HNI Annual Report 2004.Pdf

HNI_2004_U1_U6_Titel_GB 14.02.2005 11:37 Uhr Seite 1

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUT Interdisciplinary Research Cente Fuerstenallee 11, 33102 Paderbo Phone +49(0)5251|60 62 11 Fax +49(0)5251|60 62 12 http://wwwhni.upb.de

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE

Members of Board of Directors Professor Group: Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gause Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil- Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm M Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckha Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz-Jose Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallasch Prof. Dr. phil. hist. Manfred * Members of Executive Board

Academic Staff: Markus Hohenhaus 2004 Sabina Rips

Non-Academic Staff: Annual Report 2004 Karsten Mette Student Group: Michael Köster Annual Report Members of Curatorship Nominated by Stiftung Westfal Dr. Horst Nasko, Deputy Ch Heinz Paus, Mayor of the C Prof. Dr. Hartwig Steusloff, Institute of Information an

Nominated by the University: Prof. Dr. Thomas Lengauer, Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Nikolaus R Prof. Dr. Holm Tetens, Freie

Jointly nominated: Prof. Dr. Otto K. Ferstl, Otto HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE Prof. Dr. Klaus Waldschmidt

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Engelbert HNI_2004_U1_U6_Titel_GB 14.02.2005 11:39 Uhr Seite 1

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE Interdisciplinary Research Center for Computer Science and Technology Fuerstenallee 11, 33102 Paderborn Phone +49(0)5251|60 62 11 Fax +49(0)5251|60 62 12 http://wwwhni.upb.de

Members of Board of Directors Professor Group: Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier * Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil-Slawik Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide (President) * Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz-Josef Rammig * Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert * Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallaschek Prof. Dr. phil. hist. Manfred Wettler * * Members of Executive Board

Academic Staff: Markus Hohenhaus Sabina Rips

Non-Academic Staff: Karsten Mette

Student Group: Michael Köster

Members of Curatorship Nominated by Stiftung Westfalen: Dr. Horst Nasko, Deputy Chairman and CEO of Board of SNI AG retd. Heinz Paus, Mayor of the City Paderborn Prof. Dr. Hartwig Steusloff, Head of Fraunhofer Institute Institute of Information and Data Processing Karlsruhe

Nominated by the University: Prof. Dr. Thomas Lengauer, Max-Planck-Institut for Computer Science Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Nikolaus Risch, Principal of the University of Paderborn Prof. Dr. Holm Tetens, Freie Universität of Berlin

Jointly nominated: Prof. Dr. Otto K. Ferstl, Otto Friedrich University of Bamberg Prof. Dr. Klaus Waldschmidt, University of Frankfurt Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Engelbert Westkämper, University of Stuttgart HNI_2004_U1_U6_Titel_GB 14.02.2005 11:40 Uhr Seite 2

Statistics of the Institute Statistics of the HNI Work

Academic Profile of the Interdisciplinary Institute Scientific Results/Publications of the HNI Wor

15 Dipl.-Ingenieur/in Elektrotechnik 5 Master Sc. Electrical Engineering

14 Dipl.-Wirtschaftsingenieur/in Fertigungstechnik 10 Dipl.-Wirtschaftsingenieur/in Elektrotechnik

1 Juniorprofessor Dr.-Ing. 20 PhD Theses 1 Juniorprofessor Dr. rer. nat. 21 Dipl.-Ingenieur/in Maschinenbau 1 Hochschuldozent Dr. rer. nat. 4 Master Sc. Mechanical Engineering 1 Dipl.-Medienwissenschaftler 1 Magister Philosophie 1 Bachelor Mechanical Engineering 1 Magistra Romanistik, Germanistik 1 Dipl.-Pädagoge/Dipl.-Chemiker 5 Dipl.-Wirtschaftsinformatiker/in 1 Dipl.-Psychologin 117 Master Theses 4 Dipl.-Physiker/in 3 Dr.-Physik 1 Dr.-Phil. 14 Dr. rer. nat.

5 Dr.-Ing. External Funds of the HNI Workgroups Mill. EURO 4 Dipl.-Mathematiker/in

7 Master Sc. Informatics 49 Dipl.-Informatiker/in 8

7 Activities of Employees with PhD (since Foundation of the Institute 1987) 6

52 Scientific Research 85 Industrial Research 5 and Lectureship and Development 4

1 16 Self-employed 0 66 Management 1995 1996 1997 1998

Jobs of the Spin-Offs of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute in the year 2004 Number of Employees dSpace: approx. 533 Employees UNITY AG: approx. 120 Employees Number of Employees of the HNI Workgroups 100 … Number of Employees Professors 90 … 80 140 70

60 120 50 100 40

30 80 20 60 10

0 40 GmbH GmbH GmbH 20 ScMi AG UNITY AG Dr. Ketterer Dr. NetSkill AG CentConsult IPT Software Pro. X GmbH Altanis GmbH Entrice GmbH dSpace GmbH FASTEC GmbH 0 IML Fraunhofer Oak Technology iXtronics GmbH myview systems Beratungs GmbH Padersonic GmbH Padersonic Multimedia & more

ATHENA Technologie ATHENA 1995 1996 1997 1998 HNI_2004_U1_U6_Titel_GB 14.02.2005 11:44 Uhr Seite 2

Statistics of the HNI Workgroups

Scientific Results/Publications of the HNI Workgroups

eering echnik

nenbau 20 PhD Theses 297 Publications eering eering tiker/in 117 Master Theses

External Funds of the HNI Workgroups Mill. EURO *estimated value tiker/in 8

0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004*

Number of Employees of the HNI Workgroups Number of Employees Professors Research Staff Technical and Administrative Staff Trainees

140

120

100

GmbH 20

0 Oak Technology 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 HNI_2004_03_17_GB 14.02.2005 10:56 Uhr Seite 3

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE

Annual Report 2004

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn HNI_2004_03_17_GB 14.02.2005 10:57 Uhr Seite 4

4 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2004

Contents Contents

General Description

Cover inside Statistics of the Institute

Cover inside Statistics of the HNI Workgroups

Page 6 Vision of the Institute

Page 8 The Research Program

Page 12 Distinguished Research at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute

Page 16 Commitment to support young Researcher

Additional Activities

Page 88 Publications

Fairs/Conferences/Seminars,

Patents, Prizes/Awards,

Additional Functions, Spin-Offs,

Current Research Projects,

Current Industry Co-operations and

Scientific Co-operations

Page 111 Imprint HNI_2004_03_17_GB 14.02.2005 10:57 Uhr Seite 5

Contents 5

HNI Workgroups

Page 20 Business Computing, especially CIM Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier

Page 28 Computer Integrated Manufacturing Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Page 36 Computers and Society Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil-Slawik

Page 42 Algorithms and Complexity Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide

Page 48 Design of Distributed Embedded Systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

Page 56 System and Circuit Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert

Page 62 Mechatronics and Dynamics Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallaschek

Page 70 Parallel Computing Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien

Page 74 Applied Physics/Integrated Optics Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler

Page 78 Philosophy of Science and Technology Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus Associated Page 82 Cognitive Psychology Prof. Dr. phil. hist. Manfred Wettler Workgroups

Page 86 Computer Operation Activities Dipl.-Inform. Markus Hohenhaus HNI_2004_03_17_GB 14.02.2005 10:57 Uhr Seite 6

6 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2004

Heinz Nixdorf HNI_2004_03_17_GB 14.02.2005 10:57 Uhr Seite 7

Vision of the Institute 7

Vision of the Institute

We are currently experiencing the evolution Commitment to training and education from national industrial societies to a global We are intensely committed to training and information society. Information and com- education our students and graduates and munication technology is affecting all areas giving them the necessary qualifications so of life: the boundaries we knew in the past that they can help shape the future. are no longer relevant. Yet we are also noticing that fewer and fewer people are Measurable goals being employed in the more traditional sec- Strategic action is based on measurable tors of industry, which is why many regard goals. We set ourselves three main goals: the current transition as a threat and would 1) The research work must be excellent. rather preserve the status quo. We measure it by our external funds, However, the progression to a global by the number of doctorates and habili- information society offers many opportuni- tations as well as by the number of pub- ties and much scope for creativity: new lications in respected media. proficiencies and workplaces are continuing 2) The number of innovations in products to emerge. and processes of services in industry Our research focuses on a symbiosis of that result from our work should be very computer science and engineering and aims high in comparison with other institutes. to provide decisive impetus for new pro- 3) Our graduates receive appropriate ducts and services for the global markets employment in the business or scientific of tomorrow. Our activities will create new world. workplaces and sustain prospority. The problems we have to solve are com- In this way, we are following the vision of plex. There are numerous influences that Heinz Nixdorf, the founder of our institute. must be considered from areas such as natural sciences, technology, economics, ecolo- gy and the social environment. We are adopting an interdisciplinary approach because we see that this offers the best possibility to find solutions for complex problems.

Balance between basic research and applied research We want to be a leading research institute. To succeed in this aim, we have to be able to give decisive impetus in practice but also be able to recognise problems of tomorrow early on and find solutions. We place the same value on basic research, which opens new horizons and offers new opportunities, and applied research, which refers to what is currenty happening in practise. HNI_2004_03_17_GB 14.02.2005 10:57 Uhr Seite 8

8 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2004

The Research Program

While recognizing that our institute relies on the cre- What we do creates benefits ativity and productivity of our researchers, we try to We strive to create product and process innovations in constantly focus their skills in core areas because we the core areas mentioned. This in turn stimulates the know that this is what we have to do in the long term innovative behaviour of the people in the relevant orga- to achieve the best performance. These core areas are nizations. We therefore also look at the interaction derived from our institute model and are designed to between product and process innovations and behav- meet the challenges of the future global information ioural innovations, all of which should increase the com- society. We are focusing on the following four core areas petitiveness of the companies with whom we work or at present: provide a future perspective for new companies that emerge on the basis of our work. Our innovations should • Intelligent technical systems. add benefit wherever possible. It is also particularly • Networks and mobility. important to us in this regard that research findings be • Human-Machine interaction. implemented quickly in practice. We are ideally equipped • Strategies for the products of tomorrow. to do this, because we amalgamate basic research, applied research and industrial experience. HNI_2004_03_17_GB 14.02.2005 10:58 Uhr Seite 9

The Research Program 9

Intelligent Technical Systems Participating HNI research groups: Our technical environment is already fully IT ready. Some 20 bil- • Business Computing, especially CIM (Prof. Dangelmaier) lion microprocessors have been produced to date, i.e. more than • Computer Integrated Manufacturing (Prof. Gausemeier) three for every member of the world's population. Nevertheless, • Parallel Computing (Prof. Monien) this process is only in its infancy. The vast majority of IT-related • Design of Parallel Systems (Prof. Rammig) applications in technical systems to date can be characterized as • System and Circuit Technology (Prof. Rückert) elementary control and arithmetic operations. • Mechatronics and Dynamics (Prof. Wallaschek)

Greater autonomy, flexibility, ability to learn and proactive Networks and Mobility behaviour Combining mobility and networking opens up new perspectives. Even if this step has already led to an enormous increase in the Networks have become indispensable elements of our life: The performance of technical systems, the potential to increase this Internet has turned the world into a global village, technical sys- even further is by no means exhausted. Future systems will be tems, such as vehicles, contain a high figure of connected com- characterized by considerably more autonomy, adaptability, flexi- ponents, while closely coupled parallel systems allow resolution of bility, ability to learn and proactive behaviour. This behaviour will the most complex problems. We are currently experiencing a radi- no longer be dictated fully by developers, rather will be predeter- cal change toward mobility, with mobile stations emerging in mined by particular behavioural patterns, which will then be place of location-dependent stations. implemented by these intelligent systems as the situation However, the critical performance explosion can be expected demands. from the linking of networking and mobility. Major driving forces • Autonomy: Intelligent technical systems are not limited to emerging from the networking of systems and system users detailed and precise preplanned behaviour. Rather they have include the ubiquitous availability of global knowledge, the a broad range of behavioural patterns at their disposal, potential to impact any remote objects, the ability to develop within the framework of which they can act autonomously. cooperative all-in solutions and the bundling of performance and • Adaptability: The adaptability familiar from the area of con- service. By combining such potential with the aspect of mobility, trol technology, can be built on considerably with intelligent its use is no longer restricted to a fixed workplace, rather is systems. Thus, adaptation can be performed on the basis of accessible from anywhere, even while moving. On the other hand, strategic objectives and taking account of the most varied specific information of a system or user's geographic location can environmental data. now also be recorded and used selectively (location based solu- • Flexibility: Intelligent technical systems do not have to be tions). Three application scenarios are presented below as exam- pre-tailored for specific tasks. They can offer a variety of ples that connect these two aspects: capabilities that are only partially required at different a) Streetcars can use information about their current positions times. and the positions of other vehicles within a certain radius to • Ability to learn: Intelligent systems can assess past behav- cooperate in illuminating the roadway clearly (without daz- iour based on self-reflection and derive future behavioural zling) and equally in the dark. patterns from this. Autonomy and adaptability are of course b) Mobile radio stations can use the information about their posi- prerequisites for this ability to learn. tions and the positions of other devices to build up and oper- • Proactive behaviour: If systems can make decisions in terms ate a comprehensive communication network without base of their future behaviour based on knowledge of past and stations (mobile ad hoc networks). The aspect of cooperation present situations as well as environmental factors, such also plays a major role in this case. systems are referred to as proactive systems. This behaviour c) Wireless, networked mobile systems comprising notebooks and can be made even more efficient if account is also taken of PDAs offer functionalities that come up to the standard of net- possible and probable future behaviour of environmental worked, location-based computer systems. factors.

SFB 614 and International Graduate School as leading contributions to basic research All of these aspects play a central role for self-optimizing systems. The special new research initiative 614 “Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures Mechanical Engineering” provides extensive basic research for intelligent technical systems in the future. The leading role played by the HNI in the “International Graduate School of Dynamic Intelligent Systems” is also part of this. HNI_2004_03_17_GB 14.02.2005 10:58 Uhr Seite 10

10 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2004

This vision is naturally linked with a variety of challenges, intelligence but also about using the machine intelligently. It is including: just as important that human/computer interfaces are adapted to • How should globally accessible information be selectively the sensory and motor capabilities of humans as to their cognitive filtered and enabled for use? abilities. On the one hand, therefore, this involves traditional • How can efficient communication structures be set up interfaces to interactive systems and on the other hand commu- and maintained? nication and cooperative processing functions. • How can remote objects with predictable and controllable With the increasing integration of electronic functions in latency be influenced? devices and products, the wealth of user interfaces they offer is • How can a minimum bandwidth and maximum also expanding. Ergonomic principles and concepts of universal transmission times be guaranteed over communication usability should ensure that in an environment with heteroge- channels (Quality of Service)? neous and mobile devices these devices can be handled uniformly • In terms of mobile use, how can the necessary energy despite different properties and functions. Complex applications supply to the communication devices be guaranteed? such as assistant systems for vehicles and multimedia-based • How can distributed algorithms be implemented over teaching and learning also demand the linking of functionality only partially secure and constantly changing communi- and interaction in a completely new way. cation networks? • How can the position and direction of movement be The quality of use ultimately determines the success of a system determined and predicted precisely in the case of mobile Our goal is to link high technical quality with high user quality. In communication partners? order to acquire the relevant knowledge to do this, theoretical principles are defined and studies carried out on suitability for use SFB 376 and Graduate College as essential contributions to of devices and the everyday suitability of complex technical con- basic research figurations. New innovative solutions are being developed for The Heinz Nixdorf Institute devotes itself to such questions in interaction between humans and machines in order to open up the framework of the Collaborative Research Centres 376 new implementation perspectives (e.g. wearable computing). One “Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms, Design Methods, of our special strengths in this regard is to combine in practical Applications”, of the “Graduate College of Automatic Configu- terms the underlying principles, empirical findings and innova- ration in Open Systems” and the “International Graduate School tions in complex user scenarios. of Dynamic Intelligent Systems”. Participating HNI research groups: Participating HNI research groups: • Computer Integrated Manufacturing (Prof. Gausemeier) • Business Computing, especially CIM (Prof. Dangelmaier) • Computers and Society (Prof. Keil-Slawik) • Algorithms and Complexity (Prof. Meyer auf der Heide) • Algorithms and Complexity (Prof. Meyer auf der Heide) • Parallel Computing (Prof. Monien) • Parallel Computing (Prof. Monien) • Design of Parallel Systems (Prof. Rammig) • System and Circuit Technology (Prof. Rückert) • System and Circuit Technology (Prof. Rückert) • Mechatronics and Dynamics (Prof. Wallaschek) • Applied Physics/Integrated Optics (Prof. Sohler) • Cognitive Psychology (Prof. Wettler) • Mechatronics and Dynamics (Prof. Wallaschek) Strategies for the Products of Tomorrow Human-Machine Interaction Production is an important area for the future. While the computer may be ubiquitous, the opportunities offered Production includes all activities in relation to the development, by information and communication technology seem only to be manufacturing and marketing of a product. Production creates constrained by our imagination. An imaginary space is created, jobs and prosperity. Our activities therefore ultimately lead to the which we refer to as Cyberspace, in which people communicate, question as to how we can stimulate production. work together and share experiences. To most people, the access to this world seems abstract and not highly intuitive, because What counts is foresight. This is our destiny looking into Cyberspace from our computer monitors is like look- Competition is tough in the global village, offering good opportu- ing through a keyhole. nities for the hardy. Yet competitive situations are changing constantly. What seems like a good opportunity today and is stimu- Tailoring technologies such as VR, AR and software agents to the lating investment, may be obsolete tomorrow. It is no longer ade- abilities of the human being quate in the face of such dramatic change to simply solve the New technologies, such as Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality and obvious problems of the present; this will not necessarily allow Software Agents offer us fascinating opportunities for overcom- the challenges of the future to be tackled. Foresight and a strate- ing these deficits. We know that it's not just about the machine's gic approach are called for, i.e. the success potentials of tomorrow HNI_2004_03_17_GB 14.02.2005 10:58 Uhr Seite 11

The Research Program 11

must be recognized early on and exploited in well-timed. We are • Processes: We design business processes at this level predestined to achieve this, because we anticipate the problems of according to the motto “structure follows strategy” so tomorrow in our research and develop suitable solutions. that the strategy can be implemented. The services we provide help global players as well as small • Systems: IT and communications systems are deployed at and medium sized companies. Globally active companies seek out this level, which support the well-structured business attractive markets and sites with highly developed production, processes. logistical and supplier structures. Apart from the actual product Effectiveness and efficiency are hence twin goals for us. This that is being supplied, the product-related service and the sus- characterizes us in particular. We apply the toolset described to tainability of the benefits offered are becoming increasingly the three main business processes in a manufacturing company: important for small and medium sized companies, who frequently 1) the product development process (product development and want to be active in these structures. manufacturing planning), 2) the manufacturing process (industrial automation) and 3) the order processing process (procurement, A toolset for future-oriented company management production and distribution logistics). We offer a comprehensive toolset for designing production for the future. This approach covers four levels, which are generally Participating HNI research groups: worked through from top to bottom. • Business Computing, especially CIM (Prof. Dangelmaier) • Foresight (scenario): At this level, we anticipate • Computer Integrated Manufacturing (Prof. Gausemeier) developments in markets and technologies in order to • System and Circuit Technology (Prof. Rückert) recognize opportunities but also threats to established • Mechatronics and Dynamics (Prof. Wallaschek) business early on. • Strategies: At this level, we develop business, product and technology strategies in order to exploit these recognized opportunities well-timed.

Innovation of • products, • processes and • teamwork in practice

Structure of the Research Program of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute Source: Olaf Schmidt HNI_2004_03_17_GB 14.02.2005 10:58 Uhr Seite 12

12 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2004

Distinguished Research at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute

“Collaborative Research Centres are long standing research institutions in universities in which scientists work together in the framework of interdisciplinary research programs. […] Collaborative Research Centres allow demanding, complex and long-term research projects to be handled by concentrating and coordinating the skills available in a university.” (translated from the original German: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: Annual Report 2001, page 110).

This characterization of Collaborative Research Centres (Sonderfor- schungsbereiche, SFBs) formulated by the Deutsche Forschungsge- meinschaft coincides with the assertion by the Heinz Nixdorf Insti- tute to contribute to solving complex tasks through the interaction of computer scientists, engineers and economists. Consequently, the two special research initiatives of our university – SFB 376 “Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms, Design Methods and Applications” (since 1995) and SFB 614 “Self-optimizing Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering” (since 2002) – have emerged under the responsibility and leading involvement of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. Some 100 scientists are involved, with over 40 of these financed by the DFG. With DELIS – Dynamically Evolving Large-scale Information Sys- tems – researchers of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute assumed co-ordina- tion and control of an European Union Research Project for the first time, starting in january 2004. It is comparable to one funding period of a Collaborative Research Centre in amount and extend. Both Collaborative Research Centres and DELIS strongly charac- terize the basic research and are an expression of the excellence of the research carried out by the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. HNI_2004_03_17_GB 14.02.2005 10:58 Uhr Seite 13

Distinguished Research at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute 13

SFB 376 “Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms, Design Methods and Applications” Speaker: Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide

Networks have become an indispensable part of our world, for The research program is subdivided into the project areas example as high-performance computers, as communication and Algorithms, Design Methods and Applications. The algorithmic information systems, or as planning and control components for orientation contributes to particularly efficient, i.e. runtime-opti- transport and production systems. The ever-increasing complexity mizing solutions. Design techniques for embedded real-time sys- of such systems constantly presents new challenges for computer tems and for specialized hardware are being developed in method scientists and engineers. based areas. Both the algorithmic and methodological work is SFB 376 began working in 1995 with the aim of developing evaluated in applications. We therefore consciously selected methods and techniques for exploiting the computational capa- applications that present challenges for our methods and tech- bilities of parallel processor networks and for demonstrating the niques. performance of the algorithmic solutions and the design methods produced for embedded, distributed (technical) systems on the http://www.upb.de/sfb376 basis of a variety of applications. Since then, the SFB has made essential contributions to this topic area and acquired international reputation. In addition, it takes account of the rapidly growing importance of networks as communication and information systems as mentioned above. Apart from the aspect of parallel high-performance computers, research has therefore begun to focus increasingly on areas such as usability of heterogeneous dynamic networks, for example mobile, wireless communication networks consisting of notebooks or mobile phones. This research branch has become increasingly important during the last year, and intensive cooperation with the EU-project DELIS are grown. HNI_2004_03_17_GB 14.02.2005 10:59 Uhr Seite 14

14 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2004

SFB 614 “Self-optimizing Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering” Speaker: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Most modern engineering products already make use of the close interaction between classical mechanics, electronics, control engineering and software that is known as “mechatronics”. Information technology is an essential driver of this development, which will enable future systems with inherent “intelligence”. We denote this perspective by the term of “self-optimization”. The self-optimization process of a technical system is characterized by the ability to modify system targets endogenously according to changing environmental conditions and, as a result, a target-compliant, autonomous adaptation of the parameter and if necessary the structure and the behaviour of the system. Therefore, self-optimization reaches far beyond basic known control- and adaptation strategies; self-optimization allows for systems with inherent “intelligence”, which are able to respond independently and flexibly to changing environmental conditions. Starting in July 2002, the Collaborative Research Centre pur- sues the long-term goal to open up the active paradigm of self- optimization for mechanical engineering and to develop a toolkit for the design and construction of such systems. The resulting research program is based on three hypotheses and is set up for Non-predictable influences lead to the change of the target sys- a decade. tem (travel time, comfort, power requirement, noise emission etc.) ➔ Hypothesis 1: The active paradigm of self-optimization opens and accordingly to the adjustment of the system behaviour. up fascinating prospects for mechanical engineering and related industries that cannot be made available through advanced control engineering, such as adaptive control. 3 | Implemented assembly groups and systems: This work is ➔ Hypothesis 2: In terms of software engineering, intelligent based on the research infrastructure of the “Neue Bahntechnik functional groups of mechanical engineering can be understood Paderborn” that includes a test track, which is operating since as software agents. Accordingly, a complex mechatronic system 2003. Assembly groups of autonomous vehicles (linear-drive- that is based on cooperation of multiple functional groups is module, energy management and suspension- and tilt-module), called a multiagent system. as well as a convoy simulation are realized. This demonstrates ➔ Hypothesis 3: The design and construction of self-optimizing that self-optimization opens up remarkable potentials for bene- systems of mechanical engineering calls for novel approaches and fits. methods that far exceeds the once already known today in design methodology. 4 | Design methodology: By means of realized systems it is demonstrated, how such self-optimizing systems are to be The research activities of the first period merge into four focal designed. Our focus was the domain-spreading design of a prin- points: ciple solution, for which no archetype exists, neither in the area 1 | Basic concepts: In essence, those include systematics of sys- of mechatronics nor for self-optimizing systems of mechanical tem adaption and self-optimization. This work is published in the engineering. Another focus was the modelling of software for HNI proceeding: FRANK, U.; GIESE, H.; KLEIN, F.; OBERSCHELP; O.; the implementation of self-optimization. SCHMIDT, A.; SCHULZ, B.; VÖCKING, H.; WITTING, K.; GAUSEMEIER, J. (Hrsg.): Selbstoptimierende Systeme des Maschinenbaus – With these results, the three hypotheses have been approved Definitionen und Konzepte. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 155, as an interim result. The results reflect an important milestone Paderborn, 2004. in terms of the long-term goals mentioned above.

2 | Architecture of self-optimizing systems: The focal point http://www.sfb614.de here is the so-called Operator-Controller-Module (OCM). It extends the conventional control engineering by cognitive abilities and provides the fundamentals for the structuring of complex systems of mechanical engineering in the sense of a multiagent-system. HNI_2004_03_17_GB 14.02.2005 10:59 Uhr Seite 15

Distinguished Research at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute 15

The European Integrated Project DELIS “Dynamically Evolving Large-scale Information Systems”

Goals of DELIS are: 1. To understand the structure, self organization, and dynamics of large scale information systems like the internet, the World Wide Web, peer-to-peer systems, with support of methods from statistical physics. Information Systems like the physical Internet, the World 2. To provide methods, techniques and tools for controlling and Wide Web, telecommunication networks, mobile ad-hoc net- optimizing such systems, using, among others, large scale works, or peer-to-peer networks have reached a level that optimization techniques and inspirations from biology. puts them beyond our ability to deploy them, manage them, 3. To apply methods from market mechanism and game theory and keep them functioning correctly through traditional in order to understand and to organize the competition of techniques. Reasons for this are their sheer size with millions factors in the system for resources like bandwidth, computing of users and interconnected devices and their dynamics; they power, data etc. evolve dynamically over time, i.e., components change or are 4. To demonstrate the capabilities of our methods, techniques removed or inserted permanently. For such systems, we have and tools in two application areas of high scientific and to abandon the goal of global optimality. economic impact: The objective of the DELIS project therefore is to develop self-regulating and self-repairing mechanisms that, on the – a management platform for telecommunication networks one hand, are decentralized, scalable, and adapt to changes that integrates the wide range of current and future data in their environments. On the other hand, these decentralized formats and services, and mechanisms have to lead to a globally acceptable behaviour, avoiding undesirable or unstable situations. – a decentralized, self-organizing Web search engine based We believe that the combination of insights from statisti- on a peer-to-peer architecture, where peers collaborate in cal physics, market mechanisms, and biological and social order to answer search request with higher result quality behaviour with advanced algorithmic research in Computer than current centralized search engines. Science is the right combination of expertise necessary to develop methods, techniques, and tools to cope with such To accomplish this work, we have set up a consortium of 19 insti- challenges imposed by large scale information systems, and tutions from 11 European countries, led by Prof. Dr. Friedhelm to contribute to the world-wide effort in complex systems Meyer auf der Heide, who presents the Paderborn site together research towards understanding the principles necessary to with Prof. Dr. Burkhard Monien and Prof. Dr. Odej Kao. The project manage such systems. started in January 2004.

http://delis.upb.de HNI_2004_03_17_GB 14.02.2005 10:59 Uhr Seite 16

16 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2004

Heinz Nixdorf Ins Graduate Coll Int. Graduate School: http Notebook University: h

Commitment to support young Researcher

The Heinz Nixdorf Institute is intensively committed to the train- Graduate College ing and education of students and graduate students studying for The Heinz Nixdorf Institute has been operating graduate colleges their doctorates with the aim of giving them the start they need since 1992 with the aim of offering a learn- and research am- to shape the future. A very special feature of the Heinz Nixdorf biance to graduators, which will allow them a graduation within Institute is the close interaction between information science, a period of two to three years. After first graduate college “Parallel natural science, engineering science and economics as well as Computer Networks in Production Technology” under the man- aspects of social and cultural sciences. This interaction takes place agement of Prof. Dr. Meyer auf der Heide finished in 2001 after within the framework of more than 170 assistant and doctorate nine years' sponsorship by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft positions in the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. Our dedication to pro- (DFG), the second graduate college “Automatic Configuration in moting a new generation is expressed in particular in the two Open Systems” startet its work after a successful application at graduate colleges, the leading involvement of the Heinz Nixdorf the DFG. Institute in the first International Graduate School at the Univer- It is run under the management of Prof. Dr. Rückert and is sity of Paderborn as well as in our commitment to developing sponsored by the Heinz Nixdorf Institute itself as well as by DFG. innovative services for improving the training infrastructure. The plan is for up to 17 scholarship holders to work closely with the two existing Collaborative Research Centres at the Heinz Nix- dorf Institute in the framework of the second college, i.e. SFB 376 “Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms, Design Methods, Appli- cations” and SFB 614 “Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures of Mechanical Engineering”. The interdisciplinary work in the college together with the technical specialization of the individual faculties offer graduates a considerable advantage and significantly increase the quality of the scientific work. HNI_2004_03_17_GB 14.02.2005 10:59 Uhr Seite 17

Commitment to support young Researcher 17

stitute: http://wwwhni.upb.de/ lege: http://wwwhni.upb.de/gk/ tp://www.upb.de/graduateschool/ http://hrz.upb.de/uni-mobilis/

International Graduate School Notebook University The International Graduate School “Dynamic Intelligent Systems”, Apart from institutional activities, the Heinz Nixdorf Institute in which was founded in autumn 2001, is one of six institutions sup- cooperation with the University of Paderborn supports the change ported by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia to promote top from a configuration-oriented to a service-oriented infrastructure. young specialists in natural sciences areas. Highly qualified gradu- A key aspect of this is the project sponsored in the framework of ates can study strategically for their doctorate within a three-year the promotion and development program “New Media in Educa- period in the framework of a course of doctorate studies, motivation - Notebook University”, i.e. “Uni-Mobilis: Mobile use of infra- ted by intensive support. In the framework of this NRW program, structures to promote learning through the setting up of a consis- the International Graduate School “Dynamic Intelligent Systems” tent service infrastructure” under the project management of is the only institution involved in the area of application-oriented Prof. Dr. Keil-Slawik. The project focuses on the comprehensive IT. An interdisciplinary approach, internationality and excellence and consistent use of digital media with the aim of achieving a are the trademarks of the institution, managed scientifically by new level of quality in training. This combination of quality Prof. Dr. Schäfer. The International Graduate School makes a sig- improvement and rationalization demands the setting up of a ser- nificant contribution to the development of the OWL region and vice infrastructure, which in a sense is uncharted territory for the Paderborn as a scientific site. University of Paderborn, but on the other hand allows it to con- Research at the English-speaking institution focuses on the solidate its existing commitment to being a “University of the enhanced development of dynamically linked systems. Such sys- Information Society” and elevates it to a new level of develop- tems are characterized by the replacement or modification of ment. software and hardware during their operational phase. Overall, the four application areas of economics, mechanical Eight professors from the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and another engineering, chemistry and chemical engineering, as well as eight professors from the University of Paderborn coached in the mathematics and information science are involved in the wide- year under review 49 students from 13 countries. At the end of scale implementation. the year the first students submitted their PhD-theses in due time. Within the International Graduate Program (IPP) of the Ger- man Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and the German Research Foundation (DFG), the International Graduate School has been supported as a center of scientific excellence since 2002. The companies DaimlerChrysler, Hella, Siemens and Unity cooperate with the International Graduate School and finance some PhD- projects.

Heinz Nixdorf Institute: http://wwwhni.upb.de/ Graduate College: http://wwwhni.upb.de/gk/ Int. Graduate School: http://www.upb.de/graduateschool/ Notebook University: http://hrz.upb.de/uni-mobilis/ HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:09 Uhr Seite 18

18 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2004 HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:09 Uhr Seite 19

Workgroup Portraits 19

Workgroup Portraits Workgroup Portraits

HNI Workgroups

Business Computing, especially CIM Producing Economically in Germany Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier

Computer Integrated Manufacturing Recognizing and Exploiting Success Potentials of Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Computers and Society Cooperative Knowledge Organization – Orientation in Diversity Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil-Slawik

Algorithms and Complexity High Performance = Innovative Computer Systems + Efficient Algorithms Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide

Design of Distributed Embedded Systems Distributed Embedded Real-Time Systems Become Manageable Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

System and Circuit Technology Microelectronics – Key Technology and Challenge Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert

Mechatronics and Dynamics With Creativity to Innovation Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallaschek

Parallel Computing Reaching New Magnitudes Through the Efficient Use of Parallel and Distributed Systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien

Applied Physics/Integrated Optics Integrated Optics in Lithium Niobate Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler

Philosophy of Science Reflection on Science and Technology and Technology Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus Associated Cognitive Psychology Thinking and Language Prof. Dr. phil. hist. Manfred Wettler Workgroups

Computer Operation Activities Networking Strategies Dipl.-Inform. Markus Hohenhaus HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:09 Uhr Seite 20

20 Workgroup

Business Computing, Business Computing especially CIM

Customer A

Manufacturing Level II

Customer B Inventory Supplier I

Inventory Manufacturing Manufacturing Inventory Customer C Level I Level I Manufacturing I Inventory Supplier II

Capacity

Inventory Supplier III

Customer D

Inventory Supplier IV

Customer E

Producing Economically in Germany Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier Enterprises will still produce in Germany tomorrow, if production, procurement and selling processes meet highest demands for effectiveness and efficiency. This development comprises the increase in product quality as well as ever shorter delivery and turn-around times. In this connection it is necessary to develop innovative procedures which enable enterprises to advance to a status possible today.

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Guaranteeing the Competitive Our teachings pursue the objective to show Position for Tomorrow too the student coherences between goods and Our objective: Strengthening and guaran- procurement markets, the structure and teeing the competitive position of an enter- workflow of an organization, between prod- prise on a long-term basis. Therefore, the uct and production forms as well as the specialized group deals with all technical- principles of thinking in a system and the economic problems arising during the realization of an innovative solution in the design of customer-producer-supplier fields of information technology. networks and the realization of company- internal and inter-company production and logistics processes, which can be brought to a solution by means of an innovative information technology. Our thinking is process-oriented, i.e. orientation by the work production process. Dangelmaier, W.; Warnecke, H.-J.: The analysis of weak points, the testing of Fertigungslenkung. Planung Busch, A.; und Steuerung des Ablaufs der solution approaches, the optimization of Dangelmaier, W.: diskreten Fertigung. separate processes, workflows and networks Integriertes Supply Berlin: Springer 1997. can be managed with the help of our tools, Chain Management. beginning with the conception of a work Wiesbaden: Gabler 2004. production network up to the implementation of a logistics control system or an e- Commerce solution. Especially for this reason our work was honoured with the Ger- man science prize for logistics. We develop solutions offering decisive competitive advantages. More efficient working processes reduce costs and at the same time bring higher benefit for the customer. We are a solution Helmke, S., provider as well as a supplier of technology. Dangelmaier, W., Dangelmaier, W.: Fertigungsplanung. Our partners are in particular the industry Uebel, M.: Planung von Aufbau und Ablauf der as well as service and logistics enterprises. Effektives Customer Fertigung – Grundlagen, Algorithmen und Beispiele. 2. Auflage. Against this background we are working on Relationship Management. Berlin: Springer 2001. the following focal points of research: Wiesbaden: Gabler 2003. • supply chain management – optimization of company-internal and inter-company supply chains • customer & sales management – concepts and systems for customer- oriented enterprises • logistics for production and services – consultation and solutions for the opti- Dangelmaier, W.; mization of industrial business processes Kaschula, D.; Neumann, J.(Hrgs.): Supply-Chain-Mana- gement in der Automobil und Zulieferindustrie. Paderborn: ALB-HNI- Dangelmaier, W.: Verlagsschriftreihe 2004. Produktion und Information, System und Modell. Berlin: Springer 2003. HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:10 Uhr Seite 22

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OOpus SSPP: Strategic Location and Production Planning

OOpus SSPP is aiming to handle the uncer- The selection of location structure alter- tainties that exist because of the long-term natives (SSA) in one scenario is done by a character of company location decisions. In heuristic, which cuts down the solution set practice, a static view on location-problems and searches good alternatives within the is often used. The result is a suboptimal fac- remaining solutions, specifically based on ulty-network in the future. This should be rules. changed by the use of OOpus SSPP. Between the scenarios there are coordi- To get reliable results of the company nation processes to handle the scenario structure, one must regard the products, tree. which are produced at the locations in Main components of the system are the alternative scenarios and the production database, in which demand values and resources, which must be provided. There- results can be stored, the three layered opti- fore the capacity planning task is mization modules and interfaces for data an essential part of the com- import and visualisation of the results. pany structure planning. The system does not only help to OOpus SSPP is not only choose, when and which new location about choosing one single becomes necessary and so aiding with the location, but regards the decision of the company development, but whole company structure it also proposes optimized capacities for all and the possible struc- production entities. tures, finally resulting in The insecurities of the future certainly opening or closing loca- cannot be fully eliminated, but there are tions. That implies that developments, that can be shown. These the production structures developments are weighted with probabili- must be planned, depend- ties and equipped with optimised capacities. ing on the demand of This helps with the decision, because the products. Not only locations effects of decisions can be validated against must be considered, the alternative future developments and an transportation, storage and pro- very good decision alternative is proposed. Example of a scenario tree duction facilities have to be dimensioned, too. Additional there is a scenario tree, similar to a decision tree, in which the possible developments of the future are described. With this tree alternative, the future can be modelled and calculated, which is important to get a long term view to plan strategically. The integrated capacity planning and the assignment of areas to the production structures are solved with mixed integer programming and optimization. The costs of production, transportation, storage, locations, and single areas are minimized; the profit is to be maximized. System architecture Supported by HNI Graduate College

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt. Inf. Clemens Kriesel E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 96 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

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d3 FACT insight An immersive simulator of 3D material flow with multi-user support

The design of manufacturing process The development of this simulator is demands various technologies. Besides the closely tied up actual research projects traditional technologies, simulation of (DFG-Project BAMSI) for the purpose of material flow and especially its visualization applying actual achievements from the come to the fore. Only the involvement of research projects to the simulator develop- three dimensional data can already enable ment early. In order to be capable of inte- parallel design of layout and logistic work- grating the continuous demands from the flow. The transport time, resulted from practice into the system, the available pro- changes of layout, can be identified direct- totype is verified and validated, parallel to ly; therefore expensive errors of design can its further development in practical applica- be eliminated. In a three dimensional world tion by industry partners. users comprehend processes intuitively, so that optimization potentialities can be dis- covered earlier than in a traditional way. Though huge simulation models are generally designed and carried out by teams, however current software tools don’t offer any supporting functionality for multi-users. Another drawback is visualization quality for virtual reality scenarios, which is hardly achieved by a lifelike impression. In any case, operators or viewers can not conduct any interaction with model during a simulation experiment; therefore they are definitely not integrated as an autonomous object in the whole process. With d3 FACT insight, the workgroup Busi- ness Computing, esp. CIM has developed a new material flow simulator, which enables the design and adeptness of simulation Modules of d3 FACT insight models in a complete integrated 3D-environment. Since simulation projects are nor- mally developed in a team, this system supports multi-users also both in modeling and visualization sides. Modular construction of system promis- Supported by DFG program es a simple integration of available data “modeling of production” into the whole system. Consistent storage NRW Graduate School of data allows centralized administration of arvato logistics services all needed data for simulation and visualization. User, an immersive component of the Contact: Dipl.-Wirt. Inf. Christoph Laroque system, will be recognized and considered E-mail: [email protected] as an autonomous Object in 3D-visualiza- Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 25 tion. During a simulation experiment, the Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82 user can exert interactive influence. For Dipl.-Inform. Bengt Mueck example, a parameter of a model compo- E-mail: [email protected] nent can be modified by a user during the Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 50 execution of a simulation experiment. Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82 Thereby a more realistic impression to the M.Sc. Kiran Mahajan system is achieved without the system E-mail: [email protected] operated in the reality. Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 49 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

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Acceleration of processes and reduction of errors by means of Augmented Picking

Prime costs of products are mainly caused result of it – reduces the error risk and by accumulation of material flow costs and times of commission significantly. For that, logistics costs. Thereby the warehouse and the picking person is equipped with a distribution logistics take a prominent posi- miniature camera, video glasses and a radio tion within the intra- and interplant mater- keyboard, which is fixed to his wrist. Similar ial flow chain. Taking into account, that two to the Voice Picking method, both hands are third of the entire costs of logistics of a free for picking goods. company are allotted to the warehouse, it The actual pick list, written information gets clear expeditiously, that these costs of articles for the current pick position as definitive influence the company’s competi- well as a photo of the article are extrapo- tiveness. lates and insert into the picture, which is Within the context of a cooperative projected onto the video glasses. This project between Siemens Logistics and reduces the risk of drawing wrong articles Assembly Systems (L & A), as the leader in and helps to recognize incorrect stored material handling automation, postal items automation and electronics assembly sys- As soon as a store-base, which is labeled tems, and the workgroup Business Comput- with an Augmented Reality tag, appears in ing, esp. CIM, the worldwide first picking the field of view for the current picking- application, supported by an Augmented position, it will be emphasized by a colored Reality-System, was originated at the Heinz bordering and a hint tone. This enables a Nixdorf Institute. faster and reliable identification of the stock ground and leads to a reduction of picking times and an increasing of process reliability. After taking goods, the picking person confirms the taken amount or feeds corrections into the system by using the wrist keyboard. Afterwards the picking person goes to the next position or takes the collected items to a collection point. As an aid to orientation it’s possible for the picking person to insert a sketch of the warehouse, which shows the last and next position. This event is dynamical to the dealing of the pick list. The possibilities of using the Augmented Reality in the context of the picking are View of a picker during the unloading of a storage compartment nearly unchanged transferable to other business processes. Thus, the track opti- Reasons for productivity loses during mized navigation, the Augmented Reality picking activities, which persecute the prin- supported stock ground finding, the com- ciple “men to work” are typically founded in partment and product information are suboptimal picking routes, delays for applicable both for stock, remove or trans- searching the right goods or storage and fer processes and for physical inventory picking errors at the removal. The solution, counts. Similar Augmented Reality scenarios which was developed within the context of are realizable for tasks within the goods Supported by this research project, is exactly focusing reception, goods issue, packing, quality con- Siemens Dematic these weak points. trol or warehouse administration. The Augmented Reality system allows to enhance the view on the real environment Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Werner Franke by adding computer generated visual and E-mail: [email protected] acoustical information and has to observe Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 69 13 and analyses the environment or the cho- Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82 sen focus of the user. This solution enables http://www.hni.upb.de/cim a support of the picking personal and – as a HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:10 Uhr Seite 25

Business Computing, especially CIM 25

Program planning and production control for engine manufacturers

Isolated solutions for each planning area, (UI). Therefore the system has to be so a multitude of individual systems and per- generic, that it is customizable in special sonalized processes prevent transparency needs of two different plants. Central com- and thus flexibility in current planning and ponents will be the new planning and con- production. The software in project OOPUS- trolling UIs. Planning on the basis of cumu- VW is developed to integrate planning and lated quantities allows a quick target-actu- production control in engine manufactur- al comparison, while manufacturing control ing plants of the Volkswagen AG in Chem- is based on a typical control station UI that nitz and Salzgitter. The goals of the project, visualizes manufacturing process across all besides planning optimization, are to production stages. Therefore problems in enhance the transparency of processes, to production development can be rapidly decrease inventory, to shorten throughput identified and various manual interventions time as well as to increase adherence to are also enabled to be carried out. delivery dates. Having been embedded into the plants Being interlinked in various ways, lines system environment of the Volkswagen AG, of consecutive production stages are of the system will be the central planning and special significance. Besides directly con- controlling component of the engine man- nected lines, that serve a concurrent pro- ufacturing plants in Salzgitter and Chem- duction, there are succeeding production nitz. The primary challenge is the inconsis- stages that are decoupled by buffers. At the tent system environment of both plants as same time at every stage of production, well as different degrees of manufacturing planed demands arise from both planning complexity. In addition, numerous modules of the following stages and from direct will be designed to complement the system needs of customers. Planning algorithm has for the functionality of conventional Man- to flexibly be customizable to fit different agement Information Systems (MIS), and to priority of diverse planning areas. In addi- enable flexible adaptation of the system to tion to the consolidation of various solu- changes in production and IT. tions from different planning areas, data Furthermore the workgroup Business from diverse third-party systems has to in Computing, esp. CIM supervises the imple- an aggregated way be transparently pre- mentation and conducts training for sented and processed via a user interface employees of Volkswagen AG.

Supported by Volkswagen AG

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt. Ing. Daniel Kaschula E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 61 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

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26 Workgroup

Reference model for After-Sales-Services

In many companies the process of After- of application field and adoption possibili- Sales-Services is only counted as cost driver, ties of Model, overhauling of a defective therefore it is accordingly much neglected. agrarian apparatus (such as combine har- However the consequential input of struc- vester) or the optimal installation location tured and goal-oriented After-Sales-Ser- of an amusing device is in a huge hall. vices could also guarantee even increase Starting basis and foundation of refer- business volume of offering company. ence model set up an arrangement frame- Hence having worked with many industry work, which provides the structure of model partners, a reference model is developed and demonstrates an orientation offer for and serves companies as a ready-made reference model users. The specifications of solution schema or general pattern to attributes from the built arrangement describe business processes of After-Sales- framework are classified in a further step Services and enable efficient coverage of and their coherences are represented in business configuration problems in scope of Unified Modeling Language (UML). Best-Practice-Principles. The arrangement framework is based on However the developed model plays an assumption, that focusing on each orga- neither a role as a truth-teller in respect of nization there is always a certain assign- verification or validation of assertion, nor ment, which serves a defined purpose and an identifier or judger of facts. It constructs pursuits a concrete goal. The goal of an a large area of possible (decisional) situa- assignment is divided into a material and a tions and supports coverage of practical formal goal. The material goal is goods and problem formations. For example in terms services, while the formal goal shows, for example, company goal of profit maximiza- tion or of market leadership. A before-event initiates actions, which can sequentially or in parallel affect the assignment object or comprehend the status of assignment object. Each individual action can automated or customized execute and will be sequencing delivered inside of a disposition task. In consideration of the given material and formal goals, the disposition task deduces service jobs basing on results of each individual action, if necessary as well as more other actions. This process will run iteratively till successful realization of the assignment. In the end an after-event is achieved, which contains e.g. invoice processing or documentations and then builds Arrangement framework of the reference model up an interface for disposition task of next assignment. The described coherences were verified in practice, and acknowledged application of reference model as effective tool for orientation and respectively adjustment of Supported by business processes of After-Sales-Services. NRW Graduate School

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Tobias Gajewski E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 89 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

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E-Learning portal for logistics

The quality of business operations, especial- By means of the used technologies, the ly in partially automated processes, depends requirements for user-friendly administra- increasingly on the qualification of the tion, multilingualness and the applicability appointed employees. The applied systems for different user groups can easily be for production planning and control, con- implemented. Additional, this innovative cerning the cross-functional customer order solution differs from already available prod- management, demand a holistic under- ucts by its generic structure. This enables it standing of the logistic coherences for pro- to model any organization and process duction task's fulfillment. For successful structures, like the ones of profit-centers, working on a customized production order self-responsible companies, strategic part- the knowledge about dependence between nerships in customer-distributor-networks the process flows becomes a critical compe- or virtual company associations efficiently tition factor. The workgroup Business Com- by means of time and resources and to link puting, esp. CIM developed a logistics portal it with content and appropriate electronic for the company Knorr-Bremse für resources. Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH, which addresses this problem efficiently. Knorr-Bremse für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH's advantages at the current market are the large flexibility in realization of customer's wishes and highest quality of its products. The starting point for the decision to develop the logistics portal is founded by the strategic reorientation of the enterprise. The goals of this reorientation are characterized by dealing with the individual customer's preferred date of delivery (increase of deliverability), a high adherence to delivery dates and the ability for complete supply without increasing the internal stock, without diminishing the two first strategic positions in their meaning. One of the identified deficits for reaching these aims concerns the partially insufficient understanding of the employees for the logistic depen- dences between the departments from purchase to distribution during the customized handling of order; this deficit is to be erased in the context of a qualification offensive. After a detailed identification of User View of the logistic portal Administration view of the logistic portal the technical requirements, used methods and tasks in distribution, manufacturing and purchase, a training portal for logistics processes was developed. This portal doesn't only visualize and document the logistic main processes; it also links the identified Supported by roles with documents for handling and Knorr Bremse AG training, that are necessary for the fulfillment of each task. Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Andreas Emmrich E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 54 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

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28 Workgroup

Computer Integrated Computer Integrated Manufacturing Manufacturing

Recognizing and Exploiting Success Potentials of Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier Product and production process innovations are important levers for ensuring prosperity and employment in the future. Mechanical engineering and related areas, such as automotive industry, are playing a key role today. These sectors like- wise demonstrate the relevant success potentials of the future. It is essential to recognize these potentials early and to exploit them on time.

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Creating Products Today for the Our spin-off UNITY AG is the first point market of Tomorrow of contact when it comes to implementing Information has become the fourth large these services in practice. More than 120 factor of production. The wide-scale use of employees are pleased to assist you information and communication technology (http://www.unity.de). not only leads to increases in productivity The aim of our educational courses is to but also to the creation of new products give our students a comprehensive overview and new markets. of modern industrial companies, to high- Our general goal is to increase competi- light the success potentials of the future tiveness of industrial companies in the and to illustrate ways of achieving these. information age. With this in mind, we Our students get the competencies on develop methods and procedures on the which it depends in the industry tomorrow. Szenario-Management – A handbook for basis of a four-level structure. creating scenarios and their implementation in the management; Carl Hanser • Scenario level: At this level we antici- Verlag 1996 pate developments in markets and technologies in order to recognize opportunities early. • Strategy level: At this level we develop business, product and technology strategies in order to set the course of the company’s business success of tomorrow. • Process level: This level involves the design of processes of services. In the foreground is the process from the product idea to the successful product launch. Therefore we offer a wide systematics for the development and the production planning for mechatronic Produktinnovation – A handbook for Führung im Wandel – A handbook for the strategic planning and development designing production processes of products. of products of tomorrow; Carl Hanser tomorrow; Carl Hanser Verlag 1999 • System level: IT systems are deployed Verlag 2001 at this level. These systems allow an efficient innovation management (product- and production data management) as well as the analysis and simulation of product features and production processes (virtual prototyping, virtual production).

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WZM 20XX – Initiative for tomorrow’s machine tools BMBF-Cooperative project on the subject “new machine tools for the production of tomorrow“

Rapid reaction alone is not enough • The guideline describes how coherent The mechanical engineering industry which images (scenarios) of future markets and comprises mainly small and medium sized relevant business areas (competitors, companies especially stands out by agility, suppliers, technology, economy/poli- i.e. by the ability to meet the demands of tics/society) can be developed by using the market flexibly and quickly. But facing the knowledge base. the increasing complexity of products and the constantly rising dynamics of innova- The process of strategic planning, which tion, the ability to be present with the right is displayed in the picture, is the scope of performance at the right time is not action. For the addressed task we apply the enough. Companies have to develop more scenario technique. According to Kurt Son- strategic competence, i.e. to identify future theimer, the scenario technique is not used potentials and exploit them on time with- to predict the future but to think it ahead. out giving up their typical agility. Scenarios describe future situations of markets and business-environments into which the own business has to be positioned. They depend on a network of influence factors, whereas for each influence factor more than one possible development can be considered. A special benefit of the scenario technique is that a group of leading managers can come to a conjoint assessment of the future.

The knowledge base for experts The derivation of significant scenarios demands the access to information. The procurement of information is often time- consuming and expensive. The knowledge base allows a quick access to all relevant Scenario-based instrument for information (influence factors, results from strategic planning Delphi-surveys, roadmaps etc.). Added with company-specific information the knowledge base enables an efficient and well- Supported by Early identification of market and founded strategic planning. The actual sta- WZM 20XX technology developments tus of the knowledge base can be retrieved in the BMBF Program “Research for the production of tomorrow”; project executing The machine tool industry is a very suc- on the online communication platform of organisation: Production and Manufacturing cessful branch of the German engineering the project (http://www.wzm-initiative.de). Technologies (PFT). industry. Internationally, it ranks on top. To defend this leading position it is important to support a foresighted thinking. The Project Partner: objective of the cooperative project WZM Fraunhofer Institut für Systemtechnik und Innovationsforschung (ISI) 20XX is the development of a scenario- Verein Deutscher Werkzeugmaschinenfabriken e.V. based instrument for strategic planning. (VDW) This instrument consists of a knowledge base and a guideline for a systematic prognosis of the development of markets and Contact: business areas. Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Volker Binger • The knowledge base includes technology E-mail: [email protected] trends and extensively documented fac- Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Guido Stollt tors which have an influence on the E-mail: [email protected] future business of the machine tool Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 64 industry. Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68 Communication platform of the WZM-Initiative HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:11 Uhr Seite 31

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Integration of mechanics and electronics BMBF-Cooperative project INERELA (Integrative development of spatial electronic assembly groups)

Many modern products of mechanical engineering are characterized by close interactions of mechanics and electronics. The challenge in developing corresponding devices is the spatial and functional integration. The main aim is a high density of functions in small space. The interactions between the electronic functionality and the mechanical structure of the device have to be identified and taken into account at an early stage. Furthermore, aspects of manufacturing have to be considered. Within the joint project INERELA a development environment has been designed which supports to integrate the development of spatial electronic devices and the corresponding manufacturing sys- Simplified reference process for the development of areal electronical assambly groups tems. The environment consists of a development process, a specification technique and a knowledge base. material as well as manufacturing processes Process model: The process model is a and plants. guideline for the realisation of development projects. It describes precisely the phases, For the development and manufacturing Opto-electronical connector system by process steps and milestones which have to of spatial electronic devices, the technology Harting Electro-Optics be run through in the development process. MID (Molded Interconnect Devices) means Specification technique: The newly devel- a high potential. The advantages compared oped specification technique allows specify- to conventional circuit boards are the possi- ing the solution concepts for the device bility of a three-dimensional design of and the manufacturing process. It describes circuit boards and the integration of the solution concepts comprehensibly for mechanical and electronical functions on a all developers of the involved domains and small construction area. The high potential supports the communication of these of MID is made clear in the study “Chances experts. and barriers for the adoption of the tech- Supported by Knowledge base: The knowledge base nology MID”, which was released by the INERELA in the BMBF Program “Research for which has been developed in this project Heinz Nixdorf Institute on behalf of the the production of tomorrow”; project executing organisation: Production and Manufacturing contains comprehensive information about “Research Association Molded Interconnect Technologies (PFT) physical effects, solution elements and basic Devices 3-D MID e.V.”

Project Partner: Prof. Feldmann, FAPS, Erlangen Prof. Wallaschek, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Paderborn HARTING Electro-Optics GmbH & Co. KG, Espelkamp Hella KG Hueck & Co., Paderborn Hesse & Knipps GmbH, Paderborn myview systems GmbH & Co. KG, Büren

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Jan Stefan Michels E-mail: [email protected]

Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Thomas Peitz E-mail: [email protected]

Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 62 Integrative concept development of a product and production system (here: part of the connector) Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68 HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:11 Uhr Seite 32

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Development-Benchmark Mechatronic A new method for performance evaluation and improvement of the development of mechatronic systems

Is the product development fit enough? For many companies, the product development efficiency is an outstanding success factor. The increasing complexity of products, which is commonly expressed through a close interaction of mechanics, electronics and software engineering, the high innovation dynamics and the new options of information technology applications by design activities such as simulation, virtual prototyping and digital plant, pose a great challenge for product development. Development stages as consistent combinations of the lever-characteristics from the areas of As well, the product development has to be action, Man, Organisation and Technique enhanced to be up to date. But what is up to date and in which reasonable steps can this be achieved? Such questions can be answered with the guidance of our method “Development-Bench- mark”. This method is based on a large number Model of proceeding for the performance evaluation of industrial and research and the improvement of product development projects on performance improvement of the pro- not possible to position all key levers on duct development. maximum level at the same time, as this would overextend the product development. Our Proceeding: At this point, the development budget is The basic idea is the Capability Maturity another limitation. Model (CMM), which is widespread in soft- The main attraction of our method is ware development. Our approach can be that we are able to find advantageous com- customized to the needs of a certain combinations of key levers – so called profiles pany, i.e. the product development is sup- (left figure), by using consistency analysis. posed to achieve such a performance level, Then the issue is to arrange these combina- which is essential for an accomplishment of tions in such a way on time axis, that a business goals. Exceeding this would mean rational and evolutionary approach results a dissipation of resources. The figure on the which leads the development from the right shows our proceeding: It is systematic actual situation to the target profile repre- and comprehensible. senting the “Best Practice”. At the beginning, the goals of the examined product development have to be The Academy of Mechatronics: identified. They result from the business For many years the Heinz Nixdorf Institute strategy; in many cases they are already is engaged in the education and training in stated in the Balanced Scorecard. The next the field of Mechatronics. We were able to step is to determine the performance use the made experiences to guide the Contact: improvement levers, which come from the development of the new VDI-Guideline Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Daniel Steffen areas of action, Man, Organisation and 2206 “Design methodology for mechatronic E-mail: [email protected] Technique. As there is a great amount of systems”. The Academy of Mechatronics Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 61 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68 possibilities to choose, it is important to (http://www.mechatronik-akademie.de) pro- identify the key levers. For each lever, there vides a modular advanced training for prac- Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Christoph Wenzelmann are different characteristics, quasi perfor- titioners that combines theory and practice E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 65 mance stages of the lever. It is comprehen- and can be adjusted to specific company Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68 sible that in an interconnected system it is requirements. HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:12 Uhr Seite 33

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ISILEIT Integrative specification of distributed control systems in flexibly automated manufacturing

Subject matter and purpose Flexible manufacturing systems are complex mechatronic systems. The software development is to be advanced along with the hardware development (mechanics and electronics). But the correctness of the software can only be verified, if the hardware is set up first. The identification and elimination of software errors after the manufacturing system has been set up extends the development process and increases costs. The purpose of the ISILEIT project is to develop an integrated method for the design, the analysis and the validation of distributed manufacturing control systems. For this, relevant parts of the established specification techniques UML and SDL have been combined. To validate this method a software tool was developed which supports all phases of the development process for flexible manufacturing systems. Application of augmented reality in the flexible manufacturing The gradual design of a manufac- system: Visualisation of various states during a turning opera- turing control system tion of a switch (Computer-generated information: Statechart of the control software, pneumatic cylinder and inductive prox- At first, the topology of the flexible manu- imity sensor) facturing system, especially the part of the material flow system, is specified with a graphical layout editor. From the specification is that software errors can be identified tion of the topology a model of the materi- and eliminated at an early stage without al flow hardware and its behaviour is gener- the plant being actually set up. ated in an automatic transformation. The descriptions of the material flow compo- Ramp-up with augmented reality nents are stored in a library and are used For the real manufacturing system the con- for the transformation. trol software is generated, transmitted to In the next phase the control software is the control systems and executed. To sup- specified. The control software reads the port the ramp-up of the manufacturing Topology specification of a flexible information via sensors, processes them and system, an augmented reality application material flow system by means of a graphical layout editor (FASTEC GmbH) influences the hardware by means of actua- has been implemented, which displays the tors. So, the software is specified on the interrelations within the active structure basis of hardware characteristics, i.e. actua- driven by information processing in the real tors and sensors. system. The different states of the system Supported by The specifications of hardware, hard- are visualised online and in real time. This ISILEIT, German Research Association (DFG) ware behaviour and software are formal supports the elimination of the remaining models. These models are the basis for errors of the system. model-checking and an automated code This method accelerates the develop- Project Partner: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig generation. Model-checking can be used to ment of flexible manufacturing systems, Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Schäfer verify, if a system can reach forbidden reduces the costs and increases the quality Universität Paderborn states. The code generation provides exe- of the results. cutable code for the hardware model and software model. So, the code for the hard- Contact: ware model simulates the hardware of the Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Raimund Eckes manufacturing system and the generated E-mail: [email protected] control software controls the simulation. Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 43 The advantage of this analysis and valida- Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68 HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:12 Uhr Seite 34

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Mobile augmented reality experimental platform Use of augmented reality for the examination of the vehicle ergonomics

Task Mobile AR-experimental platform Today, high-quality vehicle ergonomics rep- In cooperation with VOLKSWAGEN NUTZ- resent an essential factor for the success of FAHRZEUGE a mobile augmented reality a vehicle model. For the interpretation and experimental platform will be developed, check of the ergonomics a variety of meth- which combines the advantages of real and ods and tools is available. Furthermore, the virtual prototypes to a mixed prototyping subjective sensation of the driver plays an (see picture). Basis of this platform is a real important role so that examinations are vehicle without interior equipment, pillars inevitable to a real prototype. Today, these and roof. Roofs are replaced by newly are carried out at real 1:1 models, so-called developed virtual components, which the “seat box” (a model of the interior of an user can see by a 3D head-mounted-display. automobile). The construction or customisa- The virtual components will be generated tion of a real seat box is time-intensive and from the 3D CAD data available. By means expensive. An alternative is the construction of an ultrasonic tracking system position, of a virtual seat box by using the technolo- perspective and movements of the driver gy virtual reality (VR). On the basis of 3D- will be recorded constantly. By these data, CAD data of the new vehicle the construc- the correct position and size of the virtual tion of virtual seat boxes is faster and more components will be calculated in real time. competitive. The use of a real vehicle, as a basis of the AR experimental platform, permits, in addition to stationary examinations, real test runs with new vehicle components that are still in planning. So, the sight conditions out of the vehicle can be examined and optimised in due time.

Mobile augmented reality experimental platform Driver’s view of the augmented console

The application is stationary in a laboratory; a real test run in real surroundings can only be adapted by 3D simulation. The technology augmented reality (AR) offers new possibilities. AR is a new form of interaction between man and technology. Here, the Supported by user will be shown computer-generated AR-based Prototyping in the vehicle development information like 3D models, drawings or texts (see picture) by a head-mounted-display. The injection of the information Project Partner: always happens contextually so, e.g. a virtu- Volkswagen Nutzfahrzeuge Package and Concept Development al tool is displayed at the real screws Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Oehlschlaeger depending on the respective position and the perspective of the viewer. AR also permits to replace real vehicle components by Contact: displayed virtual components. This enables a Dipl.-Ing. Rafael Radkowski competitive mixed prototyping of real and AR-scenario: The repair instructions are shown E-mail: [email protected] virtual vehicle components. to the worker Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 28 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68 HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:12 Uhr Seite 35

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VR/AR at education and training “A visit inside a computer” explains, how a computer and the Internet work

Visualisation of a real computer Visualisation of a main board How are data processed in the computer actually? Why can a computer calculate so fast? What happens in the tiny processor? And how works the Internet? These and many other questions are answered by the project “a visit inside a computer” in a new and understandable way. The technologies Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) make this possible. The e-mail is the thread through the exhibit. The visitor is asked to write an e- mail, to send it and to observe it up to the receiver. On this journey he learns how a computer and the Internet work.

Essential parts of the exhibit There is a basic requirement to be able to send an e-mail: an operating computer. First of all, the visitor configures a computer in Change the e-mail in the In/Out in the Storing the e-mail in the working Von-Neumann-model memory in the Von-Neumann-model the AR laboratory. Which components do I have to use? Where do they have to be Computer work station – The visitor sees a virtual computer. Diving into the computer, installed and how do I have to proceed? A he reaches the Von-Neumann-model via the main board. new interaction device supports the visitor: the VARI. If he looks on the monitor of the VARI, he sees the individual components written and sent. The visitor dives into a lying in front of him, like looking through a virtual computer, reaches into the inside of window. By augmented reality the visitor the computer and thus to the so-called sees in real space computer-generated main board. The main board consists of information, such as figures, texts, videos. all essential components: the VARI: New interaction So, it is possible to configure the computer processor, the main storage, the equipment for VR and and to learn more about the components graphics card, etc. But the AR surroundings. without previous knowledge. data, which are processed in Now the computer is configured. At the the computer, aren't visible computer workstation the e-mail can be here. For this reason an abstraction level was chosen, the Von-Neumann- The Internet in model. From the Von- the overview Neumann-level the visitor is able

to explore independently, how the e- Supported by mail will be converted in the In/Out to bytes BIC: Stiftung Westfalen and then, how it will be processed in the components register array, control unit and arithmetic logic unit. Project Partner: Information Now the e-mail is processed in the Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum, Paderborn inquiry computer and can be sent via Internet. At Festo Corporate Design, Esslingen the workstation computer network the visitor can see a virtual globe, which is embraced by a stylised Internet. It is possi- Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Ute Brüseke ble to follow the way of the e-mail and E-mail: [email protected] explore which stations are passed by e.g. mail server, firewall or router in order to Dipl.-Ing. Raphael Wortmann Workstation computer networks – The visitor can see a reach the recipient. E-mail: [email protected] virtual globe, which is embraced by a stylised Internet. Here, the stations from sender to recipient of an e-mail are Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 27 visualised. Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68 HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:12 Uhr Seite 36

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Computers and Society Computers and Society

Cooperative Knowledge Organization – Orientation in Diversity Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil-Slawik With the universal accessibility of the Internet, IT technology is brought to a new quality: Instead of allowing only entwined one-way communication – as it has been typical for traditional media – now objects and knowledge assets can be created and edited cooperatively. Along with this development, new forms of knowledge accumulation (the Wikipedia, e.g.) and publicly funded initiatives have been established to guarantee that knowledge is open to the public (such as Open Access). The research group Computers and Society contributes to these new developments with concepts, new technologies and their theoretical foundations.

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Computers and Society 37

With the increasing presence of networks During the last year, several perennial We were also able to develop further and mobility rendered possible by IT tech- projects were completed. Among these were other regional projects (e.g., bid-owl) nologies, matters of contextualisation of “Lernstatt Paderborn”, an infrastructural and start new co-operations. Among computer systems and the development project unique in size and functionality on a these are the corporate networks of orientational knowledge in an ever more European scale. This venture was based on “InnoZent OWL”, based in Paderborn, complex world of information come to experiences made in the HNI’s DISCO (digi- and “Maschinenbau OWL” (Mechanical the fore. This trend conforms to the orien- tal infrastructure for computer supported Engineering OWL) based in Bielefeld. tation of the research areas Computers co-operative learning). A co-operation and Together with these networks, a regional and Society: communication platform that was devel- platform for cross-company co-opera- – theoretically by specifying of fundamen- oped by our group within the regional edu- tive knowledge management will be tal concepts such as interaction and cational network bid-owl was integrated developed. media functions that prove necessary for into Lernstatt. This undertaking was funded In a co-operation with Prof. Joachim the description of the characteristic usage in part by the City of Paderborn’s Ludwig of the University of Potsdam a qualities of Wikis, WebLogs or virtual Förderverein. transdisciplinary discourse on pedagog- knowledge spaces; Another project successfully completed ics and computer science was initiated. – conceptually by extending classical client- was “QuIC – Qualification in Internet Cafés This enterprise has been funded by the server architectures with aspects of at schools” in co-operation with the local “DIE – Deutsches Institut für Erwachse- mobile ad-hoc networks; here, research Goerdeler Gymnasium and the initiative nenbildung” in Frankfurt/Main. As a on trans-server object identity and the “SaN Schulen ans Netz”. The approach result of the first successful workshop synchronisation of distributed virtual developed here – to remunerate mothers in Potsdam, it was decided to found an knowledge spaces are in the focus; for supervising the Internet Cafés in the interdisciplinary research group on – technically by an ongoing development of afternoons by training them in computer “Educational Spaces – Virtual Knowl- the opensTeam platform, which is now literacy – has now been transferred to other edge Spaces” within the DFG. A further being used at several universities and also schools across Germany. workshop to be held in Paderborn is forms the technical foundation for the planned. University of Paderborn’s and the Univer- One of the highlights in our core sity of Qingdao’s joint study programme research areas of software ergonomics in mechanical engineering. and e-learning were the organisation of the multidisciplinary conference The combination of theoretical and concep- “Mensch & Computer 2004” together tual works with the development of techni- with “Deutsche eLearning Fachtagung”, cal systems and their use under every-day under the scientific management of constraints is a unique characteristic of the Prof. Engels, Prof. Keil-Slawik, and Prof. workgroup in German speaking countries. Szwillus in Paderborn. With more than Thus, our expertise is in great demand. E.g., four hundred participants, this was so Prof. Keil-Slawik was appointed scientific far the largest conference in German director of the Education Quality Forum speaking countries on these topics – NRW in 2004 and speaker of the expert a remarkable success for the HNI and group on technology of the CeC (Center for Paderborn’s Institute of Computer eCompetence in Universities NRW). Togeth- Science. er with Jun. Prof. Thorsten Hampel he was appointed consultant of the technological division of the Virtual University of Bavaria.

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sTeam – “Structuring Information in a Team” Novel methods and technologies for the cooperative organisation of knowledge

A year after the end of active support from structuring of operations during the cre- the DFN association, Paderborn’s open ation of documents are developed and test- source project sTeam has made substantial ed. progress. Major results are the development At the University of Siegen, parts of the of new supervision models in vocational humanities and department of cultural and advanced training, like the Jour-Fixe studies intensely use sTeam to support dif- Concept and necessary tools for spatial ferent teaching methods, partly in interna- semantic structuring of knowledge, the tional cooperation contexts. extension of the user adaptability, especial- Like the faculty of Information Systems ly in the integration of new program inter- at the University of Essen, the Decision faces and technologies, the adding of mod- Support & Operations Research Lab of Support of young scientists in founding spin-off ern web content capabilities and the grad- Information Systems in Paderborn operates companies ual integration of available industrial stan- its own sTeam servers since this autumn. In dards, particularly in the field of the decen- cooperation with several universities, the tralised user administration. teaching management system Open SMT, Due to “transsib”, a very stable server has been ported to open source sTeam version that was introduced in spring 2004 technology. at the CeBit fair, we were able to intensify In autumn 2004, the realisation of the accompanying application contexts and bid-owl platform – based on sTeam – was attract numerous new users through the finished to a large extent. Bid-owl is an last couple of years. Here, the creation of a effective and conferrable working and simple high-performance appearance on communication forum for schools on a the user’s side as a key technology turned regional basis. Through the expansion of out to be a substantial benefit. In this man- the infrastructure within a school, a perma- ner, the system offers synergies of web nent availability of digital materials, its util- content management and other possibili- isation, spreading and cooperative process- ties of high-capacity cooperation supporting is achieved. The sTeam system was tailored in appearance and ing tools of E-Learning, based on publicly The majority of examples shows, that functionality to comply with special requirements available PHP or XSLT stylesheet technolo- the aim to develop and enlarge sTeam as a of the DELIS project gies. framework architecture and “building set” In Paderborn, sTeam is intensely used by for the development of collaborative sys- the Department of Computer Science and a tems for cooperative knowledge organisa- couple of institutes of the Faculty of tion and E-Learning, from the support of Mechanical Engineering for web presence, sophisticated processes of cooperative internal cooperation and the exchange of working up to a web based content man- documents. The platform has also proved to agement, has been widely honoured. be useful for students in the area of organisation, and free and open arrangement of their practical trainings. sTeam is also used in the university’s didactics group and to a great extent in the media studies faculty, e.g. in the course “media pedagogical Open SMT using sTeam as Backend aspects of E-Learning”. In this context, the university didactics offer own courses concerning the utilisation of sTeam. The centre of transfer of the University of Paderborn, uses adjusted sTeam technologies in the project EXaM, to support young scientists in founding spin-off com- Contact: Jun.-Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Thorsten Hampel panies. E-mail: [email protected] The EU project “Dynamically Evolving Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 22 Large-scale Information Systems (DELIS)” Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14 coordinates 19 European partners via the bid-owl offers access to learning materials over PHP http://www.open-steam.org platform, where novel mechanisms for the and displays complex administration structures HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:12 Uhr Seite 39

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Zhengqi ( ) in the land of the dragon

Since 1995 a close relationship in research but how a conceptual and architectural and education has come into existence basis can be found, that helps to support between the Qingdao University of Science different didactic models starting from the and Technology (QUST) in Qingdao/ China supervision of plain remote-lectures to and the University of Paderborn. This coop- forms of Blended Learning, up to support eration, especially in the field of mechani- of presence-lecture in a research and cal engineering, led to the foundation of learning environment. the Chinese German Technical faculty In spring of 2004 Thorsten Hampel (CDTF) under the leadership of Prof. Man- from the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and Ferdi- fred Pahl and Prof. Qingling Li. Today, about nand Ferber, from the faculty of mechani- Thorsten Hampel and Ferdinand Ferber present the 300 students are enrolled within the CDTF cal engineering, were already able to pre- E-Learning concept for the CDTF to the Chinese according to the German curriculum, in sent a first concept called “zhengqi” ( ) delegation order to achieve the Bachelor degree in in Qingdao. This concept supports the mechanical engineering. During the studies, cooperation based on virtual knowledge- these students participate in German lan- spaces. Xu Li Xun, an E-Learning agent of guage classes and after the successful CDTF, visited the work group computers graduation of the TestDaF (Test for German and society and cooperative medias in as a foreign language), they come to Paderborn this august, to advance and Paderborn for a couple of semesters to realise the aim of the concept. The central attend -among other things- a practical challenge within this task was to efficiently training in a German company. bring Chinese and German learning con- This cooperation over a distance of tents together in the virtual knowledge 12000 kilometres, brings along substantial spaces. With the following visitation of problems and tasks in managing infrastruc- Daniel Büse, collaborator of the HNI and ture and organisation. A multitude of the faculty of mechanical engineering, in actors has to be coordinated, teaching September 2004, it was possible to setup a material must be administered and com- first sTeam based collaborative server and munication problems have to be solved in to integrate the server in the infrastructure this corporate teaching environment and network of the CDTF. With the decision of Documents, written in Chinese and German interactive exchange of lecturers and stu- the CDTF curatorship, to focus on sTeam- language, in a common virtual knowledge-space dents. As multifaceted as the tasks that based solutions for cooperation, communi- have to be solved, is the potential of sup- cation, and as common information space, port from the cooperation with methods experts and working groups from Pader- and systems of the common organisation born and Qingdao will be intensely working of knowledge. To solve this, the faculty of together in the next several months. mechanical engineering and the faculty of Computer Science developed novel concepts and solutions. Documents in different languages have to be administered in Chinese and German, a common user- and group administration between Paderborn and Qingdao has to be established to transport and structure necessary information. One of the most important and most challenging requirements to a transcontinental and intercultural form Supported by DAAD, Fakultät für Maschinenbau of common teaching and research, is the consideration of differences in learning due to the different cultures. This does not lead Contact: to the question if Chinese students study in The CDTF E-Learning Server in Qingdao is opened to Jun.-Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Thorsten Hampel a different manner than German students, the public by Daniel Büse and Xu Li Xun E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 22 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14

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Lernstatt Paderborn All Schools Under a Single Roof

Over the course of three years, the city puting centre (GKD Paderborn) in order to own accounts, together with personal virtu- of Paderborn has installed a city-wide relieve teachers from those tasks. The GKD al knowledge areas. This platform is based sustainable infrastructure to support the is responsible for running the network con- on the “bid-owl” server which has been use of digital media in all schools. This necting the schools which is built on Pader- developed in cooperation with the Regional process was completed at the beginning born’s educational network (PBBN) provid- Commission Detmold, the Weidmüller Foun- of the school year 2004/2005. The main ing a broadband connection via the city’s dation and the Gütersloh City Foundation. goal was to support all forms of individ- traffic light control network. The network One major application of this platform was ual and cooperative forms of learning within the schools extends the connection in an additional project called “School Wide within schools as well as outside schools to all class rooms where low-maintenance Web – Intranets in Schools”. In this project, rather than virtualising education and ultra-thin clients are at the hands of pupils carried out by the Bertelsmann Foundation replacing existing forms of learning by and teachers. The configuration within the and the Heinz Nixdorf Foundation, recom- individual learning processes. class rooms was designed according to the mendations were devised for the develop- To that end, an infrastructure had to e-nitiative.nrw’s recommendations for the ment of knowledge management in schools, be developed that allows ubiquitous equipment of class rooms with so-called together with methods for a continuing access to digital media without impos- media corners. Computer class rooms in training of teachers in the use of digital ing tasks of administration and mainte- secondary schools complement this equip- media. Also, the research group Computers nance on teachers or learners. The pro- ment. and Society further developed and evaluat- ject thus focussed on supporting local The realisation was coordinated by a ed the “StarOffice 4 Kids” concept. In this and regional cooperative forms of learn- project group consisting of members from solution, according to its motto “The world ing, enhancing and supplementing them the City of Paderborn, the GKD, local is my school bag”, tools and material are with national and international schools and teachers, the Regional Commis- directly supplied via a browser to the users resources by integrating the Internet. sion Detmold, the University of Paderborn, tailored to their age and abilities. Based on the concept Sun@School and Sun Microsystems. Thus, it was possible Thus, as of summer 2004, all of Pader- and the goals of the e-nitiative.nrw, to adequately account for the concerns and born’s schools have an efficient and at the more than 1800 clients and some 100 requirements of the different partners. same time easily maintainable infrastruc- servers were installed in local schools. Additional working groups were installed ture at their disposal. Teachers and pupils Workstations have been connected via a for special pedagogical and technical ques- have been trained extensively to not only network not only within the schools, but tions. technically handle the equipment but also also between the schools. Working in Among the tasks taken over by the to use it effectively in teaching and learn- the net thus allows the use of digital Heinz Nixdorf Institute’s research group ing. By guaranteeing ubiquitous access to media during the lessons as well as at Computers and Society is also the develop- the school’s network, the intranet and the home. ment of the project’s cooperation platform Internet, schools as learning places are Administration and maintenance are “School Wide Web Paderborn” (sww-pb) being extended: The city becomes a place of among the tasks of the communal com- where pupils as well as teachers obtain their learning.

Supported by StarOffice Software Entwicklung GmbH/kippdata Informationstechnologie GmbH Sun Microsystems

Contact: Dipl.-Math. Harald Selke E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 13 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14

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Computers and Society 41

QuIC – Qualification in Internet Cafés at Schools

The main objective of the project was to Students from 10th grade on are inte- 3 terms emphasised the commitment to support the usage of communication tech- grated into the project as well. Girls are pre- their children’s school as their main nology and new media at school after pared to take the role of multipliers in the motivation. lessons. A number of new usage scenarios project. The multipliers are educated to The modular qualification concept of internet technology has been elaborated. qualify new mothers and to maintain the was developed by HNI in cooperation Another aim was to identify the problems internet-café working in the long term. with “Schulen ans Netz e.V.”. In further of an open and sustainable usage of IT The pilot scheme was implemented over practice, qualification of the women infrastructures at school. The QuIC 3 terms of 6 months each. Several qualifi- who take a role as advisor in the inter- approach: an internet café is opened after cation scenarios were tested. In the first net-café will not be performed by stu- lessons in the afternoon and parents, espe- term, mothers and schoolgirls were pre- dents but by parents. A group of parents cially mothers, take care of the internet pared together. The mothers were qualified with specific skills agreed to participate café; it is recommended to the parents to for the task as tutors, girls were qualified as multipliers on the base of the existing participate in qualification modules in for the task as multipliers and mentors as qualification concept. return. well. Because of the different experience in Several similar projects in different The open usage of information technol- information technology and different speed places have been inspired by the posi- ogy is available at lessons as well as in the in adapting, we decided to prepare each tive turnout in Paderborn and the trans- afternoon for individual work and exercises. group separately for its given task. Another fer activities of “Schulen ans Netz e. V.”. The individual usage is guaranteed indepen- reason was that the students need a specif- dent of the student’s access to media at ic preparation to take an active part as home. This is the reason for the strong sup- mentor. The student’s preparation includes port of opening an internet-café at school the development of social skills for the among students, parents and teachers. One mentoring process. aim is to particularly encourage girls and During the project it became obvious, mothers to study modern information tech- that the requirements of the school towards nologies and build up technological compe- the students change essentially from the tences. In the focus of the project are also 10th to the 11th grade as well as from the student’s mothers who frequently feel 11th to the 12th grade. Thus, it is quite dif- uncertain in their media skills. For many ficult to find girls who participate for at women missing skills in information tech- least 2 years in a row to be trained as men- nology are an obstacle when trying to tor. return to a job after a career break (which Teachers have been revealed as a bottle- has been spent for the family). The qualifi- neck in this and similar projects. The fact cation modules that have been identified that the teacher, who is responsible for a and implemented in the QuIC project are system administration in a school is also Project members: Udo Hilwerling, Dr. Wortmann adjusted especially to these women with made responsible for all projects that deal (Goerdeler-Gymnasium), Regina Eichen (Schulen career breaks. The aim is to keep the with information technology leads to work- ans Netz e. V.), Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil-Slawik, Aylagül Özel, Christiana Nolte entrance barrier as low as possible and to overload of this particular individual. create a group of like-minded women who The internet platform LeaNet serves as enjoy learning together. Qualification is an exchange medium for dates and for given in return to engagement for their schedules as well as for an exchange of children’s school. learning documents. The internet forum was used intensively by the teacher to give advice to the participants. LeaNet is the internet platform provided for women who work in education by “Schulen ans Netz Supported by Schulen ans Netz e.V. e.V.”. It is accessible at school as well as at Goerdeler-Gymnasium Paderborn home and serves as an access platform to Initiative “Frauen gestalten die important information for the participants Informationsgesellschaft” independent of the working place. Mothers agree to participate in the project for a period of 6 months. Experience Contact: proves the 6 month period as a reasonable Christiana Nolte E-mail: [email protected] interval for planning and commitment. Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 10 Internet Café at Goerdeler-Gymnasium Paderborn Several women who participated for 2 or Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14 HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:13 Uhr Seite 42

42 Workgroup

Algorithms and Algorithms and Complexity Complexity

High Performance = Innovative Computer Systems + Efficient Algorithms Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide High computing performance can only be achieved by a combination of powerful computer systems and algorithms that solve the given application problems as efficiently as possible. Therefore, the development of efficient algorithms has established itself as a classical branch of computer science. In our research area, we concentrate on solutions where current technological possibilities such as high performance computer networks, mobile wireless communication networks, or systems supported by specialized hardware pose new challenges for algorithm development.

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Algorithms and Complexity 43

Focus in Research Dynamic networks, i.e., networks whose Modern computer systems enable expand- nodes change their (geometric, geographic) ing application areas in many respects: Par- position over time, play a major role in allel computer networks can deal with many areas: They can, e.g., be used as data extremely complex algorithmic problems; structures for moving objects in Computer the Internet realizes global exchange of Graphics or as models for wireless mobile information and the interconnected com- communication networks. We systematically puters may possibly serve as one giant par- model various kinds of dynamic networks, allel computing device; wireless communi- design appropriate algorithms, and apply cation systems allow flexible communica- them to the above mentioned problems in tion between mobile stations; hardware Computer Graphics and communication. support for graphics applications enables The algorithmic work described above real-time navigation in complex virtual has shown us that using randomized proce- scenes. A special challenge is given by com- dures can produce amazing gains in effi- puting systems consisting of heterogeneous ciency. Therefore we systematically study components (e.g. differently powerful the potential of randomized algorithms and processors, storage devices or communica- develop or apply methods from probability tion capabilities) with structural changes theory for analyzing them. over time. The algorithmic challenges To be able to navigate in a virtual imposed by the realisation and efficient 3-dimensional space and to give a realistic usage of such heterogeneous, dynamic sys- optical impression of the changing scene, tems are in the focus of our research. enormous demands are imposed on the Parallel computer networks can poten- underlying data structures that handle the tially supply unlimited computing power. scene and facilitate the rendering of the However, the efficient use of these net- individual pictures. Above all, we have to works is an extremely complex problem. We meet real-time restrictions in order to guar- provide users with a programming environ- antee a realistic impression of the scene. ment, the PUB-library, which is easy to han- Our work on the development of novel data dle and guides them towards the develop- structures led to new approaches to realize ment of efficient algorithms. In order to rendering of very large scenes in real time realize such an environment, efficient on computer networks. implementations of basic routines for com- Our research is closely linked to our munication and synchronization are needed. teaching. Our courses cover methods and Meanwhile, our PUB-library is used by an concepts of the development and analysis international community of developers, who of efficient algorithms. We also run project appreciate such an efficient and comfort- groups and support diploma theses that able environment for parallel computing. apply our theoretical insights in order to The latest extension of the PUB-library design efficient algorithms and libraries. takes into account the special problems of heterogeneous local area networks (LAN). Thereby it uses the “idle time” of connected computers within a LAN efficiently. With our theoretical results and the extensions of this library for a scenario of concurrent applications we make a first move towards Grid Computing. HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:13 Uhr Seite 44

44 Workgroup

Dynamic and Heterogeneous Networks Wireless Networks

Wireless networks replace the present We investigate mobile ad hoc networks hardware. Besides algorithms for topology wired networks. The extensive infra- (MANETs). These wireless decentral networks control and network routing we implement structure for providing communication provide no fixed infra-structure and allow and investigate medium access strategies in becomes obsolete and the new freedom participants to move freely. For data trans- SAHNE. of movement will fundamentally change mission participants spontaneously connect the future working and recreational to each other. So, central parts are obsolete. behavior. In this area we investigate Increasing density can be utilized to algorithms, models, and general proper- improve the communication network by ties of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks increasing network availability, throughput, (MANET) and sensor networks using and energy consumption by adapting the mathematical and experimental analy- transmission energy. ses, and building prototypes. Heterogeneous Wireless Networks Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Heterogeneity influences wireless networks Usually wireless networks are based on very much. This regards the wireless medi- centralized structures. Without some um as well as the computing resources of dedicated central stations the network the participants. Finding algorithmic solu- Simulation of an ad hoc network by SAHNE creating a is not available. Typically in such cen- tions for heterogeneous networks is a cur- spanner topology tralized networks the network perfor- rent research focus in this area of MANETs. mance decreases when the density This research deals with a broad range of increases, particularly the data through- hardware: starting with micro-controllers, Locality, Dynamics and Mobility put. carrying on with mini-robots with system- In wireless networks the local neighborhood on-chip technology, ranging up to W-LAN influences the network quality. Geometric networks on laptop PCs. spanner graphs provide a good basic net- We develop network prototypes in sev- work topology for the approximation of eral cooperations. Together with the work- time and energy optimal routing algo- ing group System and Circuit Technology rithms. (Prof. Ulrich Rückert) we work within the In this context we extended the notion framework of the SFB 376 (DFG special of spanner-graphs to weak and power- research cluster) “Massively Parallel Com- spanners and presented relationship puting”, partial project “Mobile Ad Hoc Net- between these graph families. We can prove works”. Here, the network prototype is that every spanner is also a weak spanner PaMANet (Paderborn Mobile implemented on mini-robots “Khepera”. Fur- while every weak spanner also provides Ad Hoc Network) creates networks thermore, we develop network protocols for power spanner properties. The inverse, how- structures for a mobile highway scenario especially designed sensors of the working ever, is not true in general. As an applica- group Sensor Technology (Prof. Ulrich Hil- tion of these theoretical insights we achieve leringmann) funded by the research award energy efficient MANETs for directed com- 2004 of the University Paderborn. In anoth- munication, which we prototypically imple- er cooperation we develop the routing pro- mented in cooperation with the working Supported by tocol PAMANET (Paderborn MANET) for W- group System and Circuit Technology. DELIS and SFB-376 C6 LAN and TCP/IPv6 in cooperation with the Dynamics and mobility of network working group Design of Parallel Systems nodes and edges can degrade the network (Prof. Franz Rammig) and the working quality. Participants of the network can Contact: group Databases und E-Commerce (Prof. suddenly appear, change their position and PD Dr. rer. nat. Christian Schindelhauer Stefan Böttcher). then disappear. We developed various E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 66 92 methods to cope with these dynamics ana- Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82 Experimental Investigations lyzed in a worst-case mobility model. These Physical effects of wireless data transmis- methods are implemented in PAMANET, the http://wwwcs.upb.de/cs/schindel.html sion are investigated using the simulation Paderborn Mobile Ad Hoc Network. Dipl.-Inform. Klaus Volbert environment SAHNE. In this simulation E-mail: [email protected] environment we study the layers of radio Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 67 22 and infrared based networks close to the Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

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Algorithms and Complexity 45

Dynamic and Heterogeneous Networks Resource management

Modern computer networks offer their Parallel Algorithms on Dynamic, of-the-art storage solutions V:DRIVE users tremendous shared storage capacities Heterogeneous PC-Clusters distributes the data in a pseudo random and computing performance. To use these In order to satisfy the increasing demand of manner over the connected storage sys- resources efficiently, we are heading for computing performance in many scientific tems leading to an optimization con- strategies for the migration of documents and engineering areas, parallel computer cerning access times of single disks as and tasks as well as for methods for the systems are used. There are several different well as a higher usage of capacity. That balanced placement of data. Hence, we are kind of parallel machines like the classic randomized method guarantees an even focussing on heterogeneous properties con- high performance computer systems, work- distribution of all I/O requests over all cerning computational power and storage station clusters with fast interconnection storage systems. Thus, V:DRIVE ensures capacities within those networks. networks, and PC loosely coupled by the the absence of bottlenecks within the internet. The Bulk Synchronous Parallel system, even when having to cope with Page Migration in Dynamic (BSP) bridging model provides a unified and a data volume up to several PByte, a Networks simple programing model for these wide system limit that has already been In wireless networks it is usually the case range of systems by ignoring the network reached today by many installations. The that the participants want to access shared topology. developed methods base on common documents or even whole databases In addition to theoretical aspects like theoretical research results that were belonging to other participants. This is models for the utilization of computers, gained in corporation with members of achieved by copying the data to the local load balancing strategies, and job schedul- the group “System an Circuit Technolo- memory of the participant. For this problem ing we use our experience to develop two gies“ of Prof. Dr-Ing. Ulrich Rückert. we developed dynamic re-allocation strate- software libraries, the PUB (Paderborn Uni- gies, which migrate data between nodes versity BSP) library and PUBWCL. PUB sup- upon request sequences issued by the par- ports centrally administrated parallel com- ticipants. The goal is to minimize the dis- puters and workstation clusters and con- tance between frequently accessed data tains load-balancing strategies to use idle and the nodes which requested it. Such times in a normal office environment effi- placement decreases the communication ciently. A faultless execution of jobs, even cost within the network. Additionally, our when some computers crashed, is achieved strategy reacts to the changes in the net- by periodically created checkpoints. work topology, caused by movement of PUBWCL is a distributed system to use nodes. Our algorithms are one of the first the internet for parallel computations. Arbi- analytical approaches to the data manage- trary clients can participate and spend com- Heterogeneous Storage Area Network ment problem in dynamically changing net- pute power. Users can run parallel applica- works, and they approximate the optimal tions that will be executed by the network. solution within a polylogarithmic factor. In addition to load balancing and fault tol- erance wee have to consider security because clients execute program code of different unknown users. Supported by SFB-376 A1 Heterogeneous storage area SFB-376 A2 PReSto networks G-School The infinite growth of data that need to be HNI-GK stored leads to new challenges in the future concerning the design and the administration of storage systems. At this year's CeBit Contact: international fair in Hannover as well as at Dipl.-Inform. Mario Vodisek E-mail: [email protected] the LinuxWorld in Frankfurt the Heinz Nix- Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 51 dorf institute introduced V:DRIVE, an new Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82 storage management solution that is able to significantly increase the efficiency of http://wwwcs.upb.de/cs/vodisek.html storage systems as well as their administra- Dipl.-Inform. Olaf Bonorden tion by using innovative administration E-mail: [email protected] Load balancing using migration approaches. In contrast to common state- Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 33 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

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46 Workgroup

Algorithms for large networks

The rapid development of faster computer outcome of an election precisely and still hardware and the higher inter-connection no one has doubts about the significance of has increased the complexity of networks election prognoses. An important class of dramatically. The most prominent example network problems are the so-called opti- of such a complex network is probably the mization problems. In an optimization prob- graph of the Internet, which is defined by lem we want to maximize the value of an the links between different web pages. Of objective function subject to a set of con- course, it is impossible to store such a straints. We have developed algorithms that gigantic graph on a single computer. Mas- read only a small part of the input but still sive data sets also occur in the form of data compute an approximation to the value of streams. Imagine we want to maintain sta- the objective function. We developed such tistics about the network flow at some algorithms for a number of clustering prob- Internet router. In this case we have access lems in metric spaces including the k-medi- to the source and destination address of an, k-means, and min-sum-k-clustering every routed packed. Because of the large problem. number of routed packets it is almost impossible to store this information for Algorithms for data streams every packet. Therefore, our goal is to main- When we develop algorithms for data tain a small representative selection of the stream we can use similar techniques to routed packets. In both of the above sce- those used in the area of sublinear-time narios mentioned above ’standard’ algo- approximation. But there are also some dif- rithms do not work because of the large ferences that affect the design of algo- input size and the resulting time and rithms. In contrast to a sublinear time space requirements. Therefore, we approximation algorithm, a streaming algo- develop new algorithms that can ana- rithm can read the whole input at least lyze network properties by looking at once. It has the restriction that at any time small random samples and algo- it can only store a small amount of the rithms for data streams that main- observed data. The goal is to select this tain small sketches of the data seen small amount in a clever way to get a rep- so far. resentative selection. Our interest lies on algorithms for dynamic data streams where Statistical analysis of a dynamic geometric data Sublinear-time approximation the streamconsists of a sequence of insert stream. algorithms and delete operations of items into/from a At every election, immediately after the poll set. Dynamics induces a number of addi- stations close at 6 p.m. there is a prognosis tional problems. For example, how to make for the outcome of the election. Surprising- sure that the data selected by the algorithm ly, this prognosis has such a high quality is not deleted in the future? We have devel- that winners and losers of the election are oped a fundamental technique to solve a often known at this point of time. This is number of optimization problems (k-medi- achieved despite of the fact that only a few an, k-means, MaxCut, Max Traveling Sales- people are interviewed about their political man, etc.) in dynamic data streams. preferences. Obviously, it is possible to predict the outcome of an election by asking a Supported by small sample of the population. Why should DELIS not it be possible to use this concept (draw- DFG-Netz ing of samples) in algorithmic research? As Pasco-GK a matter of fact, it is possible to analyze algorithmic problems in a similar way. In doing so, a new discipline of algorithmic Contact: Dr. rer. nat. Christian Sohler research has recently been established and E-mail: [email protected] up to now only few results are known. Cer- Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 27 tainly, one cannot find an exact solution to Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82 a problem, if one only knows a part of the http://www.upb.de/cs/csohler.html input. But it also impossible to predict the HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:13 Uhr Seite 47

Algorithms and Complexity 47

Algorithms for Computer Graphics

The copling of visualisation and simulation Point Clouds Collision Detection of highly detailed virtual scenes imparts the In cooperation with Dr. Gabriel Zachmann user an intuitive understanding of complex (University of Bonn), we focus on collision problems. We investigate algorithms for detection of point clouds and its inherent efficient rendering of virtual scenes and for surface definition. We define the implicit time critical collision detection. We apply surface of a point cloud as the zero set of our methods to virtual scenes of material a function, which is algorithmically con- flow simulations. structed by local linear regression (weighted least squares). There, we replace the Euclid- Pipeline Buffer: Rearrangement of polygons Reducing State Changes with a ean distance function by geodesic distances Pipeline Buffer that can be approximated by a proximity In current rendering systems culling and graph. This allows us to reduce artifacts approximation techniques are used to during the surface reconstruction dramati- reduce the amount of rendered primitives. cally. However, such methods usually require a The graphs can also be used for collision spatial sorting of the polygons which leads detection. Using an interpolation search, to many state changes (e.g., changes of tex- initialized by randomized sampling, we can tures or shader programs) and suboptimal find intersections in logarithmic time with running time. Since the subset of primitives respect to the size of the point clouds. For changes from frame to frame, sorting the further acceleration, we developed a time- whole subset in order to states is too critical approach which utilizes point cloud Collision detection between two point clouds expensive. Our new method includes a small hierarchies. As a consequence, we can A and B. The colour field visualizes the distance buffer between application and graphics exclude areas of non-collision very effi- to the surface of B. hardware. This pipeline buffer is used to ciently. rearrange the incoming sequence of primitives online and locally, in such a way that Active Support of the Analysis of the number of state changes is minimized. Material Flow Simulation in a Virtual If the state of the incoming sequence Environment (BAMSI) changed, the arriving primitive is stored in In cooperation with the group ‘Business the buffer. In case of a buffer overflow the Computing, especially CIM’, we develop a selection strategy chooses the next state coupled simulation and walkthrough sys- and all primitives of that state are evicted tem. The walkthrough system visualises the from the buffer and rendered. We have simulation steps of the simulator and sup- proofed that the bounded waste strategy is ports the viewer by detecting and mitigat- within a polylogarithmic factor of optimal. ing significant objects in material flow sim- Experiments confirm that the number of ulations. The simulator computes the Virtual scene in material flow simulations state changes is reduced by an order of objects of the simulation model that cause magnitude even with small buffers. Our difficulties. The system guides the viewer software implementation improves the ren- across a traffic route of the virtual scene to dering time about 10%-50%. The pipeline significant points and objects. Special mark- buffer is a generic method, i.e., it can be ers, which are placed on the traffic route, easily integrated into existing rendering sys- focus the attention of the viewer on signifi- tems, into the device driver or even into the cant points. Our randomized algorithms graphics hardware. allow a simple increase or reduction of the approximation quality for different parts of Supported by BAMSI the scene. Therefore, we can guarantee a DFG-Netz high rendering quality for all objects that are important for the viewer.

Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Matthias Fischer E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 90 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

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48 Workgroup

Design of Distributed Design of Distributed EmbeddedEmbedded Systems Systems

Distributed Embedded Real-time Systems Become Manageable Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig Informatics is everywhere; the technical world ranging from mobile phones to entire fabrication plants is governed by informatics today. More than 20 billions of micro processors and the software running on top of them control as Embed- ded Systems whatever forms our technical environment. The mission of the research group “Design of Parallel Systems” is to make contributions to a seamless design process for Distributed Embedded Real-time Systems (DERty). This central scientific challenge has to be considered to cover all phases and aspects of such a process.

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Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 49

Research Area: direction has been our definition of a real- We are considering the reconfig- Design Methods for Distributed time extension of the Object Constraint urable applications and a reconfigurable Embedded Real-time Systems Language (OCL), called RT-OCL and being RTOS. So, it is not surprising that we are Our technical environment is dominated submitted for standardization. For real-time investigating the potentials of reconfig- more and more by informatics. For a long systems with a dynamic structure, we inves- uration of the underlying hardware as time, this tendency was restricted to isolat- tigate Pr/T nets as the modeling means, in well. These research activities are bun- ed objects like automobiles, appliances, and this case, ones with dynamical structure. In dled under the theme DERty RuSt fabrication cells. Currently, we experience the area of formal verification, we are (Reconfigurable Systems). We are work- the next phase, being characterized by the investigating various kinds of Model Check- ing on a seamless tool chain which increasingly complex communication struc- ing, especially ones that allow coping with especially supports the potentials of a tures connecting the increasingly intelligent dynamically reconfigurable systems. partial or total reconfiguration at run components. The embedded systems, com- In most cases, the real-time applications time. In this context, we investigate the munication systems and their mobility have run on top of a real-time operating system various options of the reconfigurable to be considered as an interconnected (RTOS). Our activities in this area have been systems, ranging from the stand alone whole. The scientific community discusses bundled under the theme DERty DREAMS. solutions without any processor to the terms like “Autonomic Computing”, “Organ- DREAMS (Distributed Real-time Extensible heterogeneous PC-clusters. Being ic Computing”, or “Biologically Inspired Application Management System) is our dependent on the actual load distribu- Computing”, for such a kind of systems. library for real-time operating system ser- tion, it has to be decided at run time, It is our mission to contribute substan- vices. Currently, we are investigating as to whether HW or SW solutions are more tially to a seamless design process for such how such a system can be extended into cost efficient. Our seamless approach a scenario, i.e. for Distributed Embedded the direction of self-optimization. For this allows the configuring of a real-time Real-time Systems (DERty). Currently, we purpose, we are extending our configura- operating system on demand in such a are concentrating on three main topics: tion tool TEReCS to a run time service way, that the dynamical reconfiguration DERty UML: Specification, modeling, and which includes a profile management. We of HW modules can be controlled at run formal verification of embedded Real-time investigate highly distributed applications time. systems with dynamical communication structure. Our three research areas: DERty DERty DREAMS: Component-based distrib- In such an environment, the OS services UML, DERty DREAMS, and DERty RuST uted real-time operating systems and soft- have to be distributed in such a way that all are closely connected. In addition, we ware synthesis the required system services can be granted investigate a variety of applications, DERty RuSt: Reconfigurable hardware and with a minimal effort. ranging from the self-optimizing sys- software systems. tems of mechanics via intelligent sensors to image processing on PC clusters. Model-based techniques showed to be the most promising approach to design the complex systems in a systematic manner. The UML (current version 2.0) became the de facto standard in this area. We bundle our research in the area of specification, modeling, and formal verification, under the theme, DERty UML. Besides our efforts towards a computer based environment supporting specification and modeling (even by geographically distributed teams) including executable specifications, we are working on the real-time extensions of the UML standard. An important step in this HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:13 Uhr Seite 50

50 Workgroup

DERTy UML (Distributed Embedded Real Time Systems – Unified Modeling Language): Specification, Modeling & Verification

System modeling and formal specification of SDL and UML languages within one pre- in combination with formal verification can cise, formally defined and executable substantially contribute to the correctness semantic model. This model is further used and quality of the designed software/hard- as an input to the formal verification by ware systems and consequently help to means of model checking. For this purpose, reduce the development costs. a dedicated “on-the-fly” model checking Our research work mainly focuses on tool has been designed and implemented the systematic application of various formal that allows to verify an AsmL specification techniques for system specification, model- against the properties described in form of ing, and verification to the design process CTL* formulae. of complex systems characterized by control The project B1 of SFB 614 provides an distribution and constrained by the real- approach to combine seamlessly the design time and safety requirements. techniques with the formal verification Our main research topics techniques in the domain of self-optimizing include: executable specifica- Multi Agent Systems with Mechatronic tions, semantic integration of components. The project is held in tight heterogeneous specification cooperation with the working group of Prof. techniques and languages, Schäfer (EIM Faculty). For the design tech- application of formal verifica- niques, the basic modeling idea is to com- tion techniques such as bine the object-oriented and component- Model Checking to support based techniques with the Multi Agent par- fully automated verification adigm. Consequently, the UML state dia- of distributed (real time) sys- grams with real time extension are used to tems against safety and real specify the behaviors of the software com- time properties. All men- ponents of a Mechatronic Multi Agent Sys- tioned topics have been tem. In order to verify the defined RT-UML investigated in the scope of state diagrams, a verification framework has the ISILEIT and the B1 (SFB been designed that is based on the formal On-the-fly model checking of UML Statechart 614) projects both originating technique of Abstract State Machines from different application (ASMs) and the AsmL language. This frame- domains, i.e., Flexible Manu- work shall support formal verification of facturing Systems for the for- off-line as well as on-line properties. The mer and self-optimizing Multi properties are specified in the RT-OCL lan- Agent Systems with Mecha- guage that has been developed in the con- tronic components for the text of the B1 Project. The RT-OCL repre- latter. sents a refinement of the UML “Object Con- The ISILEIT project, held in strained Language (OCL)” that allows the AsmL-based verification framework for real time UML models cooperation with the working specification of real time requirements and groups of Prof. Gausemeier constraints. (HNI) und Prof. Schäfer (EIM In the defined verification framework, Faculty), aims at the develop- the RT-UML state diagrams and the associ- ment of seamless methodolo- ated RT-OCL properties are automatically gy for integrated design, exported from the used modeling tool analysis and validation of dis- FUJABA1 and are subsequently transformed tributed production control into the corresponding AsmL models and systems. In this project, the temporal logic formulae. These are further Abstract State Machine lan- used as inputs for the verification process. guage (AsmL) has been The generated AsmL models are instrument- applied to integrate subsets ed using the AsmL exploration functionality

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Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 51

in order to explore their state spaces and construct optimized and simplified Kripke structure representations. The constructed Kripke structures are further used as input for the model checking process. In the first phase of the project the real time model checker RAVEN has been employed for these purposes. At the same time, some other model checking techniques like on- the-fly model checking, compositional and incremental model checking have also been examined. Besides the formal verification of embedded systems, the domain of exe- UVM Architecture cutable specifications is being thoroughly defined. The UVM executes the system investigated. The main objective here is the models in a binary form. The main idea here definition of an executable subset of UML is to execute the state machines directly in 2.0 diagrams that allows a platform inde- the implementation platform by mapping pendent execution of system models. In this them to so-called Executable State Machine field, the first results have been achieved in (ESM) units. An ESM represents an efficient the C-LAB in cooperation with the working implementation of the state machine. The group of Prof. Engels (EIM Faculty). action language part of a state machine is The main field of interest here are the transformed to an executable object-orient- real time embedded systems with their speed byte code that is similar to the instruc- cific requirements. For the specification of tion set of a microprocessor. such systems, a combination of UML class The UVM architecture is based on a so- diagrams, state machine diagrams, and called Model Execution Unit (MEU). A MEU Supported by sequence diagrams are supported. The class consists of an ESM interpreter and a byte Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: SFB 376, Tp. B1 diagrams are used for describing the system code interpreter. Interrupts and timeouts (Entwurfsmethoden für massiv parallele Realzeitsysteme); structure while the state machine and are handled directly by the ESM interpreter. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: sequence diagrams are applied for modeling The Adaptive Runtime Kernel (ARK) com- SFB 614, Tp. B1 (Entwurfstechniken) ; the system behavior. Moreover, the prises of the Memory Manager, the Sched- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: sequence diagrams combined with Java-like uler and the Dynamic EMS Loader compo- SPP 1064, Projekt ISILEIT syntax for describing basic computation nents that run as adaptable services of the primitives represent an action language for MEU. By modeling these ARK components Research Team: modeling activities of a state machine. In as standalone ESMs, a high level of re-con- M.E.E. Hocine El Habib Daho advantage, the considered sequence dia- figurability during the run-time can be Dr. rer. nat. Dania Adnan El-Kebbe grams of UML 2.0 provide additional fea- achieved. This concept thus offers a signifi- Dipl.-Ing. Martin Kardos tures in form of so-called combined frag- cant flexibility with respect to the applica- Dipl.-Inform. Stefan Ihmor Dipl.-Inform. Markus Koch (C-LAB) ments that allow the description of struc- tion in the domain of reconfigurable hard- Dipl.-Inform. Alexander Krupp (C-LAB) tural programming constructs such as loops, ware/software architectures. The first very Dr. Wolfgang Müller (C-LAB) semaphores, alternatives, etc. In addition, promising results have already been Dipl.-Inform. Achim Rettberg (C-LAB) Dipl.-Inform. Carsten Rust (C-LAB) we extended the UML state machines in achieved by implementing a MEU prototype Dipl.-Inform. Dirk Stichling (C-LAB) order to capture the aspects specific to the on a Xilinx Virtex II. Dipl.-Inform. Jörg Stöcklein embedded systems like interrupts, timeouts, Dipl.-Inform. Henning Zabel (C-LAB) M. Sc. Yuhong Zhao time constraints, etc. To support the execution of the system models, a dedicated execution platform, i.e., UML Virtual Machine (UVM), has been Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Martin Kardos E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 94 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 02

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52 Workgroup

DERty-DREAMS (Distributed Extensible Application Management System): Self-optimizing, Load balancing, Organic Computing

Embedded Systems are being used more In particular, every time, a safe system and more during the recent years in a vast needs to be ensured, where the determinis- spectrum of applications. Moreover, it is not tic treatment of all safety-relevant tasks, rare to have a network of these systems. under adherence to given time constraints, Examples of these systems are found in has to be guaranteed. cars, PDAs, mobile telephones and sensor In order to realize a self-optimizing networks. Thereby, the Real Time Operating RTOS, the following issues were considered: Systems (RTOS) are taking tasks which are First, the design space of the reconfigura- ever more extensive and complex. In order tion of the RTOS had to be modeled to rep- to reach flexibility as well as efficiency, the resent the possibilities of the adjustment of RTOS needs to be modular, dynamically the system to applications. The reconfigura- reconfigurable and, if necessary, distributed. tion takes place if the requirements of the In the context of the project C2 of the applications change. Therefore, an interface SFB 614, in co-operation with the working between the application and the operating group of Professor Rückert (HNI), the devel- system had to be defined to make the opment of such a system is being carried exchange of this information possible. With out. this information, an adequate configuration The approach followed here is to design of the system must be selected to support a RTOS that has the capacity to adapt itself the current requirements of the application. to the current requirements of the applica- For this activity, a Resource Management tion in a resource-efficient manner. System was developed. The RTOS analyzes the current condi- The hardware support plays a substan- tions/constraints and optimizes itself inde- tial role in the development of a self-opti- pendently by means of reconfiguration. mizing RTOS. Thus, it has the capability to support appli- The parts of the operating system, prop- cations with strong differences in the erly adapted to hardware, can run more requirements profile with an optimal set of efficiently with the advantage of paral- services. lelism of such environment and due to the fact that they can run concurrently with the processor. The special attraction is the implementation of such a system on a chip Self-optimizing RTOS (System on Chip – SoC). We investigate in particular, the potential of those Chips that provide a processor together with a programmable logic. On this basis, the operating system services are implemented in hardware and software and they are placed at run-time on the processor or the FPGA. The decision of which service to be placed in which execution environment, depends on the current processor utilization, the reconfiguration costs, the communication costs and the resources needed. For this, a cost function is being developed, which evaluates all system parameters, in order to find an efficient distribution of the operating system services. The development of embedded systems with Ad-hoc-networks opens the possibility for new challenging applications. However, in addition, they require the development of new concepts for those systems. HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:13 Uhr Seite 53

Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 53

For example, the small embedded systems can be scattered over an area in order to form a wireless sensor network. The Example for localization and migration development of our operating system nano- of operating system services based on OS, aims to support these kinds of network ant’s algorithms systems. The challenge with the development of the nano-OS lies in the limited hardware resource and the high mobility of the individual systems (nodes). In order to make a highly efficient operating system possible, despite those restrictions, the individual services of the operating system are distributed and used collectively. Moreover, these services may be migrated with the movement of the system among the nodes, in order to keep the system capable of providing the requirements of that application. Algorithms from the area of Organic Computing are used to decide the Operat- ing System (OS) service to be migrated and service migrates using the path with the the node in the system to be migrated. strongest markings. Organic Computing algorithms are based The orientation towards the biological on the behavioral patterns observed from principles regarding the self-organization the nature and are used for the system to and the self-optimization, allows the devel- adapt itself to the underlying environment. opment of a system that has the capability Thus the developed techniques for the to adapt itself to the environment dynami- nano-OS were inspired by the strategy of cally. the ants in the search of their food. An interesting new research field is the The ants mark the path they use to so-called High Performance Reconfigurable search for food and the path back to Computing (HPRC), which results from the its starting place with a chemical sub- fusion of the High Performance Computing Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: SFB 614, Tp. C2 stance (pheromone). Other ants follow (HPC) and the Reconfigurable Computing (RTOS für Selbstoptimierende Systeme); this trace and increase, in this way, the (RC). Our platform consists of a dedicated Europäische Union, Forschungsprogramm IST: concentration of pheromone along the PC-Cluster whose computing nodes are Projekt EVENTS path. The path with the highest concen- equipped with FPGA cards. The heterogene- tration of pheromone promises to be the ity of this system is characterized by the most successful path. Using this as an different arithmetic and logic units (proces- Research Team: analogy with the nano-OS, the offered sors on one side and FPGAs on the other). Dipl.-Inform. Michael Ditze (C-LAB) M. Sc.-Eng. Marcelo Götz services by some nodes correspond to the This heterogeneity posts a big challenge in M. Sc. Tales Heimfarth food, and the application requirements the development of the methods to ensure M. Sc. Arvind Krishnamurthy correspond to the ants searching for food. an efficient execution of the applications. Dipl.-Inform. Johannes Lessmann M. Sc. Norma Montealegre If a node requests an OS service, then it Therefore, an operating system extension Dipl.-Inform. Simon Oberthür sends this requirement to another node. would be developed, which decides at run- M. Sc. Tien Pham Van If this node does not have the demanded time, which functional components of the Dipl.-Inform. Sabina Rips Dr. rer. nat. Friedhelm Stappert (C-LAB) service, it passes on the requirement. All application should be executed on which Dipl.-Inform. Gunnar Steinert the nodes where the requirement passes arithmetic and logic units. A decentralized through, similar to the ants’ behavior, are approach will be followed, in which the marked. An optimization of the communi- decisions are made locally on each comput- Contact: cation costs can take place because the ing node. The decision is based on the sys- M. Sc.-Eng. Marcelo Götz requested service moves nearer to the tem utilization and the particular character- E-mail: [email protected] requesting node. Always, the requested istics of the application. Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 16 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 02

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54 Workgroup

DERty RuSt (Reconfigurable Systems): Modeling, Synthesis and dynamic Reconfiguration

Within the framework of our design tion. Thus, runtime systems like the methodology, the research team DERty RuSt DREAMS operating system, which was concentrates on the topic of reconfigurable developed by our research team DERty computing. The ongoing research activities DREAMS, has the capability to manage the complement one another to a complete resources of a reconfigurable computing design methodology, realized in an integrat- system and make them available to the ed tool chain. Starting with a model-based applications. modeling approach via an automated syn- The working group targets several dif- thesis process up to a dynamic reconfigura- ferent computer platforms: In the area of tion process, this methodology enables us embedded systems, the main computing to benefit from the partial and complete resources are either standalone FPGA(s) or a hardware reconfiguration during runtime. combination of FPGA(s) and processor(s). The aim is to design computer systems Examples are the RC-200, made by Celoxica, that involve reconfigurable hardware the RAPTOR 2000 developed by the working devices such as FPGAs (Field Programmable group of System and Circuit Technology of Gate Array). Depending on the characteris- the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and, a board dis- tics of the application, such devices can tributed by the company AVNET, equipped overcome sequentially working processors with a Xilinx Virtex-II PRO FPGA. The combi- in efficiency and performance by many nation of design methodology and runtime times. Until now, the traditional design flow system should assure applications to be resembles the design flows of digital circuits platform independent to the greatest possi- and does not consider the capability of ble extent and to maximize the advantage reconfiguring the device during runtime. of runtime reconfiguration in compliance Therefore, the research team DERty RuSt with the given real-time constraints. explores the design methods which take As the hardware systems may vary their advantage of the special properties of behavior over time, one research topic reconfigurable hardware devices and make addresses the dynamic placement of the them accessible to higher levels of abstrac- exchanged functionality inside the reconfigurable hardware components. Therefore, the connections and properties of the Modeling a reconfigurable system from a behavioral, structural and a geometrical point affected hardware are reconfigured to of view. adapt to the behavior during runtime – in contrast to the classical “static” hardware. The challenges resulting from this approach reach from an abstract modeling up to a realization, in form of specific synthesis tools. The ongoing research is supported by the DFG program Rekonfigurierbare Rechensysteme. A clever partitioning approach developed in our group, enables us to compute applications that exceed the capabilities of the target hardware platform. Therefore, we cluster applications to modules, which then will be downloaded and calculated consec- utively on the hardware. We employ spectral based methods for the clustering to find solutions in a multi-dimensional space. HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:13 Uhr Seite 55

Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 55

A tool, dedicated to the mentioned challenges in the design process of a reconfigurable system, divides the modeling aspect into the three views: Behavior, structure and geometry. These views deduce the well known Y-chart model for system design. The tool visualizes the user-defined dependencies between the three views. Later, the partitioning methods can be applied to an interactive and automated synthesis process, in the form of a tool-kit. Another research topic concentrates on the development of the operating system services in hardware, to execute the independent tasks in parallel on an FPGA platform. In contrast to the processor based Execution and appliance of an operating system systems, the application processes and the on an FPGA-based platform. operating system services themselves are implemented as digital circuits. Here, the operating system has to simultaneously control the execution of all the processes specification of a backup-behavior that is and manage the required resources of the executed during the reconfiguration process platform. Therefore, a memory manager was enables us to switch deterministically implemented to assign the available memo- between the tasks in safety-critical real- ry dynamically to the processes. The con- time environments. flicts resulting from the simultaneous mem- The modeling of the complex communi- ory requests are solved by a priority based cation systems with UML2.0 is handled by a scheduling. dedicated tool developed in our working Additionally, the various models of mul- group. A subsequent synthesis process gen- titasking on FPGAs are explored. For exam- erates the reconfigurable VHDL fragments ple, it was shown, how a process can be of the adapting interface block which may realized as a digital circuit which can grow be placed by the tool mentioned above. up and shrink again during runtime (by Further, the presented design method- adding and removing circuit elements). Due ologies for reconfigurable computing und Supported by to this behavior, a process can adapt itself runtime environments are very interesting Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: SFB 376, Tp. B1 (Entwurfsmethoden für massiv par- dynamically to the amount of the available for some topics related to the research allele Realzeitsysteme); resources. team DERty DREAMS: In heterogeneous Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: One important research aspect focuses systems, the ability of reconfiguration is a SPP 1148, Projekt TP2R2 on the reconfigurable interfaces. These fundamental component for swapping out interfaces allow us to interconnect hetero- operating system services dynamically to geneous applications in an alterable com- hardware platforms. The distribution of ser- Research Team: munication system. The interface acts as a vices aims to gain a maximum performance Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Danne Dipl.-Inform. Florian Dittmann transparent adapter and is able to handle under the constraint of an optimal utiliza- M. Sc.-Eng. Marcelo Götz numerous applications in parallel (multi task tion of resources. Another aspect of our M. Sc. Tales Heimfarth interfaces). Due to the modular structure of methodology covers load balancing in het- Dipl.-Inform. Stefan Ihmor Dipl.-Inform. Achim Rettberg (C-LAB) the adapter, we can exchange individual erogeneous clusters, where the reconfig- Dipl.-Inform. Gunnar Steinert connected applications during runtime by urable hardware is one part of the the reconfiguration of the interface. The employed computing resources.

Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Stefan Ihmor E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 93 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 02

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56 Workgroup

System and Circuit Technology System and Circuit Technology

Microelectronics – Key Technology and Challenge Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert With the growing use of integration technology in almost all areas of life, microelectronics has become the key technology of the modern information society. The systematic design of resource-efficient microelectronic systems and their use according to specific demands constitute the central research aim of the Research Group of System and Circuit Technology.

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System and Circuit Technology 57

Key Technology Microelectronics Cognitronics The unbroken revolutionary progress of Cognitronics deals with the development of microelectronics is the driving force behind microelectronic circuits for a resource-effi- the devolopment of new products with cient realisation of cognitive systems. It is noticeably extended functionality and the aim of our research activities to equip increased capability at lower costs. Even technical products with cognitive skills in beyond the year 2010, the development of order to improve their functionality and Microelectronics will not be restricted by make them more reliable and user-friendly. physical-technological limitations so that Examples of cognitronic systems have challenges lie in the mastery of the design developed in nature in great numbers over complexity – the technological standard is the course of evolution. It therefore makes more than 100 million transistors on an sense to transfer biological information area of few square centimetres – and in the processing principles onto technical sys- economical use of these technological pos- tems. Central to our work is the analysis of sibilities. the theoretical capability and the integra- Against this background, the research tion-oriented realisation of such principles. group of System and Circuit Technology develops microelectronic devices and sys- Mediatronics Microelectronics as technological basis for tems in digital and analog circuit technolo- Mediatronics is a new interdisciplinary Mediatronics and Cognitronics. gy. A special focus is on massively parallel research field at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute, realisations and the evaluation of the which is concerned with the situative inte- resource efficency of such implementations. gration of technical products and systems Here, resource efficiency means to handle into open systems. In future, these systems the physical quantities space, time and will be marked, to an even greater extent, energy economically. by a decentral organisation of dynamically Our research and technological transfer connected, intelligent components. activities concentrate on the central Our aim is to develop and provide domains of Cognitronics and Mediatronics. methods and techniques that enable tech- The theoretical and practical education of nical products to communicate and coop- students in managing and mastering the erate efficiently. Here, we follow new key technology of microelectronics in con- approaches to use the available computing crete applications of information and power and network resources efficiently in automation technology goes hand in hand order to optimally meet the demands for with our research work. service quality and reliability of future communication systems. HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:14 Uhr Seite 58

58 Workgroup

Cognitronics Mobile, autonomous minirobots for research and edutainment

Motivation the serial cable, providing a higher commu- Cognitronic systems are characterized by nication speed. The communication module situation-dependent behavior based on can also be used to build communication problem-specific data processing of envi- networks of up to four robots communicat- ronmental sensor information gathered ing in parallel and thus enable cooperative from different sensor systems. In the devel- behavior by synchronizing a group of opment process of cognitronic systems, we robots. The benefit from the Bluetooth use simulation tools to analyze the features communication is that it is not necessary of a solution. Furthermore, we aim at the for the communicating source and destina- prototypic realization, as only experiments tion to be in a direct line of sight, and that on real systems can provide objective evi- the robots do not have to be aligned to dence of the system’s performance. Pros each other. and cons of a proposed system can be identified more realisticly on a prototype than Application scenario on a simulation model. We use the Khepera The replacement of the serial cable commu- minirobot as development platform and nication by using the Bluetooth module for prototyping device for cognitronic systems, the communication between host PC and a which – starting from a standard base mod- robot (point-to-point connection) allows an ule – can be upgraded as regards its capa- effortless visualization of sensor data as bilities by adding various extension modules. well as software tests without limiting the robot’s freedom of movement. Furthermore, Minirobot communication network using Implementation the robot can be reconfigured via the wire- Bluetooth technology The minirobot needs to be equipped with less communication link to easily implement adequate capabilities depending on the spe- different behaviors. Point-to-multipoint cific application scenario. We have devel- connections with one master and up to oped additional modules for the minirobot three slaves enable new fields of applica- that extend its sensory capabilities (ARM- tions such as cooperative exploration and microcontroller module, FPGA-module, ASIC mapping of the environment. Obstacles in (application-specific integrated circuits ) the robot’s environment are reported to the module), enable inter-robot communication master in order to synchronize the know- (infrared module, Bluetooth module) and ledge of the explored area on all slaves. provide additional features for robot inter- In contrast to infrastructure-based net- action (gripper module, sound module). works, these types of wireless networks are To achieve maximum autonomy of the decentralized and characterized by their robot’s actions as well as to provide mecha- high dynamics. The autonomous minirobots nisms for cooperative behavior in robot negotiate a command hierarchy by applying colonies, a Bluetooth communication mod- service discovery techniques. The number of ule has been developed. The pluggable network participants in point-to-multipoint module can be used as a replacement for connections is limited to one master and seven slaves by the Bluetooth technology (piconet). By developing scatternet solutions an even larger number of robots can be connected simultaneously by wireless links and we will be in the posi- Supported by tion to develop, implement and Service Discovery; Graduiertenkolleg “Automatische evaluate cooperative behavior Konfigurierung in offenen Systemen“ strategies for groups of robots to perform research in the areas of service discovery Contact: Dr.-Ing Ulf Witkowski and cooperative behavior in E-mail: [email protected] robot colonies. With about 70 Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 minirobots, our research group Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51 Minirobot with 2D-Camera module and has one of the largest robot http://wwwhni.upb.de/sct/cognitronics Bluetooth communication module collections worldwide. HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:14 Uhr Seite 59

System and Circuit Technology 59

Service Discovery Finding and Using Services in Multi-Robot-Systems

Motivation • Robustness: A network of mobile robots First installations of autonomous mobile can be very dynamic. Nodes will fail, log robots (e.g. as cleaning or security robots) off or leave the radio range, and new have already been realized. If mobile robots nodes will join the network. The absence are to be deployed in large numbers in our of single nodes should not decrease the environment in future, cooperation among success rate of search requests of the net- the - presumably highly specialized - robot work as a whole. New nodes are to be systems will be necessary for a successful integrated quickly. application. • Scalability: The developed solution should Robots need the ability to mutually be able to integrate and service hundreds offer each other services in an open, het- or even thousands of nodes. erogeneous network and they must be able • Compatibility: A smooth integration with to efficiently discover and use those ser- wired networks should be possible so that vices. Only this feature will allow them to so called “wired-cum-wireless environ- cooperate flexibly and dynamically to solve ments” can be built. This will enable our tasks. solution to exploit existent infrastructure, if available, to increase scalability and Implementation throughput of the network while decreas- The robots will form so-called mobile ad- ing resource consumption of the mobile hoc networks (MANETs) for communication. nodes. These are wireless networks consisting of • Efficiency: The developed solution has to mobile nodes that are characterized by their be resource-efficient, particularly as Basic idea of service discovery decentralized organization and the poten- regards the radio bandwidth. tially high dynamics of the network struc- • Realizability: At the end of this project, ture. Communication over large distances in we want to implement the solution in a this kind of infrastructureless networks is real system. Thus the realizability of the achieved by multi-hop connections where solution is a major point in addition to nodes on the way between source and des- the above mentioned requirements. tination act as routers and forward received messages towards the destination. The problem of efficient service discovery in mobile ad-hoc networks is still unsolved. Known solutions for service discovery (like Jini, JXTA, SLP, UPnP, Bluetooth SDP or Salutation) were not designed with such highly dynamic and resource-constrained networks in mind. A solution for this problem cannot be studied independently from the routing protocols in such networks. We consider position-based rout- Two robots cooperate ing algorithms here, as robots inevitably Supported by have to know their position within their Graduate College “Automatische Konfigurierung in offenen Systemen” environment and relative to each other to navigate and act meaningfully. Position- based routing algorithms make use of the Contact: positional data of the network nodes to Dipl.-Ing. Jia Lei Du increase scalability and efficiency. The E-mail: [email protected] objective of this project is to develop a Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 88 solution for service discovery in networks of Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51 mobile robot systems and to demonstrate Dr.-Ing Ulf Witkowski its capability through a working implemen- E-mail: [email protected] tation on real robots. Regarding our solu- Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51 tion, we put particular emphasis on: http://wwwhni.upb.de/sct/cognitronics HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:14 Uhr Seite 60

60 Workgroup

Reconfigurable Computing Modeling of dynamically reconfigurable architectures

A fundamental aim in the development of opment of such design methodologies is microelectronic circuits is the efficient han- the modeling of reconfigurable architec- dling of the given resources area, time and tures. power. Moreover, the increasing complexity of microelectronic circuits requires high- Modeling quality design and verification tools that In our project “Hardware Reconfiguration”, enable a simple computer aided design of which is part of the SFB614, we target the integrated circuits. development of a methodology for a simple Microprocessors offer a high degree of yet efficient utilization of reconfigurable flexibility due to their software programma- hardware. The development is based on an bility. Compared to application specific inte- abstract platform-independent modeling of grated circuits (ASICs), conventional micro- partially reconfigurable architectures. By processors have a limited performance using the model, methods for placing and because of their sequential program execu- removing hardware components on the tion. However, ASICs are more powerful but reconfigurable architecture can be devel- less flexible, since they cannot be modified oped and analyzed. after fabrication. The analysis is realized by the simulation Dynamic reconfigurable hardware offers framework SARA (simulation framework for a reasonable compromise between micro- analyzing reconfigurable architectures), processors and ASICs. Current field-pro- which applies the model. By using SARA the

Simulative analysis of reconfigurable grammable gate arrays (FPGAs) support par- behavior of different system approaches for architectures tial reconfiguration, that is, the reconfigura- dynamic reconfigurable hardware can be tion of part of the FPGA while the remain- simulated and tested with respect to met- ing part is unchanged and keeps operating. rics, such as device utilization. The results of Thus, the available resources can be adapted the simulations are used to compare differ- at run-time to meet new external require- ent system approaches and to determine ments. Hardware components can be con- typical features of reconfigurable architec- figured dynamically on the FPGA, and, after tures. Furthermore, the corresponding finishing execution, they can be removed reconfiguration methods can be bench- from the FPGA in order to release resources marked and optimized. that can be utilized by future hardware Based on our latest analyses we have components. developed new effective methods for partial The promising concept of reconfigurable dynamic reconfiguration. These allow an hardware is seldomly used in current efficient placement with low computational designs because there is a lack of simple complexity. and automated design methods that support the concept of partial hardware reconfiguration. A crucial step towards the devel-

Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: SFB 614-C1

Contact: M.Sc. Markus Köster E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 68 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

Dr.-Ing. Mario Porrmann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

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Mediatronics RCOS for Self-optimizing Systems

Objective the internal bus can be Self-optimizing systems automatically released through a adapt to dynamically changing environ- hardware reconfigura- Prototypical realization of the reconfigurable switch on the ments and user requirements. Our aim is to tion of the interfaces. RAPTOR2000 system develop an information processing unit for For this reason, the self-optimizing mechatronic systems that two separate inter- efficiently uses the available hardware faces are substi- resources. Therefore, the system distributes tuted by a single the actually required tasks to appropriate integrated hardware computing nodes of the system. In particu- switch during runtime. The struc- lar, real-time requirements and communica- ture of this switch is more complex, but it is tion requirements vary if the distribution of able to forward data packets autonomously tasks changes in the considered mechatron- and, as a consequence, to manage a far ic systems. In subproject C2 of the Collabo- higher amount of data. However, the rative Research Center 614, we develop a resources used by the hardware switch are Real-Time Communication System (RCOS) no longer available for other applications. that covers the above described demands. Prototypical Realization Concept By means of our rapid prototyping system The basis of our RCOS is formed by new RAPTOR2000, we have realized the RCOS dualport network nodes that allow setting prototypically and tested it in a real net- up line and ring topologies. Each node con- work environment. A Field-programmable sists of at least two network interfaces that Gate Array (FPGA) is used to implement the connect the node to its neighbours and to two switch variants. The dynamic reconfig- an embedded processor. The nodes handle urability of the FPGA facilitates the two different types of data streams, that is, exchange of the two switches during run- data originated from or terminated at the time. processor as well as streams that simply To guarantee the real-time capabilities pass through. If network traffic is rather of our communication system, a loss of small or if real-time requirements are low packets during the interface reconfiguration or even nonexistent, comparatively simple must be avoided. Therefore, we have devel- network interfaces can be implemented, oped a method that switches the send and occupying only a few resources. In this case, receive port of the interfaces separately data packets are forwarded by a software during the interframe gap of the applied implementation. This causes a high load for Ethernet protocol. This requires the coexis- the processor, the internal bus and the tence of the two switch implementations memory. If the communication require- on the FPGA during reconfiguration. Our ments increase, e.g., due to a new task with method ensures that all data that is stored high real-time demands, the processor and in the internal buffers can be transmitted.

Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: SFB 614-C2

Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Björn Griese E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 49 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

Dr.-Ing. Mario Porrmann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

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62 Workgroup

Mechatronics and Mechatronics and Dynamics Dynamics

With Creativity to Innovation Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallaschek Today, new developments often emerge at the borders between disciplines, where different ways of thinking confront and stimulate one another. Mechatronics, one of the key technologies of the 21st century lies within this new field.

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Mechatronics and Dynamics 63

Around 1975, the word Mechatronics was respect to functionality. The respective – Actuators, characterised by the Japanese “Ministry of domain specific descriptions must be – Lighting Technology, International Trade and Industry (MITI)” to brought together. In the synthesis of – Ultrasound Technology, and concisely describe the control of machines mechatronic systems, there is a need to – Automobile and Train Technology with the aid of microprocessors. Mecha- simultaneously consider functional and in close partnership with industries. tronics owes its development particularly to creative points of view. the increasing importance of information “The art of building machines” (mecha- In the past years, the area of “Human processing in the design of new machines. nics) by taking into account the possibilities Centric Mechatronics” was particularly The main driving force was and still is the of microelectronics is one of the key tech- developed. Within the framework of the rapid development of Microelectronics in nologies at the beginning of the 21st cen- L-LAB, a competence centre for Lighting the last decades. tury. Technology and Mechatronics supported Numerically controlled power tools, While the initial goal in the develop- by a PrivatePublicPartnership between robots, electronic motor management, ABS, ment of mechatronic systems generally the Hella KG Hueck & Co. and the Uni- the airbag, CD-Player, walkman, video cam- involved shifting mechanical functions over versity of Paderborn. eras etc. are typical examples of mechatro- to the realm of electronics and software, There we are investigating driver nic systems. The Science of Mechatronics recent years have increasingly seen the behaviour when using driver assistance was developed through the attempt to work focus more on integrating systems systems, including their consequent understand the common elements behind into information processing networks to behavioural adaptation. We are also these many revolutionary new creations. provide additional functions. The automatic working on the conception of automatic Systems can be described by matter, configuration in open systems allows the collision-avoidance systems and other energy and information flows at their co-operative, situation-dependant beha- advanced assistance functions in motor inputs and outputs, as well as through the viour of technical systems and builds an vehicles. The development of active ways in which they are connected to one important foundation for the development lighting systems that was supported by another. The information flow in mecha- of self-optimising systems. a research professorship funded by the tronic systems is of particular importance. The field of mechatronics now faces its Donors' Association for the Promotion In the past, information flows had to be next important development stage: the of Science and Humanities in Germany realised mechanically (lever mechanisms, incorporation of man into the system (Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wis- linkage system, etc.); today, this can easily design. The term “human centric mecha- senschaft) has meanwhile advanced so occur over standardised IT modules. Micro- tronics” clearly expresses the concept that far that we have been able to carry out processors have become machine elements systematically adapts the specifications for systematic acceptance studies in drive like screws, clutches and similar. The coup- mechatronic systems to meet the needs of tests. ling of technical systems on the level of (human) users and masters the develop- information processing is particularly easy ment and optimisation methods. to realise. An advantage – but also a risk – of this immaterial coupling is the enormous We concentrate our basic research on the flexibility that results. Therefore, situation competency fields of: dependant action becomes possible. – Dynamics and Vibrations, Machines are becoming ‘intelligent’. – Contact Mechanics and Friction, As with all other engineering sciences, – Piezoelectric Materials, and the fundamental task lies in analysis and – Development Methodologies for synthesis. The challenge in the analysis is Mechatronic Systems the close coupling of mechanic, electronic and work within application projects from and information processing modules with the areas of: HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:14 Uhr Seite 64

64 Workgroup

New materials for actuators

The Mechatronics and Dynamics research Actuators with shape memory alloys group works on innovative low to medium Shape memory alloys are capable of power drive systems and so addresses reversible phase transformations, i.e. the aspects of modelling, simulation, develop- alloy's crystalline structure changes in ment, and application. Solid-state actuators accordance with the applied temperature. present an alternative to conventional elec- Most actuators use the thermal shape Piezoelectric actuator with lever transmission for tromagnetic actuators. The specific charac- memory effect. The thermal shape memory precision positioning teristics of the respective working principles effect is an intrinsic property of shape make it possible to open up new fields of memory alloys through which cold-shaped and opportunities for application. materials can repeatedly be returned to their original shape by heating. In most Solid-state actuators cases, actuator applications use a shape When a “normal” material is elastically memory alloy wire that is stretched by an deformed, it returns to its original shape as external force in its cold state. When cur- soon as the mechanical load is released. In rent is fed through it, the wire heats up and Piezoelectric resonance actuator for a the case of plastic deformation, the materi- the material returns to its original shorter linear motor al retains its deformed state and the origi- shape. Such changes in length can be used nal shape is lost. The active elements in as a driving force. Besides these unidirec- solid-state actuators are “smart” materials tional shape memory alloy actuators which whose material parameters or dimensions require an external force for the reverse can be specifically and reversibly changed movement, there are also elements with a by external field effects. These parameters so-called two way effect. Without the use can be manipulated by temperature or elec- of external forces, various deformation tric respectively magnetic fields. Examples states are achieved in these by means of Actuator with shape memory alloys (NanoMuscle, Inc.) of solid-state actuators are magnetostric- cyclical heating and cooling. However, these tive and piezoelectric actuators plus shape materials only offer much smaller maximum memory alloys and polymers. stroke distances and forces and so are only of little technical use. Compared with other Piezoelectric actuators actuators, shape memory alloy actuators Piezoelectric materials expand under the have a very high energy density and are influence of an electric field. This effect is electromagnetically compatible. called inverse piezoelectric effect. We have been working on developing quasistatic and resonant-driven piezoelectric actuators for several years. Piezoelectric actuators stand out especially through their very high power density, high dynamics, and precise positioning accuracy. Conveniently arranged levers make it possible to achieve remarkable distances of travel, despite the small Solid-state actuators and electromagnetic actua- actuator strokes. Micro pushers can produce tors in comparison continuous movement of the rotor. Working in cooperation with industrial partners, the research group developed various linear motors and actuators for semiconductor manufacturing machines to the fully-functional technology demonstrator stage and supported the subsequent product development process. Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Florian Schiedeck E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 69 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78

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Mechatronics and Dynamics 65

Piezo technology

Vibration drives Linear vibration drives engineering (drive mechanisms for Vibration drives are small electrical motors Piezoelectric linear drives are capable of electric windows, sunroofs, seat that differ substantially from electromag- achieving forces of up to 40 N and propul- adjusters, …) and in the field of office netic motors in modus operandi and per- sive speeds of up to 300 mm/s. The impres- technology (paper feeds for shredders, formance characteristics. These drives work sively simple functional principle provides printers, faxes, …). on the following principle: piezoceramics these drives with a number of favourable Our research work concentrates on initially transform electrical energy into properties which make them useful alterna- optimising the whole system to improve mechanical vibration and this energy then tives to classical electrical drives in numer- the motor properties. We do this by drives the moving part. Both rotary as well ous applications. Of interest are above all developing models which describe the as linear drives are already commercially their simple mechanical construction and electromagnetic coupling in the piezo- available, while multi-coordinate drives are the fact that they can already generate ceramics and the non-linear contacts being developed. high torques and effective output at low between stator and rotor. Experimental revolutions. Further advantages are their studies are used to systematically con- Rotary vibration drives electromechanical compatibility, their high firm the validity and applicability of our In a rotary travelling wave motor, a disk- holding torque without additional external abstracted models. like stator (1) is made to vibrate by two energy input, their high dynamic perfor- ring-like arranged piezoceramic actuating mance and their high precision in the nm systems (2) until, at a resonance frequency range for precision positioning. In addition, in the ultrasonic range, a travelling wave linear vibration drives are capable of directly (revolving mechanical flexural wave) devel- producing translatory movement without ops. The material surface points of the the need for gearing which provides stator move along elliptical paths with additional advantages over conven- vibration amplitudes of up to several tional rotary motor transmission micrometres. A pressed-on, ring-shaped solutions, such as high efficiency, rotor disc (3) is set in rotation by the fric- less package space and no backlash. tion of the travelling wave's subsequent Vibration drives are currently complex rolling motion in the polymer used as positioning devices in auto- contact layer (4). Typical performance speci- focus camera lenses and for adjust- fications for present-day rotary travelling ing car steering wheel positions, see wave motors are torque of up to 2 Nm at Fig. 2. Future fields of application revolutions of around 100 rpm. include positioning units for CD and DVD drive writing/reading heads, video recorders, scanners, and similar products, and cheque card feeds for cash dispensers (ATMs). Additional conceivable applications for linear and rotary positioning tasks can be found in the field of automotive Fields of application for vibration drives

Supported by Development of Coordinated Vibration Drives HNI Graduate College

Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Maik Mracek E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 68 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78

Dr.-Ing. Tobias Hemsel E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 69 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78 Exploded view of a rotary travelling wave motor (Graphic: Daimler-Benz Forschung) http://wwwhni.upb.de/mud HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:14 Uhr Seite 66

66 Workgroup

Microsensors

New microsensors for bonding derive conclusions on the mechanical technology processes taking place in the welding zone. The lifetime and reliability of electronic The second method is based on the integra- systems are highly dependent on the quali- tion of an additional piezoelement into the ty of the electrical interconnections. Ultra- system whose piezoelectric material proper- sonic wire bonding is one of the most ties are used for sensing purpose. important methods used for electrically connecting semiconductor devices Modelling and optimisation (microchips) with the circuit substrate. An analytical continuum model and an FEM A friction welding process is used to model were built to examine the sensor connect the contact wire to the chip and transfer behaviour at various system con- substrate surface. In many applications, figurations. Due to their complexity, these Ultrasonic bonding system and especially in security sensitive ones, models are largely suitable for studies in the frequency domain. So that time simulations could also be carried out effectively, especially of the non-linear bonding process, a discrete analogous model with few degrees of freedom was also created. At this it was possible for the project to draw on a method developed by the Mechatronics and Dynamics research group for the automatic generation of the substitute parameters of the analogous model from an existing FEM model. By massively reducing the degrees of freedom only keeping the key eigenmodes Bonding on contaminated substrate Signal patterns for contaminated and clean bonding of the system, effective time simulations are possible without any significant loss of model precision. extremely high standards apply for the With these models it was possible, for quality of each and every connection. example, to calculate and study the transfer Because even just one defective connection behaviour and sensitivity of the sensor and can lead to failure of the whole system. In finally to create an optimised prototype. the past, quality control essentially meant observing the wire deformation, although Experimental studies this did not guarantee that all types of First experimental studies on sensor sensi- faults could be definitely and clearly identi- tivity to external disturbance at steady- fied. state operation already delivered good The ever greater number of electrodes results. Practical bonding experiments final- Comparing simulations with an FEM model, per microchip means that demand is ly confirmed the method's efficiency. a discrete analogous model and measurement of increasing for an integrated bond quality Specifically defined bonding faults that we the input admittance I/V monitoring system which already reliably introduced, such as bonding on contami- identifies and documents the quality of nated substrate or close to the edge of a each connection during the bonding circuit, were well identified by the self- Supported by INERELA process. Our project aims to develop such sensing method and excellently identified FEM-Modelling of Piezoelectric Composite a system. by the use of the integrated piezosensor. Oscillators The project described here is part of the HNI Graduate College Sensors BMBF Collaborative Research Project In the course of the project, two methods INERELA (www.inerela.de). were identified as particularly suitable Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Michael Brökelmann approaches. One very elegant method E-mail: [email protected] involves so-called “self-sensing” which Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 61 85 assesses the electrical terminal behaviour Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78 of the bonding system's piezoelectric actua- http://wwwhni.upb.de/mud/ tors. This observes voltage and current to HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:14 Uhr Seite 67

Mechatronics and Dynamics 67

Mechatronics in motor vehicles

Active lighting systems to raise good visibility and so improves traffic traffic safety safety and driving comfort. The number of night-time traffic acci- A key element in the generation of dents is very high. In most cases, the suitable light distributions is provided by late recog-nition of objects in the traf- digital micromirrors which recently fic zone plays a key role. It is especially became available. In combination with at night and during the twilight of predictive sensors, also only available dusk or dawn that poor visibility leads since very recently, it will then be possible The glare-free traffic-zone lighting system to a lack of driver information. Active to design systems such as non-glare full- which Jacek Roslak and Rainer Kauschke devel- lighting systems are able to raise traffic beam headlights. oped is based on an active DMD headlight (Digital Micromirror Device) in combination safety. The work on two doctoral disserta- with a predictive sensor. One of the approaches involves so- tions and several study assignments and called reduced glare full-beam lighting Diplom theses involved a number of con- systems. The basic idea is to control cept studies being carried out, with the the light emitted by the vehicle's full most promising solutions being examined beam in such a way that only those in detail. In the course of this work, one areas of the traffic zone are lit in system was created that uses digital which no glare is caused. Where glare micromirrors and that was subsequently may be caused, e.g. in the eye-points built into the L-LAB test vehicle as a fully- of drivers in on-coming traffic, the functional prototype. Test drives proved optical system serves to shield the that the active lighting of the traffic zone light. This allows many more night- achieved by this system indeed managed time journeys to be made with full- to overcome the contradiction between Lighting intensity in the eye-point of an on-com- beam lighting, which guarantees very good visibility and low glare. ing driver when using dimmed, full-beam and active headlights

Development of an adaptive despite fluctuating coefficients of friction. drum brake The drum brake's self-amplifying effect is Wheel brakes generate moments and so dependent on the coefficient of friction convert kinetic energy into heat. The between brake lining and brake drum and ratio between brake force and applied also determined by geometrical values. force is defined as brake shoe factor C*. Since the coefficient of friction can- Duo-servo drum brakes have the highest not be directly influenced, it seemed C* value. Consequently, at the same appropriate to adapt the brake's geome- applied force they generate a greater try. By means of an additional actuator to Braking test bed braking moment than disk brakes. change the position of an adjusting lever This fundamental advantage is coun- the brake shoe factor can be maintained tered by a number of disadvantages at a constant value independent on the Supported by Optical Concepts for Active Lighting which have resulted in the predominant variation of the coefficient of friction. A Technology Systems use of disk brakes in motor vehicles key challenge consists in designing the L-LAB today. For example, one drawback of brake in such a way that the actuator NRW Graduate School Study of Self-Energising Mechanical Breaks drum brakes is their high sensitivity to needs to perform as little work as possible changes in the coefficient of friction when adapting the brake geometry. which can occur, for example, as a result A first prototype of an adaptive drum Contact: of temperature increases under braking. brake was built in cooperation with the Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Wedman The sliding speed between brake lining Chair of Design and Drive Engineering E-mail: [email protected] and drum also has an influence on the (Prof. Dr.-Ing. D. Zimmer) and experimen- Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 61 86 coefficient of friction. A constant applied tally studied on the test bed that his Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78 force does not therefore automatically department operates. The experimental M. Sc. Khaled Mahmoud lead to a constant braking force. findings show that a high and constant E-mail: [email protected] This project studies whether and how shoe factor can be achieved with duo- Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 81 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78 a constant brake shoe factor can be servo drum brake that had been devel- achieved with duo servo drum brakes oped. http://wwwhni.upb.de/mud HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:15 Uhr Seite 68

68 Workgroup

Driver assistance systems Automatic collision avoidance

Driver assistance systems for tive, future vehicles could also act indepen- vehicle guidance? dently to prevent accidents in the event of The development of sensors for motor vehi- driver failure or overload. The communica- cles is breathtaking. As an indirect conse- tion between driver and vehicle could also quence of quality improvements in safety be reduced to the essential, analogously to and driver assistance systems, the sensors that between horse and rider, whereby the already installed in motor vehicles today driver would be relieved of much of the also make it possible to explore new fields workload. of application. Many environment recognition systems such as Adaptive Cruise Con- How can “intelligent” vehicles trol (ACC) or Lane Departure Warning (LDW) automatically prevent accidents? have already moved from concept into In order to turn the above-outlined future modern motor vehicles. Another innovation scenarios into reality, vehicles have to be leap will come from merging sensor systems provided with an underlying intelligence equipped with radar, lidar, laser scanners which enables them to independently navi- and cameras. Systems like the automatic gate through traffic zones without collision. emergency brake which automatically slow As part of a doctoral project at the Interna- the vehicle down as soon as an accident tional Graduate School of Dynamic Intelli- seems unavoidable already show that the gent Systems, methods are being developed next generation driver assistance systems at the L-LAB on collision-free trajectory are in the development respectively pre- planning. A highly-promising approach development stages. involves so-called elastic bands which are – virtually – placed ahead of a vehicle, much like an insect's antennae, to sense out safe paths though the traffic zone. An elastic band is made up of massless nodes coupled by means of spring potentials. Obstacles identified by the environmental sensors are provided with repelling potentials capable of influencing the elastic band. The nodes Elastic band of the elastic band in the equilibrium state form the base points for a collision-free alternative path. In a final step, these can be smoothed by means of suitable interpolation. What comes after the automatic emergency brake? The next step involves drawing up systems which besides intervening in a vehicle's lon- gitudinal guidance also intervene in its lateral dynamics. Various approaches seem Supported by possible here. An interesting vision is L-LAB described by the so-called H metaphor. This compares the interaction between drivers and future partly-autonomous vehicles with Contact: the interaction between horse and rider. Dipl.-Ing. Thorsten Brandt E-mail: [email protected] Just as a horse does not collide with trees Phone: +49 (0) 5251|704 343 63 or passers-by, even if the rider is inatten- Fax: +49 (0) 5251|704 349 61 Roadmap of active safety systems Jun.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattel E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 79 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78

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Mechatronics and Dynamics 69

Human Machine Interaction User-centered design in motor vehicles

Recent technical innovations have made long-term study on the use of an infrared it possible to develop driver assistance and night vision system. Part of this work also driver information systems in motor vehi- involved optimising the ergonomic system cles whose realisation still seemed incon- parameters. This showed that such a system ceivable just a few years ago. Besides the is extensively used by drivers and is suitable need to solve classical ergonomic problems, for increasing traffic safety in critical situa- it is also becoming increasingly necessary tions. Infrared night vision systems are an to assess such systems. Driver assistance example of how innovative technical sys- systems, which are generally designed to tems are able to find acceptance when relieve the driver, do not inevitably result system conception and design adequately in greater comfort and safety. For example, take the human factor into consideration. very extensive driver relief may, in certain situations, lead to driver underload, a state Test drive with an infrared night vision system that drivers find unpleasant. Moreover, a feeling of greater safety can lead to more risky driving styles. This is called risk com- pensation. Thus, the ergonomic frameworks additionally have to be optimised if a truly practicable system should be developed. For example, an information system equipped with a visual display will only be accepted if the size and position of the monitor have been properly chosen. The Human Machine Interaction team at the L-LAB addresses questions like these. Standard algorithms are not yet available for carrying out such appraisals. Rather, these methods still need to be developed. One of the workgroup's key responsibilities involves the development and validation of such methods. Empirical studies are performed in real test vehicles and in a driving simulator. Besides behavioural observations and interviews with test drivers, complex data acquisition methods are used, such as eye-tracking systems and devices which Recording eye movements during use of an infrared night vision display installed in the night driving simulator measure psychophysiological parameters like skin resistance, heart rate, etc. Single data acquisition procedures with test subjects frequently fail to provide enough information for the appraisal of driver assistance and driver information systems. Rather, the drivers' learning processes need to be taken into account. In many cases, it is only possible to reliably assess the use of systems like these after a sufficiently long familiarisation period. And Supported by this was indeed the approach taken in a L-LAB

Dashboard for the night driving simulator with eye- tracking system and prototype infrared night vision display Contact: Dr. Jürgen Locher E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|704 343 68 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|704 349 61 HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:15 Uhr Seite 70

70 Workgroup

Parallel Computing Parallel Computing

3D-Visualisation of the HNI building (Olaf Schmidt)

Reaching New Magnitudes Through the Efficient Use of Parallel and Distributed Systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien Parallel and distributed computing is the key technology for the solution of large, computationally intensive problems in science and technology. The challenge is now to further improve the capabilities of this technology, to develop the full potential of applications and to open up new dimensions of realization.

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Parallel Computing 71

The provision of powerful computing per- was significantly involved in its developing The parallel computer on which Hydra is imple- formance is a key requisite for the imple- process. Applications using parallel and dis- mented and two members of the developing team. mentation of complex systems and appli- tributed computing are also found in the cations in science and technology. Today, field of networked multimedia systems, high-performance computers generally take where memory and computing perfor- the shape of parallel computers. In such mance are made available “on demand”. systems, a complex task is not processed by one single computer, but by several Against this background we are primarily computers simultaneously. These share the concerned with the following research workload in a similar way to an assembly areas: line or a large company with different busi- • The theoretical fundamentals of parallel ness areas. The parallel computing perfor- computing, mance can be produced both by a single • the architecture and operation of parallel computer, comprised of several processors, and distributed computing systems, and by several computers, that are distrib- • the use of parallel computing to solve uted at different sites and communicating complex problems in science and tech- with each other. nology. The analysis and design of efficient parallel and distributed computer architec- The working group participates in numer- tures, the development of powerful meth- ous national and international funded pro- At the international chess-festival ods of implementing applications on those jects, in which the results of research are in Abu Dhabi Hydra run systems, and implementing prototypes of applied for solving practical problems of against the multiple computer those applications are essentially the areas the industrial partners. Conversely, the close chess world champion Shredder. covered by the “Parallel Computing” cooperation with the industrial partners research area. over and over again leads to new impulses One major field of applications is that and questions stimulating our own research of computer simulation by parallel com- activities. puters. Expensive and time-consuming With our teaching programs we aim to test series, or dangerous experiments, can provide the students with sound know how, increasingly be replaced by computer simu- that is close to research, in the field of Par- lations. The visualisation of 3-dimensional allel Computing, with comprised skills for Hydra also won superior to any other participants the internation- objects in real-time is of enormous rele- practical use and with experiences in real al human-against-computer vance both to computer simulation and to projects. team-chess-tournament in Bilbao. a wide range of other applications. The necessary computing power can only be provided by means of scalable parallel computers. Such great computing power is also needed for solving decision-making problems in a wide variety of planning issues such as how valuable resources can be saved or systems used more efficiently in traffic regulation. The methods, we develop, are especially tested in the field of parallel chess programming, which has a long tradition within our working group. Currently, the parallel chess program Hydra is deemed to be the strongest chess program of the world. Hydra is financed by the PAL Group of Companies from Abu Dhabi, is based on programmable FBGA-cards, and our group

Hydra won the chess tournament against Shredder clearly with 5,5 to 2,5. HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:15 Uhr Seite 72

72 Workgroup

Load Balancing in Parallel and Distributed Systems

Load balancing is one of the key problems a network can send and receive messages that must be addressed to efficiently use to/from all of its neighbours simultaneously, parallel and distributed computer systems. whereas dimension exchange does only use A parallel application can be visually pair wise communication with one neigh- described as a component-wise manufac- bour after the other. We have determined turing process in industrial production. An the exact convergence rate, the flow quality application ( = fabrication of an industrial as well as the behaviour of known diffusion product) is divided in several subtasks algorithms. However, the analysis of the Modelling the network as a graph. The load amounts before executing the balancing are ( = sub-products) and these subtasks are dimension exchange method is much more displayed in the nodes. The numbers on the executed on different processors ( = work- complicated and its convergence rate has edges represent the required minimal flow. ers) of the parallel or distributed system. only been determined for some simple Subtasks can either be run independently topologies so far. from each other or, if required by the Other load balancing approaches that underlying application, interdependencies we consider are based on randomized between them have to be obeyed. In the strategies and exchange load between latter case, the processors must use com- randomly chosen processors. Strategies munication in order to exchange intermedi- of interests are Bidding and Workstealing. ate results. Summarized, the load balancing A somehow different approach is described problem aims at the following goals: by so called 'balls into bins' games. In these • The application's total execution time games, newly arriving jobs (balls) are evenly should be minimized. assigned to the processors (bins). Hereby the Randomized load balancing. Newly arriving jobs • All processors of the system should oper- load of a constant number of randomly are assigned to processors. First, a constant num- ate during the whole computation and chosen bins is checked before the newly ber of randomly chosen bins are checked before the arriving ball is assigned to a processor. idle times should be avoided. arriving ball is assigned to the processor • The total load in the system should be with the smallest load. distributed equally and 'fair' among the The load balancing algorithms we have processors of the system. developed in our research group are inte- • The communication overhead between grated into real applications. Among them the processors should be minimized. is a distributed computer chess program, a finite element method simulation tool and For several years, our research group has image generation software. The resulting studied efficient load balancing algorithms. feedback leads to further improvements of While we have analyzed the problem theo- our methods. retically, we have also implemented the In the future, load balancing algorithms resulting algorithms and tested them in real for large, distributed and dynamic networks world applications. We distinguish between should be developed. Here, non-cooperative Load balancing in large, distributed, non-cooperative networks. Several requests are sent to a clus- synchronous and asynchronous load bal- networks (such that the Internet) play a ter of machines. An efficient load balancing algo- ancing methods. In the synchronous case, very important role. In order to develop rithm that assigns the requests to the machines all processes involved in the computation efficient load balancing strategies for such and thereby minimizes the total execution time is desired. stop from time to time in order to balance topologies, the use of sophisticated linear the newly generated load among them. In algebraic and game theoretic methods is contrast, the load distribution is performed required. as a constant background process which is performed simultaneously with the computations in the asynchronous case. To obtain good mappings of the tasks to Supported by SFB 376-A3; FLAGS the processors, several efficient methods have been developed. In our research group we have focused on analyzing local iterative Contact: load balancing algorithms. Thereby, we dis- Dr. rer. nat. Robert Elsässer tinguish between diffusion and dimension E-mail: [email protected] exchange schemes. These two classes differ Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 66 90 in the topology's communication abilities. http://www.upb.de/cs/elsa/ Diffusion algorithms assume that a node of HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:15 Uhr Seite 73

Parallel Computing 73

Algorithmic Game Theory

The behaviour of large, time-variant sys- The worst possible decrease in global tems is often determined by the actions of system performance caused by the selfish- autonomous agents. Typical examples are ness of the users is measured in terms of road traffic systems or the internet: Selfish coordination ratio, i.e. the maximum (over agents, also called users, influence the all possible inputs) fraction of the optimum behaviour of the system, and thus the costs global cost and the global cost of a worst incurred to other agents, by their private Nash Equilibrium. behaviour. Each autonomous agent tries to Algorithmic game theory combines the minimize its own private cost, while a cen- mathematics of game theory and the algo- Car drivers move through a network of streets as tral regulation would try to compute global rithmic methods to analyze systems with autonomous agents. Each driver tries to optimize his optimum system behaviour. selfish users. In the research group of Prof. personal benefit (to arrive his destination as quick as Dynamic systems like these are not cen- Monien the following questions are in the possible). trally controllable. This is due to the size of centre of interest: the systems and to the selfishness of the • The computation of Nash Equilibria users. In systems with selfish agents Nash • The analysis of the coordination ratio Equilibria represent stable states. A system • The mechanism design problem: Create a state is a Nash Equilibrium, if no agent can system of rules, e.g. by defining a pay- improve its private costs by changing its ment function, for a dynamic system action, as long as all the other agents stay with selfish users, such that the selfish with their actions. behaviour of the users drives the system There are two kinds of Nash Equilibria. into a global optimum. In pure Nash Equilibria agents choose an 100 cars want from s to t. The use of streets action, in mixed Nash Equilibria agents Many results have been obtained which results in costs. 2 streets have fixed costs of 100 choose a probability distribution over all yield to a fundamental understanding of while the other 2 streets cause variable costs x their actions. The theorem of Nash states dynamic systems with selfish users. which are dependent on the number of users. The Nash-Equilibrium is shown in red which also cor- that all games have a mixed Nash Equilibri- The challenges of the future are to responds here to the global optimal solution. um. It is an open problem whether there is apply the fundamental results to existing an efficient algorithm to compute mixed systems, like e.g. the shuttle systems of Nash Equilibria. the “Neue Bahntechnik Paderborn”, where A problem studied already in the 50's routing and scheduling problems for of the last century is the following routing autonomous shuttles must be solved. problem. Car drivers move through a network of streets. Each car driver wants to drive from some starting point to some destination and may choose an arbitrary route between the two nodes. The private cost of a car driver is given as the time necessary to drive along the chosen route. An additional street is built, which is open to This private cost depends on the routes traffic in both directions and causes 0 costs, so the Nash-Equilibrium changes (red figures). How- chosen by other drivers, since the time to ever, the quality of the solution deteriorates. This drive along a street increases with the phenomenon is described as Braess-Paradoxon. number of cars using this street. It is well known that there exist networks, where the selfishness of the drivers yields a bad global behaviour. The famous Braess Paradox shows, that this bad behaviour may be Supported by incurred by building new streets. Another SFB 376; FLAGS; Delis recently studied system is a system for selfish scheduling of jobs onto parallel A road traffic network as an example for a large, machines. The jobs are the selfish users Contact: time-variant system where the behaviour of this and choose a machine they want to be system is determined by the actions of autonomous Dr. rer. nat. Rainer Feldmann computed on. agents (car drivers). E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 67 20

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Applied Physics/ Applied Physics/ Integrated Optics Integrated Optics

Integrated Optics in Lithium Niobate Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler The Applied Physics group (Prof. Dr. W. Sohler) is engaged in the field of integrated optics. Lithium niobate is used as substrate material due to its excellent electro-, acousto- and nonlinear optical properties. A variety of optically and/or electrically controllable, miniaturized waveguide devices and optical circuits are developed for applications in optical communication and optical metrology.

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Applied Physics /Integrated Optics 75

The idea of integrated optics is to develop Nonlinear optical devices polarization-dependent group delay in

miniaturized waveguide devices and com- Periodically poled Ti:LiNbO3 (Ti:PPLN) wave- birefringent Ti:LiNbO3-waveguides plex optical circuits on a common substrate guides are the basis of efficient optical fre- allow the development of so-called using planar technologies well known from quency converters in the near (NIR) and polarization mode dispersion compen- integrated electronics. This goal is also pur- mid (MIR) infrared spectral range. In the sators (PMDCs). PMD causes the walk sued by the Applied Physics / Integrated NIR, nonlinear optical difference frequency off of the polarization components, of Optics group using lithium niobate with its converters for wavelength shifting in future which an optical pulse (bit) is composed. excellent electro-, acousto- and nonlinear reconfigurable, optical distribution networks Using a PMDC the PMD-history can be optical properties as substrate material. are developed (current cooperation with a reversed at the receiver side and in this Moreover, doping of lithium niobate with telecommunications industrial partner). way an increased bit/error-ratio can be laser-active ions (especially rare earths) Nonlinear optical interactions can, more- avoided. This technique is currently enables the development of integrated over, be utilized to induce light controlled investigated in collaboration with Prof. optical amplifiers and lasers. temporal (de-) multiplexing and spatial Noé within one project of the DFG- Current research topics are: switching of several optical information research unit: Integrated optics in lithi- channels. Fig. 3 shows the end face of a um niobate: new devices, circuits and Technology waveguide array structure which has been applications. Low-loss integrated optical waveguides investigated within the EU-funded project fabricated by indiffusion of evaporated and ROSA to demonstrate such opto-optical photolithographically defined Ti-stripes of switching. Moreover, devices for optical a few µm width provide the basis for the parametric amplification (OPA) und oscilla- development of all devices and circuits. tion are under development. OPA, which Further fabrication methods of microelec- can be achieved at almost any wavelength tronics (e. g. evaporation, sputtering, …) are in the transparency range of lithium nio- used as well. bate, is regarded as an important method E. g. Fig. 1 shows the reflectivity of for future photonic networks. dielectric mirrors for the mid-infrared range, which have been directly deposited Erbium-doped lasers onto the end faces of a Ti:PPLN-waveguide The combination of erbium diffusion doping to form the cavity of an integrated optical with the intrinsic acoustooptical, electro- parametric oscillator (IOPO) (see also pro- optical and photorefractive properties of Fig. 1: Reflectivity of a dielectric mirror for MIR-IOPOs, optimized for the wavelength range jectpage 2). Moreover, the group developed LiNbO3 enables the development of inte- around 3 µm. lithium niobate-specific technologies (e. g. grated optical lasers with attractive proper- periodic poling of ferroelectric microdo- ties, such as actively Q-switched and mode- mains, selective chemical etching of micro- locked lasers, DBR- and ring lasers (see pro- structures for photonic devices (see Fig. 2), ject example). Acoustooptically tunable holographic writing of photorefractive grat- lasers are of interest for optical networks ings, stoichiometry control using vapour with dense wavelength division multiplex- transport equilibration, etc.). These activities ing. Moreover, the acoustooptically induced are accompanied by advanced characteriza- frequency shift can be utilized for an tion techniques (e. g. optical, electrooptical unusual but for metrology interesting laser

and scanning atomic force microscopy, principle, the so-called frequency shifted Fig. 2: Image of a ridge structure resolved by spectroscopy, …). feedback laser. Lasers with written photore- atomic force scanning microscopy (contact fractive (DBR-) gratings have, due to their mode); the structure was fabricated by selective wavelength selective feedback, a very nar- etching of inverted ferroelectric micro domains, in Z-cut lithium niobate. row emission linewidth, which is important e. g. for interferometric measurement methods.

Integrated electrooptics The intrinsic electrooptical properties of

LiNbO3 enable the development of a wide range of devices for applications in optical communications and optical metrology. Fig. 3: Image of the end face of a waveguide Electrooptical polarization conversion and array consisting of 101 coupled optical channels. HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:15 Uhr Seite 76

76 Workgroup

Integrated Optical Ring Resonator and Ring Laser

Introduction/Background very easily with the naked eye (see Fig. 2). Passive ring resonators and active ring The erbium doped ring laser emits in the lasers can both be used to measure rota- so-called eye-safe infrared range at 1602 tional speeds utilizing the relativistic nm wavelength. Access to this radiation for Sagnac effect. Such sensors have already both counter-propagating directions of the been realized based on bulk-optical compo- laser field is possible via the two ports of nents. In particular, He-Ne-ring lasers have the lower directional coupler. Part of the reached a high degree of maturity and are clockwise travelling laser radiation is cou- Fig. 1: Structure of a passive ring resonator with already widely used in aerospace naviga- pled to port 1, part of the counter-clock- Ti:LiNbO3 waveguide structure resp. a ring laser tion. The European Space Agency (ESA) is wise travelling light to port 2. In Fig. 3 the with Ti:Er:LiNbO3 waveguide structure. The ring diameter is 60 mm. The straight waveguides close strongly interested in miniaturized highly power characteristics of the ring laser (out- to the ring act as directional input-(pump) and stable laser gyroscopes. An integrated opti- put power at port 1 versus pump power) for output (laser emission) couplers. cal solution is expected to meet these the clockwise travelling wave is shown. requirements and is therefore of particular Almost identical characteristics have been interest. measured for the counter-clockwise travelling wave at port 2. The output spectrum Ring resonators has a width of approximately 0.7 nm and a

Extremely low-loss Ti:LiNbO3 channel wave- complicated fine structure which has not guides are the key element to fabricate ring yet been fully understood. To some extent resonators of high quality (high finesse). this structure is attributed to the coupling Due to the Sagnac effect the frequency of residual linear cavities (straight wave- splitting of the two counter propagating guides with residual end face reflectivity) to waves in the ring is proportional to the area the ring cavity. We are currently eliminating surrounded by the ring and the rotational this problem by special antireflection coat- speed. Therefore, for this application ring ings and angled end face polishing of the Fig. 2: Photograph of the optically pumped ring resonators with a large radius of curvature straight coupler sections. laser. The green fluorescence is from the erbium- have to be developed. The structure of our doped region of the ring (the “directional couplers” are in the undoped region). integrated optical ring resonators is shown Application as Rotation Sensor in Fig. 1. The ring has a radius of 30 mm. Rotation of a ring resonator develops a dif- Two straight waveguides tangential to the ference between the optical path lengths ring are acting as directional couplers for for the two counter-propagating waves in input- and output coupling of light. In the the resonator. As a consequence the degen- resonator, the light travels clockwise or eracy between clock- and counter-clockwise counter-clockwise depending on the input resonances is removed and a splitting pro- port. Although the directional couplers are portional to the rotation speed happens. not yet designed for optimized coupling, a In the passive ring cavity this splitting resonator quality factor (Q-factor: ratio of can be sensed by resonance tracking. Alter- resonance frequency to resonance width) of natively, if the frequency of launched light 2x106 has already been achieved experi- is adjusted to one edge of a cavity reso- mentally. nance then a change in rotation results in an increase of the transmission (shift Fig. 3: Laser power output ( = 1602 nm) λL Ring lasers as function of the input optical pump power towards the resonance peak) for one direc-

(λP = 1480 nm) measured at output port 1. In order to develop ring lasers, ring res- tion and a decrease of the transmission for onators as outlined above have been fabri- the other direction. In this way even a cated on erbium-diffusion-doped substrates detection of the rotation sense is possible. for the first time. The upper straight wave- The active ring laser reacts with a split- guide permits input coupling of the pump ting of its emission frequencies which can radiation into the ring. Due to an up-con- easily be detected by the beat signal if the version process the erbium-doped wave- two resonant waves are superimposed on a Contact: Selim Reza guide emits a green luminescence during photo detector. E-mail: [email protected] optical pumping although the pump radia- Both experiments are planned for the Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 22 48 tion of 1480 nm wavelength is invisible. The near future. With appropriate signal pro- Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 34 22 higher the pump power, the stronger is the cessing a resolution limit for the rotational http//:wwwhni.upb.de/ap/ green luminescence, which can be observed speed in the range of 10°/h is expected. HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:15 Uhr Seite 77

Applied Physics /Integrated Optics 77

Integrated Parametric Fluorescence Generators and Oscillators for the Mid Infrared

Introduction/Background Fluorescence Generators In the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral range If Ti:PPLN waveguides, which are up to 90 (2µm < λ < 4µm) a lot of molecules have mm long and about 20 µm wide (see Fig. 1), characteristic absorption bands. Therefore, are “pumped” with sufficiently high optical spectroscopic investigations are increasingly power, two waves (so-called signal and idler carried out in this spectral range. Examples waves) are simultaneously generated. By are the spectroscopic trace gas analysis increasing the pump power the fluores- for monitoring green house gases in the cence will be strongly amplified (stimulat- atmosphere or process control in the indus- ed). try. Via tuning the pump wavelength it is Fig. 1: Photograph of an IOPO But the availability of light sources in possible to generate optical parametric flu- the MIR is very limited: most lasers are very orescence in the range 2.7 µm < λ < 3.5 bulky, have low output power levels and a µm. Using pulsed excitation (7 psec pulse narrow tuning range or have to be cooled width) a pulse peak power up to a few mW with liquid helium or nitrogen. Therefore is generated. our goal is to develop a compact, tunable, efficient, coherent light source in the MIR Parametric Oscillators which takes advantage of the nonlinear If the fluorescence generator is inserted optical parametric frequency conversion in into an optical cavity, feedback leads above waveguide structures. a certain threshold pump power level to parametric oscillation. Pump wavelength Project and periodicity of the PPLN-domain struc- Within the framework of the research unit ture determine the emission wavelength

“Integrated optics in LiNbO3: new devices, (Fig. 2). Such integrated optical parametric Fig. 2: Measured (dots) and calculated tuning circuits and applications”, supported by the oscillators were developed as singly reso- characteristics for two IOPOs with a different periodicity of the PPLN domain structure. “Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft” (DFG), nant oscillator (SRO) and as doubly reso- integrated optical parametric fluorescence nant oscillator (DRO). For these devices generators (IOPGs) and -oscillators (IOPOs) either external dielectric mirrors are applied are developed. These devices take advantage or the mirrors are directly evaporated onto of the nonlinear optical properties of peri- the waveguide end faces (see also Fig. 2 of odically poled Ti-indiffused lithium niobate portrait page 2). While a DRO is resonant waveguides (Ti:PPLN). for signal and idler, in a SRO only one of For an effective nonlinear optical inter- the two waves will be amplified. The doubly action high intensities are required. Due to resonant device (DRO) has a significantly the guiding of the waves in a strip wave- lower threshold of only 14 mW (Fig. 3) guide it is possible to maintain such high which should allow pumping of the IOPO intensities along the whole interaction with a semiconductor laser without an length without beam spreading due to dif- additional fiber amplifier. fraction. In the future synchronously pumped This allows to achieve significantly high- oscillators for the generation of very short Fig. 3: Measured (dots) and calculated output er efficiencies compared to devices of con- MIR-pulses in the psec range will be devel- power of a doubly resonant IOPO. ventional optics. oped. These will open new application A tunable narrowband semiconductor ranges, e.g. the study of dynamic processes laser is used as pump source, amplified by in molecular reactions. an erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). This allows to achieve up to 2W cw-power in Supported by Integrated Optics in Lithium Niobate the range 1530nm < λ < 1570nm.

Contact: Sergey Orlov E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 22 96 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 34 22

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78 Workgroup

Philosophy of Science Philosophy of Science and Technologyand Technology

The seven liberal arts from the Hortus deliciarum by the abbess Herrad von Landsberg (1170)

Reflection on Science and Technology Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus Philosophical reflection on science and technology enlightens the foundations and conditions of scientific and technical action, it provides orientation on the methods and aims of these activities and supports its responsible use.

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Philosophy of Science and Technology 79

In the wide field of reflection on science The Database for the History of Logic and technology, the team is above all is an important tool for this research. This devoted to the logical and cognitive condi- bio-bibliographical archive with collection tions of knowledge and scientific action. of portraits is being built up in Paderborn The recent history of logic is one focus of and open for all researchers interested in research. It is aimed at a reconstruction of the history of logic. the development and differentiation of this Another main focus lies in the field of basic discipline of philosophy, leading to philosophy of Cognitive Science. Here, the Mathematical Logic and Proof Theory as question of how we gain knowledge of mathematical subdisciplines and to Theo- other people’s minds is addressed from a retical Computer Science. This is seen in the philosophical perspective as well as from context of a dialogue between philosophy the perspective of cognitive neuroscience. and mathematics. The discussion on logic Research is aimed at a neurophenomeno- among the mathematicians of the 19th and logical theory of the basis of social cogni- early 20th century can be regarded as an tion and human self-consciousness. The expression of attempts to overcome foun- main hypothesis is that the development dational problems having emerged in of individual human self-consciousness is mathematical practise. The mathematicians dependent on the dynamic interactions could not expect much support in these with other humans, mediated by empathy. attempts by academic philosophers of that In teaching, the specific philosophical time. Founding mathematics with the help way of asking questions and discussing of a revised logic served therefore not really solutions is conveyed. The topical focus is a philosophical interest, but above all the in theoretical philosophy, especially philos- pragmatic interest to allow the mathemati- ophy of science, epistemology and the phi- cian an unrestricted working in his very losophy of technology. An essential task is special field of competence. to establish new courses, especially Practi- Modern axiomatics, initiated by the cal Philosophy in teachers education and Göttingen mathematician David Hilbert participation in the B.A. programme in Cul- (1862-1943), can be interpreted in the tural Sciences. same sense. Hilbert’s foundational research Peckhaus, V.: Hilbertprogramm was quickly combined with logical consid- und Kritische Philosophie, erations. A biography of Ernst Zermelo Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1990 (1871-1953), Hilbert’s first collaborator in foundational issues and creator of axioma- tized set theory, is going to be completed at the chair.

Peckhaus, V.: Logik, Mathesis universalis und allgemeine Wissenschaft, Berlin: Akademie Verlag 1997 HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:16 Uhr Seite 80

80 Workgroup

Formal Languages as Universal Languages and the Origins of Modern Logic

In 1967 Jean van Heijenoort introduced an Therefore it seems to be necessary to influential distinction of types of logic: he classify historically given formal languages opposed logic as calculus and logic as lan- in respect to their universal features. Lan- guage. Later this distinction was modified guages with external semantics should not by Jaakko Hintikka and Martin Kusch by be excluded in advance. This becomes evi- opposing language as calculus and lan- dent regarding Leibniz’s characteristica uni- guage as universal medium. Both sugges- versalis, that didn’t aim exclusively at a tions agree in granting universality only to one-to-one correspondence between simple the second variation. This is justified with concepts and signs (this would have lead to the different roles of semantics in these a categorical system). Leibniz also aimed at systems. In the logical calculus, e.g., in sys- keeping the list of simple concepts as small tems of the algebra of logic, semantics is as possible in order to make the system external, i.e., the systems have to be inter- suitable for practical tasks. Leibniz not only preted. In this resprect Hintikka speaks of a wanted to construct a (in fact utopian) model-theoretic standpoint. On the other philosophical or rational language which hand, in logical systems serving as universal could provide all possible truths, but also a media like Frege’s Begriffsschrift semantics system of operation types which could be is internal. These systems are languages used to handle actual problems. And this Leibniz’s sketch of a medal for presenting his without interpretation, they do not even system was similar to algebraic systems binary number system. The image of creation: allow interpretations. with external semantics. “Omnibus ex nihilo ducendis sufficit unum” (“In order to derive everything from nothing, Van Heijenoort and Hintikka arrived at the single is enough”) their distinctions by induction from the history of logic. Nowadays they are more and more taken as criteria for evaluating logical systems present in history. Their historical starting point was Gottlob Frege’s rejoinder to the criticism of the algebraist of logic Ernst Schröder against his Begriffsschrift (1879). Both, Frege and Schröder refer to the distinction, attributed to Leibniz, between lingua characteristica und calculus ratiocinator. Both claim mutually that the other had neglected the aspect of a universal language in his system by stressing the calculus aspects. This indicates that the distinctions by van Heijenoort and Hintikka are

not only based on a short reading of the Logical addition and logical multiplication. historical discussions, but that they are also E. Schröder: Der Operationskreis des Logikkalkuls, highly problematic in systematical respects. Leipzig 1877, p. 6 They restrict the concept of language in such a way that universal aspects of formal calculi get out of sight.

Supported by Antorchas-DAAD

Contact: Prof. Dr. Volker Peckhaus E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 24 11 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 37 44

http://www-fakkw.upb.de/institute/philosophie/ G. Frege: Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, Vol. 1, Jena 1893, §47 HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:16 Uhr Seite 81

Philosophy of Science and Technology 81

Self-Other Co-determination

When a mother smiles at her two month The aim of the project is to develop a old child, the child will smile back. In the theory of how these internal representa- cinema, when Arnold Schwarzenegger is tions of intentions and emotions participate falling out of the window from the third in the generation of conscious experience. level of a hotel, the audience will shrug It will be argued that consciousness is best and utter “Ouch, that hurts”. From the first understood as a representational process by days of our life, we are always surrounded which information is made globally avail- by and engage in interactions with other able for further processing, thus generating humans. The question arises of how we a phenomenal model of the world, the know when somebody is happy, or is hav- organism itself, and the relation of the two ing pain? How can we explain that an (cf. Metzinger, 2003). infant, who never saw herself in a mirror, Furthermore, we suggest to differentiate responds with a smile to the smile of her between different types of conscious (phe- mother? More generally: How do we know nomenal and intentional) content that co- about the emotions and intentions of other vary with different levels of empathic abili- living beings? ties, arguing that, in standard configura- In 1903, Theodor Lipps introduced the tions, social interaction is a necessary con- notion of empathy into the systematic dition for the development of human self- research on our knowledge of the mental consciousness. life of others. Only recently, empathy gained more attention in consciousness studies. We now have a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of our empathic abilities (cf. Stamenov et al. 2002; Adolphs 2003). The results of studies on the perception of emotions and actions suggest that there exist matching systems in the human brain for emotional experience/perception and action execution/observation. Brain activation in individuals who perceive It has become an empirically plausible other persons hand-movements. Rizzolatti, hypothesis that perceiving somebody else Fogassi & Gallese 2001 executing an action triggers activation of our own motor representations and associated somatic responses. In turn, perception of emotions in others triggers responses in somatosensory cortices that correspond to the way activations would occur if the observer would feel the same.

Brain activation in individuals who perceive other persons in painful situations. Jean Decety 2003

Contact: Marcello Ghin, M.A. E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 23 13 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 37 44

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Cognitive Psychology Cognitive Psychology Graphic: R. Zinkhöfer Graphic:

Text taken from: Friedrich von Schiller – Why and for what reason does one study universal history? Inaugural lecture at the University of Jena 1789.

Thinking and Language Prof. Dr. phil. hist. Manfred Wettler Knowledge only becomes useful when it can be accessed in a flexible manner that meets the needs at hand. A prereq- uisite for the development of computer programs that can achieve this is knowledge about both human information processing mechanisms and our ability to understand natural languages. This is the focus of the research group in Cogni- tive Psychology.

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Cognitive Psychology 83

Hybrid Models for the Description The Simulation of Associative and Simulation of Cognitive and Processes Linguistic Processes From the statistical analysis of large With the help of trainable associative net- machine-readable corpora, the commu- works, various cognitive and linguistic abil- nicative effect of texts can be predicted. ities can be simulated. Previously, the attempt had been made (with little suc- The Computational Syntactic cess) to explain how these abilities arise Analysis of Natural Languages in terms of symbolic, rule-based processes. The aim of this project is the creation of Examples of such abilities include the dis- programs, which are capable of determin- ambiguation of words with multiple meaning the structure of arbitrary sentences, ings through the use of context, the pro- even those with complex embedding. duction of free associations in response to given words and sentences, decision-mak- Frequency Estimates ing under uncertainty and the learning of Intuitive estimates of the frequency of complex facts and interrelations. event classes determines political, econom- Nevertheless, the range of potential ic and private decisions. Which systematic applications for these models remains lim- errors do we succumb to and how can they ited due to the fact that they cannot take be prevented? into account the serial nature of language and thinking. To solve this problem, we are Tutorial Systems developing hybrid models in which the Effective CAI-Programs make use of knowl- interaction of simultaneously operating edge about the problem representation and modules can be described. These models learning mechanisms of the user. are being used for the solution of problems Psychology can only be studied as a in computational linguistics, the prediction minor subject in Paderborn. Our course of the communicative effect of advertising offering provides students from the Arts, texts and the development of tutorial sys- Science and Engineering faculties with a tems. systematic introduction to Cognitive Psy- chology and related fields such as Cogni- Research and Practical Application tive Science, Computational Linguistics and Although the results of our research have Artificial Intelligence. Our courses are been successfully applied in various practi- attended by interested research students cal domains, these practical applications from all disciplines. are not the primary goal of our research. As a university institute, it is our responsibility to develop knowledge fundamentals. The future competitiveness of local industry will be highly dependent on institutes of higher education continuing to carry out basic research and train researchers with the theoretical and methodological knowledge that is also necessary for applied research. In the period covered by this report, the research group in Cognitive Psychology was working on the following projects: HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:16 Uhr Seite 84

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Language Hybrid Systems for the Simulation of Linguistic Processes

The longterm goal of our psycholinguistic 2. The automatic identification of simi- and computer linguistic research is to cre- larity and cohesion between concepts. ate a system via which natural language For this purpose we are making use of questions about the content of any stored auto-associative networks. These are text can be answered. To achieve this, two trained using large machine-readable cor- problems, among others, must be solved. pora. Among other functions they can be used to assign polysemous words to their 1. The identification of the sentence respective correct meanings on the basis of structure of simple and compound sen- context, to identify the referents of pro- tences in German. nouns and to predict the communicative In general, this problem is dealt with by effect of texts. The networks we are devel- tackling a small but linguistically interest- oping are being used in marketing, to solve ing subset of the overall potential sentence information retrieval problems and in lin- constructions. In this respect, we are fol- guistic data processing. During the period lowing a “solid” approach: the program covered by this report we developed and should be able to analyse any text, even if implemented new and efficient algorithms this means foregoing a thorough linguistic for the training of associative conceptual analysis. With the programs that were networks and tested these empirically. developed during the period covered by Moreover, we increased our collection of this report, it is possible to identify the machine-readable texts considerably, and main verb in any main clause and to break now have at our disposal what is, to our down multiple embedded sentence con- knowledge, the largest corpus of German structions into their constituent parts. language texts. Sedlmeier, Peter; Betsch, Tilmann: etc. frequency processing and cognition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002

Contact: Prof. Dr. Manfred Wettler E-mail: [email protected] Associative structure of the concept “coffee” Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 29 00 (below left) of a positioning (centre) and a treatment Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 35 28 (above left). For learning the associative connections, machine-readable texts consisting of 300 million http://www-psycho.upb.de/zinki/psychologie.html words in total were used. HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:16 Uhr Seite 85

Cognitive Psychology 85

Thinking and Decision Making Frequency Processing

Which cause of death is more common: Where do decisions come from? stomach cancer or road accidents? Most In economics decisions are explained as people incorrectly presume road accidents outcomes of rational thinking: A person – why? Because they are more frequently who has to come to a decision assesses the confronted with information about road probabilities and the importance of all pos- accidents than with similar reports about sible consequences and compares the stomach cancer. The processing of frequen- expected utilities of the different alterna- cies of occurrence is the basis for many tives. Experiments of Kahnemann, this judgement and decision processes and year's Nobel prize winner for economics, plays a decisive role in the learning of cat- have shown that frequently decisions do egories and causal relationships. In the cur- not correspond to this theory. We develop rent DFG-Project a central aspect of the models which explain decisions as the processing of frequencies is being exam- result of associative learning (the rat ined in more detail: How can frequency “decides” whether to go to the left or to estimates be systematically influenced? the right in the T-maze). By means of com- Sedlmeier, Peter: Improving statistical reasoning: Admittedly, there are numerous findings puter simulations we generate and test theoretical models and practical implications. indicating that such influence is possible, predictions which different models of London: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1999. however, up till now the studies have been learning make about decisions in experi- rather unsystematic, and the explanations mental settings. for the observed effects are often of a post-hoc nature. Our theoretical basis is a self-developed hybrid model consisting of a neural network and a production system that is based on the theory of associative learning. This model gives predictions about when frequency of occurrence estimates are distorted and when they are in accordance with actual facts. Three major influences that can distort frequency of occurrence estimates are currently being examined in greater detail: the impact of prior knowledge, the role of attention- directing processes during the encoding of information and the influence of additional Sedlmeier, Peter; Köhlers, Detlef: information. In the period covered by this Wahrscheinlichkeiten im Alltag. Westermann, 2001. report we carried out a series of experiments in which such predictions were successfully tested. The general goal is to create a precise, integrative process-model of how frequency of occurrence estimates arise. A model of this type could be used for the prevention of judgemental errors, which play an important role in economic and political but also everyday decisions.

Contact: Prof. Dr. Peter Sedlmeier E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 371|531 64 31 Fax: +49 (0) 371|531 64 10 HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:17 Uhr Seite 86

86 Heinz Nixdorf Institute

Computer Operation Activities Computer Operation Activities

Networking Strategies Dipl.-Inform. Markus Hohenhaus The internet and the available services therein are constantly evolving. This opens new areas of utilization for computers and provides the user with a powerful yet more and more complex tool to work with. However, it also makes the computer more vulnerable to attacks from hackers and malicious software like viruses, worms, trojans or spyware. The security of the local network, the connected clients and the stored data, always was a central concern of the HNI networking and administration group.

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Computer Operation Activities 87

Tasks of the HNI Networking and file servers. The new Windows Terminal Administration Group Server is also one of new servers and The central user management, the installa- together with the installation of Windows tion and maintenance of internet services Server 2003, has increased the performance like mail, web, file and print services, the for terminal services significantly. backup of user data and the installation of workstations used by the staff and students, Software updates, Modifications are the primary tasks for the networking and the WWW and administration group. At the moment Regrettably not without interference of the we provide support for Windows, Linux und regular service, we had to rearrange the UNIX based workstations and servers. room where our server hardware is placed. Securing the network and all resources This was necessary for the new hardware to therein has a top priority. Therefore we use be integrated there. While installing the a firewall to protect the network from new hardware we also rearranged the attackers from the internet and installed a cabling and installed new active network virus scanner on all workstations. Incoming components, which provides us with more mails are also scanned automatically before flexibility for future expansions in hardware. they are delivered to the local mailboxes. The migration from a Windows 2000 to a That is, why the recent attacks of worms Windows 2003 domain also was a very and viruses in the last months didn’t have important step to increasing reliability and any effect on us. compatibility between our Windows XP workstations and the Windows servers. New Server and Storage Systems of Changes in 2004 Additionally the Windows 2003 server the Heinz Nixdorf Institute One major change this year was the change improves the manageability of Windows of Mr. Dipl. Ing. Christopher Odenbach from networks and the integration in heteroge- the HNI network and administration group neous network neighbourhoods like ours. to the Center for IT of the University of One major concern this year was, and Paderborn. His position is taken by Mr. Dipl. still is, the redesign of the HNI internet Inform. Markus Hohenhaus since the 15th presence. Together with the PR Team we are of June. working on a new fresh design for the web By replacing the workstations for all pages which is orientated on the design of staff members, we were able to finally con- this report. Along with the redesign we are duct a highly anticipated change this year. also working on the integration of the The new hardware should be sufficient for internet presence in a content management all tasks in the upcoming next few years. system. This will make the administration Although we tried to consider the individual and maintenance easier and will provide requirements of all research groups for the our staff with new means for the creation configuration of the workstations, we had and publishing of new content. We plan to to find a compromise between performance have the majority of web pages ready for and reliability. We believe that the resulting deployment at the end of the first quarter configuration will fulfill the requirements of in 2005 with the rest of the internet pres- the staff members and the administration ence following closely. alike. In the course of purchasing the workstations we were also able to buy new server hardware to increase the reliability and performance of the existing services. The new hardware will slowly replace the existing hardware and will also invent new services to our network. One, for example, will be a central high available file service. This will help us to get rid of the problem with low storage space on the research groups Space saving Arrangement of the Server Systems Facility HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:17 Uhr Seite 88

88 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2004 HNI_2004_18_89_GB 14.02.2005 11:17 Uhr Seite 89

Additional Activities 89

Additional Activities Additional Activities

• Publications

• Fairs/Conferences/Seminars

• Patents

• Prizes/Awards

• Additional Functions

• Spin-Offs

• Current Research Projects

• Current Industry Co-operations

• Scientific Co-operations HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 90

90 Workgroups

Workgroup Business Computing, especially CIM Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier

Dangelmaier, W.; Laroque, Chr.; Mueck, B.: Integration Dangelmaier, W.: Terminplanung mit Vorwärts- und Publications interaktiver Benutzer in ein modulares Gesamtsystem Rückwärtsterminierung. In: Koether, R. (Hrsg.): Dangelmaier, W.; Lessing, H.:Multiple lineare Regres- für digitale Fabriken. In: Dangelmaier, W.; Kaschula, Taschenbuch der Logistik. München: Fachbuchverlag sion – Ressourcenplanung in einem Logistiknetzwerk, D.; Neumann, J. (Hrsg.): Supply Chain Management in Leipzig in Carl Hauser Verlag 2003. Beschaffung Aktuell (2003) 9, pp. 43–47. der Automobil- und Zulieferindustrie. pp. 149–158. ALB-HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Innovative Produktion Dangelmaier, W.; Gajewski, T.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.: Dangelmaier, W.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.: Ein dezentrales und Logistik, Bd. 12. Paderborn: Fraunhofer Anwen- Die Optimierung unternehmensübergreifender Planungs- und Steuerungssystem für die Beschaffung dungszentrum Logistikorientierte Betriebswirtschaft Prozesse durch den Einsatz von Multi-Agenten-Syste- von Sekundärbedarfen innerhalb der Supply Chain. 2004. men im Supply Chain Management. In: Deckmann, H. In: Spengler, Th.; Voss, St.; Kopfer, H. (Hrsg.): Logistik (Hrsg.): Supply Chain Management Strategien und Management. Prozesse, System, Ausbildung. Bock, St.; Dangelmaier, W.; Franke, H.: Einsatz wech- Entwicklungstendenzen in Spitzenunternehmen. pp. 133–144. Heidelberg: Physica 2003. selseitig asynchron und synchron kommunizierender pp. 261–285. Berlin: Springer 2003. Agenten in der Transportplanung in: Dangelmaier, W.; Dangelmaier, W.: Technologie kann Planung nicht Kaschula, D.; Neumann, J. (Hrsg.): Supply Chain Man- Uebel, M.; Helmke, St.; Dangelmaier, W.: Change ersetzen. Pictures of the Future – Zeitschrift für agement in der Automobil- und Zulieferindustrie. Management: Ursachen und Möglichkeiten zur Forschung und Innovation. Herbst 2003, pp. 26. pp. 401–416. ALB-HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Innova- Bewältigung von Widerständen bei CRM-Projekten. tive Produktion und Logistik. Bd. 12. Paderborn: In: Hippner, H.; Wilde, K. (Hrsg.): Management von Dangelmaier, W.: Methodentransfer in den Maschi- Fraunhofer Anwendungszentrum Logistikorientierte CRM-Projekten. Handlungsempfehlungen und nenbau. Scope 43 (2003) 10, pp. 94. Betriebswirtschaft 2004. Branchenkonzepte. pp. 183–196. Wiesbaden. Gabler 2004. Dangelmaier, W.; Franke, H., Kösters, Ch.: Ontologien, Dangelmaier, W.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.: Internet- ein Überblick. WISU 33, 2004, 1, pp. 56–58. basierte Steuerung von Transportbehältern handling Dangelmaier, W.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.: Agentensys- April 2004 (Heft 4/5) pp. 114–115. teme für das Supply Chain Management. Grundla- Dangelmaier, W.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.: Einsatz des gen-Konzepte-Anwendungen. Wiesbaden: Deutscher CoagenS-Behältermanagements bei Sedus Stoll. Dangelmaier, W.; Emmrich, A.; Kösters, C.: Analyse der Universitäts-Verlag 2004. Steuerungssystem bei Transportbehältern. Wirtschaftlichkeit und Umweltverträglichkeit dezen- is-report 8 (2004) 1+2, pp. 48–49. traler Energieversorgungssysteme in: ZfE Zeitschrift Heller, F.: Wissensbasiertes Online-Störungsmanage- für Energiewirtschaft 28 (2004) 1, pp. 45–53. ment flexibler, hochautomatisierter Montagesysteme. Dangelmaier, W.; Franke, H.; Klöpper, B.; Kösters, Ch.: HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 129. Hrsg. von W. Synchronously communicating agents for parallel Dangelmaier, W.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.: System- Dangelmaier. Paderborn: Heinz Nixdorf Institut 2003. improvements in transport logistics. In: Artificial unterstütztes Lieferantenmanagement in: Intelligence and Applications AIA. Innsbruck, Austria, Wisu 33 (2004) 4, pp. 520–532. Hamady, M.: Ein Ansatz zur Gestaltung des operativ- 15–19 Februar 2004. en Fertigungsmanagements innerhalb der Lieferkette Dangelmaier, W.; Franke, H.; Klöpper, B.; Scheideler, P.: – Umsetzung am Beispiel eines Automobilzulieferers. Dangelmaier, W; Giese, H.; Klein, F.; Renken, H.; Schei- Agent-based Simulation of Transportation Nets. In: HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 132. Hrsg. von W. deler, P.: Shared Experiences in Intelligent Transporta- Coelho, H.; Espinasse, B. (Hrsg.): 5th Workshop on Dangelmaier, Paderborn: Heinz Nixdorf Institut 2003. tion Systems. In 5th IFAC/EURON Symposium on Agent-based Simulation. Lisboa, Portugal, 3–5 Mai Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles. IFAC, Elsevier Sci- 2004, pp. 174–179 Uebel, M.: Ein Modell zur Steuerung der Kundenbear- ence, 5–7 July 2004. beitung im Rahmen des Vertriebsmanagements. HNI- Kriesel, C.; Dangelmaier, W.: A Model for the Strategic Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 134. Hrsg. von W. Dangel- Dangelmaier, W.; Leichtnam, G.; Scheideler, P.; Planning of Corporate Structures maier. Paderborn: Heinz Nixdorf Institut 2003. Schmidt, A.: Knowledge Communication for Intelli- In: Harvey, R. J.; Geraldi, J. G.; Adlbrecht, G. (Hrsg.): gent Mechatronic Systems. In: 4th Intern. ICSC Sym- Global Project and Manufacturing Management. Uebel, M.: Helmke, St.; Dangelmaier, W. (Hrsg.): Praxis posium on Engineering of Intelligent Systems, pp. 63–75. Universität Siegen 2004. des Customer Relationship Managements. Branchen- Funchal, Portugal, 29 February–2 Mach 2004. ICSC ISBN 3-00-013666-5. lösungen und Erfahrungsberichte. 2. Auflage Wies- Interdisciplinary Research Canada, ICSC Academic baden: Gabler 2004. Press. 2004. Dangelmaier, W.; Bosau, J.; Mueck, B.; Pape, U.: Ein- satz der SAP-Exchange-Infrastruktur bei Integra- Mueck, B.; Dittmann, N.: Marktanalyse: Materialfluss- Dangelmaier, W.; Scheideler, P.; Schmidt, A.: Repre- tionsszenarien, Wisu 33 (2004) 7, pp. 919–925. Simulatoren. ALB-HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 11. senting Knowledge of Hierarchical Mechatronic Hrsg. von W. Dangelmaier, Paderborn: Fraunhofer- Systems in Web-Ontologies. In: M. Hamza, editor, Dangelmaier, W.; Laroque, Chr.; Kriesel, C.; Mueck, B.: Anwendungszentrum für Logistikorientierte Betrieb- Artificial Intelligence and Applications, Logistical Simulation of a Demand-driven Railway swirtschaft 2003. pages 571-576. IASTED, ACTA Press, Calgary, Canada, System Using a Discrete Production Simulator. 16–18 February 2004. (SCSC’04). In: Bruzzone, A.; Williams, E. (Hrsg.): Pro- Dangelmaier, W.; Kaschula, D.; Neumann, J. (Hrsg.): ceedings of the 2004 Summer Computer Simulation Supply Chain Management in der Automobil- und Dangelmaier, W.; Uebel, M.; Helmke, St.; Spindler, Th.: Conference (SCSC’04) SCS, 2004 – Best Paper First Zulieferindustrie. ALB-HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Outsourcing von Kundenservice-Leistung. Service Runner-up Award, pp. 300–305. Innovative Produktion und Logistik Bd. 12. Paderborn: Level Agreements, Beispiel Wincor Nixdorf, Beschaf- Fraunhofer Anwendungszentrum Logistikorientierte fung Aktuell (2004) 3, pp. 42–45. Dangelmaier, W.; Franke, H.; Klöpper, B.; Scheideler, P.: Betriebswirtschaft 2004. Modelling and controlling decentralized logistics net- Dangelmaier, W.; Emmrich, A.; Gajewski, T; Heidenre- works. (ASM’04). In: Proceedings of the International Busch, A.; Dangelmaier, W.: Integriertes Supply Chain ich, J.: Ein Referenzmodell zur Beschreibung der Conference on Applied Simulation and Modelling, Management. Theorie und Praxis effektiver Geschäftsprozesse von After-Sales-Dienstleistungen. Rhodes, Griechenland, Juni 2004. unternehmensübergreifender Geschäftsprozesse. In: Becker, J.; Delfmann, P. (Hrsg.): Referenzmodel- 2. Auflage. Wiesbaden: Gabler 2004 lierung. pp. 73–97. Heidelberg: Physica 2004. Franke, H.; Dangelmaier, W.:A web-based Multi- Agent-System for transportation Management to Dangelmaier, W.; Mueck, B.; Laroque, Chr.; R Mahajan, Dangelmaier, W.: Collaborative-SCM als Schnittstel- protect our Natural Environment. Cybernetics and K.: d3FACT insight: A Simulation-Tool for multiresolu- lendefinition zwischen Kunde und Lieferant. In: Dan- Systems Volume 35 No. 7–8, Oct-Dec 2004, tion material flow modells. In: Lipovszki, György; gelmaier, W.; Kaschula, D.; Neumann, J. (Hrsg.): Sup- pp. 627–638. Molnár, István (Hrsg.): Simulation in Industry – ply Chain Management in der Automobil- und 16th European Simulation Symposium (ESS2004) Zulieferindustrie. pp. 9–66. ALB-HNI-Verlagsschriften- Busch, A.; Dangelmaier, W.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.: SCS – Europe, 2004, pp. 17–22 reihe Innovative Produktion und Logistik, Bd. 12. Marktspiegel Supply Chain Management Systeme: Paderborn: Fraunhofer Anwendungszentrum Logis- Potentiale - Konzepte - Anbieter im Vergleich. Wies- Dangelmaier, W.; Scheideler, P.; Brüggemann, D.: tikorientierte Betriebswirtschaft 2004. baden: Gabler 2003. Solving Conflicts in Knowledge Communication Processes in a Multi-Agent Scenario. In: International HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 91

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Conference on Modelling, Simulation and Optimiza- tion. Kauai, USA, 17–19 August 2004 Prizes/Awards Current Research Projects Best-Paper First Runner up Award of the Summer CoagenS – Adaptive production networks in Dangelmaier, W.; Laroque, Chr.; Mueck, B.; Renner, P.: Computer Simulation Conference 2004 (SCSC’04), series manufacturing Interaktionsmechanismen zur kooperativen Simula- San Jose, California CoagenS is meant to support production planning tion von Materialflusssimulationen. In: Mertins, Kai; and controlling in production networks via multi- Rabe, Markus (Hrsg.): Experiences from the Future - agent-systems to provide significantly improved New Methods and Applications in Simulation for Pro- Additional Functions results compared to PPS- and SCM-systems duction and Logistics, Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, 2004, · Management of the Fraunhofer-Anwendungszen- employed today. CoagenS unifies industrial enterpris- pp. 433–441 trums für Logistikorientierte Betriebswirtschaft (ALB) es as users, software-houses as product developers · Member of advisory committee of Cartec Lippstadt and the HNI as their universitary partners. Supporting Dangelmaier, W.; Scheideler, P.: Solving Route Plan- · Member of advisory committee of CentConsult institution: BMBF ning Problems with Experiences. In: International Pro.X GmbH Conference on Applied Simulation and Modelling. · Member of advisory committee of Paderborner SFB 376 “Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms – Rhodes, Greece, 28–30 Juni 2004 Center for Parallel Computing (PC2) Design Methods - Applications”, project C2: “real- · Member of advisory committee of Bundesverbandes time, hierachical planing and control of networked Dangelmaier, W.; Franke, H.; Klöpper, B.; Scheideler, P.: Logistik (BVL) production systems ” Modelling and controlling decentralized logistics net- · Head of Competence Center PPS-SCM-Systems, Goal of the research are online-planning and -control works. In: APPLIED SIMULATION AND MODELLING EAI-Systems, Electronic Marketplaces and systems for production and logistics, which are quali- (ASM04). Rhodes, Greece, 28–30 Juni 2004 CAS-CRm-Systems of the NetSkill AG tative equal to offline-systems because of their parallel approach. Supporting institution: DFG Emmrich, A.; Dangelmaier, W.; Ihnen, F.; Rogaischus, A.: Services in the German automotive supplier Spin-Offs SFB 614: “Self-Optimizing Concept and Structure in industry. In: Gustafsson, Anders; Brown, Stephen W; Dr. Ketterer Mechanical Engineering“, project A2: “Behavior-ori- Johnston, Robert; Edvardsson, Bo (Hrsg.): Service Dr. Ketterer deals with the development, construc- entated Self-Optimization“ Excellence in Management: Interdisciplinary Contri- tion, and introduction of branch solutions, especially Goal ist he formulation of a behavior-orientated self- butions Bd. 1 Service Research Center – CTF, 2004 in co-operation with leading EDP and software pro- optimization. It dynamically adjusts the behavior of a ducers. At that he draws on detailed SAP-experience. mechatronic system to its environment, without the Dangelmaier, W.; Laroque, Chr.; Mueck, B.; Renner, P.: use of explicit models. Supporting institution: DFG Improved Process Planning by a Material Flow Simu- Fraunhofer Center for Logistic-orientated lation with Multi-User-Support. In: Baake, Uwe F.; business management (ALB) DFG program “modeling of production”, project “sim- Herbst, Joachim; Landeghem, Rik van (Hrsg.): 11th The ALB is concerned with all technological business ulation of production chains and their dynamically Annual European Concurrent Engineering Conference issues that occur with the creation and implementa- adjusted detail fort he use in a virtual environment” 2004 (ECEC) EUROSIS, 2004, pp. 59–63 tion of in-house and corporate production and logis- Goal of the project ist he devepolment of a basis for tics processes, and that can be solved by dint of inno- a simulation tool, in which the user is active part of Dangelmaier, W.; Laroque, Chr.; Mueck, B.; Fischer, M.; vative information technology. the simulation. Supporting institution: DFG Kortenjan, M.: Guidance of Users in Interactive 3D- Visualisations of Material Flow Simulations. In: NetSkill AG Project “Interdisziplinäre Forschungsarbeiten in den Schulz, Thomas; Schlechtweg, Stefan; Hinz, Volkmar The Net-Skill Inc. manages and markets competence Gebieten Modellierung und Simulation sowie Daten- (Hrsg.): Simulation and Visualisation 2004. Magde- site, a coaching network for managers. It provides strukturen und Algorithmen, Aktive Benutzerunter- burg: SCS European Publishing House, 4.–5. März reasonable prepared practice-tips, studies, articles, stützung zur Analyse von Materialflusssimulationen 2004, pp. 73–83 and guidelines from highly qualified experts from the in virtuellen Umgebungen, Datenstrukturen, Render- fields of management, business systems, and law. ing- und Approximationsalgorithmen zur Darstellung Franke, H.; Dangelmaier, W.; Klöpper, B.; Kösters, C.: virtueller, geometrischer 3D-Szenen“ (computer-aided Synchronously communicating agents for parallel Pro.X GmbH analysis of material-flow-simulations in virtual envi- improvements in transport logistics. In: Artificial The Pro.X Ltd offers competent advise and applica- ronments). Supporting institution: DFG Intelligence and Applications AIA. Innsbruck, Austria, tion-support in the sector of process optimizing in 15–19 Februar 2004 trade and industry. Starting from the process of serv- Project “Rechnerunterstützte Konstruktion von ice production an optimal workflow organization is Systemen zur Lenkung der Fertigung” (computer- Dangelmaier, W.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.: Steuerungs- developed which functions as an widespread reor- aided construction fort he monitoring of the system für Transportbehälter/Heinz Nixdorf Institut, ganization concept and which can come up to the manufacturing) 2004. – Forschungsbericht replacement of a PPS-system. Goal of this project is a component library for the configuration of a monitoring system based on the entrice GmbH model-based description of a production system. Fairs/Conferences/Seminars The entice GmbH supports its customers in the Supporting institution: DFG 6. Paderborner Frühjahrstagung – Supply-Chain- development of individual software solutions from Management in the automotive and supllier industry application hosting in its own computer center to Graduiertenkolleg “Parallele Rechnernetzwerke in der – unique selling proposition or cost catch the implementation of own software projects. Produktionstechnik” On April 15th, the 6th „Paderborner Frühjahrstagung“ Furthermore special seminars are offered in the Supporting institution: DFG took place at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. This year areas e-business and mobility. focused especially on the value-added chain of the NRW-Graduate-School “Graduate School of Dynamic automotive and supplier industry. More transparent IPT Software GmbH Intelligent Systems“ markets leaded to challenge and improve existing During the last years IPT developed in cooperation business process models. Innovative companies focus with industry and science special methods to meet Interdisciplinary cooperation project “Neue Bahn- on the improvement of their supply chain. They don’t the requirements for quality and productivity in the technik Paderborn” NBP reagard themselves as single competitors, but as one highly automated manufacturing processes. In addi- Here the project group develops among other things part of a cooperative chain, which only can be opti- tion to new software products IPT’s work contains an agent-based, absolutely distributed operational mized en bloc. The critical question is, on which consulting, guidance and individual support at the concept for an objective-adjusted traffic. Supporting developments has to be reacted. customer. institution: North Rhine-Westphalia /University of Characteristic problems were raised in talks and dis- Paderborn cussions. More than 200 participants used the opportunity to inform themselves about research, theory and practical experience in 4 parallel sessions. Espe- cially collaborative SCM was of a high interest. HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 92

92 Workgroups

Continental Teves AG & Co oHG Degussa AG Current Industry Co-operations Expansion of production planning and -monitoring DSS: Design and development of a Decision Support Pavone AG with OOPUS-DPS for all European sites System for optimisation und simulation of transport Creation of business processes in the context of Development of a tool fort he classification of the chains client-server surroundings; Specifications SCM-sys- supplier FIST: Design, development and introduction of a tems; Development of a concept for a further devel- freight-charge-information-system Development oped expert-engine Bombardier Transportation (Signal) Germany GmbH of a location-information-system for storehouses Objective of the cooperation is the conception of and distributors BWM Werk Leipzig new operational concepts and the development of Cooperation with the “Digitale Fabrik Werk Leipzig“ supporting tools of the BMW Group, Plant Leipzig Scientific Co-operations Siemens Dematic Helwan University Cairo, Egypt arvato logistics services Method development for improving software engi- Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Osman simulation of a distribution center neering for warehouse-management-systems

Volkswagen AG Knorr Bremse AG Development of an ontegrated scheduling software Intention of the cooperation is the enhancement fort he motor prduction of the plants Chemnitz & of Knorr’s AG’s delivery reliability to 95% Salzgitter Development of an e-learning portal for logistics

Workgroup Computer Integrated Manufacturing Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Brüseke, U.; Grafe, M.; Wortmann, R.; Scharfe, C.; Gausemeier, J.: Systematik der Fertigungsplanung im Publications Westphal, H.: VARI - An Augmented Reality Interac- Kontext virtueller Produktion. ZwF Jahrg. 99 (2004) 6 Balazova, M.: Methode zur Leistungsbewertung und tion Device for Education- and Training-Applications. Leistungssteigerung der Mechatronikentwicklung. In: Drews, P. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of Mechatronics& Gausemeier, J.: Die Szenario-Analyse als Basis für Dissertation, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Universität Robotics 2004 (MechRob 2004 (IEEE)). 13.–15. Sep- Kompetenzmanagement. In: Rosenstiel, L. von; Pieler, Paderborn, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Paderborn, tember 2004, Sascha Eysoldt Verlag Aachen, 2004 D.; Glas, P. (Hrsg.): Strategisches Kompetenzmanage- 2004 ment - Von der Strategie zur Kompetenzentwicklung Brüseke, U.; Grafe, M.; Wortmann, R.; Scharfe, C.: in der Praxis. Gabler, 2004 Bätzel, D.: Methode zur Ermittlung und Bewertung Augmented Reality in der Aus- und Weiterbildung am von Strategiealternativen im Kontext Fertigungstech- Beispiel der Montage von PC-Komponenten. In: Gausemeier, J.: From Mechatronics to Self-optimizing nik. Dissertation, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Univer- Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M. (Hrsg.): Augmented und Vir- Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering - sität Paderborn, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 141, tual Reality in der Produktentstehung. HNI-Verlagss- New Approaches of Design Methodology. Interna- Paderborn, 2004 chriftenreihe, Band 149, Paderborn, 2004 tional Journal of Computer Integrated Manufactur- ing, 2004 Beier, D.; Fründ, J.; Matysczok, C.; Reimann, C.; Dangelmaier, W.; Leichtnam, G.; Scheideler, P.; Rosenbach, W.; Stichling, D.: AR-PDA: Ein mobiles Schmidt, A.: Knowledge Communication for Intel- Gausemeier, J.: Mehr Wachstum und Beschäftigung Produktpräsentationssystem. In: Keil-Slawik, R.; Selke, ligent Mechatronic Systems. Proceedings of the durch Forschung - Oder: An welchen Stellschrauben H.; Szwillus, G. (Hrsg.): Mensch&Computer 2004: All- 4th International ICSC Symposium on Engineering man drehen muss. In: Bucher, J.; Hoeschen, H.; Linne- gegenwärtige Interaktion. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2004 of Intelligent Systems. 29. Februar – 2. März 2004, mann, C. (Hrsg.): Paderborner Impulse - Persön- Funchal, Portugal, ICSC Academic Press, 2004 lichkeiten geben Denkanstöße. Junger Verlag Pader- Beier, D.; Fründ, J.; Matysczok, C.; Reimann, C.; born, Paderborn, 2004 Rosenbach, W.; Stichling, D.: Einsatz der Technologie Dangelmaier, W.; Scheideler, P.; Schmidt, A.: Repre- Augmented Reality zur Präsentation technischer senting Knowledge of Hierarchical Mechatronic Sys- Gausemeier, J.; Bauch, J.; Radkowski, R.; Shen, Q.: Produkte. In: Müller, S.; Brunnett, G.; Goebel, M. tems in Web-Ontologies. In: Hamza, M. (Hrsg.): Pro- Eine Virtual Reality-basierte Entwurfsumgebung für (Hrsg.): 1. Workshop Erweiterte und Virtuelle Realität, ceedings Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AIA selbstoptimierende mechatronische Systeme. In: GI-Fachgruppe AR/VR. 27.-28. September 2004, 2004). 16.–18. Februar 2004, Innsbruck, Österreich, Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M. (Hrsg.): Augmented und Vir- Technische Universität Chemnitz, 2004 ACTA Press, Calgary, Canada, 2004 tual Reality in der Produktentstehung. HNI-Verlagss- chriftenreihe, Band 149, Paderborn, 2004 Binger, V.: Recognising the Challenges of the Future Frank, U.; Giese, H.; Klein, F.; Oberschelp, O.; Schmidt, and Managing the Business of Tomorrow. Proceedings A.; Schulz, B.; Vöcking, H.; Witting, K.; Gausemeier, J. Gausemeier, J.; Bauch, J.; Radkowski, R.; Shen, Q.: of the XV Congress on Machine Tool and Manufac- (Hrsg.): Selbstoptimierende Systeme des Maschinen- A Virtual Reality-based Design Environment for Self- turing Technologies. Band 15, Fundación de Investi- baus - Definitionen und Konzepte. HNI-Verlagss- Optimizing Mechatronic Systems. In: Drews, P. (Hrsg.): gación de la Máquina-Herramienta (INVEMA), 2004 chriftenreihe, Band 155, Paderborn, 2004 Proceedings of Mechatronics &Robotics 2004 (MechRob 2004 (IEEE)). 13.–15. September 2004, Brüseke, U.; Grafe, M.; Wortmann, R.: Nutzenpoten- Fründ, J.; Matysczok, C.; Ebbesmeyer, P.; Knobel, M.: Sascha Eysoldt Verlag Aachen, 2004 tiale von AR für die kombinierte virtuelle/reale AR-PDA: Innovative Product Marketing for Innovative Rekonstruktion historischer Objekte. In: Rekonstruk- Products. Proceedings of the International Status Gausemeier, J.; Berger, T.: Ideenmanagement in der tion - Alternativen zur baulichen Wiederherstellung, Conference Virtual and Augmented Reality. Leipzig, strategischen Produktplanung - Identifikation der 2004 2004 Produkte und Geschäftsfelder von morgen. Konstruk- tion, September 9- 2004 HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 93

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Gausemeier, J.; Binger, V.; Dreher, C.; Kinkel, S.: Design Conference Design 2004. 17–20 Mai 2004, Gausemeier, J.; Vienenkötter, A.: Strategische Produkt- WZM 20XX - Initiative für die Werkzeugmaschine Dubrovnik, 2004 und Technologieplanung - systematische Entwicklung von morgen. ZwF Jahrg. 99 (2004) 4 von Produkt- und Produktionssystemenkonzeptionen. Gausemeier, J.; Lindemann, U.; Schuh, G. (Hrsg.): Tagungsband 11. Internationales Produktionstechnis- Gausemeier, J.; Eckes, R.; Gerdes, K.-H.: Graphisch Planung der Produkte und Fertigungssysteme für die ches Kolloquium PTK 2004. 28.–29. September 2004, interaktive Projektierung von Materialflusssteuerun- Märkte von morgen – Ein praktischer Leitfaden für Berlin, 2004 gen. Industriemanagement 20 (2004) 3 mittelständische Unternehmen des Maschinen- und Anlagenbaus. Frankfurt/M., VDMA Verlag, 2004 Gausemeier, J.; Wallaschek, J. (Hrsg.): Intelligente Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Redenius, A.; Steffen, D.: mechatronische Systeme. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Development of Self-Optimizing Systems. In: Drews, Gausemeier, J.; Matysczok, C.; Mueck, B.: Einsatz- Band 145, Paderborn, 2004 P. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of Mechatronics&Robotics potenziale der Technologie Augmented Reality - 2004 (MechRob 2004 (IEEE)). 13.–15. September Interaktive Modellierung und Analyse von Materi- Gehrke, M.; Steffen, D.: Systematischer rechnerunter- 2004, Sascha Eysoldt Verlag Aachen, 2004 alflusssimulationen. ZwF Jahrg. 99 (2004) 1-2 stützter Entwurf selbstoptimierender Systeme. Proceedings of the Symposium Design for X. Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Schmidt, A.; Scheideler, P.; Gausemeier, J.; Michels, J. S.: Entwicklung und Lehrstuhl für Konstruktionstechnik, Universität Erlan- Steffen, D.: Eine Entwurfsmethodik für selbstopti- Fertigung mechatronischer Systeme. In: Otti-Kolleg, gen-Nürnberg, 2004 mierende Systeme. In: Gausemeier, J.; Wallaschek, J. (Hrsg.): Mechatronik - Funktions- und kosten- (Hrsg.): Intelligente mechatronische Systeme. HNI- optimierte Systemlösungen. Otti Kolleg, 2004 Gehrke, M.; Steffen, D.; Tichy, M.: Optimizing the Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 145, Paderborn, 2004 Principle Solution for Mechatronic Systems. In: Gausemeier, J.; Michels, J. S.: From Mechatronics to Drews, P. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of Mechatronics& Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Schmidt, A.; Vöcking, H.: Self-Optimization. Proceedings of the O.M.P. - Inter- Robotics 2004 (MechRob 2004 (IEEE)). 13.–15. Sep- Domänenübergreifende Spezifikation der Prinzip- national Trade Fair for Optical and Microtechnology tember 2004, Sascha Eysoldt Verlag Aachen, 2004 lösung selbstoptimierender Systeme. Tagungsband Products. 25-27 Mai 2004, Nürnberg, 2004 zum 2. Gemeinsamen Kolloquium Konstruktionstech- Grafe, M.; Matysczok, C.; Ebbesmeyer, P.; Krumm, H.: nik - Produktentwicklung und Product Lifecycle Man- Gausemeier, J.; Michels, J. S.; Peitz, T.; Bigl, T.: Integra- Visualization of Complex Automotive Assembly agement, 2004 tive Development of three-dimensional Electronic Sequences on Mobile Devices. Proceedings of the 1st Devices. Proceedings of the 6. International Congress International Forum on Applied Wearable Computing Gausemeier, J.; Fründ, J.; Grafe, M.; Matysczok, C.: - Molded Interconnect Devices. Research Association IFAWC 2004. Bremen, 2004 Augmented Reality as a New User Interface for the Molded Interconnect Devices 3-D MID e.V., 2004 Layout Planning of Manufacturing Systems. In: Ong, Grienitz, V.: Technologieszenarien – Eine Methodik S. K.; Nee, A. Y. C. (Hrsg.): Virtual and Augmented Gausemeier, J.; Michels, J. S.; Peitz, T.; Marheine, C.: A zur Erstellung von Technologieszenarien für die Reality in Manufacturing, Springer Verlag, 2004 Development Environment for Spatial Electronic strategische Technologieplanung. Dissertation, Devices in Telecommunications and Network Appli- Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Universität Paderborn, Gausemeier, J.; Fründ, J.; Matysczok, C.; Radkowski, R.: cations. In: Ferrer, J.; Aguilar, J. (Hrsg.): International HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 151, Paderborn, 2004 Cooperative Design Support within Automobile Conference on Cybernetics and Information Tech- Advance Development using Augmented Reality nologies, Systems and Applications Bd. 1. Internation- Jania, T.: Änderungsmanagement auf Basis eines inte- Technology. Proceedings of the 8th International al Institute of Informatics and Systemics, 2004 grierten Prozess- und Produktdatenmodells mit dem Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Ziel einer durchgängigen Komplexitätsbewertung. Work in Design. Xiamen, China, 2004 Gausemeier, J.; Michels, J. S.; Orlik, L.; Redenius, A.: Dissertation, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Universität Modellierung und Planung von Produktentstehung- Paderborn, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Paderborn, Gausemeier, J.; Fründ, J.; Matysczok, C.; Reimann, C.; sprozessen. In: Mechatronischer Systementwurf. Vere- 2004 Rosenbach, W.: An Augmented Reality User Interface in Deutscher Ingenieure, VDI-Berichte, Düsseldorf, for Wearable Computing. Proceedings of the 1st 2004 Koch, M.; Kleinjohann, B.; Schmidt, A.; Scheideler, P.; International Forum on Applied Wearable Computing Münch, E.; Gambuzza, A.; Oberschelp, O.; Hestermeyer, IFAWC 2004. Bremen, 2004 Gausemeier, J.; Michels, J. S.; Redenius, A.: Model- T.: Neuro-Fuzzy Approaches for Self-Optimizing Con- lierung und Planung von Produktentstehung- cepts and Structures of Mechatronic Systems. Pro- Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M. (Hrsg.): Augmented&Virtual sprozessen. In: Gausemeier, J.; Wallaschek, J. (Hrsg.): ceedings of the International Conference on Comput- Reality in der Produktentstehung. HNI-Verlagss- Intelligente mechatronische Systeme. HNI-Verlagss- ing, Communications and Control Technologies chriftenreihe Band 149, Paderborn, 2004 chriftenreihe Band 145, Paderborn, 2004 (CCCT2004). Austin, Texas, USA, 2004

Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M.; Matysczok, C.: Effizientes Gausemeier, J.; Müller, W.; Paelke, V.; Bauch, J.; Koch, M.; Kleinjohann, B.; Schmidt, A.; Scheideler, P.; Produktionsmanagement durch kontextsensitive Radkowski, R.; Shen, Q.: Lösungselement-basiertes Saskevic, A.; Münch, E.; Gambuzza, A.; Oberschelp, O.; Bereitstellung produktionsrelevanter Informationen Virtual Prototyping von selbstoptimierenden mecha- Hestermeyer, T.: Neuro-Fuzzy Approaches for Self- auf mobilen Endgeräten. In: Dangelmaier, W.; Kaschu- tronischen Systemen. In: Schulze, T.; Schlechtweg, S.; Optimizing Concepts and Structures of Mechatronic la, D; Neumann, J. (Hrsg.): Supply Chain Management Hinz, V. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the15th Conference Systems. Günne, Mai 2004 in der Automobil-Zulieferindustrie. ALB-HNI-Ver- Simulation and Visualization 2004. 4.-5. März 2004, lagsschriftenreihe Band 12, Paderborn, 2004 Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, 2004 Köckerling, M.: Methodische Entwicklung und Opti- mierung der Wirkstruktur mechatronischer Produkte. Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M.; Matysczok, C.; Radkowski, Gausemeier, J; Müller, W; Paelke, V; Bauch, J; Shen, Dissertation, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Universität R.: PC-Cluster für die Visualisierung von hochpolygo- Q.; Radkowski, R.: Virtual Prototyping Of Self-Opti- Paderborn, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 143, nalen 3D-Modellen in Augmented Reality-Anwen- mizing Mechatronic Systems. Proceedings of the 8th Paderborn, 2004 dungen. In: Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M. (Hrsg.): Aug- International Design Conference Design 2004. 17–20 mented und Virtual Reality in der Produktentstehung. Mai 2004, Dubrovnik, 2004 Matysczok, C.: Augmented Reality - Chances and HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 149, Paderborn, 2004 Potentials of a new Man-Machine-Interface. Proceed- Gausemeier, J.; Schmidt, A.; Frank, U.; Steffen, D.: ings of the International Digital Media Conference. Gausemeier, J.; Lindemann, U.; Braun, T.; Orlik, L.; Towards a Design Methodology for Self-Optimizing Cairo, 2004 Vienenkötter, A.: Ein Vorgehensmodell zur strategis- Systems. Proceedings of the 14th CIRP Design Semi- chen Produkt- und Prozessplanung in kleinen und nar 2004. 16–18 Mai 2004, Cairo Egypt, 2004 Matysczok, C.: Dynamische Kantenextraktion – Ein mittleren Unternehmen. Konstruktion, März 3-2004 Verfahren zur Generierung von Tracking-Informatio- Gausemeier, J.; Shen, Q.; Bauch, J.: A Solution nen für Augmented Reality-Anwendungen auf Basis Gausemeier, J.; Lindemann, U.; Braun, T.; Orlik, L.; Elements based Cooperative Assembly System for von 3D-Referenzmodellen. Dissertation, Fakultät für Vienenkötter, A.: Design support by improving Mechatronic Virtual Prototyping. Proceedings of the Maschinenbau, Universität Paderborn, HNI-Verlagss- method transfer - a procedural model and guidelines 8th International Conference of Computer Supported chriftenreihe, Paderborn, 2004 for strategic product planning in small and medium- Cooperative Work in Design, Band 2. 26.–28. Mai sized enterprises. Proceedings of the 8th International 2004, Xiamen, China, 2004 HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 94

94 Workgroups

Matysczok, C.; Ebbesmeyer, P.; Krumm, H.; Maciej, J.: 1st Workshop “Erweiteret und Virtuelle Realität GI Efficient Creation of Augmented Reality Content by Fairs/Conferences/Seminars Fachgruppe AR/VR” using an Intuitive Authoring System. Proceedings of 4th Innovation Workshop Strategic Product Planning Young scientists presented their research results of the ASME 2004 Design Engineering Technical Confer- – Getting to know and use methods. “Augmented and Virtual Reality”. September 27 to 28, ences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference for key business figures and decision 2004, Technische Universität Chemnitz Conference, Salt Lake City, USA, 2004 makers who are involved in forward-looking business management. It contains an overview of innovation Matysczok, C.; Grafe, M.; Wojdala, A.: A Scalable PC- processes as well as the discussion of success stories Additional Functions Cluster Architecture for Highly Polygonal Augmented and provides a systematic insight into the methods · Member of the Board and General Manager of the Reality Applications. Proceedings of the ACM SIG- and tools to strengthen innovative drive in compa- scientific society ”Berliner Kreis – Wissenschaftliches GRAPH 2004. Los Angeles, USA, 2004 nies; February 10 to 11, 2004, Glashuetten-Oberems Forum für Produktentwicklung e.V.” · Initiator and Chairman of the supervisory board of Matysczok, C.; Radkowski, R.; Berssenbrügge, J.: AR- 2nd Paderborn Workshop „Intelligent Mechatronic UNITY AG – public limited company involved in Bowling: Immersive and Realistic Game Play in Real Systems“ company management and information technology Environments Using Augmented Reality. Proceedings Workshop for specialists and executives from industry · Member of supervisory board of Sterling SIHI of the ACM SIGCHI International Conference on and research institutes, who work decisivly on · Member of “acatech – Konvent für Technikwis- Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology research and development in sphere of future senschaften der Union der deutschen Akademien ACE 2004, Singapur, 2004 mechanical engineering systems. A forum for discus- der Wissenschaften e.V.” sion and the exchange of experience is offered. The Möhringer, S.: A Standardising Approach to describe topics are new developments in sensor and actuators and to compare Design Models for Mechatronics. technology, methods and software-tools for design, Spin-Offs Proceedings of the 8th International Design Confer- application of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality, FASTEC GmbH ence Design 2004. 17.–20. Mai 2004, Dubrovnik, 2004 capability of adaption and self-optimisation as well FASTEC GmbH, founded in 1995, focuses on material as the support of interdisciplinary cooperation. handling automation, especially on conveyor controls, Münch, E.; Oberschelp, O.; Hestermeyer, T.; Scheideler, March 25 to 26, 2004, Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum, manufacturing execution systems and integration P.; Schmidt, A.: Distributed Optimization of Reference Paderborn services for assembly automation. Control solutions Trajectories for Active Suspension with Multi-Agent realized by FASTEC are based on engineering tools Systems. Proceedings of the 18th European Simula- 3rd Paderborn Workshop “Augmented & Virtual designed by the company itself. These tools improve tion Multi-Conference (ESM). 13.–16. Juni 2004, Reality in Product Development” engineering efficiency and speed up the implementa- Magdeburg, 2004 Forum for developers and users from research and tion of custom specific applications due to features industry for exchanging and discussing current like configuration instead of programming and virtual Orlik, L.: Wissensbasierte Entscheidungshilfe für die results in relation to basic principles and applications commissioning. Customers are found in highly inno- strategische Produktplanung. Dissertation, Fakultät of VR/AR technology. June 17 to 18, 2004, Heinz Nix- vative industries like electronic assembly, automotive für Maschinenbau, Universität Paderborn, HNI-Ver- dorf MuseumsForum, Paderborn and medical technology. Ultimate flexibility, reliability, lagsschriftenreihe, Paderborn, 2004 process transparency and operator convenience are International Status-Congress “Virtual & Augmented important features of these solutions. One highlight Redenius, A.; Steffen, D.: Ein Instrumentarium zur Reality” implemented in FASTEC´s engineering workbench is Planung von Produktentwicklungsprozessen. Proceed- The cooperative projects that are sponsored by the virtual commissioning based on a 3D- conveyor sys- ings of the Symposium Design for X. Lehrstuhl für BMBF introduced their results from “Virtual and Aug- tem model, including all sensor and actuators and Konstruktionstechnik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, mented Reality” to international experts and poten- animated with the control software for the real PLC. 2004 tial users. The project AR-PDA was one project among Thus FASTEC gets their customers faster to produc- others. February 19 to 20, 2004, Leipzig tion start. Schäfer, W.; Wagner, R.; Gausemeier, J.; Eckes, R.: An Source: http://www.fastec.de Engineer’s Workstation to Support Integrated Devel- Hannover Trade Fair opment of Flexible Production Control System. In: The BMBF presented outstanding results of current myview systems GmbH Ehrig, H.; et al. (Hrsg.): Integration of Software Speci- research projects. The project AR-PDA introduced the myview systems GmbH , a former spin-off of UNITY fication Techniques for Applications in Engineering. topic “Virtual and Augmented Reality”. April 19 to 24, AG, specializes in effective product information man- Springer Verlag, 2004 2004, Hannover agement in e-business. The myview product family offers cross-media publishing for complex products Scheideler, P.; Schmidt, A.: On Learning from Past SMT/Hybrid/Packaging 2004 and online information systems for project engineer- Experience as a Meta-Methodology for the Applica- In cooperation with the Competence Network for the ing and is a mature development platform for infor- tion of Self-Optimizing Working-Principles within Production of Microelectronics, the BMBF presented mation management on the internet. Complex Hierarchical Mechatronic Systems. Proceed- selected cooperative projects. Experts from industry Source: http://www.myview.de ings of the 4th International ICSC Symposium on and research institutes were introduced to the results Engineering of Intelligent Systems. and prototypes of the project INERELA. June 15 to 17, Scenario Management International AG – 29. Februar – 2. März 2004, Funchal, Portugal, ICSC 2004, Nürnberg ScMI AG Academic Press, 2004 ScMI AG, founded in 1998, is a public limited compa- ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 ny for company future design and strategic company Scheideler, P.; Schmidt, A.: On the use of Case-Based A scalable PC-Cluster architecture for high polygo- management. ScMI AG supports companies and Working-Principles of Self-Optimization for Intelli- nally Augmented Reality implementations was pre- organisations in aligning to market and environment gent Shuttle Transportation Systems. In: Hamza, M. sented on the biggest Computergraphic-Congress of changes, developing visionary strategies as well as in (Hrsg.): Proceedings Artificial Intelligence and Appli- the world. August 8 to 12, 2004, Los Angeles the design and implementation of strategic manage- cations (AIA 2004). 16.–18. Februar 2004, Innsbruck, ment, innovations and forecast processes. Österreich, ACTA Press, Calgary, Canada, 2004 IAA – International Motor Show Commercial Source: http://www.scmi.de Vehicles 2004 Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI): Entwick- The Heinz Nixdorf Institute enthused 250000 visitors UNITY AG lungsmethodik für mechatronische Systeme. VDI- with an exhibit on the IAA International Motor Show UNITY AG was founded in 1995 as a public limited Richtlinie 2206, Beuth-Verlag, Berlin, 2004 Commercial Vehicles. The institute was represented by company for company management and information workgroup of Professor Gausemeier with a T5 Multi- technology. It develops strategies and processes for van Augmented Reality experimental platform. The industry and products that will capture the markets IAA was a great success for the main exhibitor: of the future. UNITY AG specializes in forward-look- “Berliner Kreis – Wissenschaftliches Forum für Pro- ing topics such as product innovation, virtual product duktentwicklung e.V.” September 22 to 30, 2004, development and the digital factory. Besides the two Trade Fair Hannover locations in Büren and Stuttgart, UNITY AG runs national companies in Switzerland and Egypt. Source: http://www.unity.de HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 95

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UNITY Solutions AG WZM20XX – Initiative for the Machine-Tool of Scenario Project: Domestic Appliances UNITY solutions AG was founded as a subsidiary of Tomorrow – Strategy, Transfer, Effect-Analysis Within the project, scenarios of markets and business UNITY AG in 2001. The consultancy offer includes The aim of the concomitant scheme to the environments were acquired for a leading producer process organization and all information and com- announcement “Werkzeugmaschine 2010” of of domestic appliances. Based on this, the strategic munication technology systems, which are currently the German Federal Ministry of Education and position is being reviewed. in use and which will be used in the future in modern Research (BMBF) is the development of a szenario- companies. UNITY solutions AG accompanies its cus- based instrument that supports the strategic Scenario Project IWKA Group tomers in the successful transition to a global infor- planning in small and medium-sized enterprises. Within the project, scenarios of markets and business mation society. The project is being accomplished in cooperation environments for the producers of wrapping Source: http://www.unity-solutions.de with the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Inno- machines were acquired. They provide a strategic vation Research (ISI). position for the customer and his associated and Supporting institution: BMBF holding companies. Current Research Projects Customer: IWKA AG AR-PDA - A digital assistant for VR/AR content. Mini Robot The AR-PDA is a hardware and software system for The product development of miniaturized mecha- Mechanical Construction of a Stereo-Lithography mobile devices, such as mobile phones or PDAs, tronic systems is to be supported by a development Tool which uses augmented reality technology to support environment. The development environment shall The aim was the conception of a prototype for a new consumers when purchasing and using domestic include procedure systematics, specification tech- stereo-lithography method. This included the formu- appliances. niques, methods and software-tools. In the range of lation of a catalog of requirements, the systematic Supporting institution: BMBF the project, a demonstrator is being developed as a development of alternative function structures and miniaturized robot and produced as a prototype, the formulation of multiple in-principle solutions. SFB 614: Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures in which, in a medium term, will serve as a research Customer: F &S Stereolithographietechnik GmbH Mechanical Engineering. platform for different tasks. The aim is to explore the basic principles and poten- Industry Analysis Air- and Air-Conditioning tial of self-optimization, to verify the results using a wearIT@work Technology demonstrator and to support development using a The project wearIT@work researches and develops The topic was the new positioning of the customer`s comprehensive development methodology. The facul- industrialy-suited Wearable-Computing-Solutions for business area. Therefore, air- and air-conditioning ty plays a leading role in the following subprojects the application fields of car production (Skoda), technology and competitors were analyzed. With the (SP): SP A2: Behaviour-based self-optimization; SP maintenance of helicopters (EADS), hospital care help of VITOSTRA, a conclusive strategic positioning B2: Design methodology; SP B3: Virtual prototyping. (gespag) and emergency intervention (the fire for the business area was aquired. Supporting institution: DFG department of Paris). It is nessessary for specialists of Customer: Company of air-conditioning technology this area to be supported directly in their working Integrative Specification of Distributed Control processes with extreme mobile, or in clothes integrat- Project Advance Development Systems for the Flexible Automated Manufacturing ed, information- and communication systems. The aim of the project was to upgrade customer (ISILEIT) Supporting institution: European Union innovation by building up an advance development. The purpose of the ISILEIT project is to develop Concepts were acquired, which allow, among other an integrated method for the design, the analysis things, to implement the processes of strategic prod- and the validation of distributed manufacturing Current Industry Co-Operations uct- and technology planning, which will enhance control systems. (DFG-SPP "Integration of software AR based prototyping in the vehicle pre-development the integration of product development and produc- specification techniques for engineering sciences Today, real prototypes are used to design new vehicle tion system development. applications"). models. However, in many cases, no complete real Customer: Producer of electronic components Supporting institution: DFG prototypes exist. Merely, partial components are available. Other components such as auto body and Potential Analysis of Laser Structuring Integrative development of spatial electronic interior equipment are just available as 3D-Models in The topic is the potential analysis of the technology components (INERELA) the computer. Via an AR-system, virtual vehicle parts laser structuring for products of the customer. This The aim is to provide a suitable environment for are shown on real vehicle prototypes to support includes the analysis of existing products in terms of developing spatial electronic components in selected reviews and to visualize design alternatives. their functionality, design and manufacturing tech- product classes (internal connection system, Customer: Volkswagen Nutzfahrzeuge AG nologies used. Based on the assumption analysis, microsensor technique, electro-optical systems). solution concepts are developed as well as recom- Supporting institution: BMBF A Visit Inside a Computer (BIC) mendations for action, which are based on the tech- The aim is to design and implement a multimedia nology of direct-laser structuring. New Rail Technology Paderborn (Rail Cab) VR-AR exhibit for explaining the operating mode of Customer: Producer of electronic components The aim of the project is to develop a new type of computers and the internet. rail system that unites modern travel way technology Customer: Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum Competence Analysis with the advantages of the Transrapid and the use Within the project, the competencies of the customer of existing rail lines. The activities focus on: develop- Conceptual Design in the Area of Motion Power and their potential for development were analyzed. ment and visualization of vehicle and railroad depot Engineering The aim is to present product and service innovations concepts. Within the project, new principle solutions for the to the customer, which are based on already existing Supporting institutions: State of North Rhine West- free wheel of synchronous pumps with defined rotat- as well as additional competencies. They turn to rec- phalia / University of Paderborn ing direction were aquired in cooperation with the ommendations for action for a strategic competitive client. Via the methods of TRIZ, common solutions positioning and for the required build-up of addition- Strategic Product and Process Planning (SPP) were analyzed. New principle solutions were devel- al competencies. SPP specifies the products and processes for the mar- oped and evaluated. Customer: Company of the automotive supply kets of tomorrow. The aim is to put small and medi- Customer: Hanning Elektro-Werke GmbH & Co.KG industry um-sized companies in a position to organize their strategic planning efficiently and to integrate this MANTYS – New Business Models for the Machine area in the management process. Tool Industry Supporting institution: BMBF Within the project, future scenarios for european producers and -users of machine tools were acquired. Virtual Nightdriver Customer: CECIMO – European Committee for Co- The aim is to visualize the light distribution from new operation of the Machine Tool Industries headlamp prototypes in realtime and to evaluate the results in the context of a night journey on a virtual test route in the simulator. Supporting institution: Lichtlabor (LLAB), Hella Leuchten-Systeme GmbH (HLS) HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 96

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Workgroup Computers and Society Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil-Slawik

Hampel, T.: Spatial Structuring of Virtual Knowledge Nowaczyk, O.: Explorationen und kooperative Explo- Publications Spaces – Bridging the Gap between Navigational rationen – interaktive Medien für die Ausbildung in Baumert, J.: StarOffice 4 Kids – Mitwachsende Soft- Maps and E-Learning. In: Uskov, V. (Hrsg.): Proceed- technischen Fächern. In: Engels, G.; Seehusen, S. ware im Einsatz. In: Keil-Slawik, R.; Selke, H.; Szwillus, ings of the Seventh IASTED International Conference (Hrsg.): DeLFI 2004 – Die 2. e-Learning Fachtagung G. (Hrsg.): Mensch & Computer 2004, Allgegenwär- on Computers and Advanced Technology in Educa- Informatik, GI-Edition, Lecture Notes in Informatics, tige Interaktion. München: Oldenbourg Verlag, 2004, tion, CATE 2004, August 16–18, Kauai, Hawaii, USA, 6.–8. September 2004, Paderborn, 399–400. 199–208. veröffentlicht auf CD-ROM 428–029. Schmidt, C.; Hampel, T.; Bopp, T.: We´ve got a mail! – Bertelt, K.; Geißler, S.; Hampel, T.: Semantisch-räum- Hampel, T.; Bopp, T.: sTeam – a Platform for Structur- Eine neue Qualität der Integration von Nachrichten- liche Strukturierung von Wissen – neue Qualitäten ing Information in Teams. Demonstration and Poster diensten in die kooperative Wissensorganisation. der kooperativen Wissenskonstruktion durch SVG. In: Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on In: Engels, G.; Seehusen, S. (Hrsg.): DeLFI 2004 – Engels, G.; Seehusen, S. (Hrsg.): DeLFI 2004 – Die 2. e- Hypertext and Hypermedia, Hypermedia 2004, Santa Die 2. e-Learning Fachtagung Informatik, GI-Edition, Learning Fachtagung Informatik, GI-Edition, Lecture Cruz, California, USA, August 9–13, 2004, 18–19. Lecture Notes in Informatics, 6.–8. September 2004, Notes in Informatics, 6.–8. September 2004, Pader- Paderborn, 211–222. born, 361–362. Hampel, T.; Bopp, T.: Szenarien kooperativen Lernens & Arbeitens über Servergrenzen hinweg. In: Engels, Schmidt, C.; Hampel, T.; Bopp, T.: We’ve Got Mail! – Bopp, T.; Hampel, T.: “Users and tools want to break G.; Seehusen, S. (Hrsg.): DeLFI 2004 – Die 2. e-Learn- A New Quality of Integrating E-Mail Services Into links” – a Novel Approach of Unbreakable Links in ing Fachtagung Informatik, GI-Edition, Lecture Notes Collaborative E-Learning Environments. To appear in: WWW-based Hypertext Environments. Demonstration in Informatics, 6.–8. September 2004, Paderborn, E-Learn 2004, World Conference on E-Learning in and Poster Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Confer- 363–364. Corporate, Government, Healthcare and Higher ence on Hypertext and Hypermedia, Hypermedia Education, Washington, DC, USA, November 2004. 2004, Santa Cruz, California, USA, August 9–13, Hampel, T.; Büse, D.; Ferber, F.; Xu, L.X.: Virtual Knowl- 2004, 46–47. edge Structuring and Videoconferencing in a Ger- man-Chinese Teaching and Research Cooperation Fairs/Conferences/Seminars Bopp, T.; Hampel, T.; Eßmann, B.: Connecting Virtual Project. To appear in: E-Learn 2004, World Confer- 3rd Paderborn eLearning Day Spaces – Shadow Objects as Key Elements for Weav- ence on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Demonstration of sTeam at the 3rd Paderborn ing the Cooperative Space. In: Sixth International Healthcare and Higher Education, Washington, DC, eLearning Day, Experiences Gained from the Use of Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, ICEIS USA, November 2004. New Media in Education, 6.1.2004, Paderborn. 2004, Porto, Portugal, April 14–17, 2004, 475–479. Hampel, T.; Geißler, S.; Bertelt, K.: Spatial Knowledge 1st Paderborner Airport Fair Eßmann, B.; Hampel, T.: A Whiteboard at Your Finger- Organization in Cooperative Learning Environments – Participation in the 1st Paderborner Airport Fair, tips – Automatic Configuration of e-Learning Services Combining Shared Whiteboard Technology with SVG. 22.1.2004, Paderborn. in Heterogeneous Network Environment. To appear To appear in: E-Learn 2004, World Conference on E- in: E-Learn 2004, World Conference on E-Learning in Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare and Learntec Karlsruhe Corporate, Government, Healthcare and Higher Higher Education, Washington, DC, USA, November Participation in Learntec, joint exhibition of the state Education, Washington, DC, USA, November 2004. 2004. of NRW, 10.–13.2.2004, Karlsruhe.

Eßmann, B.; Hampel, T.: Collaborative eLearning in Hampel, T.; Halbsgut, J.; Bopp, T.: Heterogeneous CeBIT 2004 in Hannover Real Places – Deploying Location Awareness for Face- Integration of Services into an open, standardized Participation in CeBIT, joint exhibition of the state of to-Face eLearning Support. To appear in: E-Learn Web Service, A Web Service-Based CSCW/L System. NRW, 18.–24.3.2004, Hannover. 2004, World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, In: Sixth International Conference on Enterprise Government, Healthcare and Higher Education, Information Systems, ICEIS 2004, Porto, Portugal, 3rd Computer Science Day NRW Washington, DC, USA, November 2004. April 14–17, 2004, 182–189. In a workshop at the 3rd Computer Science Day NRW organised by the GI SIG “Education in Computer Sci- Eßmann, B.; Hampel, T.; Bopp, T.: A Network Compo- Hampel, T.; Keil-Slawik, R.; Selke, H.: Semantische ence in NRW” together with the “Institute for Didac- nent Architecture for Collaboration in Mobile Set- Räume – Von der Navigation zur kooperativen tics of Computer Science and E-Learning” of tings. In: Sixth International Conference on Enterprise Wissensstrukturierung. In: Keil-Slawik, R.; Selke, H.; the University of Siegen, results from the project Information Systems, ICEIS 2004, Porto, Portugal, Szwillus, G. (Hrsg.): Mensch & Computer 2004, All- “StarOffice 4 Kids” were presented to interested April 14–17, 2004, 337–343. gegenwärtige Interaktion. München: Oldenbourg teachers. 29.03.2004, University of Siegen. Verlag, 2004, 221–230. Geißler, S.; Hampel, T.: Cooperative E-Learning – An Linux Days, Karlsruhe Approach for Combining Cooperative Learning Jeschke, S.; Keil-Slawik, R.: Next Generation in Participation in the Linux Days, 23.–26.6.2004, Processes with E-Learning Technologies. To appear in: eLearning Technology: Vom “Typografischen Objekt” Karlsruhe. E-Learn 2004, World Conference on E-Learning in zum “Ausführbaren Prozess.” In: Rebensburg, K. Corporate, Government, Healthcare and Higher (Hrsg.): “Grundlagen Multimedialen Lehrens und Mensch & Computer 2004 Education, Washington, DC, USA, November 2004. Lernens”. Alcatel SEL Stiftung für Kommunikations- Organisation and program chair of the joint confer- forschung, Books on Demand: ence “Mensch & Computer. 4. Fachübergreifende Geißler, S.; Hampel, T.; Keil-Slawik, R.: Vom virtuellen Norderstedt, 2004, 35–46. Konferenz. Allgegenwärtige Interaktion” and “DeLFI. Wissensraum zur Lernumgebung – Kooperatives 2. Deutsche e-Learning-Fachtagung Informatik der Lernen als integrativer Ansatz für eine medi- Keil-Slawik, R.; Baumert, J.: StarOffice 4 Kids: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.”, 5.–8.9.2004, engestützte Bildung. In: Henseler W.; Herczeg, M.; Mitwachsende Software für den lernenden Nach- Paderborn. Oberquelle, H.; Prinz, W.: i-com: Zeitschrift für inter- wuchs. ForschungsForum Paderborn, 7/2004, 18–22. aktive und kooperative Medien, Heft 2/2004, 5–12. Keil-Slawik, R.; Baumert, J.: StarOffice 4 Kids: Prizes/Awards Hampel, T.: Computer Supported Cooperative Mitwachsende Software für den lernenden Nach- Outstanding Paper Awards for two contributions Learning – a Set of Theses. In: Society for Information wuchs. PLAZ-Forum-Schriftenreihe Heft C-07-2004, The contributions of Geißler and Hampel as well as Technology and Teacher Education International 29–40. Eßmann, Hampel, Bleckmann, and Sprotte received Conference, Vol. 2004, Issue 1, 2004, 937–944. outstanding paper awards at the World Conference Keil-Slawik, R.; Selke, H.; Szwillus, G. (Hrsg.): Mensch on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, Hampel, T.: Virtuelle Wissensstrukturierung in einer & Computer 2004, Allgegenwärtige Interaktion. & Higher Education in Washington DC, USA. Deutsch-Chinesischen Lehr- und Forschungskoope- München: Oldenbourg Verlag, 2004. ration. In: Engelien, M.; Meißner, K. (Hrsg.): Virtuelle Organisation und Neue Medien 2004, Reihe: Telekommunikation @ Mediendienste, Lohmar, Köln: Josef Eul Verlag 2004, 187–198. HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 97

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opensTeam – Structuring of Information in a Team Additional Functions opensTeam is an Open Source approach to kooperative Reinhard Keil-Slawik knowledge organization. Infrastructures and methods · Co-editor of the journal “Erwägen – Wissen – Ethik” of structuring knowledge in groups, ranging from (Deliberation – Knowledge – Ethics) document management to e-Learning are being · Scientific Director of the “Education Quality Forum developed and evaluated. NRW” · Scientific Director of the “Sun Center of Excellence ERWIN _ Developing deliberation components for for Learning Technology” in Paderborn net-based discussions in virtual knowledge spaces · Member of the board of trustees of the research This interdisciplinary project brings together experi- programme “Lernkultur Kompetenzentwicklung” ences and results from deliberation culture and (Culture of Learning in the Development of Com- didactics with the concept of virtual knowledge petence) hosted by BMBF spaces. Deliberation methods will be further devel- · President of the advisory committee “Lernen im oped into tools and components for net-based dis- Netz und mit Multimedia (LiNe)” (Learning with the cussions in virtual knowledge spaces. Internet and Multimedia) hosted by BMBF · Speaker of the expert group on technology of the “Centrum für eCompetence in Hochschulen” Current Industry Co-operations (Centre for eCompetence in Universities) NRW StarOffice Software Entwicklung GmbH/kippdata · Member of the expert group on technology of the Informationstechnologie GmbH Virtual University Bavaria Goal of the co-operation is the development · Member of the advisory committee “Technologie- of a universal desktop through the Internet Zentrum Informatik” (TZI, Center of Technology of (StarOffice 4 Kids), where administration, Computer Science), University of Bremen application, and content are offered as services. · Member of the advisory committee of “IWF Wissen und Medien GmbH” (IWF Knowledge and Media), Sun Microsystems Göttingen For the first time Sun Microsystems has established · Member of the research group “Schule und a “Center of Excellence for Educational Technology” Computer” (Schools and Computers), Paderborn at the University of Paderborn. In this way, Sun · Member of the Jury ExaMedia NRW 2004 Microsystems honours the achievements of the workgroup “Computers and Society” in building and Thorsten Hampel operating infrastructures which support learning · Consultant for the Virtual University Bavaria activities. · Consultant for the Ministry of Science and Research NRW – Open Access Initiative Digital Weidmüller-Stiftung Peer Publishing NRW In co-operation with the district government in · Member of the expert group e-Learning for Detmold, a new platform is under development the CDTF (Chinese-German Technical Faculty) in for the realization and presentation of educational Qingdao, China projects (BID-OWL). · Member of the Jury for MEDIDA-PRIX of the GMW · Consultant for the German Federal Ministry of Unger, Welsow & Company GmbH Education and Research, Directorate University, Co-operation in areas of software ergonomics and Innovation and Reform of Studies web design in co-operation with other companies.

@FRIENDS GmbH & Co. KG Partner für Current Research Projects Kundenfindung und Kundenbindung BID-OWL Co-operation in the design of a user interface for the In the project “Bildung im Dialog – Ostwestfalen- telemarketing system “tele)data SQL” and consulting Lippe” (BID-OWL) an internet-based working environ- in the further development of the system. ment for educational use is being developed, which allows a knowledge management through the Inter- OWL Maschinenbau net and co-operative learning within and across Implementation of a cross-company platform for schools. knowledge management and regional e-Learning activities in mechanical engineering in Ostwestfalen Lernstatt Paderborn Lippe. Based on ultra thin client technology, a learning sup- portive IT infrastructure is installed for all schools InnoZent OWL within Paderborn. This infrastructure is universally Co-operation in the development of a regional accessible at all learning places while implementation e-Learning competence center and the analysis and and administration remain affordable on a long-term evaluation of an NRW-wide search engine for further basis. education, funded by the Ministry of Economy and Employment NRW. QuIC – Qualification in Internet Cafés at Schools The goal of the project is to combine new forms of a school related use of the Internet with new forms of qualification for girls and women.

StarOffice 4 Kids This project is concerned with the conception and realization of a server-centered and web-based software infrastructure for students and teachers providing a universal desktop through the Internet. HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 98

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Workgroup Algorithms and Complexity Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide

Klein, Jan; Zachmann, Gabriel: Point Cloud Collision Damerow, Valentina; Sohler, Christian: Smoothed Publications Detection. In: Computer Graphics Forum (Proceedings Number of Extreme Points under Uniform Noise. In: Klein, Jan; Krokowski, Jens; Fischer, Matthias; Wand, of EUROGRAPHICS 2004) 23 (2004), 30 August, Proceedings of the 20th European Workshop on Com- Michael; Wanka, Rolf; Meyer auf der Heide, Fried- Nr. 3, p. 567–576 putational Geometry (EWCG), 2004 helm: The Randomized Sample Tree: A Data Struc- ture for Externally Stored Virtual Environments. In: Ziegler, Martin: Computable operators on regular PRESENCE 13 (2004), December, Nr. 6. – The MIT sets. In: Mathematical Logic Quarterly (MLQ) 50 Fairs/Conferences/Seminars Press, to appear (2004), p. 392–404 Organization of the first meeting of all participants of the EU Project DELIS, Paderborn, March 2004 Klein, Jan; Zachmann, Gabriel: Point Cloud Surfaces Klein, Jan; Zachmann, Gabriel: Nice and Fast Implicit using Geometric Proximity Graphs. In: Computers and Surfaces over Noisy Point Clouds. In: SIGGRAPH 2004, Presentation of the project V:DRIVE at the booth Graphics 28 (2004), December, Nr. 6. – Elsevier, Sketches and Applications, 2004 of "Research Country North-Rhine Westfalia" to appear (Forschungsland NRW) at the CeBIT 2004 in Volbert, Klaus: Experimental Analysis of Adjustable Hannover Czumaj, Artur; Sohler, Christian: Sublinear-Time Sectorized Topologies for Static Ad Hoc Networks. In: Approximation for Clustering via Random Sampling. DIAL M-POMC 2004 Joint Workshop on Foundations Presentation of the storage management system In: Automata, Languages and Programming (ICALP), of Mobile Computing, 2004 V:DRIVE at the booth of CONET AG at the "Linux day" 2004 LNCS 3142 1, p. 396–407 in Karlsruhe, 2004 Schindelhauer, Christian; Volbert, Klaus; Ziegler, Krokowski, Jens; Räcke, Harald; Sohler, Christian; Martin: Spanners, Weak Spanners, and Power Presentation of the storage management system Westermann, Matthias: Reducing State Changes with Spanners. In: Proc. of 15th Annual International V:DRIVE at the booth of Novell/Suse at the "Linux- a Pipeline Buffer. In: Proceedings of the 9th Interna- Symposium on Algorithms and Computation World" fair in Frankfurt, 2004 tional Fall Workshop Vision, Modeling, and Visualiza- (ISAAC 04), 2004 tion, 2004 Leonardi, Stefano; Marchetti-Spaccamela, Alberto; Patents Bleckmann, Peter; Schomaker, Gunnar; Slowik, Adri- Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm: Scheduling Against Scheideler, C., Brinkmann, A., Salzwedel, K., an: Virtualization with Prefetching Abilities based on an Adversarial Network. In: Proc. 16th ACM Sympo- Meyer auf der Heide, F., Rückert, U.: iSCSI. In: Proceeding of International Workshop on sium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures Verfahren und Anordnung zur randomisierten Storage Network Architecture and Parallel I/O, ACM (SPAA 2004), 2004 Datenspeicherung in Speichernetzwerken und/oder Press, 2004, p. 40–47 einem Intranet und/oder dem Intranet sowie ein Bansal, Vikas; Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm; Sohler, entsprechendes Computerprogramm-Erzeugnis und Bleckmann, Peter; Böttcher, Stefan; Cesnavicius, E.; Christian: Labeling Smart Dust. In: 12th Annual Euro- ein entsprechendes computerlesbares Speicherme- Freitas Francisco, Andre L. de; Hollerung, Tim; Kühnel, pean Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2004), 2004 dium. AZ: DE 102 36 796 Birger; Jing Liu, Michelle; Obermeier, S.; Oberthür, Simon; Peter, Felix; Rammig, Franz; Schindelhauer, Klein, Jan; Zachmann, Gabriel: Proximity Graphs for Brinkmann, A., Scheideler, C., Meyer auf der Heide, Christian; Schomaker, Gunnar; Steenweg, Thorsten; Defining Surfaces over Point Clouds. In: Eurographics F., Rückert, U.:Verfahren und Anordnung zur Abas Tarar, Qamar; Tiemeyer, Marcel; Thürling, Adel- Symposium on Point-Based Grahics (SPBG'04), 2004, Verteilung von Datenblockmengen in Speichernetz- hard; Vater, Arne: The design of PaMaNet the Pader- p. 131–138 werken und/oder einem Datennetz sowie Computer- born mobile ad-hoc network. In: Proceedings of the programm-Erzeugnis und computerlesbares second international workshop on Mobility manage- Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm; Schindelhauer, Speichermedium. AZ: DE 10 2004 018 808 ment & wireless access protocols, ACM Press, 2004, Christian; Volbert, Klaus; Grünewald, Matthias: p. 119–121 Congestion, Dilation, and Energy in Radio Networks. Schomaker, G., Brinkmann, A., Meyer auf der Heide, In: Theory of Computing Systems 37 (2004), May, F., Rückert, U.: Verfahren zur Verwaltung von Damerow, Valentina; Sohler, Christian: Extreme Nr. 3, p. 343–370 Metainformationen zur Verteilung von Datenblöcken points under random noise. In: Proceedings of the über computerlesbare Speichermedien sowie 12th European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA), Brinkmann, André; Heidebuer, Michael; Meyer auf der Computerprogrammprodukt und computerlesbares pp. 264–274, 2004 Heide, Friedhelm; Rückert, Ulrich; Salzwedel, Kay; Speichermedium. AZ: DE 10 2004 046 243 Vodisek, Mario: V:Drive - Costs and Benefits of an Rührup, Stefan; Schindelhauer, Christian: Traffic Out-of-Band Storage Virtualization System. In: Pro- and Hop Efficient Position-based Routing using a ceedings of the 12th NASA Goddard, 21st IEEE Confer- Prizes/Awards Cell Structure / University of Paderborn. ence on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide together with 2004 (tr-rsfb-04-075). – Forschungsbericht (MSST). College Park, Maryland, USA, 13–16 April A. Brinkmann, C. Scheideler and U. Rückert received 2004, p. 153–157 the 3rd prize in the university contest "Patents Brinkmann, André; Salzwedel, Kay; Vodisek, Mario: Inventor" (Patente Erfinder) 2004" for the strategy A Case for Virtualized Arrays of RAID. In: Proceedings Bienkowski, Marcin; Korzeniowski, Miroslaw; Meyer "Redundant Share" of the International Workshop on Storage Network auf der Heide, Friedhelm: Fighting Against Two Architecture and Parallel I/Os SNAPI 2004. Antibes Adversaries: Page Migration in Dynamic Network. In: Rolf Wanka responded a call for a C3-professorship Juan-les-pins, France, 30 September 2004, p. 9–16 Proc. 16th ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algo- in computer science ("Efficient Algorithms and rithms and Architectures (SPAA 2004), 2004 Combinatorial Optimization") on Nov 1 2004 from Ziegler, Martin; Brattka, Vasco: Computability in the Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürn- linear algebra. In: Theoretical Computer Science 326 Mueck, Bengt; Dangelmaier, Wilhelm; Laroque, berg. (2004), p. 187–211 Christoph; Fischer, Matthias; Kortenjan, Michael: Guidance of Users in Interactive 3D-Visualisations of Christian Schindelhauer received 2004 the research Nüsken, Michael; Ziegler, Martin: Fast Multipoint Material Flow Simulations. In: Schulz, Thomas; award of the University of Paderborn "Development Evaluation of Bivariate Polynomials. In: Susanne Schlechtweg, Stefan; Hinz, Volkmar (Hrsg.): Simula- of a wireless, energy efficient sensor network for Albers; Radzik, Thomasz (Hrsg.): Proc. 12th Annual tion and Visualisation 2004. Magdeburg: SCS Euro- stocktaking exemplified in a retail shelf system" Symposium on Algorithms (ESA'04) Bd. 3221, pean Publishing House, 4–5 March 2004, p. 73–83 (Entwicklung eines drahtlosen, energieeffizienten Springer-Verlag, 2004 (Lecture Notes in Computer Sensornetzwerkes zur Füllstandsbestimmung am Science), p. 544–555 Czumaj, Artur; Sohler, Christian: Estimating the Beispiel eines Regalsystems im Einzelhandel) Weight of Metric Minimum Spanning Trees in Sublin- Salzwedel, Kay: Data Distribution Algorithms for ear Time. In: Proc. 36th ACM Symposium on Theory of Storage Networks. Universität Paderborn, Heinz Computing (STOC), 2004 Nixdorf Institut, Theoretische Informatik, 2004, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Bd. 153. – m20,00 ISBN 3-935433-62-X. 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Valentina Damerow Additional Functions · Manager of the EU-Integrated Project “Dynamically Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide: Evolving Large-scale Information Systems” (DELIS), · President of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute since October 2004 · Director of the DFG Collaborative Research Centre SFB 376 “Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms – Design Methods – Applications“ Current Research Projects · Initiator and Coordinator of the EU-Integrated DELIS Project “Dynamically Evolving Large-scale Infor- EU-Integrated Project “Dynamically Evolving Large- mation Systems” (DELIS) scale Information Systems” (DELIS) · Elected Reviewer of the DFG (German Research Supporting institution: European Union Foundation) · DFG Special Advisor (Vertrauensdozent) of the SFB-376 University of Paderborn DFG (German Research Foundation) Collaborative · Member of the Board of External Scientific Advisers Research Centre SFB 376 (Fachbeirat) of the Max-Planck-Institute for Com- “Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms – Design puter Science at Saarbrücken Methods – Applications” · Director of the NRW-Graduate School of Dynamic - Project SFB-376 A1 “Efficient Parallel Algorithms” Intelligent Systems (one of three directors) - Project SFB-376 A2 “Universal Basic Services” · Member of the Senate of the University of - Project SFB-376 C6 “Mobile Ad-hoc Networks” Paderborn - Part Z (general management) · Assistant Chairman of the Paderborn Institute for Supporting institution: DFG Scientific Computation (PaSCo) · Managing Editor of “Journal of Interconnection DFG-Netz Networks (JOIN)“, World Scientific Publishing DFG Priority Program 1126 “Algorithms for · Editor of the dblp series Information Processing Large and Complex Networks” with the project: Letters (IPL) “Algorithms for Large Dynamic Geometric Graphs” · Member of the program committee of the Interna- Supporting institution: DFG tional Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC) 2004 DFG-System · Member of the program committee of the 7th DFG Research Training Centre (postgraduate program) Workshop Parallel Systems and Algorithms (PASA) “Automatic Configuration in Open Systems” 2004 Supporting institution: DFG · Member of the program committee of the Interna- tional Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Com- Pasco-GK puter Science (STACS) 2005 DFG Research Training Centre (postgraduate program) “Scientific Computation” Christian Schindelhauer: Supporting institution: DFG · Member of the technical program committee of the Workshop "MobiHoc", 2005 G-School · Member of the program committee "Workshop on NRW Graduate School of Dynamic Intelligent Sensor Networks"; Workshop in the framework of Systems the 34th annual meeting of the society of GI ("German Association of Computer Science'') at the BAMSI University of Ulm, September 2004. Project “Benutzerunterstützte Analyse von Materi- · Member of the program committee of the ACM alflusssimulationen in virtuellen Umgebungen International Workshop on Mobility Management (BAMSI)” and Wireless Access Protocols (MobiWac 2004), on Supporting institution: DFG Algorithmic Aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks (AlgoSensors) 2004, Philadelphia, PA, USA PReSto · Member of the program committee of the First Transfer Project “Paderborn Realtime Storage International Workshop on Algorithmic Aspects Network (PReSto)” of Wireless Sensor Networks (AlgoSensors) 2004, Supporting institution: DFG Turku, Finland. · Member of the program committee of the Interna- GigaNetIC tional Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Com- Supporting institution: BMBF puter Science (STACS) 2004 · Exchange Coordinator of the partnership with DAAD funding within the IAS program for exchange Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, since October with Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada 2004

Rolf Wanka: Current Industry Co-operations · Co-Chair of the Special Interest Group on Parallel In cooperation with the Infineon Technologies AG and Distributed Algorithms of the “Gesellschaft für (Munich), the BMBF project GigaNetIC aims at devel- Informatik (GI)” (German Association of Computer oping super fast low-loss digital MOS circuit tech- Science) nologies and systems for communication and net- · Foreign Relationship Officer of the Institute of work application. The main focus of our activities is Computer Science on basic techniques for system-on-a-chip architec- · Exchange Coordinator of the partnership with tures with special emphasis on communication pro- Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, since October tocol. Other participants in Paderborn are the 2004 research groups of Prof. Ulrich Rückert and Prof. Uwe · Manager of the EU-Integrated Project “Dynamically Kastens. Evolving Large Scale Information Systems” (DELIS), until October 2004 HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 100

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Workgroup Design of Distributed Embedded Systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

Dittmann, F.; Rettberg, A.; Lehmann, T.; Zanella, M.: Gausemeier, J.; Müller, W.; Bauch, J.; Radkowski, W.; Publications Invariants for Distributed Local Control Elements of a Shen, T.; Paelke, V.: Lösungselement-basiertes Virtual Beier, D.; Fründ, J.; Matysczok, C.; Reimann, C.; Rosen- New Synchronous Bit-Serial Architecture. In Second Prototyping von Selbstoptimierenden Mechatronis- bach, W.; Stichling, D.: AR-PDA: Ein mobiles Produkt- IEEE International Workshop on Electronic Desing, chen Systemen in Virtual Reality. In Proceedings of präsentationssystem, In Keil-Slawik, R.; Selke, H.; Test and Applications (DELTA 2004). Perth, Western the Simulation and Visualisation 2004, Magdeburg. Szwillus, G. (Eds.): Mensch & Computer 2004: Allge- Australia, p. 245-250, 28–30 Jan 2004 Erlangen: SCS European Publishing House, 2004 genwärtige Interaktion, Oldenbourg Verlag, 2004 Dittmann, F.; Rettberg, A.: A Self-Controlled And Geiger, Ch.; Schmidt, T.; Stöcklein, J.: Rapid Develop- Beier, D.; Fründ, J.; Matysczok, C.; Reimann, C.; Rosen- Dynamically Reconfigurable Architecture. In Kleinjo- ment of Expressive AR Applications. In IEEE and ACM bach, W.; Stichling, D.: Einsatz der Technologie Aug- hann, B.; Gao, G.R.; Kopetz, H.; Kleinjohann, L.; Ret- International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented mented Reality zur Präsentation technischer Produk- tberg, A. (Eds.): Proceedings of IFIP Working Confer- Reality IEEE Computer Society, 2004 te. In Müller, S.; Brunnett, G.; Goebel, M. (Eds.): ence on Distributed and Parallel Embedded Systems 1. Workshop Erweiterte und Virtuelle Realität (DIPES'04). Toulouse, France: Kluwer Academic Pub- Geiger, Ch.; Schmidt, T.; Stöcklein, J.: Entwicklung GI-Fachgruppe AR/VR, Technische Universität lishers, 23–26 Aug 2004 virtueller Kreaturen in 3D- und AR-Umgebungen. In Chemnitz, 27–28 Sep 2004 Virtuelle und Erweiterte Realität, 1. Workshop der GI- Ecker, W.; Esen, V; Steininger, T.; Zambaldi, M.: Mem. Fachgruppe VR/AR, Shaker Verlag, 2004 Bleckmann, P.; Bötcher, S.; Cesnavicius, E.; Freitas Models for the Formal Verification of Assembler Code Francisco, Andre L. de; Hollerung, T.; Kühnel, B.; Jing Using Bounded Model Checking. In ISORC. Vienna, Geiger, Ch.; Stöcklein, J.; Schmidt, T.: Entwicklung Liu, M.; Obermeier, S.; Oberthür, S.; Peter, F.; Rammig, 2004 physikbasierter AR_Anwendungen mit Java. In Aug- F.; Schindelhauer, Ch.; Schomaker, G.; Steenweg, T.; mented & Virtual Reality in der Produktentstehung Abas Tarar, Q.; Tiemeyer, M.; Thürling, A.; Vater, A.: The El-Kebbe, D.: On Satisfying Real-Time Constraints in Bd. 149, Heinz Nixdorf Institute, University Paderborn, design of PaMaNet the Paderborn mobile ad-hoc net- Real-Time Manufacturing Systems. In Proceedings of 2004 work. In: Proceedings of the second international the 11th Symposium on Information Control Problems workshop on Mobility management & wireless access in Manufacturing. Salvador, Brasil, Apr 2004 Gerling, J.; Danne, K.; Bobda, Ch.; Schrage, J.: protocols, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 2004 Distributed arithmetics for recursive convolution Flake, S.: Towards the Completion of the Formal of optical intercannects. In EOS Topical Meeting, Bleul, S.; Müller, W.; Schäfer, R.: Multimodal Dialog Semantics of OCL 2.0. In 27th Conference on Aus- Optics in Computing (OIC), p. 65–66, Engelberg Description for Mobile Devices, Italy, Gallipoli, 2004 tralasian Computer Science (ACSC 2004), Dunedin, (Switzerland), Apr 2004 New Zealand, Bd. 26(1), Australian Computer Science Bobda, Ch.; Danne, K.; Ahmadinia, A.; Teich, J.: Gener- Society, Sydney, Australia (ACM International Confer- Giese, H.; Oberthür, S.; Potthast, Ch.; Redenius, A.; ation of Distributed Arithmetic Designs for Reconfig- ence Proceeding Series, Australian Computer Science Tichy, M.; Vöcking, H.; Witting, K.: Bericht des Arbeit- urable Applications, In ARCS 2004 Organic and Perva- Communications), p. 73–82, Jan 2004 skreises Sicherheit und Stabilität. Sonderforschungs- sive Computing, Workshop Proceedings Bd. P–41. bereich 614 - Selbstoptimierende Systeme des Bonn, Köllen Verlag, 26 Mar 2004 Flake, S.: Enhancing the Message Concept of the Maschinenbaus. In: Arbeitskreis Sicherheit und Stabil- Object Constraint Language. In Sixteenth Internation- ität University Paderborn, 2004 Burmester, S.; Gehrke, M.; Giese, H.; Oberthür, S.: al Conference on Software Engineering and Knowl- Making Mechatronic Agents Resource-Aware to edge Engineering (SEKE 2004), Banff, Canada, Knowl- Götz, M.: Dynamic Hardware-Software Codesign of a Enable Safe Dynamic Resource Allocation. In Fourth edge Systems Institute, Skokie, USA, 20–24 Jun 2004 Reconfigurable Real-Time Operating System. In Inter- ACM International Conference on Embedded Soft- national Conference on Reconfigurable Computing ware (EMSOFT'2004), 2004 Flake, S.; Müller, W.: Past- and Future-Oriented Tem- and FPGAs 2004 (ReConFig04), Mexican Society of poral Time-Bounded Properties with OCL. In Software Computer Science, SMCC, p. 330–339, 20–21 Sep Böke, C.: Automatic Configuration of Real-Time Oper- Engineering and Formal Methods (SEFM 2004), Bei- 2004 ating Systems and Real Time Communication Sys- jing, China, Sep 2004, IEEE Computer Society Press, tems for Distributed Embedded Applications. Univer- 2004 Heimfarth, T.; Rettberg, A.: NanoOS – Reconfigurable sity Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institute, HNI-Verlagss- Operating System for Embedded Mobile Devices. In chriftenreihe Bd. 142., 2004 Flake, S.; Müller, W.: An ASM Definition of the International Workshop on Dependable Embedded Dynamic OCL 2.0 Semantics. In UML 2004, Lisbon, Systems (WDES). Florianopolis, Brazil, 17 Oct 2004 Bücker, M.; Gerling, J.; Keller, U.; Brahm, M.: Imped- Portugal, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer anzberechnung flächiger Versorgungssysteme Science, Oct 2004 Ihmor, S.; Hardt, W.: Runtime Reconfigurable Inter- beliebiger Berandung. In 12. Internationale Fachmesse faces – The RTR-IFB Approach, to appear. In Proceed- und Kongress für elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit Flake, S.; Müller, W.: Past- and Future-Oriented Time- ings of the 11th Reconfigurable Architectures Work- (EMV 2004). Düsseldorf (Germany), 10–12 Feb 2004 Bound Tempral Properties with OCL. In Proceedings of shop (RAW'04) IEEE Computer Society, 2004 the SEFM´04, Beijing, China. 2004 Danne, K.: Operating Systems for FPGA Based Com- Jensen, P.; Ecker, W.; Kruse, T.; Zambaldi, M.: puters and Their Memory Management. In ARCS 2004 Flake, S.; Pape, U.; Ruf, J.; Müller, W.: Specification SystemVerilog: Interface based Design. In FDL. Lille, Organic and Pervasive Computing, Workshop Pro- and Formal Verification of Temporal Properties of France, 15–17 Sep 2004 ceedings Bd. P–41. Bonn: Köllen Verlag (GI-Edition Production Automation Systems. In Final Documenta- Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI)), 26 Mar 2004 tion of the DFG Focus Area Programme 1064. Kardos, M.: Model Checking AsmL Specifications, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004 2004. – In 11th Workshop on Abstract State Machines, Danne, K.: Memory Management to Support Multi- ASM 2004, Lutherstadt Wittenberg, tasking on FPGA Based Systems. In Proceedings of Freitas Francisco, A. L. de; Rettberg, A.; Hennig, A.: Germany, 24–28 May 2004 the International Conference on Reconfigurable Hardware Design and Protocol Specification for the Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig04), Mexican Society Control and Communication within a Mechatronic Kardos, M.; Rammig, F.J.: Model Based Formal Verifi- of Computer Science, SMCC, 20–21 Sep 2004 System. In Kleinjohann, B.; Gao, G.R.; Kopetz, H.; cation of Distributed Production Control Systems. In Kleinjohann, L.; Rettberg, A. (Eds.): Proceedings of IFIP Ehrig, Hartmut (Ed.): Integration of Software Specifi- Danne, K.: Distributed Arithmetic FPGA Design with Working Conference on Distributed and Parallel cation Techniques for Applications in Engineering. Online Scalable Size and Performance. In Proceedings Embedded Systems (DIPES'04). Toulouse: Kluwer Aca- Springer Verlag, LNCS 3147, p. 451–473, 2004 of 17th SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND demic Publishers, 23–26 Aug 2004 SYSTEMS DESIGN (SBCCI04), ACM Press, New York, Kardos, M.; Zhao, Y.: Verification framework for UML- NY, USA, pp. 135-140, 7–11 Sep 2004 Gausemeier, J.; Müller, W.; Bauch, J.; Radkowski, W.; based Design of Embedded Systems. In Proc. of IFIP Shen, T.; Paelke, V.: Virtual Prototyping Of Self-Opti- Working Conference on Distributed and Parallel Danne, K.; Bobda, Ch.: Dynamic Reconfiguration of mizing Mechatronic Systems. In Tagungsband der Embedded Systems (DIPES 2004), 2004 Distributed Arithmetic Controllers: Design Space Design 2004 (Dubrovnik). Zagreb: Sveucilisna Tiskara, Exploration and Trade-off Analysis. In Proceedings of 2004 the 11th Reconfigurable Architectures Workshop (RAW'04), to appear IEEE Computer Society, 2004 HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 101

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Kleinjohann, B.; Gao, G.R.; Kopetz, H.; Kleinjohann, L.; Oberthür, S.; Böke, C.: Flexible Resource Management Schattkowsky, T.; Loeser, Ch.; Müller, Wo.: Peer-To- Rettberg, A.: Design Methods and Applications for - A framework for self-optimizing real-time systems. Peer Technology for Interconnecting Web Services in Distributed Embedded Systems. Kluwer Academic In Kleinjohann, B.; Gao, G.R.; Kopetz, H.; Kleinjohann, Heterogeneous Networks. In Proceedings of the Publishers. – Proceedings of the 18th IFIP World L.; Rettberg, A. (Eds.): Proceedings of IFIP Working AINA'04, Yokohama, Japan, IEEE CS Press, 2004 Computer Congress – Stream on Distributed and Conference on Distributed and Parallel Embedded Parallel Embedded Systems (DIPES 2004), Toulouse, Systems (DIPES'04), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Schattkowsky, T.; Loeser, Ch.; Müller, Wo.: Peer-to- France, Aug 2004 23–26 Aug 2004 Peer-based Web Services for Collaborative Engineer- ing Environments. In Proceedings of the ICN'04, Koch, M.; Kleinjohann, B.; Schmidt, A.; Scheideler, P.; Oesterdiekhoff, B.: Internet Premium Services for Guadeloupe, France. 2004 Münch, E.; Gambuzza, A.; Oberschelp, O.; Hestermeyer, Flexible Format Distributed Devices. In Proceedings of T.: Neuro-Fuzzy Approaches for Self-Optimizing Con- IFIP Working Conference on Distributed and Parallel Schattkowsky, T.; Müller, W.: Model-Based Specifica- cepts and Structures of Mechatronic Systems. In Embedded Systems (DIPES'04). Toulouse, France: tion and Execution of Embedded Real-Time Systems. International Conference on Computing, Communi- Kluwer Academic Publishers, 23–26 Aug 2004 (Interactive Presentation). In Proceedings of the cations and Control Technologies (CCCT 2004). Austin, DATE04, Paris. 2004 Texas, Aug 2004 Oesterdiekhoff, B.: Transcoding von Webinhalten. In Informatik Spektrum 27, Nr. 5, p. 448–452, 2004 Schattkowsky, T.; Müller, W.: Model-Based Design of Koch, M.; Kleinjohann, B.; Schmidt, A.; Scheideler, P.; Embedded Systems. In Proceedings of the ISORC04, Saskevic, A.; Münch, E.; Gambuzza, A.; Oberschelp, O.; Petry Ligocki, N.; Rettberg, A.; Hennig, A.; Freitas F., Vienna. 2004 Hestermeyer, T.: Neuro-Fuzzy Approaches for Self- Andre L. de: Towards a Modular Communication Schattkowsky, T.; Müller, W.: Model-Based Design of Optimizing Concepts and Structures of Mechatronic System for FPGAs. In Second IEEE International Embedded Systems. In Proceedings of the ISORC'04, Systems. Günne, May 2004 Workshop on Electronic Desing, Test and Applications Vienna. 2004 (DELTA 2004). Perth, Western Australia, Koch, M.; Oberschelp, O.: Simulation of self optimiz- 28–30 Jan 2004 Schattkowsky, T.; Müller, W.g; Pawlak, A.: Workflow ing mechatronical systems with expert system knowl- Management Middleware for Secure Distance-Span- edge. In Asian Control Conference (ASCC 2004). Pham Van, T.: Intelligent CAC and Routing for Multi- ning Collaborative Engineering. In Fischer, L. (Ed.): Melbourne, Australia, Jul 2004 Point Connections. In Proceedings of the 5th Interna- Workflow Handbook 2004. Lighthouse Point, FL, tional Conference on Communications in Computing. USA: WfMC, 2004 Krupp, A.; Müller, W.; Oliver, I.: Formal Refinement Las Vegas, NV, USA, p. 194-200, 21–24 Jun 2004 and Model Checking of An Echo Cancellation Unit. In Schattkowsky, T.; Rettberg, A.: UML for FPGA Synthe- Proceedings of the DATE04 Designers' Forum, Paris. Rammig, F.J.: Autonomic Distributed Real-Time Sys- sis. In Proceedings of the UML for SoC Design Work- 2004 tems: Challenges and Solutions. In 7th International shop. San Diego, CA, 6 Jun 2004 Symposium on Object-oriented Real-time Distributed Krupp, A.; Müller, W.; Oliver, I.: Combining Formal Computing, ISORC 2004 IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Stappert, F.: From Low-Level to Model-Based and Refinement and Model Checking for Analysis of Real- Computer Society Press, 12–14 May 2004 Constructive Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis. time Systems. In Grimm, Ch. (Ed.): Best of FDL'03. University Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institute, C-LAB Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004 Rammig, F.J.: Perspektiven der Mechatronik - Publication Bd. 17, 2004 Entwicklungspotenziale für die Informatik. In Gause- Krupp, A.; Müller, W.; Oliver, I.: Refinement of Finite meier, Jürgen; Wallaschek, Jörg (Eds.): Intelligente Stappert, F.: Petri Net Level WCET Analysis. In 4th Intl State Machines with Complementary Model Check- mechatronische Systeme Bd. 145 (HNI-Verlagss- Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) ing. In Mermet, J. (Ed.): UML-B System Specification chriftenreihe), p. 3–14, 2004 Analysis; in conjunction with the 16th Euromicro for Proven Electronic Design, Kluwer Academic Pub- Conference on Real-Time Systems. Catania, Sicily, lishers, 2004 Rettberg, A.; Dittmann, F.; Lehmann, T.; Zanella, M.C.: Jun–Jul 2004 A New High-Level Synthesis Approach of a Synchro- Krupp, A.; Müller, W.; Oliver, I.: The Echo Cancellation nous Bit-Serial Architecture. In Stoffel, D.; Kunz, W. Voros, N.; Müller, W.; Snook, C.: Introduction to Unit Case Study. In Mermet, J. (Ed.): UML-B System (Eds.): Methoden und Beschreibungssprachen zur Formal Methods: How They Apply to Embedded Specification for Proven Electronic Design, Kluwer Modellierung und Verifikation von Schaltungen und Systems. In Mermet, J. (Ed.): UML-B System Specifi- Academic Publishers, 2004 Systemen. Aachen: Shaker Verlag, p. 34–43, 2004 cation for Proven Electronic Design, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004 Löser, Ch.; Ditze, M.; Rammig, F.J.; Altenbernd, P.: Rettberg, A.; Dittmann, F.; Zanella, M.C.; Lehmann, T.: GRUSEL – A Self-optimizing Bandwidth-aware Video MACT - A Reconfigurable Pipeline Architecture. In Zambaldi, M.; Ecker, W.; Henftling, R.: A Tester-Relat- on Demand Application. In: Proceedings of the 1st Siemens ICM MP CTO TI, Technology and Innovation: ed Simulation Environment. In GI/ITG/GMM. Dresden, IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Com- Technologies-to-Watch. Munich, Germany, No. 21, 29 Feb–2 Mar 2004 puting (ICAC-2004). New York, 2004 p. 15–17, Aug 2004 Zambaldi, M.; Ecker, W.: Ein orthogonales Schema Meisel, A.; Visarius, M.; Hardt, W.; Ihmor, S.: Self- Rust, C.; Grünewald, M.: Petri Net Based Design of a für die Klassifikation der Modellierungsabstraktion Reconfiguration of Communication Interfaces. In RSP, Multi-Robot Scenario - A Case Study. In IEEE Interna- von digitalen Systemen. In GI/ITG/GMM. 15th International Workshop on Rapid System Proto- tional Conference on Systems, Man and Kaiserslautern, 24–25 Feb 2004 typing, IEEE Computer Society Press, 2004 Cybernetics(SMC). The Hague, The Netherlands, 10–13 Oct 2004 Zambaldi, M.; Ecker, W.: Extending the RASSP model Müller, W.; Paelke, V.: A Formal Model of a Framework for Verification. In Proceedings of the FDL. Lille, for Simulation-Based Animation. In Proceedings of Rust, C.; Rammig, F.J.: A Petri Net Based Approach for France, 15 Aug–17 Sep 2004 the Simulation and Visualisation 2004, Magdeburg. the Design of Dynamically Modifiable Embedded Sys- Erlangen: SCS European Publishing House, 2004 tems. In Kleinjohann, Bernd (Ed.): Design Methods Zambaldi, M.; Ecker, W.: How to bridge the gap and Applications for Distributed Embedded Systems between simulation and test. In Proceedings of the Müller, W.; Schäfer, R.; Bleul, S.: Interactive Multi- IFIP WG 10.5, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Proc. IFIP ITC. Charlotte, NC, 26–29 Oct 2004 modal User Interfaces for Mobile Devices. In Tagungs- TC 10 Conference DIPES 2004, 23–26 Aug 2004 band der HICCS-37, Waikoloa, HI, USA. 2004 Zambaldi, M.; Ecker, W.; Henftling, R.; Bauer, M.: A Rust, C.; Rettberg, A.: Automatic Synthesis of Sys- Layered Adaptive Verification Platform for Simulation, Müller, W.; Zambaldi, M.; Ecker, W.; Kruse, T..: The temC-Code from Formal Specifications. In Kleinjo- Test, and Emulation. In: IEEE Design & Test of Com- Formal Simulation Semantics of SystemVerilog. In hann, B.; Gao, G.R.; Kopetz, H.; Kleinjohann, L.; Ret- puters, 2004 Proceedings of the FDL. Lille, France, 15–17 Sep 2004 tberg, A. (Eds.): Proceedings of IFIP Working Confer- ence on Distributed and Parallel Embedded Systems Zhao, Y.: LTL's Intuitive Representations and Its (DIPES'04). Toulouse: Kluwer Academic Publishers, Automaton Translation. In Proc. of IFIP Working Con- 23–26 Aug 2004 ference on Distributed and Parallel Embedded Sys- tems (DIPES 2004), 2004 HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 102

102 Workgroups

· TP2R2 Fairs/Conferences/Seminars Additional Functions Temporal Placement and Temporal Partitioning Colloquium of DFG Priority Program Reconfigurable · Member of Nordrhein-Westfälische Akademie der rekonfigurierbarer Rechensysteme Computing, Gräfliches Parkhotel Bad Driburg, Wissenschaften (F.J. Rammig) Supporting institution: DFG 1/2 July 2004. · Member of acatec (F. J. Rammig) · TEReCS · University-sided Chair of the C-LAB (F.J. Rammig) Design of Customizable Real-Time Communication International UML Workshop for SoC Design at · Member of the Paderborn International Graduate Systems Design Automation Conference in San Diego, School on Dynamic Intelligent Systems Committee Supporting institution: DFG USA, 7–11 June 2004 (F.J. Rammig) · ISILEIT · Member of Advisory Council of the Paderborn Integrated Specification of Distributed Control IFIP Working Conference on Distributed and Parallel Center for Parallel Computing (F.J. Rammig) Systems in Flexible Automated Manufacturing Embedded Systems (DIPES), Toulouse, France, 23–26 · Chair IFIP TC 10 (F.J. Rammig) Supporting institution: DFG August 2004 · Member of IFIP Working Group 10.5 (F.J. Rammig) · EVENTS · Member of GI FB 3 (F.J. Rammig) New Computer Vision Techniques and Real-Time · Member of GI/RSS/ITG Steering Committee Approaches for Innovative Image Inter-polation for Patents (F.J. Rammig) Multi-View Presentations of TV Transmissions in Selbststeuernde rekonfigurierbare bit-serielle · Chair of IFIP WG 10.5 SIG ES (B. Kleinjohann) Wide Scenarios Pipelinearchitektur (self-controlled reconfigurable · Program Chair IEEE & SBC SBCCI 2004 (F.J. Rammig) Supporting institution: EU bit-serial pipeline architecture) 10308510; A. Rettberg, · Vernetzte Mobile Systeme T. Lehmann, M. C. Zanella and Ch. Bobda Förderinstitution: Stiftung Westfalen Current Research Projects · SFB 376 Tp. B1 Prizes/Awards Design Methods for Massively Parallel Real-Time Current Industry Co-operations "Xilinx Best Paper Award" at ReConFig04, Culima, Systems Architectural Investigations (dSPACE) Mexico (K. Danne) Supporting institution: DFG · SFB 614 Tp. B1 "Best Reconfigurable Computing Paper” at Design Techniques Visit by Researchers ReConFig04, Culima, Mexico (M. Götz) Supporting institution: DFG · Prof. Dr. PCP Bhatt, Indian Institute of Information · SFB 614 Tp. C2 Technology, Bangalore, India (May – June 2004) RTOS for Self-Optimizing Systems · Dr. Jean-Claude Laprie, LAAS Toulouse (May 2004) Supporting institution: DFG · Prof. Dr. Udo Kebschull, University Leipzig (July 2004)

Workgroup System and Circuit Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert

Grünewald, M.; Niemann, J.-C.; Porrmann, M.; Rück- of Reconfigurable Systems and Algorithms (ERSA ’04), Publications ert, U.: A mapping strategy for resource-efficient net- Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, June 21–24, 2004, pp. 70–76. Grünewald, M.; Niemann, C.-H.; Porrmann, M.; Rück- work processing on multiprocessor SoCs. In Proceed- ert, U.: A framework for design space exploration of ings of DATE: Design, Automation and Test in Europe, Witkowski, U.; Rückert, U.: Pattern Synchronization resource efficient network processing on multiproces- CNIT La Défense, Paris, France, 16–20 February 2004, for Associative Memory in pulse coded Neural Net- sor SoCs. In: Network Processor Design: Issues and pp. 758–763. works. In: IEEE 47th Midwest Symposium on Circuits Practices, Vol. 3, chapter 12, Morgan Kaufmann Pub- and Systems, Bd. 2, Hiroshima, Japan, 25–28 July lisher, 2004. Kalte, H.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.: Leistungsbewer- 2004, pp. 381–384. tung unterschiedlicher Einbettungsvarianten Iske, B.; Jäger, B.; Rückert, U.: A Ray-Tracing Approach dynamisch rekonfigurierbarer Hardware. In Workshop Beiu, V.; Rückert, U.; Roy, S.; Nyathi, J.: On Nanoelec- for Simulating Recognition Abilities of Active Infrared Proceedings: ARCS 2004 – Organic and Pervasive tronic Architectural Challenges and Solutions. Sensor Arrays. In: IEEE Sensors Journal 4 (2004), April, Computing, GI-Edition Lecture Notes in Informatics Accepted In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Nr. 2, pp. 237–247. (LNI), Augsburg, March 26, 2004, pp. 235–244. Nanotechnology IEEE NANO 2004, München, August 17–19, 2004. Kalte, H.; Kettelhoit, B.; Köster, M.; Porrmann, M.; Brinkmann, A.; Heidebuer, M.; Meyer auf der Heide, F.; Rückert, U.: A System Approach for Partially Recon- Rückert, U.; Salzwedel, K.; Vodisek, M.: V:Drive – Costs Griese, B.; Vonnahme, E.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.: figurable Architectures. In: International Journal of and Benefits of an Out-of-Band Storage Virtualiza- Hardware Support for Dynamic Reconfiguration in Embedded Systems (IJES), Inderscience Publisher, tion System. In Proceedings of the 12th NASA God- Reconfigurable SoC Architectures. In Proceedings of 2004. dard, 21st IEEE Conference on Mass Storage Systems the 14th International Conference on Field Program- and Technologies (MSST), College Park, Maryland, mable Logic and its Applications (FPL2004), Antwerp, Loeser, C; Brinkmann, A; Rückert, U.: Distributed Path USA, 13–16 April 2004, pp. 153–157. Belgium, 30 August–1 September, 2004, pp. 842–846. Selection (DPS) - A Traffic Engineering Protocol for IP-Networks. In Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii Inter- Kalte, H.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.: System-on- Franzmeier, M.; Pohl, C.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.: national Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Big Programmable-Chip Approach Enabling Online Fine- Hardware Accelerated Data Analysis. In Proceedings Island, Hawaii, USA, January 2004, pp. 205–212. Grained 1D-Placement. In: 11th Reconfigurable of the 4th International Conference on Parallel Com- Architectures Workshop (RAW 2004), Santa Fé, puting in Electrical Engineering (PARALEC 2004), Grünewald, M.; Niemann, J.-C.; Porrmann, M.; Rück- New Mexico, USA, April 26 and 27, 2004, pp. 141. Dresden, Germany, September 7–10, 2004, ert, U.: A framework for design space exploration of pp. 309–314. resource efficient network processing on multiproces- Kalte, H.; Köster, M; Kettelhoit, B; Porrmann, M; Rück- sor SoCs. In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on ert, U: A Comparative Study on System Approaches Grünewald, M.; Kastens, U.; Le, D. K.; Niemann, J.-C.; Network Processors & Applications, Madrid, Spain, for Partially Reconfigurable Architectures. Proceed- Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.; Thies, Michael; Slowik, February 14–15, 2004, pp. 87–101. ings of the International Conference on Engineering Adrian: Network Application Driven Instruction Set HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 103

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Extensions for Embedded Processing Clusters. In Pro- Brinkmann, A.; Salzwedel, K.; Vodisek, M.: A Case for ceedings of the 4th International Conference on Paral- Virtualized Arrays of RAID. In: Proceedings of the Additional Functions lel Computing in Electrical Engineering (PARELEC International Workshop on Storage Network Archi- · Director of the DFG Graduate College “Automatic 2004), Dresden, Germany, September 7–10, 2004, tecture and Parallel I/Os SNAPI 2004. Antibes Juan- Configuration in Open Systems” pp. 209–214. les-pins, France, 30 September 2004, pp. 9–16. · Associate Dean of the Faculty for Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematics Vonnahme, E.; Griese, B.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.: Hagen, G.; Niemann, J.-C.; Porrmann, M.; Sauer, C.; · Member of the “International Graduate School of Dynamic reconfiguration of real-time network inter- Slowik, A.; Thies, M.: Developing an IP-DSLAM Bench- Dynamic Intelligent Systems” Committee faces. In Proceedings of the 4th International Confer- mark for Network Processor Units. In: ANCHOR 2004, · Member of the Advisory Council of the C-LAB ence on Parallel Computing in Electrical Engineering Advanced Networking and Communications Hard- · Member of the Advisory Council of the L-LAB (PARELEC 2004), Dresden, Germany, September 8–10, ware Workshop, held in conjunction with the 31st · Member of the Advisory Council of the PC2 (Pader- 2004, pp. 376–379. Annual International Symposium on Computer Archi- born Center for Parallel Computing) tecture (ISCA 2004), Munich, Germany, 2004. · Member of the Advisory Council of the PaSCo Witkowski, U.; Chinapirom, T.; Du, J.; Rückert, U.; (Paderborn Institute for Scientific Computation) Manolov, O.: Cooperating autonomous and mobile Meyer auf der Heide, F.; Schindelhauer, C.; Volbert, K.; · Chairman of the Special Interest Group “Mikroelek- minirobots in dynamic environments. In Proceedings Grünewald, M.: Congestion, Dilation, and Energy in tronik neuronaler Netze” of the ITG (Information International Federation of Automatic Control – IFAC Radio Networks. In: Theory of Computing Systems 37 Technology Society) – DECOM-TT 2004. Bansko, Bulgaria, 3–5 October, (2004), May, Nr. 3, S. 343–370. · Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Information Techno- 2004, pp. 277–282. logy, QUT, Brisbane, Australia Holdgrewe, K.: Bedieneradaptive Systeme – Lernen Vonnahme, E.; Griese, B.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.: vom Fahrer. Dissertation. Universität Paderborn, 2004. Dynamische Rekonfiguration echtzeitfähiger Netz- Spin-Offs werkschnittstellen. In Proceedings VDE Kongress 2004 Iske, B.: Modellierung und effiziente Nutzung aktiver Oak Technology GmbH, eine Zoran Inc. Company – ITG Fachtagung Ambient Intelligence, VDE Verlag, Infrarotsensorik in autonomen Systemen. Universität The company offers modern and highly specialized Berlin, Germany, October 18–20, 2004, Vol. 1, Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Schaltungstechnik, services in the field of development, test, verification, pp. 99–104. 2004, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Bd. 140. and programming of application specific integrated circuits. Oak Technology GmbH is a subsidiary of Grünewald, M.; Xu, F.; Rückert, U.: Power Control in Kalte, H.: Einbettung dynamisch rekonfigurierbarer Zoran Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA. Directional Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. In Proceedings Hardwarearchitekturen in eine Universalprozessor- VDE Kongress 2004 – ITG Fachtagung Ambient Intelli- umgebung. Universität Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf gence, VDE Verlag, Berlin, Germany, October 18–20, Institut, Schaltungstechnik, 2004, HNI-Verlagss- Current Research Projects 2004, Vol. 1, pp. 169–174. chriftenreihe Bd. 139. Resource-Efficient Function Approximator for Autonomous Systems Niemann, J.-C.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.: Parallele Brinkmann, A.: Verteilte Algorithmen zur Daten- Based on analog circuit technology, a microelectronic Architekturen für Netzwerkprozessoren. In Proceed- plazierung und zum Routing in gegnerischen Netz- module is being developed for the resource-efficient ings VDE Kongress 2004 – ITG Fachtagung Ambient werken. Universität Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, implementation of a function approximator for Intelligence, VDE Verlag, Berlin, October 18-20, 2004, Schaltungstechnik, 2004, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe autonomous systems. This is done in cooperation Vol. 1, pp. 105–110. Bd. 135. with Professor Sitte, Queensland University of Tech- nology, Australia. Witkowski, U.; Rückert, U.: Aktives Nachtsichtsystem für autonome mobile Roboter. In Proceedings VDE Fairs/Conferences/Seminars Routing Nodes for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (Manets) Kongress 2004 - ITG Fachtagung Ambient Intelli- CeBIT 2004 in Hannover It is the aim of this project to design a resource-effi- gence, VDE Verlag, Berlin, Germany, October 18–20, Presentation of the V:DRIVE project at the booth cient one-chip system, which facilitates the operation 2004, Vol. 1, pp. 75–80. “Forschungsland NRW” of Manets on the basis of an adaptive communication process that has been worked out in cooperation Chinapirom, T.; Kaulmann, T.; Witkowski, U.; Rückert, Linux Day in Karlsruhe with Professor Meyer auf der Heide’s research group. U.: Visual Object Recognition by 2D-Color Camera Presentation of the V:DRIVE project at the booth This project is part of the Collaborative Research Cen- and On-Board Information Processing for Minirobots. of the CONET AG tre 376 of the DFG. In: Proceedings of the FIRA Robot World Congress. Busan, South Korea, 26–29 October 2004. LinuxWorld in Frankfurt Hardware Reconfiguration Presentation of the V:DRIVE project at the booth In this project we analyse and implement principles Pohl, C.; Franzmeier, M.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.: of Novell/Suse of hardware reconfiguration of microelectronic com- gNBX – Reconfigurable Hardware Acceleration of ponents in self-optimising mechatronic systems. The Self-Organizing Maps. In Proceedings of the IEEE project is part of the Collaborative Research Centre International Conference on Field Programmable Patents 614 of the DFG. Technology (FPT'04). Brisbane, Australia, 6–8 Decem- Scheideler, C., Brinkmann, A., Salzwedel, K., Meyer auf ber 2004, pp. 97–104 der Heide, F., Rückert, U.: Verfahren und Anordnung RTOS for Self-Optimising Systems zur randomisierten Datenspeicherung in Speicher- In cooperation with the working group “Design of Kalte, H.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.: Study on Column netzwerken und/oder einem Intranet und/oder dem Parallel Systems” of Prof. Rammig, we develop a real- Wise Design Compaction for Reconfigurable Systems. Intranet sowie ein entsprechendes Computerpro- time communication and operating system for dis- In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference gramm-Erzeugnis und ein entsprechendes computer- tributed self-optimizing systems. This project is part on Field Programmable Technology (FPT'04). Brisbane, lesbares Speichermedium, AZ: DE 102 36 796 of the Collaborative Research Centre 614 of the DFG. Australia, 6–8 December 2004, pp. 413–416 Brinkmann, A., Scheideler, C., Meyer auf der Heide, F., Active Night Vision System for More Safety in Road Minchev, Z.; Manolov, O.; Noykov, S.; Witkowski, U,; Rückert, U.: Verfahren und Anordnung zur Verteilung Traffic Rückert, U.: Fuzzy Logic Based Intelligent Motion von Datenblockmengen in Speichernetzwerken In the context of the support program “Neue Inge- Control of Robots Swarm Simulated by Khepera und/oder einem Datennetz sowie Computerpro- nieurteams” of the “Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Robots. In IEEE International Conference on Intelli- gramm-Erzeugnis und computerlesbares Speicher- Halbach-Stiftung” we initiated the project “Active gent Systems, 2004, Vol. 1, pp. 305–310 medium. AZ: DE 10 2004 018 808 Night Vision System for More Safety in Road Traffic”. This project is carried out in cooperation with the Rust, C.; Grünewald, M.: Petri Net Based Design of a Schomaker, G., Brinkmann, A., Meyer auf der Heide, F., “Aldegrevergymnasium Soest” and “Hella KG Hueck & Multi-Robot Scenario - A Case Study. In: IEEE Inter- Rückert, U.: Verfahren zur Verwaltung von Metainfor- Co”. national Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernet- mationen zur Verteilung von Datenblöcken oder ics (SMC). The Hague, The Netherlands, 10–13 Octo- Objekten über computerlesbare Speichermedien sowie ber 2004. Computerprogrammprodukt und computerlesbares Speichermedium, AZ: DE 10 2004 046 243 HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 104

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Paderborn Realtime Storage Network PReSto Look ahead sensors for active headlights In cooperation with the working group of Professor Current Industry Co-operations In this project we analyse and evaluate new sensor Meyer auf der Heide, Infineon Technologies, and the GigaNetIC concepts for active headlights in cooperation with Conet AG, the efficient use of highly scalable storage In cooperation with the Infineon Technologies AG “Hella KG Hueck & Co”. With these sensor concepts, systems is analyzed. (Munich), the BMBF project GigaNetIC aims at devel- headlights with new functionality will be realized. oping superfast low-loss digital MOS circuit tech- synQPSK nologies and systems for communication and net- V:DRIVE In cooperation with the working group “Optical work applications. The main focus of our activities is In cooperation with the Conet AG we analyze the Communication and High-Frequency Engineering” on basic techniques for system-on-a-chip architec- integration of meta information for storing replicated of Professor Noé, University of Paderborn, this project tures. Other participants in Paderborn are the work- data in a storage-management framework. targets the development of key components for ing groups of Prof. Meyer auf der Heide and Prof. “Synchronous Optical Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Kastens. EMBond Transmission”. In cooperation with the Hesse & Knipps GmbH, the VisionIC project EMBond – embedded microelectronics for PlaNetS In the context of the VisionIC-project, we analyse wire bonders – targets the development of new con- In the context of the BMBF project “PlaNets – Plat- neural pulse coded associative memories in coopera- cepts to enhance wire bonders by means of efficient forms for Networked Services”, new concepts for par- tion with Infineon Technologies. The main focus of microelectronic solutions. allel packet processors are developed and analyzed in the project is the analysis and development of an cooperation with Infineon Technologies and addition- intelligent vision platform for the mass market. al industrial partners.

Workgroup Mechatronics and Dynamics Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallaschek

Fu, B.; Hemsel, T.; Wallaschek, J.: Model-based Diag- Kauschke, R.; Eichhorn, K.; Wallaschek, J.: Adaptive Publications nosis for Sandwiched Ultrasonic Transducers. In: Pro- Scheinwerfer – ein Technologieüberblick. In: Licht Brandt, T.; Sattel, T.; Wallaschek, J.: Ein Ansatz zur ceedings of the 18th International Congress on 2004-Tagung, Dortmund, 19.-22. September 2004, automatischen Kollisionsvermeidung. In: VDI- Acoustics (ICA 2004), Kyoto, Japan, 4.–9. April 2004, CD-ROM. Berichte: Integrierte Sicherheit und Fahrerassisten- Bd. 3, pp. 2243–2246. zsysteme – 21. Internationale VDI/VW Gemeinschaft- Kleinkes, M; Völker, S.: Homogenitätsbewertung für stagung, Wolfsburg, 27.-28. Oktober 2004. Düssel- Gausemeier, J.; Wallaschek, J. (Hrsg.): 2. Paderborner Scheinwerfer-Lichtverteilungen. In: Lighting Research dorf: VDI-Verlag, 2004, Bd. 1864, pp.125–144. Workshop Intelligente mechatronische Systeme. and Technology, 2004. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Bd. 145. Paderborn, Heinz Brökelmann, M.; Hesse, H.; Wallaschek, J.: Neue Ver- Nixdorf Institut, Universität Paderborn, 2004. Kliebisch, D.; Völker, S.: Entwicklung eines Modells zur fahren zur Qualitätsüberwachung gebondeter Berechnung der Erkennbarkeitsentfernung aus Verbindungen. In: VDI-Berichte: Fahrzeugelektronik Hemsel, T.; Mracek, M.; Vasiljev, P.; Wallaschek, J.: A Leuchtdichtebildern. In: Licht 2004-Tagung, Dort- im Fokus, Tagung Baden-Baden, 8. Oktober 2004. Novel Approach for High Power Ultrasonics Motors. mund, 19.–22. September 2004, CD-ROM. Düsseldorf, VDI-Verlag, 2004, Bd. 1866, pp. 103–121. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 50th Anniversary Littmann, W.; Hemsel, T.; Wallaschek, J.: Design Brökelmann, M.; Wallaschek, J.; Hesse, H.: Bond Joint Conference, Montreal, Canada, 2004. Criteria for Piezoelectric Transformers. In: Proceedings process monitoring via self-sensing transducers. In: of the 18th International Congress on Acoustics Proceedings of the IEEE International Ultrasonics, Henzler, S.: Methodik zur Konzeption der Struktur (ICA 2004), Kyoto, Japan, 4.–9. April 2004, Bd. 4, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 50th Anniversary und der Regelung leistungsverzweigter Getriebe mit pp. 2889–2892. Joint Conference, Montreal, Canada, 2004. Toroidvariator. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Bd. 144. Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Universität Pader- Littmann, W.; Wallaschek, J.: Reibung bei Ultra- Brökelmann, M.; Król, R.; Wallaschek, J.; Hesse, H.: A born, 2004. schallschwingungen. In: Konstruktion. Düsseldorf, Self-Sensing Transducer for Ultrasonic Wire Bonding. VDI-Verlag, 2004, Nr. 3, pp. 63–64. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Congress on Kauczor, C.; Schulte, T.; Grotstollen, H.: Piezoelectric Acoustics (ICA 2004), Kyoto, Japan, 4.–9. April 2004, Transformer of Travelling Wave Type. In: ACTUATOR, Locher, J.; Völker, S.: The Influence of Vehicle Beam Bd. 4, pp. 2901–2904. Bremen, 2004. Patterns on Safety and Acceptance. In: SAE World Congress, Detroit, USA, 2004. Brökelmann, M.; Król, R.; Wallaschek, J.; Hesse, H.: Kauczor, C.; Fröhleke, N.: Inverter Topologies for Neue Mikrosensoren für die Bondtechnik. In: 15. Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Transducers with High Mracek, M.; Wallaschek, J.; Hemsel, T.: Self Configura- Workshop Mikrotechnische Produktion, Heinz Nixdorf Mechanical Q-Factor. In: Power Electronics Specialists tion of Miniature Ultrasonic Linear Motors. In: Pro- Institut, Paderborn, 19. November 2004. Conference (PESC), Aachen, 2004. ceedings of the 18th International Congress on Acoustics (ICA 2004), Kyoto, Japan, 4.–9. April 2004, Fründ, E.: Aktive Kompensation von periodischen Kauschke, R.; Eichhorn, K.; Wallaschek, J.: Aktive Bd. 1, pp. 417–420. Schwingungen an rotierenden Walzen. HNI-Verlagss- Scheinwerfer zur subtraktiven Lichtverteilungserzeu- chriftenreihe, Bd. 136. Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Insti- gung. In:105. DGaO-Tagung, Bad-Kreuznach, 1.–5. Mracek, M.; Wallaschek, J.: Powder Transport Based tut, Universität Paderborn, 2004 Juni 2004, www.dgao.de, Online-Proceeding. on Piezoelectrically Excited Ultrasonic Progressive Waves. In: Proceedings of the International Confer- ence Piezoelectric Materials and Applications in Actu- ators, Korea Institute of Technology, Seoul, Korea, 2004. HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 105

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Mracek, M.; Wallaschek, J.: A System for Powder Stepan Völker: Transport Based on Piezoelectrically Excited Ultrason- Fairs/Conferences/Seminars · Board member of the “Lichttechnische Gesellschaft ic Waves. In: Proceedings of the International Confer- 1st International Workshop on Piezoelectric Materials des Ruhrgebietes“ ence Microtechnology, Mechatronics and Materials and Applications in Actuators, Seoul, March 28th–30th · Reporter of the Division for mesopic vision at the IVAM NRW, 2004, pp. 100–102. 2004 (Organizers S. Y. Yoon, KIST, J. Wallaschek) International Lighting Commission (CIE) · Member of the technical committee for interior Neumann, N.; Goldschmidt, S.; Wallaschek, J.: On the 2nd L-LAB Summerschool ”Expanding Horizons lighting of the LiTG Application of Set-Oriented Numerical Methods in for Automotive Lighting”, Blomberg, August 29th– · Member of the DIN technical norm committee the Analysis of Railway Vehicle Dynamics. In: PAMM, September 3rd 2004 (Organizer J. Wallaschek) “color” (FNF) Sektion Mathematische Methoden in den Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften, 2004. IIR-Fachkonferenz Lichttechnik (lighting technology symposium), Stuttgart, Jun 21st–22nd 2004 Spin-Offs Neumann, N.; Goldschmidt, S.; Wallaschek, J.: On the (technical direction J. Wallaschek) ATHENA Technologie Beratung GmbH Application of Set-Oriented Numerical Methods in The ATHENA Technologie Beratung GmbH offers sci- the Analysis of Railway Vehicle Dynamics. In: 4th Mechatronic Workshop VDI, Stuttgart, entific and business consultancy as well as engineer- European Congress on Computational Methods in March 15th–16th 2004 and September ing services in the fields of mechatronics and new Applied Sciences and Engineering (ECCOMAS), 2004. 30th–October 1st 2004 technologies. ATHENA provides feasibility studies and technical expertise, monitors the progress of new Sattel, T.: Dynamic Phenomena in Traveling Wave Workshop “Intelligente mechatronische Systeme” technologies, supports the technology and innovation Type Ultrasonic-Motors. In: Proceedings of the 18th (intelligent mechatronic systems), Paderborn, management and develops strategies for patent International Congress on Acoustics (ICA 2004), March 25th–26th 2004 management. For further information see Kyoto, Japan, 4.–9. April 2004, Bd. 1, pp. 413–417. http://www.myATHENA.de LED in NRW, Gelsenkirchen, February 3rd 2004 Schlicht, A.: Kongruenz des Blickverlaufs bei virtuellen and Krefeld, May 18th 2004 and Aachen, PADERSONIC GmbH und realen Autofahrten – Kraftfahrzeugsimulatoren September 14th 2004 The Padersonic GmbH develops, builds and markets als virtuelles Entwicklungswerkzeug zur Evaluation mechatronic systems, in particular in the areas of neuer Scheinwerfersysteme. In: Licht 2004-Tagung, Blendungsworkshop (anti-glare workshop), L-LAB, piezo actuators, sensors, optical systems and image Dortmund, 19.–22. September 2004, CD-ROM. Paderborn, April 21th 2004 processing. It also develops customer-specific software and hardware solutions for control engineering. Sprenger, R.; Kleinkes, M.; Locher, J.: Ausbildung von Nutzungsstrategien bei Fahrerassistenzsystemen am Patents Beispiel eines Infrarot-Nachtsichtsystems. In: VDI- · Modellbasierter Lebensdauerbeobachter, Current Research Projects Berichte: Integrierte Sicherheit und Fahrerassistenz- DE 102 57 793 A1 INERELA – Integrative Development of Spatial systeme – 21. Internationale VDI/VW Gemeinschaft- · Verfahren zur Ansteuerung einer Lichterzeugung- Electronic Devices stagung, Wolfsburg, 27.–28. Oktober 2004. Düssel- seinrichtung für Kraftfahrzeuge sowie Vorrichtung, The aim is to provide a development platform for dorf, VDI-Verlag, 2004, Bd. 1864, pp. 531–541. AZ: 102 004 042 092.0 spatial electronic devices in selected product classes · Scannender Scheinwerfer für Fahrzeuge, (Chip-on-board Technology, Ultrasonic Bonding Tech- Storck, H.: Optimierung der Kontaktvorgänge bei AZ: 102 004 032 095.0 nique, Micro-Sensors, Micro-Electro-Optical Systems). Wanderwellenmotoren. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Supporting Institution: BMBF Bd. 138. Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Universität Paderborn, 2004. Prizes/Awards NBP – Neue Bahntechnik Paderborn (railcab) Thorsten Brandt: Award for the "Best Paper by a In this project the main focus of our activities is: Völker, S; Kleinkes, M.: Quality of Automotive Head- Young Scientist" presented at the 21st International Chassis und Switch Technology; Condition Monitor- lamp Light Distribution. In: Lighting Research and VDI/VW Joint Conference on "Integrated Safety and ing; Overall-System-Optimisation. Supporting Institu- Technology, 2004. Driver Assistance Systems". Title: "Ein Ansatz zur tion: Land NRW/University of Paderborn/City of automatischen Kollisionsvermeidung/On Automatic Paderborn Völker, S.: Bewertungssysteme für Scheinwerfer. In: Collision Avoidance". CTI Tagung, Sindelfingen, 2004. Optical Concepts for Active Lighting Technology Stefan Wilmanns: Weidmüller Prize for Outstanding Systems Völker, S.: How Save Are our Headlamps? In: 2. L-LAB Achievements in the Basic Study Stage. Our goal is the evaluation and development of new Summerschool, Blomberg, 30. August–3. September optical concepts for active headlights. Active head- 2004, CD-ROM. lights are considered as a further development of Additional Functions today’s Adaptive-Frontlighting-Systems. They allow Völker, S.; Schmidt, F.: Bildaufgelöste Leucht- Jörg Wallaschek: a free choice of light distribution in front of the dichtemessung zur Bewertung von Scheinwerfern. In: · Chairman of L-LAB, Research Centre for Lighting vehicle. Supporting Institution: L-LAB Licht 2004-Tagung, Dortmund, 19.–22. September Technology and Mechatronics, PublicPrivatePartner- 2004, CD-ROM. ship of Hella KG Hueck & Co. KG and the University Development of Coordinated Vibration Drives of Paderborn This research project develops micromotors as inno- Völker, S.; Raphael, S.; u. a.: Beleuchtungsstärke oder · Member of the national advisory council on vative direct drives for generating demand-driven lin- Leuchtdichte – eine kritische Diskussion des Mechanical Vibration of the VDI / DIN ear movements. The goal is for several motors to Blendungsmaßes für Kfz – Scheinwerfer. In: Licht · Spokesman of the Competence Network “LED in work together as a unit to create an automatically 2004-Tagung, Dortmund, 19.–22. September 2004, NRW“ inter-coordinated system of individual motors which CD-ROM. · Board member of the OpTechNet e.V. automatically configure themselves to produce an · Board member of the Graduate School on Dynamic optimal operational state. Supporting Institution: DFG Wallaschek, J.; Wickord, W.; Ostermann, T.: Patent- Intelligent Systems analyse und Patent-Portfolio - Werkzeuge des strate- · Board member of the PaSCo (Paderborn Institute for Collective Illumination of the Traffic Space gischen Patentmanagements. In: Modernes Patentbe- Scientific Computation) The overall goal of this project is the development of wusstsein in Hochschulen. Münster, Waxmann Verlag, · Member of the Senate of the University of Pader- an active lighting system that allows the optimal illu- 2004, pp. 47–78. born mination of the road through several vehicles. Specif- · Board member of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute ic targets are the evaluation of sensors and overall Wördenweber, B.; Wickord, W.: Technologie- · Member of the Editorial Advisory Board of the Inter- vehicle communication systems. Supporting Institu- und Innovationsmanagement im Unternehmen – national Journal of Vehicle Autonomous Systems tion: International Graduate School of Dynamic Intel- Methoden, Praxistipps und Softwaretools. Berlin ligent Systems. u. a., Springer Verlag, 2004. HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 106

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Study of Self-Energising Mechanical Breaks Mechanical Vibrations in Headlight Systems Adaptive Piezoelectric Resonance Converter with By using self-energising through friction, break-sys- Based upon the mechanical modelling of headlight Non-Linear Mechanical Boundary Conditions tems that require only little control forces and power systems, tools for the optimisation of the vibrational The goal is to investigate concepts for resonant excit- are to be designed. Supporting Institution: University behaviour are being developed. The focus of atten- ed piezoelectric systems consisting of an electrical of Paderborn, Embassy of Egypt tion is on the coupling of FEM as well as MKS model- control and oscillating ultrasonic tools under nonlin- ling and experimental modal analysis. Supporting ear mechanical loads which are caused by the inter- FEM-Modelling of Piezoelectric Composite Oscillators Institution: L-LAB, Industry action of the tool and its environment. Sponsor: In this project computational methods for the analy- Industry sis of piezoelectric oscillators are developed. Special Application of Set-Oriented Methods for the Analysis attention is paid to resonant excited systems. Sup- of Non-Linear Dynamic Systems porting Institution: DFG The aim of this project is to provide efficient and Current Industry Co-operations general methods to support product development, L-LAB – Research Centre for Lighting Technology Technology Monitoring LED Lighting especially in the analysis of nonlinear dynamic sys- and Mechatronics As part of the Competence Network LED in NRW we tems. Set-oriented methods will allow to derive In the L-LAB, jointly run in PublicPrivatePartnership are monitoring the development of the technology information on the dynamics of the system, including by the Hella KG Hueck & Co. KG and the University field of LED lighting. Within this framework we are e.g. the form of attractors, absorption- and observa- of Paderborn, we contribute to interdisciplinary supporting the local lighting technology industry in tion probabilities in the state space of a system. Sup- projects. These activities can be classified as basic North-Rhine-Westfalia in analysing patents and porting Institution: DFG (PaSCo) research and technological development. In transfer developing and designing new lighting system with projects technology demonstrators and lighting sys- light-emitting diodes. Supporting Institution: Land Vibration-Assisted Deep Hole Drilling tem prototypes with a lead time of 1 to 2 gene- North-Rhine-Westfalia with the Ministries MSWF, The project aims is to overlay deep hole drilling rations are developed. Supporting Institution: Land MWMEV, MASQT processes with ultrasonic vibrations for better results. NRW/Stifterverband/Hella/University of Paderborn Working in cooperation with the Institute for Machine Tools at the University of Stuttgart, we are studying what other kinds of vibration are best suited for this and which ultrasound generators are capable of producing stable ultrasonic vibrations. Supporting Institution: DFG

Workgroup Parallel Computing Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien

Gairing, M.; Lücking, T.; Mavronicolas, M.; Monien, B.: Schamberger, S.; Wierum, J.-M.: A Locallity Preverving Publications Computing Nash Equilibria for Scheduling on Graph Ordering Approach for Implicit Partitioning: Elsässer, R.; Monien, B.; Schamberger, S.: Load Balanc- Restricted Parallel Links, 36th ACM Symposium on Graph-Filling Curves, Proc. of the 17th International ing in Dynamic Networks, Proc. of the 7th Internation- Theory of Computing (STOC 2004), 613–622, 2004. Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing al Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms, Systems, (PDCS'04), to appear. and Networks (I-SPAN 2004), 193–200, 2004. Gairing, M.; Goddard, W.; Hedetniemi, St.; Jacobs, D.: Self-Stabilizing Maximal k-Dependent Sets in Linear Schamberger, S.; Wierum, J.-M.: Partitioning Finite Elsässer, R.; Monien, B.; Schamberger, S.: Load Balanc- Time, Parallel Processing Letters (PPL), 14(1), 75–82, Element Meshes using Space-Filling Curves, Future ing of Indivisible Unit Size Tokens in Dynamic and 2004. Generation Computer Systems Journal, to appear. Heterogeneous Networks, Proc. of the 12th European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA'04), LNCS 3221, Lücking, T.; Mavronicolas, M.; Monien, B.; Rode, M.: 640–651, 2004. A New Model for Selfish Routing, Proc. of the 21st Fairs/Conferences/Seminars International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of 13. International Paderborn Computer Chess Elsässer, R.; Frommer, A.; Monien, B. ; Preis, R.: Optimal Computer Science (STACS 2004), LNCS 2996, Tournament, 10.02.–16.02.2004 Diffusion Schemes and Load Balancing on Product 547–558, 2004. Program-Chair “International Parallel and Distributed Graphs, Parallel Processing Letters, 14, 61–73, 2004. Processing Symposium” (IPDPS’04) Santa Fe, Schamberger, S.: On Partitioning FEM Graphs Using New Mexico, 26.04.–30.04.2004 Bezrukov, S.; Elsässer, R.; Monien, B.; Preis, R.; Tillich, Diffusion, Proc. of the 18th International Parallel and J.-P.: New spectral lower bounds on the bisection Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS'04), IEEE width of graphs, Theoretical Computer Science, 320, Computer Society, 277 (CD),2004. Additional Functions 155–174, 2004. · Member of the North-Rhine-Westphalia Academy Elsässer, R.; Lorenz, U.; Sauerwald, T.: Agent-Based of Sciences Gairing, M.; Lücking, T.; Mavronicolas, M.; Monien, B.: Information Handling in Large Networks, Proc. of the · Chairman of the Board of Directors of the PC2 The Price of Anarchy for Polynomial Social Cost, Proc. 7th International Symposium on Mathematical Foun- · Associated Member of the HNI-Board of the 29th International Symposium on Mathematical dations of Computer Science (MFCS'04), to appear. · Member of the Board of the "Graduate School on Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2004), LNCS Dynamic Intelligent Systems" 3153, 574–585, 2004. Gairing, M.; Lücking, T.; Mavronicolas, M.; Monien, B.; · Member of the Board of the Graduate College Spirakis, P.: The Structure and Complexity of Extreme "Automatic Configuration in open Systems" Gairing, M.; Geist, R.M.; Hedetniemi, St.; Kristiansen, Nash Equilibria, Theoretical Computer Science, to · Member of the Board of the “Paderborn Institute P.: A Self-Stabilizing Algorithm for maximal 2-pack- appear. for Scientific Computation“ (PaSCo ) ing, Nordic Journal of Computing, 11(1), 1-11, 2004. Monien, B.; Schamberger, S.: Graph Partitioning with Gairing, M.; Lücking, T.; Mavronicolas, M.; Monien, B.; the Party Libray: Helpful-Sets in Practice, Proc. of the Spin-Offs Rode, M.: Nash Equilibria in Discrete Routing Games 16th International Symposium on Computer Architec- m3ITS – Multimedia&more with Convex Latency Functions, Proc. of the 31st ture and High Performance, (SBAC-PAD'04), to IT-Services – in the areas of Consulting, Software International Colloquium on Automata, Languages appear. development, Networks and Servers, Multimedia (dig- and Programming (ICALP 2004), LNCS 3142, 645–657, ital Audio & Video content creation, Streaming), 2004. Databases and Web Design. HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 107

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Altanis GmbH “DELIS - Dynamically Evolving Large-scale “ALCOM-FT – Algorithms and Complexity – (former Tschöke Optimization Systems GmbH) Information Systems” Future Technology“ The object of the company is the Development and EU-Projekt (IP-2004-001907). Partner: Universita di EU-Projekt (IST-1999-14186). Partner: Aarhus Univer- Marketing of Software for Production planning with Roma "La Sapienza" (I), Computer Science Institute in sitet (DK), Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik (D), the help of mathematical Optimization procedures as Patras (GR), Telecom Italia Learning Services S.p.A. (I), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en well as enterprise consulting. The leading producer of Telenor Communication AS (N), Universita di Bologna Automatique INRIA (F), Computer Technology Insti- wooden materials is among our list of clients. (I), Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik in Saarbrücken tute (GR), Universita di Roma (I), Universiteit Utrecht (D), University of Karlsruhe (D), Universitat Polytecni- (NL), Universität Köln (D), Universitat Politecnica ca de Catalunya in Barcelona (E), Universitat Pompeu Catalunya, Barcelona (E), University of Warwick (UK). Current Research Projects Fabra in Barcelona (E), University of Cyprus (CY), The main emphasis of the project is on a novel com- NRW-Research Network "Modeling and Simulation Technische Univesität München (D), Charles Univer- bination of application oriented research in three in the Production Line of chemical Products", Project: sity in Prague (CZ), Wroclaw University of Technology important areas – massive data sets, massive and "Modeling and Simulation of the Process of the Pro- (P), University of Cambridge (UK), Universite de Paris- complex communications and complex problems in duction of Solid Fuel Particles - especially powdered Sud XI (F), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology production and plannung, with innovative method- lacquer – by atomizing melted polymers in an ultra- in Zürich (CH), Ecole Polytechnique Federale de ological work on experimental algorithmics and sonic-wave containment field." (FKZ 515-103012-01) Lausanne (CH). generic algorithmic methods. Partner: The Department of Chemistry of the Univer- The objectives of the Integrated Project DELIS are: sity of Paderborn (H.-J. Warnecke, H.-C. Broecker, A. 1. To understand the structure, self organisation and “FLAGS – Foundational Aspects of Global Goldschmidt), University of Stuttgart, University of dynamics of large scale information systems like the Computing Systems“ Halle Wittenberg, DuPont Herberts Automotive Sys- internet, the World Wide Web, peer-to-peer systems, EU-Projekt (IST-2001-33116). Partner: Computer tems, UCB Chemistry GmbH. with support of methods from statistical physics. Technology Institute (GR), National and Kapodestrian Research Area: Numerical Simulation, Parallel Algo- 2. To provide methods, techniques and tools for con- University of Athens (GR), University of Cyprus (CY), rithms trolling and optimizing such systems, using, among Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (E). others, large scale optimization techniques and inspi- The main emphasis of the project is to provide a uni- DFG-Special Research Area "Massive Parallelism: rations from biology. fying scientific framework and a coherent set of Algorithms, Design Methods, Applications" (SFB 376) 3. To apply methods from market mechanism and design rules, for global systems resulting from the Sub-Project A2: Universal Basic Primitives game theory in order to understand and to organize integration of autonomous interacting entities, Sub-Project A3: Balancing dynamic Networks: Foun- the competition of actors in the system for resources dynamic multi-agent environments and ad-hoc dations and Applications like bandwidth, computing power, data etc. mobile networks. 4. To provide platforms for experiments and proto- DFG-Special Research Area "Self-Optimizing Systems typical implementations of our findings, in order to of Mechanical Engineering" (SFB 614) test and compare them, and to make them accessible. Current Industry Co-Operations Sub-Project A1: Model Orientated Self Optimization 5. To demonstrate the capabilities of our methods, "Use of Operations Research Procedures in Airline techniques and tools in two application areas of high Optimization" DFG-Central Program "Algorithms for larger and scientific and economic impact. Employer: Lufthansa Systems GmbH more complex Networks" Project: "Integration of Network Concepts and fleet assignment in Flight planning" Research Area: Combinatorial Optimizations, Meta-Heuristics, Airline Optimizations.

Workgroup Applied Physics/Integrated Optics Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler

Sohler, W.; Das, B.; Reza, S.; Suche, H.; Ricken, R.: Schiek, R.; Iwanow, R.; Stegeman, G.I.; Pertsch, T.; Led- Publikationen “Recent progress on integrated rare-earth doped erer, F.; Min, Y.; Sohler, W.: “Staggered und unstag- th Sohler, W.; Dey, D.; Das, B.; Reza, S.; Suche, H.; Ricken, LiNbO3 waveguide lasers“, Technical Digest 9 gered solitons in quadratically nonlinear lithium nio-

R.: “Erbium-doped LiNbO3 waveguide lasers: recent OptoElectronics and Communications Conference bate waveguide arrays“, Topical Meeting on Nonlinear progress“, Photonics 2004, Cochin, Indien, December (OECC '04), Yokohama/Japan, July 2004, p.568, Optics (NLO '04), Waikoloa/Hawaii, August 2004 2004 (invited) paper 14F4-1 (invited) Iwanow, R.; Schiek, R.; Stegeman, G.I.; Pertsch, T.; Led- Iwanow, R.; Schiek, R.; Stegemann, G.I.; Pertsch, T.; Caccioli, D.; Paoletti, A.; Schiffini, A.; Galtarossa, A.; erer, F.; Min, Y.; Sohler, W.: “Moderately localized dis- Lederer, F.: Min, Y.; Sohler, W.: “Observation of discrete Griggio, P.; Lorenzetto, G.; Minzioni, P.; Cascelli, S.; crete quadratic solitons in periodically poled lithium quadratic solitons“, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 93, no. 11, Guglielmucci, M.; Lattanzi, L.; Matera, F.; Tosi Beleffi, niobate waveguide arrays“, Conference on Lasers and 113902, 2004 G.M.; Quiring, V.; Sohler, W.; Suche, H.; Vehovc, S.; Electro Optics (CLEO '04), San Francisco/USA, May Vidmar, M.: “Field demonstration of in-line all-optical 2004 Peverini, O.; Herrmann, H.; Orta, R.: “Film-loaded SAW wavelength conversion in a WDM dispersion man- waveguides for integrated acousto-optical polariza- aged 40 Gbit/s link“, IEEE J. Selected Topics in Quan- Iwanow, R.; Schiek, R.; Stegeman, G.I.; Pertsch, T.; tion converters“, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, tum Electronics, vol. 10, no. 2, 356–362, 2004 Peschel, U.; Lederer, F.; Min, Y.; Grundkötter, W.; Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol. 51, no. 10, Sohler, W.: “Parametric switching and frequency con- 1298–1307, 2004 Baronio, F.; Barthélémy, A.; Carrasco, S.; Couderc, V.; version in PPLN directional couplers“, Conference on De Angelis, C.; Lefort, L.; Min, Y.; Pioger, P.-H.; Quiring, Lasers and Electro Optics (CLEO '04), San Sohler, W.; Grundkötter, W.; Lee, J.H.; Lee, Y.L.; Min, V.; Torner, L.; Sohler, W.: “Generation of quadratic Francisco/USA, May 2004 Y.H.; Quiring, V.; Suche, H.; Schiek, R.; Pertsch, T.; Led- spatially trapped beams with short pulsed light“, J. erer, F.; Iwanow, R.; Stegeman, G.I.: “All-optical signal Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt., vol. 6, p. 182–189, Pertsch, T.; Iwanow, R.; Schiek, R.; Stegeman, G.;

processing in periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguide 2004 (invited) Peschel, U.; Lederer, F.; Min, Y.; Grundkötter, W.; structures“, Proc. 30th European Conference on Opti- Sohler, W.: “Transparent switching in PPLN waveguide cal Communication (ECOC '04), Vol. 2, 192–195, arrays“, Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics Stockholm, Sweden, September 2004, paper Tu3.4.1 (CLEO '04), San Francisco/USA, May 2004 (invited) HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 108

108 Workgroups

Baronio, F.; De Angelis, C.; Pioger, P.-H.; Couderc, V.; Iwanow, R.; Stegeman, G.I.; Schiek, R.; Pertsch, T.; Led- Barthélémy, A.; Min, Y.; Quiring, V.; Sohler, W.: “Lateral erer, F.; Min, Y.; Sohler, W.: “Multi-channel discrete Current Research Projects displacement of beams in transversely engineered quadratic solitons in periodically poled lithium nio- ROSA Ti:PPLN waveguides“, Technical Digest Topical Meet- bate waveguide arrays“, Technical Digest Topical (Ultrafast All-Optical Signal Processing in Engineered ing “Nonlinear Guided Waves and their Applications“ Meeting “Nonlinear Guided Waves and their Appli- Quadratic Nonlinear Waveguides) (NLGW '04), Toronto/Canada, March 2004, cations“ (NLGW '04), Toronto(Canada), March 2004, Supporting institution: EU paper TuC 43 paper MA 7 Research group "Integrierte Optik in Lithiumniobat: Pertsch, T.; Schiek, R.; Stegeman, G.I.; Peschel, U.; Led- Schiek, R.; Iwanow, R.; Pertsch, T.; Stegeman, G.I.; Neue Bauelemente, Schaltkreise und Anwendungen" erer, F.; Min, Y.; Grundkötter, W.; Sohler, W.: Schreiber, G.; Sohler, W.: “One-dimensional spatial (Integrated Optics in Lithium Niobate: new devices, “Parametric switching and frequency conversion soliton families in optimally engineered quasi-phase- circuits and applications) in PPLN directional couplers“, Technical Digest Topical matched lithium niobate waveguides“, Opt. Lett. 29, with the following individual projects: Meeting “Nonlinear Guided Waves and their Applica- no. 6, 596–598, 2004 · A1 "MgO-doped, periodically poled waveguides

tions“ (NLGW '04), Toronto/Canada, March 2004, in stoichiometric LiNbO3" paper TuA 3 Das, B.K.; Ricken, R.; Quiring, V.; Suche, H.; Sohler, W.: · B1 "Parametric fluorescence generators and “Distributed feedback-distributed Bragg reflector oscillators for the mid-infrared"

Pioger, P.-H.; Couderc, V.; Barthélémy, A.; Baronio, F.; coupled cavity laser with Ti:(Fe:)Er:LiNbO3 waveguide“, Supporting institution: DFG De Angelis, C.; Min, Y.; Quiring, V.; Sohler, W.: “Ultra- Opt. Lett. 29, no. 2, 165–167, 2004 fast reconfigurable spatial switching between a quad- 40 Gbps Lithium Niobate Optical Modulator ratic solitary wave and a weak signal“, Technical Pioger, P.-H.; Baronio, F.; Couderc, V.; Barthélémy, A.; Supporting institution: Korea Electronics Technology Digest Topical Meeting “Nonlinear Guided Waves and De Angelis, C.; Min, Y.; Quiring, V.; Sohler, W.: “Spatial Institute (KETI) their Applications“ (NLGW '04), Toronto/Canada, routing at 125 Gbit/s based on noncollinear genera- March 2004, paper TuA 2 tion of self-trapped beams in Ti:PPLN film waveguides“, IEEE Photon. Techn. Lett., vol. 16, no. 2, Schiek, R.; Iwanow, R.; Stegeman, G.I.; Pertsch, T.; Led- 560–562, 2004 erer, F.; Min, Y.; Sohler, W.: “Low power transparent switching in quadratic nonlinear waveguide arrays“, Technical Digest Topical Meeting “Nonlinear Guided Additional Functions Waves and their Applications“ (NLGW '04), Member of the Program- and Advisory-/Steering- Toronto/Canada, March 2004, paper TuA 1 Committee ECIO '05

Workgroup Philosophy of Science and Technology Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus

Peckhaus, V.: "Aber vielleicht kommt noch eine Zeit, Peckhaus, V.: Review of George Boole: Selected Publications wo auch meine Arbeiten wieder entdeckt und gelesen Manuscripts on Logic and Its Philosophy, Ivor Grat- Peckhaus, V.: Jean Nicod (1893-1924). Note werden": Die gescheiterte Karriere des Ernst Zermelo. tan-Guinness, Gérard Bornet (eds.) (1997). In: The biographique, translated by Max Kistler, Institut In: Wolfgang Hein; Peter Ullrich (eds.): Mathematik Review of Modern Logic 9, no. 1 & 2 (November Nicod, Paris, http://www.institutnicod.org/jn.htm. im Fluß der Zeit. Tagung zur Geschichte der Mathe- 2001-November 2003), pp. 221–224. matik in Attendorn/Neu-Listernohl (28.5. bis Peckhaus, V.: Logik als Organon: Erfindung des 1.6.2003), pp. 325–339, Algorismus 44, Augsburg: Peckhaus, V.: Review of Rudolf Boehm: Topik (2002). Neuen und Beherrschung der Komplexität in den ERV Dr. Erwin Rauner Verlag 2004. In: History and Philosophy of Logic 25 (2003), Wissenschaften. In: Matthias Kaufmann/Andrej pp. 155–156 Krause (eds.): expressis verbis. Philosophische Betra- Peckhaus, V.: Garantiert Widerspruchsfreiheit Exis- chtungen. Festschrift für Günter Schenk zum fün- tenz? In: Bente Christiansen; Uwe Scheffler (eds.): Peckhaus, V.: 13 Reviews in: Mathematical Reviews fundsechzigsten Geburtstag, pp. 66–89, Halle a.S.: Was folgt? Themen zu Wessel, pp. 111–127, Logische 2003. Hallescher Verlag 2003. Philosophie, Berlin: Logos Verlag 2004. Peckhaus, V.: 15 Reviews in: Zentralblatt für Mathe- Peckhaus, V.: The Pragmatism of Hilbert’s Programme. Peckhaus, V.: Paradoxes in Göttingen. In: Godehard matik und ihre Grenzgebiete 2003. In: Synthese 137 (2003), pp. 141–156. Link (ed.): One Hundred Years of Russell's Paradox. Mathematics, Logic, Philosophy, pp. 501–515, de Ghin, M.: Naturwissenschaft und Phänomenologie. In: Peckhaus, V.: Dignãga’s Logic of Invention. In: Ivor Gruyter Series in Logic and Its Applications 6, Berlin, Erwägen Wissen Ethik 15 (2004), pp. 163–165. Grattan-Guinness; B.S. Yadav (eds.): History of the New York: de Gruyter 2004. Mathematical Sciences, pp. 97–107, New Delhi: Ghin, M.: Review of Thomas Metzinger (2003): Being Hindustan Book Agency 2004. Peckhaus, V.: Otto Friedrich Gruppe und die Logische No One: The Self-Model Theory of Subjectivity. In: Frage. In: Ludwig Bernays (eds.): Otto Friedrich Human Nature Review 3 (2003), pp. 450–454. Peckhaus, V.: Calculus Ratiocinator vs. Characteristica Gruppe 1804-1876. Philosoph, Dichter, Philologe, Universalis? The Two Traditions in Logic, Revisted. In: pp. 49–71, Rombach Wissenschaft. Reihe History and Philosophy of Logic 25 (2004), pp. 3–14. Paradeigmata 3, Freiburg i.Br.: Rombach Verlag 2004. Fairs/Conferences/Seminars 40 Jahre Institut für Kybernetik (40 Years Institute Peckhaus, V.: Schröder’s Logic. In: Dov M. Gabbay; Peckhaus, V.: 13 Articles in: Dieter Hoffmann, Hubert of Cybernetics), 26-28 August 2004, Universität John Woods (eds.): Handbook of the History of Logic, Laitko, Staffan Müller-Wille (eds.): Lexikon der bedeu- Paderborn. Vol. 3: The Rise of Modern Logic: From Leibniz to tenden Naturwissenschaftler in drei Bänden, Heidel- Frege, pp. 557–609, Amsterdam etc.: Elsevier North berg: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Vol. 1 (2003): Holland 2004. Bolzano, Boole, Carnap, Curry, Dingler, Vol. 2 (2004): Additional Functions Frege, Gödel; Vol. 3 (2004): Peirce, Tarski, van der · Member of the managing board of the Deutsche Waerden, Whitehead, Wolff, Zermelo. Vereinigung für Mathematische Logik und Grundla- genforschung der exakten Wissenschaften (DVMLG). Peckhaus, V.: Review of Eckart Menzler-Trott: · Member of the scientific board of the Gesellschaft Gentzens Problem (2001). In: Bulletin of Symbolic für Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Logic 9 (2003), pp. 508–510. HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 109

Additional Activities 109

· Permanent member of the German National Com- mittee of the Division for Logic, Methodology and Current Research Projects Philosophy of Science in the German National Com- Formal Languages as Universal Languages and the mittee of the Division of History of Science of the Origins of Formal Logic, supported by Antorchas- International Union of the History and Philosophy DAAD (Argentinian-German Exchange of Researchers of Science. in Projects) · Member of the editorial board of the journal The Review of Modern Logic Scientific Biography of Ernst Zermelo (1871-1953), · Member of the editorial board of the journal Histo- supported by DFG ria Mathematica · Member of the editorial board of the journal History Co-editor of the Oskar Becker edition project, and Philosophy of Logic supported by DFG · Member of the scientific committee of the journal Philosophia Scientiae. Travaux d'histoire et de philosophie des sciences (Nancy) · (Co-) editor of the journal Mathematische Semes- terberichte · Review editor for the history of logic of the journal Bulletin of Symbolic Logic · Member of the Program Committee of the Colloqui- um Logicum 2004 of the Deutschen Vereinigung für Mathematische Logik und Grundlagenforschung der exakten Wissenschaften, 17.-19. September 2004 in Heidelberg. HNI_2004_90_110_GB 14.02.2005 11:26 Uhr Seite 110

110 Location Map

Heinz Nixdorf Institute: Heinz Nixdorf Institute: How to find us How to find us

Travelling by car From the A33 motorway take the exit Paderborn-Elsen. Turn onto Bundes- straße (main road) B1 towards Bad Lipp- springe/Detmold. After approx. 1.5 km leave Bundesstraße B1 at the exit Pader- born/Schloss-Neuhaus. Continue straight ahead at the traffic lights (Heinz-Nixdorf- Ring, Dubelohstraße) onto the Heinz- Nixdorf-Ring and turn left at the next set of lights (Heinz-Nixdorf-Ring, Fürstenallee) onto Fürstenallee. The Heinz Nixdorf Institute is approx. 300 m along this street on the right-hand side.

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