HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE Annual Report 2003 PDF Titel_GB26.02.200411:01UhrSeite2 H EINZ NIXDORF I NSTITUTE Annual Report University ofPaderborn INSTITUTE HEINZ NIXDORF 2003 PDF Titel_GB 26.02.2004 11:01 Uhr Seite 4
Statistics of the Institute
Academic Profile of the Interdisciplinary Institute 8 Dipl.-MathematikerIn 3 Dipl.-WirtschaftsinformatikerIn 8 Master Sc. Elektrotechnik 51 Dipl.-InformatikerIn 2 Master Sc. Informatik
2 Master Sc. Fertigungstechnik
7 Dr.-Ing. 8 Dr. rer. nat. 1 Dr.-Phil. 28 Dipl.-IngenieurIn Maschinenbau
3 Dr.-Physik
16 Dipl.-IngenieurIn Elektrotechnik 1 Dipl.-Ing. Dipl.-Phy.
22 Dipl.-WirtschaftsingenieurIn Fertigungstechnik 4 Dipl.-PhysikerIn
3 Dipl.-WirtschaftsingenieurIn Elektrotechnik 1 Magister Medienwissenschaft
4 Dr. Dipl. InformatikerIn 1 Dipl. Sportlehrer
1 Magister
Activities of Employees with PhD (since Foundation of the Institute 1987)
36 Scientific Research 75 Industrial Research and Lectureship and Development
14 Self-employed
57 Management
Jobs of the Spin-Offs of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute in the year 2003
Number of Employees dSpace: approx. 400 Employees *Company Group UNITY AG 100 90 … 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 GmbH THENA myview A ScMi AG * UNITY AG * Dr. Ketterer Dr. NetSkill AG CentConsult IPT Software Pro. X GmbH schöke GmbH Entrice GmbH dSpace GmbH Xionics GmbH FASTEC GmbH T IML Fraunhofer iXtronics GmbH GmbH & Co. KG adersonic GmbH UNITY Egypt Ltd. Beratungs GmbH P * SDG Consulting AG * Multimedia & more PDF Titel_GB 26.02.2004 11:01 Uhr Seite 5
Statistics of the HNI Workgroups
Scientific Results/Publications of the HNI Workgroups
105 Master Theses
199 Publications 24 PhD Theses
External Funds of the HNI Workgroups Mill. EURO *estimated value 9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003*
Number of Employees of the HNI Workgroups Number of Employees Professors Research Staff Technical and Administrative Staff Trainees
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 HNI_2003_GB_03_15 26.02.2004 10:27 Uhr Seite 3
HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE
Annual Report2003
HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn HNI_2003_GB_03_15 26.02.2004 10:27 Uhr Seite 4
4 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2003
ContentsContents
General Description
Cover inside Statistics of the Institute
Cover inside Statistics of the HNI Workgroups
Page 6 Vision of the Institute
Page 8 The Research Program
Page 12 Distinguished Research at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute
Page 14 Commitment to support young Researcher
Additional Activities
Page 84 Publications
Fairs/Conferences/Seminars,
Patents, Prizes/Awards,
Additional Functions, Spin-Offs,
Current Research Projects,
Current Industry Co-operations and
Scientific Co-operations
Page 103 Impressum HNI_2003_GB_03_15 26.02.2004 10:28 Uhr Seite 5
Contents 5
HNI Workgroups
Page 18 Business Computing, especially CIM Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier
Page 24 Computer Integrated Manufacturing Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier
Page 32 Computers and Society Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil-Slawik
Page 38 Algorithms and Complexity Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide
Page 44 Design of Distributed Embedded Systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig
Page 50 System and Circuit Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert
Page 56 Mechatronics and Dynamics Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallaschek
Page 62 Mechatronics Laboratory Paderborn Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Lückel
Page 66 Parallel Computing Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien
Page 70 Applied Physics/Integrated Optics Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler
Page 74 Philosophy of Science and Technology Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus Associated Page 78 Cognitive Psychology Prof. Dr. phil. hist. Manfred Wettler Workgroups
Page 82 HNI Computer Operation Dipl.-Ing. Christopher Odenbach HNI_2003_GB_03_15 26.02.2004 10:28 Uhr Seite 6
6 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2003
Heinz Nixdorf HNI_2003_GB_03_15 26.02.2004 10:28 Uhr Seite 7
Vision of the Institute 7
Vision of the Institute
We are currently experiencing the evolution Commitment to training and education from national industrial societies to a global We are intensely committed to training and information society. Information and com- education our students and graduates and munication technology is affecting all areas giving them the necessary qualifications so of life: the boundaries we knew in the past that they can help shape the future. are no longer relevant. Yet we are also noticing that fewer and fewer people are Measurable goals being employed in the more traditional sec- Strategic action is based on measurable tors of industry, which is why many regard goals. We set ourselves three main goals: the current transition as a threat and would 1) The research work must be excellent. rather preserve the status quo. We measure it by our external funds, However, the progression to a global by the number of doctorates and habili- information society offers many opportuni- tations as well as by the number of pub- ties and much scope for creativity: new lications in respected media. proficiencies and workplaces are continuing 2) The number of innovations in products to emerge. and processes of services in industry Our research focuses on a symbiosis of that result from our work should be very computer science and engineering and aims high in comparison with other institutes. to provide decisive impetus for new pro- 3) Our graduates receive appropriate ducts and services for the global markets employment in the business or scientific of tomorrow. Our activities will create new world. workplaces and sustain prospority. The problems we have to solve are com- In this way, we are following the vision of plex. There are numerous influences that Heinz Nixdorf, the founder of our institute. must be considered from areas such as nat- ural sciences, technology, economics, ecolo- gy and the social environment. We are adopting an interdisciplinary approach because we see that this offers the best possibility to find solutions for complex problems.
Balance between basic research and applied research We want to be a leading research institute. To succeed in this aim, we have to be able to give decisive impetus in practice but also be able to recognise problems of tomorrow early on and find solutions. We place the same value on basic research, which opens new horizons and offers new opportunities, and applied research, which refers to what is currenty happening in practise. HNI_2003_GB_03_15 26.02.2004 10:28 Uhr Seite 8
8 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2003
The Research Program
While recognizing that our institute relies on the cre- What we do creates benefits ativity and productivity of our researchers, we try to We strive to create product and process innovations in constantly focus their skills in core areas because we the core areas mentioned. This in turn stimulates the know that this is what we have to do in the long term innovative behaviour of the people in the relevant orga- to achieve the best performance. These core areas are nizations. We therefore also look at the interaction derived from our institute model and are designed to between product and process innovations and behav- meet the challenges of the future global information ioural innovations, all of which should increase the com- society. We are focusing on the following four core areas petitiveness of the companies with whom we work or at present: provide a future perspective for new companies that emerge on the basis of our work. Our innovations should • Intelligent technical systems. add benefit wherever possible. It is also particularly • Networks and mobility. important to us in this regard that research findings be • Human-Machine interaction. implemented quickly in practice. We are ideally equipped • Strategies for the products of tomorrow. to do this, because we amalgamate basic research, applied research and industrial experience. HNI_2003_GB_03_15 26.02.2004 10:28 Uhr Seite 9
The Research Program 9
Intelligent Technical Systems Participating HNI research groups: Our technical environment is already fully IT ready. Some 20 bil- • Business Computing, especially CIM (Prof. Dangelmaier) lion microprocessors have been produced to date, i.e. more than • Computer Integrated Manufacturing (Prof. Gausemeier) three for every member of the world's population. Nevertheless, • Mechatronics Laboratory Paderborn - MLaP (Prof. Lückel) this process is only in its infancy. The vast majority of IT-related • Parallel Computing (Prof. Monien) applications in technical systems to date can be characterized as • Design of Parallel Systems (Prof. Rammig) elementary control and arithmetic operations. • System and Circuit Technology (Prof. Rückert) • Mechatronics and Dynamics (Prof. Wallaschek) Greater autonomy, flexibility, ability to learn and proactive behaviour Networks and Mobility Even if this step has already led to an enormous increase in the Combining mobility and networking opens up new perspectives. performance of technical systems, the potential to increase this Networks have become indispensable elements of our life: The even further is by no means exhausted. Future systems will be Internet has turned the world into a global village, technical sys- characterized by considerably more autonomy, adaptability, flexi- tems, such as vehicles, contain a high figure of connected com- bility, ability to learn and proactive behaviour. This behaviour will ponents, while closely coupled parallel systems allow resolution of no longer be dictated fully by developers, rather will be predeter- the most complex problems. We are currently experiencing a radi- mined by particular behavioural patterns, which will then be cal change toward mobility, with mobile stations emerging in implemented by these intelligent systems as the situation place of location-dependent stations. demands. However, the critical performance explosion can be expected • Autonomy: Intelligent technical systems are not limited to from the linking of networking and mobility. Major driving forces detailed and precise preplanned behaviour. Rather they have emerging from the networking of systems and system users a broad range of behavioural patterns at their disposal, include the ubiquitous availability of global knowledge, the within the framework of which they can act autonomously. potential to impact any remote objects, the ability to develop • Adaptability: The adaptability familiar from the area of con- cooperative all-in solutions and the bundling of performance and trol technology, can be built on considerably with intelligent service. By combining such potential with the aspect of mobility, systems. Thus, adaptation can be performed on the basis of its use is no longer restricted to a fixed workplace, rather is strategic objectives and taking account of the most varied accessible from anywhere, even while moving. On the other hand, environmental data. specific information of a system or user's geographic location can • Flexibility: Intelligent technical systems do not have to be now also be recorded and used selectively (location based solu- pre-tailored for specific tasks. They can offer a variety of tions). Three application scenarios are presented below as exam- capabilities that are only partially required at different ples that connect these two aspects: times. a) Streetcars can use information about their current positions • Ability to learn: Intelligent systems can assess past behav- and the positions of other vehicles within a certain radius to iour based on self-reflection and derive future behavioural cooperate in illuminating the roadway clearly (without daz- patterns from this. Autonomy and adaptability are of course zling) and equally in the dark. prerequisites for this ability to learn. b) Mobile radio stations can use the information about their posi- • Proactive behaviour: If systems can make decisions in terms tions and the positions of other devices to build up and oper- of their future behaviour based on knowledge of past and ate a comprehensive communication network without base present situations as well as environmental factors, such stations (mobile ad hoc networks). The aspect of cooperation systems are referred to as proactive systems. This behaviour also plays a major role in this case. can be made even more efficient if account is also taken of c) Wireless, networked mobile systems comprising notebooks and possible and probable future behaviour of environmental PDAs offer functionalities that come up to the standard of net- factors. worked, location-based computer systems.
SFB 614 and International Graduate School as leading contributions to basic research All of these aspects play a central role for self-optimizing systems. The special new research initiative 614 ”Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures Mechanical Engineering” provides extensive basic research for intelligent technical systems in the future. The lead- ing role played by the HNI in the ”International Graduate School of Dynamic Intelligent Systems” is also part of this. HNI_2003_GB_03_15 26.02.2004 10:28 Uhr Seite 10
10 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2003
This vision is naturally linked with a variety of challenges, intelligence but also about using the machine intelligently. It is including: just as important that human/computer interfaces are adapted to • How should globally accessible information be selectively the sensory and motor capabilities of humans as to their cognitive filtered and enabled for use? abilities. On the one hand, therefore, this involves traditional • How can efficient communication structures be set up interfaces to interactive systems and on the other hand commu- and maintained? nication and cooperative processing functions. • How can remote objects with predictable and controllable With the increasing integration of electronic functions in latency be influenced? devices and products, the wealth of user interfaces they offer is • How can a minimum bandwidth and maximum also expanding. Ergonomic principles and concepts of universal transmission times be guaranteed over communication usability should ensure that in an environment with heteroge- channels (Quality of Service)? neous and mobile devices these devices can be handled uniformly • In terms of mobile use, how can the necessary energy despite different properties and functions. Complex applications supply to the communication devices be guaranteed? such as assistant systems for vehicles and multimedia-based • How can distributed algorithms be implemented over teaching and learning also demand the linking of functionality only partially secure and constantly changing communi- and interaction in a completely new way. cation networks? • How can the position and direction of movement be The quality of use ultimately determines the success of a system determined and predicted precisely in the case of mobile Our goal is to link high technical quality with high user quality. In communication partners? order to acquire the relevant knowledge to do this, theoretical principles are defined and studies carried out on suitability for use SFB 376 and Graduate College as essential contributions to of devices and the everyday suitability of complex technical con- basic research figurations. New innovative solutions are being developed for The Heinz Nixdorf Institute devotes itself to such questions in interaction between humans and machines in order to open up the framework of the Collaborative Research Centres 376 new implementation perspectives (e.g. wearable computing). One ”Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms, Design Methods, of our special strengths in this regard is to combine in practical Applications”, of the ”Graduate College of Automatic Configu- terms the underlying principles, empirical findings and innova- ration in Open Systems” and the ”International Graduate School tions in complex user scenarios. of Dynamic Intelligent Systems”. Participating HNI research groups: Participating HNI research groups: • Computer Integrated Manufacturing (Prof. Gausemeier) • Business Computing, especially CIM (Prof. Dangelmaier) • Computers and Society (Prof. Keil-Slawik) • Mechatronics Laboratory Paderborn – MLaP (Prof. Lückel) • Algorithms and Complexity (Prof. Meyer auf der Heide) • Algorithms and Complexity (Prof. Meyer auf der Heide) • Parallel Computing (Prof. Monien) • Parallel Computing (Prof. Monien) • System and Circuit Technology (Prof. Rückert) • Design of Parallel Systems (Prof. Rammig) • Mechatronics and Dynamics (Prof. Wallaschek) • System and Circuit Technology (Prof. Rückert) • Cognitive Psychology (Prof. Wettler) • Applied Physics/Integrated Optics (Prof. Sohler) • Mechatronics and Dynamics (Prof. Wallaschek) Strategies for the Products of Tomorrow Production is an important area for the future. Human-Machine Interaction Production includes all activities in relation to the development, While the computer may be ubiquitous, the opportunities offered manufacturing and marketing of a product. Production creates by information and communication technology seem only to be jobs and prosperity. Our activities therefore ultimately lead to the constrained by our imagination. An imaginary space is created, question as to how we can stimulate production. which we refer to as Cyberspace, in which people communicate, work together and share experiences. To most people, the access What counts is foresight. This is our destiny to this world seems abstract and not highly intuitive, because Competition is tough in the global village, offering good opportu- looking into Cyberspace from our computer monitors is like look- nities for the hardy. Yet competitive situations are changing con- ing through a keyhole. stantly. What seems like a good opportunity today and is stimu- lating investment, may be obsolete tomorrow. It is no longer ade- Tailoring technologies such as VR, AR and software agents to the quate in the face of such dramatic change to simply solve the abilities of the human being obvious problems of the present; this will not necessarily allow New technologies, such as Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality and the challenges of the future to be tackled. Foresight and a strate- Software Agents offer us fascinating opportunities for overcom- gic approach are called for, i.e. the success potentials of tomorrow ing these deficits. We know that it's not just about the machine's must be recognized early on and exploited in well-timed. We are HNI_2003_GB_03_15 26.02.2004 10:28 Uhr Seite 11
The Research Program 11
predestined to achieve this, because we anticipate the problems of • Systems: IT and communications systems are deployed at tomorrow in our research and develop suitable solutions. this level, which support the well-structured business The services we provide help global players as well as small processes. and medium sized companies. Globally active companies seek out Effectiveness and efficiency are hence twin goals for us. This attractive markets and sites with highly developed production, characterizes us in particular. We apply the toolset described to logistical and supplier structures. Apart from the actual product the three main business processes in a manufacturing company: that is being supplied, the product-related service and the sus- 1) the product development process (product development and tainability of the benefits offered are becoming increasingly manufacturing planning), 2) the manufacturing process (industrial important for small and medium sized companies, who frequently automation) and 3) the order processing process (procurement, want to be active in these structures. production and distribution logistics).
A toolset for future-oriented company management Participating HNI research groups: We offer a comprehensive toolset for designing production for • Business Computing, especially CIM (Prof. Dangelmaier) the future. This approach covers four levels, which are generally • Computer Integrated Manufacturing (Prof. Gausemeier) worked through from top to bottom. • System and Circuit Technology (Prof. Rückert) • Foresight (scenario): At this level, we anticipate • Mechatronics and Dynamics (Prof. Wallaschek) developments in markets and technologies in order to recognize opportunities but also threats to established business early on. • Strategies: At this level, we develop business, product and technology strategies in order to exploit these recognized opportunities well-timed. • Processes: We design business processes at this level according to the motto ”structure follows strategy” so that the strategy can be implemented.
•Product-, • Process- and • Behavioural- Innovations in Practise
Structure of the Research Program of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute Source: Olaf Schmidt HNI_2003_GB_03_15 26.02.2004 10:28 Uhr Seite 12
12 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2003
Distinguished Research at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute
”Collaborative Research Centres are long standing research institutions in universities in which scientists work together in the framework of interdisciplinary research programs. […] Collaborative Research Centres allow demanding, complex and long-term research projects to be han- dled by concentrating and coordinating the skills available in a univer- sity.” (translated from the original German: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: Annual Report 2001, page 110).
This characterization of Collaborative Research Centres (Sonderfor- schungsbereiche, SFBs) formulated by the Deutsche Forschungsge- meinschaft coincides with the assertion by the Heinz Nixdorf Institute to contribute to solving complex tasks through the interaction of computer scientists, engineers and economists. Consequently, the two special research initiatives of our university – SFB 376 ”Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms, Design Methods and Applications” (since 1995) and SFB 614 ”Self-Optimizing Mechani- cal Engineering Systems” (since 2002) – have emerged under the responsibility and leading involvement of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. Some 100 scientists are involved, with over 40 of these financed by the DFG. Both Collaborative Research Centres strongly characterize the basic research and are an expression of the excellence of the research carried out by the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. HNI_2003_GB_03_15 26.02.2004 10:29 Uhr Seite 13
Distinguished Research at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute 13
SFB 376 ”Massively Parallel Computing: SFB 614 ”Self-Optimizing Concepts and Algorithms, Design Methods and Applications” Structures in Mechanical Engineering” Director: Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide Director: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier
Networks have become an indispensable part of our world, for Considerable success potential is opening up thanks to the example as high-performance computers, as communication and increasing penetration of mechanical engineering with informa- information systems, or as planning and control components for tion technology. This is aptly expressed by the term mechatronics, transport and production systems. The ever-increasing complexity by which is meant the close interaction of mechanics, electronics, of such systems constantly presents new challenges for computer control engineering and software engineering. Mechatronics is scientists and engineers. mechanical engineering in its modern sense. SFB 376 began working in 1995 with the aim of developing Future mechanical engineering systems will comprise configu- methods and techniques for exploiting the computational capa- rations of system elements with an inherent partial intelligence. bilities of parallel processor networks and for demonstrating the The communication and cooperation between intelligent system performance of the algorithmic solutions and the design methods elements characterize the behaviour of the overall system. produced for embedded, distributed (technical) systems on the According to our understanding and from the perspective of basis of a variety of applications. Since then, the SFB has made information technology, this involves distributed systems of coop- essential contributions to this topic area and acquired interna- erating agents. Fascinating opportunities are hence beginning to tional reputation. In addition, it takes account of the rapidly open up for designing mechanical engineering products of the growing importance of networks as communication and informa- future. The term self-optimization characterizes these perspec- tion systems as mentioned above. Apart from the aspect of paral- tives: lel high-performance computers, research has therefore begun to Self-optimization allows manageable systems with inherent focus increasingly on areas such as usability of heterogeneous intelligence, which are capable of responding independently and dynamic networks, for example mobile, wireless communication flexibly to changing environmental factors. networks consisting of notebooks or mobile phones. The realization of the vision of mechanical engineering pro- The research program is subdivided into the project areas ducts with inherent partial intelligence demands tools for design- Algorithms, Design Methods and Applications. The algorithmic ori- ing self-optimizing systems. This is the decisive driving force for entation contributes to particularly efficient, i.e. runtime-optimiz- multiplying the resulting products, because it is only through a ing solutions. Design techniques for embedded real-time systems well documented, proven toolset that others are enabled to suc- and for specialized hardware are being developed in method- cessfully develop self-optimizing systems. based areas. Both the algorithmic and methodological work is evaluated in applications. We therefore consciously selected appli- The following primary goals and research programs have emerged cations that present challenges for our methods and techniques. from this overriding objective: After the positive review, the SFB 376 will start in the last • Principles and potential of self-optimization. Scientific 3-years-long funding period. penetration and engineering-related preparation of the active paradigm of self-optimization. http://www.upb.de/sfb376/index.html • Design methods and tools. Creation of methodological and instrumental prerequisites for developing innovative systems that are based on the active paradigm of self-opti- mization. • Implementation methods. Implementation of self-optimiza- tion at hardware, system software and control software level. • Self-optimizing products and systems. Design and prototype implementation of components, products and systems in order to validate the elaborated toolset and to give visible impetus to the topic of product innovation. The ”Neue Bahntechnik Paderborn” (New RailCab) project offers an efficient research infrastructure as a demonstration area for the planned basic research work.
http://www.sfb614.de HNI_2003_GB_03_15 26.02.2004 10:29 Uhr Seite 14
14 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2003
Heinz Nixdorf In Graduiertenkol Int. Graduate School: http Notebook University: h
Commitment to support young Researcher
The Heinz Nixdorf Institute is intensively committed to the train- Graduate College ing and education of students and graduate students studying for The Heinz Nixdorf Institute has been operating graduate colleges their doctorates with the aim of giving them the start they need since 1992 with the aim of offering a learn- and research am- to shape the future. A very special feature of the Heinz Nixdorf biance to graduators, which will allow them a graduation within Institute is the close interaction between information science, a period of two to three years. After first graduate college ”Parallel natural science, engineering science and economics as well as Computer Networks in Production Technology” under the man- aspects of social and cultural sciences. This interaction takes place agement of Prof. Dr. Meyer auf der Heide finished in 2001 after within the framework of more than 150 assistant and doctorate nine years' sponsorship by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft positions in the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. Our dedication to pro- (DFG), the second graduate college ”Automatic Configuration in moting a new generation is expressed in particular in the two Open Systems“ startet its work after a successful application at graduate colleges, the leading involvement of the Heinz Nixdorf the DFG. Institute in the first International Graduate School at the Univer- It is run under the management of Prof. Dr. Rückert and is sity of Paderborn as well as in our commitment to developing sponsored by the Heinz Nixdorf Institute itself as well as by DFG. innovative services for improving the training infrastructure. The plan is for up to 15 scholarship holders to work closely with the two existing Collaborative Research Centres at the Heinz Nix- dorf Institute in the framework of the second college, i.e. SFB 376 ”Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms, Design Methods, Appli- cations” and SFB 614 ”Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures of Mechanical Engineering”. The interdisciplinary work in the college together with the technical specialization of the individual faculties offer graduates a considerable advantage and significantly increase the quality of the scientific work. HNI_2003_GB_03_15 26.02.2004 10:29 Uhr Seite 15
Commitment to support young Researcher 15
Institut: http://wwwhni.upb.de/ lleg: http://wwwhni.upb.de/gk/ tp://www.upb.de/graduateschool/ http://hrz.upb.de/uni-mobilis/
International Graduate School Notebook University The International Graduate School ”Dynamic Intelligent Systems”, Apart from institutional activities, the Heinz Nixdorf Institute in which was founded in autumn 2001, is one of six institutions sup- cooperation with the University of Paderborn supports the change ported by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia to promote top from a configuration-oriented to a service-oriented infrastructure. young specialists in natural sciences areas. Highly qualified gradu- A key aspect of this is the project sponsored in the framework of ates can study strategically for their doctorate within a three-year the promotion and development program ”New Media in Educa- period in the framework of a course of doctorate studies, motivat- tion - Notebook University”, i.e. ”Uni-Mobilis: Mobile use of infra- ed by intensive support. In the framework of this NRW program, structures to promote learning through the setting up of a consis- the International Graduate School ”Dynamic Intelligent Systems” tent service infrastructure” under the project management of is the only institution involved in the area of application-oriented Prof. Dr. Keil-Slawik. The project focuses on the comprehensive IT. An interdisciplinary approach, internationality and excellence and consistent use of digital media with the aim of achieving a are the trademarks of the institution, managed scientifically by new level of quality in training. This combination of quality Prof. Dr. Schäfer. The International Graduate School makes a sig- improvement and rationalization demands the setting up of a ser- nificant contribution to the development of the OWL region and vice infrastructure, which in a sense is uncharted territory for the Paderborn as a scientific site. University of Paderborn, but on the other hand allows it to con- Research at the English-speaking institution focuses on the solidate its existing commitment to being a ”University of the enhanced development of dynamically linked systems. Such sys- Information Society” and elevates it to a new level of develop- tems are characterized by the replacement or modification of ment. software and hardware during their operational phase, which Overall, the four application areas of economics, mechanical poses many unresolved problems in terms of reliable implementa- engineering, chemistry and chemical engineering, as well as tion. They are supposed to be solved within the research projects mathematics and information science are involved in the wide- at the International Graduate School. Eight professors from the scale implementation. Heinz Nixdorf Institute and another eight professors from the University of Paderborn currently coach 36 students from 13 countries. On completion of the setup phase at the end of 2004, some 50 students will be enrolled at the Graduate School to do their doctorate. Within the International Graduate Program (IPP) of the DAAD and DFG, the International Graduate School has been supported a center of scientific excellence since 2002; for the first time in 2003, external funds received from industry.
Heinz Nixdorf Institut: http://wwwhni.upb.de/ Graduiertenkolleg: http://wwwhni.upb.de/gk/ Int. Graduate School: http://www.upb.de/graduateschool/ Notebook University: http://hrz.upb.de/uni-mobilis/ HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:33 Uhr Seite 16
16 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2003 HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:33 Uhr Seite 17
Workgroup Portraits 17 Workgroup WorkgroupPortraits Portraits
HNI Workgroups
Business Computing, especially CIM Producing Economically in Germany Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Recognizing and Exploiting Success Potentials of Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier
Computers and Society Creating Basic Knowledge for Strategic Planning of ICT Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil-Slawik
Algorithms and Complexity High Performance = Innovative Computer Systems + Efficient Algorithms Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide
Design of Distributed Embedded Systems Controlling Distributed Embedded Systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig
System and Circuit Technology Microelectronics – Key Technology and Challenge Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert
Mechatronics and Dynamics With Creativity to Innovation Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallaschek
Mechatronics Laboratory Paderborn Mechatronics in Trend-Setting Applications Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Lückel
Parallel Computing Reaching new magnitudes through the efficient use of parallel and distributed systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien
Applied Physics/Integrated Optics Integrated Optics in Lithium Niobate Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler
Philosophy of Science Reflection on Science Associated and Technology and Technology Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus Workgroups
Cognitive Psychology Thinking and Language Prof. Dr. phil. hist. Manfred Wettler
HNI Computer Operation More than just Basic Services Dipl.-Ing. Christopher Odenbach HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:33 Uhr Seite 18
18 Workgroup
BusinessBusiness Computing Computing, , especiallyespecially CIM CIM
Customer A
Manufacturing Level II
Customer B Inventory Supplier I
Inventory Manufacturing Manufacturing Inventory Customer C Level I Level I Manufacturing I Inventory Supplier II
Capacity
Inventory Supplier III
Customer D
Inventory Supplier IV
Customer E Producing Economically in Germany Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier Enterprises will still produce in Germany tomorrow, if pro- duction, procurement and selling processes meet highest demands for effectiveness and efficiency. This development comprises the increase in product quality as well as ever shorter delivery and turn-around times. In this connection it is necessary to develop innovative procedures which enable enterprises to advance to a status possible today.
http://wwwhni.upb.de/cim/ HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:33 Uhr Seite 19
Business Computing, especially CIM 19
Guaranteeing the Competitive Our teachings pursue the objective to show Position for Tomorrow too the student coherences between goods and Our objective: Strengthening and guaran- procurement markets, the structure and teeing the competitive position of an enter- workflow of an organization, between prod- prise on a long-term basis. Therefore, the uct and production forms as well as the specialized group deals with all technical- principles of thinking in a system and the economic problems arising during the realization of an innovative solution in the design of customer-producer-supplier net- fields of information technology. works and the realization of company- internal and inter-company production and logistics processes, which can be brought to a solution by means of an innovative infor- mation technology. Our thinking is process-oriented, i.e. ori- entation by the work production process. Dagelmaier, W.; Warnecke, H.-J.: The analysis of weak points, the testing of Fertigungslenkung. Planung und Steuerung Busch, A., Dangelmaier, des Ablaufs der diskreten Fertigung. solution approaches, the optimization of W., Pape, U., Rüther, Berlin: Springer 1997. separate processes, workflows and networks M., W.: Marktspiegel can be managed with the help of our tools, Supply Chain beginning with the conception of a work Management Systeme. production network up to the implementa- Wiesbaden: tion of a logistics control system or an e- Gabler 2003. Commerce solution. Especially for this rea- son our work was honoured with the Ger- man science prize for logistics. We develop solutions offering decisive competitive advantages: More efficient working processes reduce costs and at the same time bring higher benefit for the customer. We are a solution Helmke, S.; provider as well as a supplier of technology. Dangelmaier, W.: Dangelmaier, W.: Fertigungsplanung. Our partners are in particular the industry Markspiegel Customer Planung von Aufbau und Ablauf der as well as service and logistics enterprises. Relationship Fertigung – Grundlagen, Algorithmen und Beispiele. 2. Auflage. Against this background we are working on Management. Wiesbaden: Berlin: Springer 2001. the following focal points of research Gabler 2001.
• supply chain management – optimization of company-internal and inter-company supply chains • customer & sales management – concepts and systems for customer-oriented enter- prises • logistics for production and services – consultation and solutions for the opti- Dangelmaier, W., mization of industrial business processes Gajewski, T., Kösters, C.: Innovationen im E-Business, Paderborn: ALB-HNI-Verlags- schriftreihe 2003. Dangelmaier, W.: Produktion und Information, System und Modell. Berlin: Springer 2003. HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:33 Uhr Seite 20
20 Workgroup
Uni-Mobilis – Change Management within the administration of university
The key note of Uni-Mobilis is the area- New concepts for the examination wide and continuous utilization of digital offices service-infrastructures with the objective to The sub-project GPO focussed on the struc- obtain new qualities in teachings, studies, tures and processes of the examination and administration as well as to facilitate offices offering a multitude of services for the handling of the daily main processes for almost 14,000 students at the University of every person being involved in the develop- Paderborn. The number of exams has risen ment, the supply, and the utilization of digi- extremely because of the introduction of tal media. These measures are accompanied the CPS-studies. New legal requirements of by faculty-based concepts for utilization the documentation of examination perfor- and change management throughout uni- mance and of the ability of the university to versity enabling the university to organize provide information in all programs of stud- the upcoming change processes effectively. ies lead to a further increase in activities of The structures of teachings, research, and the examination offices. These additional administration are to be reviewed and activities would not be economically accep- potential changes of the strategic objectives table with regard to the perpetuation of the are to be derived. The project “change man- actual processes. The purpose of the project agement” comprises the development of an GPO was the development of new concepts IT-strategy throughout university, the for the future examination offices. The analysis of actual and target state, the issue complex processing of the examination reg- of a requirements specification, and finally istrations and cancellations can be omitted the creation of a catalogue of measures for to a certain extent, if the students are will- the successful establishment of the pro- ing to evince their interest in registration posed solutions. Furthermore pr-concepts for examinations e.g. via the internet. For were presented and a plan for the integra- that purpose a reference process has been tion of sub-functionalities was developed. developed. Besides, possible incentives have been pointed out for the students to be motivated in order to give a statement about their interest in examinations. There- fore, reliable registration numbers can be obtained for the planning of examinations. Furthermore, approaches have been devel- oped in order to reduce the number of incorrect registrations.
Contact: Dipl.-Wirt. Inf. Jörn Szegunis Email : [email protected] Phone : +49 (0) 5251|60 64 25 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82
Dipl.-Ing. Hagen Lessing Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 69 12 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82
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Customized Decision Support System (cDSS) for the Optimization of Transport Chains
Initial situation Solution A transport between two points A and B A configurable decision support system was does not have to be made necessarily by developed and implemented for a multina- only one single means of transportation. In tional corporation. This system treats the the same way transports can be combined problem of minimizing the transportation with truck, railway, ship or airplane. Fur- costs on various levels. thermore, such intermodal transports can cDSS consists of two basic modules: be offered by various service providers with the operational and the strategic module. different cost structures. If necessary those Stating the parameters and restrictions, the transport services are split or allocated sev- acceptable transport chains can be extract- eral times. This leads to a multitude of pos- ed from the multitude of possibilities. Sub- sible transport chains. The most economic sequently the transportation costs of these transport chain is to be used under the chains are calculated and the most favour- terms of the sectoral parameters and able transport chain is identified. Thus, the restrictions whereas it is irrelevant whether booker is assisted in the selection and awar- the supplier or the customer assume ding transports. responsibility. On the one hand this applies In the preliminary stages of the logistic to the selection in the operational business procurement the strategic module can and on the other hand to the strategic develop a transport scenario, taking the direction in the preliminary stages of logis- future transport rate into account. Various tic procurement. This is to be supported by scenarios can be developed by varying the appropriate forecast and simulation/opti- parameters. When comparing and evaluat- mization methods. The companywide uti- ing these scenarios, optimization potential lization for the decision support is in the can be revealed. In addition to that, the focus of attention in the operational busi- strategic module can generate a theoretic ness. optimum of transport costs with the real- ized transports. cDSS assists the booker when selecting the combination of the transport chain members at optimal cost and also the logis- tic procurement in the strategic selection of the service partners.
Contact: Dipl. Wirt.-Ing. Daniel Kaschula Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 61 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82
Dipl. Wirt.-Ing. Jens Heidenreich Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 99 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82
Problem: the plurality of possible transport chains prevents transparency of costs http://wwwhni.upb.de/cim HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:33 Uhr Seite 22
22 Workgroup
Resource-efficient Planning of Energy Services
The research project EDISon – intel- of energy parks is made possible in consid- ligent energy distribution networks eration of an increasing, decentralized ener- by the use of innovative decentral- gy generation. Beforehand, the data neces- ized generation, storage, informa- sary for the evaluation was collected. The tion, and communication systems data includes fixed and variable costs, the New electric power supply concepts being average usage of resources and emissions of discussed because of the sustainability the- common and decentralized energy supply ory, environmental and climate-political components. general conditions, and because of the lim- The simulation of alternative supply sce- ited fossil energy sources have led to a narios offers a solution approach for a change of the national power supply struc- resource-efficient planning of energy ser- ture. The objective to increase the number vices. Those consist of a variation of pro- of decentralized energy supply plants repre- duction facilities based on the forecasted sents the main requirement in this connec- future energy requirements in a considered tion. Economic incentives are necessary in supply area. The supply plants are evaluated order to enable the network operators and with regard to the direct costs and the the energy supply companies to integrate expenses for the internalizing of externali- cost-effectively energy generation plants in ties. In this way an optimized strategic their energy parks. energy mix of an energy supply company One part of the project aims at a can be found and realized. The operating method by which various operating energy company itself has the possibility to focus supply plants in a production portfolio of the simulation on the subject of environ- an energy supply company can be simulat- ment or costs. In reference to the input a ed in terms of the resulting development of suggestion is given to the decision maker, costs, the usage of resources, and emission so that he knows which plants can produce impact. In this way an economic operating the primary energy requirements.
Contact: Dipl. Wirt.-Ing. Christian Kösters Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 79 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82
Dipl. Wirt.-Ing. Andreas Emmrich Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 54 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82 Structure und proportion within the power supply concept (example) HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:33 Uhr Seite 23
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Supplier Management as a Competitive Advantage
In many companies the supplier’s By means of a permanent visualization, performance determines the perfor- transparency concerning the measures mance of the own company to an already realized and the resulting effects of increasing degree due to the de- success is achieved for the ultimate con- creasing vertical range of the manu- sumer. The intensive cooperation of the facturing process. Therefore, a suc- supplier is necessary in order to increase cessful supplier management quality. The cost-effective integration of evolves more and more into the the suppliers is facilitated by the visualiza- vital competitive advantage. tion of the ratings via a web-application. In this connection supplier quality rating The supplier can see his rating at any time systems represent the basis for the provi- and consequently he can find out whether sion of transparency regarding the perfor- his performance level is about to drop mance of the supplier. The conception of a down. He can respond proactively to his supplier management system was based on rating without time lag. the results of the project CoagenS. In the The rating of the supplier is based on an course of this project a supply chain man- aggregated view to supplier-specific data agement system based on a multi-agents which can be collected automatically system redesigning the process of procure- monthly and per plant by the ERP-systems. ment between consumer and supplier was For example ppm-figures, number of defec- developed. In addition to the supplier rat- tive incoming goods or delivery quantities ing the system includes a model for the facilitate conclusions about the overall per- escalation management supporting a con- formance of the supplier. Via a classifica- sequential and sustainable realization of tion a supplier for whom escalation mea- optimization measures based on the rating sures are to be taken can be identified easi- results. The development of the escalation ly. In addition to the rating data, certifica- process with detailed workflows can be tion data and the addresses of the suppliers organized individually in regard to the situ- are available in the system. Therefore a ation of procurement. Possible escalation quick communication with the supplier is levels, which can be initiated by the suppli- possible. ers when a certain performance level is not achieved, are e.g. reminders, discussions with suppliers or special auditings.
Contact: Dipl. Inf. Ulrich Pape Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 54 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82
Dipl. Wirt.-Ing. Michael Rüther Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 25 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82
Different views of the visualisation tool for the supplier rating http://wwwhni.upb.de/cim HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:33 Uhr Seite 24
24 Workgroup Computer Integrated Computer ManufacturingIntegrated Manufacturing
Recognizing and Exploiting Success Potentials of Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier Product and production process innovations are important lever for ensuring prosperity and employment in the future. Mechanical engineering and related areas, such as automo- tive industry, are playing a key role today. These sectors like- wise demonstrate the relevant success potentials in the future. It is essential therefore to recognize these potentials early and to exploit them in time.
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Creating Products Today for the UNITY AG and its subsidiaries myview market of Tomorrow technologies and SDG are the first point of Information has become the fourth large contact when it comes to implementing factor of production. The wide-scale use of these services in practice. More than 130 information and communication technology employees will be only too pleased to assist not only leads to increases in productivity you (http://www.unity.de). but also to the creation of new products The aim of our educational courses is to and new markets. give our students a comprehensive overview Our general goal is increase competi- of modern industrial companies, to high- tiveness of industrial companies in the light the success potentials of the future information age. With this in mind, we and to illustrate ways of achieving these. develop methods and procedures on the Our students get the competences on Szenario-Management – A handbook for basis of a four-level structure. which it depend tomorrow at the industry. creating scenarios and their implementation in the management; Carl Hanser Verlag 1996 • Scenario level: At this level we antici- pate developments in markets and tech- nologies in order to recognize opportuni- ties early on. • Strategy level: At this level we devel- op business, product and technology strategies in order to get the course of the company success of tomorrow. • Process level: This level involves the design of processes of services. In the foreground is the process from the pro- duct idea to the successful product launch. Therefore we offer a wide sys- tematic for the development and the manufacturing process planning for Produktinnovation – A handbook for the strategic Führung im Wandel – A handbook for designing planning and development of products of tomorrow; production processes of tomorrow; Carl Hanser mechatronic products. Carl Hanser Verlag 2001 Verlag 1999 • System level: IT systems are deployed at this level. These systems allow an effi- cient innovation management (product- and production data management) as well as the analysis and simulation of product features and production processes (virtual prototyping, virtual production).
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26 Workgroup
Strategic Product Planning Intensification of strategic knowhow in engineering enterprises. A research project of the BMBF in the context of the program “Research for Manufacturing in the Future”
The Product Innovation Challenge • Market Penetration: How can existing In turbulent times it is more important than markets be worked successfully? ever having the right product on the right • Market Innovation: How can new markets market at the right time. Strategic product be entered? planning can make a contribution to this • Product Innovation: What new products situation. It includes the following tasks: are required? Foresight: The aim of foresight is to rec- • Market and Product Innovation: How can ognize future success potential and to iden- existing competencies be used? tify the appropriate need for action. • Technology Innovation: How can exist- Product Discovering: Based on the ing manufacturing technologies be sub- potentials identified, new product and ser- stituted? vice ideas have to be found and chosen. • Diversification: Does the company’s future Business Planning: This involves devel- lie in completely new business fields oping business and product strategies. These which will also require new production strategies have to be able to answer ques- technologies? tions about the product range, the number of variants, technologies used etc. The aim A strategic product planning model was is to investigate whether an attractive elaborated to class in the innovation cube return on investment can be achieved with and to determine the most suitable strate- Tasks of strategic product planning the new product idea. gic line of attack. This model consists of Conceptual Design: A so-called princi- three main steps: ple solution, a well-founded technical con- 1. Brief strategic analysis: It starts with an ception of the planned product is devel- analysis of the initial situation. The result is oped. This frequently requires a close inter- a strategic line of attack. action of mechanics, electronics, control 2. Determination of a generic manual: Each technology and software engineering. strategic line of attack is assigned to a generic manual. This consists of a fixed Model of Strategic Product Planning order of process steps which in turn are Empirical studies have shown that for small assigned to multiple alternative methods. and medium companies, strategic product 3. Customization of the generic manual: planning can be reduced to six different This provides information on selecting the strategic lines of attack. These can be char- methods relevant to the company for each acterised by the dimensions market, product process step. The result after selecting the and technology and fit in with the so-called methods is a company-specific manual. Project partners: innovation cube: Prof. Schuh, RWTH Aachen/FhG IPT Further information can be found at Prof. Lindemann, TU München LEWA Herbert Ott GmbH & Co. www.spp-projekt.de. HASSIA Verpackungsmaschinen GmbH Sterling Industry Consult GmbH UNITY AG VDMA Wittenstein AG Walter Voss Fluidtechnik GmbH WOMA Apparatebau GmbH
Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Timo Berger Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Lars Orlik Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Arnt Vienenkötter
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 60 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68
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Strategic Product Planning The practical project: The path to the products for the markets of tomorrow
Initial situation and objective Concretion: The selected ideas are The market of today is characterized by described in detail using information col- increasing performance and innovation. lected from market research, workshops Nowhere is this more true than in relation with lead customers, implementation stud- to mechanical engineering. In order to com- ies and function concepts. pete and succeed, mechanical engineering Decision-making: The concrete ideas are companies need to develop more strategic evaluated using a benefit value analysis expertise, i.e. detecting and tapping into the with economic and technical criteria and success potential of tomorrow today. The put in order. A final decision is made on objective of the project was to identify new, which ideas are to be implemented. promising business fields for a medium- Specification: The approved business sized manufacturer of drive technology. A ideas are described in detail in so-called further objective was to teach this company ‘business field specifications’; a business how to implement this procedure for itself plan is created for each idea. for the future. Tapping into future potential Procedure This procedure set in motion some promis- The first item on the agenda was to stream- ing development projects. A company-spe- line the product offering, i.e. remove the cific manual was produced to assist in the inferior products, in order to free up long-term implementation of this proce- resources for the new tasks. This was dure and to ensure that the company can twinned with a process which is best repeat this procedure for tapping into inno- described using the metaphor of a funnel: vation potential. Creation: As many new ideas as possible are put on the table. This involves taking existing ideas one step further through the use of creativity techniques and identifying new ideas. Documentation: The ideas are systemat- ically documented. Selection: The documented ideas are evaluated and reduced using opportunity/risk analyses. This is done on Innovative drive technology: Motor with the basis of initial evaluations. integrated frequency converter
Project partners: Hanning Elektro-Werke UNITY AG
Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Timo Berger Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 64 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68
The idea funnel - Idea management for new business fields http://wwwhni.ubp.de/rip HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:34 Uhr Seite 28
28 Workgroup
Intelligent Mechatronic Systems Two sub-projects of SFB 614 “Self-optimizing concepts and structures in mechanical engineering”
Self-optimizing systems Active principles of self-optimization Future systems in the area of mechanical The design methodology for self-optimizing engineering will consist of configurations of systems requires research into active princi- intelligent system elements (here also ples in the context of self-optimization. The referred to as “solution elements”). The active principle in traditional design theory communication and co-operation between refers to the interrelation of the physical intelligent system elements characterize the effect as well as shape and material fea- behavior of the complete system. This is tures (Pahl/Beitz). The solution-driven mod- reflected in the term “self-optimization”: elling of self-optimizing system behaviors Self-optimization facilitates systems with also necessitates access to behavior-deter- inherent “intelligence” which are able to mining data in the form of behavior tem- respond independently and flexibly to plates. Access to knowledge bases of active changing environmental conditions“. principles allows the system element to adapt experience gained in the past to the Design methodology current situation, to use them accordingly The strong adaptivity and high proportion and to learn from the results. Thus a shut- Development resource for self-optimizing systems of software in self-optimizing systems calls tle, for example, accesses behavior tem- for new approaches to design methodology. plates which control the passage order from A comprehensive development environment a shunt through communication and nego- is being created in the Design Methodology tiation with the other shuttles and the subproject of SFB 614. This environment shunt control. Once the passage is com- covers five main areas (see figure left). The plete, the shuttle evaluates its behavior and objective is to support the developers by in this way learns to optimize itself for providing a resource of tried-and-tested future shunt passages. development processes, customized devel- opment methods and specification tech- niques. This resource, in combination with appropriate development tools, is imple- mented as a development environment. Active principles and solution elements for self-optimizing systems are provided by a knowledge basis. A resource of this type is extremely useful in spreading the lessons learned in SFB and allowing third parties to successfully develop selfoptimizing systems. Sponsored by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)
Project partners: Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Schäfer University of Paderborn
Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Andreas Schmidt Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Daniel Steffen
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 62 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68
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Virtual Prototyping An SFB 614 sub-project – “Self-optimizing mechanical engineering systems”
Initial situation and objective 2. Analyzing the movement behavior Self-optimizing mechanical engineering The developer can analyze kinematic and systems are based on the combined effect basic dynamic behavior in real time by of solution elements. These solution ele- working interactively with the basic ments encapsulate engineering expertise mechanical system and assigning defined which allows proven solutions to be reused stimuli. for new design tasks. The extreme complexi- 3. Designing the closed-loop control ty of the combined effect of all components The objective here is controlled movement – particularly with regard to information behavior for the overall system. The engi- processing – can easily exceed the imagina- neer can design the close-loop control in a tion of the development engineer. The need 2D display using the usual block diagrams. to get through as many future behavior The behavior of the controlled system can patterns of the self-optimizing system as be simulated, evaluated and optimized in efficiently as possible demands new tools real time thanks to the close integration of for virtual prototyping. the development system. An interaction The objective of this SFB 614 sub-pro- environment is established as an aid to this ject is to develop a new technique for process. This interaction environment con- designing and analyzing self-optimizing sists of two components: Stereo projection systems. Virtual reality, in combination • A workbench with a flat screen and Touchscreen workbench with new interaction and visualization touchscreen functionality for displaying metaphors, should assist in the intuitive 2D information such as function graphs. combination of structured solution ele- • A 3D stereo projection wall in combina- ments into complex active structures. The tion with data glove and infrared tracking structure, function and behavior views are system for the interactive assembly and integrated in the design space. Central, visualization of the simulated system. projector tilted mirror however, is the simulation-based analysis of the active connections on the basis of the Software systems used Integrated design and analysis environment with exchange of material, energy and informa- • MATLAB / SIMULINK (Mathworks) 2D workbench and 3D stereo projection tion. Such a tool should be indispensable in • Vortex (CM-Labs) promoting the acceptance of the tech- • OpenSceneGraph (Open Source) niques developed in the SFB for designing self-optimizing networked mechatronic sys- tems.
Support for solution element-based design Sponsored by The first phase of the project involves the the Deutsche creation of a design and analysis environ- Forschungsgemeinschaft ment which supports the engineer in the (German Research Foundation) following development steps:
1. Designing the basic mechanical Stimulus Project partners: Dr. rer. nat. W. Müller, system Suspension strut Heinz Nixdorf Institute, The developer produces a solution alterna- University of Paderborn tive by combining solution elements select- ed from catalog. Hydraulic components Control arm Control unit Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Jochen Bauch Dipl.-Ing. Rafael Radkowski
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 28 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68
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Integration of Mechanics and Electronics Molded Interconnect Devices (MID) and development methodology
Case study: Opportunities and limits The main finding of the case study can in the use of MID technology be summarized as follows: the MID field is Companies developing new products are an attractive one for the future with very faced with the challenge of reconciling good prospects for a good economic return. increasing demand for complexity and functionality and increasing cost pressure. Development methodology: INERELA The use of innovative technologies seems to The marriage of electronic and mechanical be an important tool in meeting this chal- functions is demanding in terms of devel- lenge. MID technologies offer a number of opment and production. This is why the promising opportunities. This case study Bundesministerium für Bildung und provides a systematic overview of the cur- Forschung (Federal Ministry for Develop- rent state of the art in research and practi- ment and Research) is sponsoring a joint cal application and describes the prospects project, INERELA (integrative development for this technology. of spatial electronic devices), to come up MID components are injection-molded with a development environment. This parts which fulfill mechanical and electron- development environment includes a devel- ic functions. They have spatial structures for opment systematic, a specification tech- carrying current, mounting electronic com- nique and a knowledge base. The develop- Telecommunication socket from Ackermann ponents and integrating mechanical com- ment systematic structures the develop- ponents. MID components have a number ment process and serves as a guide for the of advantages over planar printed circuit implementation of concrete development boards including a more compact design, projects. The specification technique can be fewer parts and superior ecological sound- used to model holistic and integrated prin- ness. ciple solutions for the module. The knowl- This case study answers the following edge base provides the engineers involved questions: with information on active principles, solu- • What is the current state of the art? tion elements and production methods for • What technologies will be available in the electronic components. year 2007? • What fields of application will exist in the year 2007? • What do we need to do to exploit these opportunities?
Customers Research Association Molded Interconnect Devices 3-D MID e.V. BMBF: General program “Research for Manufacturing in the Future“
Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Volker Binger Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Jan Stefan Michels Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Thomas Peitz
Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 61 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68
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AR/VR in Production Engineering VR/AR-supported engineering and simulation of complex production systems
Problem and solution AR allows an “on-the-spot” verification The conditions under which companies of abstract simulation models in produc- operate are becoming more and more diffi- tion: the simulation model of the real sys- cult: product life cycles are becoming short- tem is superimposed onto the real system in er while the products themselves are the engineer’s display unit. This means that becoming more complex. Tough competi- errors can be immediately detected and rec- tion is forcing companies to respond quickly tified. Virtual reality permits the graphical, to changes in the market; a major indicator interactive 3D-presentation of the engi- of business success is how efficiently a neering status to teams and groups. For this company can adapt its manufacturing purpose a new 3D-rendering method which processes to new conditions. facilitates the interactive visualization of Creation of simulation models on a real produc- Vital assistance is provided by methods highly complex 3D-models with hundreds tion line using AR and software tools for discrete simulation of millions of polygons has been developed. and interactive 3D-visualization of manu- These models are generated largely auto- facturing and assembly systems at the engi- matically from internal 3D-CAD models. The neering stage. However the lack of integra- system can run on networked, stationary or tion of the methods and tools and their mobile PC clients, which means that it can complexity of operation is still a problem. also be used on factory floors or in engi- neering offices. Objective and benefits The integrated use of VR/AR simplifies The objective of the project is the develop- and accelerates the use of simulation tech- ment of an integrated engineering system nology in engineering of manufacturing to support the discrete simulation of com- systems. This leads to greater use of simula- plex manufacturing systems through the tion tools in the engineering process and use of virtual and augmented reality sustainable improvements in engineering (VR/AR) technologies. quality.
Simulation results are displayed on a mobile terminal with the help of AR technology
Project partners: FASTEC GmbH Festo Didactic GmbH & Co Siemens AG UNITY AG Volkswagen AG
Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Michael Grafe Dipl.-Inform. Carsten Matysczok
Email: [email protected] Email: carsten.matysczok @hni.upb.de Phone: +49 (0) 5251/60 62 26 Fax: +49 (0) 5251/60 62 68
Applications for VR/AR within the simulation of manufacturing systems http://wwwhni.ubp.de/rip HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:34 Uhr Seite 32
32 Workgroup Computers and Computers and SocietySociety
Cooperation – Design – Networking Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil-Slawik Today, pervasive use of IT has reached all areas of life. Continuous access to digital media at every workplace and at home is almost given. Now, a new dimension of use opens up in which mobile devices, networks and net-based services can be utilized cooperatively to explore yet unknown syner- gies. The research field Mediatronic proves to be a key field for IT development in the future.
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Computers and Society 33
In the previous annual report we focused on Finally, many years of research on the system sTeam which helps people to set the role of Computers and Society for everyday viability of learning supportive up virtual knowledge spaces and to strategic IT-planning. Meanwhile, projects infrastructures could be drawn together and establish virtual learning communities. and research initiatives could be successfully rounded up in a book, which was published On the technical side, Professor finished or are close to an end as is the in the HNI Verlagsschriftenreihe – the title: Thorsten Hampel continued with a team Notebook University project, for instance. “Installationshandbuch für lernförderliche of developers to extend the sTeam sys- Nevertheless, research efforts continue to Infrastrukturen” (Installation Guide for tem and to adapt it to different needs explore the mutual relation between infor- Learning Supportive Infrastructures) indi- and settings of future users. sTeam has mation technology and society to study the cates the aim to help people and organiza- become a central building block of the mutual relationship between IT and its usage tions to set up sustainable learning environ- interactive course management system context and therefore to unveil the conse- ments. It provides practical guidance, gives which is currently built up by the Note- quences for computer science. Basic knowl- an overview of costs and prices and com- book University project. These various edge about such relations is required for pares alternative ways of setting up differ- developments and settings gave us a designing dp-systems, because the ever ent infrastructures. In addition, it contains profound basis for further advancement growing connection between formerly inde- an introductory part providing the reader of cooperative systems and also allowed pendent systems and subsystems through with some basics knowledge and theoretical us to shape and to apply our expertise in computer networks requires more knowl- assumptions about the interplay of cogni- the area of Software Ergonomics. Funded edge about the context of these systems. As tion and technology. This work was support- by a grant from the Federal Ministry of a consequence, such knowledge is manda- ed by a grant from the Federal Ministry of Science and Research, this knowledge is tory for educating computer scientists. Science and Education. currently implemented in a multimedia Based on these qualifications Prof. Keil- More important than the publication of learning environment entitled “Commu- Slawik was asked by the Ministry of Science individual research results was that the gen- nication Ergonomics”. This work is part of and Research of North-Rhine Westphalia to eral paradigm which we followed in tech- a larger research network called SIMBA act (together with Prof. Kerres) as the scien- nology enhanced learning throughout many and will be published within the sTeam tific director of the “education quality forum years, was finally taken up as the key para- system. This learning environment aims nrw”. The forum has successfully conducted digm for tech- to provide not just analytical criteria and the first Congress entitled “Wirkungen und nology and measures, but rather provide students Wirksamkeit neuer Medien in der Bildung” learning in the and professional system developers with (Impact and Effectiveness of New Media in sector of primary a theoretical framework and some gen- Education) as part of a series named “eq – and secondary eral guidelines which shall give adequate education quality”. A book, covering the schools in the support throughout the whole software state of the art in this field, has been pub- state of North- development life cycle. Thus, for the first lished by Waxmann; the next congress is Rhine Westphalia time, developers and students get a con- under preparation. (NRW). The shift structive design guideline and not only International acknowledgement has also from traditional analytical means to evaluate systems been given to the research field Mediatronic courseware to when they are finished. which emerged from the Institute’s strategic cooperative Sustainable learning supportive research planning. Prof Keil-Slawik was learning environ- infrastructures and their effective uti- given the opportunity to present the under- ments has been lization provide the foundation on which Cover: Installation Guide for lying ideas in an adopted by the Learning Supportive Infrastruc- new concepts and technologies will be invited talk at Ministry of Edu- tures explored in the future. Among others, the conference cation NRW and dynamic configuration of local and “Tales of the Dis- the e-nitiative.nrw as the central strategy regional learning environments, sponta- appearing Com- for further development of the educational neous networking and the ergonomic puter”, which systems. Consequently, Prof. Keil-Slawik was design of features and functions to sup- was organized by invited as the keynote presenter to the two port collaboration and cooperation in a larger research central workshops in which the state gov- learning environments will be key issues community of ernment proposed its new strategy to teach- for our ongoing research. The notion the European ers and local school districts. Within those Mediatronic helps us to follow the Union in Santori- workshops four projects, conducted by the approach of setting up open dynamic ni (Greece) in research group, have been presented as best networks in which learning and working May. practice examples: Lernstatt Paderborn, are more and more intertwined. Regionales Bildungsnetz bid-owl, StarOffice Cover eq – education quality forum 4 Kids and the open-source client-server- HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:34 Uhr Seite 34
34 Workgroup
Bildung im Dialog Regional Forum for Education in Ostwestfalen-Lippe
The development of the educational forum The platform is designed as a pool of bid-owl is based on results and experiences servers. Currently, three servers are being made in the project Bildungswege in der employed with different focus. The central InformationsGesellschaft (BIG) where server is primarily used for managing inter- schools within the city of Paderborn had school projects and the cooperation and the opportunity to enhance their work by coordination of teachers who exchange using a content management system. The teaching materials or are involved in work- forum bid-owl now provides a modern tool ing groups on certain topics with col- tailored to the specific needs of every-day leagues from different schools. This server teaching and learning in schools. It may be is also used in teacher training, where used by anyone involved in educational activities may be coordinated and material processes to cooperate and communicate exchanged. through networks. While on the central server every school Bid-owl allows schools, extracurricular has only a limited number of pupils’ partners, and other educational actors in accounts, a second server provides access Ostwestfalen-Lippe to work cooperatively for every teacher and every pupil in Güters- and provide the results of their work loh. There curricular projects of any kind specifically for certain groups of users or may realised. On a third server prototypical for the public. Special tools support the structures for network supported work in efficient production, communication, and schools are being developed in a coopera- discussion within small working groups. tion with the Bertelsmann Foundation and Results may at any time be published by the project Lernstatt Paderborn. just a few mouse clicks. In addition to providing the working Schools thus have a tool at their dis- platform, courses on the system’s usage posal for developing a server based knowl- and on how to effectively and efficiently An attractive presentation of the results of school edge management in the Internet, allowing use it in teaching and learning in schools work is facilitated by an editorial system for a differentiated access by teachers, are held on a regular basis which are school classes, and other user groups. All offered in a cooperation with the Bezirks- functions can be accessed through a com- regierung Detmold within the prehensible and easy-to-use web-based e-nitiative.nrw. interface with a standard web browser. Hence, any computer with internet access is turned into an access point to the school’s knowledge management.
Project Partners: Bezirksregierung Detmold Weidmüller-Stiftung Stadtstiftung Gütersloh
Contact: Harald Selke Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 18 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14
http://www.bid-owl.de Date books allow groups to coordinate their activities HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:34 Uhr Seite 35
Computers and Society 35
SIMBA Key concepts of computer science in distributed multimedia modules by respecting the specific learning concerns of women
In Computer Science, most courses are all elements that do not belong to specific supported by a large variety of multimedia requirements of the basic module “percep- learning material for self-study as well as tion as construction”. The second basic multimedia documents to support learning module provides basic knowledge about processes in lectures and courses. However, norms and rules used in software design these courses do not only address comput- according to another criterion of selection: er science students. In terms of content, “legal regulations”. This leads to a general the aim is to develop modules that have a view of “artifacts as an external memory”, long useful life and can be flexibly another key concept regarding media as employed in IT and non-IT disciplines. expressive appliances for the human mind. However, a coherently designed multi- Finally, the design criterion “Reducing media environment as a substitution of a enforced sequentiality” allows us to estab- lecture cannot meet the specific claims of lish a set of design rules that can be adapt- a given application context. In addition, ed to the design process: This implies that software ergonomics as a science is widely all of those activities (mainly motorical but influenced by other sciences. Thus, a crite- also sensorical and mental activities) have rion of selection is needed to develop a to be reduced that are not inherent to the coherent guideline for design tasks. users specific task or that are needed to The SIMBA project (Key concepts of understand the system but result from an computer science in distributed multimedia inappropriately designed system. modules by respecting the specific learning The team Communication Ergonomics concerns of women) aims to select relevant uses the Paderborn open-source environ- contents of computer science by embed- ment sTeam to not only develop specially ding them into key concepts and present- prepared learning material but also to Key concepts of Communication Ergonomics ing them in exchangeable, transferable and embed this material in cooperative know- reusable learning units for computer sci- ledge organization and knowledge man- ence education. The project is being con- agement processes. Strictly separating the ducted in close collaboration with the uni- content from the navigation and layout versities of Dortmund, Paderborn, Potsdam, structure permits the reuse and transfer of Siegen and Stuttgart. Being part of this the material to other technical platforms. network, the project Communication By using specific management features of Ergonomics seeks to provide basic contents the sTeam system, these contents can be of software ergonomics by integrating produced and modified in individual learn- them in a coherent design guideline. ing modules. However, they can also be The SIMBA project selects its contents published in a coherent working space. from other disciplines by filtering them according to a specific set of criteria: a first criterion of selection is needed to eliminate
Contact: Sabrina Geißler Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 66 50 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14
The SIMBA learning environ- http://conrod.uni-paderborn.de/simba/ ment on the opensTeam-Server (only in German) HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:35 Uhr Seite 36
36 Workgroup
sTeam – Structuring information in Teams
sTeam (Structuring information in Teams) is (beneath), the contained documents (in the an Open Source environment which sup- middle) and the awareness component (on ports the development and maintenance of the right side). virtual knowledge spaces. This project was In this way, the main aspects of the designed within the scope of a year-long metaphor of cooperative knowledge areas study at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and present themselves in semantic connections was then realised in a two-years project (channels and links) to other knowledge supported by the DFN. The architecture pro- areas, in an awareness component of the vides plenty of different mechanisms to users in the area and all the different mate- support communicative and cooperative rials in this area. Firstly, these materials are learning and working processes. Thus, virtu- normal digital documents or images. They al knowledge areas allow to work together can be inserted in different ways, are dis- in synchronous and asynchronous ways and played with special clients or in the web combine this with hypermedia document interface and can be edited with external administration. tools. It is also possible to structure an area with containers. sTeam area Cooperative knowledge areas – Several features allow to manipulate the the key concept of the sTeam system materials in an area, for example by apply- The linchpin of our concept of cooperative ing the rucksack metaphor, which means knowledge organisation is the knowledge that objects can be picked up and dropped area. Students and teachers meet in virtual again at different places. Another feature is knowledge areas, where they can actively the possibility to annotate objects with deposit, jointly view, exchange and arrange comments. their documents. One precondition for a cooperative Depending on their access rights, it is knowledge organisation is a differentiated possible for all learners to create an area. concept concerning the access rights. This Thus, these areas are the central element in has to account for the control of the affilia- any kind of cooperation among the learners tion of users and user groups to the materi- and in structuring the materials belonging als and the representation of necessary
Synchronized structuring of a knowledge area to the learning process. Different clients cooperative interaction between users such such as a browser or a chat client have dif- as between tutors and students and among ferent views on an area according to their members of a virtual learning group. facilities and their special usage. For exam- Another essential quality of the access ple, in the web interface of sTeam areas are rights in sTeam is the decentralised admin- presented with four components. These are istration and furthermore the self adminis- the current path and further information tration, which allows the transfer of access (at the top), connections to other areas rights to other users.
Server architecture HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:35 Uhr Seite 37
Computers and Society 37
pike-sTeam conference 2003 in Paderborn
Synchronous cooperation – Within the Heinz Nixdorf Institute Whiteboard sTeam is used for the coordination within The developed whiteboard offers a visual the graduate college. presentation of a sTeam area and allows to Outside the University of Paderborn drop graphical objects in that area. Differ- sTeam is also employed at different places, ent views on the area are synchronized for example in information systems at the Workshop discussion at the pike-sTeam between the whiteboard clients. University of Essen or as a tool for the conference Due to the choice of Java as program- coordination of member activities of the ming language Java the whiteboard is plat- international student organisation IAESTE. form independent, running on Unix, Linux, A close collaboration with the Open- Mac OS X and Windows and was success- source Community, especially in the setting fully employed in different courses. of the Caudium web server project, has lead to an active sTeam/Caudium developer Applications of the system community. In addition to mutual assis- In addition to applications in our own tance in the software development, it was working group, sTeam has been used in possible to join for fairs, such as the Linux- wide areas of the University of Paderborn. Days in Karlsruhe. Furthermore, in Septem- Several institutes in humanities use sTeam ber the International Pike Conference this in order to improve seminar processes, year was organised by the sTeam group. Dr. Thorsten Hampel is presenting the sTeam especially “discursive“ elements. In the field This resulted in a lively exchange system at the CeBIT 2003 of “Hochschuldidaktik” sTeam is used to between Open Source developers in Swe- organise and administrate the materials for den, France, Poland, the USA, New Zealand participants in the courses, and in engineer- and some more countries. ing sTeam serves as a tool for the coopera- Considering the short developing time, tive configuration of different teaching the sTeam system has this reached a high materials and the organisation of practical level of distribution which will be expanded courses (for example within the Uni Mobilis in the future. project).
Contact: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil-Slawik Jun. Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Thorsten Hampel
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 22 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14
http://www.open-steam.org HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:35 Uhr Seite 38
38 Workgroup Algorithms and AlgorithmsComplexity and Complexity
High Performance = Innovative Computer Systems + Efficient Algorithms Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide High computing performance can only be achieved by a com- bination of powerful computer systems and algorithms that solve the given application problems as efficiently as possible. Therefore, the development of efficient algorithms has estab- lished itself as a classical branch of computer science. In our research area, we concentrate on solutions where current tech- nological possibilities such as high performance computer net- works, mobile wireless communication networks, or systems supported by specialized hardware pose new challenges for algorithm development.
http://www.upb.de/cs/ag-madh/ HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:35 Uhr Seite 39
Algorithms and Complexity 39
Focus in Research Dynamic networks, i.e., networks whose Modern computer systems enable expand- nodes change their (geometric, geographic) ing application areas in many respects: Par- position over time, play a major role in allel computer networks can deal with many areas: They can, e.g., be used as data extremely complex algorithmic problems; structures for moving objects in Computer the Internet realizes global exchange of Graphics or as models for wireless mobile information and the interconnected com- communication networks. We systematically puters may possibly serve as one giant par- model various kinds of dynamic networks, allel computing device; wireless communi- design appropriate algorithms, and apply cation systems allow flexible communica- them to the above mentioned problems in tion between mobile stations; hardware Computer Graphics and communication. support for graphics applications enables The algorithmic work described above real-time navigation in complex virtual has shown us that using randomized proce- scenes. A special challenge is given by com- dures can produce amazing gains in effi- puting systems consisting of heterogeneous ciency. Therefore we systematically study components (e.g. differently powerful the potential of randomized algorithms and processors, storage devices or communica- develop or apply methods from probability tion capabilities) with structural changes theory for analyzing them. over time. The algorithmic challenges To be able to navigate in a virtual imposed by the realisation and efficient 3-dimensional space and to give a realistic usage of such heterogeneous, dynamic sys- optical impression of the changing scene, tems are in the focus of our research. enormous demands are imposed on the Parallel computer networks can poten- underlying data structures that handle the tially supply unlimited computing power. scene and facilitate the rendering of the However, the efficient use of these net- individual pictures. Above all, we have to works is an extremely complex problem. We meet real-time restrictions in order to guar- provide users with a programming environ- antee a realistic impression of the scene. ment, the PUB-library, which is easy to han- Our work on the development of novel data dle and guides them towards the develop- structures led to new approaches to realize ment of efficient algorithms. In order to rendering of very large scenes in real time realize such an environment, efficient on computer networks. implementations of basic routines for com- Our research is closely linked to our munication and synchronization are needed. teaching. Our courses cover methods and Meanwhile, our PUB-library is used by an concepts of the development and analysis international community of developers, who of efficient algorithms. We also run project appreciate such an efficient and comfort- groups and support diploma theses that able environment for parallel computing. apply our theoretical insights in order to The latest extension of the PUB-library design efficient algorithms and libraries. takes into account the special problems of heterogeneous local area networks (LAN). With our theoretical results and the exten- sions of this library for a scenario of con- current applications we make a first move towards Grid Computing. HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:35 Uhr Seite 40
40 Workgroup
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Wireless networks gain increasingly in networks, which are optimal with respect to importance. On the one hand a user should one of these parameters. However, it is not have the ability to access a network such as possible to optimize more than one para- the Internet anytime and anywhere. On the meter at the same time in general. Two of other hand a device can be integrated into these parameters, namely energy and con- existing networks independent of time and gestion, are even proven to be incompatible. place. Up to now the connection and inte- gration are mostly centralized, i.e. there are Dynamics und Mobility dedicated stations which serve as commu- Dynamics and mobility in MANETs consti- nication interface. Without these stations tute a specific challenge. Network partici- there is no network available, and with an pants in a MANET may suddenly appear or increasing accumulation of participants the disappear. In order to cope with this prob- quality of network services, especially the lematic dynamics, we have developed a data throughput, declines. hierarchical communication structure. Addi- We concentrate on mobile ad hoc net- tionally to this kind of dynamics, partici- The hierarchical layer graph represents works (MANETs). These wireless, decentral- pants may move freely and unpredictably. a communication structure that enables an efficient, decentralized management ized networks have no fixed infrastructure We model this mobility by worst case of nodes in the network. and permit participants to move perfectly mobility models. In the so-called pedestrian freely. We use the increasing density of par- model, each participant moves with a pre- ticipants to build up a communications net- defined maximum speed, while in the work, in which the reachability and data vehicular model, each participant changes throughput is increased and the energy his movement with predefined maximum consumption is decreased by range adjust- acceleration. In order to maintain robust ment. The research objective is the develop- communication networks for these mobility ment, analysis and implementation of algo- models, we use again a hierarchical graph rithms for the network management and structure, yet in a higher-dimensional communication in MANETs. The prototypical space. Apart from the classical network implementation on Khepera mini-robots is characteristics this network structure is thereby accomplished in co-operation with guaranteed to remain stable for a given the System and Circuit Technology work- period. group. By this co-operation we try to com- bine algorithm development and mathe- Experimental Investigations matical analysis, experimental investigation For the evaluation of our algorithms we and, finally, the prototypical implementa- developed SAHNE, a simulation environ- tion. That way, e.g., the physical effects of ment for MANETs. Hereby we simulate the Worst case scenario for vehicles with the wireless data communication have been lower (close-to-hardware) layers in radio bounded acceleration. Without an ade- modelled and integrated in our simulation and infrared networks. Besides these proce- quate choice of the transmission range the communication links would break environment to obtain simulations very dures for topology construction and rout- down. close to reality. ing, we have implemented and examined also channel access strategies. Modelling and Basic Networks In order to evaluate the performance of our networks and routing strategies, we had to model characteristic properties of MANETs. We have modelled physical effects such as interferences and characteristics such as mobility and dynamics. Furthermore, we have introduced parameters for routing time (congestion, dilation) as well as for Contact: PD Dr. rer. nat. Christian Schindelhauer energy costs. We are able to build up basic Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 66 92 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82
http://www.upb.de/cs/schindel.html Simulation of an ad hoc network HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:35 Uhr Seite 41
Algorithms and Complexity 41
Resource Management in Networks Storage Area Networks, Grid Computing, On-Chip-Systems
Today, modern network based computer Parallel Algorithms on Dynamic, On-chip parallel computer systems offer a huge amount of resources, Heterogeneous PC-Clusters In cooperation with the Infineon Tech- e.g. storage capacity of up to several ter- In order to satisfy the increasing demand nolgies AG (Munich), University of Ulm, abytes or tremendous computing power. for computing performance in scientific and RTWH Aachen and the local research The ability to use and administrate these engineering areas, parallel computer sys- groups System and Circuit Technology resources in an efficient way constitutes a tems are used. As a matter of fact, pro- (see page 54 ”GigaNetIC“) and Program- challenging task. In our research group, we gramming and maintenance of such sys- ming Languages and Compilers, the are looking for strategies for data distribu- tems is much more difficult than that of a BMBF project GigaNetIC aims to develop tion within such networks. Furthermore, we sequential computer where the versatile basis techniques for massively parallel enable dynamic heterogeneous PC-clusters and universal von Neumann model is avail- System-on-Chip architectures. to be used as parallel computers, and we able, according to which we write our The goal is the development of a design the structure of highly parallel sequential programs. universal parallel co-processor that con- coprocessors that can be applied to support We extended Valiant's Bulk Synchronous tains processing units, memory, and a common network tasks as well as universal Parallel (BSP) bridging model and imple- fast on-chip communication network. parallel computing. ment and evaluate the PUB library (Pader- The new characteristic of the hardware born University BSP) that enables the pro- parameters (high bandwidth, small Data Distribution in Storage grammer to write portable efficient parallel latency, small amount of memory) Area Networks programs that can be run on a variety of allows new possibilities for hardware Modern storage systems have to cope with different parallel computers. optimisations and leads to new chal- an increasing amount of data in a flexible Resources of classical parallel computers lenges for the development of algo- way. To fulfil all new demands with respect are limited, but there is a huge number of rithms. to capacity and access speed, networks of networked PCs with unused computation disks and storage subsystems, so called stor- power. We adapted our PUB-Library to use age networks, are considered. We developed these idle times by migrating the processes algorithms that distribute data and requests of a parallel program from heavily loaded uniformly over the connected storage sys- computers to such ones can be efficiently tems, considering different capacity of disks used. Due to the changes of the available as well as adaptive system changes. computing power, new algorithmic chal- Our SHARE strategy is able to distribute lenges emerge in the context of load bal- any amount of data elements uniformly ancing and of scheduling. over a storage network consisting of disks As PC-clusters are considerably less sta- and storage subsystems of different size, ble than classical parallel computers, the speed, etc. Hence, it is possible to virtualize system has to be fault-tolerant, i.e., the heterogeneous storage networks, that is, to breakdown of one PC must not terminate Graphical user interface for a convenient separate the physical from the logical repre- the parallel program. PUB achieves this by management of virtual hard drives sentation. We built a software prototype creating checkpoints, at which the actual that was improved within the configuration of a process is stored. If a PC last year and which is able to adapt to crashes, all processes that were executed on changing situations like changes in the this machine can be restarted from the last Contact: Dipl.-Inf. Kay Salzwedel number of storage systems. Now we ob- checkpoint on other computers. Email: [email protected] serve both its dynamic behaviour in practice Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 58 and its extensibility of including various Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82 redundant replacement strategies, respec- http://www.upb.de/cs/salzwedel.html tively. Further on, our goal is to integrate and optimize specific components, e.g., Dr. rer. nat. Rolf Wanka Email: [email protected] redundancy, prefetching and data profiling. Phone : +49 (0) 5251|60 64 34 Embedding theoretically evaluated algorith- Fax : +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82 mic results into our strategy will play a major role also in the future. http://www.upb.de/cs/wanka.html Dipl.-Inform. Olaf Bonorden Email: [email protected] Phone : +49 (0) 5251|60 64 33 Fax : +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82 Heterogeneous PCs that are connected via Internet form a parallel computer http://www.upb.de/cs/bono.html HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:35 Uhr Seite 42
42 Workgroup
Algorithms for large and complex networks
The rapid development of faster computer Sublinear Algorithms hardware and more powerful interconnec- At every diet election, immediately after the tion has increased the complexity of net- poll stations close at 6 p.m. there is a prog- works dramatically. The best known example nosis for the outcome of the election. Sur- of such a complex network is seemingly prisingly, this prognosis has such a high the graph of the World Wide Web, which quality that winners and losers of the elec- is defined by the hyperlinks between web tion are often known at this point of time. pages. Of course, it is impossible to store This is achieved despite of the fact that only such an enormous graph on a single com- few people are interviewed about their puter. State-of-the-art algorithms often political preferences. Obviously, it is possible break down already on much smaller data to predict the outcome of an election by sets. Therefore, we need new algorithmic asking a small sample of the population. techniques to process large networks. We Why shouldn't it be possible to use this develop such new methods for partitioning concept (drawing samples) in algorithmic large, unstructured graphs (which research? are used to represent net- As a matter of fact, it is possible to ana- works in a computer) as lyze algorithmic problems in a similar way. well as algorithms that In doing so, a new discipline of algorithmic analyze network proper- research has recently been established and, ties on the basis of a up to now, only few results are known. Cer- small sample without tainly, one cannot find an exact solution to scanning the whole net- a problem, if one only knows a part of the work. input. But it is also impossible to predict the outcome of an election precisely, and still A hierarchical decomposition and the Hierarchical Graph Decompositions no one has doubts about the significance of corresponding tree network One approach to deal with the complexity election prognoses. of large networks is to approximate the An important class of network problems complex network topology by a simpler are the so-called optimization problems. In network that is better suited for algorithmic an optimization problem we want to maxi- use. We have shown that, for routing and mize the value of an objective function data management problems where the subject to a set of constraints. We have objective is to minimize the congestion (i.e., developed algorithms that read only a small maximum load of a network link), the fol- part of the input but still compute an lowing approach can be used. Instead of approximation to the value of the objective solving the problem directly for the target function. Among other things we were able network, it is possible to compute a tree to obtain such algorithms for the k-median network that well approximates the target problem and the weight of the minimum network in terms of congestion, and then spanning tree of a metric space. to solve the problem on the tree network. The main advantage: Due to the simple structure of trees the last step of designing an efficient tree strategy is usually relatively simple. Contact: The tree network is based on a hierar- Dipl.-Inform. Harald Räcke chical decomposition of the target network Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 57 into smaller and smaller clusters. We have Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82 presented a polynomial time algorithm that computes a decomposition such that the http://www.upb.de/cs/raecke.html resulting tree network approximates the Dr. rer. nat. Christian Sohler congestion of the target network within a Email: [email protected] polylogarithmic factor. The hierarchical Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 27 decomposition can also be used to approxi- Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82 mate partitioning problems as e.g. Mini- http://www.upb.de/cs/csohler.html mum Bisection in arbitrary graphs. HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:35 Uhr Seite 43
Algorithms and Complexity 43
Algorithms for Computer Graphics
The visualization and simulation of highly Distributed Rendering Using complex scenes is a challenge for virtual Dynamical Image Partitioning reality systems. The aim is a real-time navi- We investigate distributed rendering tech- gation that imparts an intuitive under- niques, especially load balancing strategies standing of the virtual scene for the user. for our rendering systems. For this, we have We are interested in efficient rendering developed a sort-first distributed rendering strategies and time-critical collision detec- method that divides the screen into disjoint tion problems. We focus on (distributed) regions. For each region a server is responsi- rendering algorithms for rendering highly ble for all rendering calculations. Our detailed scenes in real time. Our fast meth- approach takes advantage of frame-to- ods are based on approximation and sam- frame coherences and alters the partition- pling techniques. In first applications of our ing for consecutive frames with a view to methods we deal with material flow simula- achieve a consistent load balancing. We tions of virtual 3D-scenes. have developed different cost models for rendering and network transfers to the dis- Time-Critical Collision Detection play host. We have implemented our algo- Using an Average-Case Approach rithm in a prototypical walkthrough system. In cooperation with Dr. Gabriel Zachmann Our experiments certify a consistent load (University of Bonn), we have developed a balancing if the navigation through the novel, generic framework and algorithm for scene is smooth. hierarchical collision detection, which allows an application to balance speed and Active Support of the Analysis of quality of the collision detection. We pursue Material Flow Simulation in a Virtual an average-case approach that yields a Environment (BAMSI) numerical measure of the quality. This can Simulation and 3D-visualization are well- either be specified by the simulation or known methods for understanding and interaction, or it can help to assess the analyzing manufacturing processes. In result of the collision detection in a time- cooperation with the group ‘Business com- Accentuation of occluded significant points in critical system. Conceptually, we consider puting, especially CIM’, we develop a simu- material flow simulations sets of polygons during traversal and esti- lation and walkthrough system that sup- mate probabilities that there is an intersec- ports the viewer by detecting and mitigat- tion among these sets. This can be done ing significant processes and objects in efficiently by storing various characteristics material flow simulations. The 3D-models of about the average distribution of the set of these objects are rendered with high quality polygons with each node in a bounding vol- and the remainder parts of the scene are ume hierarchy (BVH). Consequently, we nei- neglected (multi-point approximation). Our ther need any polygon intersection tests algorithm based on our sample tree tech- nor access to any polygons during the colli- nique allow a simple increase or reduction sion detection process. We have implement- of the approximation quality (sampling ed our new approach with two basic BVHs density) for different parts of the scene. We and present performance measurements compute a ‘view channel’ to occluded and comparisons with a very fast previous objects of the scene in order to focus the Collision detection between two VW Sharan. algorithm, namely the DOP-tree. The results attention of the viewer. Polygons in green bounding volumes collide. show a speedup of about a factor 3 to 6 (Data courtesy of Volkswagen) with only approximately 4% error.
Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Matthias Fischer Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 90 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82
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44 Workgroup
DesignDesign ofof Distributed Distributed EmbeddedEmbedded Systems Systems
Specification SW Synthesis
Modelling Operating Systems
Verification HW Synthesis
Analysis Rapid Prototyping
Aspects of Distributed Embedded Systems
Controlling Distributed Embedded Systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig Informatics is everywhere. Ranging from simple alarm clocks to complex fabrication plants; what drives the pace may be characterized as ”Informati- sation”. By today there are 20 billions of microprocessors worldwide and the software running on these devices controls them as ”Embedded Systems”, whatever form the technical environment takes. The working group ”Design of Distributed Embedded Systems” tackles the scientific challenges to design a seamless development process for Embedded Systems covering all phases and aspects. Areas covered include specification/modelling, verification/ana- lysis, SW-synthesis/real-time operating systems, and HW-synthesis/rapid prototyping. All these areas are considered at various levels of abstraction.
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Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 45
Focus of Research: Design Methods For phase analysis/partitioning, dyna- part of our system. Our integrated for Distributed Embedded Real-Time mical structures form a real challenge. In approach allows us to configure a real- Systems addition it has to be considered that em- time operating system that manages We are confronted with increasing “infor- bedded systems in many cases reside inside and controls entirely the reconfiguration matisation” of our technical environment. safety critical applications. This implies that of reconfigurable hardware at run time. For a long time this “informatisation” has formal verification of single components of On the other hand we are investigating been restricted on isolated objects (vehicles, dynamical networks as well as of the entire operating system services to migrate appliances, fabrication cells). Now we expe- network is gaining increasing importance. dynamically to various execution plat- rience a next step, characterised by increas- We investigate which formal verification forms, including reconfigurable hard- ingly complex communication structures techniques are adequate under specific cir- ware devices. between components of increasing intelli- cumstances. In the past we investigated a We use application projects to gence. Today we have to consider embed- combination of Model Checking and ASM. demonstrate the relevance of our solu- ded systems, communications systems and In the future we will concentrate on verifi- tions. A project where virtual cameras mobility as an interlinked whole. The scien- cation of components, which underly partial for sports events are supported may tific community discusses this trend using modifications. As in the past we will consid- serve as a typical example. This requires terms like “Autonomic Systems” or “Organic er verification of both, functional and non complex image processing algorithms, Computing”. functional aspects like timing. to be executed in real-time. We enable It is our mission to provide central com- Efficient software synthesis may be these algorithms (provided by interna- ponents of a seamless design method for supported by our library for real-time oper- tional project partners) to be executed this scenario, i.e. for distributed embedded ating systems functions, called DREAMS. It on our SCI-cluster running on a special real-time systems. Within this scope we can be customized in fine-granular manner. version of RTAI-LINUX, developed by us. concentrate on the phases specification, Application-specific configurations can be In the future, we will migrate parts of modelling, analysis/partitioning, and syn- obtained using our configurator TEReCS. this operating system to the FPGA- thesis. Both solutions will be developed further based co-processors, which are integrat- Executable specifications get increasing towards online modification. The border ed into our SCI-cluster. Another exam- importance in the entire area of engineer- between software design and hardware ple is the application of real-time oper- ing. In the past we provided important con- synthesis is fading away. ating principles to control holonic pro- tributions to a prominent example of this Concerning Hardware synthesis, we duction systems. This leads to distrib- approach, namely “Abstract State Machines concentrate on programmable devices (e.g. uted production systems with a (ASM)”. This approach can be considered to Field Programmable Gate Arrays, FPGA). response behaviour (production rate) be mature today. Therefore, we now con- We developed a seamless tool chain which that can be guaranteed. centrate on applications. During the last especially supports run-time reconfigura- years, among others, under the leadership tion. This requires complete control over the of our group the formal semantics of placement of modules. Consequently, this is SDL2000 has been defined and this defini- tion became an international ITU standard. Now we apply the ASM technique to a broad variety of potential applications. Concerning modelling we follow both, synchronous approaches (like StateCharts) and asynchronous ones, especially based on Pr/T-nets. Like all Petri-net-based approach- es they have distributed execution seman- tics and by this they are especially adequate for distributed embedded systems. Special challenges are real-time systems with dynamical structure. We work on tech- niques, based on Pr/T-nets as well, which allow dynamical modifications of models. HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:35 Uhr Seite 46
46 Workgroup
RTOS Applications
In an interdisciplinary research theme, we Another research field of our working are concerned with the application of Real- group is the usability of Real-Time Operat- Time Operating Systems in Flexible Manu- ing Systems (RTOS) for multimedia applica- facturing Systems. Manufacturing systems tions. For these kinds of applications, it is of the future will be basically characterised important to guarantee the requirements in by an autonomous decentralised structure. terms of computation time in order to These production systems are known as achieve the necessary quality of the system. “Holonic Manufacturing Systems”. A high In the scope of the EU project EVENTS production capacity and simultaneously a (Computer Vision Enables Non-Constrained precise deadline predication are important Transmission of Scenarios) new image challenges of these manufacturing systems. interpolation algorithms have been devel- oped. They aim to produce virtual images using low number of cameras distributed in the scenario. The interpolated image should reproduce an image from a virtual camera which has a desired virtual point of view. Therefore, it should be possible with this system to broadcast an online event (e.g. Soccer play) from virtual cameras, whose images are calculated during run-time. In order to support this system, an SCI- Cluster (Scalable Coherent Interface) was used, which can provide the necessary com- putation performance. A Real-time Com- munication middleware platform (RTC) was developed on top of this cluster, to guaran- tee the necessary time-constraints of the VR Model of a Holonic Manufacturing System communication services. The RTC consists of hierarchical layers Due to the dynamic nature of the implemented as modules for RTAI-Linux Holonic manufacturing environment, many (Real-Time Application Interface) operating control decisions are made in real-time. system. Each module encapsulates a specific Such a production system should provide service of the communication protocol means to cope with various unexpected on- stack, which makes it possible to change line requests in the presence of off-line pre- them independently (e.g. the Media Access planned requests. Therefore, predictable Protocol – MAC) in order to attend the real-time scheduling techniques upon requirements of the application. uniprocessor and multiprocessor production The development of the RTC communi- stages are developed. Prototype implemen- cation platform provides a parallel real-time tations of the proposed scheduling tech- environment. Running a proper parallel ver- niques have been provided. The high perfor- sion of the image processing software in mance of the system has been proved this environment enables the successful through various simulated case studies. achivement of the EVENTS project’s require- In a manufacturing system, where a ments. substantial amount of time is spent to transport parts among machines, it is pri- mary to account for transport overheads. The achieved results of the predictable real- time control are extended to include trans- Contact: Dr. rer. nat. Dania Adnan El-Kebbe port time considerations. Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 95 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 02
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Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 47
Specification, Modeling & Verification
System modeling and formal specification turing system capable of adapting its the behaviors of the software compo- in combination with formal verification can capacity and functionality over time in a nents of a Mechatronic Multi Agent substantially contribute to the correctness reaction to the changing market circum- System. For verification, the RAVEN and quality of the designed software/hard- stances. Unlike existing manufacturing sys- model checker is employed to verify the ware systems and consequently help to tems that utilize fixed hardware and fixed declarative requirements specified in reduce the development costs. software, the RMS is being designed RT-OCL. To do this, real time UML state Our research work mainly focuses on a through the use of reconfigurable hardware diagrams are transformed into RAVEN’s systematic application of various formal and software. I/O interval structures via ASM-based techniques for system modeling, specifica- The project B1 of SFB 614 provides an semantic model as intermediate repre- tion and verification to the design process approach to combine seamlessly the design sentation to improve the scalability and of complex systems characterized by control techniques with the formal verification flexibility. In order to efficiently handle distribution and constrained by real-time techniques in the domain of self-optimizing features such as modularity and distrib- and safety requirements. Multi Agent Systems with Mechatronic ution, compositional and incremental Our main research topics include: exe- components. For the design techniques, the Model Checking algorithms are being cutable specifications, integration of het- basic modeling idea is to combine the implemented in RAVEN. erogeneous system specifications at seman- object-oriented and component-based In addition to Model Checking, an tic level, application of formal verification techniques with the Multi Agent paradigm. approach of using a PVS theorem prover techniques such as Model Checking and Consequently, UML state machine diagrams for formal verification of ASM models is Theorem Proving to fully/semi-automated with real time extension are used to specify under investigation. verification of distributed (real time) control systems. All mentioned topics have been investi- gated in the scope of the ISILEIT and the B1 (SFB 614) projects both originating from different application domains, i.e. Flexible Manufacturing Systems for the former and self-optimizing Multi Agent Systems with Mechatronic components for the latter. The ISILEIT project aims at development of seamless methodology for integrated design, analysis and validation of distrib- uted production control systems. In this project the Abstract State Machine lan- guage (AsmL) has been applied to integrate subsets of SDL and UML languages within one precise and executable semantic model. This model is further used as an input to the model based testing and formal verifi- cation by means of Model Checking. Another interesting topic in the area of manufacturing systems, covered by our research, deals with modelling and verifica- tion of Reconfigurable Manufacturing Sys- tems (RMS). An RMS is a flexible manufac-
Verification process for UML real-time models
Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Martin Kardos Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 94 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 02
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48 Workgroup
Design methods for (re-)configurable Real-Time Operating Systems
Embedded systems are playing an increas- Another research approach (within the ingly important role in the recent years. scope of the project C2 of the SFB 614) is to They take over more versatile tasks and are accommodate the RTOS resource efficiently highly interconnected. Examples can be and dynamically at run-time (online) to the found in cars, PDAs, cellular phones, or sen- requirements of the application and the sor networks. Real-Time Operating Systems changing environment. Thereby, the RTOS (RTOS) for these systems get more impor- analyses the actual status of the system tant and also take over more complex tasks. and optimises itself by reconfiguration. As a In order to reach flexibility and efficiency it consequence, it acts as an optimal server is necessary to design the RTOS in a modu- for applications with different or changing lar, configurable, and – if required – distrib- profiles of demands. uted manner. It is decisive for the efficiency of the RTOS over the whole operation time that disturbances of the overall system due to dynamically varying demands do not occur. In particular, at any time a fail-safe opera- tion is to be ensured, which guarantees the deterministic processing of all safety critical tasks under the given time constraints. Reconfigurable hardware represents a new resource, which can be used dynami- cally, even directly by the RTOS itself. The support of reconfigurable hardware compo- nents implies a set of basic services. These services must be provided and adequately configured by the operating system envi- ronment. Due to inherent hardware paral- lelism, adapted modules could be executed efficiently on FPGA and at the same time concurrent to normal processor execution. Tiny mobile embedded systems have low hardware performance and some tasks Self-optimizing RTOS can only be executed cooperatively in a dis- The goal is to adjust our RTOS library tributed manner. Especially, in dynamic ad- DREAMS optimally to the requirements of hoc networks services on these systems the applications. Thereby, only elements must be cooperatively reconfigured at run- which are really needed are integrated. time to fulfil the tasks. By this, resources From different alternatives the optimal that currently are not available can be solution is selected. Furthermore, the real- compensated. time constraints of the final configured sys- tem are checked before runtime (offline). The utilisation is calculated, resource alloca- tion schedules are created, and delays and latencies are determined. Methods and tools for this were developed in the DFG funded project TEReCS of the SPP “Embedded Sys- tems”.
Contact: Dipl. Inform. Simon Oberthür Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 15 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 02
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Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 49
Reconfigurable Computing
The research area Reconfigurable Comput- For applications in the field of cluster- as well as non partial reconfigurable ing has become an important focus of the computing, the working group owns an FPGAs. At the same time the design tool working group. The aim is to design com- SCI-cluster (Scalable Coherent Interface) CoreMap has been developed, which puter systems that are not only based on where the single machines have integrated allows a module-based creation of FPGA Von Neumann architectures but also involve a RAPTOR 2000 system. The goal in this configurations on a high level of reconfigurable hardware devices such as configuration is to systematically use paral- abstraction. Further research on these FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array). lelism for the application on three levels: methods is supported by the DFG pro- Depending on the characteristics of the Between the machines, on the level of the gram Rekonfigurierbare Rechensysteme. application, such devices can overcome dual processors of each machine, and inside As a demonstrator an adaptive con- sequentially working processors in efficien- the FPGA devices. trol system has been implemented, cy and performance by many times. Com- Another topic is the research on recon- which reconfigures the FPGA resources mercially, FPGAs are mainly used to replace figurable interfaces, which are used to during runtime. By this it is able to ASICs (application specific IC) in systems of interconnect various applications in dynam- switch between several controllers. little to medium quantities, as well as for ic designs. ASIC prototyping. Until now, the traditional In a dissertation finished this year, design flow resembles the design flows of mathematical methods have been devel- digital circuits and does not consider the oped to partition dataflow graphs for an capability of reconfiguring the device dur- optimized execution on FPGAs. The work ing runtime. has considered column wise reconfigurable Therefore, the working group explores design methods, which take advantage of the special properties of reconfigurable hardware devices. At the same time, run- time systems are developed which manage the resources of a reconfigurable computing system and make them available to the applications. The working group targets sev- eral different computer platforms: In the area of embedded systems, the main computing resources are either stand- alone FPGA(s), or a combination of FPGA(s) and processor(s). Examples are the RC-100 made by Celoxica, the RAPTOR 2000 devel- oped by the working group System and Cir- cuit Technology of the Heinz Nixdorf Insti- tute or the Spyder system from Karlsruhe University. The design method in combina- tion with the runtime system should enable applications to be platform independent as far as possible, to maximize the advantage of runtime reconfiguration and to run under real-time constraints.
Top of figure: FPGA based computer: RC-100- and Spyder system. Due to the use of a platform abstraction layer the same application can run on different platforms. Contact: Bottom of figure: Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Danne Concept of a dynamically reconfigurable FPGA-Com- Email: [email protected] puter. Independently developed applications are con- Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 92 figured and executed during runtime. Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 02 http://www.uni-paderborn.de/cs/danne HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:36 Uhr Seite 50
50 Workgroup System and Circuit System and CircuitTechnology Technology
Microelectronics – Key Technology and Challenge Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert With the growing use of integration technology in almost all areas of life, microelectronics has become the key technology of the modern information society. The systematic design of resource-efficient microelectronic systems and their use according to specific demands constitute the central research aim of the Research Group of System and Circuit Technology.
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System and Circuit Technology 51
Key Technology Microelectronics Cognitronics The unbroken revolutionary progress of Cognitronics deals with the development of microelectronics is the driving force behind microelectronic circuits for a resource-effi- the devolopment of new products with cient realisation of cognitive systems. It is noticeably extended functionality and the aim of our research activities to equip increased capability at lower costs. Even technical products with cognitive skills in beyond the year 2010, the development of order to improve their functionality and Microelectronics will not be restricted by make them more reliable and user-friendly. physical-technological limitations so that Examples of cognitronic systems have challenges lie in the mastery of the design developed in nature in great numbers over complexity – the technological standard is the course of evolution. It therefore makes more than 100 million transistors on an sense to transfer biological information area of few square centimetres – and in the processing principles onto technical sys- economical use of these technological pos- tems. Central to our work is the analysis of sibilities. the theoretical capability and the integra- Against this background, the research tion-oriented realisation of such principles. group of System and Circuit Technology develops microelectronic devices and sys- Mediatronics tems in digital and analog circuit technolo- Mediatronics is a new interdisciplinary gy. A special focus is on massively parallel research field at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute, realisations and the evaluation of the which is concerned with the situative inte- resource efficency of such implementations. gration of technical products and systems Here, resource efficiency means to handle into open systems. In future, these systems Microelectronics as technological basis for the physical quantities space, time and will be marked, to an even greater extent, Mediatronics and Cognitronics. energy economically. by a decentral organisation of dynamically Our research and technological transfer connected, intelligent components. activities concentrate on the central Our aim is to develop and provide domains of Cognitronics and Mediatronics. methods and techniques that enable tech- The theoretical and practical education of nical products to communicate and coop- students in managing and mastering the erate efficiently. Here, we follow new key technology of microelectronics in con- approaches to use the available computing crete applications of information and power and network resources efficiently in automation technology goes hand in hand order to optimally meet the demands for with our research work. service quality and reliability of future communication systems. HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:36 Uhr Seite 52
52 Workgroup
Intersection management Autonomous Robots Organize Themselves
Problem Description cation protocol is used to determine the An automatic and decentralized control of robots that want to pass the intersection. In cars while moving through an intersection the planning zone, each robot transmits its can drastically decrease the probability of intended way through the intersection. accidents. We examine how such a distrib- For this purpose, the intersection is uted intersection management can be real- divided into a number of segments whose ized. This research project is part of the identifiers are transmitted in the order of DFG-funded Collaborative Research Centre the intended passing. Afterwards, the com- 376 and is carried out in cooperation with munication protocol determines potential the MLaP und C-LAB. The aim is to analyze collision candidates and assigns priorities to the performance of possible solutions with each robot that decide how to pass the a prototypical implementation. We use a intersection. Within the action zone, the colony of minirobots to emulate the sce- preplanned motions are executed according nario. The minirobots have low area require- to the results of the planning zone. ments, hence the experiments can be easily The developed methods allow an inter- performed. The robots are equipped with section passing without collisions. The test radio modules that are used to create a bed can now be used to implement more mobile ad-hoc network. The resulting com- complex management algorithms such as munication service allows the implementa- adapting the driving speed to increase the tion of distributed algorithms that can plan comfort for the persons in the car. how the robots is supposed to pass the intersection autonomously. HNI Vice World Champion Besides the usage of minirobots in laborato- Implementation ries, they are also employed in international The research activities have resulted in a world championships in robot soccer. The test bed in which minirobots are driving goal of these tournaments is the presenta- continually through an intersection. The tion of new algorithms and the latest sen- first goal was to create the necessary infra- sor concepts as well as hardware solutions. structure, e.g., mechanisms for recognizing Another important aspect is the comparison the intersection and methods for communi- of the quality of new developments with cating between robots. Hence, a simple that of other working groups in a competi- algorithm has been chosen for solving the tive environment. After coming in third at intersection management itself. the tournament in South Korea in the last Awards show at the robot soccer world The intersection is divided into a search year, the System and Circuit Technology championship in Vienna in Oct. 2003 zone, a planning zone and an action zone. group changed for better and scored the The environment contains features that are second and third place at the world cham- used by the robots to recognize the inter- pionship in Vienna this year. In total, more section and its different zones. When a than 100 international teams have compet- robot enters the search zone, the communi- ed in all leagues in Vienna.
Contact: Dipl.-Ing. M. Grünewald Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 48 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51
Dr.-Ing. U. Witkowski Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51
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System and Circuit Technology 53
VisionIC Hardware for Neural Image Processing
Challenge tion of the pulse pattern. Therefore, the Classical systems for image processing show reduction of information is related to the a relative small robustness in various appli- specific manipulation of the pulse pattern. cation scenarios. Thus, the VisionIC project, The desired result is a synchronization of which is carried out in cooperation with the the pulse pattern that codes similar features Infineon Technologies AG, has the aim of in a localized region. The process of syn- developing a novel information processing chronization is affected by adaptation of system in the field of image processing and the coupling weights between the neurons. object recognition by using pulse-coded neural networks. The advance in achieving a Associative Memories for Pattern noticeable improvement compared to stan- Storage in Neural Networks dard processing methods is based on a new Features that have been extracted in the data type. For this type, the information is feature cascade are processed by an asso- represented by patterns of pulses. The focus ciative memory. The memory can be used of the work in the System and Circuit Tech- for completion of the pattern (auto-associ- nology research group is on the develop- ation) on the one hand. Also the memory is ment of a neural associative memory that is able to map a pattern in a heteroassociative based on pulsed neurons. way (hetero-association). For the applica- tion of image processing, the memory does Hierarchical Image Processing an assignment between the pattern at the The analyzed image processing system has a input to abstract symbols at the output. hierarchical architecture. On the top level, The associative memory consists of a Hierarchical image processing system there is the CMOS image sensor for image matrix of pulsed neurons that are fully con- with pulsing neurons grabbing. The output of the camera is paral- nected by adaptive coupling units (synaps- lel analog pixel data with gray levels, but es). One research topic is the analysis of the the system can be enhanced for color memory performance as regards retrieval image processing, too. At the current stage quality, capacity, automatic learning, and of development, the system has an image latency. In addition, the memory is realized resolution of 128 x 128 pixels. The deter- by an application-specific microelectronic mined gray level pixel data is passed to a device (ASIC) in a mixed signal analog-digi- feature cascade for further processing. tal technique. The feature cascade consists of different feature detectors, that are realized by spe- cialized neural generator networks. Every feature detector owns the quality of being sensitive to certain structure elements of the image. These elements are for example spots, lines, edges and curvatures. The function of the feature detectors is, on one hand, the mapping of predefined features to the regions of the image. On the other hand, a reduction of the information in the image data is achieved in order to pass this information to the associative memory. Information in the pulsed neural network is coded by the distribution func-
Contact: Dr.-Ing. U. Witkowski Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51
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54 Workgroup
GigaNetIC Next Generation Networking Technology
Challenge Infineon provides basic cells and the Information processing and networking of most up-to-date chip production technolo- technical devices become more and more gies. These allow feature sizes of less than obvious in our daily life. To handle the con- 130nm and make it possible to shrink the stantly growing amount of data, more and area needed for one S-Core to less than more powerful routing nodes are required 0.2mm2. Hence, it is possible to integrate in the different networks. The aim of the more than 1000 of these processors on the GigaNetIC project is to develop high-speed area of a one-cent coin. Another research components for networking applications focus is on on-chip networks that are need- and to explore new kinds of applications for ed for the immense data throughput on the massively parallel architectures. chip. For an efficient use of the massively Parallel Architectures for parallel structure a special compiler is Network Processors developed by the working group Program- In the beginning of the year 2002, a coop- ming Languages and Compilers (Professor eration between Infineon Technologies, Kastens). The compiler has to process the especially the department of Professor software of the network processor in a way Ramacher, and the university of Paderborn that each processing unit is optimally uti- was founded with support of the BMBF. lized and no unnecessary time is spent in It is the aim of the project to develop idle states. super-high-speed components for com- For integrating a huge amount of pro- munication and network applications cessors on a single chip it has to be assured as well as basic techniques for mas- that these units are able to communicate sively parallel systems. As a result efficiently with each other over an on-chip of this approach a powerful net- interconnection network. Design, analysis work processor is to be devel- and evaluation of such networks and the oped that is also usable as a appropriate communication protocols are universal co-processor. processed in close cooperation with the Architecture of the massively parallel network processor from Paderborn, integrated on a 20th In order to handle group of Algorithms and Complexity (Pro- part of the area of a cent the upcoming data traf- fessor Meyer auf der Heide). To support the fic of the future, highly integrated circuits software developer, special programming are needed for the network nodes. In the models and libraries are developed. Finally, working group System and Circuit Technol- the main objective of this project is the ogy (Professor Rückert) such complex com- manufacturing of a prototype chip of the ponents are being designed and evaluated. multiprocessor in order to demonstrate the In this project, an architecture is being efficiency of the architecture. developed that is based on massively paral- lel processing enabled by a multitude of processors. The first step will be to generate a chip that consists of 32 processors. For this, we will use the S-Core processor, a 32bit RISC processor core that has been developed by the System and Circuit Tech- nology group.
Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Jörg-Christian Niemann Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 43 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51
Dr.-Ing. Mario Porrmann Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51 Ubiquitous computing is only possible with http://wwwhni.upb.de/GigaNetIC/ high-speed, active network nodes HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:36 Uhr Seite 55
System and Circuit Technology 55
A Dualported Ethernet Switch for Automation Systems
Motivation devices and controller devices are provided The use of Ethernet networking technology with a synchronized time base. The synchro- in automation systems promises lower nization protocol for the exchange of the costs, a unification of factory communica- low-level timing information provided tion systems, and higher performance, e.g. by the switch will be handled by the termi- for the integration of multimedia services. A nal device. On top of that, the dualported dualported Ethernet switch for the integra- Ethernet switch collects information about tion in automation devices that addresses the past and the current network status these goals was developed in a cooperation and internal switch statistics. In this way, project between the Systems and Circuit upcoming problems like memory or band- Technology research group and the Phoenix width overload can be identified and avoid- Terminal with process interface and integrated Contact GmbH. ed early. dualported Ethernet switch
Concept Switch Demonstrator The major requirement for fulfilling real- Based upon an abstract behavioral VHDL time demands in Ethernet automation net- description, the dualported Ethernet switch works is the use of Ethernet switching tech- was simulated and synthesized onto a nology, which eliminates the non-determin- field-programmable gate array (FPGA). istic arbitration scheme of Ethernet. The This implementation was tested on the new dualported Ethernet switch has two RAPTOR2000 rapid prototyping system in a Ethernet ports, which allow for setting up real 100 Mbps PC network. The system was line and ring topologies, which are very validated under load by streaming video common in automation networks. An addi- data and transmitting real-time sensor data tional internal interface of the switch is at the same time. Due to the implemented connected to the integrated terminal cut-through switching, the latency could be device, which will contain a processor sys- minimized to 2 µs. The sensor data packets tem. This device uses the switch as a net- were subject to a small jitter. If a large work interface. If additional Ethernet con- video packet is transmitted at one moment, nections are necessary in the automation a sensor data packet will be temporarily network, common switches with more ports blocked. This unavoidable jitter is minimized can be inserted in the chains easily. by the optimized internal structure of our In addition to the store-and-forward switch. switching method, which is mostly used in computer networks, the cut-through switching method is implemented in the dualported Ethernet switch. This enables both, lowest latency for traversing packets as well as high transmission safety and packet loss prevention simultaneously. The architecture of the switch allows to reduce the packet memory and address memory sizes significantly, so that all components of the switch can be combined into a single integrated circuit (IC). Finally, such a net- work device consists of one IC, which inte- Contact: grates the terminal device, packet and Dipl.-Ing. Erik Vonnahme address memory, and the switch. Dualported Ethernet switch, implemented on Email: [email protected] The dualported Ethernet switch operates the RAPTOR2000 rapid-prototyping platform Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 43 on layer 2 of the ISO/OSI model and is able Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51 to process the Ethernet protocol and VLAN Dr.-Ing. Mario Porrmann priorities. In respect to the control system Email: [email protected] domain where the switch will be used, a Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51 synchronization of distributed clocks is sup- ported by the switch. Thus, the terminal http://wwwhni.upb.de/sct/mediatronics HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:36 Uhr Seite 56
56 Workgroup Mechatronics and Mechatronics andDynamics Dynamics
With Creativity to Innovation Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallaschek Today, new developments often emerge at the borders between disciplines, where different ways of thinking confront and stimulate one another. Mechatronics, one of the key technologies of the 21st century lies within this new field.
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Mechatronics and Dynamics 57
In the past year, the organisation of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) – department focused on the following the german national science foundation. 4 fields In the area of Lighting Technology the teaching program was enlarged. In the • Piezo Technology newly designed Bachelor and Master • Lighting Technology Degrees for Mechanical Engineering the • Traffic Technology possibility now exists to choose Lighting • Simulation and Metrology Technology as a major subject. The first Pro- jektseminar on Lighting Technology with the and proved to be successful. Numerous topic “Beamer in LED-Technology” found externally funded projects and the consider- great resonance amongst the students. ably higher number of student projects and A visible expression of the advance- diploma thesis than the previous year show ments in the project RailCab was the inau- that the new structure also found wide guration of the test-track at the Pohlweg. acceptance outside the department. The test facility offers the possibility to per- Of particular emphasis is the endeavour form experiments on active steering and to establish a Piezo-Forum at the University guidance control in a realistic environment. of Paderborn in which all departments that The department has also strengthened work in the area of piezoelectric materials its “entrepreneurial” activities. After the and their technical applications can bundle foundation of the ATHENA Technologie their competencies. Currently, the first com- Beratung GmbH, which in its first year of mon task is the preparation of a project existence has developed itself outstandingly, proposal with the goal of establishing a a second spin-off business – PADERSONIC research group in the area of Ultrasound GmbH – grew out of the department in Process Technology, to be submitted to the 2003.
Piezo Technology Dr. Tobias Hemsel Piezoelectric Actuators Dr. Walter Littmann Ultrasonic Devices Piezoforum Paderborn Dr. Thomas Sattel Vibration Drives Michael Brökelmann Bo Fu Christopher Kauczor Lighting Technology Maik Mracek Dr. Stephan Völker Active Lighting Systems Dr. Wiro Wickord Driver Support Systems Thorsten Brandt Visual Perception Rainer Kauschke Patrick Kuhl Jacek Roslak Regina Sprenger Technologies for mobility Stefan Otto Railway Systems Mohamad Ghanaat Automotive Technology Head Office Stefan Halfmeier Vehicle Dynamics Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallaschek Martin Hiller Kerstin Hille Martin Liekenbröcker Marina Kassühlke Khaled Mahmoud Daniel Beyer Nicolai Neumann Christian Potthast Michael Walther Simulation, vibration testing and experi- mental modal analysis Sebastian Wedman FEM and Multi Body Systems Simulation Wilfried Bröckelmann Experimental Modal Analysis Reinhard Böer Nonlinear Dynamics Rafal Król Bianca Thiere HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:36 Uhr Seite 58
58 Workgroup
Ultrasound Process Technology
The transport and dosage of granular mate- Production of powder coatings rials are an important part of Process Engi- through an ultrasonic standing neering. Thereby, the food, chemical, phar- wave atomizer maceutical and coating industries set high Powder coatings are used in many areas of demands on the transport and dosage per- industry. The quality of the coating does not formances of the used plants. only depend on the chemical composition In this context, Ultrasound Process but also on the form and size distribution Technology in the past years has developed of the particles. Spherical particles with a itself into an attractive alternative com- small particle size distribution have particu- pared to presently used classical technolo- larly favourable characteristics. gies. Based upon several exploration pro- As proven by several successful experi- jects, the department has set itself the goal ments, a very promising approach for the to prove the feasibility of powder atomisa- production of such particles is through tion and transport through ultrasound in ultrasonic standing wave atomising. The two concrete projects. The project for “Dis- aim is the disintegration of polymer melt Fig. 1: Prototype of an Ultrasonic integration of fluids in an ultrasonic stand- for the production of powder coatings. For Powder Conveyor ing wave atomizer” is a major constituent this purpose, an ultrasonic standing wave of the Piezo-Forum, in which sev- field is generated between two transducers. eral research teams of the faculties Polymer melt is injected into a nodal point Electrical Engineering, Chemistry of this pressure field via a nozzle and disin- and Mechanical Engineering do tegrates due to the acoustic forces (see fi- closely work together. gure 3). Compared to the conventional method Powder transport using of polymer milling, the following advan- ultrasonic vibrations tages, besides optimised application charac- An ultrasonic driven powder trans- teristics and better coating qualities, are to port system was developed, in be expected: suitability for low temperature Fig. 2: Function principle of powder transport which the wave stimulation and expansion melting and high reactive coating systems, using ultrasonic vibrations with visualisation of in pipes, constructed from relatively strongly increase in resource efficiency as the speci- measured surface trajectories of the pipe absorbing materials, are used (see figure 1). fic energy requirement and the amount of An acrylic pipe, which is stimulated to waste are considerably lower. Within the oscillations in the form of travelling waves framework of this project, that was distin- through piezoelectric impulses, is used to guished with the Research Prize 2003 from convey the powder. The grains on the inside the University of Paderborn, our department of the pipe wall are moved forward via fric- is developing new concepts for optimised tion through the resulting elliptical move- transducer units for powder atomising and ment of the surface area points, whereby innovative concepts for their operation. the desired transport mechanism is achieved (see figure 2). The developed prototype distinguishes Fig. 3: Principle of disintegration of fluids itself from conventional dosage systems in an ultrasonic standing wave atomizer through the following points: simple struc- ture, nearly no wear and tear operation, cost effective, easy to integrate into exist- ing production plants. The technology also Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Maik Mracek allows miniaturisation, operation in the low Email: [email protected] voltage area and a very careful, exact Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 68 dosage. Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78
Dr.-Ing. Tobias Hemsel Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 69 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78
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Mechatronics and Dynamics 59
Piezoelectric Actuators
Control Concepts for Resonance A phase regulator that is based upon Operation of Piezoelectric actuators the well-known “phase-locked-loop” princi- Piezoelectric actuators have e.g. been im- ple from Communications Engineering, was plemented in ultrasound bonding or ultra- developed as the solution to this problem. sound cleaning for a long time in order to Hereby, we mean an adaptive control circuit create the required high energy ultrasonic that independently recognises and regulates oscillations. However, still in the research the most effective control parameters phase is their implementation to improve according to the momentary load, so that processes (e.g. grinding of ceramics, lathing the process is optimally supported at all of steel). With the help of piezoelectric times. Piezoelectric transformers can also be actuators, the tool is being stimulated for operated resonantly by this means – this is resonant ultrasonic oscillations that overlay especially noteworthy as they have a parti- the process. Through this the feed rates can cularly distinct load-dependence. This basic be increased, process forces decreased and research result emerging from a doctorate surface area qualities improved. As the thesis, opens new avenues to interesting actuators are operated at voltages up to applications, in which piezoelectrically sti- several hundred volts using frequencies mulated ultrasonic oscillators can be op- above the auditory threshold (20 kHz), high erated in resonance even under strongly demands are placed on electric control cir- varying loads. Besides the already available Photo und FEM-model of an ultrasonic bonding sonotrode cuits and process control. modules (power amplifier, development Our department can refer to several environment, load test benches), this pre- years of successful practice with not only sents a further component of a rapid-pro- the conception and development but also totyping system for new ultrasonic actua- the establishment and testing of piezoelec- tors developed in our laboratory. tric ultrasonic actuators. However, new actuators often require particular control concepts. In cooperation with the depart- ment “Power Electronics and Electrical Drives”, a new amplifier generation (power converter) was developed in the past year. Ultrasonic converter with sonotrode for For the first time this makes it possible to atomization of highly viscous fluids operate different piezoelectric actuators without having to especially adapt the elec- tronic components to the individual actua- tors. A central problem with the control of piezoelectric actuators is the mode of op- eration in the state of resonance, which energetically is particularly favourable. Due to the interaction of tool and process and due to the operational changes of the actu- ator itself (warming up,…), the resonance frequency changes during operation. An efficient control concept for the operation of an actuator in its resonance must there- Contact: fore be able to recognise the occurring Dr.-Ing. Walter Littmann changes through suitable measurements Email: [email protected] online and permanently adapt the parame- Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 69 ters of the controller. Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78 Dipl.-Ing. Christopher Kauczor Frequency response of an unloaded (red) und loaded Email: [email protected] (blue) ultrasonic bonding sonotrode. The APLL-con- Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 22 11 troller continuously adjusts the system to the actual Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 34 43 loading condition without the aid of an additional sensor http://wwwhni.upb.de/mud HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:36 Uhr Seite 60
60 Workgroup
Active Lighting Systems
In the year 2000, more than 40,000 people for the generation of modular light distri- in the EU were killed in traffic accidents and butions. The increasing availability of envi- more than 1.7 million were injured. A large ronmental sensors for detection of the number of these accidents were caused by vehicle’s surroundings has strong impact on poor visibility conditions. The analysis of the structure of the overall system. statistics shows that the risk of death dou- A second concept consists in using of bles itself while driving at night. communication networks, in which every In the past years, several safety systems vehicle is considered to be the participant (e.g. ABS, ESP, airbags etc.) have already of a global network system. Information DMD-Technology-Demonstrator: non-dazzling been developed. The next step lies in the about the traffic situation is obtained col- of the field of view of a pedestrian use of information about the dynamics of a lectively, processed and distributed centrally. vehicle including the street and traffic situ- Last year has seen a considerable ation. First assistance systems, e.g. Lane- progress in the development of technology Change Assistant or Night Vision, are to demonstrators for advanced optical sys- warn the driver in danger situations. More tems, like e.g. pixel light and scanning sys- advanced systems that interpret the traffic tems. Many proof-of-concept demonstra- situation and even take over the control of tors were built and several patents have the vehicle in critical cases are being dis- been filed. cussed for the future. Also in the area of automotive lighting, systems with further developed functionali- ty are emerging. Based on the present tech- nology of adaptive headlight systems, sys- tems for collective illumination are to adapt the light distribution to the traffic situation so that the road is illuminated as efficiently as possible. Hence, the visibility conditions are to be improved for the driver and at the same time dazzling other road users is to be minimised. The wish to have situation-dependent light distributions leads to complex con- cepts. Cornerstones are surround sensors for the supervision of the traffic space, the manipulation of optical components and the development of new headlight concepts Test drive with an eye-tracking-system Simulation of the non-dazzling of oncoming traffic
Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Jacek Roslak Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|704 343 66 Information projected using an active headlamp Fax: +49 (0) 5251|704 349 61
Dipl.-Ing. Rainer Kauschke Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|704 343 65 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|704 349 61
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Mechatronics and Dynamics 61
CAE-Tools for Product Development
Background Dynamic modelling and develop- The increasingly lightweight construction ment of a numerical simulation has led to the fact that the structure stiff- model ness of the mounting of optical elements in Based on the results gained from the ex- a vehicle headlight has become softer. With perimental tests, a model for the dynamic heavy optical elements (for e.g. mirrors, behaviour of the headlight is now being lenses or Xenon-Lamps) this can lead to developed. For the modelling MultiBody undesired vibrations during operation that System models (MBS) and Finite Element make themselves noticeable in the form of Models (FEM) as well as specifically devel- vibrating light-dark-boundaries. Due to the oped combinations of both (hybrid models Dual headlamp absence of modelling and simulation tools, such as elastic MBS), are being used. Par- the optimisation of the vibration behaviour ticularly important is to also describe the can often be just begun shortly before influence of the environment, i.e. the exci- series production as the experimental tests tation by the surrounding structure. For this can only be carried out on physical proto- purpose special excitation models are being types. As an alternative to the optimisation developed. based on experimental research, a model- supported procedure has been chosen and Optimisation developed recently. Central to our research After the successful validation of the mod- is the question which models best describe els, they will be used to optimise the sys- the vibration behaviour of headlights and tem’s dynamic behaviour. For this purpose which modelling quality can be reached we analyse, how information from the with different approaches. Then in a second experimental tests and simulation results step – after the successful validation of the can best be merged and integrated into the model building – extensive experiments can development process. The particular appeal be replaced by computer simulations long here is that parameter studies and system before first prototypes are built. Due to the optimisations can be carried out long tight interlocking of methodology and con- before the first physical prototypes are crete applications, this project is being car- available. ried out in close cooperation with our industry partner in the L-LAB. The particular difficulty in the mathematical-mechanical model is that numerous, and often very pronounced, non-linear effects must be Headlight during the dynamic test taken into account.
Experimental Research Initial research with the help of experimen- tal modal analysis has shown that the opti- cal unit (lens, carrier, reflector) behaves like a rigid body. In contrast, large elastic defor- mations occur on the carrier frame, which is fixed by a three point mounting in the headlight housing. Coulomb friction and dead band behaviour in the connection ele- ments were observed during experimental tests.
Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Wedman Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 61 86 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78
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62 Workgroup Mechatronics MechatronicsLaboratory Laboratory Paderborn Paderborn
Mechatronics in Trend-Setting Applications Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Lückel In the context of mechatronics, the MLaP performs inter- disciplinary research at the junction between mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and information resp. computer science. The most important parts in the design of novel active system components with respect to their functions are systematic integration, conception, and ma- nagement of distributed processes under real-time condi- tions.
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Mechatronics Laboratory Paderborn 63
The design and realization of mechatronic Application oriented research: systems are at the outset of a production • Development of mechatronic systems in process and thus represent the decisive automotive engineering, in particular early stages in the development of novel active suspension and hybrid vehicles. products. Mechatronic systems are charac- • Conception of new drive and suspension terized by high demands on the dynamic systems for rail-mounted vehicles (”Neue behavior, which are fulfilled by the integra- Bahntechnik Paderborn”). tion of mechanical structures with sensors, • Control of robots with open loop actuators and extensive, usually digital data (”tempo”) and closed loop (”TriPlanar”) processing. kinematics with special consideration of The focus of the design of mechatronic high model depth regarding flexible struc- systems must be a ”function-oriented” tures and high course accuracy. Realization approach in the above sense, quite in con- • Analysis of systems of precision mechan- Analysis Modeling trast to conventional mechanical enginee- ics, such as printer systems, cash dis- ring tradition, where almost exclusively a pensers and precision positioning Synthesis ”shape-oriented” approach is applied, based machines in the micro- and nanometer The mechatronic development cycle on an evolutionary ”trial and error” devel- area. opment cycle. The research activities of the MLaP The main goal of education at the MLaP is include the following: to propagate the new integrative research Software-oriented research: field mechatronics, in particular by means • Object-oriented modelling of mechatronic of advanced methods for the control of systems with consideration of the differ- mechatronic systems developed in the field ent physical principles of mechanics, of research. hydraulics and electrical engineering. • Development of new concepts for hard- ware-in-the-loop systems as well as dis- tributed simulation through the imple- mentation of a hardware-independent simulation platform. • Advancement of computer-aided design procedures for the implementation of controls in linear and nonlinear multi- state systems.
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64 Workgroup
The Vision of Neue Bahntechnik Paderborn
The objective of the project Neue Bahntech- Test track nik Paderborn (New railway technology In order to test the first prototypes of the Paderborn) is the development of an inno- shuttles a test track of approx. 530 m vative railway system which combines mo- length has been built at a scale of 1:2.5 on dern suspension engineering with the ad- an area next to the campus of the Universi- vantages of the Transrapid, but can still use ty of Paderborn. the existing rail tracks. The essential element of the new trans- portation system are small, autonomous shuttles, which replace the conventional train. They transport passengers and goods directly to their respective final destination without stop-overs or change of trains. On densely frequented tracks the shuttles form columns to increase track capacity.
A Modular Chassis The shuttles are equipped with state-of- the-art chassis technology. As in the Tran- srapid, linear motors propel the shuttles. Test track at the campus of the University of Paderborn Thus, they can climb steeper slopes and accelerate faster, because the wheel-track contact no longer has to transmit the drive forces. Unlike the Transrapid, however, the shuttles implement the Carry and Guide functions by single wheels on the track, so that the existing track network can be used. The suspension/tilt module supplies active damping and tilting of the car body. Together with the guidance module, which controls the movement of the wheels, it yields higher ride comfort and significantly lower wear. Test vehicle without cover
Contact: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Lückel Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 55 60 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 55 79
Dr.-Ing. Karl-Peter Jäker Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 55 74 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 55 79 Railcab test vehicle at a http://www.railcab.de/ scale of 1:2.5 HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:37 Uhr Seite 65
Mechatronics Laboratory Paderborn 65
Real-Time Hardware and Software
The basic idea of the mechatronic design is to decompose a mechatronic system into subsystems in order to make the complex structure manageable. RABBIT is a modular hardware and software platform for distri- buted real-time applications. It helps the designer in the development of mechatro- nic systems during the simulation and im- plementation stages. At these stages, soft- ware- and hardware-in-the-loop simulation is usually necessary. The hardware comprises three main components: MPC555 microcontroller, FPGA module (Field Programming Gate Array) and IEEE 1394 module (Firewire). Each module is a board of its own and can operate in stand-alone or combined mode. RABBIT – A modular Hardware and The main features of RABBIT are its fle- Software Platform xibility and extensibility, brought about by an open system interface and high modu- larity. It also allows distributed implementa- tion of the control algorithms. RABBIT was already used successfully in several applications. RABBIT is a development of the MLaP in cooperation with the HNI (Heinz-Nixdorf- Institut) of the University of Paderborn.
Realized Applications
Contact: Eng. André Francisco Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 55 76 Implemented Modules Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 55 79 HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:37 Uhr Seite 66
66 Workgroup Parallel Computing Parallel Computing
3D-Visualisation of the HNI building (Olaf Schmidt)
Reaching new magnitudes through the efficient use of parallel and distributed systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien Parallel and distributed computing is the key technology for the solution of large, computationally intensive problems in science and technology. The challenge is now to further improve the capabilities of this technology, to develop the full potential of applications and to open up new dimensions of realization.
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Parallel Computing 67
The provision of powerful computing per- er chess championship. Applications using formance is a key requisite for the imple- parallel and distributed computing are also mentation of complex systems and applica- found in the field of networked multimedia tions in science and technology. Today, systems, where memory and computing high-performance computers generally take performance are made available "on the shape of parallel computers. In such demand". systems, a complex task is not processed by one single computer, but by several com- Against this background we are primarily puters simultaneously. These share the concerned with the following research workload in a similar way to an assembly areas: line or a large company with different busi- • The theoretical fundamentals of parallel ness areas. The parallel computing perfor- computing, mance can be produced both by a single • the architecture and operation of parallel computer, comprised of several processors, and distributed computing systems, The developer consortium of the parallel chess and by several computers, that are distrib- • the use of parallel computing to solve program Brutus uted at different sites and communicating complex problems in science and tech- with each other. nology. The analysis and design of efficient par- allel and distributed computer architec- The working group participates in numer- tures, the development of powerful meth- ous national and international funded pro- ods of implementing applications on those jects, in which the results of research are systems, and implementing prototypes of applied for solving practical problems of those applications are essentially the areas the industrial partners. Conversely, the close covered by the "Parallel Computing" cooperation with the industrial partners research area. over and over again leads to new impulses One major field of applications is that and questions stimulating our own research of computer simulation by parallel comput- activities. ers. Expensive and time-consuming test With our teaching programs we aim to series, or dangerous experiments, can provide the students with sound know how, increasingly be replaced by computer simu- that is close to research, in the field of Par- lations. The visualisation of 3-dimensional allel Computing, with comprised skills for objects in real-time is of enormous rele- practical use and with experiences in real vance both to computer simulation and to projects. a wide range of other applications. The necessary computing power can only be provided by means of scalable parallel com- puters. Such great computing power is also needed for solving decision-making prob- lems in a wide variety of planning issues such as how valuable resources can be saved or systems used more efficiently in traffic regulation. The methods, we develop, are especially tested in the field of parallel chess programming. The Paderborn chess program P.ConNers was the first chess pro- gram in the world to win an official Grand- master chess tournament (July 2000). In this year the program Brutus, which is also The graphical user interface of Brutus mainly developed within our group, has also won an official Grandmaster chess tournament and is deemed to be one of the favourites for the upcoming world comput- HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:37 Uhr Seite 68
68 Workgroup
Load Balancing in Parallel and Distributed Systems
Load balancing is one of the key problems tinguish between diffusion and dimension that must be addressed to efficiently use exchange schemes. These two classes differ parallel and distributed computer systems. in the topology's communication abilities. A parallel application can be visually Diffusion algorithms assume that a node of described as a component-wise manufac- a network can send and receive messages turing process in industrial production. An to/from all of its neighbours simultaneously, application (=fabrication of an industrial whereas dimension exchange does only use product) is divided in several subtasks pair wise communication with one neigh- Modelling the network as a graph. The load amounts before executing the balancing are (=sub-products) and these subtasks are bour after the other. We have determined displayed in the nodes. The numbers on the executed on different processors (=workers) the exact convergence rate, the flow quality edges represent the required minimal flow of the parallel or distributed system. Sub- as well as the behaviour of known diffusion tasks can either be run independently from algorithms. However, the analysis of the each other or, if required by the underlying dimension exchange method is much more application, interdependencies between complicated and its convergence rate has them have to be obeyed. In the latter case, only be determined for some simple topolo- the processors must use communication in gies so far. order to exchange intermediate results. Other load balancing approaches that Summarized, the load balancing problem we consider are based on randomized aims at the following goals: strategies and exchange load between ran- • The application's total execution time domly chosen processors. Strategies of should be minimized. interests are Bidding and Workstealing. A Randomized load balancing. Newly arriving • All processors of the system should oper- somehow different approach is described by jobs are assigned to processors. First, a constant ate during the whole computation and so called 'balls into bins' game. In this number of randomly chosen bins are checked before the arriving ball is assigned to a processor idle times should be avoided. game, newly arriving jobs (balls) are evenly • The total load in the system should be assigned to the processors (bins). Hereby the distributed equally and 'fair' among the load of a constant number of randomly processors of the system. chosen bins is checked before the newly • The communication overhead between arriving ball is assigned to the processor the processors should be minimized. with the smallest load. The load balancing algorithms we have For several years, the research group developed in our research group are inte- Monien has studied efficient load balancing grated into real applications. Among them algorithms. While we have analyzed the is a distributed computer chess program, a problem theoretically, we have also imple- finite element method simulation tool and mented the resulting algorithms and tested image generation software. The resulting them in real world applications. We distin- feedback leads to further improvements of Load balancing in large, distributed, non-coopera- guish between synchronous and asynchro- our methods. tive networks. Several requests are sent to a clus- nous load balancing methods. In the syn- In the future, load balancing algorithms ter of machines. An efficient load balancing algo- rithm that assigns the requests to the machines chronous case, all processes involved in the for large, distributed and dynamic networks and thereby minimizes the total execution time computation stop from time to time in should be developed. Here, non-cooperative is desired order to balance the newly generated load networks (such that the Internet) play a among them. In contrast, the load distribu- very important role. In order to develop tion is performed as a constant background efficient load balancing strategies for such process which is performed simultaneously topologies, the use of sophisticated linear with the computations in the asynchronous algebraic and game theoretic methods is case. required. To obtain good mappings of the tasks to the processors, several efficient methods have been developed. In our research group Contact: we have focused on analyzing local iterative Dr. rer. nat. Robert Elsässer load balancing algorithms. Thereby, we dis- Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 66 90
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Parallel Computing 69
Numerical Simulation PadFEM: A parallel simulation platform for the adaptive Finite Element Method
A multitude of scientific problems in nature During the calculation it can happen and technology can be mathematically for- (especially with unsteady problems) that mulated as partial differential equations. the approximated solutions of adjoining Until nowadays however, these are not elements strongly differ from each other. totally solvable. Costly, sometimes also dan- This indicates that the generated network gerous and usually expensive tests in in the simulated area is too coarse. In order experimental laboratories are therefore still to obtain a better solution, the network is the main methods of engineers and scien- refined. This network adaption must fulfil tists in the gaining of knowledge. At the certain mathematical conditions e.g. it same time, the desire for numerical simula- should be locally limited and it should not tion platforms remains, with whose help produce any small angles/squares. In prac- the solution can be approximated. However, tice, the network is often completely this approximation depends on whether a refined, also dividing areas in which a more mathematically sufficient and accurate exact calculation was not needed at all, Typical engineering question: “What material process is implied and whether sufficient wasting time as well as storage space. This destruction occurs drilling a screwanchorhole? computing performance is available. Series is the reason why we pursue the attempt to of experiments are not replaced by simula- adaptively refine the network. However, this tion platforms but can be strongly support- can result in a situation where the calcula- ed, considerably reducing their costs. Our tion load of the individual processors is no formulation to prepare a simulation plat- longer balanced, which extends to different form for application problems from differ- long calculation times. In order to avoid ent areas e.g., fracture mechanics and fluid this, one must balance the number of ele- dynamics exists within this topic. ments per computer, which corresponds to A discretization of the mathematical a further typical problem of parallel com- equations is necessary in order to be able puting, load balancing. to carry out a numerical simulation. One of PadFEM provides all the above described the most important methods in this con- practicalities in the form of a “tool box“, in Model of the above question using text is the “Finite Element Method”. In which an easily operated interface lies at an FEM network doing this, a continuous field on which a the user’s disposal. Therefore, the user can solution should be approximated, is totally concentrate on the application replaced and “discretized“, respectively problem. At the moment, equations from through simple geometric elements (Poly- the theory of heat, fracture mechanics and gons, Polyeders). This discretization leads to fluid dynamics (Navier-Stokes) are imple- a network whose nodes are used for the mented. PadFEM has been and will be fur- numerical approximation of a solution to ther developed within the framework of the the partial differential equations. The net- activities of the DFG special research area work must be very precise in order to 376 “Massive Parallelism”. At present Pad- obtain a sufficient accuracy, which in turn FEM is also used within a cooperation pro- leads to the establishment of very large lin- ject between the chemical engineering and Dr. Stephan Blazy (fifth from the left) and ear equation systems. Due to their size, the computer science faculty. This coopera- PD Dr. Dieter Bothe (fourth from the left) at the research awards 2002 ceremony of the University solving these equation systems enforces tion has been awarded in 2002 with the of Paderborn for the project “Process intensifica- the use of parallel computers. The data of research award of the University of Pader- tion of the production of polymer through the all adjoining nodes is necessary for the born. integration of more innovative methods from approximation of the solution for a node. natural science and information technology In order to prevent the calculation from being unnecessarily prolonged through high communication costs, this must be taken care of when distributing the equa- tion system onto different computers. This problem corresponds to the graph parti- Contact: tioning problem. Dr. rer. nat. Stephan Blazy Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 23
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AngewandteApplied Physics/ Physik/ IntegrierteIntegrated Optics Optik
Integrated Optics in Lithium Niobate Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler The Applied Physics group (Prof. Dr. W. Sohler) is engaged in the field of integrated optics. Lithium niobate is used as sub- strate material due to its excellent electro-, acousto- and non- linear optical properties. A variety of optically and/or electri- cally controllable, miniaturized waveguide devices and optical circuits are developed for applications in optical communica- tion and optical metrology.
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Applied Physics /Integrated Optics 71
The idea of integrated optics is to develop (DWDM) (1 EU-funded research project). Furthermore, the group develops miniaturized waveguide devices and com- One key functionality of such a wavelength electrooptical devices for the compensa- plex optical circuits on a common substrate converter is wavelength tunability. In a tion of the polarization mode dispersion using planar technologies well known from novel double stage process comprising sum- (PMD) in fibre-optic telecommunication integrated electronics. This goal is also pur- and difference frequency generation in cas- links. Within an EU-funded research sued by the Applied Physics / Integrated cade all-optical tunable wavelength conver- project computer-controlled PMD-com- Optics group using lithium niobate with its sion has recently been demonstrated (see pensation of 40 Gbit/s optical data has excellent electro-, acousto- and nonlinear project example: Tunable All-optical Wave- been successfully demonstrated. optical properties as the substrate material. length Conversion). Moreover, nonlinear Moreover, doping of lithium niobate with optical devices for parametric amplification, laser-active ions (in particular rare earths) all-optical switching and signal processing enables the development of integrated opti- are being developed. cal amplifiers and lasers. In the MIR optical parametric oscilla- In the following the main activities in tors (OPOs) enable high resolution selective the current research period are summarized: analysis of trace gases, a key application in environmental sensing. As an example Technology Fig. 2 shows the tuning characteristics of Low-loss integrated optical waveguides a MIR-OPO. fabricated by indiffusion of evaporated and photolithographically delineated Ti-stripes Erbium-doped lasers of a few µm width provide the basis for the Erbium diffusion doping of the substrate development of all devices and circuits. allows the development of integrated opti- Besides photolithography and diffusion cal lasers. By utilizing the excellent elec- other fabrication methods adopted from trooptical and acoustooptical properties microelectronics (e.g. evaporation, sputter- of the substrate, it was possible to develop ing, …) are used as well. Moreover, the a whole family of integrated optical lasers Fig. 1: Microphotography of the selectively group develops lithium niobate-specific for the NIR with very attractive properties. etched surface of a periodically poled Ti:LiNbO3- technologies (e.g. periodic poling of ferro- Acoustooptically tunable lasers are promis- waveguide electric microdomains – see also Fig. 1 - ing sources for optical networks with dense holographic writing of photorefractive wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). gratings, control of the material stoichiom- Lasers with holographically written pho- etry utilizing vapour transport equilibra- torefractive gratings have, due to their tion…). These activities are accompanied wavelength selective feedback, a narrow- by advanced characterization techniques band emission as required e.g. in interfero- (e.g. optical, electrooptical and scanning metric metrology. atomic force microscopy, spectroscopy, …). Integrated acousto- Nonlinear optical devices and electrooptics
Periodically poled Ti:LiNbO3 (Ti:PPLN) wave- The efficient interaction of surface acoustic guides are the basis of efficient optical fre- waves with guided optical waves in com- quency converters in the near (NIR) and bined optical and acoustical Ti:LiNbO - Fig. 2: Wavelength tuning characteristics of 3 an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with mid (MIR) infrared spectral range. E. g., in waveguide structures is the basis for wave- periodically poled Ti:LiNbO3-waveguide structure the NIR, nonlinear optical sum- and differ- length-selective, tunable polarization con- for the mid infrared (MIR) ence frequency converters are developed verters. By combining such converters with and tested for applications as all-optical polarization splitters, a whole family of wavelength converters in future reconfig- devices has been developed for optical urable high-bitrate photonic networks with communications, e.g. tunable filters, switch- dense wavelength division multiplexing es and multiplexers. Such an electrically controlled, tunable optical filter incorporat- ed in a waveguide laser resonator is the key component of an acoustooptically tunable laser (see project example: Acoustooptically Tunable "Single Frequency" and "Frequency- shifted Feedback" Lasers). HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:38 Uhr Seite 72
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Tunable All-optical Wavelength Conversion
Background The Device Wavelength conversion is a promising For the demonstration, we prepared a method to enable blocking-free routing of channel waveguide of 29 mm length by individual data channels in future ultrafast diffusion of a photolithographically delin-
and reconfigurable photonic networks with eated Ti-stripe into a Z-cut LiNbO3 sub- wavelength division multiplex (WDM). For strate. The waveguide was subsequently wavelength conversion all-optical methods periodically poled using a field-assisted are very attractive, as they are fast and inversion of ferroelectric domains. The independent of the chosen data format. method of domain inversion in Ti-diffused Especially, nonlinear optical wavelength waveguides had also been developed in converters have attracted considerable Paderborn. The microdomain structure has attention as they allow not only to convert a periodicity of 16.6 µm. It determines the data at ultrahigh speed but in addition with wavelengths for quasi-phase matched extremely low noise and without distortion. cSFG/DFG. For blocking-free routing wavelength tun- As the signal source, a tunable and ability of the converted signal to any of the modelocked fibre laser has been used. It different WDM-channels is a key function- delivers short (5 ps; FWHM) pulses at 10 ality. GHz repetition rate. This pulse train with an average power of 1 mW simulates a high The Project speed train of optical data. The power levels The Applied Physics/Integrated Optics group of both pump waves were set equally to of the University of Paderborn has devel- 350 mW. Fig. 1: Optical spectra of signal and idler for two oped the method of tunable wavelength Fig. 1 shows the optical spectra for two different wavelengths of pump 2; the resolution conversion in the framework of the Euro- different wavelengths of the second pump. bandwidth of the optical spectrum analyzer was set to 0.1 nm. Green graph: transmitted signal pean program on Future and Emerging The conversion efficiency from the signal to spectrum without conversion; red and blue Technologies (FET) in the project ROSA. The the generated idler was –9 dB. The -3 dB graphs: spectra of transmitted pump- signal-, and method is based on cascaded sum- and dif- tuning bandwidth of the idler was 80 nm. idler waves for two different settings of pump 2 ference frequency generation (cSFG/DFG) in This range covers almost all the standardized
a periodically poled Ti:LiNbO3 (Ti:PPLN-) wavelength channels (so called ITU-grid) of channel waveguide. the C-and L-bands of the third telecommu- nication window (1530-1625 nm). The Principle of Operation In the cSFG/DFG process, two pump waves λ λ ( p1, p2) are required for selecting one spe- cific input wavelength and controlling the wavelength of the converted output. An λ input signal ( s) interacts with a first pump with exact quasi-phase matching for sum frequency generation (SFG). The wavelength of the sum frequency wave is determined by the requirement of energy conservation: λ λ λ λ λ sf = s p1/( s+ p1). At the same time, the second pump wave interacts with the sum frequency wave to generate by DFG an idler wave at the difference frequency. The corre- sponding wavelength again follows from λ λ λ λ λ energy conservation: i = sf p2/( p2- sf). Since the wavelength of the second pump is tunable, the converted idler wavelength Contact: Dr. Yoohong Min (wavelength of the converted data channel) Email: [email protected] is tunable as well. Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 22 96 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 34 22
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Applied Physics /Integrated Optics 73
Acoustooptically Tunable ”Single Frequency“ and ”Frequency-shifted Feedback“ Lasers
Background using two polarization splitters in the left optical spectrum analyzer of 10 pm was Electronically controllable, widely tunable part of the device. The TE-TM-conversion is measured. The laser emits already nar- and narrow linewidth lasers are attractive induced by the interaction of the guided row-line, sometimes "single frequency" sources for a number of applications in optical mode with a surface acoustic wave emission was observed. advanced photonics, such as in multichan- (SAW). This SAW is excited using interdigital The emission of the laser without nel optical networks, in coherent detection transducers and launched into the com- frequency shift compensation, i.e. with and in wavelength-dependent optical mea- bined optical and acoustical waveguide sec- frequency shifted feedback, has a 14- surement. The key element of such a laser is tion by an acoustical directional coupler. times broader emission spectrum associ- an intracavity tunable wavelength filter. In Acoustooptical interaction requires ated with a lower spectral power densi- the acoustooptically tunable laser discussed momentum and energy conservation. ty (see right ordinate of Fig. 2). The out- hereafter the tuning element is controlled Momentum conservation means that the put power stability is astonishingly electronically and allows a fast change of difference between the propagation con- good. the laser emission wavelength, as no stants of TE- and TM-modes is compensated mechanically moved parts are involved. by the propagation constant of the SAW. Moreover, standing wave patterns inside the Energy conservation means that the TE-TM- laser gain medium are almost completely conversion is accompanied by the absorp- avoided. This is a prerequisite for narrow tion or emission of a SAW-quantum leading linewidth emission as required, e. g., for to a up- resp. down-shift of the optical fre- tunable local oscillators in coherent (homo- quency by the acoustic frequency. As the dyne/heterodyne) optical detection resonated laser field inside the cavity has to schemes. reproduce after each round trip a compen- Fig. 1: Schematical structure of an acoustoopti- cally tunable Ti:Er:LiNbO –waveguide laser sation of the acoustooptic frequency shift is 3 The Project required. This is achieved by a second shift In the framework of the interdisciplinary compensating acoustooptical mode con-
research group ”Integrierte Optik in LiNbO3: verter. As a result of the frequency shifting neue Bauelemente, Schaltkreise und back and forth the two counterpropagating Anwendungen”, funded by the Deutsche waves inside the cavity are frequency-offset Forschungsgemeinschaft, the laser structure by two-times the acoustic frequency in the has been designed, fabricated and investi- cavity region between the mode converters. gated. Low-loss components and an opti- In this way, a standing wave pattern leading mized Er-diffusion doping are the key for a to spectral hole burning and mode compe- wide tuning range. tition of the laser emission can be largely reduced. The Principle of Operation Surprisingly, a laser emission can also be In Fig. 1 the structure of the acoustoopti- observed without compensation of the fre- cally tunable waveguide laser is shown. The quency shift. Due to the successive fre- gain section of the laser is defined by indif- quency shifting per round trip in the cavity fusion of an evaporated Er-layer. The optical a mode-less broadband emission spectrum waveguide structure, indicated by red is generated. colour, is defined by photolithographically Fig. 2: Emission spectra of an acoustooptically delineated and indiffused Ti-stripes, the Experimental Results tunable Ti:Er:LiNbO3–waveguide laser with acoustical waveguide structure by Ti-indif- The tunable laser has been pumped using (green, TE-polarized) and without (blue, TM- fused boundaries (indicated by blue colour). a pigtailed diode laser of about 1480 nm polarized) frequency shift compensation. The pump power was 130 mW (TM-polarized), the The optical cavity consists of dielectric mir- wavelength. For TM-polarized pumping a resolution bandwidth of the optical spectrum rors. They were deposited onto the polished threshold of about 45 mW has been mea- analyzer was 10 pm endfaces of both waveguides on the right sured. With an incident pump power of hand side of the sample. On the left hand 135 mW a tuning range of 47 nm has been side they were deposited selectively on one obtained by changing the acoustic frequen- endface. The other endface was AR-coated cy. The corresponding tuning slope was Contact: to allow efficient input coupling of the -8 nm/MHz. In Fig. 2 the emission spectra Selim Reza pump radiation. Acoustooptically tunable with and without frequency shift compen- Email: [email protected] wavelength filtering is achieved by wave- sation are shown. With frequency shift Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 22 96 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 34 22 length selective TE-TM-mode conversion in compensation a spectral linewidth of 12 pm combination with polarization filtering (FWHM) at a resolution bandwidth of the http://wwwhni.upb.de/ap/ HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:38 Uhr Seite 74
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PhilosophyPhilosophy of Science of Science and Technologyand Technology
The seven liberal arts from the Hortus deliciarum by the abbess Herrad von Landsberg (1170)
Reflection on Science and Technology Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus Philosophical reflection on science and technology enlightens the foundations and conditions of scientific and technical action, it provides orientation on the methods and aims of these activities and supports its responsible use.
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Philosophy of Science and Technology 75
In the wide field of reflection on science The Database for the History of Logic and technology, the team is above all is an important tool for this research. This devoted to the logical and cognitive condi- bio-bibliographical archive with collection tions of knowledge and scientific action. of portraits is being built up in Paderborn The recent history of logic is one focus of and open for all researchers interested in research. It is aimed at a reconstruction of the history of logic. the development and differentiation of this Another main focus lies in the field of basic discipline of philosophy, leading to philosophy of Cognitive Science. Here, the Mathematical Logic and Proof Theory as question of how we gain knowledge of mathematical subdisciplines and to Theo- other people’s minds is addressed from a retical Computer Science. This is seen in the philosophical perspective as well as from context of a dialogue between philosophy the perspective of cognitive neuroscience. and mathematics. The discussion on logic Research is aimed at a neurophenomeno- among the mathematicians of the 19th and logical theory of the basis of social cogni- early 20th century can be regarded as an tion and human self-consciousness. The expression of attempts to overcome foun- main hypothesis is that the development dational problems having emerged in of individual human self-consciousness is mathematical practise. The mathematicians dependent on the dynamic interactions could not expect much support in these with other humans, mediated by empathy. attempts by academic philosophers of that In teaching, the specific philosophical time. Founding mathematics with the help way of asking questions and discussing of a revised logic served therefore not really solutions is conveyed. The topical focus is a philosophical interest, but above all the in theoretical philosophy, especially philos- pragmatic interest to allow the mathemati- ophy of science, epistemology and the phi- cian an unrestricted working in his very losophy of technology. An essential task is special field of competence. to establish new courses, especially Practi- Modern axiomatics, initiated by the cal Philosophy in teachers education and Göttingen mathematician David Hilbert participation in the B.A. programme in Cul- (1862-1943), can be interpreted in the tural Sciences. same sense. Hilbert’s foundational research Peckhaus, V.: Hilbertprogramm und was quickly combined with logical consid- Kritische Philosophie, Göttingen: erations. A biography of Ernst Zermelo Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1990 (1871-1953), Hilbert’s first collaborator in foundational issues and creator of axioma- tized set theory, is going to be completed at the chair.
Peckhaus, V.: Logik, Mathesis universalis und allgemeine Wissenschaft, Berlin: Akademie Verlag 1997 HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:38 Uhr Seite 76
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Formal Languages as Universal Languages and the Origins of Modern Logic
In 1967 Jean van Heijenoort introduced an Therefore it seems to be necessary to influential distinction of types of logic: he classify historically given formal languages opposed logic as calculus and logic as lan- in respect to their universal features. Lan- guage. Later this distinction was modified guages with external semantics should not by Jaakko Hintikka and Martin Kusch by be excluded in advance. This becomes evi- opposing language as calculus and lan- dent regarding Leibniz’s characteristica uni- guage as universal medium. Both sugges- versalis, that didn’t aim exclusively at a tions agree in granting universality only to one-to-one correspondence between simple the second variation. This is justified with concepts and signs (this would have lead to the different roles of semantics in these a categorical system). Leibniz also aimed at systems. In the logical calculus, e.g., in sys- keeping the list of simple concepts as small tems of the algebra of logic, semantics is as possible in order to make the system external, i.e., the systems have to be inter- suitable for practical tasks. Leibniz not only preted. In this resprect Hintikka speaks of a wanted to construct a (in fact utopian) model-theoretic standpoint. On the other philosophical or rational language which hand, in logical systems serving as universal could provide all possible truths, but also a media like Frege’s Begriffsschrift semantics system of operation types which could be is internal. These systems are languages used to handle actual problems. And this Leibniz’s sketch of a medal for presenting his without interpretation, they do not even system was similar to algebraic systems binary number system. The image of creation: allow interpretations. with external semantics. “Omnibus ex nihilo ducendis sufficit unum” (“In order to derive everything from nothing, Van Heijenoort and Hintikka arrived at the single is enough”) their distinctions by induction from the his- tory of logic. Nowadays they are more and more taken as criteria for evaluating logical systems present in history. Their historical starting point was Gottlob Frege’s rejoinder to the criticism of the algebraist of logic Ernst Schröder against his Begriffsschrift (1879). Both, Frege and Schröder refer to the distinction, attributed to Leibniz, between lingua characteristica und calculus ratiocinator. Both claim mutually that the other had neglected the aspect of a univer- sal language in his system by stressing the calculus aspects. This indicates that the dis- tinctions by van Heijenoort and Hintikka are
not only based on a short reading of the Logical addition and logical multiplication. historical discussions, but that they are also E. Schröder: Der Operationskreis des Logikkalkuls, highly problematic in systematical respects. Leipzig 1877, p. 6 They restrict the concept of language in such a way that universal aspects of formal calculi get out of sight.
Contact: Prof. Dr. Volker Peckhaus Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 24 11 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 37 44 G. Frege: Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, Vol. 1, http://www-fakkw.upb.de/institute/philosophie/ Jena 1893, §47 HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:38 Uhr Seite 77
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Self-Other Co-determination
When a mother smiles at her two month The aim of the project is to develop a old child, the child will smile back. In the theory of how these internal representa- cinema, when Arnold Schwarzenegger is tions of intentions and emotions participate falling out of the window from the third in the generation of conscious experience. level of a hotel, the audience will shrug It will be argued that consciousness is best and utter “Ouch, that hurts”. From the first understood as a representational process by days of our life, we are always surrounded which information is made globally avail- by and engage in interactions with other able for further processing, thus generating humans. The question arises of how we a phenomenal model of the world, the know when somebody is happy, or is hav- organism itself, and the relation of the two ing pain? How can we explain that an (cf. Metzinger, 2003). infant, who never saw herself in a mirror, Furthermore, we suggest to differentiate responds with a smile to the smile of her between different types of conscious (phe- mother? More generally: How do we know nomenal and intentional) content that co- about the emotions and intentions of other vary with different levels of empathic abili- living beings? ties, arguing that, in standard configura- In 1903, Theodor Lipps introduced the tions, social interaction is a necessary con- notion of empathy into the systematic dition for the development of human self- research on our knowledge of the mental consciousness. life of others. Only recently, empathy gained more attention in consciousness studies. We now have a better understand- ing of the underlying mechanisms of our empathic abilities (cf. Stamenov et al. 2002; Adolphs 2003). The results of studies on the perception of emotions and actions suggest that there exist matching systems in the human brain for emotional experience/per- ception and action execution/observation. Brain activation in individuals who perceive It has become an empirically plausible other persons hand-movements. Rizzolatti, hypothesis that perceiving somebody else Fogassi & Gallese 2001 executing an action triggers activation of our own motor representations and associ- ated somatic responses. In turn, perception of emotions in others triggers responses in somatosensory cortices that correspond to the way activations would occur if the observer would feel the same.
Brain activation in individuals who perceive other persons in painful situations. Jean Decety 2003
Contact: Marcello Ghin, M.A. Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 23 13 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 37 44
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78 Workgroup Cognitive Psychology Cognitive Psychology Graphic: R. Zinkhöfer Graphic:
Text taken from: Friedrich von Schiller – Why and for what reason does one study universal history? Inaugural lecture at the University of Jena 1789.
Thinking and Language Prof. Dr. phil. hist. Manfred Wettler Knowledge only becomes useful when it can be accessed in a flexible manner that meets the needs at hand. A prereq- uisite for the development of computer programs that can achieve this is knowledge about both human information processing mechanisms and our ability to understand natural languages. This is the focus of the research group in Cogni- tive Psychology.
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Cognitive Psychology 79
Hybrid Models for the Description The Simulation of Associative and Simulation of Cognitive and Processes Linguistic Processes From the statistical analysis of large With the help of trainable associative net- machine-readable corpora, the commu- works, various cognitive and linguistic abil- nicative effect of texts can be predicted. ities can be simulated. Previously, the attempt had been made (with little suc- The Computational Syntactic cess) to explain how these abilities arise Analysis of Natural Languages in terms of symbolic, rule-based processes. The aim of this project is the creation of Examples of such abilities include the dis- programs, which are capable of determin- ambiguation of words with multiple mean- ing the structure of arbitrary sentences, ings through the use of context, the pro- even those with complex embedding. duction of free associations in response to given words and sentences, decision-mak- Frequency Estimates ing under uncertainty and the learning of Intuitive estimates of the frequency of complex facts and interrelations. event classes determines political, econom- Nevertheless, the range of potential ic and private decisions. Which systematic applications for these models remains lim- errors do we succumb to and how can they ited due to the fact that they cannot take be prevented? into account the serial nature of language and thinking. To solve this problem, we are Tutorial Systems developing hybrid models in which the Effective CAI-Programs make use of knowl- interaction of simultaneously operating edge about the problem representation and modules can be described. These models learning mechanisms of the user. are being used for the solution of problems Psychology can only be studied as a in computational linguistics, the prediction minor subject in Paderborn. Our course of the communicative effect of advertising offering provides students from the Arts, texts and the development of tutorial sys- Science and Engineering faculties with a tems. systematic introduction to Cognitive Psy- chology and related fields such as Cogni- Research and Practical Application tive Science, Computational Linguistics and Although the results of our research have Artificial Intelligence. Our courses are been successfully applied in various practi- attended by interested research students cal domains, these practical applications from all disciplines. are not the primary goal of our research. As a university institute, it is our responsi- bility to develop knowledge fundamentals. The future competitiveness of local indus- try will be highly dependent on institutes of higher education continuing to carry out basic research and train researchers with the theoretical and methodological knowledge that is also necessary for applied research. In the period covered by this report, the research group in Cognitive Psychology was working on the following projects: HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:38 Uhr Seite 80
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Language Hybrid Systems for the Simulation of Linguistic Processes
The longterm goal of our psycholinguistic 2. The automatic identification of simi- and computer linguistic research is to cre- larity and cohesion between concepts. ate a system via which natural language For this purpose we are making use of questions about the content of any stored auto-associative networks. These are text can be answered. To achieve this, two trained using large machine-readable cor- problems, among others, must be solved. pora. Among other functions they can be used to assign polysemous words to their 1. The identification of the sentence respective correct meanings on the basis of structure of simple and compound sen- context, to identify the referents of pro- tences in German. nouns and to predict the communicative In general, this problem is dealt with by effect of texts. The networks we are devel- tackling a small but linguistically interest- oping are being used in marketing, to solve ing subset of the overall potential sentence information retrieval problems and in lin- constructions. In this respect, we are fol- guistic data processing. During the period lowing a ”solid” approach: the program covered by this report we developed and should be able to analyse any text, even if implemented new and efficient algorithms this means foregoing a thorough linguistic for the training of associative conceptual analysis. With the programs that were networks and tested these empirically. developed during the period covered by Moreover, we increased our collection of this report, it is possible to identify the machine-readable texts considerably, and main verb in any main clause and to break now have at our disposal what is, to our down multiple embedded sentence con- knowledge, the largest corpus of German Sedlmeier, Peter; Betsch, Tilmann: structions into their constituent parts. language texts. etc. frequency processing and cognition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002
Contact: Prof. Dr. Manfred Wettler Email: [email protected] Associative structure of the concept ”coffee” Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 29 00 (below left) of a positioning (centre) and a treatment Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 35 28 (above left). For learning the associative connections, machine-readable texts consisting of 300 million http://www-psycho.upb.de/zinki/psychologie.html words in total were used. HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:38 Uhr Seite 81
Cognitive Psychology 81
Thinking and Decision Making Frequency Processing
Which cause of death is more common: Where do decisions come from? stomach cancer or road accidents? Most In economics decisions are explained as people incorrectly presume road accidents outcomes of rational thinking: A person – why? Because they are more frequently who has to come to a decision assesses the confronted with information about road probabilities and the importance of all pos- accidents than with similar reports about sible consequences and compares the stomach cancer. The processing of frequen- expected utilities of the different alterna- cies of occurrence is the basis for many tives. Experiments of Kahnemann, this judgement and decision processes and year's Nobel prize winner for economics, plays a decisive role in the learning of cat- have shown that frequently decisions do egories and causal relationships. In the cur- not correspond to this theory. We develop rent DFG-Project a central aspect of the models which explain decisions as the processing of frequencies is being exam- result of associative learning (the rat ined in more detail: How can frequency ”decides” whether to go to the left or to estimates be systematically influenced? the right in the T-maze). By means of com- Sedlmeier, Peter: Admittedly, there are numerous findings puter simulations we generate and test Improving statistical reasoning: theoretical models and practical implications. indicating that such influence is possible, predictions which different models of London: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1999 however, up till now the studies have been learning make about decisions in experi- rather unsystematic, and the explanations mental settings. for the observed effects are often of a post-hoc nature. Our theoretical basis is a self-developed hybrid model consisting of a neural network and a production system that is based on the theory of associative learning. This model gives predictions about when frequency of occurrence esti- mates are distorted and when they are in accordance with actual facts. Three major influences that can distort frequency of occurrence estimates are currently being examined in greater detail: the impact of prior knowledge, the role of attention- directing processes during the encoding of information and the influence of additional Sedlmeier, Peter; Köhlers, Detlef: information. In the period covered by this Wahrscheinlichkeiten im Alltag. Westermann, 2001 report we carried out a series of experi- ments in which such predictions were suc- cessfully tested. The general goal is to cre- ate a precise, integrative process-model of how frequency of occurrence estimates arise. A model of this type could be used for the prevention of judgemental errors, which play an important role in economic and political but also everyday decisions.
Contact: Prof. Dr. Peter Sedlmeier Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 371|531 64 31 Fax: +49 (0) 371|531 64 10 HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:39 Uhr Seite 82
82 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Computer Operation ComputerActivities Operation Activities
Network strategies Dipl.-Ing. Christopher Odenbach The world-wide internet is evolving more and more into a market place for viruses and other malicious contemporaries, which can cause immense damage: File loss, industrial espi- onage, abuse of personal computers for distributed attacks on other computer systems are becoming rather more com- mon than exceptional these days. The security of the net- works and computer workplaces is therefore a central topic of the HNI Computer Operation.
http://wwwhni.upb.de/rb/ HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:39 Uhr Seite 83
Computer Operation Activities 83
The immediate activities of the Computer E-Mail Scanner UNIX Operating Systems Operation team include central user admin- Apart from the danger from mail viruses a Our Solaris computers are meanwhile all istration, maintenance and updating of completely different risk now threatens the running under Solaris 8, which substan- mail, web and file servers, data backup, the computer user: Drowning in unsolicited tially simplifies the administration, since provision of print services, the installation advertising email. The volume of these mails there is no longer the need to maintain of standard software environments for Win- (so-called spam) has already clearly exceed- and supply patches for different archi- dows and UNIX as well as ensuring the ed the volume of actually desired commu- tectures. With our Linux computers we security of the network and the programs nication this year. Since effective spam fil- are currently going through a migration being used. Since this year these tasks have tering is a quite intensive task in comput- from SuSE Linux to Debian Linux. This been augmented by the maintenance and ing, the mail server was transferred again to distribution has some advantages con- servicing of the central firewall. a machine with higher performance hard- cerning maintenance - all programs are The HNI user database contains some ware. Now we are able to mark a majority continuously supported and updated to 650 people, including all employees and of spam already at the post office entrance. the newest or most stable version. students. Thanks to centralized domain Our users can then decide whether they administration, all users can log on to any want to trust our filter or prefer to sort for computer in any of the supported work- themselves. groups and always find the same environ- ment. Webserver The data backup, which backs up all Dynamically created contents are a must workgroup data every day, now handles a for web servers nowadays, but these clearly total of about 650 GB, and this trend is need more arithmetic performance than increasing. static pages. In order to meet these in- creesed performance requirements, the Firewall HNI web server was transferred to a new The largest change this year no doubt was machine running under Linux. This comput- the productive start-up of our firewall. By er hosts 37 domains at present. assigning private IP addresses to the com- puter workplaces these are substantially Windows 2000 Domain better protected against attacks from out- A further important conversion in the year side. All in- and outbound connections 2003 was the transfer of the Windows must obey now certain rules, in order to be domain from NT 4.0 to Windows 2000 accepted. These rules have been selected in Server and the associated introduction of such a way that desired data traffic is the Microsoft Active Directory. Since several impaired as little as possible, but unwanted working groups wanted to use this directory as strongly as possible. A first success of service for further applications, this task this firewall was already visible a short had become necessary. However, another while after start-up: The MSBlast worm, problem was the announced withdrawal which spread directly through the network, of support for NT 4.0 by Microsoft. hardly caused us any harm at all. Most computer workplaces already run under Windows 2000; only some older pool computers still run under NT 4.0. With the expected new computers from an HNI appropriation request we will introduce Windows XP, so NT 4.0 will finally belong to the past. HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:39 Uhr Seite 84
84 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2003 HNI_2003_GB_16_85 26.02.2004 10:39 Uhr Seite 85
Additional Activities 85 Additional AdditionalActivities Activities
• Publications
• Fairs/Conferences/Seminars
• Patents
• Prizes/Awards
• Additional Functions
• Spin-Offs
• Current Research Projects
• Current Industry Co-operations
• Scientific Co-operations HNI_2003_GB_86_104 26.02.2004 10:43 Uhr Seite 86
86 Workgroups
Workgroup Business Computing, especially CIM Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier
Franke, H.; Dangelmaier, W.; Szegunis, J.; Lessing, H.: Publications WWW-Based Multi-Agent System for Transportation Fairs/Conferences/Seminars Dangelmaier, W.; Franke, H.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.: Management. Information Technologies in Environ- 5. Paderborner Frühjahrstagung –Innovations Dezentrale intelligente Multiagentensysteme zur Pla- mental Engineering (ITEE2033), 24-27 June 2003. in e-Business nung und Steuerung der Supply Chain, ZWF 97 On April 10, 2003 the 5th “Paderborner Frühjahrsta- (2002) 12, S. 640-643. Dangelmaier, W.; Franke, H.; Scheideler, P.: A Parallel gung“ with more than 250 participants took place at Procedure for a Distributed Logistices Scheduling. In the Heinz Nixdorf Institute of the University of Dangelmaier, W.; Franke, H.; Gajewski, T.; Pape, U.: Proceedings of Indu-strial Simulation Conference Paderborn. Having considered the entire E-Business- Decentralized transport control 3rd International 2003 (ISC-2003), pages 233-237. EUROSIS, 9-11 June model from all disciplines (Business Computing, Busi- NAISO Symposium on Engineering of Intelligent Sys- 2003. ness Studies, Economies,..) in the last year, this year a tems. 1000300-04-HF-025. Malaga 2002. special focus lay at “Innovations in e-Business”. For Dangelmaier, W.; Fanke, H.; Kösters, Chr.; Toth, M.: example the continuous change of the business Dangelmaier, W.; Franke, H.; Mueck, B.; Pape, U.: A Modellvisualisierung als Grundlage für die Simulation processes within and in between the electronic mar- Hierarchical Agent Achitecture for Transport Control. von Logistikprozessen in VR. 2. Paderborner Workshop kets was discussed, just as the basic principles for the Workshop Agent - Based Simulation 3. Passau 2002. Augmented & Virtual Realitiy in der Produktentste- construction of efficient e-commerce markets. A con- hung, Tagungsband S. 129-140, 4-5 June 2003, sistent Knowledge Management pushs the conse- Franke, H.; Dangelmaier, W.; Rüther, M.; Pape, U.: An Paderborn: Heinz Nixdorf Institut 2003. quent integration of companies in growing Supply- intelligent Agent-Based Model for Traffic-Disposition. Nets through new logistic methods. Proceedings of SCI Orlando 17 July 2002. Dangelmaier, W.; Uebel, M.; Helmke, St.; Spindler, Th.: Immer am Ball bleiben. Service Level Agreements als Dangelmaier, W.; Franke, H.; Pape, U.: A Multi-Agent- Instrument zur Qualitätssiche-rung beim Outsourcing Prizes/Awards Concept in Supply Chain Management. IMLF Interna- von Kundenleistungen. MM Maschinenmarkt 109 “Grüderwettbewerb StartUP“ of the region tional Manufacturing Leaders Forum 2002. Tagungs- (2003) 28, S. 36-38. “Westfahlen-Lippe“ band S.246-250. Adelaide 2002. Dangelmaier, W.: Produktionsmanagement. In: Dangelmaier, W.: Wettbewerbsstärke durch effektives Deutscher Manager-Verband e. V. (Hrsg.): Die Zukunft Additional Functions und effizientes Supply Chain Management. In: Heinz des Mangements. Perspektiven für die · Management of the Fraunhofer-Anwendungszen- Nixdorf Museumsforum (HNF) (Hrsg.):Tagung “E-Busi- Unternehmensführung. S. 323-330. Zürich: vdf trums für Logistikorientierte Betriebswirtschaft (ALB) ness - Erfolgsmodelle für den Mittelstand“. 18. Febru- Hochschulverlag 2002. · Member of advisory committee of Cartec Lippstadt ar 2003. Tagungsband. S. 23-42. Paderborn: HNF · Member of advisory committee of CentConsult 2003. Dangelmaier, W.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.: Ein dezentrales Pro.X GmbH Planungs- und Steuerungssystem für die Supply · Member of advisory committee of Paderborner Dangelmaier, W.: Customer Relationship Management Chain. In: Hormer, R. (Hrsg.): Logistikjahrbuch 2003. S. Center for Parallel Computing (PC2) - Strategie/Entwicklungsstand im Maschinenbau. In: 70-75. Düsseldorf: Handelsblatt Verlag 2003. · Member of advisory committee of Bundesverbandes Involva (Hrsg.): Branchenforum für den Maschinen- Logistik (BVL) bau in OWL. 20. Februar 2003. Tagungsunterlagen (als Dangelmaier, W.: E-Business: Trends und Best-Prac- · Head of Competence Center PPS-SCM-Systeme, CD). Hillefeld: Involva 2003. tices - Eine Wertung, In: Dangelmaier, W.; Gajewski, EAI-Systeme, Elektronische Marktplätze sowie T.; Kösters, Chr. (Hrsg.): Innovationen im E-Business. S. CAS-CRm-Systeme der NetSkill AG Dangelmaier, W.; Emmrich, A.: Dienstleistungen sys- 9-18. 5. Paderborner Frühjahrstagung. HNI-ALB-Ver- tematisch abwickeln. Produktorientierte Dienstleis- lagsschriftenreihe, Bd. 10. Paderborn: Fraunhofer tung. Wissen-schaftsmanagement 9 (2003) 1, S. 24- Anwendungszentrum für Logistikorientierte Betrieb- Spin-Offs 29. swirtschaft 2003. Dr. Ketterer Dr. Ketterer deals with the development, construc- Dangelmaier, W.; Emmrich, A.; Ihnen, F.; Rogaischus, Dangelmaier, W.; Emmrich, A.: Produktorientierte tion, and introduction of branch solutions, especially A.: Dienstleistungen in der Automobil-Zulieferindus- Dienstleistungsentwicklung. In: Dangelmaier, W.; in co-operation with leading EDP and software pro- trie - Status Quo und Potentiale. Ergebnisse einer Gajewski, T.; Kösters, Chr. (Hrsg.): Innovationen im E- ducers. At that he draws on detailed SAP-experience. Fallstudienanalyse in der Automobil-Zulieferindustrie. Business, S. 497-504. 5. Paderborner Frühjahrstagung. Service Today 17 (2003) 2, S. 5-10. HNI-ALB-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Bd. 10. Paderborn: Fraunhofer Center for Logistic-orientated Fraunhofer Anwendungszentrum für Logistikorien- business management (ALB) Dangelmaier, W.; Molter, H.-J.:Dezentrale Multiagen- tierte Betriebswirtschaft 2003. The ALB is concerned with all technological business tensysteme zur Supply Chain Planung und - issues that occur with the creation and implementa- Steuerung. In: Walther, J. (Hrsg.): Integriertes Supply Dangelmaier, W.; Helmke, St.; Uebel, M.: Instrumente tion of in-house and corporate production and logis- Network Management Industrieforum Wolfsburg des Kundenmanagements. In: Horn, Ch.; Köhnel, B.; tics processes, and that can be solved by dint of inno- 2003. Tagungsband. Wolfsburg IPM Institut für Pro- Ried, Ch. (Hrsg.): CRM im Mittelstand. Was Experten vative information technology. duktionsmanagement Innovationscampus 2003. bei der CRM-Einführung empfehlen. S. 65-75. ISBN 3-00-010892-0. NetSkill AG Dangelmaier, W.:Produktions- und Lieferprozesse The Net-Skill Inc. manages and markets competence erfolgreich gestalten. In: Mehr Erfolg im Mittelstand! Dangelmaier, W.:Produktion und Information, System site, a coaching network for managers. It provides 14. mai 2003. Fujitsu Siemens Customer Conference. und Modell. Berlin: Springer 2003. reasonable prepared practice-tips, studies, articles, Tagungsband Paderborn: Interconomy AG 2003. and guidelines from highly qualified experts from the Dangelmaier, W.; Gajewski, T.; Kösters, Chr. (Hrsg.): fields of management, business systems, and law. Dangelmaier, W.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.: Unternehmen- Innovationen im E-Business. 5. Paderborner Früh- sübergreifende Optimierung am Beispiel des Beschaf- jahrstagung. HNI-ALB-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Bd. 10. Pro.X GmbH fungsprozesses für Sekundärbedarfe, IM Information- Paderborn: Fraunhofer-Anwendungszentrum für The Pro.X Ltd offers competent advise and applica- smanagement & Consulting 18 (2003) 2, S. 58-62 Logistikori-entierte Betriebswirtschaft 2003. tion-support in the sector of process optimizing in trade and industry. Starting from the process of Franke, H.; Dangelmaier, W.; Scheideler, P.: Combined Helmke, St.; Uebel, M.; Dangelmaier, W. (Hrsg.): Effek- service production an optimal workflow organization parallel and agent-based methods in distributed tives Customer Relationship Management. Instru- is developed which functions as an widespread re- logistics networks. Concurrent Engineering 2003, mente - Einführungskonzepte - Organisation. 3. organization concept and which can come up to Madeira, Portugal, 26-30 July 2003. Auflage. Wiesbaden: Gabler 2003. the replacement of a PPS-system.
Franke, H.; Dangelmaier, W.: Decentralized manage- ment for transportation-logistics: A multi agent based approach. Integrated Computer-Aided Engi- neering, 10 (2) 203-210, 2003. HNI_2003_GB_86_104 26.02.2004 10:43 Uhr Seite 87
Additional Activities 87
entrice GmbH NRW-Graduate-School Cent Consult AG The entice GmbH supports its customers in the devel- “Graduate School of Dynamic Intelligent Systems“ Objective of the cooperation is the mutual penetra- opment of individual software solutions from appli- tion of the production economy with regards to cation hosting in its own computer center to the Interdisciplinary cooperation project: intelligent information systems. implementation of own software projects. Further- Neue Bahntechnik Paderborn NBP more special seminars are offered in the areas e-busi- Here the project group develops among other things PRO.X IntellSpace ness and mobility. an agent-based, absolutely distributed operational Subject of the cooperation is the development of a concept for an objective-adjusted traffic. specification-tool which allows for the generation of IPT Software GmbH production- and production-controlling systems on During the last years IPT developed in cooperation EEE.con: an economically high level even for middleclass busi- with industry and science special methods to meet Effectiveness and efficiency in e-commerce-networks nesses. the requirements for quality and productivity in the The objective of this project is to develop a continu- highly automated manufacturing processes. In addi- ous modeling platform for the planning and creation Degussa AG tion to new software products IPT’s work contains of economic circumstances in connection with ecom- · DSS: Design and development of a Decision Support consulting, guidance and individual support at the merce. System for optimisation und simulation of transport customer. chains · FIST: Design, development and introduction of a Current Industry Co-operations freight-charge-information-system Development of Current Research Projects Deutsche Post AG a location-information-system for storehouses and BMBF: · Projection of transport requirements in the long- distributors CoagenS – Adaptive production networks in series distance traffic of Deutsche Post AG; Development manufacturing and Implementation of an Excel-tool which fore- CoagenS is meant to support production planning casts the amount of traffic; Scientific Co-operations and controlling in production networks via multi- · maintenance and further development of the Excel- Helwan University Cairo, Egypt agent-systems to provide significantly improved tool which forecasts the amount of traffic for the Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Osman results compared to PPS- and SCM-systems stationary use employed today. CoagenS unifies industrial enterpris- · VMP-specification as well as maintenance of the es as users, software-houses as product developers tool and user-support and the HNI as their universitary partner. · ProTrans: development and implementation of a software tool for the prognosis-supported planning PoDLE – Product-oriented service development: of transport requirements Classification and systematic support Within this project product-oriented services should Pavone AG be developed and generated systematically in order Creation of business processes in the context of to enlarge business volume and/or be able to better client-server surroundings; Specifications SCM-sys- serve the customers on one hand, while replenishing tems; Development of a concept for a further devel- unused capacities, which tend to get bigger and big- oped expert-engine ger, through services on the other hand. BWM Werk Leipzig BMWI: Cooperation with the “Digitale Fabrik Werk Leipzig“ EDISON – intelligent energy distribution networks by (digital factory plant Leipzig) of the BMW Group employment of innovative, decentralized producer-, storage-, information- and communication-systems. Volkswagen Our task within this project carried out in coopera- Design of arrival and production line of the plant tion with Stadtwerke Karlsruhe is the conception of Salzgitter novel business models for innovative, intelligent energy distribution networks. IBM Deutschland GmbH Groupware Competence Center – Professional Service DFG: · Special field of investigation 376 “Massive Paral- Deutsche Bank lelität, Algorithmen, Entwurfsmethoden, Anwendun- Groupware Competence Center Bank: Analysis, gen” (Massive parallelism, algorithms, layout-meth- design, conceptualisation of solutions and human ods, applications), sub-project C2 “Echtzeitnahe, resource development for groupware-applications in hierarchische Planung und Steuerung vernetzter the bank sector Produktionssysteme“ (hierarchical planning and con- trol of networking production systems close to real- Continental Teves AG & Co oHG: time) Expansion of production planning and –monitoring · DFG-emphasis program: “Modellierung der Produk- with OOPUS-DPS for all European sites tion” (Modelling of the production). Project: “Simu- lation von Produktionsabläufen und deren situation- Bombardier Transportation (Signal) Germany GmbH sabhängige Detaillierung vor dem Hintergrund der Objective of the cooperation is the conception of Nutzung einer virtuellen Umgebung” (Simulation of new operational concepts and the development of production processes and their detailing dependent supporting tools on the situation against the background of the use of a virtual surrounding) Siemens AG · Special field of investigation 614 “Selbstopti- Objective of the cooperation is the creation of a sys- mierende Syseme des Maschinenbaus” (self-optimiz- tem for the order processing in the service sector ing systems of engineering) · Project: “Rechnerunterstützte Konstruktion von Sys- Siemens Dematic temen zur Lenkung der Fertigung” (computer-aided Method development for improving software engi- construction of systems for the monitoring of the neering for warehouse-management-systems manufacture) · Project: “Benutzerunterstützte Analyse von Materi- Knorr Bremse AG: alflusssimulationen in virtuellen Umgebungen“ Intention of the cooperation is the enhancement of (computer-aided analysis of material-flow-simula- Knorr’s AG’s delivery reliability to 95% tion in virtual environments) HNI_2003_GB_86_104 26.02.2004 10:43 Uhr Seite 88
88 Workgroups
Workgroup Computer Integrated Manufacturing Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier
tronic systems. Proceedings ICOM 2003, International industry for exchanging and discussing current Publications Conference on Mechatronics. Loughborough Universi- results in relation to basic principles and applications Gausemeier, J.; Fründ, J.; Matysczok, C.; Brüderlin, B.; ty, Great Britain, 19./20. Juni 2003 of VR/AR technology. June 4 and 5, 2003, Heinz Nix- Beier, D.: Development of a Real Time Image Based dorf MuseumsForum, Paderborn Object Recognition Method for Mobile AR-Devices. Gausemeier, J.; Fründ, J.; Matysczok, C.; Mnich, G.; Proceedings AFRIGRAPH 2003, 2nd International von Fircks, A.: AR-based Configuration and Informa- 3rd Innovation Workshop – Strategic Product Conference on Computer Graphics, Virtual Reality, tion Retrieval of Household Aplliances on Mobile Planning Visualisation and Interaction in Africa. Cape Town, Devices. Proceedings of CHINZ’03, 4th Annual Con- Second innovation workshop on strategic product South Africa, February 03 - 05, 2003 ference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Com- planning – Getting to know and use methods. Con- puter-Human Interaction New Zealand Chapter. Uni- ference for key business figures and decision makers Gausemeier, J.: Strategische Unternehmensführung versity of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 3. - 4. July who are involved in forward-looking business man- mit Szenariomanagement. In: Neue Organisationsfor- 2003 agement – Overview of innovation processes, discus- men im Unternehmen. Ein Handbuch für das mod- sion of success stories and provision of a systematic erne Management. (Hrsg.: Bullinger, H.-J.; Warnecke, Gausemeier, J.; Möhringer, St.: New Guideline VDI insight into the methods and tools for strengthening H. J.; Westkämper, E.). Springer Verlag, 2003 2206 - A Flexible Procedure Mode for the Design of innovative drive in companies; January 21 to 22, Mechatronic Systems. Proceedings of ICED 03, 14th 2003, Glashuetten-Oberems Gausemeier, J.: Perspectives of Innovative Technolo- International Conference on Engineering Design. KTH, gies in Manufacturing. In: Manufacturing Technolo- Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, Workshop on Self-Optimisation and Adaptation gies for Machines of the Future. (Hrsg.: Dashchenko, August 19 -21 2003 A workshop for explorers and visionaries of industry, A.). Springer Verlag, 2003 who deal with intelligent systems and methods of Gausemeier, J.; Fründ, J.; Matysczok, C.; Radkowski, R.: self-optimisation. The ambition was the exchange Gausemeier, J.; Lückel, J.; Wallaschek, J (Hrsg.): Intelli- Application Areas of AR-Technology within Automo- and discussion of visions for intelligent systems of gente mechatronische Systeme . 1. Paderborner bile Advance Development. Proceedings of the Inter- mechanical engineering as well as trendsetting and Workshop Intelligente mechatronische Systeme. HNI- national Workshop on Potential Industrial Applica- innovative developments from research and industry. Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 122, Paderborn, 2003 tions of Mixed and Augmented Reality. The National The platform was thereby formed by the work of the Center of Sciences, Tokyo, Japan, 7th October 2003 Collaborative Research Center 614 “Self-Optimizing Gausemeier, J.; Möhringer, S.: Ein Vorgehensmodell Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering”. für den Entwurf mechatronischer Systeme. In: Gause- Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M.; Matysczok, C.; Radkowski, November 24 to 25, 2003 Heinz Nixdorf Institute, meier, J.; Lückel, J.; Wallaschek, J (Hrsg.): Intelligente R.: Optical Tracking Stabilization using Low-Pass Fil- Paderborn mechatronische Systeme. 1. Paderborner Workshop ters. Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Intelligente mechatronische Systeme. HNI-Verlagss- Augmented Reality Toolkit Workshop. Waseda Univer- chriftenreihe Band 122, Paderborn, 2003 sity, Tokyo, Japan, 7th October 2003 Prizes/Awards The laureate of the Research Award 2003 of Gausemeier, J.; Köckerling, M.: Systematisches Gausemeier, J.; Matysczok, C.; Radkowski, R.: AR- the Universität Paderborn Entwickeln der Wirkstruktur mechatronischer Sys- based Modular Construction System for Automible Jan Berssenbrügge and Thomas Sattel (section Wal- teme. In: Gausemeier, J.; Lückel, J.; Wallaschek, J Advance Development. Proceedings of the Second laschek) received the Research Award 2003 of the (Hrsg.): Intelligente mechatronische Systeme. 1. IEEE International Augmented Reality Toolkit Work- University Paderborn. They were awarded for their Paderborner Workshop Intelligente mechatronische shop. Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, 7th October research project "Development of interactive hierar- Systeme. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 122, Pader- 2003 chical vehicle models for a VR-based driving simula- born, 2003 tor to evaluate driver assistance systems." The award Gausemeier, J.; Schmidt, A.: Wirkprinzipien der Selb- is combined with a financial support of e31000 for Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M.; Fründ, J.; Matysczok, C.: stoptimierung. Proceedings of the 14. Symposium the research project. Möglichkeiten und Chancen der Technologie Aug- Design for X, Neukirchen, 13./14. Oktober 2003 mented Reality (AR) im Mobile Business. In: Inno- Burbidge Award For the Best Presentation vationen im E-Business (Hrsg.: Dangelmaier, W.; Gausemeier, J.: Strategische Produktplanung. In: 6. Carsten Matyscok received the “Burbidge Award For Gajewski, T., Kösters, C.). ALB-HNI-Verlagsschriften- WOIS Innovations Symposium, Professional Strategic the Best Presentation” at the IFIP WG 5.7 Working reihe Band 10, Paderborn, 2003 Innovation, Fachhochschule Coburg, 23./24. Oktober Conference 2003 “Human Aspects in Production 2003 Management” University of Karlsruhe, IFAB- Istitute. Gausemeier, J.: Neue Richtlinie VDI 2206 - Entwick- lungsmethodik für mechatronische Systeme. Forum Gausemeier, J.: Strategiekompetenz und Agilität - 2nd place Hella Award Mechatronik. Mechatronische Systeme für die Indus- Strategische Erfolgspositionen des Mittelstands. ZwF Matthias Köckerling reserved the 2nd place at the trie. VDMA Verlag GmbH, 2003 Jahrg. 98 (2003) 10 Hella Award to the topic:”Development of innovative principle – solutions for integrated pedestrian protec- Gausemeier, J.; Möhringer, S.: VDI-Richtlinien VDI tion in automotive fabrique. 2206 Entwicklungsmethodik für mechatronische Sys- Fairs/Conferences/Seminars teme (Gründruck). VDI-EKV, Düssseldorf, 2003 1st Paderborn Workshop „Intelligent Mechatronic Laureate of the Miele Award 2003 Systems“ Rafael Radkowski is the laureate of the Miele Award Gausemeier, J.: Möhringer, S.: Die neue Richtlinie VDI Workshop for specialists and executives from indus- 2003. Each year the Miele Award is given for out- 2206 - Entwicklungsmethodik für mechatronische try and research institutes, who work decisivly on standing achievements in the field of mechanical Systeme. Konstruktion Mai 5-2003 research and development in sphere of future engineering of the University of Paderborn and the mechanical engineering systems. A forum for discus- Miele & Cie.KG. Gausemeier, J.: Möhringer, S.: Die neue Richtlinie VDI sion and the exchange of experience is offered. The 2206 - Entwicklungsmethodik für mechatronische topics are new developments in sensor and actuators Systeme. 5. VDI-Mechatroniktagung 2003 Innovative technology, methods and software-tools for design, Additional Functions Produktentwicklung. VDI-Berichte 1753, VDI-Verlag application of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality, · Member of Board and General Manager of the sci- GmbH, Düsseldorf, 2003 capability of adaption and self-optimisation as well entific society ”Berliner Kreis – Wissenschaftliches as the support of interdisciplinary cooperation. Forum für Produktentwicklung e.V.” Gausemeier, J.; Berssenbrügge, J.; Grafe, M.; Matysc- March 20 to 21, 2003 Heinz Nixdorf Museums Forum, · Initiator and chairperson of the supervisory board of zok, C.; Pöhland, K.: Real-Time Representation of Paderborn. UNITY AG - public limited company involved in Complex Lighting Data in a Nightdrive Simulation. company management and information technology Proceedings IPT / EGVE 2003. Zurich, Switzerland, 2nd Paderborn Workshop on Augmented & Virtual · Member of supervisory board of Sterling SIHI GmbH May 22-23, 2003 Reality in Product Delevelopment · Member of the “Council of Technical Sciences of the Strategic focus of first Paderborn workshop on "Aug- Union of German Academies of Sciences and Gausemeier, J.; Köckerling, M.: Systematic support for mented & Virtual Reality in Product Development". Humanities (acatech) system integration in the development of mecha- Forum for developers and users from research and HNI_2003_GB_86_104 26.02.2004 10:43 Uhr Seite 89
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UNITY solutions AG WZM20XX- The initiative for the machine-tool of Spin-Offs UNITY solutions AG was founded as a subsidiary of tomorrow- Strategy, Transfer, Effect-Analysis FASTEC GmbH UNITY AG in 2001. The consultancy offer includes The aim of the concomitant plan to announce FASTEC GmbH, founded in 1995, focuses on material process organization and all information and com- Werkzeugmaschine 2010 of the federal ministry of handling automation, especially on conveyor controls, munication technology systems, which are currently research and development (BMBF) is the formulation manufacturing execution systems and integration in use and which will be used in the future in modern of a szenario-based instrument for strategy develop- services for assembly automation. Control solutions companies. UNITY solutions AG accompanies its cus- ment as sustainable base for the strategical design of realized by FASTEC are based on engineering tools tomers in the successful transition to a global infor- company strategies of small and medium machine designed by the company itself. These tools improve mation society. Source: http://www.unity-solutions.de tool developer and their medium-sized clients. The engineering efficiency and speed up the implementa- project is being accomplished in cooperation with the tion of custom specific applications due to features Fraunhofer-Institute for system development and like configuration instead of programming and virtual Current Research Projects innovation research. Supporting institution: BMBF commissioning. Customers are found in highly inno- AR-PDA - A digital assistant for VR/AR content. vative industries like electronic assembly, automotive The AR-PDA is a hardware and software system for and medical technology. Ultimate flexibility, reliability, mobile devices, such as mobile phones or PDAs, Current Industry Co-Operations process transparency and operator convenience are which uses augmented reality technology to support Opportunities and Limitations in Relation to the important features of these solutions. One highlight consumers when purchasing and using domestic Use of MID Technologies implemented in FASTEC's engineering workbench is appliances. Sponsoring institution: BMBF The aim is to produce a study on the topic of "Oppor- virtual commissioning based on a 3D- conveyor sys- tunities and limitations in relation to the use of MID tem model, including all sensor and actuators and SFB 614: Self-Optimizing Concept and Structure in technologies" based on a market and technology animated with the control software for the real PLC. Mechanical Engineering. analysis focusing on the German market in the last Thus FASTEC gets their customers faster to produc- The aim is to explore the basic principles and poten- ten and the next five years. Customer: Räumliche tion start. tial of self-optimization, to verify the results using a Elektronische Baugruppen 3-D MID e.V. (research Source: http://www.fastec.de demonstrator and to support development using a association for spatial (3D) electronic components) comprehensive development methodology. The facul- myview technologies GmbH & Co. KG ty plays a leading role in the following subprojects A Visit inside a Computer myview technologies GmbH & Co. KG, a spin-off of (SP): SP A2: Behaviour-based self-optimization; SP The aim is to design and implement a multimedia UNITY AG since 1999, specializes in effective product B2: Design methodology; SP B3: Virtual prototyping. VR-AR exhibit for explaining the operation of the information management in e-business. The myview Sponsoring institute: DFG computer and the Internet. Customer: Heinz Nixdorf product family offers cross-media publishing for MuseumsForum complex products and online information systems for ISILEIT project engineering and is a mature development Integrative specification of distributed control sys- Strategic Product Planning in the Area of Motive platform for information management on the Inter- tems for flexible automated manufacturing (ISILEIT). Power Engineering net. Source: http://www.myview.de (DFG-SPP "Integration of software specification tech- The aim is to implement the process of strategic niques for engineering sciences applications"). Spon- product planning in the company, to identify strate- Scenario Management International AG-ScMI AG soring institution: DFG gic business areas and to specify concrete product ScMI AG is a public limited company founded in development projects. Customer: companies in the 1998 for designing companies for the future and for INERLA electronics industry strategic company management. ScMI AG supports Integrative development of spatial electronic com- companies and organizations in aligning to market ponents (INERELA). The aim is to provide a suitable Workshop Daimler Chrysler- Scenario- Project and environment changes, in the development of environment for developing spatial electronic compo- “Workorganisation”. Within a Scenario- Project sce- visionary strategies as well as in the design and nents in selected product classes (internal connection narios were aquired for the development of labour- implementation of strategic management, innova- system, microsensor technique, electro-optical sys- politicsin Germany. tions and forecast processes. Source: tems). Sponsoring institution: BMBF Customer: DaimlerChrysler AG http://www.scmi.de Rail Cab SDG consulting AG New rail technology for Paderborn. The aim of the SDG consulting AG was founded in 2001 as a joint project is to develop a new type of rail system that venture between UNITY AG and SDG Holding, Italy. would unite modern travel way technology with the It designs and implements high-performance man- advantages of the Transrapid and the use of existing agement information systems and business intelli- rail lines. The activities focus on: development and gence solutions on the basis of multi-dimensional visualization of vehicle and railroad depot concepts. databases. Customers profit from reliable decisions Sponsoring institutions: State of North Rhine West- using optimally prepared information. phalia / University of Paderborn Source: http://www.sdg-ag.de Strategic product and process planning (SPP). UNITY AG SPP specifies the products and processes for the mar- UNITY AG was founded in 1995 as a public limited kets of tomorrow. The aim is to put small and medi- company for company management and information um-sized companies in a position to organize their technology. It develops strategies and processes for strategic planning efficiently and to integrate this industry for products that will capture the markets of area in the management process. Sponsoring institu- the future. UNITY AG specializes in forward-looking tion: BMBF topics such as product innovation, virtual product development and the digital factory. Source: Virtual Nightdriver. http://www.unity.de The aim is to visualize the light distribution from new headlamp prototypes in realtime and to evaluate the UNITY Egypt ltd. results in the context of a night journey on a virtual Consulting of national and international companies test route in the simulator. Sponsoring institution: und institutes in region of Middle East/North Africa Lichtlabor (LLAB), Hella Leuchten-Systeme GmbH with the complete tender of the UNITY-group. (HLS) Source: http://www.unity.ag HNI_2003_GB_86_104 26.02.2004 10:43 Uhr Seite 90
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Workgroup Computers and Society Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil-Slawik
Keil-Slawik, R.: Notebooks in der universitären Lehre. · Member of advisory committee Technologie- Publications In: Lernen mit Notebooks in Deutschland: Präsenta- Zentrum Informatik (Centre of Technology of Baumert J.; Meiners, F.: StarOffice 4 Kids – Mitwach- tion und Perspektiven. Begleitband zur Tagung Computer Science) in Bremen. sende Software für den Grundschulbereich. In: “Zukunftsorientiert Lernen”, 9.-10. September 2002. · Member of advisory committee IWF Wissen Szwillus, G., Ziegler, J.: (Hrsg.): Mensch & Computer Frankfurt am Main, Hrsg. Initiative D21 und Bundes- und Medien GmbH (IWF Knowledge and Media) 2003: Interaktion in Bewegung. Stuttgart: B.G. Teub- arbeitskreis Lernen mit Notebooks, 87-89. in Goettingen ner, 2003, 385-386. · Member of the panel of experts Virtuelle Keil-Slawik, R., Brennecke, A., Hohenhaus, M.: ISIS - Hochschule Baden-Württemberg (Virtual University Eßmann, B.; Hampel, T.: Human Computer Interaction Installationshandbuch für lernförderliche Infrastruk- Baden Wuerttemberg) and Cooperative Learning in Mobile Environments. In: turen. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Bd. 131, Paderborn: · Speaker of the IT Advisory Board of the University Harris, D., Duffy, V., Smith, M., Stephanidis, C.: Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Universität Paderborn, 2003. of Paderborn Human-Centred Computing – Cognitive, Social and · Member of research group Schule und Computer Ergonomic Aspects, Volume 3, Lawrence Erlbaum Keil-Slawik, R.; Kerres, M. (Hrsg.): Wirkungen und (Schools and Computers) in Paderborn Associates, Publishers, Mahwah, New Jersey, London, Wirksamkeit neuer Medien in der Bildung. Münster: · Member of the Jury for the Medida Prix 2003 2003, 694-698. Waxmann, 2003. · Member of the Jury ExaMediaNRW 2003
Geißler, S.: Sprachanalyse, Metadaten, Social Naviga- Keil-Slawik, R.; Matiaske, R.: Der Programmbereich tion – Semantik-Konzepte im Wandel. In: EMISA “Lernen im Netz und mit Multimedia.” In: Zwei Jahre Current Research Projects FORUM 23 (2) 2003, 19-24. “Lernkultur Kompetenzentwicklung” Inhalte – Ergeb- BID-OWL nisse – Perspektiven. QUEMreport Heft 79, Arbeitsge- “Bildung im Dialog - Ostwestfalen-Lippe” (BID-OWL) Hampel, T.: Our Experience With Web-Based Comput- meinschaft für betriebliche Weiterbildungsforschung, aims at the development of an internet-based work- er-Supported Cooperative Learning – Self-Adminis- Berlin, 2003, 255-291. ing environment for educational use. The platform tered Virtual Knowledge Spaces in Higher Education. supports cooperation between different schools with- In: Proc. of Site 2003 – Society for Information Tech- Keil-Slawik, R.: Prinzipien einer behutsamen Struktur- in the region and allows schools as well as companies nology and Teacher Education – International Con- erneuerung oder: Was man aus Misserfolgen lernen to efficiently manage their knowledge across local ference. Charlottesville (Va.), USA: Association for the kann. HIS-Kurzinformation Bau und Technik, B3 infrastructures. Advancement of Computing in Education 2003, /2003, 18-25. 1443-1450. ISIS – Implementation guide for learning-supportive infrastructures Hampel, T.; Bopp, T.: Combining Web-Based Docu- Fairs/Conferences/Seminars The goal of the project is the creation of a manual to ment Management and Event-Based Systems – Inte- CeBIT 2003 in Hannover help setting up local learning-supportive infrastruc- grating MUDs and MOOs With DMS to Form a Coop- Presentation of opensTeam at the booth “Forschungs- tures. It covers various aspects such as furniture, erative Knowledge Space. Fifth International Confer- land NRW” of the Ministry for School, Science and multimedia devices, presentation technology, net- ence on Enterprise Information Systems, April 23-26, Research of North Rhine-Westphalia. working, client server architectures, modular coopera- 2003, Angers, France, 219-223. tive course development and document management. Pike Conference 2003 in Paderborn (BMBF) Hampel, T.; Keil-Slawik, R.: Experience With Teaching The Pike Conference 2003 “Pike in Distributed Knowl- and Learning in Cooperative Knowledge Areas. Pro- edge Environments” was organized by the chair Lernstatt Paderborn ceedings of The Twelfth International World Wide “Computers and Society” at the University of Pader- Under direction of the city of Paderborn, a pervasive Web Conference, 20-24 May 2003, Budapest, Ungarn, born. The presentations dealt with sTeam-Server- sustainable infrastructure is established which brings veröffentlicht auf CD-ROM, 1-8. Technologies and showed the possibilities to use Pike computers and the internet into the classrooms of all as a programming language for distributed knowl- public schools in Paderborn. The research group Com- Hampel, T.; Eßmann, B.: Self-Administered Coopera- edge areas. puters and Society is part of the steering committee tive Knowledge Areas – Evaluation of the WWW and provides an innovative impetus with the StarOf- Interface in Terms of Software Ergonomics. In: Harris, fice 4 Kids project. D., Duffy, V., Smith, M., Stephanidis, C., Human-Cen- Additional Functions tred Computing – Cognitive, Social and Ergonomic · Chairman of Forum InformatikerInnen für Frieden Notebook University Aspects, Volume 3, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, und gesellschaftliche Verantwortung (FIfF e.V.) The project aims at providing a suitable infrastructure Publishers, Mahwah, New Jersey, London, 2003, 729- (Computer Professionals For Peace and Social which allows a university-wide use of computers and 733. Responsibility) especially notebooks in particular in every-day teach- · Member of board of trustees of the research pro- ing and learning in universities. The idea is to build a Keil-Slawik, R.: Bio-Informatik einmal anders. Zum gramme Lernkultur Kompetenzentwicklung (Culture service infrastructure where services provide Verhältnis von menschlicher Informationsverar- of Learning in the Development of Competence) resources independently from their hardware. beitung und maschineller Datenverarbeitung. In: FIfF- hosted by BMBF Kommunikation 20(1) 2003, 37-41. · President of advisory committee Lernen im Netz QuIC – Qualification in Internet-Cafés at schools und mit Multimedia (LiNe) (Learning with Internet The project combines new ways of using internet at Keil-Slawik, R.: Mediatronic: Convergent Technologies and Multimedia) hosted by BMBF school with new ways of educating girls and women. and Interdisciplinary Research. In: Proc. of int. conf. · Co-editor of the journal Erwägen Wissen Ethik “Tales of the Disappearing Computer”, ed. by A. (Deliberation Knowledge Ethics), previously Ethik SIMBA Kameas & N. Streitz, CTI Press, Ellinika Grammata, und Sozialwissenschaften (Ethics and Social Sci- The aim of the SIMBA project is to develop, evaluate Santorini, 1-4 June 2003, 315-325. ences) and provide fine-grained and exchangeable multime- · Scientific Director of the Education Quality Forum dia components by embedding them into key con- Keil-Slawik, R.: Technik als Denkzeug: Lerngewebe "NRW" cepts of computer science. The main emphasis in this und Bildungsinfrastrukturen. In: Keil-Slawik, R., Ker- · Scientific Director of the Sun Centre of Excellence project is on the consideration of specific learning res, M. (Hrsg.): Wirkungen und Wirksamkeit neuer for Learning Technology in Paderborn concerns of women and the cooperation with other Medien in der Bildung. Münster: Waxmann, 2003, 13- · Member of advisory committee Virtuelle Hochschule disciplines. 29. Baden-Württemberg (Virtual University of the Upper Rhine Valley) StarOffice 4 Kids Keil-Slawik, R.: Kontextuelle Informatik. In: · Member of competence network Universitätsver- This project involves the conception and realisation Oberquelle, H. (Hrsg.): Ehrendoktor Joseph Weizen- bund Multimedia - NRW (University Network Multi- of a network-centered software infrastructure for baum. Dokumentation des Festkolloquiums. Univer- media, North Rhine-Westphalia) students and teachers which allows documents and sität Hamburg, Fachbereich Informatik, FBI-HH-M- · Member of advisory committee Informatik (Com- applications to be maintained in a web-based envi- 322/03, 2003, 15-28. puter Science) of the Virtuelle Hochschule Bayern ronment. (Virtual University of Bavaria) HNI_2003_GB_86_104 26.02.2004 10:43 Uhr Seite 91
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opensTeam – Structuring information in a Team tions, applications, and documents are offered as Weidmüller-Stiftung opensTeam provides an opportunity for groups of stu- services. In cooperation with the district government in Det- dents and instructors to construct and arrange an mold, a new forum is under development for the individual and cooperative learning space. Sun Microsystems construction and presentation of educational proj- For the first time Sun Microsystems has established a ects. "Center of Excellence for Learning Technology" at the Current Industry Co-operations University of Paderborn. In this way Sun Microsys- Star Office Software Entwicklung GmbH/Kippdata tems honours the achievements of the working group Informationstechnologie GmbH: "Computer Science and Society" in building and oper- Development of a universal web-based workplace for ating infrastructures which support learning activi- students and teachers in which administrative func- ties.
Workgroup Algorithms and Complexity Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide
Dangelmaier, W.; Franke, W.; Mueck, B.; Fischer, M.: Mueck, B.; Dangelmaier, W.; Fischer, M.: Components Publications Komponenten zur aktiven Unterstützung der Analyse for the Active Support of the Analysis of Material Adler, M.; Räcke, H.; Sivadasan, N.; Sohler, C.; Vöcking, von Materialflusssimulationen in virtuellen Umge- Flow Simulations in a Virtual Environment. In: Ver- B.: Randomized Pursuit-Evasion in Graphs. In: Combi- bungen. In: Gausemeier, J. (Hrsg.); Grafe, M. (Hrsg.): 2. braeck, A. (Hrsg.); Hlupic, V. (Hrsg.): 15th European natorics, Probability & Computing 12(3) (2003), pp. Paderborner Workshop Augmented & Virtual Reality Simulation Symposium (ESS 2003) SCS - Europe, pp. 225–244 in der Produktentstehung, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe 367–371. Delft, Netherlands, October 26 – 29, 2003. Bd. 123, pp. 141–151, Paderborn, Germany, 2003. Azar, Y.; Cohen, E.; Fiat, A.; Kaplan, H.; Räcke, H.: Opti- Rührup, pp.; Schindelhauer, C.; Volbert, K.; Grünewald, mal Oblivious Routing in Polynomial Time. In: Proc. Fischer, M.; Grafe, M.; Matysczok, C.; Mueck, B.; M.: Performance of Distributed Algorithms for Topol- 35th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC Schoo, M.: Virtual and Augmented Reality Support ogy Control in Wireless Networks. In: Proceedings of 2003), pp. 383–388. San Diego, California, USA, June for Discrete Manufacturing System Simulation. In: the International Parallel and Distributed Processing 9 – 11, 2003. Zülich, G. (Hrsg.); Stowasser, pp. (Hrsg.); Jagdev, H. Symposium (IPDPS’03), p. 28.2. Nice, France, 22. – 26. (Hrsg.): Human Aspects in Production Management - April 2003. Bienkowski, M.; Korzeniowski, M.; Räcke, H.: A Practi- Proceedings of the IFIP WG 5.7 Working Conference cal Algorithm for Constructing Oblivious Routing on Human Aspects in Production Management, ESIM Salzwedel, K.: Algorithmic Approaches for Storage Schemes. In: Proc. 15th ACM Symposium on Paral- - European Series in Industrial Management, Bd. 5, Networks. In: Algorithms for Memory Hierarchies: lelism in Algorithms and Architectures (SPAA 2003), pp. 170-177, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2003. Shaker Ver- Advanced Lectures, Springer LNCS 2625, January pp. 24–33. San Diego, California, USA, June 7 – 9, lag. 2003, pp. 251-272 2003. Fischer, M.; Grafe, M.; Matysczok, C.; Schoo, M.; Schindelhauer, C.; Lukovszki, T.; Rührup, pp.; Volbert, Bonorden, O.; Brüls, N.; Le, D. K.; Kastens, U.; Meyer Mueck, B.: Planung von komplexen Fertigungssyste- K.: Worst Case Mobility in Ad Hoc Networks. In: Proc. auf der Heide, F.; Niemann, J.-C.; Porrmann, M.; Rück- men durch Einsatz einer VR/AR-unterstützten Simu- of the 15th ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms ert, U.; Slowik, A.; Thies, M.: A Holistic Methodology lation. In: Gausemeier, J. (Hrsg.); Grafe, M. (Hrsg.): 2. and Architectures (SPAA 2003), pp. 230-239. San for Network Processor Design. In: Proc. Workshop on Paderborner Workshop Augmented & Virtual Reality Diego, California, USA, June 7 – 9, 2003. High-Speed Local Networks held in conjunction with in der Produktentstehung, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe the 28th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Bd. 123, pp. 153–166, Paderborn, Germany, 2003. Sohler, C.: Property Testing and Geometry, Disserta- Networks (LCN 2003), pp. 583-592. Königswinter, tion, Universität Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Germany, October 20 – 24, 2003. Fomin, F.; Thilikos, D.: Dominating Sets in Planar Theoretische Informatik, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Graphs: Branch-Width and Exponential Speed-up. In: Bd. 119, Paderborn, Germany, 2003. Bonorden, O.; Juurlink, B.; von Otte, I.; Rieping, I.: The Proceedings of the 14th ACM-SIAM Symposium on Paderborn University BSP (PUB) library. In: Parallel Discrete Algorithms (SODA 2003), pp. 168-177. Balti- Terbahl, M.; Krokowski, J.: Verteiltes Rendern durch Computing 29 (2003), February, Nr. 2, pp. 187–207 more, Maryland, USA, 12. – 14. January 2003. dynamische Bildaufteilung. In: Proceedings of 5. GI- Informatiktage 2003, Bad Schussenried, Germany, Brinkmann, A.; Meyer auf der Heide, F.; Rückert, U.; Grünewald, M.; Rückert, U.; Schindelhauer, C.; Volbert, November 7 – 8, 2003. Salzwedel, K.; Scheideler, C.; Vodisek, M.: Storage K.: Directed power-variable infrared communication Management as Means to Cope with Exponential for the mini robot Khepera. In: Proceedings of the Ziegler, M.: Computable Operators on Regular Sets. Information Growth. In: Proceedings of the Interna- 2nd International Conference on Autonomous In: Informatik Berichte 302, FernUniversität, pp. 389 – tional Conference on Advances in Infrastructure for Minirobots for Research and Edutainment, pp. 406. International Conference on Computability and Electronic Business, Education, Science, Medicine, and 113–122. Brisbane, Australia, 18 - 21 February 2003. Complexity in Analysis (CCA’03), Cincinnati, USA, Mobile Technologies on the Internet (SSGRR-2003s), August 28 – 30, 2003. L'Aquila, Italy, July 28 – August 3, 2003. Meyer auf der Heide, F.: Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms - Design Methods – Applications. In: it - Ziegler, M.: Fast Relative Approximation of Potential Czumaj, A.; Ergun, F.; Fortnow, L.; Magen, A.; New- Information Technology 45(2) (2003), pp. 108–113. Fields. In: Proc. 8th Workshop on Algorithms and man, I.; Rubinfeld, R.; Sohler, C.: Sublinear Approxi- Oldenbourg Verlag. Data Structures (WADS’03), pp. 140–149, Springer mation of Euclidean Minimum Spanning Tree. In: Pro- LNCS 2748, Ottawa, Canada, July 30 – August 1, ceedings of the 14th ACM-SIAM Symposium on Dis- Klein, J.; Zachmann, G.: ADB-Trees: Controlling the 2003. crete Algorithms (SODA 2003), pp. 813–822. Balti- Error of Time-Critical Collision Detection. In: Proc. 8th more, Maryland, USA, January 12 – 14, 2003. International Fall Workshop Vision, Modeling, and Ziegler, M.: Quasi-Optimal Arithmetic for Quaternion Visualization (VMV 2003). Munich, Germany, Novem- Polynomials. In: Proc. 14th Annual International Sym- Damerow, V.; Meyer auf der Heide, F.; Räcke, H.; ber 19 – 21, 2003. posium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC’03), Scheideler, C.; Sohler, C.: Smoothed Motion Complexi- Kyoto, Japan, December 15 – 17, 2003. Springer ty. In: Proc. 11th Annual European Symposium on Klein, J.; Zachmann, G.: Time-Critical Collision Detec- LNCS. Algorithms (ESA’03), pp. 161–171. Budapest, Hungary, tion Using an Average-Case Approach. In: Proc. ACM September 15 - 20, 2003. Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technol- ogy (VRST 2003), pp. 22–31. Osaka, Japan, October 1 – 3, 2003. HNI_2003_GB_86_104 26.02.2004 10:43 Uhr Seite 92
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Ziegler, M.: Stability versus Speed in a Computable Algebraic Model. In: Proc. 5th Conference on Real Current Research Projects Numbers and Computers (RNC’5), pp. 47–64, INRIA, Collaborative Research Centre SFB 376 Lyon, France, September 3 – 5, 2003. “Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms – Design Methods – Applications” - Project A1 “Efficient Parallel Algorithms” Fairs/Conferences/Seminars - Project A2 “Universal Basic Services” International Dagstuhl Seminar “Algorithmic Aspects - Project C6 “Mobile Ad-hoc Networks” of Large and Complex Networks” in the Research - Part Z (general management) Center for Computer Science Schloss Dagstuhl, 31. Sponsoring Institution: DFG (German Research August - 5. September 2003, in cooperation with Foundation) Prof. Dorothea Wagner (University of Karlsruhe) and Prof. Micah Adler (University of Massachusetts at Priority Programme 1126 “Algorithms for Large and Amherst). Complex Networks” with the project: “Algorithms for Large Dynamic Geometric Graphs” “Workshop on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architec- Sponsoring Institution: DFG tures” (WPAA 2003), March 10, 2003, Paderborn. Research Training Centre (postgraduate programme) “Automatic Configuration in Open Systems” Prizes/Awards Sponsoring Institution: DFG Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide received the “Recog- nition of Service Award in Appreciation for Contribu- Research Training Centre (postgraduate programme) tions to ACM” “Scientific Computation” Sponsoring Institution: DFG Matthias Fischer received the “Burbidge Award for Best Presentation” at the IFIP WG 5.7 Working Con- NRW Graduate School of Dynamic Intelligent Sys- ference on Human Aspects in Production Manage- tems ment. Project “Benutzerunterstützte Analyse von Materi- alflusssimulationen in virtuellen Umgebungen Additional Functions (BAMSI)” Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide: Sponsoring Institution: DFG · Program Chair of the ACM-Symposiums on Paral- lelism in Algorithms and Architectures, SPAA 2003 Transfer Project “Paderborn Realtime Storage Net- · Director of the DFG Collaborative Research Centre work (PReSto)” SFB 376 “Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms Sponsoring Institution: DFG – Design Methods – Applications“ · Chairman of the Special Interest Group on Parallel BMBF Project “GigaNetIC” and Distributed Algorithms of the “Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI)” (German Informatics Society) EU Project “Algorithms and Complexity, Future Tech- · Elected Reviewer of the DFG (German Research nologies (ALCOM-FT)” Foundation) · DFG Special Advisor (Vertrauensdozent) of the Uni- DAAD funding within the IAS program for exchange versity of Paderborn with Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada · Member of the Board of External Scientific Advisers (Fachbeirat) of the Max-Planck-Institute for Com- puter Science at Saarbrücken Current Industry Co-operations · Director of the NRW-Graduate School of Dynamic In cooperation with the Infineon Technologies AG Intelligent Systems (one of three directors) (Munich), the BMBF project GigaNetIC aims at devel- · Member of the Senate of the University of Pader- oping super fast low-loss digital MOS circuit tech- born nologies and systems for communication and net- · Assistant Chairman of the Paderborn Institute for work applications. The main focus of our activities Scientific Computation (PaSCo) is on basic techniques for system-on-a-chip architec- · Member of the advisory board for computer science tures with special emphasis on communication of the Oldenbourg-Verlag protocols. Other participants in Paderborn are the · Initiator and Coordinator of the EU-Integrated Pro- research groups of Prof. Ulrich Rückert and Prof. ject “Dynamically Evolving Large Scale Information Uwe Kastens. Systems” (DELIS), starting January 2004 · Managing Editor of the “Journal of Interconnection Networks (JOIN)“, World Scientific Publishing.
Rolf Wanka: · Co-Chair of the Special Interest Group on Parallel and Distributed Algorithms of the “Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI)” (German Informatics Society) · Foreign Relationship Officer of the Institute of Com- puter Science · Member of the Program Committee of the Interna- tional Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Com- puter Science (STACS) 2003
Christian Schindelhauer: · Member of the Program Committee of the Interna- tional Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Com- puter Science (STACS) 2004 HNI_2003_GB_86_104 26.02.2004 10:43 Uhr Seite 93
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Workgroup Design of Distributed Embedded Systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig
Esau, N.; Kleinjohann, B.; Kleinjohann, L.; Stichling, D.: Ihmor, S.; Bastos Jr., N.; Klein, R.C.; Vilsarius, M.; Publications MEXI - Machine with Emotionally eXtended Intelli- Hardt, W.: Rapid Prototyping of Realtime Communi- Bednara, M.; Danne, K.; Deppe, M.; Oberschelp, O.; gence: A software architecture for behavior based cation – A Case Study: Interacting Robots. In Pro- Slomka, F.; Teich, J.: Design and Implementation of handling of emotions and drives. In Proceedings of ceedings of the 14th IEEE International Workshop on Digital Linear Control Systems on Reconfigurable the 3rd International Conference on Hybrid and Intel- Rapid System Prototyping (RSP'03), June 2003, IEEE Hardware. EURASIP Journal on Appplied Signal Pro- ligent Systems (HIS '03), IEEE Systems, Man and Computer Society Press, Washington, DC, USA, ISBN cessing, (6):594-602, 2003. Cybernetics Society, Melbourne, Australia, December 0-7695-1743-1. 2003. Beier, D.; Billert, R.; Brüderlin, B.; Kleinjohann, B.; Ihmor, S.; Vilsarius, M.; Hardt, W.: Modeling of Con- Stichling, D.: Marker-less Vision Based Tracking for Esau, N.; Kleinjohann, B.; Kleinjohann, L.; Stichling, D.: figurable HW/SW-Interfaces. In Rolf Drechsler, editor, Mobile Augmented Reality. In Proceedings of the Sec- VisiTrack - Video Based Incremental Tracking in Real- RSS 2003, pages 51-60. Shaker Verlag, February 2003. ond International Symposium on Mixed and Aug- Time. In Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International mented Reality (ISMAR 2003), Tokyo, Japan, October Symposium on Object-oriented Real-time Computing Kardos, M.; Nickel, U.: ASMs as Integration Platform 2003. (ISORC '03), Hakodate, Japan, May 2003. towards Verification and Validation of Distributed Production Control Systems at Multiple Levels of Bobda, Ch.; Danne, K.; Ahmadinia, A.; Teich, J.: A New Flake, St.; Müller, W.: Formal Semantics of Static and Abstraction (extended abstract). In Workshop on Approach for Reconfigurable Massively Parallel Com- Temporal State-Oriented OCL Constraints. In Software Abstract State Machines (ASM 2003), Taormina, Italy, puters. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Con- and System Modeling (SoSyM), Springer, 2(3):164- March 2003. ference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT '03), 186, October 2003. number 2, December 2003. Kleinjohann, B.; Kleinjohann, L.; Stichling, D.; Esau, N.: Flake, St.: Modeling and Verification of Manufactur- MEXI - Machine with Emotionally eXtended Intelli- Bobda, Ch.; Danne, K.; Linarth, A.: Efficient Implemen- ing Systems: A Domain-Specific Formalization of gence. In Proceedings of the 4th International Scien- tation of the Singular Value Decomposition on a UML. In 7th IASTED International Conference on tific and Technical Conference on Intellectual and Reconfigurable System. In Proc. of the International Software Engineering and Applications (SEA 2003), Multiprocessor Systems (IMS 2003), Gelendzhik, Rus- Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Appli- Los Angeles, CA, USA, November 2003. ACTA Press, sia, September 2003. cations (FPL 2003), Lisbon, Portugal, September 2003. Calgary, Canada. Koch, M.; Rust, C.; Kleinjohann, B.: Design of Intelli- Böke, C.; Götz, M.; Heimfarth, T.; El-Kebbe, D.A.; Ram- Flake, St.: OclType - A Type or Metatype? In UML gent Mechatronical Systems with High-Level Petri mig, F.J.; Rips, S.: (Re-) Configurable Real-time Oper- 2003 Workshop "OCL 2.0 - Industry Standard or Sci- Nets. In IEEE/ASME Int. Conf. on Advanced Intelligent ating Systems and Their Applications. In Proc. WORDS entific Playground?", Electronic Notes in Theoretical Mechatronics (AIM), Kobe, Japan, 2003. 2003, IEEE, January 2003. Computer Science. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, October 2003. Kostienko, T.; Müller, W.; Pawlak, A.; Schattkowsky, T.: Burmester, S.; Flake, St.; Giese, H.; Schaefer, W.; Tichy, An Advanced Infrastructure for Collaborative Engi- M.: Towards the Compositional Verification of Real- Flake, St.: Temporal OCL Extensions for Specification neering in Electronic design Automation. In CE 2003, Time UML Designs. In 9th European Software Engi- of Real-Time Constraints (Position Paper). In UML Madeira, Portugal, July 2003. neering Conference (ESEC 2003), pages 38-47, 2003 Workshop "Specification and Validation of UML Helsinki, Finland, September 2003. ACM Press, New models for Real Time and Embedded Systems Krupp, A.; Müller, W.: Combining Formal Refinement York, NY, USA. (SVERTS'03)". Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Octo- and Model Checking for Analysis of Realtime Sys- ber 2003. tems. In FDL '03, Frankfurt, 23. - 26. September 2003. Danne, K.; Bobda, Ch.; Kalte, H.: Increasing Efficiency by Partial Hardware Reconfiguration: Case Study of a Flake, St.; Müller, W.: Expressing Property Specifica- Krupp, A.; Müller, W.: Formale Verfeinerung und Mod- Multi-Controller System. Proc. of the International tion Patterns with OCL. In the 2003 International elchecking von zeitbehafteten endlichen Automaten. Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Conference on Software Engineering Research and In Proceedings of "Methoden und Beschrei- Techniques and Applications (PDPTA), Las Vegas, Practice (SERP '03), pages 595-601, Las Vegas, USA, bungssprachen zur Modellierung und Verifikation von Nevada, June 2003. June 2003. CSREA Press, Las Vegas, NV, USA. Schaltungen und Systemen", Bremen, March 2003. Shaker Verlag. Danne, K.; Bobda, Ch.; Kalte, H.: Run-time Exchange Flake, St.; Müller, W.: Formal Semantics of OCL Mes- of Mechatronic Controllers Using Partial Hardware sages. In UML 2003 Workshop "OCL 2.0 - Industry Liu, W.Y.; Rust, C.: A Simulation Platform for Petri Net Reconfiguration. In Proc. of the International Confer- Standard or Scientific Playground?", Electronic Notes Models of Dynamically Modifiable Embedded Sys- ence on Field Programmable Logic and Applications in Theoretical Computer Science, San Francisco, USA, tems. In The European Simulation and Modeling Con- (FPL 2003), Lisbon, Portugal, September 2003. October 2003. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ference (ESMC 2003), October 2003.
Dittmann, F.; Kleinjohann, B.; Rettberg, A.: Efficient Flake, St.; Müller, W.: Semantics of State-Oriented Loeser, C.; Müller, W.; Berger, F.; Eikerling, H.-J.: Peer- Bit-Serial Constant Multiplication for FPGAs. In Pro- Expressions in the Object Constraint Language. In to-Peer for Virtual Home Environments. In HICCS-36, ceedings of the 11th NASA Symposium VLSI Design, 15th International Conference on Software Engineer- Hawaii, USA, January 2003. Coeur d Alene Resort, Coeur d Alene, Idaho, USA, 28. ing and Knowledge Engineering (SEKE 2003), pages - 29. May 2003. 142-149, San Francisco Bay, USA, July 2003. IEEE Müller, W.; Rosenstiel, W.; Ruf, J. (editors): SystemC - Computer Society Press. Methodologies and Applications. Kluwer Academic Ditze, M.; Bernhardi-Grisson, R.; Kämper, G.; Publishers, Dordrecht, June 2003. Altenbernd, P.: Porting the Internet Protocol to the Giese, H.; Flake, St.; Schaefer, W.; Tichy, M.; Burmester, Controller Area Network. In 2nd Intl. Workshop On S.; Schilling, D.: Towards the Compositional Verifica- Müller, W.; Ruf, J.; Rosenstiel, W.: An ASM Based Real-Time LANs In The Internet Age (RTLIA 2003), tion of Real-Time UML Designs. Technical Report tr- SysyemC Simulation Semantics. In Müller, W.; Rosen- Porto, Portugal, July 2003. ri-03-241, University of Paderborn, July 2003. stiel, W.; Ruf, J. (editors), SystemC - Methodologies and Applications, Dordrecht, June 2003. Kluwer Acad- Eikerling, H.-J.; Müller, W.; Schattkowsky, T.; Wegner, Glässer, U.; Gotzhein, R.; Prinz, A.: The formal seman- emic Publishers. J.: Tool Integration and Management in Heteroge- tics of SDL-2000: Status and perspectives. Computer neous Computer Networks. In DATE 03, Munich, 3. - Networks 42, Elsevier Science B.V., pages 343-358, Müller, W.; Wang, J.: SmartCard for Secure Collabora- 7. March 2003. 2003. tive Engineering. In CCE'03, Poznan Poland, 15. - 16. April 2003. El-Kebbe, D.A.: Hybrid Real-Time Task Scheduling Heimfarth, T.; Götz, M.; Rammig, F.J.; Wagner, F.R.: Upon Multiprocessor Platforms Using Server Tech- RTC: A Real-time Communication Middleware on Top Pereira, C.; Götz, M.: A Scheduling Co-processor for niques. In 6th IEEE International Symposium on of RTAI-Linux. In Puschner, P.; Nakajima, T.; Ghafoor, Linux-based Real-Time Embedded Systems. In Proc. Object-oriented Real-time distributed Computing A. (editors), The Sixth IEEE International Symposium WRTP 2003, IFAC, May 2003. (ISORC'03), Hakodate, Japan, May 2003. on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC 2003), pages 19-25, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan, 14. - 16. May 2003. HNI_2003_GB_86_104 26.02.2004 10:43 Uhr Seite 94
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Pereira, C.; Götz, M.: Architectural Solutions for Rust, C.; Stappert, F.; Lukovszki, T.: A Petri Net Model Enhancing the Real-Time Behaviour of Distributed for the Network Layer of a Mobile Ad Hoc Network Prizes/Awards Embedded Systems. In Proc. WORDS 2003, IEEE, Janu- Architecture. In 7th World Multiconference on Sys- Admission in The North-Rhine Westphalia Academy ary 2003. temics, Cybernetics and Informatics, Orlando, Florida, of Science (F.J. Rammig) USA, 2003. Rammig, F.J.; Rust, C.: Modeling of Dynamically Mod- ifiable Embedded Real-Time Systems. In 9th IEEE Rust, C.; Stappert, F.; Schamberger, S.: Integrating Additional Functions International Workshop on Object-oriented Real-time Load Balancing into Petri Net Models of Distributed · Chair in IFIP TC 10 (F.J. Rammig) Dependable Systems (WORDS 2003F), October 2003. Embedded Systems. In The European Simulation and · Member of the IFIP Working Group 10.5 Modeling Conference (ESMC 2003), October 2003. (F.J. Rammig) Rettberg, A.; Dittmann, F.; Zanella, M.C.; Lehmann, T.: · Member of GI FB 3 (F.J. Rammig) Towards a High-Level Synthesis of Reconfigurable Schaefer, R.; Müller, W.: Adaptive profiles for Multi- · Member of GI/RSS/ITG Steering Committee Bit-Serial Architectures. In Proceedings of the 16th Modal Interaction in Intellignet Frameworks. In Joint (F.J. Rammig) Symposium on Integrated Circuits and System Design Workshop IJCAI Workshop on Artificial Intelligence, · Chair of IFIP WG 10.5 SIG ES (B. Kleinjohann) (SBCCI), Sao Paulo, Brazil, 8. - 11. September 2003. Information Access, and Mobile Computing, Acapulco, Mexico, August 2003. Rettberg, A.; Rammig, F.J.; Kleinjohann, B.: Low Power Current Research Projects Driven High-Level Synthesis for Dedicated Architec- Schattkowsky, T.; Müller, W.: Distributed Engineering SFB 376 Tp. B1 - Design Methods for Massively tures. In Proceedings of the 11th NASA Symposium Environment for the Design of Electronic Systems. In Parallel Real-Time Systems (DFG) VLSI Design, Coeur d Alene Resort, Coeur d Alene, CCE'03, Poznan Poland, 15. - 16. April 2003. Idaho, USA, 28. - 29. May 2003. SFB 614 Tp. B1 – Design Techniques (DFG) Schindelhauer, C.; Lukovszki, T.; Rührup, S.; Volbert, K.: Rettberg, A.; Zanella, M.C.; Bobda, Ch.; Lehmann, T.: A Worst Case Mobility in Ad Hoc Networks. In Proc. of SFB 614 Tp. C2 – RTOS for Self-Optimizing Fully Self-Timed Bit-Serial Pipeline Architecture for the 15th ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Systems (DFG) Embedded Systems. In Proceedings of the Design Architectures (SPAA 03), 2003. Automation and Test Conference (DATE), Messe TEReCS - Design of Customizable Real-Time Munich, Munich, 3. - 7. March 2003. Stappert, F.; Rust, C.: Worst Case Execution Time Communication Systems (DFG) Analysis for Petri Net Models of Embedded Systems. Rettberg, A.; Zanella, M.C.; Lehmann, T.; Bobda, Ch.: A In International Conference on Embedded Systems ISILEIT - Integrated Specification of Distributed New Approach of a Self-Timed Bit-Serial Synchro- and Applications (ESA'03), Las Vegas, 23.-26. June Control Systems in Flexible Automated Manufac- nous Pipeline Architecture. In Proceedings of the 2003. CSREA Press. turing (DFG) Rapid System Prototyping Workshop, Bahia Hotel, San Diego, CA, USA, 9. - 11. June 2003. Stichling, D.; Kleinjohann, B.: Edge Vectorization for EVENTS - New Computer Vision Techniques and Embedded Real-Time Systems using the CV-SDF Real-Time Approaches for Innovative Image Interpo- Rettberg, A.; Zanella, M.C.; Lehmann, T.; Dierkes, U.; Model. In Proceedings of the 16th International Con- lation for Multi-View Presentations of TV Transmis- Rustemeier, C.: Control Development for Mechatronic ference on Vision Interfaces (VI 2003), Halifax, Cana- sions in Wide Scenarios (EU) Systems with a Fully Reconfigurable Pipeline Archi- da, June 2003. tecture. In Proceedings of the 16th Symposium on Vernetzte Mobile Systeme (Stiftung Westfalen) Integrated Circuits and System Design (SBCCI), Sao Vilsarius, M.; Lessmann, J.; Amelunxen, C.; Ihmor, S.; Paulo, Brazil, 8. - 11. September 2003. Hardt, W.: Initial IPQ Toolbox Implementation. Techni- cal Report TR-IPL-2003-01, University of Paderborn, Current Industry Co-operations Rust, C.; Rettberg, A.; Gossens, K.: From High-Level IPL, January 2003. Architekturuntersuchungen (dSPACE) Petri Nets to SystemC. In IEEE International Confer- ence on Systems, Man & Cybernetics, Hyatt Regency, Zhao, Y.: Intuitive Representations for Temporal Logic Washington, D.C., USA, 5. - 8. October 2003. Formulas. In Proceedings of Forum on Specification & Visits by Researchers Design Languages (FDL '03), pages 405-413, Frank- Prof. Dr. PCP Bhatt, Indian Institute of Information Rust, C.; Stappert, F.; Künnemeyer, R.: From Timed furt, 23. - 26. September 2003. Technology, Bangalore, India (May – June 2003) Petri Nets to Interrupt-Driven Embedded Control Prof. Kane Kim, University of California, Irvine Software. In International Conference on Computer, (October 2003) Communication and Control Technologies (CCCT Prof. Bran Selic, IBM Rational, Canada (November 2003), Orlando, Florida, USA, 2003. 2003)
Workgroup System and Circuit Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert
Publications Grünewald, M.; Iske, B.; Klahold, J.; Manolov, O.; Porrmann, M.; Witkowski, U.; Rückert, U.: A Massively Bonorden, O.; Brüls, N.; Le, D.K.; Kastens, U.; Meyer Orhan, O.; Rückert, U.; Witkowski, U.: Communication Parallel Architecture for Self-Organizing Feature auf der Heide, F.; Niemann, J.-C.; Porrmann, M.; Rück- Between Khepera Mini Robots For Cooperative Posi- Maps. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Special ert, U.; Slowik, A.; Thies, M.: A holistic methodology tioning. In Proceedings of the International Confer- Issue on Hardware Implementations, Vol. 14, pages for network processor design. In Proceedings of the ence Automatics and Informatics’03, volume 1, pages 1110-1121, September 2003 Workshop on High-Speed Local Networks held in 95-98, Sofia, Bulgaria, 6 - 8 October 2003 conjunction with the 28th Annual IEEE Conference Danne, K.; Bobda, C.; Kalte, H.: Run-time Exchange of on Local Computer Networks (LCN2003), pages 583- Rückert, U.: Mediatronics - Things That Communicate Mechatronic Controllers Using Partial Hardware 592, 20 - 24 October 2003 And Cooperate. In Proceedings of the International Reconfiguration. In Proc. of the International Confer- Conference Automatics and Informatics’03, volume 1, ence on Field Programmable Logic and Applications Manolov, O.; Iske, B.; Noykov S.; Klahold, J.; Georgiev, pages 9-12, Invited paper, Sofia, Bulgaria, 6 - 8 Octo- (FPL2003), Lisbon, Portugal, September 2003 G.; Witkowski, U.; Rückert, U.: Gard - An Intelligent ber 2003 System for Distributed Exploration of Landmine Fields Witkowski, U.; Rückert, U.: Positioning System for the Simulated by a Team of Khepera Robots. In Proceed- Witkowski, U.; Rückert, U.: Development and Incorpo- Minirobot Khepera based on Self-organizing Feature ings of the International Conference Automatics and ration of Elementary Soccer Strategies for the Khep- Maps, pages 45-56. Intelligent Robots: Vision, Learn- Informatics’03, volume 1, pages 199-202, Sofia, Bul- era Mini Robot. In Proc. of the FIRA Robot World ing and Interaction. KAIST Press, 2003 garia, 6 - 8 October 2003 Congress 2003, Vienna, Austria, October 2003 HNI_2003_GB_86_104 26.02.2004 10:43 Uhr Seite 95
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Heittmann, A.: Ressourceneffiziente Architekturen Iske, B.: Using Infrared Sensors for Object Classifica- Hardware Reconfiguration neuronaler Assoziativspeicher. Dissertation, Univer- tion. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Sympo- In this project we analyse and implement principles sität Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Schaltung- sium on Autonomous Minirobots for Research and of hardware reconfiguration of microelectronic com- stechnik, volume 126 of HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Edutainment (AMiRE), pages 241-242, Brisbane, Aus- ponents in self-optimising mechatronic systems. The 2003 tralia, 18 - 20 February 2003 project is part of the Collaborative Research Centre 614 of the DFG. Witkowski, U.: Einbettung selbstorganisierender Iske, B.; Schlößer, S.;Rückert, U.: Resolution Analysis Karten in autonome Miniroboter. Dissertation, Uni- of Infrared Sensor Arrays. In Proceedings of the 2nd RTOS for Self-Optimising Systems versität Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Schaltung- International Conference on Autonomous Minirobots In cooperation with the working group ”Design of stechnik, volume 127 of HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, for Research and Edutainment (AMiRE), pages 153- Parallel Systems“ of Prof. Rammig, we develop a real- 2003 162, Brisbane, Australia, 18 - 20 February 2003 time communication and operating system for dis- tributed self-optimizing systems. This project is part Awerbuch, B.; Brinkmann, A.; Scheideler, C.: Anycast- Schmidt, M.: Neuronale Assoziativspeicher im Infor- of the Collaborative Research Centre 614 of the DFG. ing in Adversarial Systems: Routing and Admission mation Retrieval. Dissertation, Universität Paderborn, Control. In Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Schaltungstechnik, volume 116 Active Night Vision System for More Safety Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Program- of HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, 2003 in Road Traffic ming (ICALP 2003), pages 1153-1168, Eindhoven, The In the context of the support program ”Neue Inge- Netherlands, 30 June - 4 July 2003 Witkowski, U.; Bandyk, B.;Rückert, U.: Long-running nieurteams“ of the ”Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Experiments using the Minirobot Khepera with Auto- Halbach-Stiftung“ we initiated the project ”Active Grünewald, M.; Niemann, J.-C.; Rückert, U.: A per- matic Charging Station. In Proc. of the 2nd Interna- Night Vision System for More Safety in Road Traffic“. formance evaluation method for optimizing embed- tional Conference on Autonomous Minirobots for This project is carried out in cooperation with the ded applications. In Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Inter- Research and Edutainment AMiRE03, Brisbane, Aus- ”Aldegrevergymnasium Soest“ and ”Hella KG national Workshop on System-On-Chip for Real-Time tralia, February 2003 Hueck & Co“. Applications, pages 10-15, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 30 June - 2 July 2003 Paderborn Realtime Storage Network PReSto Fairs/Conferences/Seminars In cooperation with the working group of Professor Brinkmann, A.; Meyer auf der Heide, F.; Salzwedel, K.; International Conference on Autonomous Minirobots Meyer auf der Heide, Infineon Technologies, and the Scheideler, C.; Vodisek, M.;Rückert, U.: Storage Man- for Research and Edutainment, AMiRE03, Brisbane, Conet AG, the efficient use of highly scalable storage agement as Means to cope with Exponential Infor- Australia, February 2003 systems is analyzed. mation Growth. In Proceedings of SSGRR 2003, July 2003 Prizes/Awards Current Industry Co-operations Danne, K.; Bobda, C.; and Kalte, H.: Increasing Effi- Vice World Champion and third place at the robot- GigaNetIC ciency by Partial Hardware Reconfiguration: Case soccer world championship, FIRA CUP (Khepera In cooperation with the Infineon Technologies AG Study of a Multi-Controller System. Proc. of the league), Vienna, Austria (Munich), the BMBF project GigaNetIC aims at devel- International Conference on Parallel and Distributed oping superfast low-loss digital MOS circuit tech- Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA), Las nologies and systems for communication and net- Vegas, Nevada, June 2003 Additional Functions work applications. · Director of the DFG Graduate College ”Automatic The main focus of our activities is on basic tech- Rührup, S.; Schindelhauer, C.; Volbert, K.; Grünewald, Configuration in Open Systems“ niques for system-on-a-chip architectures. Other par- M.: Performance of Distributed Algorithms for Topol- · Associate Dean of the Faculty for Computer Science, ticipants in Paderborn are the working groups of Prof. ogy Control in Wireless Networks. In Proceedings of Electrical Engineering and Mathematics Meyer auf der Heide and Prof. Kastens. the International Parallel and Distributed Processing · Member of the ”International Graduate School Symposium, Nice, France, 22 - 26 April 2003 of Dynamic Intelligent Systems“ Committee VisionIC · Member of the Advisory Council of the C-LAB In the context of the VisionIC-project, we analyse Grünewald, M.; Rückert, U.; Schindelhauer, C.; Volbert, · Member of the Advisory Council of the L-LAB neural pulse coded associative memories in coopera- K.: Directed power-variable infrared communication · Member of the Advisory Council of the PC2 tion with Infineon Technologies. The main focus of for the mini robot Khepera. In Proceedings of the 2nd (Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing) the project is the analysis and development of an International Conference on Autonomous Minirobots · Member of the Advisory Council of the PaSCo intelligent vision platform for the mass market. for Research and Edutainment, pages 113-122, Bris- (Paderborn Institute for Scientific Computation) bane, Australia, 18 - 21 February 2003 · Chairman of the Special Interest Group ”Mikro- Look ahead sensors for active headlights elektronik neuronaler Netze“ of the ITG (Information In this project we analyse and evaluate new sensor Klahold, J.; Jürgens, H.;Rückert, U.: Neural Object Technology Society) concepts for active headlights in cooperation with Classification Using Ultrasonic Spectrum Analysis. In · Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Information Tech- ”Hella KG Hueck & Co“. With these sensor concepts, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on nology, QUT, Brisbane, Australia headlights with new functionality will be realized. Autonomous Minirobots for Research and Edutain- ment (AMiRE), pages 219-228, Brisbane, Australia, 18 Neural Data Analysis for the Fabrication of - 20 February 2003 Current Research Projects Integrated Circuits Resource-Efficient Function Approximator for In cooperation with the Robert Bosch GmbH, meth- Grünewald, M.;Rückert, U.: A directed power-variable Autonomous Systems ods for the explorative data analysis with neural net- communication module for the mini robot Khepera Based on analog circuit technology, a microelectronic works are being developed. In order to verify the (Demonstration). In Proceedings of the 2nd Interna- module is being developed for the resource-efficient methods, we use data from the production of semi- tional Conference on Autonomous Minirobots for implementation of a function approximator for conductors. Research and Edutainment, pages 243-244, Brisbane, autonomous systems. This is done in cooperation Australia, 18 - 20 February 2003 with Professor Sitte, Queensland University of Tech- nology, Australia. Grünewald, M.; Iske, B.; Klahold, J.: Sensor Systems for Mobile Mini-Robots: Properties and Resource Routing Nodes for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (Manets) Requirements. In Proceedings of the 2nd Internation- It is the aim of this project to design a resource-effi- al Symposium on Autonomous Minirobots for cient one-chip system, which facilitates the operation Research and Edutainment (AMiRE), pages 209-218, of Manets on the basis of an adaptive communica- Brisbane, Australia, 18 - 20 February 2003 tion process that has been worked out in cooperation with Professor Meyer auf der Heide’s research group. This project is part of the Collaborative Research Cen- tre 376 of the DFG. HNI_2003_GB_86_104 26.02.2004 10:43 Uhr Seite 96
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Workgroup Mechatronics and Dynamics Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallaschek
Roslak, J.: Lighting Systems for the Adaptive Illumina- Kesseler, W.; Kleinkes, M.; Locher, J.; Bierleutgeb, G.: Publications tion of the Traffic Space. In 5th International Sympo- Infrared Based Driver Assistance for Enhanced Per- Gausemeier, J.; Lückel, J.; Wallaschek, J.: 1. Pader- sium on Progress in Automobile Lighting, 23.-24. ception at Night. In Tagungsband PAL 2003, Volume borner Workshop Intelligente mechatronische Sys- September 2003, Darmstadt, 2003. 10, TU Darmstadt, 23.-24.September 2003, S.496-506, teme. Universität Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, ISBN 3-8316-0257-3I. Rechnerintegrierte Produktion, volume 122 of HNI- Sattel, T.; Brökelmann, M.: A Simple Transducer Model Verlagsschriftenreihe, 2003. ISBN 3-935433-30-1. for Longitudinal Flip-Chip Bonding. IEEE Ultrasonics Völker, S.: Die Lehre vom Licht. In HNI – Nachrichten Symposium München, 8.-11. Oktober 2002, 2003. (Heinz-Nixdorf-Institut), Ausgabe 1/03. Goldschmidt, S.: Anwendung mengenorientierter numerischer Methoden zur Analyse nichtlinearer Storck, H.; Wallaschek, J.: The effect of tangential Kliebisch, D.; Völker, S.: Bestimmung der dynamischer Systeme am Beispiel der Spurführungs- elasticity of the contact layer between stator and Erkennbarkeitsentfernung aus Schwellenkontrasten dynamik von Schienenfahrzeugen. Dissertation, Uni- rotor in travelling wave ultrasonic motors. Inter- bei inhomogenen Leuchtdichtefeldern. In Luxjunior versität Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Mecha- national Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 38, 2003, Tagungsband, TU Ilmenau. tronik und Dynamik, volume 112 of HNI-Verlags- p.143-159, 2003. schriftenreihe, 2002. ISBN 3-935433-21-2. Strauß, S.; Kliebisch, D.; Völker, S.: Finden der Thiere, B.; Padberg, K.; Oevel, G.: Learning Mathema- notwendigen Kennzahlen eines Scheinwerfers um Hemsel, T.; Wallaschek, J.: Modelling and Analysis of tics through a Multimedia Construction Kit. In Pro- dessen Blendwirkung zu bestimmen. In Luxjunior Piezoelectric Transformers. In 5th International Con- ceedings of SITE2003, Albuquerque, USA, pages 2973- 2003, Tagungsband, TU Ilmenau. ference on Intelligent Materials, Pennsylvania State 2977, 2003. University, 2003. Kleinkes, M.; Völker, S.: Luminance-based homo- Thiere, B.; Oevel, G.; Padberg, K.: Mathematics in geneity rating for headlamp light distriburtions. In Hemsel, T.; Kauczor, C.; Littmann, W.; Sinha, M.; Wal- Engineering Education. In 7th Baltic Region Seminar Tagungsband PAL 2003, Volume 10, TU Darmstadt, laschek, J.: Load-adaptive phase-controller for reso- on Engineering Education, St. Petersburg, Russia, 4 -6 23.-24.September 2003, S.487-495, ISBN 3-8316- nant driven piezoelectric devices. In World Congress September 2003, 2003. 0257-3. Ultrasonics, Paris, September 2003 Wallaschek, J.; Roslak, J.: Aktive Kfz-Lichtverteilungen Völker, S.; Löscher, C.: Headlamp glare evaluation. In Kauschke, R.; Wallaschek, J.; Eichhorn, K.: Aktive zur kollektiven Ausleuchtung des Verkehrsraumes. In Tagungsband PAL 2003, volume 10, TU Darmstadt, Lichtsysteme für das Kraftfahrzeug. In 5. VDI- Mecha- Gausemeier, J.; Lückel, J.; Wallaschek, J. (editors), 1. 23.-24.September 2003, S.487-495, ISBN 3-8316- troniktagung 2003, Innovative Produktentwicklung, Paderborner Workshop Intelligente mechatronische 0257-3. Fulda, 7.-8. Mai 2003, VDI-Berichte, volume 1753, Syteme Universität Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, pages 21-42. VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf, 2003. ISBN 3- Rechnerintegrierte Produktion, 20-21 März 2003, vol- Völker, S; Kleinkes, M.: Quality of automotive head- 18-091753-9. ume 122 of HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, pages 29-38, lamp light distribution. In Lighting Research and 2003, ISBN 3-935433-30-1. Technology, Manuskripteinsendung, 2003. Kauschke, R.; Wallaschek, J.; Völker, S.; Eichhorn, K.: Konstruktionssystematische Analyse und lichttech- Völker, S.; Kauschke, R.; Kleinkes, M.: Neue Algorith- nische Bewertung von Konzepten für aktive Schein- men und neue Methoden für die Blendungsbewer- Fairs/Conferences/Seminars werfer. In KfOT-Tagung, Baden-Baden, 17.-18. Juni tung von Kfz-Scheinwerfern. In Gemeinschaftstagung Optical Technologies made in Northrhine-Westfalia, 2003, Optische Technologien in der Fahrzeugtechnik, der lichttechnischen Gesellschaften der Niederlande, Landesvertretung NRW at the European Union, VDI Berichte, volume 1731, pages 63-72. VDI-Verlag, Deutschlands, Österreichs und der Schweiz, 22.-25. Brüssel, 11.12.2002 Düsseldorf, 2003. ISBN 3-18-091731-8. September 2002, Maastricht, Niederlande, pages 340- 348. NSVV, 2002. The dawn of a new era in ground transportation, Kauschke, R.; Eichhorn, K.; Wallaschek, J.: Landesvertretung NRW at the European Union, Optikkonzepte für adaptive Kfz-Scheinwerfer-Sys- Wallaschek, J.; Kauschke, R.; Eichhorn, K.: Aktive Brüssel, 15.1.2003 teme am Beispiel des scannenden Scheinwerfers. In Lichtsysteme für das Kraftfahrzeug. Konstruktion, 104. DGaO-Tagung 2003, Poster, Münster, 10.-14. Juni 5, S. 48-50, 2003. Mechatronik Workshop of the VDI, Düsseldorf, 2003. 17.3.2003 Wickord, W.: Zur Anwendung probabilistischer Metho- Kauschke, R.; Eichhorn, K.; Wallaschek. J.: Innovative den in den frühen Phasen des Systementwurfs. Dis- Les actionneurs piezoelectriques et leurs applications, Optical Concepts for Future Car Headlights. In PAL sertation, Universität Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Insti- Short Course at the Universität Le Mans, 2003, TU Darmstadt, 23.-24. September 2003, volume tut, Mechatronik und Dynamik, volume 125 of HNI- 23.-25.4.2003 10, pages 487-495. TU Darmstadt, 2003. ISBN 3- Verlagsschriftenreihe, 2003. ISBN 3-935433-34-4. 8316-0257-3. New directions in automotive lighting, L-LAB Sum- Locher, J.; Völker, S.; Bierleutgeb, G.; Kleinkes, M.: merschool, Altastenberg, 31.8.-5.9.2003 Kauschke, K.; Förtsch, A.; Völker, S.: Sichtweitenun- Night Vision: Erhöhung der Verkehrssicherheit durch tersuchungen mit dem Histogramm- und dem Gradi- Infrarot-Nachtsichtsysteme. Optische Technologien in Aussprachetag Mechatronik-Lehre an deutschen Uni- entenverfahren. In 6. Lux Junior 2003 - Konferenz, der Fahrzeugtechnik. In VDI-Berichte 1731, S. 173 – versitäten, Paderborn, 24.10.2003 Arnstadt, 19.-21. September 2003 (CD-ROM Volltext), 183. VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf, ISBN 3-18-091731-8. pages 27, Abstract. TU Ilmenau, 2003. Mechatronik Workshop of the VDI, Stuttgart, Locher, J.; Kleinkes, M.: Ein Simulator zur Bewertung 9.10.2003 Kemmer, H. A.: Investigation of the Friction Behavior und Optimierung von Fahrerassistenzsystemen. In Der of Automotive Brakes through Experiments and Tribo- Fahrer im 21. Jahrhundert. Anforderungen, Anwen- Optische Technologien, Exibition at the Landtag NRW, logical Modeling. Dissertation, Universität Paderborn, dungen, Aspekte für Mensch-Maschine-Systeme. VDI- 17.11.2003 Robert Bosch GmbH, 2002. ISBN 3-00-011230-8. Berichte 1768, S. 117 – 125. ISBN 3-18-091768-7. CIE 25th International Conference on Lighting, Littmann, W.: Piezoelektrische, resonant betriebene Völker, S.; Locher, J.; Wibbeke, K.; Middendorf, K.: San Diego, USA, Juni 2003 Ultraschall-Leistungswandler mit nichtlinearen mech- Auswirkung peripherer Leuchtdichten auf die Kon- anischen Randbedingungen. Dissertation, Universität trastempfindlichkeit bei mesopischer Adaptation. In Special conference Interlumen of the CIE, Arnstadt Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Mechatronik und LuxJunior 2003, Tagungsband. TU Ilmenau. 2003, 18.-19.9.03, organizer TU Ilmenau, FG Licht- Dynamik, volume 124 of HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, technnik together with the german spokesman of 2003. ISBN 3-935433-33-6. Locher, J.; Kleinkes, M.; Völker, S.: Acceptance of the CIE. Headlamp Beam Patterns. In PAL 2003, Tagungsband Roslak, J.: A Comparative Study of Mobile Ad Hoc Volume 10, TU Darmstadt, 23.-24.September 2003, PAL 2003 (International conference on Vehicle Light- Networks and Autonomous Systems for Collective S.487-495, ISBN 3-8316-0257-3I. ing), September 2003, TU Darmstadt, FG Lichttechnik Illumination of the Traffic Space. In 7th World Multi- conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informa- Innova Messe TU Ilmenau, 5.11.03 tics, 27.-30. July 2003, Orlando, Florida, 2003. HNI_2003_GB_86_104 26.02.2004 10:44 Uhr Seite 97
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NBP – Neue Bahntechnik Paderborn. Application of set-oriented methods for the analysis Patents In this project the main focus of our activities is: of non-linear dynamic systems ·Piezoelektrische Xenon-Scheinwerfersteuerung Chassis und Switch Technology; Condition Monitor- The aim of this project is to provide efficient and · Elektrochromes Element, AZ: 103 30 215.8 ing; Overall-System-Optimisation. Supporting Institu- general methods to support product development, ·Flexprismenanordnung, AZ: 103 44 172.7 tion: Land NRW / University of Paderborn/City of especially in the analysis of nonlinear dynamic sys- ·DMD-Mikrospiegelanordnung, AZ: 103 44 173.5 Paderborn tems. Set-oriented methods will allow to derive ·AMD-Mikrospiegelanordnung, AZ: 103 44 174.3 information on the dynamics of the system, including Optical Concepts for Active Lighting Technology e.g. the form of attractors, absorption- and observa- Systems. tion probabilities in the state space of a system. Sup- Additional Functions Our goal is the evaluation and development of new porting Institution: DFG (PaSCo) Jörg Wallaschek: optical concepts for active headlights. Active head- · Vice-president for research of the University of lights are considered as a further development of Paderborn from 1999 - 2003 today’s Adaptive-Frontlighting-Systems. They allow a Current Industry Co-operations · Chairman of L-LAB, Research Centre for Lighting free choice of light distribution in front of the vehi- Adaptive Piezoelectric Resonance Converter with Technology and Mechatronics, PublicPrivatePartner- cle. Supporting Institution: L-LAB Non-Linear Mechanical Boundary Conditions. ship of Hella KG Hueck & Co. KG and the University The goal is to investigate concepts for resonant ex- of Paderborn Collective Illumination of the Traffic Space. cited piezoelectric systems consisting of an electrical · Member of the national advisory council on The overall goal of this project is the development of control and oscillating ultrasonic tools under non- Mechanical Vibration of the VDI / DIN an active lighting system that allows the optimal illu- linear mechanical loads which are caused by the · Spokesman of the Competence Network mination of the road through several vehicles. Spe- interaction of the tool and its environment. “LED in NRW“ cific targets are the evaluation of sensors and overall Sponsor: Industry · Board member of the OpTechNet e.V. vehicle communication systems. Supporting Institu- · Board member of the Graduate School on Dynamic tion: International Graduate School of Dynamic Intel- Development of a Piezoelectric Linear Drive. Intelligent Systems ligent Systems. The goal is the further development of the Pader- · Board member of the PaSCo (Paderborn Institute for born-Rowing-Motor for automotive applications, e.g. Scientific Computation) Self-Adjusting Precision Drive with Ultrasonic in a car window lift or a sunroof drive. Sponsor: · Board member of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute Travelling Wave Motor. Industry · Member of the editorial Advisory Board of the Inter- In this project, first models of the contact process, a national Journal of Vehicle Autonomous Systems flexible current-rectifier unit and an efficient, model- based speed control have been developed. Based Stephan Völker: upon this, the torque controlled operation is now · Board member of the Lichttechnischen Gesellschaft being realised and possibilities for the simplification des Ruhrgebietes of the control engineering are being tested. Support- · CIE (International Lighting Commission) Reporter of ing Institution: DFG (National Science Foundation of the Division for mesopic vision Germany)
Development of a Piezoelectric Transformer for Igni- Spin-Offs tion and for the Operation of a Gas Discharge Lamp. ATHENA Technologie Beratung GmbH Our goal is the prototypical realisation of a power The ATHENA Technologie Beratung GmbH offers sci- electronic topology with a piezotransformer which is entific and business consultancy as well as engineer- capable to ignite a gas discharge lamp and to deliver ing services in the fields of mechatronics and new the operation current with only a single secondary technologies. ATHENA provides feasibility studies and circuit. Supporting Institution: University of Pader- technical expertise, monitors the progress of new born. technologies, supports the technology and innovation management and develops strategies for patent Study of Self-Energising Mechanical Breaks. management. For further information see By using self-energising through friction, break-sys- http://www.myATHENA.de tems that require only little control forces and power are to be designed. Supporting Institution: University Padersonic GmbH of Paderborn, Embassy of Egypt. The Padersonic GmbH develops, builds and markets mechatronic systems, in particular in the areas of FEM-Modelling of Piezoelectric Composite Oscillators. piezo actuators, sensors, optical systems and image In this project computational methods for the analy- processing. It also develops customer-specific soft- sis of piezoelectric oscillators are developed. Special ware and hardware solutions for control engineering. attention is paid to resonant excited systems. Sup- porting Institution: DFG (National Science Foundation of Germany) Current Research Projects INERELA – Integrative Development of Spatial Patent Study “LED Lighting”. Electronic Devices. Within the framework of the Competence Network The aim is to provide a development platform for LED in NRW, we are researching new application spatial electronic devices in selected product classes areas for light-emitting diodes in general lighting. (Chip-on-board Technology, Ultrasonic Bonding Tech- This action particularly aims at supporting the local nique, Micro-Sensors, Micro-Electro-Optical Systems). lighting technology industry in North-Rhine-West- Supporting Institution: BMBF falia. Supporting Institution: Land North-Rhine-West- falia with the Ministries MSWF, MWMEV, MASQT L-LAB - Research Centre for Lighting Technology and Mechatronics. Mechanical vibrations in Headlight Systems In the L-LAB, jointly run in PublicPrivatePartnership Based upon the mechanical modelling of headlight by the Hella KG Hueck & Co. KG and the University of systems, tools for the optimisation of the vibrational Paderborn, we contribute to interdisciplinary projects. behaviour are being developed. The focus of atten- These activities can be classified as basic research and tion is on the coupling of FEM as well as MKS model- technological development. Supporting Institution: ling and experimental modal analysis. Supporting Land NRW / Stifterverband / Hella / University of Institution: L-LAB Paderborn HNI_2003_GB_86_104 26.02.2004 10:44 Uhr Seite 98
98 Workgroups
Workgroup Mechatronics Laboratory Paderborn Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Lückel
Koch, T.; Harchenko, J.; Rustemeier, C.; Nyenhuis, M.: Realisation of Self-Optimizing Systems Publications Methoden für den Entwurf mechatronischer Systeme, Supported by DFG-SFB 614 "Self-Optimizing Con- Neuendorf, N.; Dierkes, U.: Demands of the Decentral- dargestellt am Beispiel einer vollaktiven, integrierten cepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering” ized Autonomous Intersection Management on the Radaufhängung. 5. VDI-Mechatroniktagung, Fulda, Steer-by-wire System in Passenger Cars. MED´03: The 2003. IPANEMA (Integration Platform for Networked 11th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Mechatronic Applications) Automation, Rhodes, Greece, June 18 – 20, 2003. Ettingshausen, C.; Hestermeyer, T.; Otto, S.: Aktive One main aspect of hardware-in-the-loop simula- Spurführung und Lenkung von Schienenfahrzeugen. tions is the distributed real-time simulation of Rettberg, A.; Zanella, M.; Bobda, C.; Lehmann, T.: A 6. Magdeburger Maschinenbautage, Intelligente tech- mechatronic systems. For this purpose the simulation Full Self-Timed Bit-Serial Pipeline Architecture for nische Systeme und Prozesse – Grundlagen, Entwurf, platform IPANEMA (Integration Platform for Net- Embedded Systems. DATE´03 – Design, Automation & Realisierung, Magdeburg, 2003. worked Mechatronic Applications) was developed at Test in Europe Conference, Munich, March 3 – 7, the MLaP. 2003. Spin-Offs TriPlanar Gambuzza, A.; Oberschelp, O.; Deppe, M.: Verteilte dSPACE GmbH A working platform with six degrees of freedom for modulare Simulation mechatronischer Systeme. 5. dSPACE is the leading supplier worldwide of solutions positioning, measuring and manufacturing. Mechatronik-Tagung 2003. VDI-Bericht 1753, Fulda, for developing and testing rapid mechatronic control 7. – 8. Mai, 2003. systems. dSPACE systems enable manufacturers of ModulX controllers and ECUs to reduce their development The wheel module ModulX is a fine example of how Hestermeyer, T.; Oberschelp, O.: Selbstoptimierende times and costs dramatically and to noticeably mechatronic systems are designed; the design Fahrzeugregelung – Verhaltensbasierte Adaption. 1. increase their product quality. What makes this possi- methodology was conceived at the MLaP and centers Paderborner Workshop “Intelligente Mechatronische ble is our optimal mix of standard solutions and cus- around a holistic, interdisciplinary consideration of all Systeme”, HNI, Paderborn, 20. – 21.03.03. tomer-specific engineering for controller prototyping, system components involved. automatic production code generation and virtual Hestermeyer, T.; Ettingshausen, C.; Schlautmann, P.: system tests. Aktive Federung für Schienenfahrzeuge – Systemauf- Current Industry Co-Operations bau, Regelung und Realisierung. 5. VDI-Mechatronik- iXtronics GmbH TESLA – A test platform for the Rapid Prototyping of tagung 2003 – Innovative Produktentwicklung, Fulda, iXtronics was founded in 1999 by four members of precision engineering systems 2003. the Mechatronics Laboratory Paderborn (MLaP) and A co-operation of the Wincor Nixdorf GmbH & Co. its head, Professor Dr.-Ing. J. Lückel. The services and KG and the MLaP Deppe, M.; Oberschelp, O.: Design and Implementa- products of the company range from the computer- With the Rapid Prototyping system TESLA the user tion of Digital Linear Control Systems on Reconfig- based development of mechatronic systems to distri- can test new products already in the early stages of urable Hardware. Eurasip Journal on Applied Signal bution of tools for the design of these systems. Fur- the development. The results of the analysis give Processing, Volume 2003, No. 6, S. 594-602. thermore, iXtronics offers services in the field of detailed information about the dynamic behavior of object-oriented programming and consulting. the test object. Neuendorf, N.; Deppe, M.: Vernetzung mechatronis- cher Systeme am Beispiel eines dezentralen Kreuzungsmanagements für Kfz. 5. VDI-Mechatronik- Current Research Projects tagung, Fulda, 2003. Neue Bahntechnik Paderborn An innovative railway system which combines mod- Dellnitz, M.; Schütze, O.; Hestermeyer, T.: Covering ern chassis technology with the advantages of the Pareto Sets by Multilevel Subdivision Techniques. TRANSRAPID and the use of the existing tracks. Journal of Optimization, Theory and Applications, 2003. Intersection Management Supported by DFG-SFB 376 "Massive Parallelism - Koch, T.; Harchenko, J.: ModulX – Das Zusammenspiel Algorithms, Design Methods, Applications" von Systemdynamik und Konstruktion am Beispiel The Mechatronics Laboratory Paderborn contributes einer vollaktiven Radaufhängung. 37. Regelungstech- to the research work by introducing intersection nisches Kolloquium, Boppard, 2003. management as an example of an application where novel synthesis methods for the integration of Koch, T.; Harchenko, J.: Mechatronik integriert: Mod- autonomous mechatronic systems (e.g., individual ulX – Ein mechatronisches Radmodul für Forschung vehicles) into interconnected mechatronic systems und Lehre. HNI-Nachrichten, Paderborn, 2003. (e.g., vehicle convoys) are to be elaborated. HNI_2003_GB_86_104 26.02.2004 10:44 Uhr Seite 99
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Workgroup Parallel Computing Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien
Specovius, M.; Nazarov, S.A.; Videman, J.: Nonlinear DFG-Special Research Area “Massive Parallelism: Publications Artificial Boundary Conditions for the Navier-Stokes Algorithms, Design Methods, Applications“ (SFB 376) Schamberger, S.: Heuristic Graph Bisection with Less Equations in an Aperture Domain, Mathematische Sub-Project A2: Universal Basic Primitives Restrictive Balance Constraints.Proceedings of the Nachrichten Sub-Project A3: Balancing dynamic Networks: Foun- PDPTA 2003, pp. 649-655, CSREA II. ed.: H.R. Arabnia dations and Applications & Y. Mun, CSREA Press Specovius, M.; Nazarov, S.A.: Nonlinear Artificial Boundary Conditions with Pointwise Error Estimates DFG-Special Research Area “Self-Optimizing Systems Schamberger, S.: Improvements to the Helpful-Set for the Exterior Three Dimensional Navier-Stokes of Mechanical Engineering“ (SFB 614) Algorithm and a New Evaluation. Scheme for Graph Problem, Mathematische Nachrichten Sub-Project A1: Model Orientated Self Optimization Partitioners. Proceedings of the ICCSA 2003, pp. 49- 59, LNCS 2669, Springer Elsässer, R.; Kralovic, R.; Monien, B.: Sparse Topologies DFG-Central Program “Algorithms for larger and with Small Spectrum Size. Theoretical Computer Sci- more complex Networks“ Fahle, T.; Sellmann, M.: Constraint programming ence, vol 307(3), pp. 549-565 Project: “Integration of Network Concepts and fleet based lagrangian relaxation for the automatic. assignment in Flight planning“ recording problem Annals of Operations Research, pp. Schulze, J.: Towards a Tighter Coupling of Bottom-Up Research Area: Combinatorial Optimizations, Meta- 17-33, Vol. 118 and Top-Down Sparse Matrix Ordering Methods. BIT Heuristics, Airline Optimizations. Journal of Numerical Mathematics Bertels, S.; Fahle, F.: A hybrid setup for a hybrid sce- “PARPAP – Participative Personnel deployment nario: Combining heuristics for the home health care planning for the outpatient Caring Service“ problem. Proceedings of CP-AI-OR'03 Montreal, Fairs/Conferences/Seminars BMBF-Co-operative Project. Partner: VSS Company Canada 12th International Paderborn Computer Chess for Consulting, Project Management and Information Tournament, 18.02.-24.02.2003 Technology mbH, University of Karlsruhe, GAB – Feldmann, R.; Gairing, M.; Lücking, T.; Monien, B.; Company for Education Research and Career Devel- Rode, M.: Selfish Routing in Non-Cooperative Net- opment GbR, ASB – Worker-Samaritan-Association, works: A Survey. Proceedings of the 28th Internation- Additional Functions Regional Association of Bremen e.V., AKS – Outpa- al Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Com- · Member of the North-Rhine-Westphalia Academy tient Medical- and Senior Care, Bremer Care Service. puter Science (MFCS 2003), pp. 21-45, LNCS 2747, of Sciences Research Area: Combinatorial Optimization, Crew ed.: Branislav Rovan, Peter Vojtes, Springer · Chairman of the Board of Directors of the PC2 Scheduling, Vehicle Routing. · Associated Member of the HNI-Board Lücking, T.; Mavronicolas, M.; Monien, B.; Rode, M.; · Member of the Board of the "Graduate School on “UP-TV – Ubiquitous Personalised Interactive Multi- Spirakis, P.; Vrto, I.: Which is the Worst-Case Nash Dynamic Intelligent Systems" media TV Systems and Services“ Equilibrium? Proceedings of the 28th International · Member of the Board of the Graduate College EU-Project (IST-1999-20751). Partner: Bertelsmann Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Com- "Automatic Configuration in open Systems" Media Systems GmbH (D), Infonova EDV, Information puter Science (MFCS 2003), pp. 551-561, LNCS 2747, · Member of the Board of the “Paderborn Institute for Technology and System Development Company mbH Springer Scientific Computation“ (PaSCo ) (A), Pixelpark AG (D), PPS Press-Programme-Service GmbH (D), Grundig AG (D), Hellenic Broadcasting Feldmann, R.; Gairing, M.; Lücking, T.; Monien, B.; Corporation (GR), Technical University of Crete (GR), Rode, M.: Nashification and the Coordination Ratio Spin-Offs Axcent Media AG (D), NV TV Limburg (B), Intracom for a Selfish Routing Game. Proceedings of the 30th m3ITS – Multimedia & more S.A. Hellenic Telecommunications and Electronics International Colloquium on Automata, Languages Orientation and Main Field of Activity: Industry (GR) and Programming (ICALP 2003), pp. 514-526, LNCS IT-Services – in the areas of Consulting, Software UP-TV is an integrated research and development 2719, ed.: Jos C. Baeten, Jan K. Lenstra, Joachim Par- development, Networks and Servers, Multimedia (dig- project developing basic technologies for TV Anytime row, Gerhard J. Woeginger, Springer ital Audio & Video content creation, Streaming), systems and services. The research questions targeted Databases and Web Design. in this project focus on the identification of media Schamberger, S.; Wierum, J. M.: Graph Partitioning in content that has to be recorded, the placement of Scientific Simulations: Multilevel Schemes vs. Space- Tschöke Optimization Systems GmbH those media assets onto single and networked media Filling Curves. Proceedings of Conference on Parallel Orientation and Main Field of Activity: services as well as the organisation of an efficient Computing Technoligies (PACT’03), LNCS 2763, pp. The object of the company is the Development and and comfortable access to these assets. 165-179, September 2003, Springer Marketing of Software for Production planning with the help of mathematical Optimization procedures as “ALCOM-FT – Algorithms and Complexity – To Appear well as enterprise consulting. The leading producer of Future Technology“ wooden materials is among our list of clients. EU-Project (IST-1999-14186). Partner: University of Blazy, S.; Marquardt, O.: A Characteristic Algorithm Aarhus (DK), Max-Planck-Institute for Computer Sci- for the 3D Navier-Stokes using padfem_. Proceedings ence (D), Institut National de Recherche en Informa- of the Conference Parallel and Distributed, Comput- Current Research Projects tique et en Automatique INRIA (F), Computer Tech- ing and Systems (PDCS 2003) NRW-Research Network “Modeling and Simulation nology Institute (GR), Universita di Roma (I), Univer- in the Production Line of chemical Products“, siteit Utrecht (NL), University of Köln (D), Universitat Elsässer, R.; Monien, B.: Load Balancing of Unit Size “Modeling and Simulation of the Process of the Pro- Politecnica Catalunya, Barcelona (E), University of Tokens and Expansion Properties of Graphs. Proceed- duction of Solid Fuel Particles – especially powdered Warwick (UK) ings of the 15th ACM Symposium on Parallel, Algo- lacquer – by atomizing melted polymers in an ultra- The main emphasis of the project is on a novel com- rithms and Architectures (SPAA 2003), pp. 266-273 sonic-wave containment field.“ (FKZ 515-103012-01) bination of application oriented research in three Partner: The Department of Chemistry of the Univer- important areas - massive data sets, massive and Bezrukov, S.; Elsässer, R.: Edge Isoperimetric Problems sity of Paderborn (H.-J. Warnecke, H.-C. Broecker, A. complex communications and complex problems in for Cartesian Powers of Regular Graphs. Theoretical Goldschmidt), University of Stuttgart, University of production and planning, with innovative method- Computer Science, Vol. 307(3), pp. 473-492 Halle Wittenberg, DuPont Herberts Automotive Sys- ological work on experimental algorithmics and tems, UCB Chemistry GmbH. generic algorithmic methods. Blazy, S.; Kao, O.; Marquardt, O.: padfem_ -- An Effi- Research Area: Numerical Simulation, Parallel Algo- cient, Comfortable Framework for Massively Parallel rithms FEM-Applications. Proceedings of the Conference EuroPVM/MPI 2003
Elsässer, R.; Lücking, T.; Monien, B.: On Spectral Bounds for the k-Partitioning of Graphs. Theory of Computing Systems Springer , Vol. 36, pp. 461-478 HNI_2003_GB_86_104 26.02.2004 10:44 Uhr Seite 100
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“FLAGS – Foundational Aspects of Global Computing Systems“ Current Industry Co-operations EU-Project (IST-2001-33116). Partner: Computer “Use of Operations Research Procedures in Airline Technology Institute (GR), National and Kapodestrian Optimization“ University of Athens (GR), University of Cyprus (CY), Employer: Lufthansa Systems GmbH Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (E) The main emphasis of the project is to provide a uni- fying scientific framework and a coherent set of design rules for global systems resulting from the integration of autonomous interacting entities, dynamic multi-agent environments and ad-hoc mobile networks.
Workgroup Applied Physics/Integrated Optics Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler
Reza, S.; Herrmann, H.; Quiring, V.; Ricken, R.; Schiffini, A.; Paoletti, A.; Caccioli, D.; Minzioni, P.; Publications Schäfer, K.; Suche, H.; Sohler, W.: Acousto-optically Griggio, P.; Lorenzetto, G.; Cascelli, S.; Guglielmucci, Das, B.K.; Ricken, R.; Quiring, V.; Suche H.; Sohler, W.: tunable integrated Ti:Er:LiNbO3 laser. Proc. Confer- M.; Materia, F.; Tosi-Beleffi, G.; Suche, H.; Lee, Y.; “Distributed Feedback-Distributed Bragg Reflector ence Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO/Europe '03), Quiring, V.; Sohler, W.: Field demonstration of all (DFB-DBR) coupled cavity laser with Ti:(Fe:)Er:LiNbO3 Munich/Germany, paper CL1-5-THU. optical in line wavelength conversion in a WDM 40 waveguide”. Optics Letters, Vol. 29, p. 165, 2004. Gbit/s dispersion managed link using a polarization Min, Y.H.; Grundkötter, W.; Lee, J.H.; Lee, Y.L.; Quiring, insensitive Ti:PPLN converter. OFC '03, Atlanta, Baronio, F.; De Angelis, C.; Pioger, P.; Couderc, V.; V.; Sohler, W.: Efficient, all-optical wavelength con- GA/USA, March 2003. Barthélémy, A.; Min, Y.H.; Quiring, V.; Sohler, W.: Soli- version and tuning of ps-pulses in a Ti:PPLN channel ton emission at a phase mismatch boundary in a waveguide. Proc. Conference Lasers and Electro- Lee, Y.L.; Suche, H.; Min, Y.H.; Lee, J.H.; Grundkötter, quadratic nonlinear film waveguide. Opt. Lett. (to Optics (CLEO/Europe '03), Munich/Germany, paper W.; Quiring, V.; Sohler, W.: “Wavelength- and time- appear Dec. 2003). CE5-1-THU. selective all-optical channel dropping in periodically poled Ti:LiNbO3 channel waveguides”. Photon. Techn. Grundkötter, W.; Lee, J.H.; Lee, Y.L.; Min, Y.H.; Quiring, Pioger, P.; Couderc, V.; Lefort, L.; Barthélémy, A.; Baro- Lett., vol. 15, no. 7, 978-980, 2003. V.; Ricken, R.; Suche, H.; Sohler, W.: “All-optical signal nio, F.; De Angelis, C.; Min, Y.H.; Quiring, V.; Sohler, W.: processing in periodically poled Ti:LiNbO3 channel Self-trapping of short pulses in Ti:PPLN waveguides Das, B.K.; Ricken, R. ; Sohler, W.: Integrated optical guides”. CLEO/Pacific Rim '03, December 2003, at 1550 nm. Proc. Conference Lasers and Electro- distributed feedback laser with Ti:Fe:Er:LiNbO3 wave- Taipei/Taiwan (invited). Optics (CLEO/Europe '03), Munich/Germany, paper guide. Appl. Phys. Lett, vol. 82, 1515-1516, 2003. EE2-2-WED. Pioger, P.; Couderc, V.; Barthélémy, A.: “Spatial routing Grundkötter, W.; Hofmann, D.; Hübner, M.C.; Lee, Y.L.; at 125 Gbit/s based on non-collinear generation of Pioger, P.; Couderc, V.; Lefort, L.; Barthélémy, A.; Baro- Lee, J.H.; Min, Y.H.; Quiring, V.; Ricken, R.; Schreiber, self-trapped beams in Ti:PPLN film waveguides”. Pho- nio, F.; De Angelis, C.; Min, Y.; Quiring, V.; Sohler, W.: G.; Suche, H.; Sohler, W.: Nonlinear Integrated Optics ton. Techn. Lett. (to be published). Fast saturable absorber based on the excitation and with Periodically Poled Waveguides in LiNbO3. Proc. filtering of quadratic spatially trapped beams in 11th European Conference on Integrated Optics (ECIO Sohler, W.; Grundkötter, W.; Lee, J.H.; Lee, Y.L.; Min, Ti:PPLN planar waveguide at 1550 nm. Proc. Confer- '03), Prag, April 2003, Vol. 2, p. 143 (tutorial). Y.H.; Quiring, V.; Ricken, R.; Suche, H.; Schiek, R.; ence Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO/Europe '03), Pertsch, T.; Lederer, F.; Iwanow, R.; Stegeman, G.I.: Munich/Germany, paper CJ3-4-TUE. Matera, F.; Franco, P.; Schiffini, A.; Suche, H.; “All-optical wavelength conversion, amplification and Bauknecht, R.; Gaspar, M.; Corsini, R.; Paoletti, A.; switching in periodically poled Ti:LiNbO3 waveguide Pioger, P.; Couderc, V.; Barthélémy, A.; Baronio, F.; De Alberti, F.; Galtarossa, A.; Pizzinat, A.; Gloanec, M.; structures”. LEOS 2003 Annual Meeting, October Angelis, C.; Min, Y.H.; Quiring, V.; Sohler, W.: Spatial Leclerc, E.; Vidmar, M.; Montero, P.; Violas, M.; Pinto, 2003, Tucson/USA (invited). switching and spatial steering of quadratic solitons in A.; Sohler, W.; Lattanzi, L.; Guglielmucci, M.; Cascelli, a PPLN film waveguide with short pulse duration. S.; Burr, E.; Seeds, A.J.; Martelli, F.; Contestabile, G.; Baronio, F.; De Angelis, C.; Pioger, P.; Couderc, V.; Proc. Conference Lasers and Electro-Optics Curti, F.; Tosi-Beleffi, G.; Boula-Picard, R.; Michel, N.: Barthélémy, A.; Min, Y.H.; Quiring, V.; Sohler, W.: (CLEO/Europe '03), Munich/Germany, paper CP3-7- Advanced infrastructure for photonic networks – Space-Time Locking via Parametric Interaction. LEOS THU. state of the art and prospects. Conf. on Optical Net- 2003 Annual Meeting, October 2003, Tucson/USA work Design & Modelling (ONDM '03), Budapest, Feb- (invited). Reza, S.; Herrmann, H.; Quiring, V.; Ricken, R.; ruary 2003. Schäfer, K.; Suche, H.; Sohler, W.: Frequency shifted Iwanow, R.; Stegeman, G.I.; Schiek, R.; Pertsch, T.; Led- feedback Ti:Er:LiNbO3 waveguide laser of wide ten- Lee, Y.L.; Suche, H.; Min, Y.H.; Lee, J.H.; Grundkötter, erer, F.; Min, Y.; Sohler, W.: ability. Proc. 11thEuropean Conference on Integrated W.; Quiring, V.; Sohler, W.: All-optical channel drop- Parametric light mixing experiments in quadratic Optics (ECIO '03), Prag, April 2003, vol. 1, p. 167. ping by sum frequency generation in a Ti:PPLN chan- nonlinear waveguide arrays. LEOS 2003 Annual Meet- nel waveguide. Proc. CPT '03. ing, October 2003, Tucson/USA. Lee, J.H.; Min, Y.H.; Grundkötter, W.; Quiring, V.; Sohler, W.: All-optical wavelength selective switching Iwanow, R.; Stegeman, G.I.; Schiek, R.; Pertsch, T.; Led- exploiting the nonlinear phase shift induced by cas- Additional Functions erer, F.; Min, Y.; Sohler, W.: “Discrete quadratic solitons caded sum and frequency generation (cSFG/DFG) in a · Member of the Program- and Steering-Committee in one-dimensional waveguide arrays”. LEOS Annual Ti:PPLN channel waveguide. Proc. 11th European ECIO '03 Meeting, October 2003, Tucson/USA, post-deadline Conference on Integrated Optics (ECIO '03), Prag, · Member of the Advisory Committee CPT '03 paper PD 1.4. April 2003, Vol. 1, p. 101.
Pioger, P.; Couderc, V.; Lefort, L.; Barthélémy, A.; Baro- Min, J.H.; Lee, J.H.; Lee, Y.L.; Grundkötter, W.; Quiring, Current Research Projects nio, F.; De Angelis, C.; Min, Y.H.; Quiring, V.; Sohler, W.: V.; Sohler, W.: Tunable all-optical wavelength conver- ROSA Ultra-fast saturable absorber through spatial self- sion of 5-ps pulses by cascaded sum- and difference (Ultrafast All-Optical Signal Processing in Engineered trapping and filtering in Ti:PPLN film waveguides. frequency generation (cSFG/DFG) in a Ti:PPNL wave- Quadratic Nonlinear Waveguides) – supported by EU Appl. Phys. B 77, no. 6-7, 571-576, 2003. guide. OFC '03, Atlanta, GA/USA, March 2003. HNI_2003_GB_86_104 26.02.2004 10:44 Uhr Seite 101
Additional Activities 101
ATLAS (All-optical Terabit per second LAmbda Shifted Current Industry Co-operations Transmission) – supported by EU Within the EU-project ATLAS with: · Pirelli Labs, Mailand/Italien Research group "Integrierte Optik in Lithiumniobat: · United Monolithic Semiconductors SAS, Neue Bauelemente, Schaltkreise und Anwendungen" Orsay/Frankreich (Integrated Optics in Lithium Niobate: new devices, · Thales, Paris/Frankreich circuits and applications) – supported by the DFG · Optospeed, Zürich/Schweiz with the following individual projects: · A1 "MgO-doped, periodically poled waveguides in stoichiometric LiNbO3" · B1 "Parametric fluorescence generators and oscillators for the mid-infrared"
40 Gbps Lithium Niobate Optical Modulator – supported by Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI)
Workgroup Philosophy of Science and Technology Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus
Publications Fairs/Conferences/Seminars Current Recearch Projects Peckhaus, V.: Regressive Analysis. In: Meixner, U.; Foundations of Formal Sciences IV: The History Formal languages as universal languages and Neven, A. (eds.): Philosophiegeschichte und logische of the Concept of the Formal Sciences the origins of formal logic. Analyse. Logical Analysis and History of Philosophy, Determination and development of formal sciences vol. 5, pp. 97-110. Paderborn: Mentis 2002. in synchronic and diachronic perspectives. Scientific Biography of Ernst Zermelo (1871-1953). Bonn, 14–17 February 2003. Peckhaus, V.; Kahle, R.: Hilbert's Paradox. In: Historia Mathematica 29 ( 2002), pp. 157-175. Additional Functions Peckhaus, V.: Oskar Beckers Stellung in der Geschichte · Member of the editorial board of the journal der Modallogik. In: Gethmann-Siefert, A.; Mittelstraß, Modern Logic. J. (eds.): Die Philosophie und die Wissenschaften. Zum · Member of the editorial board of the journal Werk Oskar Beckers, pp. 161-184, Neuzeit & Gegen- Historia Mathematica. wart, München: Fink 2002. · Member of the scientific committee of the journal Philosophia Scientiae. Travaux d'histoire et de Peckhaus, V.: Die Entdeckung der Leibnizschen Logik. philosophie des sciences (Nancy). In: Löffladt, G.; Toepell, M. (eds.): Medium Mathe- · Review Editor for history of logic of the journal matik. Anregungen zu einem interdisziplinären Bulletin of Symbolic Logic. Gedankenaustausch, vol. 1, 149-169, Mathe- · Member of the Program Committee of Section D 1: matikgeschichte und Unterricht 2, Hildesheim/Berlin: History of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Franzbecker 2002. Science, 12th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, Oviedo, Spain, 7 to 13 August 2003.
Workgroup Cognitive Psychology Prof. Dr. phil. hist. Manfred Wettler
Wettler, M.; Blome, F.: Assoziatives Lernen, Wortstatis- Publications tiken und die Beziehung zwischen Fußball und Krieg. Current Research Projects Wettler, M.: Free word associations and the frequency Zeitschrift für Medienpsychologie (in Überarbeitung). “Wie können Häufigkeitsschätzungen systematisch of co-occurrence in language use. In P. Sedlmeier & beeinflusst werden? – Assoziatives Vorwissen und T. Betsch (eds.), Etc. Frequency Processing and Cogni- Wettler, M.; Seidensticker, P.: Learning free word asso- Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse“, supported by DFG tion. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002, ciations from texts. To appear in Proceedings of the p. 151-171. 25th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Wettler, M.: Durch Reden Denken lernen. In Krauthausen, G. (Hrg.), Festschrift für Hartmut Spiegel, 2004 (im Druck). HNI_2003_GB_86_104 26.02.2004 10:44 Uhr Seite 102
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HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE Interdisciplinary Research Center for Computer Science and Technology Fuerstenallee 11, 33102 Paderborn Phone +49(0)5251/60 62 11 Fax +49(0)5251/60 62 12 wwwhni.upb.de
Members of Board of Directors Professor Group: Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier * Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil-Slawik * Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Lückel Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz-Josef Rammig (President) * Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert * Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler Prof. Dr. Volker Peckhaus Prof. Dr. phil. hist. Manfred Wettler * Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallaschek * Members of Executive Board
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