation: the TV news
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 77 Including handheld camera, “PRESS” marking on the mobile unit, the wounding of the reporter becoming the story, & a really long cord Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 78 But 1880 book published about television in French, English, & Portuguese
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 79 But
English Mechanic and World of Science, February 7, 1879, p. 540 1879 report of actual transmission of a video image, including references to scanning and frame rate Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 80 But 1878: published image of television by George du Maurier (called a “prediction” in Erik Barnouw’s TV history book Tube of Plenty)
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 81 Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 82 Edison’s Real 1878 Telephonoscope
patent caveat
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 83 But 1877: 9 or 10 people writing about or working on television in multiple countries and languages
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 84 . John Cammack, London . George R. Carey, Boston . “Electrician,” New York . Louis Figuier, Paris . Frederick Glew, Wakefield, UK . John Mittag, Lancaster, SC . Julijan Ochorowicz, Lwów, Poland* . Adriano de Paiva, Porto, Portugal . William Sawyer, New York . Constantin Senlecq, Ardres, France Adriano de Paiva And Before Them? 1877 1879 1882 1885 1890 1900 1907 1912 1914 1928 1930 1936 1939 2017 future
* publication in Polish, politically different even at the time Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 85 Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 86 Not Quite True
St. Clare of Assisi (1194-1253)
reportedly, one Christmas night, when illness prevented her from leaving her convent cell, she heard and saw the mass at the church across town “as if present in person”
on that basis, she was proclaimed Patron Saint of Television by Pope Pius XII, “with all liturgical honors and privileges,” February 17, 1958
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 87 Powerful Displays c. 1828 illustration by John William Wright for Sir Walter Scott’s Dr. Baptista Damiotti My Aunt Margaret’s showed two women Mirror (magic mirrors, in Scotland a motion crystal balls, and view in Italy via a the like don’t have special mirror system cameras, so can see the future, the past, through walls, mountains, etc.)
www.metmuseum.org
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 88 Besides Faith and Fiction: Telescopes 1608 patent application for a telescope by Hans Lippershey
1609 earliest known illustration of a telescope, by Giambattista della Porta
1884 ad for a telescope using a German word that today means a TV set Still No Camera Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 Leipzig Illustrirte Zeitung 89 Meanwhile, in Scotland 1753: detailed description of electrical telegraphy (including instructions for insulating wires)
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 90 Another Great Scot 1842: having developed the printing telegraph & the remote synchronized clock, Alexander Bain combined them to get scanning for image transmission
The IET Archives
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 91 Really? 1843 British patent for the first fax machine (this image from the U.S. patent)
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 92 Really Introduced: In 1997, for image sending the 25th frames anniversary scanning lines of the Institute pixels of Image line sync Electronics frame sync Engineers, Masayuki Miyazawa built a fax pair based on the 1843 Bain patent
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 93 So Bain Won an Emmy
® ATAS/NATAS
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 94 …in 2016
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-35501830
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 95 But Bain Didn’t Invent TV, Just Scanning
faxes transmitted in 1850 (oldest existing?) The IET Archives
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 96 Giovanni Caselli 1856: began experiments on an improved version of Bain’s fax machine
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 97 Alexandre Edmond Becquerel
1858: demonstrated an improved version of Caselli’s fax at the French Academy of Science
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 98 so named because in 1839 Becquerel discovered the photovoltaic effect and published papers about it in scientific journals in multiple countries.
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 99 so named because in 1839 Becquerel discovered the photovoltaic effect and published papers about it in scientific journals in multiple countries, and then everyone, including himself, seemingly forgot about it; he never wrote of using it in conjunction with a copying telegraph for a optical input
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 100 Sheet Music Transmitted in 1860
pantelegraph by Giovanni Caselli based on Alexander Bain’s Gioachino Rossini 1843 patent
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 101 Pantelegraph
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 102 Seeing or Believing?
Genesee Farmer, September 1863
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 103 Commercial Fax Service: 1865 sometimes used for signature verification
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 104 All the Pieces in Place But No TV Idea
camera: Mo-Ti 5th-century BCE
camera lens: Girolamo Cardano c. 1550
electro-optic conversion: Becquerel 1839
electronic communication: C. M. 1753 Daguerreotype 1839
image scanning: Bain 1842
glow varying with current
incandescence: Humphry Davy 1802
light valve: John Kerr 1875
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 105 Meanwhile, Back at the Telegraph… 1858: The first transatlantic cable went into operation
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 106 99 Words: 16.5 Hours
“The Queen desires to congratulate the President upon the successful completion of this great international work, in which the Queen has taken the deepest interest. The Queen is convinced that the President will join with her in fervently hoping that the Electric Cable which now connects Great Britain with the United States will prove an additional link between the two nations, whose friendship is founded upon their common interest and reciprocal esteem. The Queen has much pleasure in thus directly communicating with the President, and in renewing to him her best wishes for the prosperity of the United States.”
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 107 Edward Orange Wildman Whitehouse 1858: fired by the board of the Atlantic Telegraph Company (joined in 1856)
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 108 Why Was He Fired?
Wildman William Whitehouse: Thomson Let’s put (later Lord thousands Kelvin): of volts Maybe that’s into the not such a cable good idea
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 109 Thomson’s Mirror Galvanometer patented 1858
version by H. W. Sullivan used at the Halifax, NS telegraph station shown
(effectively a precursor of the dynamic micromirror device used in digital cinema projectors today)
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 110 High Voltage But Also Defective Cable
http://atlantic-cable.com/Books/Whitehouse/DDC/
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 111 High Voltage But Also Defective Cable
Thomson came to Whitehouse’s defense even before this discovery
http://atlantic-cable.com/Books/Whitehouse/DDC/
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 112 1866: Second Transatlantic Cable
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 113 Isambard Kingdom Brunel
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 114 Willoughby Smith needed to monitor the health of the cable
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 115 Needed High Resistance
tried tin-foil layers separated by gelatin, then switched to these selenium rods
The IET Archives Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 116 Letter Read at STE Meeting
Journal of the Society of Telegraph Engineers, 12th Feb., 1873
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 117 Linda Hall Library (Eng. Societies Library, based on Latimer Clark’s Library)
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 118 Bain Joined STE in 1872 (its first year) sponsored by Latimer Clark
The IET Archives Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 119 Picked Up in Nature on Feb. 20, 1873
discovery by John Mayhew, reported to Joseph May, reported to Smith
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 120 Letter to Nature, March 6, 1873
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 121 Letter to Nature, March 6, 1873
polite, but…
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 122 Vigorous Defense Leads to Confirmations
Adams Moss Day Obach Draper Sale Gordon Siemens
Lawrence Parsons
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20Earl of Rosse 123 Historian Discovers Long-Lost Document?
Metropolitan Opera Archives Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 124 Historian Discovers Long-Lost Document?
Metropolitan Opera Archives Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 125 Charles William Siemens
1st STE president, 1872
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 126 Lecture at the Royal Institution
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 127 The Lens That Started It All
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 128 Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 129 Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 130 Every Publication in the World?
. at least English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, & Spanish . œil artificiel, Künstliches Auge, occhio selenico, oko sztuczne, olho artificial, ojo artificial . “A New Artificial Eye,” The London Medical Record . “Artificial Eyes Made Sensitive to Light,” Willamette Farmer [Oregon] . “Truly Artificial Eye,” The Great Bend Weekly Tribune [Kansas] . [Siemens artificial eye], The Wallaroo Times [South Australia] . “An Artificial Eye,” Bruce Herald [New Zealand] . “Siemens’ Sensitive Artificial Eye,” Scientific American (2nd article) . “An artificial eye,” The Journal of Education for the Province of Quebec . “Artificial Eyes Made Sensitive to Light,” The History of the Year 1876
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 131 1877 Television Researchers
de Paiva
O Instituto
Senlecq
La Lumière électrique
Ochorowicz Kosmos
Carey?
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 132 Surveyor (Engineer) at Boston City Hall
portion of 2007 image by Kjetil Ree, attribution required
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 133 Surveyor (Engineer) at Boston City Hall
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 134 Earliest Known Mention of Electrical Camera
The Karpeles Manuscript Library Museums
from the Caren Archive, auctioned by Bonhams 2014 Apr. 7
single line
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 135 The Karpeles Manuscript Library Museums Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 136 Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 137 Emmy Awards 2017
. TCM (Willoughby Smith’s company) . Society of Telegraph Engineers . Siemens
® ATAS/NATAS
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 138 Why Not in TV History Books?
posthumously published Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 139 The First Error
p. 421
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 140 Propagated Error
Alexandre Dauvillier
"La télévision électrique," Revue Générale de l'Electricité 7 jan. 1928
repeated by (among many others)
Campbell Swinton (same year Discovery & next Nature)
Garratt & Mumford, Proceedings of the IEE
Zworykin, Proceedings of the IRE
Gorokhov, Radio Engineering [Радиотехника]
many SMPTE papers, including 1976 (60th Anniversary) “101 Years of Television Technology”
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 141 went on to compare Baird’s work to the earlier Nipkow patent
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 142 July 1976
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 143 Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 144 Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 145 Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 146 a fully referenced version of this talk, “What Sparked Video Research in 1877? The Overlooked Role of the Siemens Artificial Eye,” was published in the March 2017 issue of the Proceedings of the IEEE free link at bit.ly/siemens-eye
these slides are available at bit.ly/smptene-lens
Questions?
Mark Schubin, SMPTE NE, 2019 Feb. 20 147