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The Routledge Companion to Mobile Media Art

Larissa Hjorth, Adriana de Souza e Silva, Klare Lanson

Magic Spectacles and Portable Boxes

Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780429242816-4 Erkki Huhtamo Published online on: 29 Jul 2020

How to cite :- Erkki Huhtamo. 29 Jul 2020, Magic Spectacles and Portable Boxes from: The Routledge Companion to Mobile Media Art Routledge Accessed on: 27 Sep 2021 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780429242816-4

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The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The publisher shall not be liable for an loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 15:29 27 Sep 2021; For: 9780429242816, chapter2, 10.4324/9780429242816-4 communication device by the driver. This model is not historical not is model This driver. the by device communication and a navigational as used be to dashboard car’s the by a holder in placed phone is a mobile when happens This fixtures. its as role atemporary given devices portable/wearable also but vehicle, the walking. while hand in held or abag in kept it is when aportable into it turns but belt, the on container a in carried it is when awearable be to said be can phone amobile happens: roles of switching structs. Not all the layers have developed simultaneously or along parallel lines. Neither have they they have Neither lines. parallel along or simultaneously developed have layers the all Not structs. con layered are processes cultural media that is premise basic The culture. media of unfolding slow the about insights gain to forms contemporary beyond penetrate to sense it makes that ing stop. momentary a during used always, not but often, are They stasis. in and motion in being between relationship the as such issues other raise also devices media mobile of uses and designs The topic. the of sense ples, beside the ones discussed in this text, could likely be discovered. discovered. be likely could text, this in discussed ones the beside ples, exam more Many feasible. technically became they before long imagination cultural the in pated antici were communication instant for devices wearable and portable demonstrate, will media mobile of archaeology media tentative this As picture. ageneral form to essential are All dreams. day even or intentions drafts, remained that those and used, and marketed realized, were that machines media both consideration into take to has archaeology an Such fallen. have they where lines are anything but absolute but anything are lines dividing The skin. the against body, pressed the to strapped body-mounted: is device a wearable vehicle-mounted mobile media has existed much longer. much existed has media mobile past. the into far very extended be cannot communication remote for devices technological mobile using of habit the developments, industrial and engineering of perspective the from solely assessed if that obvious It is amillennium. even or acentury about anything mention to not long, too far seem may tory his their for account to perspective a25-year than more fashion, of out fall and obsolete become breakthroughs technological strategies, industrial by conditioned phenomenon, arecent considered often is media Mobile Notes toward aMedia Archaeology of Mobile Media Vehicle-mounted devices, which are not discussed in this text, can be permanent features of of features permanent be can text, this in discussed not are which devices, Vehicle-mounted In this chapter this In For the sake of clarity, I will divide mobile media into three categories: portable categories: three into media mobile divide Iwill clarity, of sake the For Yet, media archaeology claims that there are other layers, other histories, other forms in which which in forms other histories, other layers, other are there that claims archaeology Yet, media . Portable refers to a device that is carried around, for example, in a bag, whereas whereas abag, in example, for around, carried is that adevice to refers . Portable AND I will explore mobile media from a media archaeological perspective, suggest perspective, archaeological amedia from media mobile explore , Iwill MAGIC SPECTACLES social needs and trends. Although yesterday’s new devices rapidly rapidly devices new yesterday’s Although trends. and needs , social

this is a model only. In actual practice actual In only. amodel is : this PORTABLE BOXES Erkki HuhtamoErkki 1 These layers must be dug out and released from oblivion oblivion from released and out dug be must layers These 2 21 . I t is only a tool to help us make make us help to atool only t is constant overlapping and and overlapping , constant , wearable and , and ------Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 15:29 27 Sep 2021; For: 9780429242816, chapter2, 10.4324/9780429242816-4 to distant countries. distant to moved friends the when test to put be It could created. been had one, imaginary an albeit device, communication personal Awireless letters. the of any at point freely could they that so dials the to fixed were needles The dial-plate.” ordinary the upon marked are day the of hours the as manner same the in letters, twenty and four the it with inscribing dial-plate, of akind “made a needle, such of possession the in each Two manner.” same friends, the move “in them make could dles” the sympathetic pricking in his own flesh, he could decode the message by counting the pricks.” the counting by message the decode could he flesh, own his in pricking sympathetic the felt friend other the When alphabet. the of letters the to corresponding numbers in themselves ing prick by other each with communicate to it—“tried explains Godwin Joscelyn who—as friends dear two about astory telling them, at fun poked Kircher, (1641), Athanasius Jesuit, another Magnetica Arte De sive Magnes his In circulating. already were magnetism of powers occult the natura rerum De poem gonical board, a common “magical device” used in esoteric practices. esoteric in used device” “magical acommon board, transmission Ouija the by received been have to said are afterlife from messages where seances persisted. talismans) wearable and altars travel religious like devices by also (manifested devices ble porta of means by communication telepathic or magic about ideas with continuities Still, mobile. than rather fixed and permanent were infrastructures The palpable. communication remote of use later decades some came which telegraph, electrical the and century, eighteenth late the in introduced was which telegraph, away. optical The century started. had 1960s, the from ideas familiar McLuhan’s Marshall to refer to village,” “global the to village the from movement the that say we could Perhaps away, return. to never far travelled people Some immobility. and proximity on based lifestyles age-old of patterns the crack to begun had colonialism and discovery of voyages the changed, radically yet not had mobility of modes traditional Although era. the of mentalities the and developments cultural with associated lovers or friends separated applications. political or economic social, “serious” with them associating without curiosities as presented were ideas Such in 1713. in Guardian The it for adapted Addison Joseph because world English-speaking the in became well-known description Strada’s antiquity. classical from familiar characters human featuring exercises siones Academicae siones Proclu (1572–1649) book his in Strada Famiano Jesuit Italian the by suggested was needles tized magne vibrating of means by Communication further. extended be probably it could approach, on depending era; modern early the to least at back goes media mobile of history discursive The it happen. make to helping acatalyst as functions archaeologist media The other. each explain to all inciting forms, later with dialogue into brought be should in Uncovered scholarship. cal histori media by acknowledged already and remembered are that forms with connected and light to back brought be to waiting hidden, remains Much observers. earlier for visible equally been persistence of stationary lifestyles prevalent in local communities where most of the humankind humankind the of most where communities local in prevalent lifestyles stationary of persistence the with do to had This century. nineteenth late the until media portable for desire a concerted Although it may seem very early, Strada’s idea was hardly original—similar fantasies about about fantasies original—similar hardly was idea Strada’s early, very seem it may Although cosmo epic the for known Lucretius, poet Roman the of impersonation an text, Strada’s In Strada’s description recalls in an almost uncanny manner the nineteenth-century spiritistic spiritistic nineteenth-century the manner uncanny almost an in recalls description Strada’s wereover a purposes official expressly for telecommunications of systems permanent first The uniting as such needs personal with associated normally was adistance at Communication 3 in 1617. in From Magnetic Needles to PocketFrom Communicators Needles Magnetic 4 2 It was not a book of science; rather, it presented a series of rhetorical rhetorical of a series it presented rather, science; of abook not It was — emotion and longing played roles. This may, be however remotely, This roles. played longing and emotion , explains how “a certain loadstone” that touched “two several nee several “two touched that loadstone” how “a certain , explains the hidden layers, forgotten devices and unaccounted for discourses discourses for unaccounted and devices forgotten layers, hidden the Erkki Huhtamo 22 made the technical presence and institutional institutional and presence technical the , made 6 There does not seem to have been been have to seem not does There ------5 ,

Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 15:29 27 Sep 2021; For: 9780429242816, chapter2, 10.4324/9780429242816-4 sented advertisements. sented pre building the of side other the on disc glass another while Champs-Elysées, the along quarters still imagined the pocket telephonoscope as a wired tool. tool. awired as telephonoscope pocket the imagined still Vingtième Siècle Vingtième of apassing people, connecting of ameans travel, virtual for avehicle acollectable, design, graphic for achallenge entity, portable object—a cultural acomplex it is scholars, academic by neglected been has postcard picture the Although later). tury acen put be would phone mobile the (where hand human the of actions the with associated and scale lilliputian to reduced were Pictures visuality. of expansion amassive to rise It gave century. nineteenth the in proliferating begun had that formats visual mass-(re)produced of plethora the joined postcard picture The taboo. the broke amania, became even which habit, postcard ture pic The earlier. decades afew only impossible considered been have would then read to anyone contact. in stay need to increasing an about brought societies industrial developed within polarization social creasing was reserved for professionals only. professionals for reserved was uses. Téléphonoscope named machine media audiovisual An devices. stationary with occupied mainly was future, the in the 1890s and burst into full bloom around 1900. around bloom full into burst and 1890s the in began which postcards, picture sending of craze new least—the not but telephony, and—last tion, communica private for also increasingly but official for just not telegraph the using of habit the books on wireless telegraphy as well as in technological journals. technological in as well as telegraphy wireless on books elsewhere). probably (and States United the in and England in both magazines numerous in reprinted was and “viral” went quickly prophecy The usefulness. its of authorities the convince to government British the for system communication wireless his of demonstrations performing England in was 1897, Marconi while February in presented was which prophesy, well-known aless at looking Much has been written about Marconi about written been has Much space. and time of coordinates prevailing challenging place, to place move to from it easier made steamboat the and train the like transportation of means New before. seen not ascale on patterns age-old such questioning tourism organized industrialization, ur banization, trade, international immigration, colonialism, modernity, emerging of tokens As lived. still way conversations “suppressing the absence,” and even served the need of surveillance. of need the served even and absence,” the “suppressing conversations way February 15, 1897. Electrician The February on London in Institute Imperial the at delivered Ayrton, Edward William scientist British the by Telegraphy” Years Submarine of “Sixty titled alecture in origin its had question in prophecy confirms the pregnancy of the idea the of pregnancy the confirms ­L’Époque practical public demonstrations by the Italian Guglielmo Marconi were more than a decade away. adecade than more were Marconi Guglielmo Italian the by demonstrations public practical first the published—but was book the after soon confirmed was waves Hertzian of existence the Le Robida’s Le Albert environment. this in appeared media technical portable of Anticipations potentially allowed which card, of apiece on thoughts one’s private scribbling of idea The in the by caused fears the and lifestyles, of up speeding the mobility, of modes changing The Robida’s vision also included a portable version, the “pocket telephonoscope.” However, it telephonoscope.” “pocket the version, aportable included also Robida’s vision Years later, this vision of the future was still routinely quoted in the concluding chapters of of chapters concluding the in quoted routinely still was future the of vision this Years later, 11 It transmitted real time or recorded theatre performances to homes, allowed private two- private allowed homes, to performances theatre recorded or time real It transmitted used it to transmit live news on a gigantic telephonoscope “screen” flanking its head its flanking “screen” telephonoscope agigantic on news live transmit it to used —an extension and improvement of the telephone—was omnipresent and had many many had and omnipresent telephone—was the of improvement and extension —an ( The TwentiethThe Century 8 It manifested itself in different forms such as the popularity of letter writing, writing, letter of popularity the as such forms different in itself It manifested 14 An illustration of a camel-mounted war correspondent shows that Robida Robida that shows correspondent war acamel-mounted of illustration An 7 Magic Spectacles and Portable Boxes Portable and Spectacles Magic published a lengthy abstract four days later. days four abstract alengthy published Prophesies and Parodies and Prophesies — 13 The roaming reporters of the telephonographic newspaper newspaper telephonographic the of reporters roaming The a desire for wireless communication had been ignited. The The ignited. been had communication wireless for a desire , 1883), an imaginative forecast of the media culture of of culture media the of forecast , 1883), imaginative an — it is not worth repeating it here. Instead, it is worth worth it is Instead, it here. repeating worth not it is 23 and related social and economic forces began began forces economic and social related , and visual information, and entertainment and information, visual 9 15 Wireless telegraphy was “in the air”— the “in was telegraphy Wireless 16 The density of references references of density The 17 Most publications, publications, Most 12 . 10 ------Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 15:29 27 Sep 2021; For: 9780429242816, chapter2, 10.4324/9780429242816-4 from the banker J. P. Morgan. By creating a global network of similar plants, Tesla intended to to Tesla intended plants, similar of network aglobal By creating J. P. banker Morgan. the from funding capital venture with Island Long Shoreham, in built tower transmission and power station unfinished an was part materialized only The system. discursive unrealized but anoted remain to not very distant most telegraphic messages across the oceans will be transmitted without cables.” without transmitted be will oceans the across messages telegraphic most distant very not through the earth or environing medium […].” medium environing or earth the through 1905: in published article an in wrote He famously promoter. ­ self- a ferocious and thinker eccentric an certainly Tesla was not, or a genius he was Whether Edison. Alva Thomas of nemesis the becoming States, United the to emigrated who inventor in the the in article asensational in 1900 it around propagating He began purposes. communications and needs energy global to solution atotal a“World-System,” for scheme all-embracing his of part was sioned Tesla envi device mobile The currents. electrical high-intensity and primacy) claim to he tried (for which wireless the on work pioneering his from It grew speculation. pure not Tesla’s was vision visions. his with interviewers and admirers both charmed and press popular the to comments and articles many wrote he because determine to difficult is idea this voiced Tesla when first moment The Yet archaeologists. media other for atask is antecedents its Discovering original. entirely not was formulation this likely It is readers: countless of imagination the stirred have must which extract, following the relaying with content were ones, theosophic and religious also but journals, scientific only not including gic locations around the Earth to transmit “individualized signals to the utmost confines of the earth,”of Tesla confines said: utmost the to signals “individualized transmit to Earth the around locations gic strate in plants of a number place how he would describing After others. and Robida occupied already had that atopic Future,” the of Newspaper “The of context the in telegraphy” “world The “World-System” was a mixture of scientifically tested ideas and wild fantasy. Its fate was was fate Its fantasy. wild and ideas tested scientifically of a mixture was “World-System” The year previous the In musical instrument, conveyed from any other region of the globe. the of region other any from conveyed instrument, musical a of play or asong alecture, aspeech, hear to news, principal the sea or land on receive to one enable will about, carried readily device, inexpensive and asimple years, afew Within quite audible to him who wants to hear, absolutely silent to him who does not. does who him to silent absolutely hear, to wants who him to audible quite acalling pole, to pole from it extends when calling that of think then room, to room from on goes which calling the of Think mean. will that what Think dead. is friend the expect then may he and all, at come will no voice Pacific’…perhaps, the Or of middle the in or Andes, the crossing or mine, coal the of bottom the at ‘I am ear, electromagnetic the with man the to loud come will reply the and you?’ are ‘Where call, hewill else, everyone to silent be will but ear, electromagnetic the has who him by loud heard be will which voice, electromagnetic an in call hewill where, not heknows afriend, to telegraph to wants aperson when Then uities. antiq of museum the to relegated be will sheathings iron and coverings gutta-percha wires, copper when forgotten, Iare you and when maybe come, will day the doubt no is there Well, of response in every one of its parts. its of one every in response of capable it were, as brain, ahuge into converted be will earth entire the Thus, it. for intended be may as messages special such or news world’s the record it will and land, and sea on where some up set be then one’s may in pocket, carried be might which device, simple and A cheap Century 20 magazine, where he mentioned “the idea of effecting communication to any distance distance any to communication effecting of idea “the he mentioned where magazine, International Wood-Worker International , the another widely relayed prophesy was made by Nikola Tesla, a Serbian aSerbian Tesla, Nikola by made was prophesy relayed widely , another 21 Erkki Huhtamo 22 24 Tesla tried to convince the reader that “in a time atime “in that reader the convince to Tesla tried quoted a different version about about version Tesla’s adifferent quoted 19 18 23 - - - - Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 15:29 27 Sep 2021; For: 9780429242816, chapter2, 10.4324/9780429242816-4 of enquiry that enquiry of trajectory different to a belongs but issue complex and important an is affected was set television the or radio the of front in audience” “home How the mediated. increasingly became outside the with center,” connections a“media as conceived became home the As only. devices portable proxemic contacts with other humans. other with contacts proxemic direct from alienated devices, communication fantastic by surrounded beings human solitary pict de that cartoons other also are There felt. already were developments, later much with associated routinely are which media, portable with associated discontents social that indicates cartoon The Park. Hyde of beauty natural the from away far them carried have that reveries mediated in lost utterly are They directions. different facing and other each from apart chairs own their on ting sit are Both results.” racing some gentleman the and message, amatory an receiving is lady The another. one with communicating not are figures two “These situation: the specifies caption The tion with thought-transference in the following manner: manner: following the in thought-transference with tion publication ­publication than how I can send it into my arm.” my it into send how Ican than China to thought a send can how I explain to “no difficult more it was that claimed writer The stretched international press the from support eager With attire. contemporary in coated became which tradition, by vided pro were components their of many that likely it is but answers, precise more give to needed extra-terrestrials. with communicate to used be to going also was system addition, In humankind. entire the for communications and energy free provide to intended waves,” he “standing of theories his with this Combining energy. electrical with Earth the charge that devices like the “pocket wireless” had come to existence. to come had wireless” “pocket the like devices that informed were Readers relationship. one-to-one straightforward in not although forms, terial century twentieth early the In anybody in the city who has a telephone.” The device could not be wireless because the possibility possibility the because wireless be not could atelephone.” device The has who city the in anybody with communication hold “to them enabling one, with policeman every equip to was plan The pocket.” the in carried “conveniently and together folded be could that transmitter and receiver antennas protruding from their hats. Both are holding portable wireless devices on their laps. laps. their on devices wireless portable holding are Both hats. their from protruding antennas with Park Hyde in time their spending shown is couple 1907,” for elegant an a “forecast where add we could Evan Shelby, the manager of Lafayette Telephone Company in Indiana. in Telephone Company Lafayette of Shelby, manager the Evan discursive. mainly remained relationship The functioned. wonders technological new how the and meant actually was what verify to position However, the alienating effect of increasing media use was not necessarily associated with with associated necessarily not was use media increasing of effect alienating However, the How original were these—and other—prophecies of portable media? Further excavations are are excavations Further media? portable of other—prophecies these—and were How original Cartoonists were abreast of the times. In England In times. the of abreast were Cartoonists In October 1900 October In ficiency in mechanical arts is no absolute measure of capability. of measure absolute no is arts mechanical in ficiency pro the then so, it? If with accomplish only we can results machinery without accomplish to are—able still people—perhaps been have there way. that be it not May every in chemically, mechanically, known, machine best the is machine human The us. of inside we have what of copies imperfect mere all, after are, inventions mechanical our all that fact the recalls This in different directions, depending on the writer’s ideological leaning. The theosophical theosophical The leaning. ideological writer’s the on depending directions, different Century Path Century wildly—within esoteric and even scientific circles of the time. time. the of circles scientific even and esoteric , wildly—within I discuss in a forthcoming book on the media archaeology of the screen. screen. the of archaeology media the on book aforthcoming in Idiscuss they certainly had a broad influence on cultural imaginaries. The ideas were were ideas The imaginaries. cultural on influence abroad had certainly , they wrote about a “pocket telephone” invented by by invented telephone” a“pocket about wrote Engineer World and Electrical , the connected Ayrton’s prophecy of wireless person-to-person communica person-to-person wireless of Ayrton’s prophecy connected Between the Discursive and the Material the and Discursive the Between the discourse on imaginary portable devices began gaining ma gaining began devices portable imaginary on discourse , the Magic Spectacles and Portable Boxes Portable and Spectacles Magic 25 Such ideas about magic media resonated widely—perhaps widely—perhaps resonated media magic about ideas Such 27 25 the satirical journal Punch journal satirical , the 28 Of course, few of them were in a in were them of few course, Of 24 29 It was said to be a small asmall be to said It was published in 1906 1906 in published the the 26 ------

Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 15:29 27 Sep 2021; For: 9780429242816, chapter2, 10.4324/9780429242816-4 be within or outside of a fixed place.” a fixed of outside or within be he whether individual, the to but home the to it “not only bring would stage third The homes. at as the installation of street lighting in cities to eliminate dark spots where crimes could occur. could crimes where spots dark eliminate to cities in lighting street of installation the as such developments other with related was departments police by adoption Its actions. and subversive crime of fears highlighted also but societies, developed in infrastructures technological plex hand bag,” were claimed to be available for anyone to purchase in Germany. in purchase to anyone for available be to claimed bag,” were hand times.” all at city the with touch in be still and woods the through walk “a long allowing them, had forests and Even parks places.” convenient other or lampposts trees, doors, walls, to fastened are “They everywhere: practically installed been have to said were devices Contact policing.” insufficient through unsafe rendered are which districts outlying many are there capital, German the of expansion enormous the of consequence “[i]n because built was system the that said was to satisfactorily receive such broadcasted material.” broadcasted such receive satisfactorily to and person her or his on it carry conveniently to individual an enable to as form efficient and pact com such in receiver a suitable “developing reception, was him for issue main The achieved. be circular picture discs, often with semi-clad women. semi-clad with often discs, picture circular rotating for back and front the at windows picture round it had that except watch, pocket normal a like functioned which watch, apeep produced even clockmaker ASwiss contexts. ever-new in and chains) from hung or apocket (in body the on store to easy is that object proven and afamiliar watch, pocket the on modelled was that device only the not was The Telephone Watch-Case imagination. cultural the of a figment terminals.” extra with equipped be instruments telephone public all “that Telephone required The Watch-Case modified. be to had have would infrastructure the adoption, widespread for but three stages. From professional uses by “radio men “radio by uses professional From stages. three in radio of evolution the (RCA). He presented America of Corporation Radio powerful the of CEO the became who operator telegraph (1891–1971),wireless Sarnoff David by made Marconi a carried by a lady or a gentleman, which is not only serviceable but ornamental as well.” as ornamental but serviceable only not is which agentleman, or alady by carried be carried like a standard pocket watch. pocket astandard like carried be could which transmitter,” telephone vest-pocket Telephone” “sanitary the or “Watch-Case the Popular 1912 of Mechanics issue August The well. as elsewhere introduced been have to Chicago. in racetrack Club’s Jockey Harlem the at used even and lines telephone maintaining linemen the for designed also were devices Similar office. central the to connection automatic an and tery a bat with equipped be to going was Each city. the in there and here poles telephone on boxes connection place to was idea The investigated. be to beginning only was telephony wireless of of an undercover woman detective dressed in black posing while “calling patrol wagon.” patrol “calling while posing black in dressed detective woman undercover an of attention. much received Germany, Berlin, in operated that network telephone pocket public telephones, obviously to defend the user from contagious infections. contagious from user the defend to obviously telephones, public stand.” desk the or instrument telephone stationary the on terminals “special it with connect to sockets had case The position.” operative “into out mouthpiece collapsible the push spring spiral the smallest mechanical portable record player ever made. ever player record portable mechanical smallest the Mikiphone the while pictures, moving viewing Fonoscope apocket designed Demeny Georges France, In places. public in photography towards attitudes hostile the against areaction as partly objects, everyday other and The emergence of the pocket telephone reflected the need to maintain the increasingly com increasingly the maintain to need the reflected telephone pocket the of emergence The Portable telephones, which could be “carried in a pocket without inconvenience, or in a lady’s alady’s in or inconvenience, without apocket in “carried be could which telephones, Portable In spite of the technical limitations, efforts were made to turn portable media into more than than more into media portable turn to made were efforts limitations, technical the of spite In Against this background this Against In 1912, the Chicago-based Telephony 1912, Chicago-based In the Instead of being an independent self-supporting unit, the device was meant to be attached to to attached be to meant was device the unit, self-supporting independent an being of Instead 30 All were initially meant for professional use. professional for meant initially were All it is interesting to try assessing the originality of yet another prophesy prophesy another yet of originality the assessing try to interesting , it is 38 pull out and use. The pocket watch became a model used used amodel became watch pocket The use. and out pull Sarnoff presented specific plans detailing how this could could this how detailing plans specific presented Sarnoff 34 explained its principles, publishing an eerie photograph photograph eerie an publishing principles, its explained Erkki Huhtamo Pushing a button released the lid of the case, making a a making case, the of lid the released abutton Pushing was also identified as Pocket Phonograph, likely likely as Phonograph, Pocket identified also was 26 , 39 ” it had been extended to “nonradio persons” persons” “nonradio to extended been ” it had 36 Not surprisingly, the model was “the watch watch “the was model the surprisingly, Not Cameras were fashioned on pocket watches watches pocket on fashioned were Cameras 37 35 33 The idea made sense, sense, made idea The for both taking and and taking both for Similar devices seem seem devices Similar wrote about about wrote 40 32 31 It It A - - - Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 15:29 27 Sep 2021; For: 9780429242816, chapter2, 10.4324/9780429242816-4 mind.” The battery was a major concern—as it still is. it still concern—as amajor was battery The mind.” in view utilitarian the with developed be first “should Radiolette the that acknowledged Sarnoff Watch. Apple the and Glass Google like devices by time our in ignited discussions with resonate but examples can be found from Western cultural traditions. “Magic (or magical) spectacles” is is spectacles” (or magical) “Magic traditions. cultural Western from found be can examples but gazing). extended for scrolling” “infinite its with Facebook glances, for is Twitter that claim (we can providers contents and ers manufactur by use “preprogrammed” of modes predefined are which of both staring, intensive and glances repeated both encourage to seems smartphone The wristwatches. and watches pocket both using of forms earlier from acontinuity represents and common is it displays what at glancing rapidly latter, the of case the in Especially smartwatch. the and smartphone the like devices for staring at it for an extended amount of time. of amount extended an it for at staring than rather information visual at glancing for used mainly it is because comparison a perfect not is watch The device. the through or with viewing continuous involve not did they so pictures, snap or voice messages send sounds, to listen to used imaginary—were and real devices—both portable early Many eyes? the of front in worn media of archaeology the about said be can What transfer remote communications into the user’s field of vision, associated with commands. voice with associated vision, of field user’s the into communications remote transfer to effort failed and ashort-lived was Glass Google head. the on device the wearing of idea the is smartphone, the of ubiquity the beside media, mobile of narratives grand current the of One tributing to the illusion of mobile media as a novelty and cultural rupture. cultural and anovelty as media mobile of illusion the to tributing con mattered, mobility—also personal wider consumerism, subcultures, factors—youth nomic Yet decades. for force gathering been had phenomenon the but a breakthrough, seemed have may mid-1950s, the in introduced radios, transistor portable first the So, over again. over and revisited were ideas accumulated of piles The successful. became fraction a Only other. each influenced that forms discursive and material both in appeared devices decades coming the In stronger. became endeavour trial demonstrates. easily onward century nineteenth late the from publications scientific popular perusing as unexpected not was creativity out-of-control and wild sometimes of burst This devices. separate earlier of functions the combine and embody smartwatches and smartphones way the anticipating package, same the in functions media different combined tors radios, billfold radios, purse radios, bicycle radios, wrist radios, etc. radios, wrist radios, bicycle radios, purse radios, billfold radios, ring impractical—pinkie less or more were them of Many sets. radio wearable or portable for Life American in Radio in-between. century the during happened has little that seem it would amoment, for developments logical techno purely the forgot and aspects discursive the on we focussed 2015. Watch If Apple in the articles, press releases the revisit to instructive be it would acomparison, For millennium. next early the of discourses aRadiolette.” possess to desire areal individual the in create ultimately “would uses combined The possible. be also might functions extra other that and place,” dark in way the show “to flashlight, a into device the turn to used be could battery the and (“lamp”) tube radio the of effect combined Sarnoff’s ideas about the design of what he called “Radiolette” are highly interesting and and interesting highly are “Radiolette” called he what of design the about ideas Sarnoff’s The spectacles as a mobile media interface may not have been as common as other alternatives, alternatives, other as common as been have not may interface media amobile as spectacles The However, from a behaviouristic point of view of point a behaviouristic However, from The innovative imagination became even more agitated as media culture’s grasp as an indus an as grasp culture’s media as agitated more even became imagination innovative The The Portable Portable The book relevant still and pioneering his in demonstrated Schiffer Brian Michael As cultural media the in resounding voices industrial the pre-echoes next wrote Sarnoff What and videos released by the Apple Corporation to accompany the launch of of launch the accompany to Corporation Apple the by released videos , and , the introduction of radio broadcasting inspired many imaginative designs designs imaginative many inspired broadcasting radio of introduction , the Magic Spectacles and Portable Boxes Portable and Spectacles Magic The Magic Spectacles 27 the wearable clockface is a relevant reference reference arelevant is clockface wearable , the 41 However, Sarnoff also suggested that the the that suggested also However, Sarnoff contemporary social, cultural social, , contemporary many varieties of portable and wearable wearable and portable of varieties , many 42 As Sarnoff predicted, inven predicted, Sarnoff As and eco , and 43 ------

Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 15:29 27 Sep 2021; For: 9780429242816, chapter2, 10.4324/9780429242816-4 (or “television eyeglasses” and even “teleyglasses”). even and eyeglasses” (or “television Radio-Electronics 1949 the in in again once idea Read her warm yielding heart through her cold frigid eyes.” frigid cold her through heart yielding warm her Read / wise mighty look spectacles, my on “I put songs: popular his of one in women light-hearted about rhymed who Dibdin, Charles actor the by words into put was commonplace this others, many Among minds. read to user the allowing surface, the beyond penetrate to explained was cles are right up close to your eye; indeed they will be sharper in this manner.” this in sharper be will they indeed eye; your to close up right are future. the about satires cluding in contexts, many in appeared spectacles magic because tradition topos one within manifestations their all merge to imposing be It may circumstances. concrete with associated also was emergence encounter a mysterious old man, a street crier selling spectacles. selling crier astreet man, old amysterious encounter Magic Spectacles The Giles’ Chauncey in many, among vision. of extension imaginary this to contributed have well may microscope the and telescope the like devices in lenses of use The them. wore who person the of abilities mental the empowering comparison), of points anachronistic (to use realities “virtual” even or “augmented” into looking of ameans became They reality. physical immediate the beyond extended were lenses imagination cultural the In gram by means of a vest-pocket set?” avest-pocket of means by gram pro atelevision see to able Ibe “[H]ow will asked: He then television. with equipped be would Radio-Craft 1938 in in idea the revived Gernsback a twin television receiver built right on the eye-glass frame.” eye-glass the on right built receiver television a twin reformation movements and the establishment of the bourgeois domesticity and public sphere). public and domesticity bourgeois the of establishment the and movements reformation by brought conventions religious changing including implications, many with issue (an reading individual and literacy on emphasis new the with also but grinding, lens of art the of refinement the with do to had evolution Their century. sixteenth the since autility as common more ually grad became spectacles or eyeglasses The development. traceable ahistorical is which eyeglasses, of means by vision of enhancement the of coming the by inspired been have may origins Its sists. texts numerous in century eighteenth the since least at evoked topos a popular transmit the sound to your ear-drums in a most realistic fashion.” realistic a most in ear-drums your to sound the transmit vibration, molecular by also, will nose your of part bony the on set television the of frame “the enables me to see the names of everybody I wish to know.” to Iwish everybody of names the see to me enables which spectacles of “a pair hehas says man the Glass, Google the by inspired videos parody the anything, unless you try to help yourself.” help to you try unless anything, you in help they will Nor them. without enough well see you can that anything see you to help never will spectacles “The motivation: inner of ametaphor are They studies. their on concentrate to and good become to children restless the persuades spectacles virtual the wearing amoral: has look into something not immediately visible, such as unfolding political events political unfolding as such visible, immediately not something into look for years to come, a complete self-contained television receiver.” Rather, it would be a plug-in aplug-in be it would receiver.” Rather, television self-contained acomplete come, to years for “at least be not would device The rooms. living in common now becoming was television because the children spectacles that are “not worn on the nose, but on the inside of the eyes.” the of inside the on but nose, the on “not worn are that spectacles children the lications, had presented the idea of “television spectacles.” He first wrote about them in them 1936. about wrote He first spectacles.” “television of idea the presented had lications, pub his through men and boys American for name household a became who fiction, science and science of popularizer (1884–1967), a well-known Gernsback Hugo broadcasting. experimental of stage the reached just had television the when era the in 1930s, the in laid were goggles media was related with another topos: looking into a magic mirror. amagic into looking topos: another with related was Gernsback admitted that the images would be small, “but they need not be large, because they they because large, be not need they “but small, be would images the that admitted Gernsback More discursive precise their been, have may spectacles magic of origins discursive the how vacillating No matter A common context for “magic spectacles” was the fairytale. To mention just one example To example one just mention fairytale. the was spectacles” “magic for context A common , and the “magic” qualities of the eyeglasses with their artificial magnifying magnifying artificial their with eyeglasses the of qualities “magic” , the — 49 The saying “putting on the magic spectacles” signified a deeper deeper a signified spectacles” magic the on “putting saying The in a still minimal way minimal astill in 53 The answer was to “wear a pair of ‘spectacles’ which have have which ‘spectacles’ of apair “wear to was answer The Erkki Huhtamo 48 magazine, now calling the device Tele-Eyeglasses Tele-Eyeglasses device the now calling magazine, 28 57 , explaining that in the future every radio set set radio every future the in that , explaining He had toned down his predictions, perhaps perhaps predictions, his down toned He had (1870), two children, a brother and sister, sister, and abrother (1870), children, two , material 46 50 51 In exchange for their lives, he gives hegives lives, their for exchange In 54 The gaze through the magic specta magic the through gaze The 45 — In an amusing anticipation of of anticipation amusing an In foundation for the coming of of coming the for foundation 56 Gernback returned to the the to returned Gernback 55 He suggested that that He suggested . T it still per it still , and he expression he expression 47 The story story The 44 52 ------

Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 15:29 27 Sep 2021; For: 9780429242816, chapter2, 10.4324/9780429242816-4 Use.” Individual for Apparatus “Stereoscopic-Television a patented Heilig Morton filmmaker and tor inven Californian 1960, the In others. by created been had glasses media Wearable case. the ger that “several viewing spectacles may be connected in parallel to the same switch device.” switch same the to parallel in connected be may spectacles viewing “several that ­ suggested—like had Collum stereoscopy. 1949, mentioning in without described back device was the “TV Monocle” introduced in Popular in Mechanics introduced Monocle” “TV the was device interesting Another display. ahead-mounted as reality virtual of prehistory the to belongs it also Therefore, experiences. immersive for meant also was mask” viewing “television or glasses His experiences. sensory other and vibrations, wind, aromas, with audio and vision combined that machine arcade user single failed commercially but ingenious an Simulator, Sensorama the is fame inspired by Cinerama, a novelty ultra-widescreen cinematic spectacle. cinematic ultra-widescreen anovelty Cinerama, by inspired it described wearable 3-D “spectacle frame viewing apparatus.” viewing frame “spectacle 3-D wearable it described Apparatus,” Television “Stereoscopic 1945. heading the in Under N.McCollum J. De Henry inventor top the from ing protrud aerial a V-type has which a device wearing posing him shows mock-up.” A photograph developments, Gernback (or Life Gernback developments, technological of observations his of live), because to or years more four had (he age his of because lightweight electronic-optical viewer.” The picture seen with the “TV Monocle” was projected projected was Monocle” “TV the with seen viewer.” picture The electronic-optical lightweight a through conditions ground and information air-traffic of picture “a television see duties,” ing fly from distracted “[w]ithout being would, who pilots, for Co. Aircraft Hughes by developed sion goggles came in 1963 when the Life 1963 the when in came goggles sion hours.” for receiver television the of front in rigidly sit to having without relax to wish who those for and invalids for useful “particularly accessory, face upon which the images are shown.” are images the which upon face sur fixed other or ascreen to relative position certain some in sitting without televised being ­object the view to and chair acomfortable in recline to spectator the “permits device the that explained same thing could be used to watch the television in the other end of the room. the of end other the in television the watch to used be could thing same the belly—perhaps the on standing placed abook reading while ceiling the facing bed the on back her his/ on lie therefore could user The prisms. mirror with equipped glasses”—were “Hamblin as 1936. The in Hamblin Theodore optician British the by introduced been had the early 1940s. early the in version electronic an presented 1928 and as early as television stereoscopic amechanical strated demon had Baird Logie John pioneer television Scottish the that knew He certainly comments. his in own his of insight an occasionally adding doing, were inventors and engineers what lowing fol been have must Gernback enthusiast, and popularizer technology any Like screen. its across stretched be would film optical apolarizing that suggesting by glasses without television 3-D envisioned Gernsback that note to interesting It is possible.” view a stereoptical make will glasses fall. and rise its about study aforthcoming in issue this discuss Iwill from. come not did Glass Google what demonstrate to trying those for point areference become It has internet. the on on, flip a switch and turn to his favorite station.” favorite his to turn and switch a flip on, them slip anywhere, pocket his of out them “take to able be would user The gone. were earlier over adecade sounded hehad reservations The impractical. longer no be to said was concept” era inch-square cathode tubes” and “low-voltage current from very small batteries small very from current “low-voltage and tubes” cathode inch-square Gernsback may have been familiar with a patent that was granted posthumously to the American American the to posthumously granted was that apatent with familiar been have may Gernsback With Whether Gernsback was ever alone with his ideas is doubtful is ideas his with alone ever was Gernsback Whether The fourth time Gernsback got an opportunity to stir up the public imagination with televi with imagination public the up stir to opportunity an got Gernsback time fourth The In the article in Life in article the In 65 His main ambition at the time was to create totally immerse multisensory experiences experiences multisensory immerse totally create to was time the at ambition main His Life’s photo session in mind, Gernsback had “ordered some of his employees to build a build to employees his of some “ordered had Gernsback mind, in session photo 60 . T he reporter found the site “neo-Martian.” Today “neo-Martian.” site the found he reporter , Gernsback proclaimed that “since there will be a picture for each eye, the the eye, each for apicture be will there “since that proclaimed , Gernsback Magic Spectacles and Portable Boxes Portable and Spectacles Magic ?) decided to give the glasses a prominent role. Thanks to “thin, “thin, to Thanks role. aprominent glasses the give to ?) decided 63 This evokes a remarkably low-tech wearable device, which which device, wearable low-tech a remarkably evokes This magazine published a feature about his career. his about afeature published magazine 29 59 61 The system recalls the one Gerns one the recalls system The . I in October 1962. October in n 1963 n the picture has gone viral viral gone has picture , the 66 it was certainly no lon no certainly , it was Heilig’s main claim to to claim main Heilig’s spectacles—still known known ­spectacles—still 64 , ” his “New Deal Deal “New ” his 67 It had been been It had Gernsback— gadgets like like gadgets 58 Perhaps 62 Both Both ------Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 15:29 27 Sep 2021; For: 9780429242816, chapter2, 10.4324/9780429242816-4 by soldiers and perhaps even by others to “Get to the Office.” the to “Get to others by even perhaps and soldiers by diograph machine in the doctor’s office or hospital.” or office doctor’s the in machine diograph electrocar an by “received signals its and chest patient’s the to attached be anickel,” would larger than “[l]ittle transmitter, Aminiature performed. be will checks” heart “long-distance where medicine, is media mobile to closer gets that field The role. prominent avery played have to seem goggles. VR of types two the still are models see-through versus Opaque type. “see-through” the to belonged 1960s, late the in constructed Sutherland, A. Ivan of displays head-mounted reality virtual pioneering The here. comparison of point relevant amore is spectacles magic the of topos traditional the Heilig, or Gernsheim than Rather vision. of field the in overlaid realms digital and glasses through seen world real the between relationship the device). the of demise speedy the and disappointments to tributing con deliver, not could Glass Google which (something presented was vision of field augmented videos promotional Google’s In verified. fully been not has efforts, design Google’s of goal the or necessity technological was eye right user’s the of front in hovering seen only was which adisplay, 2010. Whether around Glass Google its developing it began when unit, Google[x] experimental Google’s by adopted was monocle the of idea The operation.” an forming 3 2 1 art— mobile for walks sound of the pioneer Cardiff, Janet Starner Thad Mann, of efforts The public. in them wearing of practice years-long apervasive developed but project, Google’s anticipated that devices built only not had Mann Steve tinkerer and artist the example, For attention. deserve velopments nowhere. from emerge not did it fact in but effort, afuturistic seemed have may Glass Google future. far?) (near? the of culture media mobile the for model apotential as interfaces media wearable see-through promote to effort interesting nevertheless but afailed was which Glass, Google surrounded that discourse the as such developments, recent more towards pages preceding the in examined zone” cavation likely Very it. with associated devices of story entire the told not has media mobile of archaeology tentative and short This eight as “onto a­ underlying obvious underlying rediscovery, and repetition continuation, and rupture of logics the reveal to other each with logue dia in put be can recent the and ancient The field. the of excavations archaeological media future stationary, location based. Finding out how representative this idea is requires further excavations. further requires is idea this how out representative Finding based. location stationary, However, in the technological imagination of the 1960s, mobile media technology does not not does technology media mobile 1960s, the of imagination technological the However, in it affects because important is interface wearable monocular and binocular between choice The As we have seen, “magic spectacles” was an established topos, but even more short-term de short-term more even but topos, established an was spectacles” “magic seen, we have As J. Rivington, et al., 1822), 161–65. al., et Rivington, J. Biographical and Historical Prefaces Two in Volumes; with Revised, Carefully tion, Edi aNew Guardian; (ed.), The Chalmers 1713), GuardianThe 119, no. 28, Alexander July in (Tuesday, 1991), 17–18. Découverte, la de Éditions (Paris: privée vie et public Espace moderne. communication la de histoire Une 1619); Flichy, Patrice Poeticae Historicae, Oratoriae, Academicae, Proclusiones Strada, Famianus Technologies Mobile and Art dia Me Audience: Mobile The in Media,” Mobile of Archaeology An Plenty. of “Pockets Huhtamo, Erkki See transparent-mirror monocle positioned in front of the eye.” It was said to appear “as large large “as appear to eye.” said the of It was front in positioned monocle transparent-mirror feet,” and also be suited for surgeons, who could “monitor a patient’s pulse rate while per while rate pulse apatient’s “monitor could who surgeons, for suited be also feet,” and were were and overt manifestations of media culture. media of manifestations overt , and involved in extending the realm of mobile media deserve to be included in in included be to deserve media mobile of realm the extending in involved the full story can never be told. Another task is to extend the “ex the extend to is task Another told. be never can story full , the , edited by Martin Rieser (Amsterdam; New York: Rodopi, 2011), York: New Rodopi, 23–38. (Amsterdam; Rieser Martin by , edited and Masaki Fujihata, the pioneer in using GPS as a tool atool as GPS using in pioneer the Fujihata, Masaki , and Erkki Huhtamo Conclusion Notes 30 and many others—including media artists like like artists media others—including many , and 68 Rocket-propelled jet packs will be used used be will packs jet Rocket-propelled 69

The overall vision is surprisingly surprisingly is vision overall The (Audomari: Carolus Boscardus, Boscardus, Carolus (Audomari: , Vol. II (London: F. C. and F. and C. , Vol. (London: II a hypothetical fully fully , ahypothetical ------Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 15:29 27 Sep 2021; For: 9780429242816, chapter2, 10.4324/9780429242816-4 10 9 8 11 7 6 5 4 12 13

16 17 18 21 19 22 20 15 14

University Press, 1988), 94–95. Press, University were Technologies New Old When Marvin, Carolyn see communication, of means aprivate as telegraphy For Mobilities Urry, John monde (1996) by George Legrady was a kind of archaeology of postcard postcard of culture. archaeology of akind was Legrady Trail (1996) George by Postcard The installation remarkable The interactive amedium. as postcard the popularizing in important were 1900 of Exposition Universal 1880 Space tury Journey Railway The Schivelbusch, Wolfgang York: W. 1919). (New &Company, Watt J. Board Ouija the Taken Over as Beyond from Light Davis, Mardon Katherine is board aOuija with “received” purportedly book Another Twain. Mark by work Ouija Board Herron Jap extraordinary the in Herron,” Jap of Coming “The introduction, See 11, (note 214). Before Day the of Island Eco’s The Umberto inspired Knowledge Universal World the of Theatre Kircher’s Athanasius Godwin, Joscelyn 164. Ibid., 1893 cards Willoughby, 1979 [1966]); Martin Press, Lutterworth (London: Picture The Origins Its and Staff, Postcard Frank by discussed been have postcard picture the preceded that formats visual Various 55. Siècle Vingtième Le Robida’s, Albert Ibid., 72–73. Ibid., provinces. Although l’Époque Although the provinces. and Paris between prevailed imbalance An Robida’s vision. in ubiquitous not was media Televisual 200. Ibid., Ibid., 201. Ibid., 201–02. Ibid., readers. provincial for published were editions paper graphic D. van Nostrand Company, 1908), 196–97. 1908), Company, Nostrand D. van Practice and Theory in Telephony Wireless in together prophesies Tesla’s and Ayrton’s bundled Ruhmer Ernst telephone.” “pocket expression the used author 140. The 1914), & Co, Service Seeley, (London: Wires without Telephony and Telegraphy Wireless Gibson, R. Charles XXXVIII, no. 17 (No. 979) (Feburary 19, 545–48. 1897), (Feburary 17 no. 979) (No. XXXVIII, Science and Industry Engineering, Electrical of Journal Telegraphy,” Electrician The Submarine of Years “Sixty Ayrton, Edward William article (from a series the autobiography was based on), “My Inventions: The Magnifying Transmitter,” Electricalin Experimenter Transmitter,” Magnifying The on), Inventions: “My based was autobiography the a series (from article Inventions My pronalasci/ Moji Tesla, Nikola “World-System.” the about statement” a“technical from this quoted Tesla Quoted 548. Ibid., “World System” is not yet mentioned. In their Tesla their In mentioned. yet not is “World System” 184–211). expression The (article 207 1900), 2(June no. LX, Magazine Century The Sun’s Energy,” of the Harnessing the to Reference Special With Energy, Human Increasing of Problem “The Tesla, Nicola Scientific American Scientific to referred publication Wood-Worker International The Future,” the of Newspaper “The Johnson: Katharine admirer his told have to reported is Tesla archive. author’s in manuscript book the of Photocopy 82. Company), Book CA: Tesla (Millbrae, Said T. Ratzlaff Tesla in: facsimile in 7, 1905): 21–24. Reprinted (January Engineer World and Peace,” Electrical Furthering for aMeans as Wires Without Energy Electrical of Transmission “The Tesla, Nikola you can communicate from any distance with friends at home through an instrument similarly similarly attuned. instrument an through home at friends with distance any from communicate you can ground, the in awire and instrument apocket of [...] world means by the of and news important the with board on paper adaily have you will steamer by ocean the crossing when come will time The The Culture of Time and and Time of Culture The Kern, 2014); Stephen Press, California of University The (Berkeley: , trans. Picture Postcards in the United States States United the in Postcards Picture Miller, Dorothy and 1994); George Books, Bracken (London: (New York & Oxford: Oxford Oxford York &Oxford: (New Century Nineteenth Late the in Communication Electric About : Thinking – (Neuchatel: Éditions de la Baconnière, 1973). Baconnière, la de Éditions (Neuchatel: 1918 by Cheney & Uth (49) from Robert Johnson, Remembered Yesterdays Johnson, Robert (49) &Uth from Cheney by (New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc., 1976). The Chicago World’s Fair (1893) and the Paris Paris (1893) the and World’s Fair 1976). Chicago Inc., The Potter, N. York: Clarkson (New – (New York: Mitchell Kennerley, 1917), 7–8, 11. The work is claimed to be a post-mortem apost-mortem be to 1917), claimed 11. is Kennerley, work 7–8, The York: Mitchell (New 1918 , ed. Branimira Valic (Zagreb: Skolska Knjiga, 1987), 66. The quotation appeared in an an in appeared quotation The 66. 1987), Knjiga, Skolska (Zagreb: Valic Branimira , ed. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983); Claude Pichois, Pichois, 1983); Claude Press, University Harvard MA: (Cambridge, (Rochester, Vermont: Inner Traditions, 2009), 194. Godwin reminds that this theme theme this that reminds 194. Godwin 2009), Traditions, Inner Vermont: (Rochester, (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007). Press, Polity (Cambridge: , June 1919. June , had mostly abandoned paper editions, special typographic and photo and typographic special editions, paper abandoned mostly had Magic Spectacles and Portable Boxes Portable and Spectacles Magic , facsimile edition (Genève and Paris: Editions Slatkine, 1981 [1883]), Slatkine, Editions Paris: and (Genève edition , facsimile as the source. the as The Industrialization of Time and Space in the Nineteenth Cen Nineteenth the in Space and Time of Industrialization : The 31 (New York: Fairfax Publishers/ Publishers/ York: Fairfax (New Lightning of : Master The Life and Work of the Last Man to Search for for Search to Man Last Work the of and Life : The , trans. James Erskine-Murray (New York: (New Erskine-Murray James , trans. 14, no. 6 (Chicago, June 1904), 244. The The 1904), 244. June 14, 6(Chicago, no. (1923). In his autobiography autobiography (1923). his In A Novel Written from the the from Written : ANovel A Weekly Illustrated : AWeekly Illustrated Vitesse et vision du du vision et Vitesse A History of Post of A History , ed. John John , ed. - - - Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 15:29 27 Sep 2021; For: 9780429242816, chapter2, 10.4324/9780429242816-4 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 35 34 33 37 36 39 38 41 40 32

‘Phone’” for linemen, Telephony ‘Phone’” for linemen, Type Telephone,”New Pocket of Popular Mechanics “A (18 1903), 25 no. 398–99; June VII, Journal Telephone Telephone,” by American The Horses “Racing 579. 1900), 15 no. (13 October XXXVI, Engineer World and “Pocket Telephone,” Electrical Room Come,”to Grey Media of Shape the and Wireless “Pocket Wythoff, Grant see discussion, adetailed For operator. the by connection awrong given been having after ashower taking a man surprises woman amodern latter the in up, while dressing awoman at peep men of agroup former, Judge Television,” of Drawback siècle Robida’s Vingtième in Telectroscope the with connection in appeared that topos number” “wrong the is technology new of discontents the of example Life in published Originally Parikka. and Huhtamo Archaeology Media of cover the in Then” Happy Be All “We’ll cartoon, Dart’s Grant Harry See vari and telephone in the Century the in telephone and television included Tesla that claim erroneously Uth Robert and Cheney Margaret 1999) Metrobooks, Wolfgang Schivelbusch, Schivelbusch, Wolfgang Telegraphy Wireless of “Development Baumer, Lewis Ibid. 17. 1907), 23, 10, 33(June no. Tingley Katherine ed. Path Century Transference,” Thought and Telegraphy “Wireless Student, 209. Energy,” Human Increasing of Problem “The Tesla, (ibid.) circuits” wire regular the over or telephone wireless by either hear to as well as see to possible be will “[i]t that wrote he although devices, portable out no. 100, single Monthly did He 1922), 28. 5 (May Science Popular of Issue Anniversary 50th the in Wireless” of Future Forecast “Famous to Scientists contribution his in electricity” of means by hear as well as “see to apossibility as vision” into a circular nickel case two and half inches in diameter and three-quarters of an inch thick. inch an of Telephone Popular Mechanics Transmitter,” “Watch-Case three-quarters and diameter in inches half and two case nickel acircular into fit transmitter and receiver (ibid.). The voice” of tone low avery only in speak need one that structed con delicately so is telephone pocket …the booth telephone the of privacy the too. “one misses cities Although German other in operated systems similar that said information this layed Telephony Germany,” Telephone Pocket in “The 1988), 133–34. Press, California of University (Berkeley: scantily dressed ladies, some on bicycles. on some ladies, dressed or nude of scantily photographs tiny ten had disc glass The 2005. February in France eBay on sold was SGDG” K.B.B. Diorama, 1900 “Montre marked example An unknown). issue (exact 1907 1891 and between Nature La to supplement the from is 7. information The 1(January1989), no. 6, Journal The Lantern Magic Scientifiques,” New “Nouvelles Herbert, (Stephen images photographic 12 minuscule with disc tating aro It contained Paris. Nation, la de 7Place Bienfait, L. M. by France in sold Watch,” was Panorama “The watch, pocket the of shape the in device portable 1901]. 23, Dec. Another 24340, patent, 1902.” [Earlier juillet 22 Chaux-de-Fonds, Schweizer-Schatzmann, A[rnold] No. 24792, brevet d’invention, “Exposé to refers patent Swiss the Christie’s, to According given). number no S.G.D.G. (French, and 192177 M. D. G. R. (German) (Swiss), 24792 numbers patent the bears example author’s The 1902. C. passim. 1993), 116, 45, 138–40, Gronowski, in (1886) Tester” Lung Standard “Hall’s as such examples See Ibid., 45. Ibid., 2015. August 25 accessed Last gramophone.com/mikiphone_gramo.ws. www Switzerland, Ste-Croix, in Paillard by 1926–1927 in Nov. manufactured in 1924 and Cinématheque French the of Cinéma the du of Musée collection the in is example known only The discs. (positive) developed viewing for used be also could and disc sensitized arotating on sequence image moving ashort recorded Fonoscope pocket The Ibid. Ibid. that would allow “physicians, contractors, business men, and others” reach the user (613). user the reach others” and men, business contractors, “physicians, allow would that article 1938), same 613. the In Radio-Craft 9(March no. Future,” the in “Radio generator.” electric a“watchspring-driven batteries of instead have would which watch, pocket the of shape the in radio 1938 aportable in imagined Gernsback Hugo CXXXI (26 December 1906), 451. 1906), December (26 CXXXI no. 51 (Spring 2013), 40–63. 51 no. (Spring Arcade 1. Illustrated Historical Guide to Arcade Machines Arcade to Guide Historical 1. Illustrated Arcade Century Nineteenth the in Light of Industrialization The Night. Disenchanted The text (99). They must have quoted a later source. Tesla wrote about “Tele about wrote Tesla source. alater quoted have must (99). They text , 1929 (issue not known). The gender roles have been reversed: in the the in reversed: been have roles gender The known). not , 1929 (issue 66, no. 18 (2 May 1914), 18 no. (2 May 66, 11. Erkki Huhtamo , he suggested that portable radios would be used as pagers pagers as used be would radios portable that suggested he Mikiphone was patented by Vadász brothers, Génève, Génève, brothers, Vadász by patented was . Mikiphone 32 62, no. 9 (2 March 1912), 280. Some sources that re that sources 1912), Some 280. 9(2 no. March 62, (75) and later in another cartoon by Dart, “A Possible “A Possible Dart, by cartoon another in later and (75) LVIII, no. 1591 (7 December 1911), no. 1591 December (7 LVIII, 1007. Another 24, no. 2 (August 1915), “Pocket the 162; for ad 2(August no. 24, Punch, or Chari Punch, the London Park,” Hyde in : Scene , 12 August, 243. , 12 August, , Vol. 1 (USA: Hoflin Publishing Ltd, Ltd, Publishing Hoflin , Vol. 1(USA: Richard M. Bueschel and Steve Steve and Bueschel M. , Richard (Point Loma, San Diego, CA), CA), Diego, San Loma, (Point , edited by by , edited ­. ­portable- IX, IX, - - - - -

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Press, 1991). ­ of University The &London: (Tucson Life American in Radio Portable The Schiffer, Brian Michael (Wien: Verlag von Josef Šafár, 1903). Šafár, Josef von Verlag (Wien: Geschichte ihre und Emil is Brille Die study Bock, early 1988), An 25–27. Genova, Internazionali Culturali Edizioni (Genova: catalogue Rathschüler Fritz collezione la attraverso curiosità scienza, Storia, lente. 1988); La Leipzig, Edition A Spectacle of Spectacles Winkler, Wolfgang 2002); Silvana, Balsamo: (Cinisello Vision of Technologies and Science, History, Art, Seriously: Taking Eyeglasses Riccini, Raimonda Glass. Google of fall and rise the on astudy on working I am Ibid., 18. For examples of such parody videos, search “Google Glass” on YouTube. on Glass” “Google search videos, parody such of examples 18. For Ibid., be to Nice Learns Who aBoy about ABook Spectacles: Magic the and Zachary book children’s Sivek’s Rachel example, for FreierMiller See, published. still are title the in spectacles” “magic with [1870]). stories &Company Educational Oliphant William (Edinburgh: Story AFairy Spectacles. Magic The Giles, Chauncey Ibid., 29–30. The topos of the magic mirror also appears, 137, 144. appears, also mirror magic the of topos The 29–30. Ibid., 39. Ibid., Ibid., 613. Ibid., [1790], Author 127–29. the for Printed (London: IV Mr. of Dibdin Works the from Selected Songs, of ACollection in Spectacles,” “Magic Dibdin, Charles aGeneral to Revolution Europe in Disposition Present the on aYoung Prince to Lessons Williams], [David Statesman Old Punch Future,” aPossible into APeep Spectacles. Magic “The Ibid. Ibid. Radio-Craft Future,” the in “Radio Gernsback, Hugo Wave Craft Short In 62–69. Photo of Gernback wearing his glasses was published on page 68. ETSI. 68. page on published was glasses his wearing Gernback of Photo 62–69. Life Age,” Space the of Barnum Science. of Prophet Gernsback, Hugo Amazing “The O’Neil, Paul tiperception article same the In 2015. August 25 accessed Last features/40years.html. “40 Radio-Electronics Television,” of Years Gernsback, Hugo (London: Hutchinson, 1986), 151, 230. Baird also worked on 3D radar. 3D on worked also 1986), 151, Baird 230. Hutchinson, (London: Baird Logie John of Life Secret The Waddell, Peter and Tom McArthur also See eyepiece! the as stereoscope Holmes-type Monthly Science Popular System,” Baird the by Syn chronizing and Scanning “Television in published was television stereoscopic 1928 the with Baird of Picture 69. Ibid., from Chicago from was He patents. other several had 30, McCollum 1945. October granted 15, 1943, April filed 2,388,170, Use,” Patent US Individual for Apparatus “Stereoscopic-Television McCollum, N. De J. Henry 1992), 293 (article 292–305). (article 1992), 293 &Technology Art Exploring Cyberarts. in Future,” the to Back Looks Pioneer AVR Revolution. Experiential the “Enter Angeles. Heilig, L. Los Morton California, Southern of University the of collection the in placed and items, Heilig other in salvaged was documentation related much and prototype The 1960. 4October 1957, 24, May granted filed 2,955,156, Use,” Patent US Individual for Apparatus “Stereoscopic-Television Heilig, Morton 2013. 16 August Mail, Daily “A down.” Dream,” Potato’s Couch lying shows favorite their watch and back kick to worms Mail Daily to According idea. same the time our In Ibid. 1. Ibid., Ibid., 134. Ibid., Monocle,” Popular“TV Mechanics Ibid., 100. Ibid., November 2018 by Scott Fisher and the author, together with surviving Sensorama Simulators and and Simulators Sensorama surviving with together author, the and Fisher 2018 Scott by ­November (Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2012). AuthorHouse, IN: (Bloomington, , 7th ed. (London: H. D. Symonds, 1791), D. H. Symonds, 114. (London: ed. , 7th devices like the Supine Reading Glasses or the Lazyglasses (sold by ThinkGeek) re-embody re-embody ThinkGeek) by (sold Lazyglasses the or Glasses Reading Supine the like , devices , ” which we would now call multitasking, anticipating media practices of much later times. later much of practices media anticipating multitasking, call now we would ” which the executrix was his widow Thelma McCollum. Thelma widow his was executrix the , and , October 1936. , October Magic Spectacles and Portable Boxes Portable and Spectacles Magic 118, no. 2 (October 1962), 118, 96. 2(October no. , edited by Linda Jacobsen (San Francisco, CA: Miller Freeman, Inc., Inc., Freeman, Miller CA: Francisco, (San Jacobsen Linda by , edited , “‘Lazyglasses’ allow apathetic telly addicts and lethargic book book lethargic and addicts telly apathetic allow , “‘Lazyglasses’ 33 IX, no. 9 (March 1938), 590–91, 613. 1938), 590–91, 9(March no. IX, , February 1932, 84. It used a standard Victorian Victorian a standard It used 84. 1932, , February , March 1949. www.antiqueradios.com/ , March LXXXIV (9 June 1883), 265. (9 June LXXXIV , exhibition catalogue (Leipzig: (Leipzig: catalogue , exhibition Gernsback writes about “Mul about writes , Gernsback , exhibition , exhibition Arizona Arizona - - ,