HNI Annual Report 2006.Pdf

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE

Annual Report 2006

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE Interdisciplinary Research Center for Computer Science and Technology Fuerstenallee 11, D-33102 Paderborn Phone +49(0)5251|60 62 11 Fax +49(0)5251|60 62 12 http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de

Members of Board of Directors Professor Group: Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier * Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier (President) * Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide * Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus * Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallaschek * Members of Executive Board

Academic Staff: Dr. rer. nat. Matthias Fischer Christoph Wenzelmann

Non-Academic Staff: Karsten Mette

Student Group: Michael Köster

Members of Curatorship Nominated by Stiftung Westfalen: Dr.-Ing. Horst Nasko, Deputy Chairman of Stiftung Westfalen Heinz Paus, Mayor of the City Paderborn Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Hartwig Steusloff, Fraunhofer Institute for Information and Data Processing Karlsruhe

Nominated by the University: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Thomas Lengauer Ph. D., Max-Planck-Institute for Informatics Saarbrücken Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Nikolaus Risch, Rector of the University of Paderborn Prof. Dr. Holm Tetens, Freie Universität Berlin

Jointly nominated: Prof. Dr. Otto K. Ferstl, Otto Friedrich University of Bamberg Prof. Dr. Klaus Waldschmidt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt/ Main Prof. Dr.-Ing. Prof. E.h. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Dr. h.c. mult. Engelbert Westkämper, Universität Stuttgart Statistics of the Institute

Academic Profile of the Interdisciplinary Institute

8 Dipl.-Ingenieur/in Elektrotechnik 13 Master Sc. Electrical Engineering

7 Dipl.-Wirtschaftsingenieur/in 17 Dipl.-Wirtschaftsingenieur/in Maschinenbau Elektrotechnik

1 Dipl.-Pädagoge/Dipl.-Chemiker 1 Magistra Romanistik, Germanistik 14 Dipl.-Ingenieur/in Maschinenbau 2 Magister Philosophie 1 Dipl.-Medienwissenschaftler 4 Master Sc. Mechanical Engineering 1 Dipl.-Psych. 3 Juniorprofessor Dr. rer. nat. 1 Bachelor Electrical Engineering 1 Juniorprofessor Dr.-Ing. 11 Dipl.-Wirtschaftsinformatiker/in 3 Dipl.-Physiker/in 4 Dr.-Physik

17 Dr. rer. nat. 9 Dr.-Ing. 2 Dipl.-Mathematiker/in 8 Master Sc. Informatics 45 Dipl.-Informatiker/in

Activities of Employees with PhD (since Foundation of the Institute 1987) 101 Industrial Research 72 Scientific Research and Development and Lectureship

16 Self-employed 76 Management

Jobs at Spin-Offs of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute Number of Employees dSpace: approx. 700 Employees UNITY AG: approx. 130 Employees 100 … 90 … 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 GmbH GmbH m³ITS - ScMI AG UNITY AG NetSkill AG Dr. Ketterer IPT Software Entrice GmbH Altanis GmbH FASTEC GmbH dSPACE GmbH IML Fraunhofer iXtronics GmbH Beratung GmbH myview systems Padersonic GmbH Multimedia & more ATHENA Technologie Statistics of the Workgroups of the Institute

Scientific Results/Publications of the HNI Workgroups

30 PhD Theses 245 Publications

138 Master Theses

External Funds of the HNI Workgroups Third-party funds in Mill. EURO *estimated value

0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006*

Number of Employees of the HNI Workgroups Number of Employees Professors Research Staff Technical and Administrative Staff Trainees

160

140

120

100

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE

Annual Report 2006

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn 4 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2006

Content Content

General Description

Cover inside Statistics of the Institute

Cover inside Statistics of the Workgroups

Page 6 Vision of the Institute

Page 8 The Research Program

Page 16 Commitment to support young Researcher

Page 20 Internet-based information and communication services

Additional Activities

Page 88 Network and Systems Administration Dipl.-Inform. Markus Hohenhaus

Page 90 Publications

PhD Theses,

Fairs/Conferences/Seminars,

Patents, Prizes/Awards,

Additional Functions, Spin-Offs,

Current Research Projects,

Current Industry Co-operations and

Scientific Co-operations

Page 115 Imprint Content 5

Content Content

Workgroups of the Institute

Seite 26 Business Computing, especially CIM Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier

Seite 34 Computer Integrated Manufacturing Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Seite 42 Computers and Society Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil

Seite 48 Algorithms and Complexity Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide

Seite 54 Design of Distributed Embedded Systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

Seite 62 System and Circuit Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert

Seite 68 Mechatronics and Dynamics Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallaschek

Seite 76 Parallel Computing Associated Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien Workgroups Seite 80 Applied Physics/Integrated Optics Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler

Seite 84 Philosophy of Science and Technology Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus 6 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2006

Heinz Nixdorf Vision of the Institute 7

Vision of the Institute

We are currently experiencing the evolu- Commitment to training and education tion from national industrial societies to a We are intensely committed to training global information society. Information and education of our students and gradu- and communication technology is affect- ates and to giving them the necessary ing all areas of life: the bounda-ries we qualifications so that they can help to knew in the past are no longer relevant. shape the future. Yet we are also noticing that fewer and fewer people are employed in the more Measurable goals traditional sectors of industry. This is why Strategic action is based on measurable a lot of people regard the current transi- goals. We set ourselves three main goals: tion as a threat and would rather preserve 1) The research work has to be excellent. the status quo. We measure it by our external funds, by However, the progression to a global the number of graduations and post- information society offers many opportu- doctural lecture qualifications as well nities and much scope for creativity: new as by the number of publications in proficiencies and workplaces are continu- respected media. ing to emerge. 2) The number of innovations in pro-ducts Our research focuses on a symbiosis and processes of services in industry of computer science and engineering and that result from our work should be very aims to provide decisive impetus for new high in comparison with other insti- products and services for the global mar- tutes. kets of tomorrow. Our activities will create 3) Our graduates receive appropriate new workplaces and sustain prosporities. employment in the business or scien- The problems we have to solve are tific world. complex. There are numerous influences that must be considered from areas such In this way, we are following the vision of as natural sciences, techno-logy, econom- Heinz Nixdorf, the founder of our institute. ics, ecology and the social environment. We are adopting an interdisciplinary approach because we see that this offers the best possibility to find solutions for complex problems.

Balance between basic research and applied research We want to be a leading research institute. To succeed in this aim, we have to be able to give decisive impetus in practice but also to recognise problems of tomorrow early on and find solutions. We place the same value on basic research, which opens new horizons and offers new opportunities, and on applied research, which refers to what is currently happen- ing in practise. 8 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2006

The Research Program

The substantial field of activity of our institute is the research. We want a new school of design of tomorrow’s technical The goals and methodical approaches of the planned research systems. activities are described in detail in the separate paper “dynam- From our view the systems will be characterized by dynamics, ics, mobility, networking: On the way to the technical systems mobility and networking. Therefore we want to provide methods of tomorrow.” Here, the research program is presented in a and techniques that enable the design of such “Things that strongly shortened way. think”, as well as their networking and their control, which is based on self-organization. We want to test our methods and The research vision: “Things that think.” techniques, and demonstrate their efficiency in concrete appli- The technical systems of tomorrow will be able to adapt to cations with high scientific, social and economic relevance. In changing operating and environment conditions independently all these research projects we try to accomplish the goal to and partially also have cognitive abilities - therefore the slogan: bring together our realizations and experiences into a new “Things that think.” They will consist of components with an school of design of tomorrow’s technical systems. inherent partial intelligence. These components will be connected to large, mostly mobile systems, which are highly com- We want to think ahead of the future plex and dynamic. Such systems will not be controlled globally. Dealing with the systems of tomorrow, we must develop Therefore local strategies must be developed for good perfor- ideas of the user expectations and needs as well as over the mance of the entire system. technical possibilities of tomorrow. We accomplish this by sys- The design, control and the realization of such technical tematic foresight, i.e. by the perception and anticipation of the systems require new approaches and place interdisciplinary markets and technologies developments. By doing this we can research upright to new challenges in the conflict area of com- start working today on what will be needed tomorrow. puter science and engineering sciences. We pursue our goals in close cooperation to industry and at the foremost front of the research, embedded into interna- The major goals tional, national and the university research networks. Innovations for growth and employment From the symbiosis of computer science and engineering sciences, we want to create innovative technical systems, make them applicable and open perspectives for growth and employment. The Research Program 9

Structure of the research program of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and positioning of priority projects in this structure

The structure of the research program date the approaches we develop today. The following four Our research program is structured in such a way that clear application fields are relevant for us from today’s point of view: assignments can be formulated, the working progress is visible Intelligent machines and measurable, and the results will be applied gradually in Intelligent production systems industry. The picture shows this structure. According to that we Cooperative exploration in physical and administrative divide our research program into three dimensions: technol- environments ogy, application and process (system development). By doing Cooperative distributed learning environments this we connect Technology Push and Market Pull and describe how an innovative and promising technical system can be Process (system development) identified and designed. The three dimensions can be charac- The creation of future technical systems firstly requires imagi- terized as follows: nation. Today’s users will not tell us, which problems are to be solved tomorrow and how appropriate solutions are to be con- Technology figured. But even if we knew the requirements of tomorrow’s Under technology we subsume measures and approaches etc. systems, we lack the instruments to design such systems for which help to apply natural science and engineering science which there are no examples in today’s world. Therefore we are knowledge for technical systems. Our focus lies on five areas: facing two challenges: Self coordination and self-optimization of distributed sys- Recognizing the requirements of tomorrow’s systems which tems requires foresight and Services in mobile systems Design methods; It involves hereby primarily to establish a Dynamically reconfigurable HW/SW systems new school of system design and to put third parties into Distributed dynamic data spaces the position to design tomorrow’s systems. Visualization and interaction Concrete research and development projects are the cells and Application clusters that are represented in the cells of the cube shown in It deals with the realization of concrete technical systems, the picture. Beside many small and medium projects, there are which are useful and fulfill needs. This shall be carried out in four key projects as well as the SFB 376, which are presented close cooperation with industry. By doing so we support experi- in the cube. We will describe these key projects in detail in the ence exchanges between the theory and the practice and vali- following. 10 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2006

Priority projects in Research

So called Collaborative Research Centres of the German Research Foundation (DFG) play a central role fore the organization of the research of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. “Collaborative Research Centres are long standing research institutions in universities in which scientists work together in the framework of interdisciplinary research programs. […] Col- laborative Research Centres allow demanding, complex and long-term research projects to be handled by concentrating and coordinating the skills available in a university.” (translated from the original German: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: Annual Report 2001, page 110).

This characterization of Collaborative Research Centres (Son- derforschungsbereiche, SFBs) formulated by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft coincides with the assertion by the Heinz Nixdorf Institute to contribute to solving complex tasks through the interaction of computer scientists, engineers and economists. Consequently, two of the three special research initiatives of our university – SFB 376 “Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms, Design Methods and Applications” (since 1995) and SFB 614 “Self-optimizing Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering” (since 2002) – have emerged under the responsibility and leading involvement of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. Some 100 scientists are involved, with over 40 of these financed by the DFG.

Furthermore there are three additional priority projects: AC/DC – Automotive Chassis Development for 5-Days Cars, DELIS – Dynamically Evolving Large-scale Information Systems and LOCOMOTION – Low-Cost Multimedia Organisation and Production. Priority projects in Research 11

SBF 376 Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms, Design Methods and Applications Speaker: Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide

Networks have become an indispensable part of our world, for The research program is subdivided into the project areas example as high-performance computers, as communication Algorithms, Design Methods and Applications. The algorithmic and information systems, or as planning and control compo- based area contributes to particularly efficient, i.e. runtimeop- nents for transport and production systems. The ever increas- timizing solutions. Design techniques for embedded realtime ing complexity of such systems constantly presents new chal- systems and for specialized hardware are being developed in lenges for computer scientists and engineers. method based areas. Both the algorithmic and methodological SFB 376 began working in 1995 with the aim of developing work is evaluated in applications. On account of this we have methods and techniques for exploiting the computational consciously selected applications that present challenges for capabilities of parallel processor networks and for demonstrat- our methods and techniques. ing the performance of the algorithmic solutions and the The SFB will terminate in 2006. Therefore, we have devoted design methods produced for embedded, distributed (techni- the 6th Heinz Nixdorf Symposium (January 17 - 18, 2006) on cal) systems on the basis of a variety of applications. Since “New Trends in Parallel & Distributed Computing” to the then, the SFB has made essential contributions to this research research area of the SFB and its work. In a final workshop in area and acquired international reputation. In addition, it takes November 2006, we have recapitulated the work of the last 11 account of the rapidly growing importance of networks as com- years within the SFB, and have prepared the final report. munication and information systems as mentioned above. Apart from the aspect of parallel high-performance computers, http://www.upb.de/sfb376 research has therefore begun to focus increasingly on areas such as usability of heterogeneous dynamic networks, for example mobile, wireless communication networks consisting of notebooks or mobile phones. This research branch has become increasingly important during the last year, and an intensive cooperation with the EU-project DELIS has emerged.

Focal Points of the research program of SFB 376 12 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2006

SFB 614 “Self-optimizing Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering” Speaker: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Most modern engineering products already make use of the close interaction between classical mechanics, electronics, control engineering and software that is known as “mechatronics”. Information technology is an essential driver of this development, which will enable future systems with inherent “intelligence”. We denote this perspective by the term of “self-optimization”. The self-optimization process of a technical system is characterized by the ability to modify system targets endoge- nously according to changing environmental conditions and, as a result, a target-compliant, autonomous adaptation of the parameter and if necessary the structure and the behaviour of the system. Therefore, self-optimization reaches far beyond basic known control- and adaptation strategies; self-optimization allows for systems with inherent “intelligence”, which are able to respond independently and flexibly to changing environmental conditions Starting in July 2002, the Collaborative Research Centre pur- sues the long-term goal to open up the active paradigm of self- optimization for mechanical engineering and to develop a Non-predictable influences lead to the change of the target system (travel time, comfort, power requirement, noise emission etc.) and toolkit for the design and construction of such systems. The accordingly to the adjustment of the system behaviour. realization of complex mechatronic systems with inherent partial intelligence calls for a suitable structure and architectural concept for their information processing. The core element of this concept is the operator controller module (OCM) which, from an information-processing point of view, is an agent. The structure of the OCM is shown in the figure. As you see, it can be subdivided into three levels (controller, reflective operator and cognitive operator)

Controller: This control loop is an active chain that obtained measurement signals, determines adjustment signals and outputs them. For this reason it is called the “motoric loop”. The software at this level operates effectively continuously under hard real-time conditions. Reflective Operator: This monitors and directs the controller. It does not access the system’s actuators directly, instead it modifies the controller by initiating changes to parameters or structures. Cognitive Operator: At the highest level of the OCM the system can employ a variety of methods (such as learning methods, model-based optimization, or knowledge-based systems) to use information about itself and its environment to improve its own behavior. Here the emphasis is on the cognitive ability to perform the self-optimization.

http://www.sfb614.de

Architecture of the operator controller module (OCM) Distinguished Research at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute 13

AC/DC - Automotives chassis development for 5-Days Cars Optimized planning and controlling of global delivery networks

Customer specificity of products and the WP 1000 T 100 shortest delivery times are the essential WP 1000 T 100 differentiation characteristics that guarantee the success of the European automobile industry in the global competition. The T2200 T2600 T2200 T2500 T2600 current 40 day long process time of a vehi- Collaborative Demand T2500 Distributed Develop. Collaborative Demand Production Technology Distributed Develop. Prediction Production Technology & Testing cle from customer order to distribution is Prediction restricted by the complex logistic handling T2100 T2400 T2300 T2100 T2400 T2300 Dynamic Supply Real - Time Event Planning Consistency Dynamic Supply Real-Time Event of the many million vehicle variants in pro- Planning Consistency Loops Handling Loops duction. In the European project AC/DC Euro- Critical Event Loop pean, automobile suppliers and manufacturers such as ContinentalTeves, ZF, Traditional Production in the Supply Chain Siemens VDO, BMW and Volkswagen get ACDC Production together with leading research institutions EU 5-Days- Car Supply Chain Management Responsibility is shifted to Suppliers like the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and the Today’s process time of a vehicle compared to a “5-Days Car” Fraunhofer association, in order to find new ways to the optimization of the automobiles’ supply chain to a “5-day car”. The advantage of a late customer individualization on the AC/DC is organized in two intensively connected work pack- basis of standardized mechatronic components and a simpli- ages. In work package 1000, new mechatronics components fied manufacturing process is supposed to be used in the work are to be developed to achieve a clear decrease of the variety package 2000. The Heinz Nixdorf Institute is strongly involved in production by consistent modularity. Their control behavior in this project for optimizing the logistic and additional value is to be controlled exclusively by software. By doing this the processes. Under the paradigm “Customize- to-order”, new individualization of the vehicles is shifted as far as possible to methods are conceived in the area of collaborative forecasting the end of the production process. The rear axle of the chassis of needs, the efficient regulation of communication, and the was selected as a demonstrator for AC/DC. This is produced intelligent and anticipating result processing in the supply today with high number of variants by ZF, ContinentalTeves, chain. It is to be examined fundamentally, how the globally ori- Volkswagen and BMW. It is considered as complex software- ented supply chain of the European automobile industry must controllable mechatronics assembly. Thus we try to achieve the be organized, in order to reduce the complexity in the planning best possible transferability of the research results for other processes inherently by an intelligent structure and remain mechatronics assembly of the vehicle. The consistent realiza- competitive by doing so. tion of software automatic controllers leads to new safety risks, for example Software hacking or Reverse engineering. The The project AC/DC started at the beginning of October 2006 Heinz Nixdorf Institute carries out an extensive risk analysis and ends in September 2010. and elaborates a safety concept, which protects both the software automatic controllers against unauthorized access, and the transport of the necessary software components between the factories of the manufacturers. 14 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2006

The European Integrated Project DELIS Dynamically Evolving Large-scale Information Systems

Information Systems like the physical Internet, the World Wide To accomplish this work, we have set up a consortium of 20 Web, telecommunication networks, mobile ad-hoc networks, or institutions from 11 European countries, led by Prof. Dr. Fried- peer-to-peer networks have reached a level that puts them helm Meyer auf der Heide, who presents the Paderborn site beyond our ability to deploy them, manage them, and keep together with Prof. Dr. Burkhard Monien. The project started in them functioning correctly by traditional techniques. Reasons January 2004 and is supposed to last 4 years. The project has for this are their sheer size with millions of users and intercon- already been reviewed twice with positive results due to the nected devices and their dynamics; they evolve dynamically excellent scientific work. The next review will take place in Feb- over time, i.e., components change or are removed or inserted ruary 2007 where DELIS applies for the last funding period. To permanently. For such systems, we have to abandon the goal prepare the review and to coordinate the scientific work in the of global optimality. last year of DELIS, a scientific workshop will be held in January The objective of the DELIS project therefore is to develop in the research center in Bertinoro (Italy). self-regulating and self-repairing mechanisms that are decentralized, scalable, and adaptive to changes in their environments. Furthermore, these decentralized mechanisms have to result in a globally acceptable behaviour, avoiding undesirable or unstable states. We believe that the combination of insights from statistical physics, market mechanisms, and biological and social behaviour with advanced algorithmic research in Computer Science gives us the right combination of expertise to develop methods, techniques, and tools to cope with the challenges imposed by large scale information systems, and to contribute to the world-wide effort in complex systems research towards understanding the principles necessary to manage such systems.

Goals of DELIS are To understand the structure of self organization mechanisms, and the dynamics of large-scale information systems like the internet, the World Wide Web, peer-to-peer systems, supported by methods of statistical physics. To provide methods, techniques and tools for controlling and optimizing such systems, using, among others, large- scale optimization techniques and inspirations from biology. To apply methods from market mechanism and game the- Abstract view of the physical Internet ory in order to understand, organize, and manage the systems competition for resources like bandwidth, computing power, data etc. To demonstrate the capabilities of our methods, techniques and tools in two application areas of high scientific and economic impact we implement: a management platform for telecommunication networks that integrates the wide range of current and future data formats and services, and a decentralized, self-organizing Web search engine based on a peer-to-peer architecture, where peers collaborate in order to answer search request with higher result quality than current centralized search engines. http://delis.upb.de Distinguished Research at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute 15

LOCOMOTION Low-Cost Multimedia Organisation and Production

The Heinz Nixdorf Institute supports the Paderborn University Two service units are to be developed in the context of the changing the infrastructure from equipment-oriented to ser- project. The services offered from these units are to be imple- vice-oriented. The project Locomotion focuses on the constant, mented with the help of the existing organizational units. The practical and lasting operation of digital media within all areas service unit “module and test administration” realizes the sup- of the university. It is one of the research projects, which are port for planning and executing the lectures. The service unit funded by the Federal Ministry for education and research “integrated knowledge organization” realizes the support for (BMBF) within the program “eLearning services for the sci- all functions for production, publication and durable adminis- ence”. One of the subprojects, the “knowledge organization”, tration of media products. is led by Professor Dr. Keil and Dr. Dietmar Haubfleisch, direc- The intensive use of eLearning, eTeaching and eCollabora- tor of the university library. The widely and intensively use of tion are to be achieved through the support of the daily pro- eLearning, eTeaching and eCollaboration are to be achieved by cesses. The quality of teaching, learning and examining are to the focusing on the daily routine processes. The quality of be enhanced and the completion of the associated processes teaching, learning and examining are to be durably enhanced are to be optimized. and the related processes are to be optimized. The integration of different services is realized in the know- The Paderborn University wants to develop an adaptable ledge organization on basis of the Framework “open team”, process-based support environment for eLearning (in the sense developed at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. Thus among other of enhanced Learning) for the above purpose. This environment things results from the project Mistel flow into the current involves a socio-technical system, which is to carry out the developments, which examines the binding of services from transition from a product-related paradigm prevailing so far to the library in a co-operation with the University Duisburg- a process-referred paradigm. Essen. The Process orientation is not only a methodical procedure Therefore our aim is to achieve the following tasks: for the service unit arrangement. The entire project organiza- the systematic and professional support of the production tion follows this paradigm, in order to establish a reference and the use of digital learning materials model for the further organizational development within the the enhancing and widening of the current eLearning activi- university. ties the embedding and a close integration of eLearning with the business processes of the university the development of competence-based organizational structures the realization of the total processes by IT integration of sub-processes divided by content, time and administra- tions.

the establishment of an institutionalized knowledge trans- Hamburg ia Kontor fer between the university chairs as well as the research institutes and the central institutions regarding the widening of learning infrastructures

These goals are to be achieved by the building of a constant service and co-operation infrastructure. According to the process orientated approaches, service units are founded, Multimed Stöber, Photo: Anette which represent a uniform coordination point for the respective The Locomotion booth of the Paderborn University, at Education Quality Forum 2006. Shown in the picture from left to right: Professor Dr. Thorsten Hampel, prospective customers and which offer appropriate integrated Dipl. Inform. Andreas Brennecke, North-Rhine/Westphalia Minister of innovation support functions. Professor Dr. Andreas Pinkwart, Professor Dr.-Ing. Rinhard Keil 16 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2006

Heinz Nixdorf In Graduate Co Int. Graduate School: htt

Commitment to support young Researcher

Graduate College The Heinz Nixdorf Institute is intensively committed to the The Heinz Nixdorf Institute has been running graduate colleges training and education of students and graduates with the aim since 1992 with the aim to offer a study and research environ- of giving them the necessary requirements they need to shape ment to highly qualified postgraduates that facilitates their the future. A very special feature of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute conferring a doctorate within two or three years. The second is the close interaction between information science, natural graduate college “Automatic Configuration in Open Systems” science, engineering science and economics as well as aspects started its work in 2002 under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Rück- of social and cultural sciences. In 2006, 138 students wrote ert. This graduate college is – besides the DFG – also funded by their diploma thesis at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and 30 par- the Heinz Nixdorf Institute itself. Currently, 21 scholarship ticularly talented graduates took their PhD. holders work in close cooperation with the two Collaborative Our dedication to promoting a new generation of Research Centres at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute, the SFB 376 researchers is expressed in particular in the graduate college “Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms, Design Methods, and the leading involvement of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute in Applications” and the SFB 614 “Self-Optimizing Concepts and the first International Graduate School at the University of Structures of Mechanical Engineering”. Paderborn. The interdisciplinary work in the graduate colleges together with the technical specialization of the individual working groups offer a considerable advantage to the scholarship holders and significantly increase the quality of the scientific work. Commitment to support young Researcher 17

nstitute: http://wwwhni.upb.de llege: http://wwwhni.upb.de/gk tp://www.upb.de/graduateschool

International Graduate School The International Graduate School “Dynamic Intelligent Sys- tems”, which was founded in autumn 2001, is one of seven institutions supported by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia to promote top young specialists in natural sciences areas. Highly qualified graduates can study strategically for their doctorate within a three-year period in the framework of a course of doctorate studies, motivated by intensive support. In the framework of this NRW program, the International Graduate School is the only institution involved in the area of application-oriented IT. An interdisciplinary approach, internationality and excellence are the trademarks of the institution, managed scientifically by Prof. Dr. Schäfer. The International Graduate School makes a significant contribution to the development of the OWL region and Paderborn as a scientific site. Research at the English-speaking institution focuses on the enhanced development of dynamically linked systems. Such systems are characterized by the replacement or modification of software and hardware during their operational phase. Eight professors from the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and another eight professors from the University of Paderborn coached in the year under review 61 students from 16 countries. Seven students of the International Graduate School fin- ished their PhD successfully. Within the International Graduate Program (IPP) of the Ger- man Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and the German Research Foundation (DFG), the International Graduate School has been supported as a centre of scientific excellence since 2002. According to an evaluation of this program the Graduate School is best practice for international PhD programs, in particular in the fields of multidisciplinarity, implementation and business co-operation. Partners of the International Graduate School are DaimlerChrysler, Hella, Lufthansa, Siemens, UNITY and Wincor Nixdorf as well as the Dr. Arnold Hueck-Foundation and the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft. 18 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2006

Apprenticeship at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute

The Heinz Nixdorf Institute has the competence and the infrastructure to offer young people a professional training. We have been committing ourselves here for years. We train specialized computer scientists in the area system integration and electronics engineers in the area devices and systems. Usually three trainees start their employment at the Heinz Nixdorf Insti- tute each year.

The career profile of the specialized computer scientist, subject area system integration: Specialized computer scientists analyze, plan and realize information and telecommunication systems. They are available for customers and users for technical consultation, support and training. Typical activity fields for the specialized computer scientist in the area system integration are for example computing centers, networks, Client/Server systems, lane line networks or radio networks. The professional training to specialized computer scientist of system integration lasts 3 years and ends with an examination by the Chamber of Commerce and Indus- try (IHK).

The career profile of the electronics engineer for devices and systems: Typical tasks in this career profile are installing and connecting electrical components, supporting the developers with the manufacturing of samples, maintaining devices and systems as well as measuring and analyzing electrical functions. In addition, IT competences like installing and configuring IT systems or the application of appropriate software is demanded in this occupation. The professional training to electronic engineer for devices and systems takes 3.5 years and ends up with an examination by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry (IHK). This professional training position is offered within the university for the first time and is at present the only offered one. Commitment to support young Researcher 19

Career’s of our graduates

We do not only transfer scientific qualification to our graduates, but also prepare them for executive functions in industry and in science. The following examples show where our graduates work today.

Dr.-Ing. Frank Thielemann Dr.-Ing. Karl-Heinz Gerdes

Company Company UNITY AG FASTEC GmbH

Frank Thielemann is one of three Karl-Heinz Gerdes is the founder members of the board of UNITY AG. and managing director of the The company was founded in the FASTEC GmbH. The company is year 1995 as a Spin-Off from the active in industrial automation with Heinz Nixdorf Institute. It has over emphasis on material flow automa- 130 employees today in several tion in assembling. branch offices. Graduation in 1997 Graduation in 1998 at Professor Gausemeier at Professor Gausemeier

Prof. Dr. Christian Scheideler Prof. Dr. Uwe Glässer

University University Technische Universität München Simon Fraser University, Canada

Christian Scheideler is professor for Uwe Glaesser is associate professor theoretical computer science at TU at the Simon Fraser University, Burn- Munich. His research keys are dis- aby, BC, Canada. He researches in tributed algorithms and data struc- the area of software technology, tures, dynamic networks and secu- computational criminology, compu- rity problems in networks. tational methods for public safety & security and intelligence of system. Graduation in 1997 and Habilitation 2000 at Professor Meyer auf der Graduation in 1992 and Habilitation Heide in 1999 at Professor Rammig

Dr.-Ing. Hubert Vroomen Dr. rer. pol. Astrid Reinshagen

Company Company Philips Electronics Nederland b.v. Merck KGaA

Hubert Vroomen is senior system Astrid Reinshagen leads the in- architect in the department of house management consultants in mechatronics. Leading and manag- the area of information services with ing all innovative projects in the emphasis on production and logis- area of High-End mechatronics and tics. She is responsible for organiza- consumer goods lies in his hands. tions and IT fields.

Graduation in 2000 at Professor Graduation in 1997 Wallaschek at Professor Gausemeier 20 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2006

Internet-based information and communication services

For many companies product innovations and associated ser- developing new products fast and safely and how to bring vices are the substantial lever for lasting success. This applies them into the market from today and tomorrow. In order to in particular to mechanical engineering and related industries assist these companies, we have developed three internet por- like the automobile industry, the electrical industry and the tals together with our partners. These portals support strategic medical technology. The products of these industries are char- product planning (innovation-wissen.de) as well as product acterized by close cooperation of mechanics, electronics and development (TransMechatronic.de and ViProSim.de). software technology. The key word mechatronics expresses this. Furthermore, it is to be stated that such products increas- The structure and the goals of these portals are similar. It is all ingly become “intelligent”. about Mechatronics and self-optimization are the core competence of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. An abundance of methods Information about the topic and tools for the design of modern technical products have Investigation of the actions needed and making the suit- been developed here and at other institutes. There is obviously able methods and tools available and no lack of information and instruments for producing innova- Providing qualified contacts between costumers with spe- tive products. What lacks in particular in the mainly medium- cial need and providers with appropriate services (applica- size companies, is the knowledge about the possibilities of tion of methods, engineering, professional training etc.)

Internet-based information and communication services for product innovations

The Heinz Nixdorf Institute operates – in co-operation with partners – three internet platforms for product innovation – goals: inform as well as establish contacts between customers and providers of services Internet-based information and communication services 21 innovations-wissen.de The specialized portal for strategy and innovation knowledge

More than ever strategy competence is important in particular in mechanical engineering companies and related industries. Strategy competence means recognizing success potentials from tomorrow early and accessing of these success potentials just in time. These mainly medium- size companies are badly prepared for this. There is however no lack of methods, but a lack of knowledge of relevant methods and their application. In BMBF network project “strategic product and process planning (SPP)”, a knowledge base for strategic planning was developed and intro- The guide line market duced exemplary in cooperation with six repre- penetration is one of five sentative member companies of the VDMA. guide lines. Method alternatives and refer- There are manuals, process steps and methods ences to the method as well as Excel-templates, check lists and case selection are assigned to The methods are pre- studies on the website. Thus strategic planning each process step. cisely described and visualized on the basis of products and production systems is made easy. of a picture. Additional information like case Additionally to the studies, how tos etc. are description of the The partners and operators provided. method, tools like Excel- The project partners, Heinz Nixdorf Institute of the Paderborn portfolios are provided. University (Professor Gausemeier), the machine tool laboratory of the RWTH Aachen (Professor Schuh), the chair of product Cooperation with business-wissen.de development TU Munich (Professor Lindemann) as well as the The two specialized portals www.innovations-wissen.de and management consultancy UNITY AG from Büren, have devel- www.business-wissen.de have been cooperating since August oped the knowledge base further to the specialized portal 2006. Approx. 50,000 customers are member of the portal www.innovations-wissen.de for strategy and innovation knowl- www.business-wissen.de and receive up to date management edge. The newly founded company SPP GmbH operates this information. Employees can find practicable contents for their specialized portal. personal further training and the exchange of experiences on the platform. How to work practically with the portal: The knowledge of both specialized portals is available by Based on a short questionnaire about the company’s situation means of a “combination membership”. Internet users can use one of five strategic directions is suggested to the user (market contents of both portals without any limits for an annual price penetration, market innovation, product innovation, market of 79 Euro (instead of the single memberships of 49 euro for product innovation and technology innovation). A guide line is each). assigned to each strategic direction. The guide line market penetration is represented exemplary in the picture (left part). Method alternatives are assigned to each process step. Refer- ences to the method selection (expenditure, method knowledge etc.) are also shown. The methods are precisely described and visualized on the basis of a picture (picture mid- dle part). An example of an Excel-template is represented on the right part of the picture. The user can individually arrange the methods for the appropriate task and save them under “My Innovation”.

Currently, 65 especially in the context of strategic planning described methods are ready for download. 22 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2006

TransMechatronic The specialized portal for mechatronics – information made easy

The Internet portal TransMechatronic helps to minimize the deficits in “known now” in the companies of the addressed industries. The international competitive capability of modern mechanical engineering will depend strongly on using the potentials of the mechatronics in the future. In the meantime, a large number of research projects are being conducted – for example the network projects of the BMBF program “research for production of tomorrow” and the call for proposal “more reliable mechatronics systems”. The knowledge of mechatronics is thus present, it must only be used. It becomes clear that the transfer of the results of the actual technology mechatronics into the mainly medium sized companies becomes increasingly important. The Internet portal TransMechatronic does so, by informing about mechatronics, supporting the companies by determination of the action need and providing contacts to experts.

The internet portal TransMechatronic

Determine the need for action The portal offers two possibilities to enter the website. The first possibility is presenting twelve problem fields and the related solutions approaches (expert contributions). Current network projects are accessible in this way. The second possibility is the “development benchmark mechatronics”. With this possibility a company can examine comprehensibly, whether it is fit for mechatronics and if not, which measures are required in the fields of action human, organization and technology.

Providing contacts We pay special attention to building up a contact data base. Potential cooperation partners, solution providers and experts can be found in this data base. We offer an analysis of the “customer satisfaction”. Only those providers will be accepted, Example for an expert contribution from the internet portal TransMechatronic (Length: 15-20 pages) which can hold their promises from the customer’s point of view. Customers are those who require the services in the area Inform about mechatronics of the mechatronics. By doing so, high-quality contacts are TransMechatronic makes specialized knowledge about mecha- guaranteed. tronics available. Besides a generally comprehensible introduction, there are technology profiles about product and produc- The project TransMechatronic is funded by the Federal Min- tion technologies, information about trends as well as about istry for Education and Research and is attended to by the pro- final and current research projects. Topics from analysis to reli- ject executing organization “Research Center Karlsruhe - pro- ability are deepened in 17 expert contributions. duction and production technologies (PTKA PFT)”. Internet-based information and communication services 23

ViProSim – Virtual Prototyping und Simulation

The Internet portal ViProSim addresses companies, who want to improve their product developing process effectively by the use of virtual prototypes and simulation. Virtual prototyping (VP) means to build and analyze computer models of products in development and production systems. It saves time and money, since the building and testing on real prototypes can be seduced as much as possible. ViProSim transfers knowledge, gives first consultation and provides the contacts to experts and service providers.

Knowledge transfer and consultancy Knowledge transfer covers procedural models, check lists as well as vivid prepared example projects. A procedural model describes e.g. the execution of virtual design reviews in product development. This includes the representation of the application possibilities and use of the methods, suggestions for their integration in the product development process and in Interactive analysis of the dynamic behavior of a multi-body system (feather/spring slope module RailCab) the IT system environment of the company. Check lists help the company to estimate their own situa- Qualified provision of contacts to providers tion, e.g. when introducing a new software package. By doing ViProSim regards itself as neutral broker between the cus- so it can be judged quickly whether the necessary precondi- tomers, who look for tools and services within the area “virtual tions (e.g. availability of data e.g. 3D-models, qualified person- prototyping & simulation”, and the providers, who offer these. nel, hardware etc.) exist. The company can measure by doing The qualified connection between both parties is guaranteed this, how much work is to be carried out for an introduction of by a preceding independent performance evaluation of the pro- the method and/or the tool (training of the employees, opti- viding companies. A company profile of the provider with infor- mization of the process chain, supply of interfaces etc.). mation is provided here, e.g. the performance, and the com- Companies can benefit from the experiences of others with pany development. A performance evaluation of the provider the help of example projects (“Best Practice”), e.g. a project by reference customers helps future customers to select the about the application of an augmented reality system for pro- best provider. duct presentation. The example projects are described in detail, existing problems and their solutions are described, as well as a usage evaluation are presented.

Analysis of grab area Analysis of field of vision Analysis of body burden

Analysis and optimization of assembly work places (system: EM Engineer

Model project OWL ViProSim The development of the portal started in September 2006, together with companies, universities, federation/associations as well as the Chambers of Commerce and Industry of the region East Westphalia- Lippe (OWL). The project executing organization is OWL Maschinenbau e.V., a network of over 150 companies of mechanical engineering and industrial electronics of the region OWL. The Ministry for Work, Health and Social of the country North Rhine-Westphalia funded the model project from the European social fund.

Virtual prototyping of headlight systems with the night driving simulator Virtual Night Drive 24 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2006

Workgroup Portraits Workgroup Portraits

Workgroups of the Institute

Business Computing, especially CIM Producing Economically in Germany Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier

Computer Integrated Manufacturing Recognizing and Exploiting Success Potentials of Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Computers and Society Medi@rena: Arranging, Publishing and Developing Knowledge Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil

Algorithms and Complexity High Performance = Innovative Computer Systems + Efficient Algorithms Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide Workgroup Portraits 25

Workgroup Portraits Workgroup Portraits

Design of Distributed Embedded Systems Distributed Embedded Real-Time Systems Become Manageable Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

System and Circuit Technology Microelectronics – Key Technology and Challenge Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert

Mechatronics and Dynamics Creativity drives Innovation Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallaschek

Parallel Computing Reaching New Magnitudes Through the Efficient Use of Parallel and Distributed Systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien

Applied Science/Integrated Optics Integrated Optics in Lithium Niobate Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler Associated Philosophy of Science Reflection on Science and Technology and Technology Workgroups Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus 26 Workgroup

BusinessBusiness Computing Computing especially CIM especially CIM

Customer A

Manufacturing Level II

Customer B Inventory Supplier I

Inventory Manufacturing Manufacturing Customer C Level I Inventory Level I Manufacturing I Inventory Supplier II

Capacity

Inventory Supplier III

Customer D

Inventory Supplier IV

Customer E

Producing Economically in Germany Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier

Enterprises will still produce in Germany tomorrow, if production, procurement and selling processes meet highest demands for effectiveness and efficiency. This development comprises the increase in product quality as well as ever shorter delivery and turn-around times. In this connection it is necessary to develop innovative procedures which enable enterprises to advance to a status possible today.

http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/cim Business Computing, especially CIM 27

Production and logistic systems for These methods are integrated in a Franke, W., tomorrows demands decision support system for the event- Dangelmaier, W. (Hrsg.): RFID - Leit- In the world-wide struggle for market management in production networks. Pro- faden für die Logis- shares, the strategy of most German duction networks follow different goals, tik, Wiesbaden, enterprises consists to stand out against like the maximization of customer satis- Gabler 2006 the competitors by a product and a ser- faction or minimization of delivery time or vice offer co-ordinated individually for the adoption costs. All these goals within a customers. For the customer the advan- special network have to be ordered, tage is obvious, if commodity and/or ser- strategies for their fulfillment have to be vice do not differ or differ only positively worked out and the single systems of a according to price, quality and delivery hierarchical organized network are to be time from the standard offers. For the arranged with an accordant intelligence. logistics, the challenge consists of inter- During this adoption we consider the connecting most opposite requirements restricted financial as well as factual Busch, A.; to the achievement creation process. The resources. Supply relationships cannot be Dangelmaier, W. increase of the logistics costs is, thereby, adapted in any way, as well as machines (Hrsg.): Integriertes Supply not the basic approach, even if each unit can only be upgraded in close restric- Chain Manage- size must be defined, produced, packed, tions. Today’s investments at a special ment, 2nd edition. made available and transported individu- location are missing tomorrow for the Wiesbaden: Gabler 2004. ally at the end. Thus, it can only concern building of a new factory at another loca- to use all resources more efficiently and tion or the opening of new markets in intelligently. Here is our tool-set. another region. In our courses we aim to show the students the close relationships between capital and supply markets, between hierarchical and progress structures, different forms of production as well as the basic Helmke, S., principles of systems and a development Dangelmaier, W., of innovative solutions through the use of Uebel, M. (Hrsg.): Effektives Cus- the information technology. tomer Relationship Management, 3rd edition. Wies- baden: Gabler 2003.

Dangelmaier, W.: Fertigungsplanung. Dangelmaier, W.; Warnecke, H.-J.: Dangelmaier, W.: Planung von Aufbau und Ablauf der Fertigungslenkung. Planung Produktion und Information, Fertigung – Grundlagen, Algorithmen und Steuerung des Ablaufs der System und Modell. und Beispiele. 2nd edition. diskreten Fertigung. Berlin: Springer 2003. Berlin: Springer 2001. Berlin: Springer 1997. 28 Workgroup

VMP: Forecast based personal and transportation planning

Since 2000, the group of business prognosticated variable (e.g. the main there were stated the deficits within the computing, especially CIM provided transmission stream) is depended on area of internal calendars, processes for application for the prognosis of the more than fifty influence factors. Among the administration prognosis and require- resulting transportation quantity is these partially in occurrence or intensity ments changed by VMP. So, for prognosis used nationwide in the distribution changing influence factors holidays, holi- of future traffic volumes extensive internal centres for a going global logistics ser- days-similar days (e.g. carnival or calendars are needed, which can be vice provide. The primary goal of the mother’s day), vacations as well as other deposited partially due to the complexity, „traffic volume prognosis“ (VMP) is in seasonal effects (e.g. pre-Christmas on the other hand due to their unforesee- the safeguarding of distribution within period) rank there. ability - only for a limited period in the the prescribed period of the transmis- The prognosis accuracy of the trans- future. Apart from the collection and com- sions (with at least 96% reliability) mission quantities and the personnel putation of these data the mechanisms under the premise of minimum per- operational planning could be clearly were implemented, which can ensure a sonnel costs. The daily arriving trans- improved by the employment of the appli- highest possible topicality of prognosis- mission quantity in a distribution cen- cation compared to the predecessor specific data automatically and which sig- tre is subject to the multiplicity of fac- tools. Thus, VMP offers not only the possi- nificantly reduce manual expenditure of tors of influence. The outcome of this bility of providing prognosis over a week- the logistics services. On basis of this is to ensure the customer within a per- plan horizon but also the consideration of changed database and the demand for a sonnel-intensive range the assured local characteristics (e.g. federal state- layer-specific worker planning, the modifi- transportation time and to keep the dependent holidays). Due to the various cation of the prognosis procedure took costs low at the same time. In order to direct and indirect improvements (e.g. the place. The logistics services are also able make this possible, the executed optimization of the capacity offers or a to use VMP as a leading prognosis tool by transmission-mix, which is expendi- higher customer satisfaction) VMP amor- these extensions in the future. ture-divided after product group and tized itself within short time. In order to layer, will be daily prognosticated, the be able to use software during a long resulting personal and transport period economically, it must be continu- demands will be also identified an the ously adapted. capacity offer will be adapted accord- For this reason the group of business ingly. computing, especially CIM assigned to The prognosis of the treated quan- adapt VMP to the conditions of our time tity of transmissions is based on a and also make useful its potentials in the multiple regression model, where one future. In the course of a detailed analysis

trend analysis in VMP

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Daniel Brüggemann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 26 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/cim Business Computing, especially CIM 29

Planning procedure for the multi-level sort manufacturing

It is very significant for the enterprises to increase deliverability and lower production costs. In doing so, there were made many arguable decisions, because the variables of these problems can be estimated only within certain borders. There for, different variants must be considered, where an optimization which would lead only for certain development of the stochastic variables or maybe to wrong decisions. An example of this problem is production planning, where e.g. the demand of manufactured goods or the estimated production speed. Hereby, customers delivery times must be assured, which lie Goal system within the processing time. Delivery difficulties are caused together with bottle- necks in the manufacturing. If the overall lead time is larger than the delivery time, Each kind of optimization must deal The aim of the research project is inevitably achievement creation with two circumstances, if a customized to develop foresighted planning proce- processes are to be released, before the defined achievement is demanded com- dures for multi-level sort manufactur- order will be available to final customer. paratively at short notice: ing. They have to create long-term opti- Each such payment in advance is con- mal plans with optimized reserves and nected with a risk. This risk can be low- The uncertain information situation make it possible to remain deliverable ered, if not only one customized final requires coordinated buffers and a („durable plan”), even if the changes product is reproached but intermediate constant readjusting of the achieve- appear with consequences during pro- products can also be used. ment production (adjustment of mate- cessing time. This has to offer an alter- Beyond that, internal and external rial and/or operational fund existence) native to the procedures of the PPS events increase the risk. External events on possible errors. Yesterdays lot size (production planning and control), are, for example, a subsequent change of is today simply too large and pay- used today, and to support a produc- the customer order, internal events e.g. ments in advance, which were mean- tion system with significantly the damage of the product. An optimal ingful yesterday, can be scrapped improved results. The realization of plan before entrance of an internal or now. the planning procedure takes place external event has induced the current through the connection of new realiza- state with his realized conditions, which The short-term nature of the temporal, tions in the area of the game theory are potentially no longer optimal for fur- quantitative or financial definition and with realizations in the area of fore- ther production now. Moreover, the usual shortness of the horizon with compar- sighted planning. procedures used in production planning atively stable and loadable state- neglect the continuation of production ments, resulting from it, follow in away from the planning horizon. It high-grade dynamic relations with the reflects, however, not the reality again highest cross-linking of all decisions and is a cause of a long-term not optimal at the same time. No supplier can be production. The reason for it is, that the sure that he receives his next contract. planning procedures for the production Even if an order comes, it can possibly continuation do not create reserves for lead to significant changes in a whole additional customer inquiries, for exam- chain of achievement production ple stocks and machine capacities. stages.

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Jan Wesemann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 79 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/cim 30 Workgroup

Behavior oriented self-optimization Planning in dynamic environments

The procedures within the subproject A2 behavior place the basis for planning pro- „Behavior-oriented optimization“ of the cedures, calculate reactions for particu- „SFB 614 - Self-optimizing Concepts and larly probable events in advance, instead Structures in Mechanical Engineering“ of reacting only when occurring to these. were developed, which optimize the Since it is not possible to provide an expenditure input and output of mecha- adapted behavior plan for all possible tronic systems. The aim of the develop- future developments, the treatment of ment is intelligent technical products, stochastic environmental influences must which can adapt to the requirements of be supplemented with procedures, which their users and the environment dynami- find a new valid plan very fast and reliably cally. Usually mechatronic systems react if unexpected events (in particular distur- only to changes in their environment and bances) occur. In order to improve the requirements of the users. The objective security and stability of the information of the project in the current request phase technology in mechatronic systems, a is to determine behavior adjustment by planning procedure was developed, planning in advance, so that reactions do which, after the loss of individual com- not take place directly and temporally puter knots, has been accomplished to retarded. With the development of plan- get the stable and safe condition again- ning procedures for mechatronic systems within the shortest time and redistributes there must be considered in particular the software processes . On the other varied experience in integration of mecha- hand, a procedure for finding suitable tronic systems and subsystems among cooperation partners was realized for themselves, as well as stochastic influ- mechatronic systems, which are only cou- ences from the environment and the prin- pled over communication (so called „net- ciple essential consideration of continu- worked mechatronic systems“, VMS). The ous processes. procedure was used, in order to realize a Over the last years the procedures self-optimization process which makes were developed, which can model and the involved systems possible to accom- forecast the stochastic influences from plish cooperation despite egoistic goals. the environment. There were combined In cooperation with the group of Com- techniques of „Probabilistic Reasoning“ puter Integrated Manufacturing, the (about the probability models) with multi- developed procedures are documented in agent technology, in order to provide time form of effect samples. The philosophy is and situation-dependent coincidence to use a semiformal description form, in model by communication and interaction order to be able to take already success- Agent interaction for creation a concurrence in the multi-agent system time for the ful used forms of the self-optimization up model planned behavior of mechatronic sys- during the draft of new systems. Besides tems. The current information about the the documentation of the new procedures environment of mechatronic systems is the existing effect sample model is utilised for behavior planning. The pro- extended, in order to perform better the vided coincidence models of the planned requirements in the product draft.

Supported by: SFB 614 - Self-optimizing Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Benjamin Klöpper E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 50 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/cim Planning for mechatronic systems as a self-optimizing process Business Computing, especially CIM 31

ACDC - Automotive chassis development for 5-Days Cars Optimized planning and control of global delivery networks

The processing time of a customer order amounts 40 days from the incoming order to the distribution of the vehicle to the customer in the European automobile industry. The goal of the European 5-Day- Car-Initiative (5DC) is to develop new logistic, technical and engineer-moderate Customize To Order Prozess concepts, which can lower the run time of such order up to five days. ACDC is one Process automation for better collabo- The international consortium of of the projects of the 5DC. The goal of ration during planning and control ACDC with partners like BMW Group, ACDC is to develop a new innovative process with simultaneous considera- Volkswagen AG, CEA France, Mandator planning and control system, which can tion of existing economic basic condi- Sweden, ZF Friedrichshafen, Siemens improve the present planning and control- tions. VDO and Fraunhofer IAO is under guid- ling of the material flow within the deliv- Event management and event han- ance of Continental Automotive Sys- ery networks of the European automobile dling by the development of real time tem and the ERPC GmbH. Heinz Nix- industry radically and fulfil the necessary methods with the event declaration dorf Institute of the University of efficiency criteria for the manufacturing of and the operational event adaptation. Paderborn, represented by the group 5-Days-Cars. Supply network planning on the basis of business computing, especially As a logistic core concept is to com- of innovative methods for the optimal CIM, is assigned the leading role pile the approach „Dynamic Planning organization of the delivery networks within the range of strategy develop- Loops“ (DPL) for efficient and automated during introduction of new vehicle ment of the planning concept collaboration during planning and con- variants. „Dynamic Planning Loops”, forecast- trolling of the delivery network in ACDC. ing, IT communication, security and The DPLs are a plain organized, feeding New mechatronic components, which reliability of processes and event man- back planning process and is based on make the individualizing of the vehicles agement in the project. Heinz Nixdorf the application of new and innovative with the help of software configuration in Institute, as the central research part- methods within the ranges: the manufacturing process as late as pos- ner, takes over the cross section func- Forecasting, with the help of which sible, serve as enabler, so called Cus- tion for the integration of the project clearly more reliable results, are to be tomize-to-order (CtO). These components areas mechatronics and logistics plan- obtained by the use of past-oriented allow the transition of Built-to-order pro- ning and coordinates content ques- causal data and their integration into duction system to CtO within the automo- tions within the range of Supply net- collaborative optimised forecasting bile industry and, by this, reduce the com- work management. procedures on quantity production plexity of the entire planning process in networks. the delivery network.

Supported by: EU-Projekt ACDC

Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Andre Döring E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 69 12 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

Dynamic Planning Loops http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/cim 32 Workgroup

d³ FACT insight multi-user material flow simulation within the digital factory

its execution. All actions are processed and handled directly in the simulator. He himself is a independent object, so that he can influence the simulation run. By this tool, the development and deployment of simulation models in a virtual, 3D-environment during all phases within the digital factory is allowed. The close connection between simulation data and their visualization is

Visualisation module multi-user modelling module enhanced by the integrated data environment with the centralized client/sever architecture. D³FACT insight as the resulting material flow simulator allows teams of simulation experts to design and implement a material flow model, cooperatively and immersive in a virtual environment. The model itself can be simulated in an input- as well as output-oriented manner. Beside object-oriented material flows, furthermore manufacturing processes, which 3D-Visualisation Analyser are organized in a functial oriented way can be build up. The development of the During the virtual planning and ensuring simulator is coupled to actual research of manufacturing processes, the simula- projects (DFG-project BAMSI), in order to tion of material flows is an established integrate actual research result at the ear- method, which allows the user to create liest possible time. For example, even and handle models in a dynamic environ- today the level of detail of the simulation ment. These models are necessary, model can be changed during its execu- Supported by: because economic and flexible designs tion in a simulation run, in the visualiza- DFG Projekt BAMSI assume, that actual as well as future situ- tion as well as in the simulation model ations are regarded concerning their itself. New algorithms to display complex, dynamic coherency. The optimization of three-dimensional scenes are developed Project Partner: these complex manufacturing processes and integrated in the 3D-visualization arvato logistics services can only be achieved by the use of valid module in a close cooperation to the and verified dynamic models, which working group of „algorithms and com- means with the application of simulation. plexity”. Parallel to its further develop- Contact: Although complex projects in these ment, the designed tool is tested in prac- Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Christoph Laroque areas are handled typically by teams, tical projects of our cooperative partners E-mail: [email protected] existing software tools don’t offer and and the teaching lessons. By this, new Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 25 multi-user environments. The material requirements from the practice can be Dipl.-Wirt. Ing. Daniel Huber flow simulator d³FACT insight, which is identified and solutions can be devel- E-mail: [email protected] actually developed by the working group oped. Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 31 Business Computing, esp. CIM, allows the isochronic, cooperative modeling and Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Mark Aufenanger E-mail: [email protected] simulating of simulation experts on one Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 62 simulation model. Every user of d³FACT insight is an immersive viewer of a virtual, Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Nando Rüngener three-dimensional scene; he is able to E-mail: [email protected] interact with the simulation model during Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 77

Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82 http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/cim Business Computing, especially CIM 33

Learning from the successful Systematical developing of efficiency potentials of medium-sized mechanical engineering

Motivation The increasing concentration of enterprises on their core authority and the expansion of the production network leads to an increasing complexity and meaning of the control of the enterprise- Step-by-step-concept of „OWL Maschinenbau” internal and comprehensive added value processes. Large enterprises have devel- enterprises must take place there. For this arranged with the help of the Best oped methods and tools for the process task, a basis is needed to analyze an Practice approach. In addition, a plat- optimization. In addition, there were com- enterprise, to identify problems, to select form is developed, which makes it piled results together with the science in solution components and to transfer possible to identify many promising cooperative research projects, which these to the respective situation of the Best Practice partner from industry make process control for small and enterprise (in particular its size). This task and research. In the critical implemen- medium-sized enterprises also possible. is concerned with the project „Learning tation phase a support finally takes Also for medium-sized enterprises, from the successful“, a model project in place in the form of coaching mea- the economic development depends contexts of the federal initiative „Partner sures. increasingly on how they can set up them- for Innovation“ by the group of business selves in the international competition. computing, especially CIM in cooperation Results They can only manage this by getting bril- with the chair for production systems of As reference enterprises for this proce- liant achievements both within the range the Ruhr University Bochum and the range dural model two medium-sized tradi- of their core authority and in the support- of the logistics of the technical University tion enterprises could be won over the ing working fields. The optimization of the of Berlin. The coordination of the project combination „OWL Maschinenbau”. enterprise-internal and in particular enter- is taken by the federation „OWL Maschi- The first phase ended with large suc- prise-comprehensive processes was given nenbau”. cess, whereas the interposition of Best so far only little attention in the medium- A concept consisting of three phases Practice knowledge had already taken sized business or the enterprises were was developed. In the first phase, „Quick- part. Thus, results of one participated overextended with this task. check“, supply chain specific processes enterprise in the BMBF project Coa- of the enterprise are analyzed in the stan- genS were brought in form of a guide- Approach dardized operational sequence, visu- line for the implementation of active In order to concern this problem, an alised and identified problems fields. supplier management. In addition, active knowledge transfer of Best Practice According to the shown weak points opti- example solutions could be identified enterprise (i.e. in particular larger enter- mization capabilities are quantitatively with the Best Practice partner enterprises, which developed the wide-area evaluated, in order to offer a decision prise and presented in Workshops. method within the range of the process basis to the enterprises for the selection optimization) and research results from from main topics. In the second phase a network projects to the medium-sized strategy and a measure planning is

Supported by: OWL Maschinenbau

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Thorsten Timm E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 63 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82 scheme of the basic project idea http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/cim 34 Workgroup

Computer Integrated Computer Integrated ManufacturingManufacturing

Recognizing and Exploiting Success Potentials of Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Product and production process innovations are important levers for ensuring prosperity and employment in the future. Mechanical engineering and related areas, such as automotive industry, are playing a key role today. These sectors likewise demonstrate the relevant success potentials of the future. It is essential to identify these potentials early and to exploit them on time.

http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/rip Computer Integrated Manufacturing 35

Creating Products Today for the Mar- Our spin-off UNITY AG is the first point kets of Tomorrow of contact when it comes to implementing Information has become the fourth large these services in practice. More than 130 factor of production. The wide-scale use employees are pleased to assist you of information and communication tech- (http://www.unity.de). nology not only leads to an increased pro- The aim of our educational courses is ductivity but also to the creation of new to give our students a comprehensive products and new markets. overview of modern industrial companies, Our general goal is to increase com- to highlight the success potentials of the petitiveness of industrial companies in future and to illustrate ways of achieving the information age. With this in mind, we these. Our students get the competencies develop methods and procedures on the which are important in the industry of Integrative Entwicklung räumlischer elektronis- basis of a four-level model. tomorrow. cher Baugruppen. Carl Hanser Verlag 2006

Scenario-level: At this level we antici- pate developments in markets and technologies in order to identify opportunities, but as well threats for today’s established business, early. Strategy-level: At this level we develop business, product and technology strategies in order to set the course of the company’s business success of tomorrow. Process-level: This level involves the design of processes of goods and services. The focus lies on the production creation process, that involves the activities strategic product planning, Produktinnovation – Ein Handbuch für die Vernetzte Produktentwicklung – Ein systematis- Strategische Planung und Entwicklung der cher Handlungsleitfaden für den Aufbau eines product development and production Produkte von morgen. Carl Hanser Verlag 2001 internetbasierten Wissensmanagements für die system development. We primary Produktentwicklung. Carl Hanser Verlag 2006 address mechatronic products, i.e. products, which are characterized by a strong interaction of mechanics, electronics and software engineering. Therefore we offer a wide systematics for the development and the production planning for mechatronic products. System-level: IT systems are deployed at this level. These systems allow an efficient innovation management (product- and production data management) as well as the analysis and simulation of product features and production processes (virtual prototyping, virtual production).

Four-level model of forward-looking management of industrial companies 36 Workgroup

Technology study Mechatronics / MID A study on behalf of the research association 3-D MID e.V.

Companies often recognize rising requirements regarding miniaturization and rationalization during the development and the production of mechatronic products. Innovative technologies are an important lever for the improvement of mechatronic products. With the Techno- logy MID (Molded Interconnect Devices) mechanical and electrical functions are integrated in one component. MID-housing of a minirobot – One of the most Many companies recognized the high komplex MID-parts worldwide which was developed tohgether with Siemens CT usage potential of the Technology MID and utilize it successfully. Other companies observe the technology and wait, until the last barriers are removed. So far there are no reliable data, which give an MID-market spreading overview of the market spreading as well as of the still existing barriers. The MID The MID manufacturers have innova- study 2006 gives here helpful informa- tive products in planning. It indicates tion. everything to new MID products in the coming years. MID market Germany The market for contract manufacturing The market analysis covers the German grows strongly. MID market. The size of the market and its The very high investment ratio of the development in the period from 2004 to MID manufacturers brings the neces- 2008 are determined. Additionally, state- sary impulses for the coming years. ments about key player, industries, realized product functions and manufacture Chances and barriers in the execution procedures are announced. The amount of MID projects of the investments into the Technology The Technology MID stands before the MID by the companies is specified and breakthrough from the pacemaker to the classified according to the kind of invest- key technology. It applies to overcome ment. Those are the core statements of however some barriers: There are general the market analysis: barriers like too few MID manufacturers and technical barriers like the handling of the complexity of MID components. The latter might be the reason that the serial products Purchaser: realized so far are Forschungsvereinigung Räumliche Elektronische relatively simple. Baugruppen 3-D MID e.V. The study shows how to overcome these barriers and Contact: how MID can be Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Thomas Peitz E-mail: [email protected] used successfully. Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 35

Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Ingo Kaiser E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 60

Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68 Cover of the MID-study 2006 http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/rip Computer Integrated Manufacturing 37

Integration of mechanics and electronics Product optimization MID

The Technology MID (Molded Interconnect functions are distributed on several com- Devices) opens new perspectives for the ponents, by only one MID component design of mechatronic products. MID with the same function complexity. For parts are spatial injection-molded-parts, example, the printed circuit board and which integrate electronic and mechani- the housing of a series terminal were cal functions. Substantial advantages of replaced by an MID housing. The assem- the Technology MID are high function blies were miniaturized and assembly- density, reduction of the components expenses were reduced in this way. amount and spatial design freedom. We used the Technology MID for product opti- Development of a sensor-radio-module mization in industrial projects. The integration of electronics and software into formerly pure mechanical pro- Product optimization at Weidmüller ducts enables the reduction of compo-

Weidmüller is a leading manufacturer of nents and new functions. This can be Component reduction by function integration components of the electrical connection demonstrated clearly by the example of technique for energy and data transfer. To safety systems for sport boats. Conven- the product portfolio of the company tional man-over-board systems, so called belong series terminals, plugin- and Quickstops, are based on a ripcord fas- printed circuit board connectors, Indus- tened to the human body. The movement trial Ethernet components etc. The main is therefore restricted. This mechanical applications of Weidmüller products are solution was replaced by an innovative switchgear cabinets and in field wiring. mechatronical principle. The new princi- Substantial success factors are miniatu- ple is based on a water sensor, which re- rization, high function density and manu- cognizes a man-over-board situation and facturing costs. releases an immediate emergency stop by The Technology MID can support these radio. goals. In the project „potential identifica- We have developed this sensor-radio- tion MID“ we compiled MID product con- module for MSG Marine Safety Guard cepts which identify the potential of GbR. The result is a matchbox-sized mo- improvement towards the products in dule, which can be carried at the body. conventional technologies. The procedure Mechanics and electronics are integrated Differential assembly method: The printed circuit in the project covers four steps: in a waterproof, ergonomically shaped board plug connector is replaced with a MID con- 1) Analyze the strengths and weak- housing. The radio transmitter has a cept with same function complexity (manufacturers: Weidmüller) nesses of the conventional assembly range of over 20 meters. LEDs indicate the 2) Evaluate the attractiveness of the operating condition. The module serves Technology MID additionally as a theft safety device: the 3) Develop the MID principle solutions engines cannot be started without a sig- 4) Quantify the improvements by the nal of the associated module. Technology MID

Weidmüller could replace con- Project Partner: ventional assemblies, which Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. MSG Marine Safety Guard GbR

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Thomas Peitz E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 35

Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Ingo Kaiser E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 60

Differential assembly method: The I/O plug is replaced with a MID con- Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68 cept with same function complexity (manufacturers: Weidmüller) http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/rip 38 Workgroup

Intelligent mechatronic systems Design methods in the special project field SFB 614

Self-optimizing systems of mechanical be adapted to changing conditions during engineering the design. For each process step, a Future systems of mechanical engineering method data base gives the developer will consist of configurations of system suggestions of design methods and spe- elements with inherent partial intelli- cification techniques, which are appropri- gence. The behaviour of the system will ate for the description of the develop- be marked by communication and coop- ment results. Furthermore the knowledge eration of these intelligent system ele- basis contains solution patterns for the realization of functions for self-optimization. Requirements Application Scenarios Functions An instrument like this enables thirds 2 Geometry brake down tran. to develop intelligent mechatronic sys- 2.1 Length l : 6600 mm Know- Know- Acceleration ges ledge- ledge- Width w : 2420 mm base base 2.2 ges brake down rota- tems. tory acceleration 2.3 Height h : 2855 mm brake down ges acceleration 2.4 Distance dBo. : >400 mm absorb frequency 2.5 Distance b : 1435 mm Track- Track- Spur Domain-spanning description of the section x sectiony principle solution Behavior The crucial milestone during the design Environment process is the principle solution. It speci- 0..10 Switch User measure 1 z1 z1 z1

1 S2

uses fies the fundamental structure and the measure Calculate drives on z2 z2 VSky.

transports z2 speed Skyhook coordinates

1..* System of Coherent 1

measure Calculate system behaviour. It forms the condition Shuttle y y F Partial Models y attenuation Sky. affects Environ- 1 force ment affects *

* connects connects for communication and cooperation of the * F =d *V

directs Sky S abs drives on

powers and d adjustable 1..2 s by s.o. !? Trace 3 affects * Segment specialists from the involved domains affects mechanics, electronics, control and software engineering in the course of further System of Objectives Active Structure Shape concretization. We developed and suc- V User Costs interface Controller Cross Z1.1.1 acceleration F* cessfully tested a new specification tech- ax: 2m/s² Working- ay: 2m/s² point- control nique for the domain-spanning descrip- Horizontal I I Acceleration Drive- Drive- Z1.1 Min. Z1.1.2 acceleration module 1 I I module 2 start acceleration a: 1m/s² tion of the principle solution of a complex brake acceleration a: 1m/s² F F X V brake acceleration fast a: 1,15m/s² X Comfort F Z1 Max. mechatronic system. The different views Langitudinal M F Z1.1.3 acceleration on the system can be described and rep- Layers and appropriate Partial models for the description of the principle solution of an intelligent resented computer-based as partial mo- mechatronics system dels (see picture left) with this specifica- ments. The term self-optimization charac- tion technique. terizes this perspective: Self optimizing This specification technique opens systems with inherent „intelligence“, new perspectives for the early description Supported by: which are able to react autonomously and of the conceptions of a complex machine- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) flexible to changing operating conditions. structural system. Self-optimizing systems are mechatronic systems, which use the para- Project Partner: digm of self-optimization in addition Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil Wilhelm Dangelmaier to the classical control mechanisms. Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wilhelm Schäfer Universität Paderborn Design methods Neither for mechatronics, nor for optimizing systems is an established Contact: development methodology. In the Dr.-Ing. Ursula Frank E-mail: [email protected] subproject B2, an integrative development method was developed, Dipl.-Inf. Sebastian Pook which covers five areas (picture on E-mail: [email protected] the right). Depending on the development Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 61 task, a knowledge basis makes Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68 established design processes for the http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/rip developer available. The process can Design instruments for self optimizing systems Computer Integrated Manufacturing 39

Virtual Prototyping Synthesis/Analysis of Mechatronic Systems in VR

Mechatronic Systems are based on the interrelationships by means of synergetic integration of Solution Ele- energy-, material- and informa- ments. They encapsulate the engineering tion-flows. In the following step, expertise, which makes proven solutions system analysis, the dynamic reusable for further tasks of construction. behaviors of the systems will Nowadays, the engineers are facing the then be analyzed and visualized challenge to efficiently analyze a large in real time. The fundamental of mount of potential settings of solution the simulation concerns a multi- elements, in order to achieve an optimal body system (VORTEX, CM-Labs) configuration for a tasks definition. The and the corresponding controls synthesis and analysis of different system (Matlab/Simulink, Mathworks). configurations are normally complicate, The interpretation of the results that causes the search of solution to be is simplified by the visualization restricted to a few, well-known schemes metaphors: colorful annotations Composing the assembly structure of a chassis for the railway for the time and cost limitations. are used to indicate the strength system RailCab A new design environment, which and the direction of forces and supports interactive synthesis and analy- moment; animation of 3D models repre- sis of mechatronic systems from solution sents the simulated behavior of the elements, should relieve the engineer in mechatronic system. the future. It should be able to shorten The engineers interact with the system the time of development and improve the through two interfaces: the creation and quality of the design. The basic approach visualization of the 3D model are per- is the interactive composition of solution formed by means of hand gestures in a elements in a virtual environment. In the 3D-Stereo projection setting. The 2D- first step, the system synthesis, the engi- Information, such as the active structure neers interactively arranges the assembly of control models, is represented in paral- structure. Therefore, they use 3D-models lel on a touch-screen and can be modified of solution elements from a construction interactively. library. In parallel, the active structure of This design environment is resulted the assembled system will be automati- from the subproject B3 belonging to Col- cally deduced by the design system. The laborative Research Centre 614 — „Self- active structure represents the relevant optimizing concepts and structures in configurations of solution elements (con- mechanical engineering“. troller, sensors, and actuators) and their

Supported by: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)

Project Partner: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

Contact: Dr.-Ing. Qing Shen E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 26

Dr.-Ing. Rafael Radkowski E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 28

Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68 Synthesis / Analysis Cycle in the composition of mechatronic systems http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/rip 40 Workgroup

Strategic product and technology planning with the technology data base Computer aided technology roadmapping

Successful innovation needs knowledge Functions: It involves a regular list here of about technologies. In order to identify, to generic functions, which consist in each harmonize and to profit from the chances case of a noun (material, energy or infor- from the technological development and mation) and a verb. The functions are the development from markets, we deve- based on relevant work of BIRKHOFER and loped a concept for technology planning LANGLOTZ. If a technology is taken up to and introduced it to companies in the data base, then its relation with the mechanical engineering and the electrical built-in functions has to be made. industry. Applications: The substantial information The core of the to applications is the statements for prob- concept for tech- lem definition, for requirements and for Overview nology planning at the desired function mode. Functions and the Heinz Nixdorf the connections to the technologies, Institute is a data which can support these functions, result base, which sup- from the analysis of applications. ports both the Market segments: An application can be technology push - assigned to a market segment or several which applications market segments. We describe the market can be developed segments in detail and future-oriented with a certain tech- through market und environment scena- nology? - and the rios. automatically generated technology market pull - which The picture on the left shows screen- roadmap technologies help shots of the technology data base, among to solve an identi- other things with an automatically genera- fied application? ted technology roadmap. A technology Abstract of the The simplified data roadmap is a plan. We can develop from automatically generated technology model of the data this plan, when and which technologies report base is represen- are to be run for what market service. The ted in the picture. chances from the technological develop- Screenshots of the technology data base of the The substantial entities are described in ment and the development of markets Heinz Nixdorf institute the following: can be represented together and coordi- Technologies: The meta data and further nated. information (descriptions, graphics etc.) The contents of the data base are reg- are mapped here to a technology, like ularly updated. We use among others bib- “electronic ink” or “nano pierce”. liometrical procedures and Delphi inquiries for the purpose.

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Stephan Ihmels E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 37

Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Christoph Wenzelmann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 64

Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68 http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/rip Simplifying semantic data model of the technology data base Computer Integrated Manufacturing 41

Product Presentation with Augmented Reality Innovative presentation for complex products

Marketing plays a crucial role in the com- Demonstrator for a show stage petition for customer’s attention. The cen- An innovative presentation scenario for a tral question for consideration is: Why is show stage has been developed in coope- one’s own product better than the com- ration with the Hettich Holding GmbH & petitors’? It is a challenge to answer this Co. oHG. The presentation theme is a dis- question briefly and concisely, since the cussion between customer and consul- crucial defining characteristics of a pro- tant regarding the functionality and duct are often hidden in its details. advantages of a product, e.g. a hinge. Since these products are small and usu- AR presentation system ally hidden in furniture, they are difficult Augmented Reality (AR) allows the inser- to present descriptively to a large audi- tion of context sensitive computer-gener- ence. Using the AR presentation system, ated information (3D models, graphics or hidden components of a product (such as Insertion of virtual objects (here an increased text) into the user’s field of view. hinges in a cupboard) can be virtually hinge) into the users view. The AR presentation system consists extracted from the product and strongly mainly of a motion tracking system, video magnified, allowing fine details to be dis- cameras for image recording, and a large played and easily explained. projector for rendering with public appeal. s well as displaying the individual Virtual objects may be inserted into the component details, users can also visua- scene using the tracking information to lize the entire furniture. It is therefore ensure the right position and orientation. possible to configure a complete kitchen, Using gesture recognition, users can inter- or arrange a real apartment with virtual actively manipulate these objects in a furniture. number of ways. For example, very small The AR presentation system opens objects can be magnified in order to dis- fascinating perspectives for furniture play more details. In order to inspect the sales at the point of sale as well as at inside of a product, the enclosing assem- home via Internet. blies and components may be displayed transparently. There are nearly no limitations to the manipulation of virtual Interaction with the system (here selection of a objects. website).

Project Partner: Hettich Holding GmbH & Co. oHG

Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Sven-Kelana Christiansen E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 52 51|60 62 33 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68 Configuration of the presentation system: 1 AR presentation (the video picture is enriched by a 3D-Model of the product), 2 actors, 3 tracking system, 4 camera. http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/rip 42 Workgroup

Computers and Society Computers and Society

Medi@rena: Arranging, Publishing and Developing Knowledge Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil

Integrated augmentation of knowledge work through digital media has become a primary challenge for our society. “Web 2.0” notions such as Folksonomies or Mashups indicate that distributed cooperative technologies supporting integrative knowledge organisation will provide a leading competitive edge. With the conceptualization of “Medi@rena” we have added another innovative element to the domain of integrated distributed knowledge organization.

http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/iug Computers and Society 43

on September 2nd as part of the three day public programme “Informatik überzeugt” in the Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum. The university project “Locomotion: Low Cost Multimedia Production and Organisation” in which the research group has a leading role, as well as our other ongoing projects performed with continu- ing success. The “Mistel” project for example succeeded to generate federated search requests to library systems and to import the respective objects to bibliographical data into a virtual knowledge Co-active knowledge work with sTeam: Always a step ahead. space where they can be further manipu- lated (in accord with copyright legisla- versity – Update Bologna”. At the accom- tion). In doing so, the university library panying exhibition the University of Pader- can provide virtual seminar apparati. Lec- born was the only university of North turers and students can individually Rhine Westphalia (NRW) which showed an arrange digitally published articles, books integrated learning environment named or eJournals in their personal knowledge “KoaLA: Ko-aktives Lernen und Arbeiten” space and link and combine them with (Co-active Learning and Working). KoaLA their own materials. The next step will is based on open sTeam which has been implement the reverse direction, allowing developed at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute users to export objects or documents from and is used by a variety of organisations. their virtual knowledge spaces to a library In doing so, the University of Paderborn system. has made an important leap forward on its These implementations are very help- way to becoming an eUniversity ful in the context of learning, but they also Similar approaches are also viable in support a variety of cooperative knowl- the domain of eGovernment. The city of edge work. The “RFID Support Centre” Rheda-Wiedenbrück hired the research comprises a consortium of research insti- Lernstatt Paderborn is ready for the future. group Computers and Society as an advi- tutes in NRW which want to increase their sor in the context of the “T-City” competi- competitiveness. By exchanging ideas and To be able to assess and unlock the tion of the “Deutsche Telekom AG”. In knowledge at an early stage of develop- potential of digital media in society cooperation with citizens and city officials ment synergetic effects on the way from due to its growing adoption, it we developed the concept and implemen- basic research to application develop- becomes increasingly necessary to tation prodedures of a regional knowledge ment are created, and allow for an explo- design computing systems adhering to space called “:rw)² Regionaler Wissens- ration of new potentials. The platform the context of usage. Topics and raum Rheda-Wiedenbrück”. The goal is to which is used by the consortium members approaches that have now become an implement an information space aug- is built by the research group Computers integral part in public discussions as menting the geographical space of the city and Society based on the “open sTeam” well as within the scientific community in all its facets and with all its relations system and is continually adapted to their have been initiated and conducted as (private, economic, cultural, etc.) and to needs during the initial three year project investigations in our research group add additional local and external services. phase. over the course of several years. Con- One of the subprojects of :rw)² builds This year also saw a strongly growing cepts which have been key elements upon the experiences gained in develop- demand for the expertise of Prof. Keil, in our work for a long time are now ing the “Lernstatt Paderborn”. These have research group’s leader and Prof. Hampel. gaining broad attention in the advent been edited and published by Prof. Rein- Aside from their many activities as advi- of Web 2.0. hard Keil and Detlef Schubert. The two sors it should be emphasized that Prof. This became apparent at the 3rd editors could win a couple of renowned Hampel successfully passed his Habilita- congress “education quality forum” authors commenting the approach with an tion and was hired by the University of (November 8th to 9th, 2006 at the outside perspective and admiring its Vienna as a guest professor for the field of “Internationales Kongresszentrum importance and openness for future “Programming cooperative Systems”. Bundeshaus Bonn”), entitled “eUni- developments. The book was presented 44 Workgroup sTeam - “Structuring Information in a Team” Development and Expansion of Community Platforms Based on Virtual Knowledge Spaces

Teamwork is knowledge work and Technology at the University of Paderborn includes all aspects ranging from since October 2006 and is at disposal for research and joint processing to transfer all university members not only for spe- and publication. Thereby, different tech- cial teaching-learning scenarios, but also niques will be employed, which, in accor- to spread and systematically process dance with the respective task and team knowledge in the long run. need to be configured exactly. Here, the In cooperation with the research com- basic architecture for the realization of vir- munity “Sifa-Langzeitstudie” a special tual knowledge spaces “open-sTeam” community platform has been developed turned out to be the ideal basis; not an for the exchange between security spe- individual platform is in the centre of con- cialists and has now been run for one year Community platform for the RFID Support Centre siderations, but an extendable ensemble by the University of Dresden. of functions and virtual knowledge space The RFID-support centre, which is a configurations. The following examples collaborative initiative between research illustrate how multifaceted the linked institutes in NRW, maintains a jointly applications become through this. developed web-based platform, specially In Paderborn, in addition to the adapted to the initiative’s needs. Here, department of computer science, numer- open-sTeam serves to self-administer ous sections of the faculty of mechanical working groups of different subjects. engineering intensively use open-sTeam Due to these versatile requirements for internal cooperation and knowledge open-sTeam’s capacity to be extended exchange. In this context, classical forms and configured has been enhanced proof asynchronous communication, such as foundly. In this context, additional mod-

Collaborative product management for forums and chat, will be linked with modules, such as a chat-applet, calendar, NXP Semiconductors in Hamburg ern wiki-technology and, for instance, quota-system, extension of search func- applied to documenting/protocolling tionalities, extended wiki-functionalities, experiments within a practical course. In didactic scenarios, as, for instance, pyra- university didactics and media studies, mid discussions, thesis-criticism-replica didactic scenarios for discourse structur- methods, software for the planning of ing, as, for example, pyramid discussions processes, as well as many other compo- or thesis-criticism-replica methods, are nents may be installed on the server at applied in teaching with digital support run-time. Since the presented community- based on open-sTeam. platforms are based on open-sTeam, Since more than two years, the Deci- these server extensions may also be used

Cooperation platform for the exchange between sion Support & Operations Research Lab for the platforms mentioned above. This security specialists throughout Germany of computer science in Paderborn main- way, different core features of online com- tains its own sTeam server, having ported munities can be realized and used in vari- the learning management system ous application contexts. OpenSMT to open-sTeam technologies. The increasing number of web appli- Resulting from the cooperation with NXP cations using open-sTeam as their main Semiconductors in Hamburg, special pro- architecture shows the success of the ject management software was devel- approach to use virtual knowledge spaces oped, which makes particular use of the to support processes of cooperation rang- ability to generate and make available dif- ing from WWW-based web content man- ferent kinds of access structures to agement to mature community platforms. stronger enhance internal cooperation. Thus, many of the developments dis- In the context of the Locomotion pro- cussed today in the context of Web 2.0 ject, a modern community platform has are already available in an integrated Contact: been created, which employs current architecture. Prof. Dr. Thorsten Hampel Web 2.0 technologies and provides them E-mail: [email protected] on an integrated level in line with eLearn- Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 22 ing support. This platform for co-active Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14 learning and working (koala) is run by the http://www.open-steam.org Centre for Computer Science and Media Computers and Society 45

ELCH E-Learning for vocational education in the chemical industry

Despite numerous backdrops and barriers usability requirements, the scientific eval- eLearning has become a standard ele- uation aims at ensure that the actual ment in general education as well as results will be open to future develop- vocational training. In the long run learn- ments. Consequently, we also help the ing processes based on e-learning have to project members to acquire the respec- be combined with working processes to tive competences needed to design high explore and utilize the great variety of quality learning environments. In the informal learning procedures. The ELCH beginning of the project we held a work- project is positioned between informal shop providing the developers in the pro- learning procedures and formal learning ject team with general design guidelines processes which are based on a defined and ergonomic concepts. curriculum and respective courses and Due to the promising results, the grant lectures. has been extended by the BMBF in The ELCH portal with demonstration modules ELCH abbreviates “E-Learning for autumn 2006 for another year. The goal of chemical professions” and is coordinated the second project phase is to completely by the Weiterbildungs-Stiftung (WBS) of consolidate the learning materials and to the chemical industry. The goal is, to sup- introduce cooperative features into the port the educational processes within the learning platform. The latter will serve to chemical industry for professions related augment informal learning processes and to science and technology by providing to improve the embedment into the insti- selected multimedia-based learning tutional structures of the participating materials. Special emphasis is placed on companies used (e.g. security depart- supporting the coaches in training the ments, external vocational schools, students during their work in the com- learned professions). At the beginning of pany. the second phase, another workshop will Explaining working principles using animations The modules strongly reflect industrial be organized for the developers this time and videos needs as well as state of the art didactics mediating design principles for imple- and are applicable in a most flexible way menting communicative and cooperative to allow coaches as well as students to functions. adapt them to their daily needs (in their The grant for project “ELCH” from the companies). To accomplish this, a spe- Bundesministerium für Bildung und cific learning management system has Forschung (BMBF) is part of a larger fund- been developed which will be incorpo- ing programme which is called “Neue rated – later in the project – into an inter- Medien in der Bildung (New Media in Edu- net portal through which companies of cation)“. This grant is supplemented with the chemical industry may obtain reason- funds from the »Europäischen Sozial- ably priced access conditions. Learning fonds (ESF, European Social Fund)«. The modules are also designed to support “Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raum- Descriptions containing dynamic illustrations individual learning in a self-organization. fahrt (DLR)” acts as the project executing Several companies such as Degussa organization of the BMBF. AG, Höchst AG, Provadis GmbH and Creos GmbH are engaged in the project which is supported by a grant from the Federal Supported by: Ministry of Science and Education (BMBF) Federal Ministry of Education and ResearchPro- since October 1st, 2006. This grant is cur- gramme "New Media in Education" rently limited to one year; the research European Social Fund group “Computers and Society” will accompany and evaluate the project according to scientific standards. Contact: Based on our extensive experience Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil especially in designing and implementing E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 11 learning supportive infrastructures and in Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14 the development of web-based platforms complying with the demands of everyday http://www.e-learning-chemie.de 46 Workgroup

Locomotion Low-Cost Multimedia Organisation and Production

The Locomotion project is sponsored by The open design allows the usage of the BMBF under the subject of “eLearning materials by different types of access, e.g. services for sciences”. Its objective is to by integrating the workplace of a student embed the University of Paderborn’s dif- via webDAV, by using lectures as chat ferent IT-systems in the area of module rooms or by deploying advanced mecha- and exam administration, as well as nisms with the help of new tools, such as knowledge management, into an inte- the Medi@rena Composer. grated IT environment. One year after the Based on the cooperation-supporting project initiation, first services are now system open-sTeam, different learning- available to all members of the university. scenarios have been realized, which, in a The university’s reserve lists (semester apparati) For example, within the sub-project next step, will be embedded into the plat- will be linked with the correlated lectures in the platform for co-active learning and working “knowledge management” directed by form for co-active learning and working. Prof. Dr. Keil and the head of the univer- Examples of these scenarios are a digital sity library Dr. Dietmar Haubfleisch, exercise, wiki technology, and special eLearning reserve lists (semester appa- scenarios from the field of consideration rati) have been generated, which are sciences such as pyramid discussions becoming more and more popular. and thesis-criticism-replica methods. Fur- In the course of the targeted estab- ther scenarios have already been identi- lishment of a service infrastructure the fied and will be implemented over the underlying cooperative system has course of the project. already been connected to the central Objective of the activities in the sub- user administration of the IMT (Center for project “knowledge management” is to Computer Science and Media Technol- digitally support production, mediation ogy). In doing this, all lecturers and stu- and coverage of knowledge and to gener- dents of the University of Paderborn are ate and integrate adequate solutions for now able to use this constantly aug- eLearning at the university. As soon as mented service. A platform for co-active additional services will be made available Prof. Dr. Reinhard Keil (r.) shows Minister Prof. Dr. learning and working (http://koala.uni- in the service infrastructure, these can be Andreas Pinkwart first project results at the Edu- cation Quality Forum in Bonn. paderborn.de), which is based on the provided in the existing platforms, and infrastructure mentioned above, is avail- the full potential of the approach chosen able in its testing state since the winter in the Locomotion project will be avail- semester 2006, using numerous services able for all users. in a modern interface. There, basic functions, as, for instance, forums and document exchange, are bundled with newest Web 2.0 technologies, such as podcasts, blogs and wikis, enhanced with community aspects, e.g. a contact list with events. Via the underlying basic platform the offered services of other university divisions will be integrated. In doing this, the Supported by: reserve list (semester apparatus) Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung stored in the university library sys- FKZ: 01 PI 05013 tem can be assigned to a respective lecture by connecting the systems. It can then be utilized within Contact: the novel platform, in interaction Dipl.-Inform. Daniel Büse with additional material (e.g. as E-mail: [email protected] word- or pdf-documents) and Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 18 forums, linked via the respective Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14 By using the Medi@rena Composer materials can be arranged lecture. synchronously on a two dimensional drawing face. http://locomotion.upb.de/ Computers and Society 47

Learning on the Road bid-owl supports complementary school education

Visiting a school is particularly difficult for traveller's school in a very simple and effi- children of travelling parents like show- cient way. All functions can be accessed people or circus artists. During the travel- through a comprehensible and easy-to- ling season, which lasts up to ten use interface with a standard web months, these children stay at any one browser. Hence, any computer with Inter- place for only a very short time and thus net access allows the use of the system's have to change schools in very frequent full functionality. intervals. This also results in being taught Over the last year, bid-owl has been by different teachers and having to cope augmented with new co-active functional- with diverse teaching methods and con- ities that facilitate coordination and com- tents as well as a multitude of school- munication between the teachers on the books. Hence, for these pupils it is virtu- one hand and between the pupils and ally impossible to achieve continuity in their teachers at the support schools on learning. For teachers, this situation is the other hand. A tool for managing also challenging as they can work with pupils' individual teaching agendas has any of the pupils for only a very limited been developed specifically for the trav- time. eller's school. This is used by the regional To assist these pupils, they are mentors to document the learning needs assigned to base schools where they take and by the teachers at the support part in the classes during the off-season, schools to document the learning A pupil in his learning and working environment i.e., the winter months. In the travelling progress of their pupils. season, they are assigned to the respec- The project also bene- tive support school which is closest to the fits from further function- place the family temporarily stays at. A alities that have been certain continuity in the learning process developed within the bid- is provided by regional mentors who work owl initiative. These allow as mobile teachers in defined regions and users to exchange docu- thus act as learning tutors for the pupils. ments that are only visible By establishing a virtual school to sup- for the people involved. port “learning on the road”, new educa- Pupils can create their tional offers are provided for travelling own portals to individually pupils in order to improve the opportuni- access the server and the ties for structured learning. The core learning materials. The range of learning material lies in the sub- communication between jects of language learning, i.e. German, teachers and pupils and English,and French, and of mathematics. among teachers is sup- Mentoring at the school “Learning on the Road” In this virtual “traveller's school”, learning ported by bulletin boards. processes can be supported by offering Materials can also be dis- every pupil material and tasks which are tributed via podcasts or similar technolo- tailored to their personal needs. In that gies; it is currently being evaluated how way, virtual learning groups of travelling this distribution can take place. pupils are supported where each of the The pupils have been equipped with members can be fostered individually. laptop computers that connect to the The server bid-owl (“Education in Dia- Internet via UMTS in combination with a logue”), developed at the HNI and well flat rate. Thus they can gain access to the Supported by: established in schools throughout the material that has been supplied individu- Bezirksregierung Detmold region, provides the platform for this pro- ally for them at any time and from any- ject. The bid-owl regional forum for edu- where. The project's first test phase has cation allows pupils and teachers to work ended in December 2006 after teaching Contact: cooperatively and publish the results of and learning material has been prepared Dipl.-Math. Harald Selke their work specifically for only certain and made available on the server. Six E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 13 groups of users or for the general public. pupils and their learning tutors have par- Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14 The server's tools allow users to produce, ticipated in the evaluation of the system communicate, and discuss within the in this phase. http://bid.open-steam.org 48 Workgroups

Algorithms and Algorithms and Complexity Complexity

High Performance = Innovative Computer Systems + Efficient Algorithms Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide High computing performance can only be achieved by a combination of powerful computer systems and algorithms that solve the given application problems as efficiently as possible. There- fore the development of efficient algorithms has established itself as a classical branch of computer science. In our research area, we concentrate on solutions where current technological possibilities such as high performance computer networks, mobile wireless communication networks, or systems supported by specialized hardware pose new challenges for algorithm development.

http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/alg Algorithms and Complexity 49

Modern computer systems enable Computer Graphics: Real-time naviga- with classical algorithms. We therefore expanding application areas in many tion in giant scenes develop new methods to deal with respects: Parallel computer networks can In order to be able to navigate in a virtual huge data sets. Similarly to an election deal with extremely complex algorithmic three dimensional space and to give a prognosis, we only try to analyze a problems; the Internet realizes global realistic optical impression of the chang- small sample of the data set. There- exchange of information and the intercon- ing scene, enormous demands are fore, we have to find and analyze algo- nected computers could potentially be imposed on the underlying data struc- rithmic methods to draw samples that used as one giant parallel computing tures that handle the scene and facilitate are representative for the whole data device; wireless connected systems allow the rendering of the individual pictures. set. In other scenarios (internet traf- flexible communication between mobile Above all, we have to meet real-time fic), we can access the whole data stations; hardware support for graphics restrictions in order to guarantee a realis- once, but we cannot store it. Here we applications enables real-time navigation tic impression of the scene. Our work on try to maintain a small sketch of the in complex virtual scenes. A special chal- novel data structures led us to new observed data that approximates the lenge is given by computing systems con- approaches to realize rendering of very whole data set. sisting of heterogeneous components large scenes in real time on computer net- (e. g. differently powerful processors, stor- works. Currently we are exploring the Randomization: A basic algorithmic age devices or communication capabili- capabilities of our algorithms in applica- technique ties) with structural changes over time. tions from Business Computing, together The algorithmic work described above The algorithmic challenges imposed by with partners from the Heinz Nixdorf Insti- has shown us that using randomized the realization and efficient usage of such tute. procedures can produce amazing heterogeneous, dynamic systems are in gains in efficiency. Therefore we sys- the focus of our research. Local Strategies in dynamic networks: tematically study the potential of ran- The new challenge domized algorithms and develop or Parallel Computing: From monolithic Dynamic networks, i.e., networks whose apply methods of probability theory computers to distributed Web Comput- nodes change their (geometric, geo- for analyzing them. ing graphic) position over time, play a major Computer networks can potentially supply role in many areas: They can, e.g., be Our Teaching: Closely linked to nearly unlimited parallel computing used as data structures for moving research power. However, the efficient use of these objects in Computer Graphics, as models Our courses cover methods and con- networks is an extremely complex prob- for wireless mobile communication net- cepts of the development and analysis lem. Meanwhile, our PUB-library is used works, or as mobility patterns for robotic of efficient algorithms. We also run by an international community of devel- explorations. We systematically model project groups and support diploma opers, who appreciate such an efficient various kinds of dynamic networks, theses that apply our theoretical and comfortable environment for parallel design appropriate algorithms, and apply insights in order to design efficient computing. The latest extension of the them to the mentioned problems in Com- algorithms and libraries. PUB-library takes the special problems of puter Graphics, communication, and heterogeneous local area networks (LAN) exploration. into account. Thereby, it uses the “idle time” of connected computers within a Handling huge data sets: New algorith- LAN efficiently. With our theoretical mic methods are required results and the extensions of this library We are more and more confronted with for a scenario of concurrent applications massive data sets; they appear, for exam- on a peer-to-peer basis, we make a first ple, in the analysis of internet traffic, web move towards Web Computing and data, and human DNA sequences. Such employ the Internet as a parallel com- data sets do not fit into the main memory puter. of a computer and cannot be processed 50 Workgroups

Dynamic and Heterogeneous Networks Local autonomous Strategies

Smart Teams and Sensor Networks peers it is important to choose a suitable In the Smart Teams project our aim is to network topology. The topology should be develop algorithms for a robotic scenario. simple to maintain and on the other hand We consider a team of robots deployed in have excellent communication properties. unknown terrain which has to organize Random networks fulfill these proper- itself, explore the terrain and fulfill sev- ties: their structure is extremely simple eral tasks. Examples for a possible and with high probability have properties deployment of such a Smart Team are like logarithmic diameter, expansion, and expeditions on planets or rescue cam- high node connectivity. With the Pointer- paigns. Push&Pull operation we introduced a sim- The main objective is to develop ple distributed operation for generating A robot team explores the terrain strategies for robots which work without and maintaining directed random net- any central coordination. This means, that works. During a Pointer-Push&Pull opera-

robots have to decide by themselves on tion a random peer n1 exchanges a ran- their future actions. This decisions have dom neighbor n2 by a neighbor n3 of n2 to be based only on local information, and n2 exchanges its former neighbor n3 since the robots cannot be expected to by n1. have a complete view of the situation in Applying this operation repeatedly will the terrain. Nevertheless, globally proper generate every connected directed graph solutions have to emerge from this local with regular out-degree with the same behavior. probability. An important feature of this In the Smart Teams project the mobil- operation is that it can be combined with ity of robots is guided (at least partially) the periodical verification of the neighbor- by our own strategies. We are also inter- hood easily. Since this periodical verifica- ested in mobile scenarios, where we have tion is mandatory in dynamic networks, to cope with movement which we cannot the Pointer-Push&Pull operation does not The Pointer-Push&Pull Operation influence. In particular, we are trying to introduce additional communication understand how mobility may help or how costs and therefore represents an elegant it may disturb the functioning of sensor way to maintain robust random networks. networks. The work is performed with respect to sensor networks monitoring Load-balancing in Peer-to-Peer Net- human behavior in an office area. works Our goal is to develop strategies A very important concept in the area of which allow sensor networks to take peer-to-peer networks are so called Dis- advantage of mobility for exchanging data tributed Hash Tables (DHTs). They are over larger distances. Another intention is used to partition the data provided in the to formalize which types of movement are network between the peers. They are usu- beneficial for our strategies and to which ally based on a virtual space. This space extent. is partitioned among the peers and each Supported by: peer is responsible for its piece of the Smart Teams Robust Peer-to-Peer Networks space. DELIS Peer-to-peer networks are highly dynami- In basic ring based DHTs, the worst SFB 376-C6 cal, i.e. there are continuously new parti- case ratio between longest and shortest cipants (peers) joining the network while interval assigned to a peer is O(n log n). other participants leave the network. The We have developed algorithms, which Contact: permanent change of the participating allow to balance the sizes of the intervals M. Sc. Jaroslaw Kutylowski E-mail: [email protected] peers implies that the network topology up to a constant factor. The algorithms are Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 69 has to be checked and updated all the fully decentralized, so that they are cap- time. able to balance the load between the Dipl.-Inform. Peter Mahlmann To make a network robust and reliable peers in dynamic networks with slight E-mail: [email protected] under churn and the failure of multiple delay. Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 67 22

Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82 http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/alg/ Algorithms and Complexity 51

Dynamic and Heterogeneous Networks Managing Distributed Resources

Parallel Computing and Distributed Distributed Storage Management Load Balancing in Peer-to-Peer Net- The project V: Drive faces the problem to works consolidate storage devices in a distrib- There are millions of PCs distributed uted storage network environment. There- all over the world which are only partially fore, it uses a block based virtualization utilized. Currently, the available comput- layer to cover the physical storage and ing power increases permanently, so hides the underlying hardware from the there is an immense amount of unutilized user. This leads to a uniform view on the computational resources. If these PCs are storage, and the administration is sub- interconnected by the Internet, we are stantially simplified. Furthermore, the able to utilize this unused computation system is able to scale in size and speed. Distributed computing in a Peer-to-Peer Network power for complex calculations. To support this properties, suitable There are several approaches geared algorithms are needed to distribute the to utilize this unused capacity, e.g. Great data over the non removable disks. A spe- Internet Mersenne Prime Search (GIMPS) cial emphasis in this joint project together or Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence with the workgroup System and Circuit (SETI@home). A common characteristic of Technology is, to embed an algorithm, most of these approaches is that the which is able to place data copies on problem to be solved has to be divided independent storage devices and to pre- into many small subproblems by a central serve a fair data distribution at the same server; clients on all the participating PCs time. download a subproblem, solve it, send the results back to the server, and con- Data reliability in storage networks tinue with the next subproblem. Since Besides a fast access to the stored data there is no direct communication between inside a storage network, their permanent the clients, only independent subprob- availability, even in case of some device lems can be solved by the clients in paral- failure, is of paramount concern for any Task assignment for processes with different lel. The Paderborn University BSP-based application. Generally, strategies for computation power Web Computing Library (PUBWCL) increasing data availability base on either removes this restriction; in particular, it a disjoint distribution of additional copies allows to execute tightly coupled, mas- of some particular data block, or the gen- sively parallel algorithms in the bulk-syn- eration and distribution of a redundant chronous (BSP) style on PCs distributed encoding of the original information. In over the internet. PUBWCL is written in our group, we developed a strategy which Java to guarantee a high level of security efficiently stores an arbitrary number of and platform independency. copies for all original data while keeping Currently, PUBWCL is still a hybrid a fair distribution of the complete data Peer-to-Peer system, where features like set, thus, addressing a system’s availabil- scheduling, migration, and fault tolerance ity and latency with high quality. Supported by: are provided by a central server. When the For highly dynamic systems, where DELIS number of PUBWCL clients grows, this sin- any parameter, like document size, sys- PReSto gle point of failure can also become a bot- tem configuration or read/write patterns, SFB-376-A1/A2 AEOLUS tle neck. Eventually, it was obvious to may permanently change, a high degree extent PUBWCL, based on our experi- of data availability should constantly be ences in data distribution in storage area ensured. We developed a novel encoding networks, to operate as a pure Peer-to- scheme (read/write-codes) which gener- Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Joachim Gehweiler Peer system. Therefore we have adapted ates from the original set of data a high E-mail: [email protected] and applied our distribution strategy performant and failure resitent code Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 34 DHHT. Now, with these improvements, it which is furthermore able to efficiently is possible to distribute parallel pro- adapt to arbitrary changes in any of the Dipl.-Inform. Mario Vodisek gramms as well as their according meta mentioned changes. Based on these E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 51 information, balanced within the hetero- codes, we have developed in cooperation geneous computation network. with the University of Freiburg an advan- Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82 ced, highly dynamic file system (Isane). http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/alg/ 52 Workgroups

Algorithms for large networks

The rapid development of faster computer known. Certainly, one cannot find an hardware and the higher interconnection exact solution to a problem, if one only has increased the complexity of networks knows a part of the input. But it is also dramatically. The most prominent exam- impossible to predict the outcome of an ple of such a complex network is probably election precisely and still no one has the graph of the Internet, which is defined doubts about the significance of election by the links between different web pages. prognoses. Of course, it is impossible to store such a Property testing is a form of approxi- gigantic graph on a single computer. mation of decision problems by random Massive data sets also occur in the sampling. In dense graphs, property test- form of data streams. Imagine, we want to ing is wellunderstood. Testable properties maintain statistics about the network flow can be combinatorically characterized at some Internet router. In this case we through testing of Szemer'edi partitions. have access to the source and destination In contrast, we do not know much about address of every routed packed. Because property testing in sparse graphs. There- of the large number of routed packets, it fore, our goal was to make a first step is almost impossible to store this informa- towards a characterization of testable tion for every packet. Therefore, our goal properties in sparse graphs. We were able is to maintain a small representative to prove that every graph property that is selection of the routed packets. closed under vertex removal is testable In both of the above mentioned sce- for families of sparse graphs that are narios 'standard' algorithms do not work closed under vertex removal, if this family Statistical analysis of a dynamic geometric data stream. because of the large input size and the does not contain a graph with good resulting time and space requirements. expansion. Therefore, we develop new algorithms that can analyze network properties by Algorithms for data streams looking at small random samples and When we develop algorithms for data algorithms for data streams that maintain streams we can use similar techniques to small sketches of the data seen so far. those used in the area of sublineartime approximation. But there are also some Sublinear-time approximation algo- differences that affect the design of algorithms rithms. In contrast to a sublinear time At every election, immediately after the approximation algorithm, a streaming poll stations close at 6 p.m., there is a algorithm can read the whole input at prognosis for the outcome of the election. least once. It has the restriction that at Surprisingly, this prognosis has such a any time it can only store a small amount high quality that winners and losers of the of the observed data. The goal is to select election are often known at this point of this small amount in a clever way to get a time. This is achieved despite of the fact representative selection. that only a few people are interviewed Currently we try to develop new core- about their political preferences. Obvi- set constructions. A coreset is a small ously, it is possible to predict the out- weighted set of points that approximates

Supported by: come of an election by asking a small a point set with respect to an optimiza- DELIS sample of the population. Why should it tion problem. Coresets are an important DFG-Netz not be possible to use this concept (draw- tool in the development of data streaming Pasco-GK ing of samples) in algorithmic research? algorithms. We try to develop coresets As a matter of fact, it is possible to whose size is independent of the dimen- analyze algorithmic problems in a similar sion of the input space. Such coresets are Contact: way. In doing so, a new discipline of algo- particularly interesting in the context of Juniorprofessor Dr. rer. nat. Christian Sohler rithmic research has recently been estab- the kernel k-means algorithm. E-mail: [email protected] lished and up to now only few results are Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 27 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/alg/ Algorithms and Complexity 53

Algorithms for Computer Graphics

The 3D visualization of simulation envi- We develop distributed data struc- ronments enables the modeler an intu- tures and algorithms, whose running itive verification and analysis of the simu- times are independent both from the lation model. After this the simulation number of simulation runs and of the model gets modified and the results of complexity of the scene. the changes can be observed in the virtual scene. The rendered scenes are Multi-Point Approximation of CAD dynamic and very complex, because the models data is retrieved from a CAD system. Effi- Despite high performance hardware large cient rendering algorithms are necessary scenes consisting of complex CAD mod- Comparison of simulation runs: objects of differ- for the real-time rendering of such els, as they arise for instance in industrial ent simulations runs are dyed with different col- scenes. We investigate algorithms that plants, cannot be displayed completely in ors. make a smooth navigation in dynamic real time. To overcome this problem we and complex 3D scenes possible. developed the SEC-tree. This permits to choose a selection from the overall geom- Overlaid visualization of high-dynamic etry, which is significantly smaller than simulations of material flow the total quantity. Nevertheless it is suffi- In cooperation with the workgroup “Busi- cient to render this subset in order to ness Computing, especially CIM”, we achieve a good image quality. Therefore develop a simulation system that visual- one specifies for each object, which por- izes highly dynamic, complex, virtual faction it contributes to the selected geome- tories in real time. To get experimental try. In the first instance the distance from Aggregation of 3D objects: packets of parallel results on a statistical basis, several time- the viewer and the size of the object are simulated simulation runs are rendered in a 3D synchronized simulation runs are exe- the decisive factors on its contribution. scene. The more nontransparent a packet is ren- cuted in parallel. We developed two visu- In interaction with a simulation a fur- dered, the more simulation runs contain the packet. alization techniques for the current simu- ther criterion can be applied. The simula- lation state to comprehend the meaning tion identifies places of high significance, of the process and make an intuitive veri- which require the attention of the user. fication and analysis possible: in the Such places can find consideration during overlaid display multiple simulation runs the evaluation of objects. The representa- are shown in a single 3D scene using col- tion quality of significant objects is oring or transparency functions. The sec- increased and the user thereby is put into ond technique aggregates the obtained the position where he can gain a better data, i.e., it computes statistical values, understanding of the processes taking e.g., average, minimum and maximum, place. To compensate the additional costs and visualizes them. of rendering significant objects the image Supported by: A high number of simulation runs is quality of less important objects is auto- BAMSI necessary to get a significant statistical matically reduced and a stable total per- DFG-Netz basis, and the simultaneous visualization formance is achieved. VisSim of them makes high demands on the rendering system.

Contact: Dr. rer. nat. Matthias Fischer E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 90

Dipl.-Inform. Jens Krokowski E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 91

Dipl.-Math. Michael Kortenjan E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 52

The orange bordered object becomes more significant and thus receives more details than objects in the neigh- Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82 bourhood, pictured on the right side. http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/alg/ 54 Workgroup

Design of Distributed Design of Distributed Embedded SytemsEmbedded Systems

Distributed Embedded Real-time Systems Become Manageable Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

Informatics is everywhere; the technical world ranging from mobile phones to entire fabrication plants is governed by informatics today. More than 20 billions of micro processors and the software running on the top of them control as Embedded Systems whatever forms our technical environment. The mission of the research group „Design of Parallel Systems“ is to make constributions to a seamless design process for Distributed Embedded Real-time Systems (DERty). This central scientific challenge has to be considered to cover all phases and aspects of such a process.

http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/eps Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 55

More than 20 billions of microprocessors cutable specifications based on UML 2.0. called NanoOS, operating system ser- have been fabricated up to now. Most of In this field we are closely cooperating vices are distributed over a network in them are used co create intelligent with Prof. Gregor Engels. To achieve exe- such a manner that requested services „Things that Think“ (a term created by cutable UML, a subset of UML has been can be provided with minimal usage of MIT). In analogy to the Internet these enriched by a specific well-defined resources. Ant Algorithms are used to intelligent technical artefacts will be con- semantics. In addition the respective UML solve parts of the problems. In the nected to an „Internet of Things“ (a term diagrams have been specialized and their area of Grid computing adaptive originating from ETH Zurich). This illus- actions have been specified by using a approaches gain importance, too. We trates clearly that by their interconnection special action language. contributed to this area by designing an omnipresent „organism” is created. To A semantically well founded modeling an adaptive load balancer (Meta Load deal with such a virtual organism com- allows formal verification of such models. Balancer, mLB) which can handle pletely new design and operating para- We are investigating various kinds of dynamical and heterogeneous envi- digms have to be developed. The scien- Model Checking, especially ones that ronments in a flexible manner. tific community discusses terms like allow coping with dynamically reconfig- We are considering reconfigurable „Autonomic Computing”, „Organic Com- urable systems. A special challenge is applications and a reconfigurable puting”, or „Biologically Inspired Comput- given by dynamically reconfigurable sys- RTOS. So, it is not surprising that we ing”, for such a kind of systems. We stim- tems. In this case formal verification are investigating the potentials of ulated this discussion in substantial man- evolves into an online service. Currently reconfiguration of the underlying hard- ner by initiating the conference „Biologi- we are investigating approaches to inte- ware as well. These research activities cally Inspired Cooperative Computing“ in grate such an online Model Checking as are bundled under the theme DERty conjunction with the IFIP World Computer operating system service into our RuSt (Reconfigurable Systems). We are Congress 2006. In addition we did further DREAMS RTOS kit. working on a seamless tool chain the state of the art by a couple of pub- DREAMS (Distributed Real-time Exten- which supports the potentials of a par- lished contributions. sible Application Management System) is tial or total reconfiguration at run time. It is our mission to contribute substan- our library for real-time operating system For HW design a component-based tially to a seamless design process for services. Currently, we are investigating design style is state of the art. For Distributed Embedded Real-time Systems as to how such a system can be extended reconfigurable hardware this means (DERty). Currently, we are concentrating into the direction of self-optimization. For that potentially components (in this on three main topics: this purpose, we are extending our config- case called IPs) with incompatible DERty UML: Specification, modeling, and uration tool TEReCS to a run time service interfaces have to be loaded dynami- formal verification of embedded Real-time which includes a profile management. cally. We developed a comprehensive systems Various profiles of an application or an solution which allows loading onto a DERty DREAMS: Component-based dis- operating system service are provided. running system components with arbi- tributed real-time operating systems and Based on actual context information, the trary interface behaviour. We investi- software synthesis profile management system decides gate the various options of the recon- DERty RuSt: Reconfigurable hardware and dynamically under which profile a compo- figurable systems, ranging from the software systems. nent should run. A special mechanism, stand alone solutions without any Model-based techniques showed to inspired by the reaction of the human processor to heterogeneous PC-clus- be the most promising approach to body to stress situations, allows the flexi- ters. Being dependent on the actual design the complex systems in a system- ble dedication of resources in cases of load distribution, it has to be decided atic manner. Over the last years the UML emergency. This not only supports flexible at run time, whether HW or SW solu- became the de facto standard in this use of resources but also supports fault tions are more cost efficient. Our area. However, real-time applications are tolerance. For this purpose we are also seamless approach includes a real- not the main focus of UML 2.0, despite using techniques from „Artificial Immune time operating system controlling the the fact that there are some approaches Systems“. dynamical reconfiguration of HW mod- into this direction. In the area of applying With support from a European project ules at run time. UML in the areas of modelling, analysis, started in 2006 we investigate highly dis- Our three research areas: DERty and synthesis of Systems on Chip (SoC) tributed applications with dynamical com- UML, DERty DREAMS, and DERty RuSt together with Cadence Berkeley Labs (G. munication structure. In such an environ- are closely connected. In addition, we Martin und L. Lavagno) we initiated a ment, the OS services have to be distrib- investigate a variety of applications, workshop in conjunction with the Design uted in such a way that all the required ranging from the self-optimizing sys- Automation Conference. Our technical system services can be granted with a tems of mechanics down to intelligent work in this area concentrates on exe- minimal effort. In our experimental RTOS, sensors networks. 56 Workgroup

DERty UML Unified Modeling Language

Model Driven Development (MDD) of Further technical activities in this area embedded systems is a challenging topic are in cooperation with the working group currently in the focus of academia and of Prof. Engels (Department of Computer industry. Based on principles of the Science) and mainly investigate exe- Model Driven Architecture (MDA), MDD cutable UML 2.0 specifications. For exe- supports design reuse by employing high- cutable UML, we have defined a UML sub- level modeling and specification lan- set with a well-defined semantics apply- guages. These languages allow the ing a specific set of diagrams and an description of the main aspects of action language. Here, our main interest embedded systems at higher levels of is also on the domain of embedded and abstraction and, at the same time, realize electronic systems with their specific a decoupling of system properties from properties like their real-time behavior. the implementation platform. One such For their specification, we apply class dia- language is the Unified Modeling Lan- grams as structural means and a combi- guage (UML). nation of activity, sequence, and state machine diagrams for behavioral descrip- UML tions. For our application domain, we also A challenging topic in the context of MDD extend state machines by additional of embedded systems is the domain-spe- basic concepts, like interrupts and time- cific application of UML towards the mod- outs. In this context, we currently investi- eling, analysis, and synthesis of System- gate the application of activity diagrams on-Chip (SoC) solutions. To investigate for description of fine-grained parallelism UML in this context, in 2004 we started based on a platform independent execu- TestML automaton for synthetic stimulus the UML for SoC Design workshop at the tion on a UML Virtual Machine (UVM). Design Automation Conference in cooperation with Cadence Berkeley Labs. The Validation and Verification workshop was conducted for the third Another very challenging topic in the con- time in 2006. Meanwhile, it is recognized text of MDD of embedded systems is the as the international forum to discuss and development of efficient validation and present new developments in the applica- verification techniques, which are capa- tion of UML to C/C++-based modeling for ble of supporting the verification of mod- electronic and embedded systems. From els of an embedded system at different this, an area of research has emerged, levels of abstraction. Our research in this aiming at industrial application of field mainly focuses on the systematic domain-specific UML refinement, like, application of various formal techniques e.g., the SoC profile and the for system specification, modeling, and SysML (System Modeling verification. One of our goals is the inte- Language). Further activities gration of such techniques into the model in this area are performed in driven development process of complex cooperation with 16 leading distributed real-time embedded systems. European semiconductor In particular, we consider executable companies, e.g., ARM, Infi- specifications, UML formalization, seman- neon, NXP, and ST Microelec- tic integration of heterogeneous specifica- tronics, through the EU tion techniques and languages, and funded project SPRINT (Open application of methods to support func- SoC Design Platform for tional verification of distributed systems Reuse and Integration of IPs). under real-time and safety-constraints. The focus of the project is on These topics are investigated in the scope the realization of a common of the BMBF funded IMMOS project and view on IP management Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) 614, through UML based on IEEE focusing on automotive systems and on SystemC and SPIRIT IP-XACT. self-optimizing mechatronic multi-agent systems, respectively. Verification process during reconfiguration of a self-optimizing system at runtime Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 57

Systematic Testing and thus offer :Component :Component In cooperation with DaimlerChrysler and this verification A B dSPACE a uniform test-exchange format as a service of ? based on XML (TestML) was developed for the underlying :Component :Component Substitution :Component model-based testing, which supports, Real-Time Oper- D C E e.g., time-based signal descriptions, ating System matching signal patterns in automotive (RTOS). The real- InformationInformationInformation on on on System System System Models Models, Models, , Real-time Properties,Properties, Current Current State State and and electronics. The TestML greatly supports time constraints Application TimingTiming Constraint. Constraint. the interoperability between diverse test- make it neces- ing tools for testbench generation in the sary to perform RTRTOS OS Model-based Runtime Runtime Verification Service context of software-in-the-loop, as well the on-line Yes/No/UnknownYes/No/Unknown as, hardware-in-the-loop testing meth- model checking ods. Further research focused on exten- at the level of Model-based Runtime Verification Service sion of the classification tree method for (UML) models, where any non context embedded systems (CTM/ES), by addi- specific internals of components have tional facilities for the description of been verified off-line at design phase. waveform properties and of events, as The verification is performed at the well as an extension for the specification level of models (RT-UML) developed of functional coverage. The research was according to the design technique pre- conducted within the IMMOS project and sented in the first phase of the SFB 614 continued in SFB 614 subproject B3. project B1. The properties to be checked are expressed by RT-OCL terms where the Online-Verification underlying temporal logic is restricted to By integrating formal specification and the time-annotated ACTL/LTL formulae. formal verification into the design phase The applied technique is based on of a system development process, the improved bounded model checking. The correctness of a system can be guaran- on-line model checking runs interleaved teed to a great extent, but this approach with the execution of the component to may not be efficient for every kind of sys- be checked in a pipelined manner via the tem. A mechatronic system, e.g., an auto- RTOS as intermediary. As a result, poten- motive system, can be extended towards tial faults caused by a run-time reconfigu- a self-optimizing system that needs to ration of the system can be predicted dynamically exchange its components in ahead of time and thus enable the system Supported by: German Reserach Foundation: a safe and consistent manner. The SFB to recover within minimum time to a safe CRC 614, Sp. B3 (Virtual Prototyping) 614 project is dealing with an approach mode. CRC 614, Sp. C2 (RTOS for to develop such self-reflecting, self- Self-Optimizing Systems) adapting, and self-optimizing complex BMBF: mechatronic systems, which represent a Project IMMOS EU IST: special class of complex cross-domain Project SPRINT electronic and mechanic systems. In SFB 614 subproject C2, we focus on self-optimizing real-time applications with highly Research Team: dynamic software components, which are Dipl.-Inform. Markus Koch (C-LAB) optimized and even replaced at runtime. Dipl.-Inform. Alexander Krupp (C-LAB) Safety and predictability is of paramount Dr. Wolfgang Müller (C-LAB) importance, as failures of these technical Dipl.-Ing. Dalimir Orfanus systems usually have severe conse- Dipl.-Inform. Jörg Stöcklein Dr.-Ing. Yuhong Zhao quences. This puts new demands on verification of such complex and highly dependable systems. Therefore, in the second phase Contact: Dr. Wolfgang Müller of SFB 614 C2, we develop a novel tech- E-mail: [email protected] nique for on-line model checking context- Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 61 34 specific parts of components at runtime Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 60 66 58 Workgroup

DERty DREAMS Distributed Real-time Extensible Application Management System

Self-optimizing gle platform must give support for differ- The goal of the project C2 of the SFB 614, ent kind of applications which may in cooperation with the working group of dynamically arrive into the system. Poten- Professor Rückert (HNI), is the develop- tial candidate to give support for such ment of an RTOS for self-optimizing sys- systems is the so called hybrid architec- tems. A special challenge of such an RTOS ture, which includes CPU and FPGA as is the support of either strongly different computation resources. The RTOS execut- application classes or changing applica- ing on such platforms, however, needs to tion profiles. In order to provide the ser- provide suitable methods and infrastruc- vices for such applications in an opti- ture for managing and using the Inspiration of Ants mized way, the designed RTOS has the resources in an efficient manner. As a capacity to adapt itself during the run- result from a close cooperation with the time to the current requirements of the DERty-RuSt research team, we include in application in a resource-efficient man- our DREAMS RTOS the support for such an ner. The RTOS analyses the current condi- architecture to optimally use the available tions/constraints and optimizes itself resources. The RTOS is able to reconfigure independently by means of reconfigura- itself on top of the underlying hybrid tion. Despite the reconfiguration activi- architecture in order to respect the cur- ties, at each time, a safe system is rent application requirements. ensured where the deterministic treatment of all safety-relevant tasks under Organic Computing adherence to the given time constraints A large spectrum of novel applications is has to be guaranteed. enabled by the development of embed- Part of our self-optimizing RTOS is a ded systems for energy-constrained, wire- Avnet Virtex Board: an execution evnrionment for the evaluation of our real-time operating system Flexible Resource Manager. This manager less networks, nevertheless at the same DREAMS optimizes the resource allocation of the time the development of innovative con- applications and services of the system. cepts is required. Embedded systems Specifically it puts unused resources with a small footprint can be scattered (from services and applications) in one over an area in order to build a wireless node at other application's disposal. A sensor network. In our working group we special mechanism, which is vicarious to are designing an operating system called the acute stress response of the human NanoOS which supports these kinds of body, enables the flexible release of networks. In order to deal with the hard- resources for the handling of emergencies ware constraints, the operating system in self-optimizing mechatronic systems. services are distributed over the nodes In the current research work of the C2 and used collectively. sub project, these resources for self-opti- Aside from hardware limitations there mizing agents are transparently made are two more severe challenges that available to other nodes in a network of impact the development of our NanoOS. controllers. Therefore, the concept of the First, in an ad hoc scenario, nodes on local optimization of an operating system which our operating system is deployed, instance is extended to an RTOS network. can move quickly. Second, the migrated The pursued approach is based on decen- OS services often have real-time require- tral ant algorithms. ments. Another main topic is the develop- The first challenge is addressed by a ment of a run-time verification mecha- service migration which dynamically Proceedings of the BICC, edited by Yi Pan, nism to ensure the security of applica- reacts to changes within the network. The Franz J. Rammig, Hartmut Schmeck and Mauricio Solar, available at Springer Verlag, tions and services of the operating sys- decision of which service to be migrated ISBN 0-387-34632-5 tem during on line reconfiguration and to which other node is based on the self- optimization. This mechanism is inte- optimization algorithms from the field of grated into the RTOS. Modern embedded organic computing, using behavior pat- systems (e.g., mobile phones and PDAs) terns observed in nature. The advantage increasingly require more computational of algorithms from this area is that they performance and flexibility, since one sin- are based on local information and inter- Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 59

action, thus requiring only a relatively low The decision, between which amount of resources. At the same time, computing units load will be they facilitate the development of a sys- migrated, is based upon a hier- tem which dynamically self-adapts to its archical structure. This structure environment. Therefore, in such a sce- is built by means of the informa- nario, the foraging behavior of ants is an tion resulting from the network inspiration for our developed techniques. analysis. Thus, it reflects the In order to make NanoOS scalable to large current network status. One network sizes, we developed a clustering goal by doing so is to migrate algorithm which is also based on self- load between nodes with as fast organization. as possible connections. By The restrictions of energy- and using fast connections, the Locating of Load Balancing Partners resource-constrained dynamic networks costs for load balancing, espe- as well as the second challenge (real-time cially migration costs, can be minimized. requirements of the migrated services), On the other hand, the distribution of require an efficient and prioritizable use load accordingly to the available capaci- of wireless communication. Therefore, our ties of the computing nodes leads to an development aims at employing algo- optimization of the application's runtime. rithms from the area of organic computing mLB is a distributed, dynamic and adap- within the protocol stack for connection tive tool, that is characterized by its sim- management and routing while ensuring ple usage. It enables an efficient runtime the satisfaction of QoS requirements. behavior of applications running in the Another work explores both topologi- Grid. cal and algorithmic aspects for wireless An interesting new research field is telephony networks. There are special the High Performance Reconfigurable challenges associated with designing and Computing (HPRC), which results from the Supported by: implementing functionality that users fusion of the High Performance Comput- German Reserach Foundation: CRC 614, Sp. C2 (RTOS for became acquainted with from wired sys- ing (HPC) and the Reconfigurable Comput- Self-Optimizing Systems) tems in the domain of wireless networks ing (RC). Our platform consists of a dedi- European Union: where there are only resource-constrained cated PC-Cluster whose computing nodes Project e-CUBES mobile nodes. This work is done in a are equipped with FPGA cards. The het- edacentrum: close relationship with Siemens Commu- erogeneity of this system is characterized Cluster Research Project nications in Munich and Witten. by the different arithmetic and logic units „Autonomous Integrated Systems“ (processors on one side and FPGAs on the Load Balancing other side). This heterogeneity represents Today, Grid Computing is a widespread a huge challenge in the development of Research Team: approach that enables the calculation of methods to ensure an efficient execution Dipl.-Inform. Michael Ditze (C-LAB) Dr. rer. nat. Dania Adnan El-Kebbe high complex applications. In order to of the applications. Therefore, we develop M. Sc.-Eng. Marcelo Götz perform Grid Computing, a huge number an operating system extension that deter- M. Sc. Tales Heimfarth of powerful computing resources are cou- mines locally the distribution of the func- Dipl.-Inform. Katharina Hojenski pled to be used as a uniform resource. tional components on the arithmetic and Dipl.-Inform. Peter Janacik For optimizing data parallel applica- logic units at run-time. A decentralized Dipl.-Inform. Timo Kerstan M. Sc. Arvind Krishnamurthy tions the Grid middleware mLB (meta approach is pursued, in which the deci- Dipl.-Inform. Johannes Lessmann Load Balancer) has been developed. mLB sions are made locally on each computing M. Sc..Eng. Norma Montealegre is a tool, that supports applications node. The criteria for the decisions are the Dipl.-Inform. Simon Oberthür developed for running on parallel archi- system utilization and the characteristics M. Sc. Tien Pham Van tectures. At runtime, mLB analysis the of the application. Dr. rer. nat. Sabina Rips Dipl.-Inform. Gunnar Steinert heterogeneous, dynamic structure of the Grid environment. Therefore it is able to respond directly to changing situations, e.g. changing load situations of the avail- Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Simon Oberthür able resources. The application's load is E-mail: [email protected] distributed over the computing units pro- Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 16 portionally to their available capacities. Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 02 60 Workgroup

DERty RuSt Reconfigurable Systems

The research team DERty RuSt concen- reconfiguration in compliance with given trates on the development of design real-time constraints. methodologies and optimization concepts for reconfigurable embedded sys- Partitioning tems in the hardware domain. We put our To compute applications that exceed the main focus on methods that allow an area constraints of the target hardware abstraction of the underlying and often platform, we investigate methods for cumbersome details of the reconfigura- dynamic partitioning and dynamic place- tion. The ongoing research activities com- ment. Therefore, we cluster input algo- plement one another to a seamless rithms by means of several algorithms Xilinx Virtex 4 FPGA: a modern partially design methodology, which is reflected in including spectral methods. After this reconfigurable device an integrated tool chain. Our methodol- modularization, we can load the parti- ogy, which includes a model-based mod- tioned algorithms consecutively into dif- eling approach, an automated synthesis ferent slots, which are part of the same process, and dynamic reconfiguration reconfigurable device. Our methods scheduling, enables us to benefit from thereby reduce the inter-module commu- the partial and complete hardware recon- nication requirements. The challenges figuration during runtime. resulting from this approach reach form Our aim is to design optimized com- an abstract modeling up to a realization puter systems that involve reconfigurable in form of specific synthesis tools. The hardware devices such as FPGAs (Field ongoing research is supported by the DFG Programmable Gate Array). Depending on priority program „Reconfigurable Comput- PARR-E: An Eclipse based tool developed in the the characteristics of the application, ing”. working group for the modeling and design of such devices can overcome sequentially partially reconfigurable systems including automatic bit-stream generation for Xilinx FPGAs working processors in efficiency and per- Caching and Pipelining formance by many times. Therefore, we Reconfiguration involves costs that extend existing technologies from the should be kept as low as possible. One reconfigurable computing domain and possibility is to employ prefetching tech- apply them to perform dynamic reconfigu- niques that are used in pipelining sys- ration at runtime. The development of tems. Thanks to the partial reconfigura- innovative optimization strategies allows tion capability, we can reconfigure parts an efficient application of reconfiguration of our design while other parts are exe- techniques. cuted at the same time. Thereby, we inter- Focusing on an increase of perfor- lock reconfiguration and execution phase mance, the research team DERty RuSt (e.g., by manipulation of the execution explores design methods, which take frequency) in order to improve the overall advantage of the special properties of response time of a system. In case of peri- reconfigurable hardware devices and odic systems, we can hold configurations make them accessible for higher levels of on the device, i.e., we apply caching con- abstraction. Thus, runtime systems like cepts. In detail, we prefer tasks for the DREAMS operating system, which is caching if they show a higher priority and developed in our research team DERty thus are worthwhile for occupying some DREAMS, possess the capability to man- area for a longer time. Furthermore, we age the resources of a reconfigurable gain an advantage of the long reconfigu- computing system and make them avail- ration phase by fundamentally integrating able to the applications. The combination it into scheduling algorithms. Due to the of design methodology single reconfiguration port only one area and runtime system can be reconfigured at the same instance should assure applica- of time. This similarity to mono proces- tions to be platform sors—where tasks are executed exclu- independent to the sively—allows us to broaden reconfig- greatest possible extent urable systems to hard real time scenar- Scenario of the newly proposed concept of scheduling and to maximize the ios by applying known concepts of mono the reconfiguration phase advantage of runtime processor scheduling. Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 61

Scheduling of Hardware Tasks continuously evaluates the actual Embedded real-time systems are an resource usage efficiency and, if neces- important field of application for reconfig- sary, it reconfigures the system for this urable systems. To make the available purpose by means of redistribution of the hardware resources efficiently accessible tasks over the hybrid architecture. In for several processes, it is necessary to be addition, in the case of real-time systems, able to exchange also processes, which even with this temporarily reconfiguration are implemented in hardware. This is a activities, the timeliness of the current time critical job, which requires a special application must be respected. For this scheduling to fulfill all given time limits. case, techniques from RTOS scheduling Component view of a recofigurable Interface The challenge is to organize the execution have been expanded and adapted. Block in the Interface Syntesis Editor of a set of periodic processes in such a way that all timing restrictions are satis- Interface Synthesis fied. Therefore, each process is character- Another important research aspect ized by its execution time, its deadline focuses on the modeling and automated and its requirements concerning synthesis of reconfigurable interfaces. resources like chip area. To solve this These interfaces allow us to interconnect problem, we examined and adapted par- heterogeneous applications in an alter- ticular multi processor scheduling able communication system as we can approaches. An analysis of these find it in the IP (Intellectual Property) approaches allows the evaluation of the based design. The interface acts as trans- guaranteed performance, the practicabil- parent adapter module and is able to ity and the time overhead that results handle numerous applications in parallel from the chip-reconfiguration. Our gained (multi task interfaces). Due to the modu- knowledge enables us to deploy multi- lar structure of the adapter, we can tasking in reconfigurable computing real- exchange individually connected applica- time systems. Currently, we develop an tions during runtime by reconfiguration of FPGA operating system prototype based the interface. Thereby, affected parts of on the server-based scheduling the interface are reconfigured as well. approach. This approach allows the exchange of Current publication of our interface synthesis research, edited by Wolfram Hardt and Stefan applications in safety-critical real-time Ihmor, published by TUDpress, Hybrid Systems environments by guaranteeing a deter- ISBN 3-398863-63-3 Our research also focuses on develop- ministic behavior even during the recon- Supported by: ment of methodologies and mechanisms figuration at runtime. Moreover, the mod- German Reserach Foundation: for reconfigurable hybrid systems. These eling of complex communication systems CRC 614, Sp. B3 (Virtual Prototyping); systems, comprising general purpose with UML2.0 is handled by a dedicated German Research Foundation: processor (GPP) and FPGA (Field Program- tool, developed in our working group. A SPP 1148; Project TP²R² mable Gate Array), are very attractive as subsequent synthesis process generates they can provide flexibility as well as high the reconfigurable VHDL fragments of the computational performance to support adapting interface block which then may Research Team: today’s embedded systems requirements. be placed by the tool mentioned above. Dr. rer. nat. Klaus Danne Particularly, the usage of such hybrid- Dipl.-Inform. Florian Dittmann M. Sc.-Eng. Marcelo Götz based architectures in changing Applications Dr. rer. nat. Stefan Ihmor (dynamic) environments is well suited. Another aspect of our methodology cov- M. Sc.-Eng Norma Montealegre However, due to the intrinsic resource ers load balancing in heterogeneous clus- Dipl.-Inform. Achim Rettberg (C-LAB) constraint of such architectures, an effi- ters, where reconfigurable hardware is Dipl.-Inform. Willi Richert (C-LAB) cient one part of the employed computing Dipl.-Inform. Gunnar Steinert usage of the available resources by the resources. Such approaches are promis- Dipl.-Inform. Henning Zabel (C-LAB) running tasks is needed. Therefore, algo- ing in the field of high performance com- rithms for run-time evaluation of the puting. Reconfigurable devices as parts of resources values and dynamic assign- such systems have the potential to Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Florian Dittmann ment of the tasks to the proper execution increase the performance, while still E-mail: [email protected] environments (GPP or FPGA) have been being flexible enough to meet changing Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 92 developed. In this scenario, the system computational requirements. Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 02 62 Workgroup

System and Circuit Technology System and Circuit Technology

Microelectronics – Key Technology and Challenge Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert

With the growing use of integration technology in almost all areas of life, microelectronics has become the key technology of the modern information society. The systematic design of resource-efficient microelectronics systems and their use according to specific demands constitute the central research aim of the Research Group of System and Circuit Technology.

http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/sct System and Circuit Technology 63

Key Technology Microelectronics Cognitronics The unbroken revolutionary progress of Cognitronics deals with the development microelectronics is the driving force of microelectronic circuits for a resource- behind the devolopment of new products efficient realisation of cognitive systems. with noticeably extended functionality It is the aim of our research activities to and increased capability at lower costs. equip technical products with cognitive Even beyond the year 2010, the develop- skills in order to improve their functional- ment of Microelectronics will not be ity and make them more reliable and restricted by physical-technological limi- user-friendly. tations so that challenges lie in the mas- Examples of cognitronic systems have tery of the design complexity – the tech- developed in nature in great numbers nological standard is more than 100 mil- over the course of evolution. It therefore lion transistors on an area of few square makes sense to transfer biological infor- centimetres – and in the economical use mation processing principles onto techni- of these technological possibilities. cal systems. Central to our work is the Against this background, the research analysis of the theoretical capability and group of System and Circuit Technology the integration-oriented realisation of develops microelectronic devices and such principles. systems in digital and analog circuit technology. A special focus is on massively Mediatronics parallel realisations and the evaluation of Mediatronics is a new interdisciplinary the resource efficency of such implemen- research field at the Heinz Nixdorf Insti- tations. Here, resource efficiency means tute, which is concerned with the situative Microelectronics as technological basis for Mediatronics and Cognitronics. to handle the physical quantities space, integration of technical products and sys- time and energy economically. tems into open systems. In future, these Our research and technological trans- systems will be marked, to an even fer activities concentrate on the central greater extent, by a decentral organisa- domains of Cognitronics and Mediatron- tion of dynamically connected, intelligent ics. The theoretical and practical educa- components. tion of students in managing and master- Our aim is to develop and provide ing the key technology of microelectronics methods and techniques that enable in concrete applications of information technical products to communicate and and automation technology goes hand in cooperate efficiently. Here, we follow new hand with our research work. approaches to use the available computing power and network resources efficiently in order to optimally meet the demands for service quality and reliability of future communication systems. 64 Workgroup

IT-Support in Sports Intelligent sportswear and automatic analysis of team sports

Motivation wear with a video supported analysis of The rapid development of microelectron- game events. All players are captured dur- ics allows the nearly invisible use of ing the game by a videotracking system microelectronic components with varied formed of two cameras which are placed functions in clothes. This opens a huge under the hall cover. The video data are number of applications in different areas, automatically evaluated on a real-time as for example in the sector of health and basis and a position regulation as well as recreation. Our purpose is to develop an observation of all players on the field microelectronic components for an intelli- occurs. From these data the external influ- gent sportswear and to integrate it func- ences on the players are deduced. tionally into the clothes. The important For the recording of physiological data of challenges for us are a small overall size the sportsman, an advanced system, and a minimal energy requirement. Fur- developed in the Department of System thermore, the components must show no and Circuit Technology, is used, which is injury danger, offer the usual wearing integrated into the sports shirt. The heart comfort, be robust and can also be laun- activity is measured by electrodes that are Sports shirt with integrated sensors, evaluation and communication unit as well as power supply dered. integrated in the shirt. The processing of the signal follows, as well as wireless Intelligent clothes in sport communication through Bluetooth to a The wish of many sports scientists and central computer or PDA. Additional phys- trainers is the opportunity to achieve per- iological data, which can be optionally formance diagnoses data of sportsmen recorded, are breathing rate and skin con- during a competition for different types of ductance. The recording of the data sports. These data concern the external occurs in parallel for all players who are conditions (velocity, achievement) as well equipped with the sport shirt. as internal demands (heart and breath The combination of all collected data per- activity). For the individual sport, mainly mits the evaluation of the player, linked in perseverance disciplines, products are with the allocation to a play situation. already available for data recording in var- Through this technology the trainers and ied form. However, a gap exists in the sports scientists have data at their dis- area of performance diagnoses in differ- posal, which inform of the tiredness ent types of sports, especially ball games, degree. For the first time it is possible to in which different movement patterns can show the actual requirement profile of appear, and where contacts between ball games in the competition and to let sportsmen occur. this knowledge influence towards an opti- mum play and training creation. Implementation and application The project treatment occurs in coopera- Our system is monitoring performance tion with the Institute of Sports Medicine data for sports like handball or football, (Prof. Dr. med. M. Weiss) of the University combines the use of intelligent sports- of Paderborn.

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Per Wilhelm E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 39

Dr.-Ing. Ulf Witkowski E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51 Video analysis system for high resolution recording with fisheye lens and http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/sct player tracking System and Circuit Technology 65

Teleworkbench A Platform for Multi-Robot Experiments

Motivation eras will be stored locally and at the same Programming autonomous robots, acting time streamed as live-video via the Inter- individually or in a group, is a challenging net. task. To ensure the correctness and robustness of the developed algorithm, Robot Platform thorough tests are essentials. One possi- The Teleworkbench uses minirobot Khep- ble wayisbyusing robotsimulator. How- era II as its robotic platform which can be ever, simulation, in most cases, just sim- extended with diverse auxiliary modules plifies real situation. Thus, experiments developed by the System and Circuit with real robots are compulsory. Yet, to do Technology group, e.g. different kind of Interactive analysis tool based on MPEG4 experiment with real robots is laborious: sensor modules, microcontroller-FPGA managing hardware resources, setting up modules for information processing, and robots, and logging as well as analyzing wireless modules. And with a recharging the experiments are examples of tasks station on each field, it is possible for the have to be done. To help robot software robots to recharge themselves automati- developers solving these problems, we cally. As the next robotic platform, Heinz have developed the Teleworkbench. Nixdorf Institute has developed a new minirobot which, with its chain-drive, is System description able to run on rough surface. The Teleworkbench System consists of a 2 m x 2 m field on which the robots run- Experiment analysis ning, robots, and various cameras and For experiment analysis purpose, we have servers for managing, recording, and ana- developed a graphical analysis tool based lyzing the experiments. The system is on the MPEG-4 video standard. With this accessible through the Internet, so that tool, the recorded video of the experiment local or remotely-located users are able to can be displayed together with some set up and execute experiments. Through computer-generated objects representing the web user interface, users can sched- important information, e.g. robot path or ule experiments and set programs to be exchanged message, whose appearance downloaded to each robot. Via Bluetooth can be controlled by users during analy- module, robots can exchange messages sis. to each other or to the Teleworkbench As a summary, the Teleworkbench Server wirelessly. These messages along enables researchers to cooperate and to with some other occurring events are realize multi-robot experiments. More- logged and used later for analysis pur- over, in education area, it allows school- pose. During experiments, some cameras children to experience interaction with are used to track the robots on the field to and to run a simple experiment using real provide position and orientation of the robots. robots. Also the video data from the cam-

Contact: M.Sc. Andry Tanoto E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 35

Dr.-Ing. Ulf Witkowski E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51 Teleworkbench system with platform for experiments, cameras and servers http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/sct 66 Workgroup

Hardware-in-the-Loop with RAPTOR2000

Motivation during the development process, without Reconfigurable hardware (e.g. Field Pro- leaving the Matlab/Simulink environ- grammable Gate Arrays, FPGAs) is ment. Additionally, it is possible to move increasingly applied as a platform for con- certain parts of a hardware design to an trol applications because of its flexibility FPGA and therefore increase the simula- and the good cost-performance ratio. tion speed of otherwise very time con- While the design and simulation of such suming hardware simulations. controllers is well supported by tools like Matlab/Simulink, the possibility to test Designflow these designs in real hardware using Our HiL toolchain HiLDE (Hardware-in-the- Simulink is rather restricted. Therefore, a Loop Design Environment) attaches

The Hardware-in-the-Loop Designflow Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) system has directly to the hardware description of a been developed in the System and Circuit component modelled by Technology group, which bridges the gap Matlab/Simulink. The necessary inter- between design and simulation taking faces and functions are adjusted to the advantage of the Simulink test environ- controller and the required synthesis ment. steps are processed. Thus, a hardware component is generated, which can be Concept reintegrated into the simulation. At the The term “Hardware-in-the-Loop” same time a configuration description is describes a kind of simulation, which is automatically produced, which delivers realized by interconnecting real hardware parameters like sampling rates, number and a virtual environment for testing pur- formats, and addresses to the simulation poses. The basic challenge in conducting tool. HiL simulations lies in the synchroniza- By this means a HiL environment has tion between the test object (Design evolved, which allows fast simulations Under Test, DUT) and the model of the within Matlab/Simulink, while the model environment. While common HiL systems, of the plant remains unchanged. whose domain is the test of designs on In the future, our approach will be module and system level, use elaborate extended to simulation environments for techniques to ensure the real time capa- hardware description languages like bility of the model, we pursue another VHDL and SystemC. Another important approach. area is the test and integration of partial Our approach is based on the fact that dynamic reconfiguration into our frame- we are, under certain circumstances, able work. This will contribute to other devel- to slow down the clock of a digital syn- opments from our group, resulting in a chronous system without changing the complete framework for partial dynamic functionality of that system. For these pur- reconfiguration of FPGAs. poses an interface standard for hardware The tools which have been developed and software has been developed, which within the scope of this project can be on the one hand encapsulates the IOs of used in different areas of hardware devel- the DUT and on the other hand ensures opment, other than HiL simulations. The the synchronous operation of DUT and Simulink/Hardware interface can be used simulation. for purposes like monitoring of active con- Contact: This standard allows simulation and trollers or controlling of analogue inter- Dipl.-Ing. Christopher Pohl verification of many hardware designs faces directly from Matlab or Simulink. E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 43 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

Ma. Sc. Carlos Paiz E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 40 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/sct The Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Environment System and Circuit Technology 67

Crypto-Hardware Resource-efficient hardware-software-combinations for elliptic curve cryptography

Motivation efficient hardware-software-partitioning, Digital security is becoming more and we want to analyze and develop novel more important in our daily lives and algorithms in finite field arithmetic. Finite cryptographic techniques are essential for field arithmetic features the basic opera- safety relevant applications. In asymmet- tions for elliptic curve mathematics and is ric cryptosystems, which are used for digi- often used in asymmetric cryptosystems. tal signatures or key exchange, the RSA In close cooperation with the research algorithm is commonly used. A novel group “Computer Security” (Cosec) of Pro- approach for secure data transmission is fessor von zur Gathen at the Bonn-Aachen based on elliptic curves. In contrast to International Center for Information Tech- previous asymmetric techniques, elliptic nology (B-IT) we develop novel resource- curve cryptography (ECC) achieves a high efficient methods for elliptic curve cryp- level of security with comparatively short tography. key sizes. Therefore, ECC requires less computational power and memory Implementation Addition of two points on an elliptic curve resources than conventional asymmetric The chip design of our cryptosystem is cryptographic methods. Hence, elliptic based on a 32-bit RISC processor element curve cryptography is especially suitable that is called N-Core. The N-Core is a soft for mobile devices with limited resources core, which was developed at our and restricted energy (e.g., smartcards). research group and can easily be extended with additional instructions Concept inside the processor core as well as exter- The objective of this project is the evalua- nal coprocessor modules. Based on these tion of novel algorithms for cryptographic optimized processor elements we also methods and their realization with consider scalable chip multiprocessors resource-efficient hardware-software- for high performance applications. With a combinations. In this context, resource- prototypical implementation of two appli- efficiency means an optimal implementa- cation scenarios we will evaluate our tion in terms of clock frequency, chip area research results. Regarding chip cards, (costs) and power consumption. For this the challenge is to minimize chip area purpose, we focus on three differently and power consumption, whereas hard- coupled hardware extension modules for ware accelerators for security servers general purpose processors. Besides have to be optimized with respect to com- instruction set extension we develop putational power. In order to demonstrate coprocessor modules, which are based on the efficieny of our approches, we will reconfigurable hardware as well as on implement first prototypes on the application specific hardware. In order to RAPTOR2000 platform, an FPGA-based gain high data throughput all hardware rapid prototyping system that was devel- extensions are coupled very tightly to the oped at our research group. processor. In addition to the evaluation of Supported by: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Projekt RU 477/8

Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Puttmann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 45 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

Dr.-Ing. Mario Porrmann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

The Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Environment http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/sct 68 Workgroup

Mechatronics and Mechatronics and Dynamics Dynamics

Creativity drives Innovation Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallaschek

Today, new developments often emerge at the borders between disciplines, where different ways of thinking confront and stimulate one another. Mechatronics, one of the key technologies of the 21st century lies within this new field.

http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/mud Mechatronics and Dynamics 69

Around 1975, the word Mechatronics was characterised by the Japanese “Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)” to concisely describe the control of machines with the aid of microprocessors. Mechatronics owes its development particularly to the increasing importance of information processing in the design of new machines. The main driving force was and still is the rapid development of microelectronics in the last decades. Systems can be described by matter, energy and information flows at their inputs and outputs, as well as through the ways in which they are connected to one another. The information flow in mechatronic systems is of particular importance. In the past, information flows domain specific descriptions must be had to be realised mechanically (lever brought together. In the synthesis of mechanisms, linkage system, etc.); today, mechatronic systems, there is a need to this can easily occur over standardised IT simultaneously consider functional and modules. Microprocessors have become physical properties. machine elements like screws, clutches “The art of building machines” and similar. The coupling of technical sys- (mechanics) by taking into account the tems on the level of information process- possibilities of microelectronics is one of ing is particularly easy to realise. An the key technologies at the beginning of advantage – but also a risk – of this the 21st century. The field of mechatron- immaterial coupling is the enormous flexi- ics now faces its next important develop- bility that results. Therefore, situation ment stage: the incorporation of man into dependant action becomes possible. the system design. The term "human cen- Machines are becoming ‘intelligent’. tric mechatronics" clearly expresses the As with all other engineering sciences, concept that systematically adapts the the fundamental task lies in analysis and specifications for mechatronic systems to synthesis. The challenge in the analysis is meet the needs of (human) users and the close coupling of mechanic, electronic masters the development and optimisa- and information processing modules with tion methods. respect to functionality. The respective 70 Workgroup

Self-Sensing Piezoelectric Systems

Applications of piezoelectric materials Ultrasonic wire bonding can be found in many fields like e.g. med- Ultrasonic wire bonding is used to make ical engineering, ultrasonic welding, ultra- electrical interconnections in microelec- sonic cleaning and energy harvesting. tronic systems. The main advantages are Although it is well known that piezoelec- that connections are clean, adhesives are tric materials can perform the function of not necessary and the elements to be a sensor and actuator, most applications bonded do not require preheating. The are based on the use of one single mode process is based on friction welding using of operation. piezoelectric transducers. First applications using a single piezo- High reliability on the quality of the Tactile sensor based on a piezoelectric bimorph electric transducer conducting both func- bonds is demanded, since a single defect tions were developed for the control of in one wire bond might cause an overall vibrations in structures in the early 90’s electrical failure. The main mechanical and became known as piezoelectric self- problems found in this process are bond sensing systems. fracture or poor welding. Bonding quality The aim of self-sensing is to improve evaluation is an alternative to control the behaviour of a standard actuator by these problems. We have developed a the implementation of an electronic cir- bonding quality monitoring system using cuit capable to separate the sensing infor- a piezoelectric self-sensing transducer. mation from the driving signals without Now we go one step further using our the necessity of additional sensors. experience in this field developing a Piezoelectric tactile sensor acting on a gelatine phantom The advantages of such systems are smart system that combines a piezoelec- obvious. Nevertheless there is still need tric self-sensing system with a knowl- for basic research aiming at improving edge-based system. The aim is to add accuracy and robustness. We have stud- self-optimizing capabilities to the actual ied self-sensing piezoelectric systems in bonding equipment in order to improve detail and try to incorporate them to the control of the welding process. improve the performance of selected actuators in research projects in the field of piezoelectric transducers.

Piezoelectric tactile sensors Piezoelectric tool for ultrasonic wire-bonding We developed a resonant transducer for medical applications to differentiate healthy from tumour tissue. First results have shown that is possible to identify gelatine phantoms that imitate tissue mechanical characteristics. With the incorporation of the actual device into a self-sensing system, we are investigating different techniques to char- acterise the mechanical properties of the tissue in order to provide more reliable Close-up of the tool making wire-bonds information to the surgeon.

Contact: M. Sc. David Oliva Uribe E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 81 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78

http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/mud Mechatronics and Dynamics 71

Ultrasonic Levitation

It has been discovered and investigated ically sensitive configurations. An ultra- more than 40 years ago that small objects sonically levitated stage using NFAL can (such as liquid droplets) of a few grams overcome all these difficulties. can be levitated at the nodal points of a The objective of our research is to standing wave acoustic field, see figure 1. develop an ultrasonically levitated table This phenomenon is called Ultrasonic with the vibration parts on the movable Levitation. Ultrasonic levitators, such as a table instead to generate a wave along liquid drop levitator, with various optional the whole guide, see figure 3a. It literally features are designed to be applicable to has unlimited stroke and low power con- manifold scientific disciplines. However, sumption. this kind of ultrasonic levitators are capable to levitate very small and light objects only. They are not applicable to most of the industrial applications which require high power. In 1995, Hashimoto and Figure 1: Levitation of liquid droplets in an ultrasonic standing wave field. Ueha experimentally proved that a planar heavy object of 10 kilograms can be levitated close to the vibration surface and referred to it as Near-Field Acoustic Levita- tion (NFAL). Based on this in-air NFAL, levitation and suspension systems have been studied and developed.

First experimental results A basic experimental setup has been built up in our laboratories to validate the NFAL. A standard transducer from ultrasonic welding technology is used to gen- Figure 3: Schematic design of a) Ultrasonic levitation stage, b) Non-contact ultrasonic bearing. erate ultrasonic vibration. The welding tool is replaced by a horn, which magni- Figure 2: First experimental setup for ultrasonic fies the vibration amplitude and a planar With the similar concept of the ultra- levitation of heavy loads. vibration disk mounted on its top gener- sonic levitation stage, we desire to ates acoustic pressure in a large area. All develop a non-contact precision ultra- the components are designed and manu- sonic bearing, see figure 3b. It consists of factured to match the same natural fre- 4 transducers placed in a circle with 90 quency of 20 kHz. The system is driven at degree between each other. Bearing clear- its resonant frequency using an adaptive ance is a few micro meter with an acur- phase-lock-loop control. With input power racy in sub-micro meter level. In compari- of 16 W, a 3 kg weight has successfully son to the traditional non-contact bear- been levitated. The resulting levitation ings such as electromagnet bearing, air force per unit area is 1.15 N/cm². bearing or hydraulic bearing, the ultrasonic bearing will have the following Ultrasonic levitation stage and advantages: Non-contact ultrasonic bearing Supported by: Precision sliding stages with sliders levi- No special request for the material of International Graduate School of tated by air pressure or magnetic force are the shaft. Dynamic Intelligent Systems being developed for novel fabrication No need of large amount of clean air. processes such as micro/nano devices No magnetic effect on the nearby com- and biochemical devices. However, a con- ponents. Contact: tinuous supply of a large volume of clean M. Sc. Su Zhao air is required for the air-pressure stage, E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 75 which causes a cost problem, while the Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78 magnetic stages cannot be used for electron beam machines or any other magnet- http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/mud 72 Workgroup

Ultrasonically Assisted Deep Hole Drilling Increase of Effectiveness by Superimposed Vibrations

The aim of this project is to analyse the Methods deep hole drilling process and to investi- It is necessary to develop special actua- gate if it can be improved by superimpo- tors with a working frequency of 20 kHz in sing the cutting kinematics with vibra- a rotating application and to integrate tions in the audible and in the ultrasonic them in an existing machine tool. A piezo- frequency range. electric transducer creates the axial vibrations in the ultrasonic frequency range. Motivation The required electrical energy is transmit- Many technical products, for example ted contactless by induction. fuel-injection systems, oilways and air A test facility based on models was ducts, demand the creation of deep holes developed and constructed in a system- with small diameters. atic procedure. Experimental tests deliver A well known technique is the deep the optimal process parameters for the hole drilling process. The main disadvan- different applications. In addition to that tage of the applied drilling tools, the so the creation of design guidelines makes it called gun drills, is their scrawny shape, possible to use the acquired conclusions Chip shapes from machining of X17CrNi16 with superimposed vibrations in the low-frequency the susceptibility to fracture caused by for other machining processes systemati- range the brittle hard-metal cutting material, cally. and, related to that, the chip formation. These are limiting the effectiveness of the Aim of the project process. Observations in cutting experi- It is the ambition of this research project ments demonstrate, that the effective- to make the changeover from an acade- ness of the deep hole drilling process mic experimental setup to a deep hole could be clearly improved by superim- drilling machine with an integrated ultra- posed axial low-frequency vibrations, cre- sonic actuator possible. ating shorter chips, which could be easily transported out of the hole with the help of vibrations.

Advantages It is known from different machining oper-

Finite element simulation of a piezoelectrically ations that an interaction of the cutting driven drilling tool kinematics with additional vibration energy increases the material removal and enhances the cutting edge life. Fur- ther positive effects refer to achievable surface qualities and improved machin- ability of ceramic materials.

Project Partner: University of Stuttgart Institute for Machine Tools

Supported by: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)

Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Christian Potthast E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 75 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78

http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/mud Deep hole drilling process Mechatronics and Dynamics 73

Reduction of FE-Models by using Modal Analysis

The design and development of mecha- The electromechanical equivalent circuits tronic systems with high requirements on which are based on an analogy between dynamic behaviour, durability or reliabil- electrical and mechanical domains can be ity requires the use of modern methods of provided here as a result of the reduction. simulation, measurement and analysis. These simplified models, which are often The experimental modal analysis is a fre- used to representing the piezoelectric quently used tool for the determination of systems, are able to describe the relevant Bonding Sonotrode the dynamic characteristics of a mechani- aspects of the original non-reduced sys- cal structure. This method provides all tem. parameters such as natural frequencies, mode shapes and the associated modal damping ratios. It produces all necessary information on the dynamics of the system. In earlier development phases many FE-Model of Bonding Sonotrode different numerical models are used to simulate the system performance. A standard tool is the finite element method (FEM), which can be used to model complex mechatronic systems. Electromechanical Equivalent Model Model Reduction A large dimension and a high structural Application complexity of many finite element models A bonding sonotrode is used here as an are linked with increased time of compu- example for the procedure, to extract the tation. Therefore, it is often difficult to use electromechanical equivalent circuit. The the same FE-models during all develop- modal analysis was performed in order to ment phases from the conception over uncouple the system into individual the optimization up to the application in modes, from which the lumped parame- control engineering. ters of electromechanical equivalent cir- An approach to reduce the necessary cuit can be obtained. By using modal numerical solution consists of accom- superposition, the dynamic behaviour in plishing a model reduction which leads to form of the characteristic transfer function simplified models with only a few degrees can be computed over a wide frequency Mode Shapes at 69 kHz, 96 kHz and 125 kHz of freedom. The model reduction should range. be done in such a way that the characteristics of the systems input/output descriptions are approximated within a pre-selectable frequency range with suffi- cient accuracy.

Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Martin Liekenbröcker E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 75 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78

Dipl.-Ing. Rafal Krol E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 87 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78

Measured and calculated electric admittances http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/mud 74 Workgroup

Mesopic Vision

Mesopic Photometry Headlamp Rating The research group „Mesopic Vision“ of A second research group of the L-LAB the L-LAB investigates visual perception works on the objective rating of head- at mesopic brightness levels. The word lamps. Here the target is the definition “mesopic” refers to the perception under and quantitative description of quality twilight conditions between pure daytime features of automotive headlamps (e.g. vision (photopic) and pure nighttime homogeneity, glare, detection distance). vision (scotopic). Mesopic vision is char- The aim is to find quality parameters of acterised by the activity of both receptor the light distribution for the evaluation of

Figure 1: Spectral senstitivity of the human eye types of the human retina. The cones headlamps. With the measured light dis- for daytime vision and nighttime vision (daytime vision, luminances > 10cd/m²) tribution a prediction of separate quality as well as the rods (nighttime vision, features should be possible. For instance luminances < 0,001 cd/m²) contribute to a criterion for uniformity can be calcu- the brightness perception of humans. The lated from the light distribution of the different spectral sensitivities of the headlamp that has a high correlation with receptors determine the luminous effi- the subjective evaluation of the unifor- ciency of the eye (figure 1) and therefore mity. our brightness perception for colours. One aim of our research is the devel- Accident Reconstruction opment of a photometric method for mea- One application of the results of the surements under mesopic luminance lev- research group “Mesopic Vision” is the Figure 2: Threshold contrast for coloured objects els. Perception based measurements are use of spatially resolved luminance mea- at several positions in the visual field currently only possible under pure pho- surement in nighttime accident recon- topic or scotopic conditions. Due to com- struction. Based on measured luminance plex physiological processes there is no distributions (figure 3) declarations about generally agreed model to describe the visibility conditions at the time of an mesopic vision and therefore no uniform accident can be made. Models for the cal- evaluation method for measurements in culation of the visual performance are the mesopic range. This measurement used for this purpose. Last year an acci- technologies are especially important for dent reconstruction was conducted in the evaluation of safety related lighting cooperation with the accident investiga- systems such as street lighting and auto- tion expert office Sonntag and Berg. The motive headlamps. report about the visual conditions at the Figure 3: Luminance picture of a traffic situation To evaluate existing approaches for time of the accident was done by the with pedestrian mesopic measurements in terms of their L-LAB with the use of spatial resolved ability to predict the perception of luminance measurements. coloured obstacles at several positions in the visual field, a laboratory study was Supported by: done. Results show that blue objects are L-LAB underestimated and redish objects are International Graduate School of overestimated by the measurements (fig- Dynamic Intelligent Systems ure 2). The existing mesopic models consider these effects only to some extend. Our aim is to enhance these models and Contact: to consider the position of the objects in Dipl.-Ing. Sabine Raphael the visual field and hence to evaluate E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|704 34 36 7 spatially resolved luminance values. Fax: +49 (0) 5251|704 34 96 1

Dipl.-Ing. Dirk Kliebisch E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|704 34 36 7 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|704 34 96 1

http://www.L-Lab.de Mechatronics and Dynamics 75

Driver Assistance Systems for highly automated driving

Highly Automated Driving For our vision of safe and comfortable driving in the future we research on vehicles that can “perceive” their own state and the surrounding traffic, “think ahead” future traffic situations and “act” appro- priately either autonomously or in interaction with the driver, similar to horse and horseman. The essential scientific and technological challenges for autonomous or semi- automomous, self-organized driving are related with the exploration of Overall Control Loop (with Driving Simulator)

new sensor technologies and methods for information fusion to generate the ability of machine per- Simulator and Test Vehicle ception, Our theoretical work on autonomous software with “machine intelligence” motion planning, vehicle control and for the interpretation of traffic situa- guidance is supplemented by experimen- tion, behavior generation and execu- tal studies on the design of a haptic Elastic Band for Motion Planning tion with actuators, and human-machine interaction. Therefore, a human-machine interfaces for the fixed-based driving simulator was built. communication and cooperation bet- The communication and cooperation ween the driver and the vehicle. between driver, the vehicle and the software for motion planning and vehicle con- At present, our research concentrates on trol is one of the key issues in bringing “machine intelligence” and human- advanced driver assistance systems to machine interaction, and in particular on maturity. path planning. A further significant step towards a robust design of our software modules is Operation Sequence the testing with a real vehicle. Our test External and internal sensors acquire vehicle is equipped with a steering and information regarding the position, veloc- braking actuator. Position and velocity are Research Team with Test Vehicle ity and acceleration of the vehicle itself measured by the fusion of Differential- and all other detected traffic objects. GPS signals and signals from a Inertial Mathematical models then predict the Measuring Unit (accelerometers and gyro- motion of these objects. This information scopes). The level of assistance for vehi- Supported by: is used to generate a hazard map, see fig- cle guidance shall include the range from L-LAB ure. One or more temporally and spacially lane keeping assistance to autonomous International Graduate School of predictive elastic bands search this haz- driving along planned paths. Dynamic Intelligent Systems ard map for drivable and collision-free Hella KGaA Hueck & Co. paths. A path following controller determines the necessary control inputs for the vehicle, especially the desired steering Contact: angle. The planned maneuver is commu- Jun.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattel E-mail: [email protected] nicated to the driver by an assistance Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 79 moment induced at the steering wheel Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 78 which the driver has to overcome in order http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/mud to depart from the suggested path. The adaptive characteristic of this feedback Dipl.-Ing. Tobias Hesse E-mail: [email protected] moment can be used to adjust the degree Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 22 46 of assistance. Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 43 82 http://www.L-LAB.de 76 Workgroup

Parallel Computing Parallel Computing

A special feature of the Supercomputer of the “Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing (PC2)”: the water-cooling system of the CPUs.

Reaching new magnitudes through the efficient use of parallel and distributed systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien Parallel and distributed computing is the key technology for the solution of large, computationally intensive problems in science and technology. The challenge is now to further improve the capabilities of this technology, to develop the full potential of applications and to open up new dimensions of realization.

http://www.uni-paderborn.de/cs/ag-monien Parallel Computing 77

The provision of powerful computing performance are made available “on formance is a key requisite for the imple- demand”. mentation of complex systems and appli- Against this background we are pri- „DELIS – Dynamically Evolving Large-scale Infor- cations in science and technology. Today, marily concerned with the following mation Systems” is one of the research projects high-performance computers generally research areas: funded by the European Union and financially supports the activities of the group within a take the shape of parallel computers. In period of four years. such systems, a complex task is not The theoretical fundamentals of paral- processed by one single computer, but by lel computing, several computers simultaneously. These the architecture and operation of par- share the workload in a similar way to an allel and distributed computing sys- „AEOLUS – Algorithmic Principles for Building assembly line or a large company with dif- tems, Efficient Overlay Computers” is the newest EU ferent business areas. The parallel com- the use of parallel computing to solve project of the research group. The consortium consists of 23 sites from all over Europe. As well puting performance can be produced complex problems in science and as DELIS this project has a term of four years. both by a single computer, comprised of technology. several processors, and by several computers, that are distributed at different The working group participates in numer- sites and communicating with each other. ous national and international funded The analysis and design of efficient projects, in which the results of research parallel and distributed computer archi- are applied for solving practical problems tectures, the development of powerful of the industrial partners. Conversely, the methods of implementing applications on close cooperation with the industrial part- those systems, and implementing proto- ners over and over again leads to new types of those applications are essentially impulses and questions stimulating our the areas covered by the “Parallel Com- own research activities. puting” research area. One major field of applications is that With our teaching programs we aim to of computer simulation by parallel com- provide the students with sound know puters. Expensive and time-consuming how, that is close to research, in the field test series, or dangerous experiments, of Parallel Computing, with comprised can increasingly be replaced by computer skills for practical use and with experi- simulations. The visualisation of 3-dimen- ences in real projects. sional objects in real-time is of enormous relevance both to computer simulation and to a wide range of other applications. The necessary computing power can only be provided by means of scalable parallel computers. Such great computing power is also needed for solving decision-making problems in a wide variety of planning issues such as how valuable resources can be saved or systems used more efficiently in traffic regulation. The methods, we develop, are especially tested in the field of parallel game-tree search, which has a long tradition within our working group. Further applications using parallel and distributed computing are also found in the field of networked multimedia sys- The current Supercomputer of the PC² is ranked on the 25th TOP 500 list of the strongest Supercomputers in tems, where memory and computing per- the world on position 205. 78 Workgroup

Multi-stage Stochastic Optimization

During the last decades optimization model is a single first-stage policy and a methods remarkably improved planning tree-like collection of recourse decisions tasks in many areas like transportation, (a decision rule) defining which action production, and finances. In order to should be taken in response to each ran- solve complex practical problems with the dom outcome. help of computers the problems have to In the research group of Prof. Monien be transformed into a formal model that multi-stage stochastic optimization is abstracts their relevant aspects. But most used for the disruption management of of the time it is still assumed that all nec- aircraft fleets, in which we combine our The disruption management of aircraft fleets can essary information is known exactly at the long-time experience in airline optimiza- be improved significantly with the help of new time of optimization whereas in practice tion and parallel game tree search. When methods for multi-stage stochastic optimization. the information is uncertain to some disruptions (delays, technical failures, …) degree. Therefore, this kind of model occur the aircraft schedule of an airline building implicitly can result in a signifi- becomes invalid and must be repaired by cant loss of achievable solution quality e.g. holding back flights, changing the for many practical optimization problems. associated aircrafts of flights, or can- If the uncertainty of information can celling flights. During the search for a be formalized by some random variables cost-efficient repair possible future dis- with known probability distributions, sto- ruptions are taken into account by means chastic optimization can be used to over- of a new solution method for multi-stage come the aforementioned shortcoming by stochastic optimization problems. Multi-stage stochastic optimization problems can be modeled as game trees. Red nodes represent looking for solutions with optimal This new method interprets the opti- the decision maker who looks for cost-effective expected quality. Furthermore, stochastic mization problem as a 2-person game, moves. Blue nodes stand for nature and act randomly. optimization can also adhere to various where one player (operations controller) risk measures besides expected values, is allowed to make repairs to a disrupted like e.g. the variance. schedule and the other player (nature) Multi-stage sto- can inflict disruptions on the schedule. chastic optimization The operations controller want to find problems have the repairs with minimal induced costs, following structure, whereas nature randomly selects disrup- for which the con- tions according to given probability distri- cept of recourse butions. Such a game can be represented decisions plays a by a game tree and the optimal move (the central role: At a repair with least expected costs) of the given point a deci- operations controller can be determined sion maker takes with the help of an extended game tree some action in the search algorithm. As a result, the total first stage, after repair costs could significantly be which a random reduced compared to an established event occurs affect- deterministic solution method based on ing the outcome of integer programming. Repair suggestion for a disrupted aircraft sched- the first-stage decision. A recourse deci- A grand challenge for the future is the ule. Each row shows the flights of an associated aircraft. sion can then be made in the second application of stochastic optimization to stage that compensates for any bad other areas like production planning. Fur- effects that might have been experienced thermore, new strategies must be devel- as a result of the first-stage decision. oped to cope with the increasing algorith- Then another random event occurs which mic complexity induced by stochastic necessitates another recourse decision, models, e.g. by using massive parallel and so on. The optimal policy from such a systems. Contact: Dr. rer. nat. Sven Grothklags E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 67 05

http://www.uni-paderborn.de/cs/sven/ Parallel Computing 79

Shape Optimized Graphpartitioning Loadbalancing in Parallel Adaptive Numerical Simulatios

Computer based numerical simulations The relationships between the ele- often play an important role during the ments can be modeled as a graph, where development of complex technical prod- the computations are represented by ver- ucts. Such simulations require a dis- tices and the data dependencies by cretization of the underlaying mathemati- edges. A common method to distribute cal problem description. Therefore, the the computational loads onto the proces- established “Finite Element Method” dis- sors consists in dividing the vertices of sects the simulation area into simple geo- this graph into equally sized sets (parti- metric elements, e.g. tetrahedrons, and tions) such that as few edges as possible approximates the solution of the partial connect vertices that are placed in differ- differential equations at the corner ent partitions. This matches the classical points. The finer this discretization is per- graph partitioning problem. formed, the better becomes the approxi- However, the actual amount of com- mation quality, but more elements also munication can be represented much A load distribution of an adaptively refined simu- result in a higher computational effort. more accurately by the number of nodes lation area according to the classical approach. Up-to-date simulations involve many mil- at the partition boundaries. That is why lions of elements, hence a fast calculation we have developed a new technique can only be accomplished on a parallel which computes good, and depending on computer. the simulation area as round as possible The efficient usage of a parallel sys- partition shapes. By this we obtain con- tem requires an even work load distribu- nected partitions with a small number of tion onto the processors. The induced boundary nodes. Since our approach, in additional data transfer between the contrast to many other methods, is well- processors should be kept minimal due to suited for an incremental improvement of the relatively high communication costs. a given partitioning, it rebalances with Since the approximation computation small migration costs at the same time. at a corner point relies on the data of all The traditional method and our new adjacent points, neighboring elements approach can be compared by means of should be preferably placed on the same the figures, where it is apparent that the processor. Furthermore, during a simula- latter computes connected and more tion the discretization can turn out to be compact partitions with shorter and A load distribution of an adaptively refined simu- not fine enough in certain areas. To obtain smoother boundaries. lation area according to our new approach. a more exact solution, the number of elements in these areas has to be increased. This adaptation often results in a work load mismatch, therefore a rebalancing according to the mentioned criteria becomes necessary. Additionally, as few as possible elements should be migrated to other processors because this operation is comparatively expensive.

Supported by: DFG Sonderforschungsbereich 376 PaSCo - Graduiertenkolleg

Another Contact: example of a shape optimized Dipl.-Inf. Henning Meyerhenke partitioning result of the new Dr. rer. nat. Stefan Schamberger approach. The picture shows the E-mail: [email protected] fragmented domain of a 3-dimensional DFG benchmark problem (“the circulation around Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 67 30 a cylinder in a channel”). For readability reasons the partitions are extruded. http://www.uni-paderborn.de/cs/henningm 80 Workgroup

Applied Physics/ Applied Physics/ IntegratedIntegrated Optics Optics

Integrated Optics in Lithium Niobate Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler

The Applied Physics group (Prof. Dr. W. Sohler) is engaged in the field of integrated optics. Lithium niobate is used as substrate material due to its excellent electro-, acousto- and nonlinear optical properties. A variety of optically and/or electrically controllable, miniaturized waveguide devices and optical circuits are developed for applications in optical communications and optical metrology.

http://fb6www.upb.de/ag/ag-sol/ag-sol.htm Applied Physics / Integrated Optics 81

The idea of integrated optics is to develop the Heinrich-Hertz-Institute and the Tech- miniaturized waveguide devices and com- nical University, both Berlin). Moreover, plex optical circuits on a common sub- integrated nonlinear optical parametric strate using planar technologies well oscillators are developed as compact, known from integrated electronics. This tuneable, efficient coherent MIR light goal is also pursued by the Applied Phy- sources for applications in spectroscopic sics / Integrated Optics group using trace gas analysis (current DFG-project). lithium niobate (LiNbO3) with its excellent Within an EU-project starting soon, electro-, acousto- and nonlinear optical funded by the BMBF, sources for single properties as substrate material. More- entangled photon pairs will be developed over, doping of lithium niobate with laser- in cooperation with the Universities of Fig. 1: “Photonic crystal” waveguide with “defect structures” on both sides, which can serve as active ions (especially rare earths) enab- Nice and Stockholm (see project 1). optical resonators (cooperation with Prof. Wehr- les the development of integrated optical Again, Ti:PPLN waveguides will be the spohn). amplifiers and lasers. Current research essential structure in more complex inte- topics are: grated optical “circuits”. The new photon sources will be applied in future commu- Technology nication links using quantum cryptogra- The group develops lithium niobate-spe- phy to transmit the key of a code inher- cific technologies for the development of ently bug-proof. integrated optical waveguides and devices (e.g. periodic poling of ferroelectric Erbium-doped lasers microdomains (current DFG-project), Erbium diffusion doping of LiNbO3 enab- selective chemical etching of micro- les the development of a variety of diffe- structures, indiffusion of laser-active ions, rent types of integrated optical lasers of holographic writing of photorefractive gra- attractive properties by exploiting the tings, stoichiometry control using vapour intrinsic acousto-optical, electro-optical transport equilibration, etc.). These activi- and photorefractive properties of the sub- Fig. 2: Polarization independent wavelength conversion of 22 data channels of 21.4 Gbit/s data ties are accompanied by advanced cha- strate material. During the last years acti- rate each by an integrated optical converter in racterization techniques (e.g. optical, vely Q-switched and modelocked lasers, the mid of an about 10000 km long communication link used for dispersion compensation (after electron and atomic force microscopy, narrow line width devices with photore- S. L. Jansen et al., in cooperation with Siemens spectroscopy …). Fig. 1 shows as an fractive gratings as resonator, ring lasers, A.G., Munich, and TU Eindhoven). example a “photonic crystal” waveguide and acousto-optically tuneable lasers with “defect structures” on both sides, have been developed. The acousto-opti- which can serve as optical resonators cally induced frequency shift can be utili- (cooperation with Prof. Wehrspohn). zed to develop unconventional frequency shifted feedback lasers. Using such a Nonlinear optical devices device contact-free distance measure- Periodically poled Ti:LiNbO3 (Ti:PPLN) ment has been demonstrated with a reso- waveguides are the basis of efficient opti- lution of a few micrometers only (see pro- cal frequency converters and ultra-fast all- ject 2). optical switching devices for the near In cooperation with the University of (NIR) and mid infrared (MIR) spectral Geneva erbium-doped waveguides of low range. For example, nonlinear optical dif- concentration have been developed. They ference frequency converters and optical have been used to successfully demons- parametric amplifiers for wavelength shif- trate first “photon-echo” experiments in ting and amplification in the NIR (see Fig. Geneva (see Fig. 3). The mid-term goal of Fig. 3: Experimental setup to demonstrate at low 2) are currently developed for future this project is to develop a memory for temperatures “photon echoes” in erbium-doped reconfigurable all-optical wavelength divi- single photons, which might become of waveguides in lithium niobate, which might become single photon memories as needed in sion multiplex (WDM) optical networks significant importance for quantum infor- quantum information processing (setup of (current DFG-project, in cooperation with mation processing. W. Tittel and N. Gisin, University of Geneva). 82 Workgroup

Entangled Photon Pairs for Quantum Cryptography

Background 60 mm long, periodically poled (quasi- Quantum communications and quantum phase-matched) titanium-indiffused opti- computing are enabling technologies, cal stripe waveguides (Ti:PPLN) of low los- which will have a substantial impact on ses (about 0.1 dB/cm at λ = 1550 nm). forthcoming directions in communicati- The typical width of a waveguide is about Fig.1: Schematic diagram of the photon pair ons and information processing. Already 7µm. The poling period is determined by source to generate entangled photon pairs in Ti- diffused optical waveguides in periodically poled there is a strong demand for tap-proof, the requirement to fulfil the phase-match lithium niobate. secure data transmission. Existing crypto- condition; therefore, a period of about graphic systems become more and more 9 µm had to be chosen for this particular insecure as increasing computing power nonlinear process. The devices are tempe- of a spy facilitates to “hack” even com- rature-stabilized (again to fulfil the phase- plex encryption codes. The only way to matching condition) with about ± 0.2 °C develop an inherently secure transmis- accuracy. sion system relies on quantum cryptogra- To characterize the samples parame- phy. Based on principles of quantum tric fluorescence has been investigated. mechanics, a secure transmission is In Fig. 2 a measured frequency spectrum obtained by delivering an encryption key is shown. Due to the nonlinear conversion via single photons. process for the specific pump wavelength The technological implementation of chosen, two peaks are observed at diffe- quantum cryptography systems is still in rent wavelengths, corresponding to the its infancy. A series of special compo- emission of TM-polarized idler and TE- Fig 2: Measured parametric fluorescence spectrum with orthogonally polarized signal and idler nents must be developed and optimized polarized signal photons. One signal and components. to allow a transmission in the existing one idler photon form an entangled pho- fibre optical networks. In particular, the ton pair. development of sources for single pho- The generated fluorescence power is tons or single photon pairs is a key chal- very weak. By a further reduction of the lenge. pump power single photon pairs will be emitted well separated in time. The direct The project detection of such single photon pairs and The main objective of the project is the the proof of their entanglement are cur- development of miniaturized sources for rently under investigation. Fig. 3: Advanced device with integrated polariza- the generation of entangled photon pairs. tion splitter for spatial separation of the orthogonally polarized photons and a WDM-coupler and The emission should be in the 1.55µm Outlook pump reflecting mirror for the suppression of the spectral range to be compatible with exis- The future work in this project will concen- pump wave at the output ports. ting fibre optical networks. These sources trate on the optimization of the devices. are based on nonlinear optical parametric In particular, further components will be down-conversion. Pump photons at a integrated on the substrate (Fig. 3). On wavelength λ ≈ 775nm are split into two the one hand, the entangled photons orthogonally polarized, entangled pho- should be spatially separated. This will be tons at wavelengths around 1.55µm (see performed by taking advantage of the Fig. 1). To increase the efficiency of the orthogonal polarization of the photons. process waveguide structures in periodi- By an integrated polarization splitter they cally poled lithium niobate (PPLN) will be can be separated and routed towards dif- used. ferent output ports. On the other hand, a The work will be performed within the suppression of the residual pump radia- framework of an EU-project starting soon, tion at the output ports is necessary. This funded by the BMBF. Different types of might be realized using a specially desig- sources for single entangled photon pairs ned directional coupler (WDM-coupler) Contact: will be developed in cooperation with the and a dielectric mirror acting as pump Dr. Harald Herrmann Universities of Nice and Stockholm. reflector on the waveguide end face. Fur- E-mail: [email protected] thermore, the devices will be packaged Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 58 79 Photon-pair sources and pigtailed with single-mode fibres. Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 58 86 First devices have already been realized http://fb6www.upb.de/ag/ag-sol/ag-sol.htm in z-cut LiNbO3 substrates with about Applied Physics / Integrated Optics 83

Optical Frequency Domain Ranging using an Integrated Frequency Shifted Feedback Laser

Background mined by the spectral width of the intra- Contact-free distance measurements of cavity AO filter. high accuracy are an attractive application of lasers. Already several types of The emission properties instruments are commercially available A typical spectral linewidth of this integra- based on various competitive methods ted FSF laser emission is about 180 pm. Fig. 1: Schematic diagram of an acousto-optically tuneable frequency shifted feedback laser with for different applications. Under this spectral envelope (equivalent Ti:Er:LiNbO3 waveguide structure. Basic compo- Optical Frequency Domain Ranging width of 22.5 GHz) a comb of frequencies nents are labelled. (OFDR) is one of the methods with the is formed with components separated by potential of sub-µm resolution. The fre- the free spectral range (FSR) of the cavity, quency of a laser beam is shifted with here 711 MHz. Since the frequency shift time (frequency chirping) by external during each round trip is equal to twice modulation. The frequency of the light the SAW frequency, and since this shift reflected by the target is compared with takes place during the round trip time of the frequency of the reference laser out- 1.4 ns, the comb as a whole changes fre- put. Then this difference in frequency quency with the enormous chirp rate of 17 becomes an accurate measure of the dis- 2.4x10 Hz/sec. Very stable output Fig. 2: Schematic diagram of the Michelson inter- tance of the target. The higher the fre- power, highly linear and fast chirping fre- ferometer setup for optical frequency domain quency chirp rate and the broader the quency comb, and a relatively wide chir- ranging with the FSF laser. chirp range the better is the potential ping range make this laser nearly ideal for accuracy of the measurement. Therefore, OFDR. Frequency Shifted Feedback (FSF) lasers with an inherent fast and linear frequency Optical Frequency Domain Ranging chirp are attractive candidates to be used A conventional Michelson interferometer as sources for OFDR. An integrated optical setup (Fig. 2) can be used for OFDR. The version of such a laser with superior pro- photodiode measures the beat frequen- perties has been developed. cies of the frequency combs of the two superimposed beams from the reference Fig. 3: Instantaneous frequencies of the fre- The integrated FSF laser and the target arm of the interferometer quency combs of the two beams from the refe- The laser consists of Ti:Er:LiNbO3 optical (frequencies Ri from the reference mirror, rence (Ri) and the target (Ti) arms versus time. The different beat orders are indicated. waveguides with a resonator formed by Ti from the target mirror, see Fig. 3). Due vacuum-deposited dielectric mirrors on to the time delay between both beams both end faces (Fig. 1). An intracavity proportional to the optical path difference acousto-optic (AO) filter is used as wave- ∆z of both interferometer arms the resul- length selective and as well as frequency ting beat frequencies are proportional to shifting element. A surface acoustic wave ∆z. The power spectrum of the photo- (SAW) of a frequency of about 170 MHz diode current is measured with a RF spec- induces a polarization conversion and a trum analyzer. Multiple beat signals can frequency shift (by the frequency of the be observed (Fig. 4). The frequencies SAW) at a selected optical wavelength labelled with 0, ±1, ±2, ±3, …(“beat around 1550 nm. The selected wave is order”) change with a slope of 800 then routed by the polarization splitter kHz/mm. Depending on the integration into the pumped (amplifying) waveguide time an accuracy of ±40 (±2) kHz has Fig. 4: RF spectrum of the photodiode current corresponding to Fig. 3. Linewidth of the beat in the cavity. In Fig. 1 the waveguides for been achieved with a 1 ms (1 s) long signal is about 8 MHz. the TM-polarized pump (at λ = 1480 nm) measurement to determine the beat fre- are marked by a dashed line. The resul- quencies. These numbers correspond to ting guided path of the oscillating laser an accuracy of the optical path difference field is shown by a dotted line with the of ± 50 (±2.5) µm. As this accuracy is corresponding states of polarizations. The nearly independent of the length of the Contact: laser field undergoes two polarization target arm, the relative precision grows Dr. Selim Reza conversions during one round trip in the with increasing arm length. E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 58 70 cavity with two frequency shifts in the Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 58 86 same direction. As a result, the emission spectrum broadens; its width is deter- http://fb6www.upb.de/ag/ag-sol/ag-sol.htm 84 Workgroup

Philosophy Philosophyof Science of Science and Technology and Technology

The seven liberal arts from the Hortus deliciarum by the abbess Herrad von Landsberg (1170)

Reflection of Science and Technology Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus

Philosophical reflection on science and technology enlightens the foundations and conditions of scientific and technical action, it provides orientation on the methods and aims of these activities and supports its responsible use.

http://www.uni-paderborn.de/fakultaeten/kw/institute- einrichtungen/institut-fuer-humanwissenschaften/philosophie/ Philosophy of Science and Technology 85

In the wide field of reflection on science ated by Volker Peckhaus and Ruth Hagen- and technology, the team is above all gruber, supported by the Heinz Nixdorf devoted to the logical and cognitive con- Institute. This project is an important step ditions of knowledge and scientific in order to establish a comprehensive action. The recent history of logic is one research and educational programme focus of research aiming at a reconstruc- combining philosophy and computer sci- tion of the development and differentia- ence. The philosophical research con- tion of this basic discipline of philosophy, cerns the possibilities and capabilities of which lead to Mathematical Logic and basic ontologies, in order to offer a con- Proof Theory as mathematical subdisci- ceptual foundation of graphical user inter- plines and to Theoretical Computer Sci- faces. Furthermore, various problems of ence. This is seen in the context of a dia- knowledge representation and knowledge logue between philosophy and mathe- organisation, including their correlation matics. The discussion on logic among with questions of social ontology, are the mathematicians of the 19th and early analysed. Peckhaus, V.: Hilbertprogramm und Kritische Philosophie, 20th century can be regarded as an Another main focus lies in the field of Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1990 expression of attempts to overcome foun- philosophy of Cognitive Science. Here, dational problems having emerged in the question of how we gain knowledge mathematical practise. The mathemati- of other people’s minds is addressed cians could not expect much support in from a philosophical perspective as well these attempts by academic philosophers as from the perspective of cognitive neu- of that time. Founding mathematics with roscience. Research is aimed at a neu- the help of a revised logic served there- rophenomenological theory of the basis fore not really a philosophical interest, of social cognition and human self-con- but above all the pragmatic interest to sciousness. The main hypothesis is that allow the mathematician an unrestricted the development of individual human working in his very special field of compe- self-consciousness is dependent on the tence. In this framework the chair partici- dynamic interactions with other humans, pates in research on the biography of mediated by empathy. Ernst Zermelo (1871–1953), creator of In teaching, the specific philosophical axiomatized set theory, and in editing the way of asking questions and discussing works of Oskar Becker (1882–1962). solutions is conveyed. The topical focus is Important tool for this research is the in theoretical philosophy, especially phi- Peckhaus, V.: Logik, Mathesis universalis Database for the History of Logic, a bio- losophy of science, epistemology and the und allgemeine Wissenschaft, bibliographical archive with collection of philosophy of technology. Two new Berlin, Akademie Verlag, 1997 portraits being built up in Paderborn and courses in Practical Philosophy in teacher open for all researchers interested in the education have been established in history of logic. 2005. Since 2006 philosophy is inte- In 2006, the project Dynamic Ontology grated in the B.A. programme of the and Cooperative Semantics has been initi- Department of Cultural Sciences.

Peckhaus, V. (Hrsg.): Oskar Becker und die Philosophie der Mathematik, München, Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2005 86 Workgroup

Dynamic Ontology and Cooperative Semantics The Combination of Conceptual and Graphical Knowledge Representation: Possibilities and Limits

In the context of information technology duce distinctions and derivations that philosophy has an important heuristic allow combinations of these semantical function. Philosophy asks about the con- systems. ditions of scientific action, discusses Mereology (from the Greek: : foundational questions and clarifies the part; : theory) is a promising tool adequacy of models, e.g. in respect to which supports high modularity and inter- conceptual formation, the use of operability of documents by defining a metaphor and formalisation. common relational structure of their The research group Dynamic Ontology semantics. As a theory it investigates the and Cooperative Semantics investigates relations of part to whole and of part to foundational questions of information part within a whole. Its roots can be technologies in order to find new solu- traced back to Stanislaw Lesniewski tions and strategies for knowledge repre- (1916) who developed mereology as a Raimundus Lullus: figure from Ars magna (1305- 08). Lullus constructed a machine consisting of sentation and knowledge organisation. formal theory referring to works by seven rotating discs. Rotating the discs results in The group is directed by Prof. Dr. Volker Kasimierz Twardowski and Edmund various conceptual combinations. Peckhaus und Prof. Dr. Ruth Hagengruber. Husserl. Possible applications will be tested in cooperation with the Heinz Nixdorf Insti- tute workgroup Computers and Society (Prof. Dr. Reinhard Keil). The philosophical research concerns the possibilities and capabilities of basic ontologies. One crucial task is to offer a conceptual foundation of graphical user interfaces. Basic patterns of mereological relations In the traditional and philosophical sense “ontology” (from the Greek: Current research within this field and ) is the theory of what is/exists. examines possible combinations and In computer science, however, the termi- extensions of mereology with topology, nology is different: here, ontologies are including the application of mereological Prof. Dr. Volker Peckhaus and Prof. Dr. Ruth formal tools of classification. They are and mereotopological models in informa- Hagengruber have initiated the research project Dynamic Ontology and Cooperative Semantics. used to specify context-dependent knowl- tion technology, a challenging task with edge and the relationships among its ele- regard to distributed knowledge spaces. ments. Crucial points of cooperation and commu- In our project we use the term basic nication in distributed knowledge spaces ontology for emphasizing that such are problems of semantic positioning, the ontologies allow to explore different semi- space-dependent arrangement of knowl- otic systems. They guarantee compatibil- edge elements, their graphical structuring ity with different systems of semantics. and the visualization of semantic connec- They are “dynamical” because they pro- tions.

Contact: Mag. Andrea Reichenberger E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 24 24 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 37 44

http://www.uni-paderborn.de/fakultaeten/kw/ institute-einrichtungen/institut-fuer-human wissenschaften/philosophie/ Philosophy of Science and Technology 87

Self-Other Co-determination

When a mother smiles at her two month tices that correspond to the way activa- old child, the child will smile back. In the tions would occur if the observer would cinema, when Arnold Schwarzenegger is feel the same. falling from out of the window from the third level of a hotel, the audience will shrug and utter “Ouch, that hurts”. From the first days of our life, we are always surrounded by and engage in interactions with other humans. The question arises of how we know when somebody is happy, or is having pain? How can we explain that an infant, who never saw herself in a Brain activation in individuals who perceive other mirror, responds with a smile to the smile persons hand-movements. Rizzolatti, Fogassi & Gallese 2001. of its mother? More generally: How do we know about the emotions and intentions of other living beings? In 1903, Theodor Lipps introduced the notion of empathy into the systematic Brain activation in individuals who perceive other research on our knowledge of the mental persons in painful situations. Jean Decety 2003. life of others. According to Lipps, we know about the emotions and intentions of oth- The aim of the project is to develop a ers because we experience them in our- theory of how these internal representa- selves through empathy. Only recently, tions of intentions and emotions partici- empathy gained more attention in con- pate in the generation of conscious expe- sciousness studies. We now have a better rience. It will be argued that conscious- understanding of the underlying mecha- ness is best understood as a representa- nisms of our empathic abilities (cf. Sta- tional process by which information is menov et al. 2002; Adolphs 2003). The made globally available for further pro- results of studies on the perception of cessing, thus generating a phenomenal emotions and actions suggest that there model of the world, the organism itself, exist matching systems in the human and the relation of the two (cf. Metzinger, brain for emotional experience/percep- 2003). tion and action execution/observation. It Furthermore, we suggest to differenti- has become an empirically plausible ate between different types of conscious hypothesis that perceiving somebody (phenomenal and intentional) content else executing an action triggers activa- that co-vary with different levels of tion of our own motor representations empathic abilities, arguing that, in stan- and associated somatic responses. In dard configurations, social interaction is a turn, perception of emotions in others necessary condition for the development triggers responses in somatosensory cor- of human self-consciousness.

Contact: Marcello Ghin, M.A. E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 23 13 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 37 44

http://www.uni-paderborn.de/fakultaeten/kw/ institute-einrichtungen/institut-fuer-human wissenschaften/philosophie/ 88 Heinz Nixdorf Institute

Network and Systems Network and Systems Administration Administration

Transitions Dipl.-Inform. Markus Hohenhaus

The aim of the department for network and systems administration of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute is to organize the infrastructure according to the requirements of our users. The amount of UNIX based clients have steadily decreased over the last few years, while the amount of Microsoft Windows based clients equally increased. To adapt to this situation, we further expanded our Windows infrastructure by adding new services.

http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/rb Network and Systems Administration 89

Tasks of the department for network with the servers or clients. The exception vice to use the standardized LDAP and systems administration of course, is the failure of a major infra- (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) The central user management, the instal- structure component like the central fire- protocol for querying user information lation and maintenance of internet ser- wall or the main file server. from our user database based on vices like mail, web, file and print ser- On other side, heterogeneous infra- Microsoft Active Directory. Therefor it vices, the backup of user data and the structures make it necessary to maintain was necessary to completely change installation of workstations used by the two different operation systems with the structure of the existing Active staff and students, are the primary tasks partly completely different underlying Directory domain to fit to the new con- for the networking and administration philosophies. The challenge is, to make ditions. We also had to change the IP group. We also cooperate with adminis- them work together in an efficient and addresses from private to public trators of the working groups and the cen- transparent way by setting up standard- addresses, to enable the use of the tral IT division of the university, to deliver ized interfaces, enabling them to share Kerberos protocol for authentication. the best support to our staff members and access resources with and from each Kerberos has many advantages above and students for any problem they other. While in the meantime this could the standard authentication mecha- encounter using our infrastructure. be achieved with standard tools, it still is nisms. First, it is more secure because comparatively time-consuming. Neverthe- it doesn't transmit passwords over the Consolidation and modernization less, we always try to provide a transpar- network. Second, it uses reusable tick- The IT landscape changed dramatically ent access to all resources of the Heinz ets rather than passwords for authenti- during the last few years. While UNIX Nixdorf Institute regardless of the used cation, which makes it possible to clients were more commonly used at the clients. establish a single sign-on solution, universities in the past, this has com- To further undermine the strategy of where once acquired tickets could pletely changed in favor of Windows consolidating our infrastructure we then be used to get access to other clients over the last years. But although started in 2005, we merged all existing resources on the network. Third, it is currently almost ninety percent of all user databases into one single uniform possible to build a Kerberos server clients at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute are database based on Microsoft Active network with different Kerberos Windows clients, the services like file, Directory in second quarter of 2006. servers trusting each other. In our case print or web services are still based on Which means, that every service requiring we are trusting the Kerberos server of UNIX or Linux. This leads to a heteroge- the user to authenticate him- or herself the central IT division of the university. neous infrastructure with both advan- before he or she is granted access to this This enables our users to access any tages and disadvantages. On the one side resource, now uses one single secure resource throughout the university net- there is the separation of servers and information store. We also established a work even if the resource is outside clients in terms of the underlying opera- connection to the central user database our own network. tion system. Which means in regards of of the university, making it possible for us The result of these changes is a security, that a security problem like an to adopt the login and password for a very flexible, powerful and future-ori- infection with viruses, trojans or worms given to our central user database. ented infrastructure, which provides a on one side could not spread to the other Whereby our users are now able to use transparent access to every resource side. Leaving the not affected systems in one login and one password for accessing therein and simplifies user manage- an operational state. It would therefore be resources all over the university network. ment and the sharing of resources possible for our staff members to do their To make this possible, we had to between UNIX or Windows based work, even if there were major problems reconfigure every client, server and ser- clients. 90 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2005 Additional Activities 91

Additional Activities Additional Activities

Publications

PhD Theses

Fairs/Conferences/Seminars

Patents

Prizes/Awards

Additional Functions

Spin-Offs

Current Research Projects

Current Industry Co-operations

Scientific Co-operations 92 Workgroups

Workgroup Business Computing, especially CIM Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier

ronment to Create and Parametrize Material Flow 20th annual European Simulation and Modelling Publications Models in d³FACT insight. In: Proceedings of the Conference, 2006 Dangelmaier, W.; Laroque, Chr., Döring, A.: Immer- 13th European Concurrent Engineering Conference, sive Ablaufsimulation in gemischt funktions- und S. 132-137, 2006 EUROSIS Dangelmaier, W.; Huber, D.; Laroque, Chr.; Aufe- objektorientierten Produktionsnetzen, 2006, in: nanger, M.; Fischer, M.; Krokowski, J.; Kortenjan, M.: Dangelmaier, W.; Döring, A.; Laroque, Chr. (Hrsg.): Dangelmaier, W.; Franke, Werner; Mueck, Bengt; d³FACT insight goes parallel – Aggregation of multi- Die Supply-Chain von Morgen – Lieferfähigkeit im Mahajan, Kiran: Augmented Reality Applications in ple simulations. In: Simulation and Visualization globalen Unternehmen. 2006, ALB-HNI-Verlagss- Warehouse Logistics. In: In proceedings of the 7th 2006 (SimViS), S. 79-88, 2006, SCS European Pub- chriftenreihe 14. International Conference on Production Engineering lishing House and Logistics, Aim-Shams University, Cairo, Feb 8, Wall, A.; Dangelmaier, W.; Laroque, Chr.; Eichel- 2006. , 2006 Dangelmaier, W.; Heidenreich, J.; Klöpper, B.; mann, F.: Visualisierung eines Simulationsmodells Döring, A.; Timm, Th.: Collaborative Event Network- bei arvato logistics services mit d³FACT insight, Dangelmaier, W.; Laroque, Chr.: Ablaufsimulation ing (CEN) – Automatisierte Absicherung der opera- 2006, in: Dangelmaier, W.; Döring, A.; Laroque, Chr. von Supply-Chain Netzwerken – Dynamische Detail- tiven Materialflussplanung in Supply Networks der (Hrsg.): Die Supply-Chain von Morgen – Liefer- lierung in d³FACT insight. In: Grafe, Michael; Gause- Automobilindustrie. In: 12. Magdeburger Logistikta- fähigkeit im globalen Untenrehmen. 2006, ALB-HNI- meier, Jürgen (Hrsg.) Augmented & Virual Reality in gung: Sicherung von Prozessketten, S. 182-193, Verlagsschriftenreihe 14. der Produktenstehung, 2006, HNI Verlagsschriften- 2006 reihe, Paderborn Rammig, F.; Dangelmaier, W.; Karl, H.; Mertsching, B.; Meyer auf der Heide, F.; Trächtler, A.: Self-Coordi- Dangelmaier, W.; Mahajan, K.; Seeger, T.; Klöpper, Fairs/Conferences/Seminars nating Systems: The next challenge in Research on B.; Aufenanger, M.: Simulation Assisted Optimiza- 8th „Paderborner Frühjahrstagung“: Tomorrow’s Distributed Systems. In: Meyer auf der Heide, F.; tion and Real-Time Control Aspects of Flexible Pro- supply chain – the ability to deliver in a global busi- Monien, B. (Eds.): New Trends in Parallel and Dis- duction Systems Subject to Disturbances. In: In: Per- ness tributed Computer, 6th International Heinz Nixdorf rone, L.F., Wieland, F.P., Liu, J., Lawson, B.G., Nicol, Symposium, January 17-18, 2006. Heinz Nixdorf D.M., Fujimoto, R.M., (Hrsg): Winter Simulation Con- On March 29th, the 8th „Paderborner Frühjahrsta- MuseumsForum. S. 248-259. HNI-Verlagsschriften- ference (WSC´06), ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 4- gung“ took place at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute of reihe 181. Paderborn: Heinz Nixdorf Institut 2006. 7 Dec 2006. (ACCEPTED), 2006 the University of Paderborn. This year’s focus was the critical discussion of innovative concepts and Dangelmaier, W.: Terminplanung mit Vorwärts- und Dangelmaier, W.; Laroque, Chr.; Huber, D.: Real- methods in order to adapt and simplify the coordi- Rückwärtsterminierung. In: Koether, R. (Hrsg.): isierung eines Verfahrens zur dynamischen Detail- nation processes during the planning and control of Taschenbuch der Logistik. 2. Auflage. Minden: lierung von Simulationsmodellen im Materi- supply chains in the automotive industry and their Fachbuchverlag Leipzig im Carl Hanser Verlag 2006. alflusssimulator d³FACT insight. In: Simulation und suppliers. Experts from research as well as practice Visualisierung (SimVis), 2006, SCS European Pub- presented the identified potentials of new ways Dangelmaier, W.; Emmrich, A.; Gajewski, T.: Ref- lishing House from the traditional supply chain into a „virtual com- erenzmodell zur Serviceproduktgestaltung in der pany” in 4 parallel sessions. As invited speakers, Automobilzulieferindustrie. In: Barkawi, K.; Baader, Laroque, Chr.; Dangelmaier, W.; Aufenanger, M.: Ernst Kastenholz, Manager of the strategic supply A.; Montanus, S. (Hrsg.): Erfolgreich mit After Sales Improved ramp-up-control by online-adjustment of chain management of Zollner Elektronik AG, and Services. Geschäftsstrategien für Servicemanage- simulation models with the material flow simulator Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. mult. H.P. Wiendahl could be ment und Ersatzteillogistik. S. 153-178. Berlin: d³FACT insight. In: Proceedings of the 2006 Summer won. They talked about strategies for a horizontal Springer 2006. Computer Simulation Conference, S. 177-181, 2006 and vertical workflow optimization and the global SCS supply chain management as a main challenge for Dangelmaier, W.; Pape, U.; Rüther, M.: Effektive cooperative engineering. Gestaltung unternehmensübergreifender Prozesse: Dangelmaier, W.; Klöpper, B.; Döring, A.: A New Ein dezentrales Planungs- und Steuerungssystem Agent Model For Efficient Execution Of Large Agent More than 150 participants took the opportunity to für die Supply Chain. In: Wojda, F.; Barth, A. (Hrsg.): Based Planning Systems . International Journal of inform themselves about theory and best-practices Innovative Kooperationsnetzwerke. S. 313-326. Information Technology and Intelligent Computing, round about the conference’s topic. Experts, e.g. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag 2006. 1(2): S. 379-391, 2006 from Daimler Chrysler AG, BMW AG, Schüco KG, Unity AG und PSI Logistics GmbH focused on trends Heidenreich, J.: Adaptierbare Änderungsplanung der Dangelmaier, W.; Klöpper, B.; Wienstroer, J.; Timm, and developments in the area of process optimiza- Mengen und Kapazitäten in Produktionsnetzwerken Th.: The Shortest Path Problem in Uncertain tion and the digital factory. Moreover, topics in the der Serienfertigung. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Band Domains – an Agentbased Approach with Bayesian area of „intelligent methods for the supply chain 182. Hrsg. von W. Dangelmaier. Paderborn: Heinz Networks. In: Abraham, Ajith; Chen, Yuehui (Hrsg.) management” and „global collaboration in the sup- Nixdorf Institut 2006. Sixth International Conference Intelligent Systems ply chain” were presented by speakers from the Uni- Design and Applications, Band 2, S. 943-948, Jinan, versity of Stuttgart, Accenture GmbH, the University Pape, U.: Agentenbasierte Umsetzung eines SCM- Shandong, China, 2006, IEEE Computer Society of Hamburg and Siemens Business Services GmbH Konzeptes zum Liefermanagement in Liefer- Press & Co OHG. netzwerken der Serienfertigung. HNI-Verlagss- chriftenreihe Band 183. Hrsg. von W. Dangelmaier. Dangelmaier, W.; Klöpper, B.; Wienstroer, J.; Döring, Paderborn: Heinz Nixdorf Institut 2006. Andre: Risk Averse Shortest Path Planning in Uncer- Prizes/Awards tain Domains. In: International Conference on Intelli- Best Paper Award: conference „Simulation & Visual- Kriesel, C.: Szenarioorientierte Unternehmensstruk- gent Agents, Web Technologies (accepted), 2006, isierung“, Magdeburg, Germany turoptimierung – Strategische Standort- und Pro- IEEE Computer Society Press duktionsplanung. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 185. Hrsg. von W. Dangelmaier. Paderborn: Heinz Dangelmaier, W.; Rust, T.; Döring, A.; Klöpper, B.: A Additional Functions Nixdorf Institut 2006. reinforcement learning approach for learning coordi- Management of the Fraunhofer-Anwendungszen- nation rules in Production Networks. In: Interna- trums für Logistikorientierte Betriebswirtschaft Dangelmaier, W.; Döring, A.; Laroque, Chr. (Hrsg.): tional Conference on Intelligent Agents, Web Tech- (ALB) Die Supply Chain von morgen – Lieferfähigkeit im nologies (accepted), 2006, IEEE Computer Society Member of the research advisory board of the BVL globalen Unternehmen. ALB-HNI-Verlagsschriften- Press Member of the senate of the DFG reihe Band 14. Paderborn: Fraunhofer Anwen- Member of advisory committee of Cartec Lippstadt dungszentrum Logistikorientierte Betriebswirtschaft Dangelmaier, W.; Aufenanger, M.; Mahajan, K.; Member of advisory committee of Paderborner 2006. Laroque, Chr.; Huber, D.: Event simulation of supply Center for Parallel Computing (PC²) chain networks – Dynamic detailing in the material Head of Competence Center PPS-SCM-Systeme, Dangelmaier, W.; Aufenanger, M.; Laroque, Chr.; flow simulator d³FACT insight. In: Proceedings of the EAI-Systeme, Elektronische Marktplätze sowie Huber, D.; Mahajan, K.: A Multi-User Modeling Envi- CAS-CRm-Systeme der NetSkill AG Additional Activities 93

lung virtueller, geometrischer 3D-Szenen“ (com- Continental Teves AG & Co OHG: Current Research Projects puter-aided analysis of material-flow-simulations in Expansion of production planning and – monitoring EU: „ACDC – Advanced Chassis Development for virtual environments) with OOPUS-DPS for all European sites 5-Day-Car” Development of a tool fort he classification of the Project „Rechnerunterstützte Konstruktion von Sys- supplier BMBF: CoagenS – Adaptive production networks in temen zur Lenkung der Fertigung” (computer-aided series manufacturing construction fort he monitoring of the manufactur- Daimler Chrysler AG: CoagenS is meant to support production planning ing): Development of a toolset fort he evaluation of sup- and controlling in production networks via multi- Goal of this project is a component library for the pliers agent-systems to provide significantly improved configuration of a monitoring system based on the results compared to PPS- and SCM-systems model-based description of a production system Degussa AG: employed today. CoagenS unifies industrial enter- DSS: Design and development of a Decision Sup- prises as users, software-houses as product devel- Graduiertenkolleg „Parallele Rechnernetzwerke in port System for optimisation und simulation of opers and the HNI as their universitary partners. der Produktionstechnik” transport chains FIST: Design, development and introduction of a DFG: NRW-Graduate-School „Graduate School of Dynamic freight-charge-information-system Development of a SFB 376 „Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms Intelligent Systems“ location-information-system for storehouses and – Design Methods - Applications”, project C2: „real- distributors time, hierachical planing and control of networked Interdisciplinary cooperation project: Neue Bahn- production systems ” technik Paderborn NBP Knorr Bremse AG: Goal of the research are online-planning and -con- Here the project group develops among other things Intention of the cooperation is the enhancement of trol systems for production and logistics, which are an agent-based, absolutely distributed operational Knorr’s AG’s delivery reliability to 95% qualitative equal to offline-systems because of their concept for an objective-adjusted traffic. Reduction of delivery time of Knorr Bremse Berlin parallel approach. Product-oriented reduction of version diversity and process optimization SFB 614: „Self-Optimizing Concept and Structure in Current Industry Co-operations mechanical engineering“ Alba Moda GmbH: Siemens Dematic: project A2: „Behavior-orientated Self-Optimization“ Optimization of the forecast systematics Method development for improving software engi- Goal ist he formulation of a behavior-orientated self- neering for warehouse-management-systems optimzation. It dynamically adjusts the behavior of arvato logistics services: a mechatronic system to its environment, without Simulation of a distribution center Volkswagen AG: the use of explicit models Design and implementation of 3D-animations Development of an ontegrated scheduling software fort he motor prduction of the plants Chemnitz & Project „Interdisziplinäre Forschungsarbeiten in den BMW Werk Leipzig: Salzgitter Gebieten Modellierung und Simulation sowie Daten- Evaluation of a material flow simulator within the strukturen und Algorithmen, Aktive Benutzerunter- „Digitale Fabrik Werk Leipzig“ of the BMW Group, stützung zur Analyse von Materialflusssimulationen Plant Leipzig Scientific Co-operations in virtuellen Umgebungen, Datenstrukturen, Render- Helwan University Cairo, Egypt ing- und Approximationsalgorithmen zur Darstel- Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Osman 94 Workgroups

Workgroup Computer Integrated Manufacturing Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Steffen, D.: Specifiying the Maschinenbau, Universität Paderborn, HNI-Ver- Publications Principle Solution of Tomorrows Mechanical Enge- lagsschriftenreihe, Band 192, 2006 Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Schmidt, A.; Steffen, D.: neering Products. Proceedings of the Design 2006, Toward a Design Methodology for Self-Optimizing 9th International Design Conference. Dubrovnik, Shen, Q.: Method for Composing Virtual Prototypes Systems. In: ElMaraghy, H.; ElMaraghy, W. (Eds.): Croatia, 15 -18 May, 2006 of Mechatronic Systems in Virtual Environments. Advances in Design. Springer-Verlag, London, 2006 Dissertation, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Universität Gausemeier, J.; Steffen, D.; Michels, J. S.: Integrative Paderborn, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 193, Gausemeier, J.; Ebbesmeyer, P.; Eckes, R.: Virtual specification of product concepts and production 2006 Production - Computer Model-Based Planning and system concepts shown on the example of a wire- Analyzing of Manufacturing Systems. In: less sensor-actuator interface. Proceedings of 7th Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Kaiser, I.; Pook, S.: Design Dachtchenko, O. (Ed.): Reconfigurable Manufactu- International workshop on Research and Education of a Spatial Electronic Circuit Carrier by the Example ring Systems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2006 in Mechatronics REM 2006, Stockholm, Sweden, of a Miniature Robot. Proceedings of IMEC2006, June 15-16, 2006 2006 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Steffen, D.: Intelligent Sys- Congress and Exposition. Chicago, Illinois, USA, tems, Self-optimizing Concepts and Structures. In: Wortmann, R.: Methodische Entwicklung von November 5-10, 2006 Dachtchenko, O. (Ed.): Reconfigurable Manufactu- Echtzeit 3D-Anwendungen für Schulung und Präsen- ring Systems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2006 tation. Dissertation, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Kaiser, I.; Pook, S.: Universität Paderborn, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Entwurf räumlicher elektronischer Schaltungsträger Gausemeier, J.; Stollt, G.; Wenzelmann, C.: Future Band 187, 2006 am Beispiel eines Miniaturroboters. Tagungsband Scenarios, describing consistent networks of influ- ifm Internationales Forum Mechatronik. Linz, Öster- ences from markets, technologies and business Shen, Q.; Grafe, M.: To support multidisciplinary reich, 16. - 17. November 2006 environment with a time horizon of 2020. In: communication in VR-based virtual prototyping of Dachtchenko, O. (Ed.): Reconfigurable Manufactu- mechatronic systems. In: Journal of Advanced Engi- Gausemeier, J.; Shen, Q.; Grafe, M.: To enhance ring Systems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2006 neering Informatics. ELSEVIER Press, 2006 cooperative Development of innovative Mechatronic Systems by VR Technologies. In: Special Issue of Gausemeier, J.; Rammig, F.; Schäfer, W.: Selbstopti- Lietsch, S.; Zabel, H.; Eikermann, M.; Wittenberg, V.; International Journal of Concurrent Engineering: mierung im Maschinenbau - Auf dem Weg zu den Berssenbrügge, J.: Light Simulation in a Distributed Research and Applications, 2006 Maschinen von übermorgen. ForschungsForum Uni- Driving Simulator. 2nd International Symposium on versität Paderborn, 9-2006 Visual Computing (ISVC) 2006. In: Advances in Gausemeier, J.; Berssenbrügge, J.; Grafe, M.: Virtual Visual Computing. Band 4291/2006, Springer Ver- Prototyping Plattform für die Erprobung von mecha- Gausemeier, J.; Stollt, G.: Eine Systematik zur lag, Heidelberg, 2006 tronischen Fahrzeugkomponenten. In: Schenk, M. Gestaltung der Produktion von morgen. ZwF Jahrg. (Hrsg.): Virtual Reality und Augmented Reality zum 101 (2006)1-2 Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M. (Hrsg.): Augmented & Vir- Planen, Testen und Betreiben technischer Systeme. tual Reality in der Produktentstehung. 5. Pader- 9. IFF-Wissenschaftstage, Magdeburg, 21. - 22. Juni Gausemeier, J.; Stollt, G.; Wenzelmann, C.: borner Workshop, 31. Mai - 1. Juni 2006, HNI-Ver- 2006 Szenariogestützte Technologieplanung. ZwF Jahrg. lagsschriftenreihe, Band 188, Paderborn, 2006 101(2006) 6 Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M.; Shen, Q.: VR & AR Tech- Gausemeier, J.; Bauch, J.; Grafe, M.: Zukünftige nologies in German Industry - State of the Art and Gausemeier, J.: Innovationsmanagement in der Entwicklung der Technologien Virtual Reality and Trends (in Chinese). In Manufacture Information Praxis. In: Siftung Brandenburger Tor der Bankge- Augmented Reality. In: Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M. Engineering of China, August 2006 sellschaft Berlin (Hrsg.): Wachstum durch technolo- (Hrsg.): Augmented & Virtual Reality in der Produkt- gische Innovationen. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, entstehung. 5. Paderborner Workshop, 31. Mai - 1. Berssenbrügge, J.; Bauch, J.; Gausemeier, J.: A Vir- Stuttgart, 2006 Juni 2006, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 188, tual Reality-based Night Drive Simulator for the Eval- Paderborn, 2006 uation of a Predictive Advanced Front Lighting Sys- Gausemeier, J.; Rammig, F. J.; Schäfer, W.; Trächtler, tem. In: Proceedings of ASME International Design A.; Wallaschek, J. (Hrsg.): Entwurf mechatronischer Gausemeier, J.; Bauch, J.; Berssenbrügge, J.: Evalua- Engineering Technical Conference & Computers and Systeme. 4. Paderborner Workshop Entwurf mecha- tion von vorausschauendem dynamischen Kurven- Information in Engineering Conference, Philadel- tronischer Systeme, 30. - 31. März 2006, HNI-Ver- licht mit Hilfe eines Virtual Reality-basierten Nacht- phia, USA, 10.-13. September 2006 lagsschriftenreihe, Band 189, Paderborn, 2006 fahrsimulators. In: Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M. (Hrsg.): Augmented & Virtual Reality in der Produktent- Shen, Q; Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M.: Virtual prototyp- Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.: Stand und Perspektiven stehung. 5. Paderborner Workshop, 31. Mai - 1. Juni ing: to compose mechatronic systems in VR environ- der Entwicklung mechatronischer Systeme. In: 2006, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 188, Pader- ment by means of ports and joints. In: WSEAS Jour- Gausemeier, J.; Rammig, F.; Schäfer, W.; Trächtler, born, 2006 nal on Computers, 2006 A.; Wallaschek, J. (Hrsg.): Entwurf mechatronischer Systeme. 4. Paderborner Workshop Entwurf mecha- Shen, Q.; Grafe, M.; Bauch, J.; Radkowski, R.: A Redenius, A.: Verfahren zur Planung von Entwick- tronischer Systeme, 30. und 31. März 2006, HNI- Method for interactively Composing Mechatronic lungsprozessen für fortgeschrittene mechatronische Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 189, Paderborn, 2006 Prototypes in Virtual Environment. In: International Systeme. Dissertation, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Journal of Product Development, 2006 Universität Paderborn, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Kaiser, I.; Gausemeier, J.; Kaulmann, T.; Wittkowski, Band 194, 2006 U.: Integrative Entwicklung räumlicher Gausemeier, J.; Chang, H.; Wenzelmann, C.: Indica- spritzgegossener Schaltungsträger am Beispiel tor-based Technology Management. In: 15th Inter- Shen, Q.; Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M.; Bauch, J.: Using eines Miniroboters. In: Gausemeier, J.; Rammig, F.; national Conference on Management of Technology ports and Joints to compose virtual prototypes of Schäfer, W.; Trächtler, A.; Wallaschek, J. (Hrsg.): (IAMOT 2006). Peking, China, May 22-28, 2006 mechatronic systems in VR environment. In: Pro- Entwurf mechatronischer Systeme. 4. Paderborner ceedings of The 8th WSWAS International confer- Workshop Entwurf mechatronischer Systeme, 30. Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M.; Shen, Q.; Bauch, J.: Vir- ence on automatic control, modelling and simula- und 31. März 2006, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band tual Realtiy and Augmented Reality in Indsutrial tion. Prag, Tschechische Republik, 2006 189, Paderborn, 2006 Applications - State of the Art and Trends. Proceed- ings of the 1st Sino-German Workshop „Virtual Michels, J. S.: Integrative Spezifikation von Produkt- Binger, V.: Konzeption eines wissensbasierten Reality & Augmented Reality in Industry“,12-13 und Produktionssystemkonzeptionen. Dissertation, Instruments für die strategische Vorausschau im October 2006, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Universität Paderborn, Kontext der Szenariotechnik. Dissertation, Fakultät Shanghai, 2006 HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 196, 2006 für Maschinenbau, Universität Paderborn, HNI-Ver- lagsschriftenreihe, Band 184, 2006 Radkowski, R.: Anwendung evolutionärer Algorith- Gausemeier, J.; Shen, Q.; Grafe, M.: A VR-based Col- men zur Unterstützung des Entwurfs selbstopti- laborative Virtual Protoyping Environment for Com- mierender Systeme. Dissertation, Fakultät für posing Mechatronic Systems. In: Proceedings of Additional Activities 95

PACE 2006 (Partners for the Advancement of Colla- mechatronic systems remain very abstract and do Dr.-Ing. Andreas Schmidt borative Engineering Education). Darmstadt, not describe concrete activities for the specific Function Patterns for Self-Optimizing – Construc- November 2006 phases of development. This work attends to that tions for the Development of Self-Optimizing Sys- complex of problems. With the aid of a systematic tems Gausemeier, J.; Hahn, A.; Kespohl, H.-D.; Seifert, L.: the developer will be supported in planning and In this work function patterns for self-optimization Vernetzte Produktentwicklung. Der erfolgreiche Weg executing processes of product development. In are established, with which self-optimization can be zum Global Engineering Networking. Carl Hanser contrast to the established development methods substantiated by partial models of the principle Verlag, München, 2006 the support is carried out on a detailed level. solution. Thereto first of all a specification schema Thereto it resorts to existing development for function patterns for self-optimization is defined Gausemeier, J.; Peitz, T.: MID-Studie 2006 - MID- processes, which are chosen and adjusted accor- and a knowledge model is introduced, which forms Marktvolumen Duetschland, Analyse von MID-Pro- dant to the system that has to be developed. The the basis for the representation of system and envi- jekten. Eine Studie im Auftrag der Forschungsver- choice is supported by an expert system. ronment states as well as the continuously self-opti- einigung 3-D MID e.V.. Paderborn, 2006 mization of system behavior. Based on that, a line Dr.-Ing. Jan Stefan Michels of basis function patterns of self-optimization is Gausemeier, J.; Feldmann, K.: Integrative Entwick- Integrative Specification of the Solution Conception defined. Furthermore a knowledge management lung räumlicher elektronischer Baugruppen. Carl of Product and Production System system is developed which features a higher pro- Hanser Verlag, München, 2006 The technique presented in this work allows the ductivity in the composition process and validates integrative specification of the solution conception the application of function patterns for self-opti- Gausemeier, J.; Peitz, T.; Wenzelmann, C.: Know- of a mechanical-electronic assembly and the appro- mization on the case study of forming convoys. ledge on Technology is mandatory for successful priate production system. It also represents the Innovation - A new Prodedure for Strategic Techno- complex interactions that exist between the assem- Dr.-Ing. Daniel Steffen logy Planning. In: Feldmann, K.; Heyer, J.; Kunze, A.; bly and the production system. The specification A Method for Product Structuring of Sophisticated Römer, M. (Hrsg.): MID 2006 - 7th International Con- contains the views Requirements, Functions, Func- Mechatronic Systems gress Molded Interconnect Devices. September 27- tion-Structure, Process-Sequence, State-Sequence, The increasing complexity of mechatronic systems 28, 2006, Fuerth, 3-D MID e.V., 2006 Production-Structure, Design, Behavior, Solution- demands a product structure that composes man- Pattern, Materials and Manufacturing Technologies. ageable and simultaneously developable modules. Krause, F.-L.; Franke, H.-J.; Gausemeier, J. (Hrsg.): It brings the specific points of view together to a Thereby the increasing importance of information Innovationspotenziale in der Produktentwicklung. wholistic presentation. Therewith the achieved processing and areal as well as product strategical Carl Hanser Verlag, München, 2006 specification provides the platform for communica- dependencies has to be considered. The method tion and cooperation of the involved engineers du- presented within the dissertation defines composi- Gausemeier, J. (Hrsg.): Vorausschau und Technolo- ring the conception and is the initial point for tion rules for product structuring and methods for gieplanung. 2. Symposium für Vorausschau und domain specific elaboration. its practical appliance. For different tasks it is pre- Technologieplanung Heinz Nixdorf Institut, 9. - 10. sented, how composition rules can be integrated to November 2006, Schloß Neuhardenberg, HNI-Ver- Dr.-Ing. Rafael Radkowski the composition process. An evaluation is carried lagsschriftenreihe, Band 198, Paderborn, 2006 Appliance of Evolutionary Algorithms for Support- out on three practical examples. ing the Design of Self-Optimizing Systems Chang, H.; Brüseke, U.: Einsatz bibliometrischer The dissertation presents a new method with which Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Fründ Analysen in der strategischen Frühaufklärung. In: a principle solution of a technical system can be An Architectural Conception for a Scalable Mobile Gausemeier, J. (Hrsg.): Vorausschau und Technolo- composed. An evolutionary algorithm that con- Augmented Reality Appliance for Product Presenta- gieplanung. 2. Symposium für Vorausschau und structs a principle solution of a technical system is tion Technologieplanung Heinz Nixdorf Institut, 9. - 10. used. Basis for the principle solution are system In this work a software architecture is conceived, November 2005, Schloß Neuhardenberg, HNI-Ver- elements from different domains. The evolutionary which allows to apply the technology augmented lagsschriftenreihe, Band 198, Paderborn, 2006 algorithm automatically combines these to a consis- reality to different mobile end devices to slot in tent solution. The functionality and consistence is product information into the field of view of the Ihmels, S.; Vienenkötter, V.: Planung der Produkte automatically determined by the analysis of the par- user. In this way the technology augmented reality von morgen mit der Technologie-Datenbank des tial models Behavior, Function, Function-Structure supports the user in all phases of the product life Heinz Nixdorf Instituts. In: Gausemeier, J. (Hrsg.): and Design. cycle. The software architecture presented within Vorausschau und Technologieplanung. 2. Sympo- the work is a client/server architecture. It uses a sium für Vorausschau und Technologieplanung Dr.-Ing. Qing Shen model based marker-less tracking method and Heinz Nixdorf Institut, 9. - 10. November 2005, A Method for Composing Virtual Prototypes of therefore especially fulfils aesthetic requirements Schloß Neuhardenberg, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Mechatronic Systems in Virtual Environments on a product presentation in the fields of marketing, Band 198, Paderborn, 2006 The work describes a method for composing virtual distribution and customer support. prototypes of mechatronic systems in virtual envi- Gausemeier, J.; Wenzelmann, C.; Stoll, K.: Syste- ronments. The ambition is to support the engineer matik der strategischen Planung und Konzipierung in developing complex mechatronic systems. The Fairs/Conferences/Seminars mechatronischer Systeme. In: Gausemeier, J. developed method uses solution elements that 8th „Karlsruher Arbeitsgespräche Produktions- (Hrsg.): Vorausschau und Technologieplanung. 2. encapsulate expert knowledge and make it avail- forschung 2006” Symposium für Vorausschau und Technologiepla- able for new composition tasks. Modeling virtual At this congress, which is organised every two years nung Heinz Nixdorf Institut, 9. - 10. November 2005, prototypes happens on the basis of partial models by the BMBF latest expertise and research results of Schloß Neuhardenberg, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, of the principle solution and especially uses the the framework „Forschung für die Produktion von Band 198, Paderborn, 2006 function structure with the definition of flow con- morgen” was presented. About 550 exponents of nections between the different subsystems. research and industry caught up on new procedures Berssenbrügge, J.; Bauch, J.; Gausemeier, J.: A Night and concepts by presentations. The workgroup was Drive Simulation for the Evaluation of a Predictive Dr.-Ing. Raimund Eckes represented in the context of the research project Advanced Front Lighting System. In: Proceedings of Augmented Reality Based Method for Supporting TransMechatronic at an exposed location and pre- IEEE ICICT 2006, ITI 4th International Conference on the Starting Process of Automated Manufacturing sented the internet portal www.TransMechatronic.de Information & Communications Technology, Kairo, Systems. for the first time. Ägypten, 10.-12. Dezember 2006 In this work an Augmented Reality based method is March 14 to 15, 2006, Congress centre Karlsruhe developed, with which the interdisciplinary starting process of automated manufacturing systems is 4th Paderborn Workshop „Design of Mechatronic PhD Theses supported. It reaches from developing new hard- Systems“ Dr.-Ing. Alexander Redenius ware, the control element and the specification of Workshop for specialists and executives from indus- Method for Planning Development Processes for control software, over validation of the software by try and research institutes, who work decisively on Sophisticated Mechatronic Systems virtual implementing up to incremental launching of research and development in sphere of future The currently existing approaches for developing the constructed parts of the manufacturing system. mechanical engineering systems. A forum for dis- 96 Workgroups

cussion and the exchange of experience is offered. TransMechatronic. They presented a range of their pany management. ScMI AG supports companies The topics are new developments in sensor and current research projects and recent calls within the and organisations in aligning to market and environ- actuators technology, methods and software-tools BMBF framework „Forschung für die Produktion von ment changes, developing visionary strategies as for design, application of Augmented Reality and morgen” as well as the internet portal www.Trans- well as in the design and implementation of strate- Virtual Reality, capability of adaption and self-opti- Mechatronic.de. The exhibit met the interest of a gic management, innovations and forecast misation as well as the support of interdisciplinary large number of visitors. processes. cooperation. November 28 to30, 2006, Nürnberg http://www.scmi.de March 30 to 31, 2006, Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsFo- rum, Paderborn myview systems GmbH Additional Functions myview systems GmbH, a former spin-off of UNITY Hannover Trade Fair 2006 Member of the Board and General Manager of the AG, specializes in effective product information The workgroup was represented on the Hannover scientific society „Berliner Kreis – Wissenschaft- management in e-business. The myview product Trade Fair in the context of TransMechatronic within liches Forum für Produktentwicklung e.V.” family offers cross-media publishing for complex the booth of OWL-Maschinenbau e.V. They pre- Chairman of the Supervisory Board of UNITY AG - products and online information systems for project sented a range of their current research projects and internationally operating consultancy for strate- engineering and is a mature development platform recent calls within the BMBF framework „Forschung gies, processes, technologies and systems for information management on the internet. für die Produktion von morgen” as well as the inter- Member of the Supervisory Board of Sterling SIHI http://www.myview.de net portal www.TransMechatronic.de. The exhibit GmbH met the interest of a large number of visitors. Member of acatech - Council for Engineering Sci- April 24 to 28, 2006, Hannover ences at the Union of the German Academies of Current Research Projects Science and Humanities SFB 614: Self-Optimizing Concept and Structure in Automatica 2006 Dean of the Faculty for Mechanical Engineering at Mechanical Engineering. At AUTOMATICA 2006 814 exhibitors from 37 coun- the University of Paderborn The aim is to explore the basic principles and poten- tries presented a wide range of innovative products tial of self-optimization, to verify the results using a and solutions in the fields of assembly and hand- demonstrator and to support development using a ling technology, robotics and machine vision. The Spin-Offs comprehensive development methodology. The workgroup was represented on the Automatica in UNITY AG workgroup plays a leading role in the following sub- the context of TransMechatronic within the „Mecha- UNITY AG is a technology-oriented consultancy for projects (SP): SP A2: Behaviour-based self-optimiza- tronische Spielwiese“. They presented a range of strategies, processes, technologies and systems. tion; SP B2: Design methodology; SP B3: Virtual their current research projects and recent calls The main focuses of the consulting services are: prototyping; SP K: Coordination. within the BMBF framework „Forschung für die Pro- support the customers from an innovative product Sponsoring institute: DFG duktion von morgen” as well as the internet portal idea until success in market, assure a high produc- www.TransMechatronic.de. The exhibit met the tivity in goods and services and to design the Rail Cab interest of a large number of visitors. processes of change by technical and managerial New rail technology for Paderborn. The aim of the May 16 to 19, 2006, Munich expertise as well as business-like process- and IT- project is to develop a new type of rail system that management. The customers of UNITY AG can be would unite modern travel way technology with the 5th Paderborn Workshop on Augmented & Virtual found in all areas of manufacturing industry (auto- advantages of the Transrapid and the use of existing Reality in Product Development motive engineering, mechanical engineering, plant rail lines. The activities focus on: development and Forum for developers and users from research insti- engineering, aerospace industry, electrical industry, visualization of vehicle and railroad depot concepts. tutes and industry for exchanging and discussing furniture industry) but also in energy industry, phar- Sponsoring institutions: State of North Rhine-West- current results in relation to basic principles and maceutical industry and in food industry as well as phalia / University of Paderborn applications of VR/AR technology. in health care market and services sector. In the fis- May 31 to June 1, 2006, Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsFo- cal year 2005/2006 the company with its 118 WZM20XX – Initiative for the machine-tool of tomor- rum, Paderborn employees realized a sales volume of 13.55 million row – Strategy, Transfer, Effect-Analysis Euro. Locations are situated in Paderborn, Stuttgart, The aim of the concomitant plan to announce 1. Sino-German Workshop „Virtual Reality & Aug- Hamburg and Munich as well as in Zurich and Cairo. Werkzeugmaschine 2010 of the federal ministry of mented Reality in Industry“ http://www.unity.de research and development (BMBF) is the formula- The goal of the workshop, which was organized by tion of a scenario-based instrument for strategy the „Joint Competence Center Virtual & Augmented FASTEC GmbH development as sustainable base for the strategi- Reality” of Heinz Nixdorf Institut and Shanghai Jiao FASTEC GmbH, founded in 1995, focuses on mate- cally design of company strategies of small and Tong University, was to give chinese enterprises an rial handling automation, especially on conveyor medium machine tool developer and their medium- understanding of the potential benefits of the tech- controls, manufacturing execution systems and sized clients. The project is being accomplished in nologies Virtual and Augmented Reality. integration services for assembly automation. Con- cooperation with the Fraunhofer-Institute for system October 12 to 13, 2006, Shanghai Museum of Sci- trol solutions realized by FASTEC are based on engi- development and innovation research (ISI). ence and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China neering tools designed by the company itself. These Supporting institution: BMBF tools improve engineering efficiency and speed up 2nd Symposium on Foresight and Technology Plan- the implementation of custom specific applications Mini Robot ning Heinz Nixdorf Institute due to features like configuration instead of pro- The product design of miniaturized mechatronical The symposium offers an annual forum, in which gramming and virtual commissioning. Customers systems is to be supported by a development envi- experts present and discuss their work in the area are found in highly innovative industries like elec- ronment. The development environment shall of the strategic product and technology planning tronic assembly, automotive and medical techno- include procedure systematics, specification tech- and can maintain the exchange of experience. The logy. Ultimate flexibility, reliability, process trans- niques, methods and software-tools. In the range of meeting addresses decision makers from enter- parency and operator convenience are important the project, a demonstrator is being developed as a prises, which are concerned with the organization of features of these solutions. One highlight imple- miniaturized robot and produced as a prototype, the business of tomorrow, as well as determining mented in FASTEC´s engineering workbench is vir- which, in a medium term, will serve as a research personalities from relevant institutes. tual commissioning based on a 3D- conveyor sys- platform for different tasks. November 9 to10, 2006, Schloß Neuhardenberg tem model, including all sensor and actuators and near Berlin animated with the control software for the real PLC. Competence Center Distributed Visualisation & Sim- Thus FASTEC gets their customers faster to produc- ulation VISSIM SPS/IPC/Drives 2006 tion start. In the context of the competence centre VisSim a SPS/IPC/DRIVES is the exhibition for electric http://www.fastec.de Virtual Prototyping platform for the virtual testing of automation technology. It covers all components complex mechatronic vehicle components has to be down to the system and offers herewith integrated Scenario Management International AG – ScMI AG developed by integrating simulation and visualisa- automation solutions. The workgroup was repre- ScMI AG, founded in 1998, is a public limited com- tion techniques based on the driving simulator Vir- sented on the SPS/IPC/Drives in the context of pany for company future design and strategic com- tual Nightdrive. Additional Activities 97

Supporting institution: State of North Rhine-West- TransMechatronic. SPP NRW phalia Supporting institution: BMBF In the context of the project the results of the BMBF- promoted research project Strategic Product and wearIT@work Process Planning (SPP) will be transferred to small The project wearIT@work researches and develops Current Industry Co-operations and medium-sized enterprises from North Rhine- industrially-suited Wearable-Computing-Solutions OWL ViProSim Westphalia. For 10 enterprises firm specific conver- for the application fields of car production (Skoda), The aim is to build up a virtual competence centre sion manuals for the introduction of the strategic maintenance of helicopters (EADS), hospital care for the strengthening of the competitiveness of com- product and process planning are compiled. (gespag) and emergency intervention (the fire panies in the geographical region Ostwestfalen- Customer: Companies from North Rhine-Westphalia, department of Paris). It is necessary for specialists Lippe(OWL). The focus is on conveying knowledge supported by the State of North Rhine-Westphalia of this area to be supported directly in their working about methods and tools for virtual prototyping and processes with extreme mobile, or in clothes inte- simulation. PDM project support grated, information- and communication systems. Partner: OWL MASCHINENBAU e.V. In the context of this project the customer is sup- Supporting institution: European Union ported by the roll out of a PDM system. In detail, A Visit Inside a Computer (BIC) specification sheets have to be derived and speci- EUMECHA-PRO The aim is to design and implement a multimedia fied from the requirements, the status of the The project EUMECHA-Pro - European mechatronics VR-AR exhibit for explaining the operation of com- requirements and the degree of performance up to for a new generation of production systems - is a puter and internet. the compliance have to be controlled, to be able to Coordination Action in the 6th European Framework Customer: Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum take the right measures on time and to assure an Program, which examines the future development of optimal implementation of the requirements in the mechatronics within the range of the manufacturing AR based prototyping in the vehicle pre-develop- software, that has to be developed. technology. Roadmaps for the industrial application ment Customer: Automotive company and for the research are developed as well as Best Today, real prototypes are used to design new vehi- Practice examples of products and associated cle models. However, in many cases, no complete Virtual Testing of Innovative Headlight Systems development processes and methods. On this real prototypes exist. Merely, partial components To visualize the functional behaviour of a Predictive basis, concepts for the standardised training and are available. Other components such as auto body Advanced Front Lighting System (PAFS), a demon- education on mechatronics in Europe are provided. and interior equipment are just available as 3D- strator based on the VR driving simulator „Virtual Supporting institution: European Union Models in the computer. Via an AR-system, virtual Nightdrive” was developed. The system represents construction of vehicles parts is shown on real vehi- descriptive the function mode of this new techno- TransMechatronic cle prototypes to support reviews and to visualize logy and facilitates the optimization of the algo- The aim of this project is comprehensive equipment design alternatives. rithms in the computer for the transfer of the technology mechatronics into Partner: Volkswagen Nutzfahrzeuge AG Partner: Visteon Deutschland GmbH industrial practice. First an information system is developed, which uncovers the state of the art Potential analysis of laser structuring Product presentation with Augmented Reality within the range of mechatronics and will be ope- The topic is the potential analysis of the technology The aim is the development of an Augmented Re- rated as the Internet portal „TransMechatronic.de“. laser structuring for products of the customer. This ality-based presentation system fort he innovative Based on these results a wide transfer will be con- includes the analysis of existing products in terms presentation of products in need of explanation. In ceived, e.g. in the form of newsletters and fair of their functionality, design and manufacturing the context of an industrial project a presentation appearances. In addition to the work mentioned a technologies used. Based on the assumption analy- system for furniture hardware was planned and pro- development-benchmark is conceived. This focuses sis, solution concepts are developed as well as re- totypically realized. on pointing out the specific potential in the area of commendation for action, which are based on the Customer: Hettich Holding GmbH & Co. oHG mechatronics to an enterprise and compile strate- technology of direct-laser structuring. gies to exploit this potential. An offer for training Customer: Producer of electronic components Implementation of the scenario technique for a and education supplements the projects. product strategy workshop Supporting institution: BMBF Technology Roadmap Connectivity The topic of the project was to gather information In the project a system for the strategic product- and for a product strategy workshop of the customer. System Integration Lab - CENTRONIC technology planning which allows the customer to This was based on an analysis of the current situa- In the context of the competence centre „system efficiently use information on technologies for the tion (markets, competitors and own position) and integration lab” the service centre CENTRONIC for further development of his products and services is the antizipation of the development of relevant mar- the development and manufacturing of complex developed. The system is based on a technology kets, the competition, the value chain, of technolo- mechatronic products will be founded. Apart from database. The result of the project should be a tech- gies and of location factors. training and education courses industrial enter- nology roadmap connectivity. Customer: Textile industry company prises are supported in the validation and selection Customer: HARTING KGaA of technologies as well as in the development of Strategic product planning testing and measure- new products. MID-Study 2006 ment engineering Supporting institution: State of North Rhine-West- The main results of our 2003-Study „Opportunities The topic of the project ist he further development phalia and Boundaries for the Technology MID“ (Chancen of the market service (products and services) to set und Grenzen für den Einsatz der Technologie MID) the stage fort he intended growth in sales and to InZuMech said, that a technology push for MID exists but the ensure the enduring positive development of the The aim of the joint project InZuMech is an instru- necessary market pull for a further distribution company. The aim of the project is a promising ment for the early reliability analysis of mechatronic failed to appear till now. In the context of a follow product portfolio that points out, which products products. It consists of procedures and tools that up study in 2006 we carried out a market analysis and complementary services (hybrid solutions) will support the developer in identifying possible influ- and a survey of previous MID projects to identify the be needed for the growth in sales. ences between components of a system and carry- main success factors for the application of MID. Customer: Testing and measurement engineering ing out reliability analyses of the complete system Customer: 3-D MID e.V. company based on the model of the principal solution. The instrument should be gathered and be proven suc- IBM-Study Function-oriented product lifecycle management cessful by means of the development of several The topic of this project is a study on 15 trendset- system innovative mechatronic products together with ting technologies in the product development. For Within this project, conceptual solutions for a industry partners. The primary aim is the creation of the technologies Mechatronics, Integration of Manu- methodical and IT based support of a function-ori- a comprehensive model of the principal solution. facturing and Virtual Reality / Augmented Reality the ented operation method in a product lifecycle man- The results of the joint project should be multiplied state of the art is analysed. Based on expert consul- agement system have to be gathered and prototypi- by publications (conferences, reference book), func- tations prognoses on the further development of the cally implemented. In the first step the project is tional exchange in committees, and offerings for fur- individual technologies are provided. focused onE/E-systems. Later, the concepts should ther education as well as by the internet platform Customer: Berliner Kreis e.V. cover a broader range of mechatronic systems. In 98 Workgroups

terms of a complete examination the conceptual Strategic product planning drive engineering Besides these, several further projects with partners solutions should additionally be applicable on Within this project a procedure for strategic product- from different industries, esp. in the field of strategic mechanics as well. Additionally an interchange with and technology-planning developed by the Heinz product- and technology-planning, are carried out. PLM system providers is aspired to have the possi- Nixdorf Institute is established at the customer. It Because of non-disclosure agreements, these proj- bility to influence the further development of PLM supports the customer in the efficient further deve- ects cannot – even anonymously – be listed here in systems if necessary. lopment of the market services within area of con- detail. Customer: DaimlerChrysler AG Research & Techno- flict between market pull and technology push. The logy procedure is based on a database and methods for the generation and updating of content as well as the descriptive presentation of content resp. in form of an innovation roadmap. Customer: Producer of electric micro drives Additional Activities 99

Workgroup Computer and Society Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil

Kaschewitz, V., Büse, D, Hampel, T.: Reduction of der 36. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Informatik Publications Barriers in E-Learning – Improving Accessibility of e.V., Dresden, Deutschland, Lect. Notes Inform., Bopp, T., Hampel, T., Hinn, R., Lützenkirchen, F., CSCL-Platforms. In: ED-MEDIA 2006-World Confer- Proc. (Vol. 94), 2006, 71–76. Prpitsch, C., Richter, H.: Alltagstaugliche Medien- ence on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & nutzung erfordert Systemkonvergenz in Aus- und Telecommunications, AACE, 2006, 2942–2947. Steinbring, M., Hampel, T.: Nachfragerorientierte Weiterbildung. In: Seiler Schiedt, E., Kälin, S., Sen- Lizenzierung in e-Learning-Umgebungen – Eine gstag, Ch. (eds.): E-Learning – alltagstaugliche Inno- Keil, R.: Zur Rolle interaktiver Medien in der Bildung. Klassifikation typischer Lizenzmodelle. In: vation? Medien in der Wissenschaft, Band 38, Wax- In: Keil, R. & Schubert, D. (eds.): Lernstätten im Mühlhäuser, M., Rößling, G., Steinmetz, R. (eds): mann, Münster, 2006, 87–96. Wandel. Innovation und Alltag in der Bildung. Mün- DeLFI 2006, 4. e-Learning Fachtagung Informatik, ster: Waxmann, 2006, pp. 59–77. Darmstadt, Germany, Lect. Notes Inform., Proc. (Vol. Bopp, T., Hampel, T., Hinn, R., Pawlowski, J., 87 ), 2006, 363–374. Prpitsch, C.: MISTEL - an approach to access multi- Keil, R.: Durchgängige Infrastrukturen als Vorausset- ple resources. In: Proccedings of the 8th Interna- zung praktikabler eLearning-Lösungen. In: D. Vonrüden, M., Hampel, T.: Document Centric Ontol- tional Conference on Enterprise Information Sys- Berntzen, M. Gehl, M. Hempel: Zukunftswerkstatt ogy Development – a customized usage of ontolo- tems (ICEIS 2006), Paphos, Cyprus, May 2006, Lehrerbildung: Neues Lehren und Lernen durch E- gies in e-learning. In: 7th International Conference 319–322. Learning. Der didaktische Mehrwert von E-Learning- on the Design of Cooperative Systems, May, 9-12, Konzepten in der Lehrerbildung. ZfL-Texte Nr. 14, France, Provence, 2006, 147–154. Bopp, T., Hampel, T., Karadavut, T.Y., Konietzny, C.: A Münster, 2006, pp. 9–26. DHT Architecture for CSCW-Systems. Technischer Bericht, tr-ri-05-272, Fak EIM-I, 2006. Keil, R., Schubert, D.: Einleitung. In: Keil, R. & Schu- Fairs/Conferences/Seminars bert, D. (eds.): Lernstätten im Wandel. Innovation 2. sTeam User Summit Bopp, T., Hinn, R., Hampel, T.: 2006, A Service-Ori- und Alltag in der Bildung. Münster: Waxmann, On June, 28, 2006 the 2nd sTeam User Summit was ented Infrastructure for Collaborative Learning in Vir- 2006, pp. 7–12. held at the University of Paderborn. Here, an inten- tual Knowledge Spaces. In: International Federation sive knowledge transfer took place between the par- for Information Processing, Volume 210, Education Keil, R. & Schubert, D. (eds.): Lernstätten im Wan- ticipants who use open-sTeam in various contexts. for the 21st Century Impact of ICT and Digital del. Innovation und Alltag in der Bildung. Münster: Resources, eds. Kumar, D. and Turner, J., (Boston: Waxmann, 2006. eUniversity - Update Bologna Springer),:2006, 35–44. eUniversity - Update Bologna is the joint congress of Niehus, D., Hampel, T., Sprotte, R.: medi@rena: An the education quality forum and Campus Innovation Büse, D., Hampel, T., Grunau, M.K., Kaschewitz, V.E.: Eclipse based Rich Client application for open- 2006. eUniversity focuses on the challenges of the Reduction of Barriers in Collaborative Systems. sTeam and its real world usage. In: ED-MEDIA 2006- information age for universities. Technischer Bericht, tr-ri-05-271, Fak EIM-I, 2006. World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications, AACE, 2006, Erren, P., Keil, R.: Semantic Positioning as a Means 1304–1309. Additional Functions for Visual Knowledge Structuring. In: Nejdl, W.; Reinhard Keil: Tochtermann, K. (Eds.): Innovative Approaches for Pauleickhoff, F., Roth, A., Hampel, T.: Structuring Member of the advisory committee „Technologie- Learning and Knowledge Sharing. Proceedings of Organizational Knowledge in Virtual Knowledge Zentrum Informatik” (TZI, Center of Technology of „First European Conference on Technology Rooms at Philips Semiconductors. In: Special Issue Computer Science), University of Bremen (since Enhanced Learning, EC-TEL 2006”, Crete, Greece, '6th International Conference on Knowledge Man- 1998) Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4227, Berlin Hei- agement', Journal of Universal Computer Science Member of the advisory committee of delberg New York Tokyo: Springer 2006, (JUCS), Vol. 12, Graz, Österreich, September 2006, „Forschungs- und Beratungsstelle Arbeitswelt pp.591–596. 367–374. (FORBA)”, Vienna (since 2000) Member of the advisory committee of „Lernstatt Eßmann, B., Hampel, T., Goetz, F.: An Open Architec- Roth, A., Hampel, T., Strauch, T.: Supporting the Paderborn” (since 2005) ture for Collaborative Visualizations in Rich Media Business Game of a TV Production by LMS - About Member of the board of trustees of the research Environments, Proccedings of the 8th International the Implementation of Highly Configurable Submis- programme „Lernkultur Kompetenzentwicklung” Conference on Enterprise Information Systems sion Rooms for Various Learning Scenarios, In: ED- (Culture of Learning in the Development of Compe- (ICEIS 2006), Paphos, Cyprus, May 2006, 27–34. MEDIA 2006-World Conference on Educational Mul- tence) hosted by BMBF (since 2001) timedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications, AACE, Scientific Director of the „education quality forum Eßmann, B., Hampel, T., Goetz, F., Elsner, A.: 2006, 2228–2233. (eq)” North Rhine Westphalia (with Prof. Michael Embedding Collaborative Visualizations into Virtual Kerres) (since 2001) Knowledge Spaces, In: 7th International Conference Selke, H.: Knowledge Management in Schools - Member of the expert group on technology of the on the Design of Cooperative Systems, May, 9-12, From Electronic Schoolbag to Social Software. In: Virtual University Bavaria (since 2003) France, Provence, 2006, 33–40. Nejdl, W.; Tochtermann, K. (eds.): EC-TEL 2006, Speaker of the expert group on technology of the LNCS, Band 4227, pp. 398-410, Berlin Heidelberg, „Centrum für eCompetence in Hochschulen” (Cen- Eßmann, B., Hampel, T., Keil-Slawik, R.: Challenges 2006, Springer-Verlag. tre for eCompetence in Universities) NRW (since towards a Distributed Persistence Layer for Next 2005) Generation CSCW Applications. In: Proceedings of Selke, H.: Weniger ist mehr – Wissensmanagement Member of the GMW (Gesellschaft für Medien in IEEE International Conference On Pervasive Comput- für die Schule. In: Heinecke, A. M.; Paul, H. (eds.): der Wissenschaft) Steering Committee (since ing and Communications PerCom 2006, Workshop Mensch & Computer 2006: Mensch und Computer 2005) on Pervasive eLearning PerEL ’06, Pisa, März 2006, im StrukturWandel, pp. 321-330, München, 2006, Member of the BMBF Expert Group „Web 2.0 in veröffentlicht online - ohne Seitenzahl. Oldenbourg Verlag. Education” (seit 2006) Advisor of the city of Rheda-Wiedenbrück in the T- Hampel, T., Eßmann, B.: A Design Pattern for Mobile Steinbring, M., Hampel, T.: Classification of Licens- City competition of Deutsche Telekom AG (since Knowledge Spaces. Erscheint in: Hicks, D. L. (ed.), ing Models for Web Based Systems and Services, In: 2006) Metainformatics. International Symposium, MIS P. Kommers & G. Richards (Eds.), Proceedings of Scientific advisor of the BMBF project „E-Learning 2005, Springer-Verlag. World Conference on Educational Multimedia, for Chemical Professions” (ELCH) (since 2006) Hypermedia & Telecommunications ED-MEDIA Consultant for the EU project „Advanced Process- Hampel, T., Niehus, D., Pawlak, T., Sprotte, R.: open 2006, AACE, 2006, 3078–3083. Oriented Self-Directed Learning Environment sTeam Rich Client: On Building an extendable (APOSDLE)” (since 2006) CSCW/CSCL Application utilizing the Eclipse Rich Steinbring, M., Hampel, T.: Finanzierungsalterna- Client Platform. In: 7th International Conference on tiven und Dienstleistungsmodelle von Open-Source- Thorsten Hampel: the Design of Cooperative Systems, May, 9-12, Software in webbasierten Umgebungen. In: Consultant for the Virtual University Bavaria (VHB) France, Provence, 2006, 49–56. Hochberger, Ch., Liskowsky, R. (eds). In: Informatik 2006, Informatik für Menschen, Band 2, Beiträge 100 Workgroups

Consultant for the Ministry of Science and realization and presentation of educational projects Research NRW – Open Access Initiative Digital (BID-OWL). Peer Publishing NRW Member of the expert group e-Learning for the Unger, Welsow & Company GmbH CDTF (Chinese-German Technical Faculty) in Qing- Co-operation in areas of software ergonomics and dao, China web design in co-operation with other companies. Member of the Jury for MEDIDA-PRIX, the GMW Media didactic Award @FRIENDS GmbH & Co. KG Partner für Consultant for the German Federal Ministry of Edu- Kundenfindung und Kundenbindung cation and Research, Directorate University, Inno- Co-operation in the design of a user interface for the vation and Reform of Studies telemarketing system „tele)data SQL” and consult- Consultant for the State of Bavaria’s initiative Ver- ing in the further development of the system. bund SprachChancen OWL Maschinenbau Implementation of a cross-company platform for Current Research Projects knowledge management and regional e-Learning BID-OWL activities in mechanical engineering in Ostwestfalen In the project „Bildung im Dialog – Ostwestfalen- Lippe. Lippe” (BID-OWL) an internet-based working environment for educational use is being developed, InnoZent OWL which allows a knowledge management through the Co-operation in the development of a regional e- Internet and co-operative learning within and across Learning competence center and the analysis and schools. evaluation of an NRW-wide search engine for further education, funded by the Ministry of Economy and opensTeam – Employment NRW. Structuring of Information in a Team open-sTeam is an Open Source approach to kooper- Forschungsgemeinschaft Sifa-Langzeitstudie ative knowledge organization. Infrastructures and Implementation of a cooperation platform that sup- methods of structuring knowledge in groups, rang- ports the exchange of occupational safety special- ing from document management to e-Learning are ists from all over Germany. being developed and evaluated. Initiative Neue Medien, Kreis Soest Locomotion – Development of a cooperation platform that offers Low-Cost Multimedia Organisation and Production specific support of an exchange between women in The project Locomotion, funded by the BMBF aims the Hellweg Region. at embedding the University of Paderborn’s diverse IT systems for managing learning modules, exami- Mittelstands-Institut im Kreis Herford (MIKH) nation data and knowledge organisation into an Use of virtual knowledge spaces for exchanging integrated IT environment. information within the joint project E-Learning Man- ager. MObiDig – Manipulierbare Objekte in digitalen Systemen RFID-Community MObiDig is a study funded by the BMBF and Implementation and operation of a community plat- VDI/VDE in the area of „Analysis of Innovation and form for the RFID Support Center, a joint initiative of Technologies” (ITA). The project aimed at identifying research institutes in Northrhine-Westfalia. the potentials and risks of digital technology with a special focus on the example of computer-sup- NXP Semiconductors ported car technology. (vormals Philips Semiconductors) Supervision and consultation in the development of mistel an Open Source software for project management In the DFG project mistel a distributed prototypical (Xpertise) on the basis of the cooperation support- architecture is developed to allow for the conver- ing system open-sTeam. gence of knowledge organisation, digital libraries and planning systems.

LARS – Lernen auf Reisen Schule In cooperation with the Bezirksregierung Detmold and the Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum) a virtual school is established for children whose parents travel for a large part of the year, like circus artists.

Current Industry Co-operations Sun Microsystems For the first time Sun Microsystems has established a „Center of Excellence for Educational Technology” at the University of Paderborn. In this way, Sun Microsystems honours the achievements of the workgroup „Computers and Society” in building and operating infrastructures which support learning activities.

Weidmüller-Stiftung In co-operation with the district government in Det- mold, a new platform is under development for the Additional Activities 101

Fachgruppe Algorithmen und Komplexität Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide

sium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Appli- Frahling, Gereon; Sohler, Christian: A Fast k-Means Publications cations (DS-RT), 2006 Implementation Using Coresets. In: ACM Sympo- Ziegler, Martin: Stability versus speed in a com- sium on Computational Geometry, S. 135-143, putable algebraic model. Theoretical Computer Sci- Rührup, Stefan; Schindelhauer, Christian: Improved 2006 ence, 351: S. 14-26, 2006 Bounds for Online Multi-Path Routing in Faulty Mesh Networks. tr-rsfb-06-078, 2006 Dangelmaier, Wilhelm; Huber, Daniel; Laroque, Frahling, Gereon; Faigle, Ulrich: A Combinatorial Christoph; Aufenanger, Mark; Fischer, Matthias; Algorithm for Weighted Stable Sets in Bipartite Bonorden, Olaf; Gehweiler, Joachim; Meyer auf der Krokowski, Jens; Kortenjan, Michael: d³FACT insight Graphs. Journal on Discrete Applied Mathematics, Heide, Friedhelm; Rehberg, Bettina: Efficient Paral- goes parallel - Aggregation of multiple simulations. 2006 lel Algorithms. In: Proceeedings of 6th International In: Simulation and Visualization 2006 (SimViS), S. Heinz Nixdorf Symposium: New Trends in Parallel & 79-88, 2006, SCS European Publishing House Brinkmann, André; Effert, Sascha; Heidebuer, Distributed Computing, 2006 Michael; Vodisek, Mario: Realizing Multilevel Snap- Kortenjan, Michael; Vodisek, Mario: A Note on shots in Dynamically Changing Virtualized Storage K.Meer, M.Ziegler: „Uncomputability Below the Real Throwing Replicated Balls into Bins. tr-ri-06-278, 1. Environments. In: 5th International Conference on Halting Problem” pp.368-377 in 2nd Conference on Jan., 2006 Networking (ICN), Nr.5, Mauritius, 23. - 26. Apr., Computability in Europe(CiE'06), Springer LNCS 2006, Springer Verlag LNCS vol.3988. Luciana S. Buriol, Gereon Frahling, Stefano Leonardi, Alberto Marchetti-Spaccamela, Christian Loeser, Christoph; Schomaker, Gunnar; Schubert, Bonorden, Olaf; Gehweiler, Joachim; Meyer auf der Sohler: Counting triangles in data streams. PODS Matthias: Predictive Replication and Placement Heide, Friedhelm: A Web Computing Environment 2006: 253-262 Strategies for Movie Documents in heterogeneous for Parallel Algorithms in Java. In: Journal on Scal- Content Delivery Networks. In: 5th International able Computing: Practice and Experience, 2006 Luciana Buriol, Gereon Frahling, Stefano Leonardi, Conference on Networking (ICN)., Mauritius, 23. - Alberto Marchetti-Spaccamela, Christian Sohler. 26. Apr., 2006 ICN, Springer Verlag LNCS Monien, Burkhard; Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm: Computing Clustering Coefficients in Data Streams New Trends in Parallel& Distributed Computing. HNI- Accepted at the European Conference on Complex Schindelhauer, Christian; Schomaker, Gunnar: SAN Verlagsschriftenreihe, Paderborn, Band 181, HNI Systems (ECCS'06), 2006. Optimal Multi Parameter Access Scheme. In: 5th Verlagsschriftenreihe, Paderborn, 2006 International Conference on Networking (ICN), Mau- Artur Czumaj, Christian Sohler. Sublinear-time Algo- ritius, 23. - 26. Apr., 2006 ICN, Springer Verlag LNCS Klein, Jan: Efficient Collision Detection for Point and rithms. EATCS bulletin Number 89, S. 23-47, Juni Polygon Based Models. , Universität Paderborn, 2006. Demaine, Erik; Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm; Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Theoretische Informatik, HNI- Pagh, Rasmus; Patrascu, Mihai: De Dictionariis Verlagsschriftenreihe, Paderborn, Band 186, 2006 Artur Czumaj, Christian Sohler. On Testable Proper- Dynamicis Pauco Spatio Utentibus. In: Latin Ameri- ties in Bounded Degree Graphs. Accepted at the can Theoretical Informatics (LATIN 2006), Valdivia, Dynia, Miroslaw; Kutylowski, Jaroslaw; Schindel- 17th ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms Chile, 20. - 24. Mrz., 2006 hauer, Christian; Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm: (SODA'07), 2007. Smart Robot Teams Exploring Sparse Trees. In: Proc. Schindelhauer, Christian: Mobility in Wireless Net- of the 31st International Symposium of Mathemati- works. In: 32nd International Conference on Current cal Foundations of Computer Science, Springer Lec- Prizes/Awards Trends in Theory and Practice of Computer Science ture Notes in Computer Science LNCS, 2006, (SOFSEM 2006), Merin, Czech Republic, 21. - 27. Springer Verlag Research Awards Jan., 2006 Matthias Fischer and Martin Ziegler have received M.Ziegler: „Effectively Open Real Functions”, to for their work in the research area of Computer Kortenjan, Michael; Schomaker, Gunnar: Size Equiv- appear in Journal of Complexity (Elsevier 2006). Graphics the „Forschungspreis der Universität alent Cluster Trees - Realtime Rendering of Large Paderborn 2006”. Industrial Scenes. In: 4th International Conference Dynia, Miroslaw; Korzeniowski, Miroslaw; Schindel- on Virtual Reality, Computer Graphics, Visualization hauer, Christian: Power-Aware Collective Tree Explo- Best Paper Awards and Interaction (Afrigraph 2006), 25. - 27. Jan., ration. In: Proc. of the Architecture of Computing Matthias Fischer, Michael Kortenjan, Jens Krokowski 2006 African Graphics Association (AFRIGRAPH) Systems, LNCS, Nr.3894, S. 341-351, 2006, and four additional autors have received at the Springer Verlag „SimVis, Simulation and Visualization 2006” for the Kutylowski, Jaroslaw; Zagorski, Filip: Reliable Broad- article „d3FACT insight goes parallel - Aggregation casting without Collision Detection in an Automotive Dynia, Miroslaw; Kutylowski, Jaroslaw; Meyer auf of multiple simulations” a best paper award. Scenario. In: 32nd International Conference on Cur- der Heide, Friedhelm: Maintaining Communication rent Trends in Theory and Practice of Computer Sci- Between an Explorer and a Base Station. In: IFIP Gunnar Schomaker and three additional autors have ence (SOFSEM 2006), Merin, Czech Republic, 21. - 19th World Computer Congress, TC10: 1st IFIP Inter- received at the „ICN, International Confrerence on 27. Jan., 2006 national Conference on Biologically Inspired Com- Networking 2006” for the article „Fairness Consider- puting, S. 137-146, 2006 ations in Replication and Placement Strategies for Rammig, Franz Josef; Dangelmaier, Wilhelm; Karl, large Documents in heterogeneous Content Delivery Holger; Mertsching, Bärbel; Meyer auf der Heide, Rührup, Stefan; Schindelhauer, Christian: Online Networks” a best paper award. Friedhelm; Trächtler, Ansgar: Self-Coordinating Sys- Multi-Path Routing in a Maze. In: Proc. of the 17th tems: The Next Challenge in Research on Distributed International Symposium on Algorithms and Compu- Systems. In: Proceedings of the 6th International tation (ISAAC 2006), 2006 Additional Functions Heinz Nixdorf Symposium., 2006, HNI Verlagss- Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide: chriftenreihe, Paderborn Gehweiler, Joachim; Lammersen, Christiane; Sohler, Associate Dean of the Faculty for Computer Sci- Christian: A Distributed O(1)-Approximation Algo- ence, Electrical Engineering and Mathematics Brinkmann, André; Effert, Sascha; Heidebuer, rithm for the Uniform Facility Location Problem. In: Director of the Department for Computer Science Michael; Vodisek, Mario: Influence of Adaptive Data Proceeedings of 18th ACM Symposium on Paral- Member of the Senate of the University of Pader- Layouts on Performance in dynamically changing lelism in Algorithms and Architectures (SPAA), 2006 born Storage Environments. In: 14th Euromicro Confer- Director of the DFG Collaborative Research Centre ence on Parallel, Distributed and Network based Mahlmann, Peter; Schindelhauer, Christian: Distrib- SFB 376 „Massively Parallel Computing: Algo- Processing, Feb. - Jan., 2006 uted Random Digraph Transformations for Peer-to- rithms – Design Methods – Applications” Peer Networks. In: SPAA '06: Proceedings of the Initiator and Coordinator of the EU-Integrated Pro- Gehweiler, Joachim; Schomaker, Gunnar: Distrib- Eighteenth Annual ACM Symposium on Parallelism ject „Dynamically Evolving Large Scale Information uted Load Balancing in Heterogeneous Peer-to-Peer in Algorithms and Architectures, S. 308-317, 2006, Systems” (DELIS) Networks for Web Computing Libraries. In: Pro- ACM Press, New York, NY, USA Elected Reviewer of the DFG (German Research ceeedings of 10th IEEE/ACM International Sympo- Foundation) 102 Workgroups

DFG Special Advisor (Vertrauensdozent) of the mar Hotel in Malente/Schleswig-Holstein, Ger- University of Paderborn many Member of the Board of External Scientific Advis- Invited talk for SOFSEM 2006, 32nd International ers (Fachbeirat) of the Max-Planck-Institute for Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Prac- Computer Science at Saarbrücken tice of Computer Science, January 2006, Merin, Direktor der NRW-Graduate School of Dynamic Czech Republic. Intelligent Systems (one of three directors) Assistant Chairman of the Paderborn Institute for Valentina Damerow: Scientific Computation (PaSCo) and its graduate Manager of the EU-Integrated Project „Dynamically college Evolving Large-scale Information Systems” (DELIS) Managing Editor of „Journal of Interconnection Networks (JOIN)”, World Scientific Publishing Editor of the dblp series Information Processing Current Research Projects Letters (IPL) DELIS: EU-Integrated Project „Dynamically Evolving Member of the program committee of the Interna- Large scale Information Systems” (DELIS) tional Colloquium on Automata. Languages, and Programming (ICALP), 2006 AEOLUS: EU-Integrated Project IST-15964 „Algorith- Member of the program committee of the Euro- mic Principles for Building Efficient Overlay Comput- pean Symposium on Algorithms (ESA), 2006 ers” (AEOLUS) Member of the program committee of the Interna- tional Conference on Principles of Distributed Sys- SFB-376-[A1/A2/C6/Z]: DFG (German Research tems (OPODIS), 2006 Foundation) Collaborativ Research Center 376 „Mas- Member of the Evaluation Committee of the „Bun- sively Parallel Computing: Algorithms - Design Meth- deswettbewerb Jugend Forscht” ods - Applications” Project A1 „Efficient Parallel Algorithms” Christian Schindelhauer: Project A2 „Universal Basic Services” with Prof. Dr. Publicity co-chair of DCOSS 2007: The 3rd IEEE Burkhard Monien International Conference on Distributed Comput- Project C6 „Mobile Ad-hoc-Netzwerke” with Prof. ing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS '07), Santa Fe, New Dr.-Ing Ulrich Rückert and Prof. Dr. Christian Schin- Mexico, USA, Monday, June 18 - Wednesday, June delhauer 20, 2007. Part Z general management Chair of MSWSN 2006 workshop, Satellite Work- sho of DCOSS 2006, Mobility and Scalability in Smart Teams: DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm 1183 Wireless Sensor Networks, San Francisco, 18th „Organic Computing” with the project: „Smart June, 2006 Teams” (with Prof. Dr. Christian Schindelhauer) Program committee member of DCOSS 2007: The 3rd IEEE International Conference on Distributed PReSto: DFG-Transferproject „Paderborner Realtime Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS '07), Santa Storage Network” (PReSTo) with Prof. Dr.-Ing Ulrich Fe, New Mexico, USA, Monday, June 18 - Wednes- Rückert day, June 20, 2007. Program committee member of SPAA 2007: 19th VisSim: Center of excellence „Distributed Visualiza- ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and tion and Simulation” (VisSim). Agreement on objec- Architectures, San Diego, CA, USA, June 9 - 11, tives of University of Paderborn and Ministry for Sci- 2007 ence and Research of North Rhine-Westphalia Program committee member of NTMS 2007: First International Conference on New Technologies, BAMSI: DFG Project „Active support of the analysis Mobility and Security, April 30 to May 3, 2007 in of material flow simulations in virtual environments Beirut, Lebanon (BAMSI)” (with Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangel- Technical program committee member AlgoSen- maier) sors 2006: International Workshop on Algorithmic Aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks, July 15 DFG-Netz: DFG Priority Program 1126 „Algorithms 2006, Venice, Italy. for Large and Complex Networks” with the project: Technical program committee member MobiWac „Algorithms for Large Dynamic Geometric Graphs” 2006, The 4-th ACM International Workshop on (with Dr. Christian Sohler) Mobility Management and Wireless Access Octo- ber 2nd, 2006, Torremolinos, Spain DFG-Projekt: DFG-Project „Real Hypercomputation” Program committee member of CAAN 2006, Third (Dr. Martin Ziegler) Workshop on Combinatorial and Algorithmic Aspects of Networking, 2 July 2006, Chester, Graduate School Programs: United Kingdom HNI-GK: DFG Research Training Centre (postgraduate Program committee member of Adhocnow 2006: program) „Automatic Configuration in Open Sys- 5th International Conference on AD-HOC Networks tems” & Wireless August 17 - 19, 2006, Ottawa, Canada Program committee member of SOFSEM 2006, Pasco-GK: DFG Research Training Centre (postgradu- 32nd International Conference on Current Trends ate program) „Scientific Computation” in Theory and Practice of Computer Science, 21.- 27.01.2006, Merin, Czech Republik. G-School: NRW Graduate School of Dynamic Intelli- Program committee member of 20th IEEE Interna- gent Systems tional Parallel & Distributed Processing Sympo- sium (IPDPS 2006), 26.-29.04.2006, Rhodos, DAAD funding within the IAS program for exchange Greece. with Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada 4th Summer School of the GI/ITG working group „Communication und Distributed Systems” (KuVS) Self-Organization, June 18.-21 2006 at the Inter- Additional Activities 103

Workgroup Design of Distributed Embedded Systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

Gausemeier, J.; Wallaschek, J.; Rammig, F. J.; Janacik, P.; Heimfarth, T.; Rammig, F. J.: Emergent Publications Schäfer, W.; Trächtler, A. (Ed.) Entwurf mechatronis- Topology Control Based on Division of Labour in Anthony, R.; Leonhardi, A.; Ekelin, C.; Dejiu, C.; cher Systeme. Volume 189, HNI Verlagsschriften- Ants. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 20th International Törngren, M.; Boer de, G.; Jahnich, I.; Burton, S.; reihe, Paderborn, Germany, 2006 Conference on Advanced Information Networking Redell, O.; Weber, A.; Vollmer, V.: A Future Dynami- and Applications (AINA 2006), Vienna, Austria, cally Reconfigurable Automotive Software System. Geiger, C.; Stöcklein, J.: Entwicklung von Augmented April, 2006 In: Proceedings of the 26th Conference of „Elek- Reality-Präsentationen mit einem High-Level Author- tronik im Kraftfahrzeug“, Dresden, Germany, 2006 ing System - eine Fallstudie. In: Gausemeier, J.; Janacik, P.; Heimfarth, T.: Cross-layer Architecture of Grafe, M. (Ed.) Augmented & Virtual Reality in der a Distributed OS for Ad Hoc Networks. In: Proceed- Conrad, M.; Krupp, A.: An Extension of the Classifi- Produktentstehung, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, ings of the International Conference on Autonomic cation-Tree Method for Embedded Systems for the Paderborn, volume 188, pp. 145-149, Heinz Nixdorf an Autonomous Systems (ICAS 2006), Silicon Valley, Description of Events. In: Second Workshop on Institute, University of Paderborn, Germany, 2006 USA, 2006 Model Based Testing, Vienna, Austria, 2006 Giefers, H.; Rettberg, A.: Energy Aware Multiple Janacik, P.: Data Management in Mobile Wireless Danne, K.; Platzner, M.: Executing hardware tasks Clock Domain Scheduling for a Bit-serial, Self-timed Sensor Networks. In: Proceedings of the Dagstuhl on dynamically reconfigurable devices under real- Architecture. In: Proceedings of the 19th Sympo- Seminar on Scalable Data Management in Evolving time conditions. In: Proceedings of the FPL, Madrid, sium on Integrated Circuits and System Design Networks, Wadern, Germany, 2006 Spain, 2006 (SBCCI), Ouro Preto, Brazil, 2006 Janacik, P.; Heimfarth, T.: Emergent Distribution of Danne, K.; Platzner, M.: Partitioned Scheduling of Giese, H.; Montealegre, N.; Müller, T. ; Oberthür, S. ; Operating System Services in Wireless Ad Hoc Net- Periodic Real-Time Tasks onto Reconfigurable Hard- Schulz, B.: Acute stress response for self-optimizing works. In: Proceedings of the IFIP Conference on ware. In: International Parallel and Distributed Pro- mechatronic systems. In: IFIP Conference on Biologi- Biologically Inspired Cooperative Computing (BICC cessing Symposium, Rhodes Island, Greece, 2006 cally Inspired Cooperative Computing, Santiago, 2006), Santiago, Chile, 2006 Chile, 2006 Danne, K.; Platzner, M.: An EDF Schedulability Test Krupp, A.; Müller, W.: Classification Trees for Ran- for Periodic Tasks on Reconfigurable Hardware Götz, M.; Dittmann, F.: Scheduling Reconfiguration dom Test and Functional Coverage. In: Design, Devices. In: Proceedings of LCTES 2006, Ottawa, Activities of Run-time Reconfigurable RTOS Using an Automation and Test in Europe (DATE 2006), Canada, 2006 Aperiodic Task Server. In: Proceedings of the ARC Munich, Germany, 2006 2006, Delft, The Netherlands, 2006 Dittmann, F. ; Heimfarth, T. : Clock Frequency Varia- Lavagno, L.; Müller, W.: UML: A Next Generation Lan- tion of Partially Reconfigurable Systems. In: Pro- Götz, M.; Dittmann, F.; Pereira, C. E.: Deterministic guage for SoC Design. Electronic Design, Article ID ceedings of the 19th International Conference on Mechanism for Run-Time Reconfiguration Activities #12552 , May, 2006 Architecture of Computing Systems: Workshop Pro- in an RTOS. In: Proceedings of the 4th International ceedings, pp. 195-204, Frankfurt, Germany, 2006 IEEE Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN Lietsch, S.; Berssenbrügge, J.; Zabel, H.; Wittenberg, 2006), Singapore, 2006 V.; Eikermann, M.: Light Simulation in a Distributed Dittmann, F.; Götz, M.: Applying Single Processor Driving Simulator. In: 2nd International Symposium Algorithms to Schedule Tasks on Reconfigurable Götz, M.; Dittmann, F.: Reconfigurable Microkernel- on Visual Computing (ISVC2006), Lake Tahoe, Devices Respecting Reconfiguration Times. In: Pro- based RTOS: Mechanisms and Methods for Run- Nevada, 2006 ceedings of the 13th Reconfigurable Architectures Time Reconfiguration. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop, Rhodes Island, Greece, 2006 International Conference on ReConFigurable Com- Mahlmann, P.; Schindelhauer, C.: Distributed Ran- puting and FPGAs 2006 (ReConFig'06), pp. 12-19, dom Digraph Transformations for Peer-to-Peer Net- Dittmann, F.; Götz, M.: Reconfiguration Time Aware San Luis Potosí, Mexico, 2006 works. In: SPAA '06: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Processing on FPGAs. In: Proceedings of the Annual ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algo- Dagstuhl Seminar Nº 06141 on Dynamically Recon- Götz, M.; Rettberg, A.; Pereira, C. E.: Communica- rithms and Architectures, pp. 308-317, ACM Press, figurable Architectures, Dagstuhl, Germany, 2006 tion-aware Component Allocation Algorithm. In: Pro- New York, NY, USA, 2006 ceedings of the 5th IFIP Working Conference on Dis- Dittmann, F.; Rettberg, A.: Design of Partially Recon- tributed and Parallel Embedded Systems, Braga, Müller, W.; Rosti, A.; Bocchio, S.; Riccobene, E.; figurable Systems: From Abstract Modeling to Practi- Portugal, 2006 Scandurra, P.; Dehaene, W.; Vanderperren, Y.: UML cal Realization. In: Proceedings of the 1st Interna- for ESL Design - Basic Principles, Tools, and Applica- tional Workshop on Reconfigurable Computing Edu- Götz, M.; Rettberg, A.; Pereira, C. E.: Run-Time tions. Embedded Tutorial. Proceedings of ICCAD'06, cation, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2006 Reconfigurable Real-Time Operating System for San Jose, Nov, 2006 Hybrid Execution Platforms. In: Proceedings of the Dittmann, F.; Rettberg, A.; Weber, R.: Towards the 12th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Prob- Müller, W.; Vanderperren, Y.; Dehaene, W.: Tutorial: Implementation of Path Concepts for a Reconfig- lems in Manufacturing, Saint-Etienne, France, 2006 UML and Model-Driven Development for SoC urable Bit-Serial Synchronous Architecture. In: Pro- Design. CODES/ISSS Workshop, Seoul, Korea, Oct, ceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Grossmann, J.; Conrad, M.; Fey, I.; Krupp, A. ; Lam- 2006 ReConFigurable Computing and FPGA's, pp. 262- berg, K.; Wewetzer, C. : TestML - A Test Exchange 269, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, 2006 Language for Model-based Testing of Embedded Müller, W.; Vanderperren, Y.; Dehaene, W.: UML and Software. In: Automotive Software Workshop, San Model-Driven Development for SoC Design. DATE El-Kebbe, D. A.: Autonomic Manufacturing Systems: Diego, USA, 2006 Tutorial, Munich, March, 2006 A State-of-the-art Manufacturing Paradigm. In: Selb- storganisierende, Adaptive, Kontextsensitive Grossmann, J.; Müller, W.: A Formal Behavioral Müller, W.; Zabel, H.: Towards a Unified Behavioral verteilte Systeme (SAKS) Workshop, Kassel, Ger- Semantics for TestML. In: Proceedings of ISOLA 06, Language - A Simulation Framework Based many, 2006 Paphos, Cyprus, Nov, 2006 Approach. In: Proceedings of the UML-SoC Work- shop, San Francisco, USA, 2006 El-Kebbe, D. A.; Danne, C.: Applications of Neural Hardt, W.; Ihmor, S. (Ed.) Schnittstellensynthese. Networks to Cellular Manufacturing. In: Proceedings Volume 2, Heinz Nixdorf Institute, University of Pan, Y.; Rammig, F. J.; Schmeck, H.; Solar, M. (Ed.) of the IASTED International Conference on Intelligent Paderborn, Dresden, Germany, 2006 Biologically Inspired Cooperative Computing. IFIP Systems and Control ISC, Hawai, USA, 2006 WG 10.5, Springer-Verlag, 2006 Heimfarth, T.; Janacik, P.: Ant-based Heuristic for OS Esau, N.; Kleinjohann, L.; Kleinjohann, B.: Emo- Service Distribution on Ad Hoc Networks. In: Pro- Pham Van, T.: Proactive Ad hoc Nodes for Real-time tional Communication with the Robot Head MEXI. In: ceedings of the IFIP Conference on Biologically Video. In: the 10th IEEE International Conference on Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Inspired Cooperative Computing (BICC 2006), Santi- Communications Systems (ICCS 2006), Singapore, Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV ago, Chile, 2006 2006 2006), Singapore, 2006 104 Workgroups

Pham Van, T.: Efficient Relaying of Video Packets on Privacy Enhanced Personalization CHI 2006, In this thesis, techniques for the interface synthesis over Wireless Ad hoc Devices. In: the 8th annual Montreal, Canada, 2006 and concepts of reconfiguration are combined, IEEE Wireless and Microwave Technology Confer- which results in an interface block (IFB) that allows ence (WAMICON 2006), Clearwater, Florida, USA, Schäfer, R.; Müller, W.; Groppe, J.:. Profile Process- for deterministic run-time reconfiguration of appli- 2006 ing and Evolution for Smart Environments. 3rd Inter- cations. The approach was implemented in an EDA national Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and tool, which supports modeling and automated syn- Rammig, F. J.; Dangelmaier, W.; Karl, H.; Mertsching, Computing (UIC-06), Wuhan, China, Sep, 2006 thesis of IFBs. B.; Meyer auf der Heide, F.; Trächtler, A.: Self-Coordi- nating Systems: The Next Challenge in Research on Schäfer, R.; Bleul, S.; Mueller. W.: Dialog Modelling Klaus Danne Distributed Systems. In: Proceedings of the 6th for Multiple Devices and Multiple Interaction Modal- Real-Time Multitasking in Embedded Systems Based International Heinz Nixdorf Symposium. HNI Ver- ities. In: 5th International Workshop on Task Models on Reconfigurable Hardware lagsschriftenreihe, Paderborn, Germany, 2006 and Diagrams for User Interface Design Within the work, a fundamental contribution to the (TAMODIA'2006), Hasselt, Belgium, Oct, 2006 new area of real-time multitasking on reconfigurable Rammig, F. J.; Götz, M.; Heimfarth, T.; Janacik, P.; hardware is given. In particular, periodic task execu- Oberthür, S.: Real-time Operating Systems for Self- Schattkowsky, T.; Rettberg, A.; Dömer, R.: Design tion on FPGAs is investigated. Three new scheduling coordinating Embedded Systems. In: Proceedings of Space Exploration through Interactive Model Map- algorithms, which all base on Earliest Deadline First, the Dagstuhl Seminar MBEES: Modellbasierte pings for UML-based Specifications. In: Proceedings are developed and analyzed. Furthermore, a pure Entwicklung eingebetteter Systeme II, Wadern, Ger- of the UML-SoC Workshop, San Francisco, USA, FPGA implementation of the kernel of an operating many, 2006 2006 system is presented.

Rammig, F. J.; Götz, M.; Heimfarth, T.; Janacik, P.; Schneider, C.; Esau, N.; Kleinjohann, L.; Kleinjo- Achim Rettberg Oberthür, S.: Real-time Operating Systems for Self- hann, B.: Feature based Face Localization and Low Power Driven High-Level Synthesis for Dedi- coordinating Embedded Systems. In: Proceedings of Recognition on Mobile Devices. In: Proceedings of cated Architectures the 9th IEEE International Symposium on Object and the 9th International Conference on In the dissertation project, a power scheduler was component-oriented Real-time distributed Comput- Control,Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV developed that attempts to partition ICs optimally in ing (ISORC 2006), Gyeongju, Korea, 2006 2006), Singapore, 2006 order to save power. The individual partitions can be enabled and disabled separately. Thus, inactive Rammig, F. J.: Towards Self-Coordinating Ubiquitous Warkentin, A.; Dittmann, F.: Data Transfer Protocols areas of the circuit can be disabled to save power. Computing Environments. In: Proceedings of the for a Two Slot Based Reconfigurable Platform. In: Three different shutdown concepts can be inte- EUC, Seoul, Korea, 2006 Proceedings of the Reconfigurable Communication- grated: gated clock, guarded evaluation, and power- centric SoCs (ReCoSoC), Montpellier, France, 2006 down. Rettberg, A.; Rammig, F. J.: A New Design Partition- ing Approach for Low Power High-Level Synthesis. Zabel, H.; Rettberg, A.: Prototyping an Ambient Light In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop System - a case study. In: IFIP International Federa- Conferences on Electronic Desing, Test and Applications (DELTA tion for Information Processing, From Model-Driven BICC 2006 – IFIP Conference on Biologically Inspired 2006), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2006 Design to Resource Management for Distributed Cooperative Computing, August 20 - 25, Santiago, Embedded Systems, volume 225, pp. 55-64, Braga, Chile Rettberg, A.; Rammig, F. J.: Integration of Energy Portugal, 2006 Reduction into High-Level Synthesis by Partitioning. In: Proceedings of the Distributed Parallel Embed- Prizes/Awards ded Systems Workshop (DIPES), Braga, Portugal, PhD thesis Price 2005 of „Universitätsgesellschaft Paderborn“ 2006 Yuhong Zhao awarding the outstanding master thesis, January Study on the formal definition of the semantics of 15th, 2006 (Peter Janacik) Rettberg, A.; Rammig, F. J.; Kleinjohann, B.: Parti- SDL by means of ASM (Beijing University of Posts tioning-based Energy Reduction Methods integrated and Telecommunications, Peking, China) Price of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Com- into High-Level Synthesis. In: Mertsching, B. (Ed.) The work presents an approach to define formally puter Science and Mathematics 2006 awarding out- Fundamentals & Methods for Low-Power Informa- the complete semantics of SDL using basic ASM standing study performance, Februar 11th, 2006 tion Processing, Springer-Verlag, 2006 with better readability, scalability and applicability. (Peter Janacik) The resulting ASM semantic model can facilitate the Richert, W.; Kleinjohann, B.; Kleinjohann, L.: Trading validation and the simulation of the SDL specifica- Altera Best Paper Award: International Conference off impact and mutation of knowledge by cooperations. on ReConFigurable Computing and FPGAs, Septem- tively learning robots. In: Proceedings of the IFIP ber 2006, San Luis Potosí, Mexico (Florian Conference on Biologically Inspired Cooperative Martin Kardos Dittmann, Achim Rettberg und Raphael Weber) Computing, Santiago, Chile, 2006 Automated Formal Verification for UML-based Model Driven Design of Embedded Systems Richert, W.; Kleinjohann, B.; Koch, M.; Rose, S.; (Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava) Additional Functions Adelt, P.: The Paderkicker Team: Autonomy in Real- In this thesis, new design approaches and verifica- F. J. Rammig: time Environments. In: Proceedings of the Working tion methods for the design of embedded systems Member of the North-Rhine-Westphalia Academy Conference on Distributed and Parallel Embedded are investigated. The major focus is on the integra- of Science Systems, Braga, Portugal, 2006 tion of modeling and formal specification into the Member of acatech in the Union of the German design phase. Academy of Science Richert, W.; Kleinjohann, B.: Robust skill learning Member of the awarding committee of the Alexan- with prediction guided autonomy. In: Proceedings of Sabina Rips der von Humboldt Foundation the 2006 IEEE Mountain Workshop on Adaptive and Adaptive Steuerung der Lastverteilung datenparal- University-sided chair of the C-LAB Learning Systems (IEEE SMCals), Logan, USA, 2006 leler Anwendungen in Grid-Umgebungen Member of the board of directors of the Pader- In this thesis, a load balancing methodology for grid born International Graduate School on Dynamic Richert, W.; Kleinjohann, B.: Self-organization at the applications is discussed. Within the work, the Intelligent Systems lowest level: Proactively learning skills in adaptive load balancer mLB was developed, which Member of the board of directors of the Pader- autonomous systems. In: GI 2006 - Organic Comput- provides remarkable gain in performance for data borner Center for Parallel Computing ing Workshop, GI-Edition Lecture Notes in Informat- parallel applications based on dynamic load balanc- Member of the board of directors of the s-lab ics (LNI), Dresden, Germany, 2006 ing and communication optimization. (Software Quality Lab) Chair of IFIP TC 10 Schäfer, R.; Ziegler, M.; Müller, W.: Securing Per- Stefan Ihmor Member of IFIP Working Group 10.2 und 10.5 sonal Data in Smart Home Environments. Workshop Modeling and Automated Synthesis of Reconfig- Member of GI FB 3 Technical Informatics urable Interfaces General Co Chair IFIP BICC 06 Additional Activities 105

Co-editor Teuber Texte zur Informatik Co-editor Journal of Network and Computer Appli- Current Industry Cooperations cation (Elsevier) Cooperation with ZF Lemförder Fahrwerktechnik Member of the Program Committee of RAW 2006 (Rhodes Island, Greece, May 25-26), MOMPES „Performance Issues in wireless mobile telephony 2006 (Potsdam, Germany, Mar 30) and SBCCI systems“, supported by Siemens Communications 2006 (Ouro Preto, Brazil, Aug 28 - Sep 1)

B. Kleinjohann: Current Academical Cooperations Chair of IFIP Working Group 10.5 SIG ES Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany: Vice Chair of IFIP Working Group 10.2 Embedded Design and synthesis of reconfigurable hardware Systems interfaces in embedded systems

L. Kleinjohann: Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg and Publication Chair of IFIP Working Group 10.2 Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Embedded Systems Germany: Reconfigurable Computing Systems W. Müller: Program Chair and Member of the Organization Center for Embedded Computer Systems, UC Irvine, Comittee: DATE 2006 and GI Workshop Methoden USA: und Beschreibungssprachen zur Modellierung und Cooperation in the area of embedded systems Verifikation von Schaltungen und Systemen UFRGS Porto Alegre, Brazil: A. Rettberg: Flexible reconfigurable and embedded systems Member of IFIP Working Group 10.5 SIG ES and 10.2 Embedded Systems Program Committee and Session Chair, Third IEEE Guest Researchers International Workshop on Electronic Design, Test Prof. Dr. Daniel D. Gajski, UC Irvine, USA & Applications Program Committee IFIP Working Conference on Distributed and Parallel Embedded Systems

S. Oberthür: ACM Sigbed Webchair

Selected Research Projects CRC 614, Sp. B1 – Design Methods (DFG)

CRC 614, Sp. B3 – Virtual Prototyping (DFG)

CRC 614, Sp. C2 – RTOS for self-optimizing Systems (DFG)

TP²R² - Temporal Placement and Temporal Partition- ing of Reconfigurable Systems (DFG) eCUBES (EU Project): Research on micro-system- technologies to develop cost-efficient, miniaturized and autonomous systems for the field of ambient intelligence.

AIS (edacentrum Cluster Research Project) „Autonomous Integrated Systems“: Methods, Tools and Architectures for the Design of Autonomous Integrated Systems

SPRINT (EU IST): Sequential-to-pipelined refactoring of interacting tasks.

IMMOS (BMBF): Integrated Method for Model-based Control Unit Development. 106 Workgroups

Workgroup System and Circuit Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert

Hoffmann, S.; Pfau, T.; Adamczyk, O.; Peveling, R.; Paiz, C.; Chinapirom, T.; Witkowski, U.; Porrmann, Publications Porrmann, M.; Noé, R.: Hardware-Efficient and M.: Dynamically Reconfigurable Hardware for Brinkmann, A.; Effert, S.; Heidebuer, M.; Vodisek, Phase Noise Tolerant Digital Synchronous QPSK Autonomous Mini-Robots. In: 32nd Annual Confer- M.: Influence of Adaptive Data Layouts on Perfor- Receiver Concept. In: Coherent Optical Technologies ence of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society mance in dynamically changing Storage Environ- and Applications (COTA 2006),on CD, OSA, Whistler, (IECON-2006), on CD, Paris, France, November ments. In: Proceedings of the The 14th Euromicro BC, Canada, 28th - 30th June 2006. 2006. Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network based Processing (2006), pp. 155-162, Montbe- Hoffmann, S.; Pfau, T.; Peveling, R.; Bhandare, S.; Paiz, C.; Pohl, C.; Porrmann, M.: Hardware-in-the- liard-Sochaux, France, February 2006. Adamczyk, O.; Porrmann, M.; Noé, R.: Synchrone Loop Simulations for FPGA-Based Digital Control 1,6-Gbit/s-QPSK-Datenübertragung in Echtzeit mit Design. In: Informatics in Control, Automation and Brinkmann, A.; Effert, S.; Heidebuer, M.; Vodisek, DFB-Lasern. In: Workshop der ITG Fachgruppe 5.3.1. Robotics, Vol. 3, Springer-Verlag, 2006, Accepted for M.: Realizing Multilevel Snapshots in Dynamically Modellierung photonischer Komponenten und Sys- publication. Changing Virtualized Storage Environments. In: 5th teme, pp. 21-27, Nürnberg, Germany, 17. - 18. Juli International Conference on Networking (ICN), on 2006. Paiz, C.; Pohl, C.; Porrmann, M.: Reconfigurable CD, Springer Verlag LNCS, Mauritius, 23th - 26th Hardware in-the-Loop Simulations for Digital Control April 2006. Jäger, B.; Porrmann, M; Rückert, U.: Bio-Inspired Design. In: 3rd International Conference on Infor- Massively Parallel Architectures for Nanotechnolo- matics in Control. Automation and Robotics Eickhoff, R.; Kaulmann, T.; Rückert, U.: SIRENS: A gies. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Sym- (ICINCO), pp. 39-46, Setubal, Portugal August 2006. Simple Reconfigurable Neural Hardware Structure posium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 2006), pp. for artificial neural network implementations. In: 1961 - 1964, Island of Kos, Greece, May 21 - 24, Pfau, T.; Hoffmann, S.; Peveling, R.; Bhandare, S.; Proceedings of the 2006 International Joint Confer- 2006. Adamczyk, O.; Noé, R.; Achiam, Y.: 1.6 Gbit/s Real- ence on Neural Networks (IJCNN), on CD, Vancouver. Time Synchronous QPSK Transmission with Stan- Canada, 16th - 21st July 2006. Kaiser, I.; Gausemeier, J.; Kaulmann, T.; Witkowski, dard DFB Lasers. In: Proc. 32nd European Confer- U.: Integrative Entwicklung räumlicher ence on Optical Communication (ECOC 2006), Eickhoff, R.; Rückert, U.: Enhancing Fault Tolerance spritzgegossener Schaltungsträger am Beispiel Cannes, France, September 24th - 28th 2006. of Radial Basis Functions. In: Proceedings of the eines Miniroboters. In: 4. Paderborner Workshop 2006 International Joint Conference on Neural Net- „Entwurf mechatronischer Systeme“, pp. 353-369, Pfau, T.; Hoffmann, S.; Peveling, R.; Bhandare, S.; works (IJCNN), on CD, Vancouver, Canada, 16th - 30. - 31. März 2006. Ibrahim, K.; Adamczyk, O.; Porrmann, M.; Noé, R.; 21st July 2006. Achiam, Y.: First Real-Time Data Recovery for Syn- Kalte, H.; Porrmann, M.: REPLICA2Pro: Task Reloca- chronous QPSK Transmission with Standard DFB Eickhoff, R.; Rückert, U.: Pareto-optimal noise and tion by Bitstream Manipulation in VIRTEX-II/Pro Lasers. IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, vol. approximation properties of RBF networks. In: Kol- FPGAs. In Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on 18(18), pp. 1907-1909, September 2006. lias, S.; Stafylopatis, A.; Duch, W.; Oja, E. Ed.: Pro- Computing Frontiers, pp. 403-412, Ischia, Italy, May ceedings of the 16th International Conference on 03 - 05, 2006. Pfau, T.; Hoffmann, S.; Peveling, R.; Ibrahim, S.; Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN), pp. 993-1002, Adamczyk, O.; Porrmann, M.; Bhandare, S.; Noé, R.; Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, Athens, Greece, 10th - Kaulmann, T.; Chinapirom, T.; Witkowski, U.; Rück- Achiam, Y.: Synchronous QPSK Transmission at 1.6 14th September 2006. ert, U.: Universal mini-robot with micro-processor Gbit/s with Standard DFB Lasers and Real-time Digi- and reconfigurable hardware. Proceedings of FIRA tal Receiver. IEE Electronic Letters, Volume 42, Num- Eickhoff, R.; Rückert, U.: Robustness of Radial Basis RoboWorld Congress, pp. 137-142, 30th June - 1st ber 20, pp. 1175-1176, September 2006. Functions. Neurocomputing, 2006, zur Veröf- July 2006. fentlichung angenommen. Porrmann, M.; Niemann, J.-C.: Teaching Reconfig- Kettelhoit, B.; Porrmann, M.: A Layer Model for Sys- urable Computing –Theory and Practice. 1st Interna- Eickhoff, R.; Sitte, J.; Rückert, U.: Robust Local Clus- tematically Designing Dynamically Reconfigurable tional Workshop on Reconfigurable Computing Edu- ter Neural Networks. In: Proceedings of the 14th Systems. In: Proceedings of the 16th International cation, on CD, Karlsruhe, Germany, 1st March, European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Appli- 2006. (ESANN), pp. 119-124, M. Verleysen Edition, cations, pp. 547-552, Madrid, Spain, 28th - 30th Brugges, Belgium, 26th - 28th April 2006. August 2006. Sauer, C.; Gries, M.; Dirk, S.; Niemann, J.-C.; Por- rmann, M.; Rückert, U.: A Lightweight NoC for the Griese, B.; Kettelhoit, B.; Porrmann, M.: Evaluation Köster, M.; Kalte, H.; Porrmann M.: Relocation and NOVA Packet Processing Platform. In: Design, of on-chip interfaces for dynamically reconfigurable Defragmentation for Heterogeneous Reconfigurable Automation and Test in Europe DATE, Future Inter- coprocessors. In: Proceedings of the 5th Interna- Systems. In: Proceedings of the International Con- connect and Network-on-Chip (NoC) Workshop, on tional Symposium on Parallel Computing in Electri- ference on Engineering of Reconfigurable Systems CD, Munich, Germany, 6th - 10th March 2006. cal Engineering, pp. 214-219, Bialystok, Poland, 13. and Algorithms (ERSA '06), pp. 70-76, CSREA Press, - 17. September 2006. Las Vegas, USA, 27th - 30th June 2006. Sauer, C.; Gries, M.; Niemann, J.; Porrmann, M.; Thies, M.: Application-driven Development of Con- Griese, B.; Porrmann, M.: A Reconfigurable Ethernet Köster, M.; Kalte, H.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.: current Packet Processing Platforms. In: 5th Interna- Switch for Self-Optimizing Communication Systems. Defragmentation Algorithms for Partially Reconfig- tional Symposium on Parallel Computing in Electri- In: Proceedings of the IFIP Conference on Biologi- urable Hardware. IFIP International Federation for cal Engineering, pp. 55-61, Bialystok, Poland, 13th - cally Inspired Cooperative Computing (BICC 2006), Information Processing Series 2006, Accepted for 17th September 2006. pp. 115-124, Santiago de Chile, Chile, 20th - 25th publication. August 2006. Tanoto, A.; Du, J. L.; Kaulmann, T.; Witkowski, U.: Niemann, J.-C.; Puttmann, C.; Porrmann, M., Rück- MPEG-4-Based Interactive Visualization as an Analy- Grünewald, M.; Meyer auf der Heide, F.; Rührup, U.; ert, U.: GigaNetIC – A Scalable Embedded On-Chip sis Tool for Experiments in Robotics. In: MSV'06-The Schindelhauer, C.; Volbert, K.: Directional Communi- Multiprocessor Architecture for Network Applica- 2006 International Conference on Modeling, Simu- cation in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. In: New Trends in tions. In: ARCS'06 Architecture of Computing Sys- lation and Visualization Methods, pp. 186-192, Las Parallel & Distributed Computing. 6th International tems, pp. 268-282,13th - 16th March 2006. Vegas, Nevada, USA, 26th - 29th June 2006. Heinz Nixdorf Symposium, pp. 225-234, Paderborn, January 2006. Niemann, J.-C.; Puttmann, C.; Porrmann, M.; Rück- Tanoto, A.; Du, J. L.; Witkowski, U.; Rückert, U.: Tele- ert, U.: Resource efficiency of the GigaNetIC chip workbench: An Analysis Tool for Multi-Robotic Hagemeyer, J.; Kettelhoit, B.; Porrmann, M.: Dedi- multiprocessor architecture. In: Journal of Systems Experiments. In: Proceedings of the IFIP BICC 2006, cated Module Access in Dynamically Reconfigurable Architecture (JSA), special issue on Architectural pp. 179-188, Santiago, Chile, 20th - 25th August Systems. In: Proceedings of the 20th IEEE Interna- premises for pervasive computing, Accepted for 2006. tional Parallel and Distributed Processing Sympo- publication. sium, on CD, Rhodes Island, Greece, 25th - 29th April 2006. Additional Activities 107

Witkowski, U.; Chinapirom, T.; Rückert, U.: Self-Ori- The project is part of the Collaborative Research entation of Soccer Robots in Soccer Pitch by Identi- Centre 614 of the DFG. fying Pitch Lines. Proceedings of FIRA RoboWorld Congress, pp. 13-18, Dortmund, Germany, 30th Information Technology for Match Analysis and June – 1st July 2006. Training Control in Sports In cooperation with the department Sports Medicine Xu, F.; Rückert, U.: Neighborhood Discovery and (Prof. Weiß) of the University of Paderborn a novel MAC Protocol for MANETs using a Low Complexity method for match analysis is developed. The Directional Scheme. In: Proceedings of World Mobile method is based on the simultaneous acquisition of Congress (WMC’06), on CD, Beijing, China, 9th - physiological data of the players and data from a 11th October 2006. tracking system.

Xu, F.; Rückert, U.: Neighbourhood Discovery and Crypto-Hardware MAC Protocol for MANETs using the Multiple-direc- In cooperation with the working group „Computer tional-antennas Scheme. In: Proceedings of VDE Security“ of Prof. von zur Gathen at the University of Kongress-ITG Fachtagung „Mobility”, pp. 151-156, Bonn we are developing resource efficient hard- Aachen, Germany, 23rd - 25th October 2006. ware-software solutions for cryptography using elliptical curves. The project is supported by the DFG Fairs/Conferences/Seminars Presentation of the Project NGN-PlaNetS (Next Gen- MxMobile eration Networks – Platforms for Networked Ser- In cooperation with the working group „Program- vices) at the booth of the Federal Ministry of Educa- ming Languages and Compilers”, Prof. Kastens, and tion and Research (BMBF), CeBIT 2006 in Hannover further partners from research institutes and from industry, a resource-efficient VLIW processor for multiband multistandard mobile communication is Prizes/Awards developed. The project is funded by the Federal Research award 2006 of University of Paderborn for Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Dr. Ulf Witkowski; Project: „Information technology for match analysis and training control in sports“ NGN-PlaNetS In the context of the BMBF project „PlaNets – Plat- forms for Networked Services“, new concepts for Berufungen/Beiräte parallel packet processors are developed and ana- Director of the DFG Graduate College „Automatic lyzed in cooperation with the working group „Pro- Configuration in Open Systems“ gramming Languages and Compilers”, Prof. Kas- Associate Dean of the Faculty for Computer Sci- tens, Infineon Technologies, and additional indus- ence, Electrical Engineering and Mathematics trial partners. Member of the „International Graduate School of Dynamic Intelligent Systems” Committee Resource-Efficient Function Approximator for Member of the Advisory Council of the C-LAB Autonomous Systems Member of the Advisory Council of the L-LAB Based on analog circuit technology, a microelec- Member of the Advisory Council of the PC² (Pader- tronic module is being developed for the resource- born Center for Parallel Computing) efficient implementation of a function approximator Member of the Advisory Council of the PaSCo for autonomous systems. This is done in coopera- (Paderborn Institute for Scientific Computation) tion with Professor Sitte, Queensland University of Chairman of the Special Interest Group Technology, Australia. „Mikroelektronik neuronaler Netze“ of the ITG (Information Technology Society) Routing Nodes for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (Manets) Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Information Technol- It is the aim of this project to design a resource-effi- ogy, QUT, Brisbane, Australia cient one-chip system, which facilitates the operation of Manets on the basis of an adaptive communication process that has been worked out in coop- Current Research Projects eration with Professor Meyer auf der Heide’s EMBond research group. This project is part of the Collabora- In cooperation with the Hesse & Knipps GmbH, the tive Research Centre 376 of the DFG. project EMBond – embedded microelectronics for wire bonders – targets the development of new con- RTOS for Self-Optimising Systems cepts to enhance wire bonders by means of efficient In cooperation with the working group „Design of microelectronic solutions. Parallel Systems” of Prof. Rammig, we develop a realtime communication and operating system for GUARDIANS distributed self-optimizing systems. This project is Aim of this project is the development of an part of the Collaborative Research Centre 614 of the autonomous mobile robot team to support fire fight- DFG. ers in fire-fighting in large industrial warehouses. The robot team supports fire fighters in exploration synQPSK of the building and provides communication and In cooperation with the working group „Optical positioning facilities. Besides the research group Communication and High-Frequency Engineering” of System and Circuit Technology eight european part- Professor Noé, University of Paderborn, this project ners are involved. targets the development of key components for „Synchronous Optical Quadrature Phase Shift Key- Hardware Reconfiguration ing Transmission”. In this project we analyse and implement principles of hardware reconfiguration of microelectronic components in self-optimising mechatronic systems. 108 Workgroups

Workgroup Mechatronics and Dynamics Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Wallaschek

Impact Systems, Loughborough, UK, 20-22 July tures and Materials 2006 - Damping and Isolation, Publications 2006; Elsevier, 2006 (in print), ISSN 0022-460X. SPIE, 2006, Vol. 6169, Nr. 616909; pp. 45-54. Amelunxen, H.; Brökelmann, M.; Hemsel, T.; Wal- laschek, J.: Resonant vibrating sensors for tactile tis- Potthast, C.; Twiefel, J.; Wallaschek, J.: Modelling Völker, S.: Leuchtdichte oder Beleuchtungsstärke – sue differentiation. In: Journal of Sound and Vibra- and analysis of a novel ultrasonic percussion drill eine Einführung in die automobile Lichttechnik. In: tion, 1st International Conference on Vibro-Impact using the finite element method. In: Journal of Automobile Lichttechnik, Haus der Technik, Essen, Systems, Loughborough, UK, 20-22 July 2006; Else- Sound and Vibration, 1st International Conference 13-14 February 2006. vier, 2006 (in print), ISSN 0022-460X. on Vibro-Impact Systems, Loughborough, UK, 20-22 July 2006, Elsevier, 2006 (in print), ISSN 0022- Völker, S.: Effect of the works of the CIE Division IV Brandt, T.; Sattel, T.; Wallaschek, J.: Towards vehicle 460X. on the evaluation of the quality features of road trajectory planning for collision avoidance using lighting. In: Interlumen, Internationale Tagung der elastic bands. In: International Journal of Vehicle Raphael, S.; Völker, S.: Mesopische Photometrie CIE, Braunschweig, 16-17 June 2006. Autonomous Systems, 2006 (in print). basierend auf ortsaufgelöster Leucht- dichtemesstechnik. In: Licht 2006-Tagung, Bern, 10- Völker, S.: Außenbeleuchtung und Kraftfahrzeug- Gausemeier, J.; Wallaschek, J.; Rammig, F. J.; 13 September 2006, CD-ROM. beleuchtung – zwei getrennte Welten? In: Licht Schäfer, W.; Trächtler, A. (Eds.): Entwurf mechatron- 2006-Tagung, Bern, 10-13 September 2006, CD- ischer Systeme. Paderborn: University of Paderborn, Richter, B.; Niggemann, E.; Wallaschek, J.: Design of ROM. Heinz Nixdorf Institute, Verlagsschriftenreihe, 2006, a Piezoelectric Powered Wireless Sensor. In: REM 06 Vol. 189, ISBN 3-939350-08-7. - Research and Education in Mechatronics, Stock- Wallaschek, J.; Hemsel, T.; Mracek, M. (Eds.): Pro- holm, Sweden, 15-16 June 2006. ceedings of 2nd International Workshop on Piezo- Giese, H.; Montealegre, N.; Müller, T.; Oberthür, S.; electric Materials and Applications in Actuators. Schulz, B.: Acute stress response for self-optimizing Richter, B.; Niggemann, E.; Wallaschek, J.: Feasibil- Paderborn: University of Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf mechatronic systems. In: IFIP Conference on Biologi- ity of Wireless Sensors in Industrial Application Institute, Verlagsschriftenreihe, 2006, Vol. 180, cally Inspired Cooperative Computing, 2006. using Energy Harvesting Methods. In: Mechatronics ISBN3-935433-89-1. 2006, 4th IFAC Symposium on Mechatronic Sys- Hesse, T.; Shadeed, H.; Götz, M.; Strauß, S.; Wal- tems, 12-14 September 2006, Heidelberg, Ger- Wallaschek, J.; Locher, J.; Strauß, S.: Lichttechnische laschek, J.: Concept of an active front-lighting driver many; Preprints, VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Mess- und Fahrerassistenz. In: ATZ - Automobiltechnische assistance system. In: Mechatronics 2006, 4th IFAC Automatisierungstechnik, TU Dresden, 2006, pp. Zeitschrift; Vieweg Verlag /GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Symposium on Mechatronic Systems, 12-14 Sep- 455-460, CD-ROM. 2006, 108 Jg., No. 3, pp. 204-211, ISSN 0001-2785. tember 2006, Heidelberg, Germany; Preprints, VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierung- Richter, B.; Wickord, W.; Wallaschek, J.: State of the Wallaschek, J.: Kapitel 18: Sensoren und Aktoren. stechnik; TU Dresden, 2006, pp. 1006-1011, CD- art and development trends in wireless sensor In: Steinhilper, W.; Sauer, B. (Eds.): Konstruktions- ROM. applications using energy harvesting. In: Mecha- elemente des Maschinenbaus 2 – Grundlagen. tronics 2006, 4th IFAC Symposium on Mechatronic Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 2006, Vol. 2, pp. Kliebisch, D.; Völker, S.: Die Erkennbarkeitsentfer- Systems, 12-14 September 2006, Heidelberg, Ger- 665-706, ISBN 3-540-29629-8. nung – Neue Methoden der Scheinwerferbewertung. many; Preprints, VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Mess- und In: Licht 2006-Tagung, Bern, 10-13 September Automatisierungstechnik, TU Dresden, 2006, pp. Walther, M.; Müller, T.; Wallaschek, J.: Optimisation 2006, CD-ROM. 1029-1034, CD-ROM. of mechatronic systems using dependability oriented design methods. In: 2nd International Confer- Littmann, W.; Hemsel, T.: Laservibrometer: Die Sattel, T.; Brandt, T.: Ein Beitrag zur interaktiven ence MSM - Mechatronic Systems and Materials, Augen der Ultraschalltechnik. In: 9. Vibrometersemi- Querführungsassistenz von Kraftfahrzeugen. In: VDI- Cracow, Poland, 31 August - 3 September, 2006. nar, Waldbronn, 17-18 October 2006. Berichte: Integrierte Sicherheit und Fahrerassisten- zsysteme - 22. Internationale VDI/VW Gemein- Löper, C.; Schomerus J.; Brandt, T.; Flemisch, F.; Sat- schaftstagung, Wolfsburg, 12-13 Oktober 2006, Dissertations tel, T.,: Bahnplanung, Bahnführung und haptische Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag, 2006, Vol. 1960, ISBN 3-18- Halfmeier, S.: Modellierung und Regelung von Interaktion für ein Fahrerassistenzsystem zur Quer- 091960-4. Halbtoroidvariatoren in leistungsverzweigten führung. In: VDI-Berichte: Integrierte Sicherheit und Getriebestrukturen. Paderborn: University of Pader- Fahrerassistenzsysteme - 22. Internationale VDI/VW Sprenger, R.; Friese, K.: Blickbewegungsmessungen born, Heinz Nixdorf Institute, HNI-Verlagsschriften- Gemeinschaftstagung, Wolfsburg, 12-13 October als Methode zur Beschreibung von Nutzungsstrate- reihe, 2006, Band 202, ISBN 978-3-939350-21-7. 2006; Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag, 2006, Vol. 1960, gien bei Fahrerassistenzsystemen. In: VDI Wissens- ISBN 3-18-091960-4. forum (Eds.): Integrierte Sicherheit und Fahrerassis- Kauschke, R.: Systematik zur lichttechnischen tenzsysteme. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag, 2006, pp. 35- Gestaltung von aktiven Scheinwerfern. Paderborn: Müller, T.; Wallaschek, J.: General Concepts for 46. University of Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institute, Dependability in the Design of Mechatronic Sys- HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, 2006. tems. In: REM 06 - Research and Education in Twiefel, J.; Potthast, C.; Mracek, M.; Hemsel, T.; Sat- Mechatronics, Stockholm, Sweden, 15-16 June tel, T.; Wallaschek, J.: Experimental and Theoretical Kuhl, Patrick: Anpassung der Lichtverteilung des 2006. Analysis on Ultrasonic Micro-Impact Processes. In: Abblendlichtes an den vertikalen Straßenverlauf. 3rd International Workshop on Piezoelectric Materi- Paderborn: University of Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Neumann, N.; Sattel; T.; Wallaschek, J.: On set-ori- als and Applications in Actuators, IWPMA 2006, 18- Institute, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, 2006, Band ented numerical methods for global analysis of non- 21 June 2006, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey 195; ISBN 3-939350-14-1. smooth mechanical system. In: Proceedings of (in print). Mathematical Methods in Engineering, International Fairs/Conferences/Seminars Symposium, Cankaya University, Ankara, Türkei; Twiefel, J.; Richter, B.; Sattel, T.; Wallaschek, J.: Springer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 975-6734-04-3. Power Output Estimation and Experimental Valida- Conference „Automobile Lichttechnik”, Haus der tion for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems. In: Technik, Essen, 13rd - 14th February 2006 Neumann, N.; Sattel, T.; Wallaschek, J.: On set-ori- 3rd International Workshop on Piezoelectric Materi- ented numerical methods for global analysis of non- als and Applications in actuators, IWPMA 2006, 18- Conference „LED in der Lichttechnik”, Haus der smooth mechanical system. In: Journal of Vibration 21 June 2006, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey Technik, presentation of the L-LAB, Essen, 7th - 8th and Control, 2006 (accepted). (in print). March 2006

Neumann, N.; Sattel, T.: Set-oriented numerical Twiefel, J.; Richter, B.; Hemsel, T.; Wallaschek, J.: Workshop „Intelligente mechatronische Systeme”, analysis of a vibro-impact drilling system with sev- Model-based design of piezoelectric energy harvest- Heinz Nixdorf Institute, Paderborn, 30th - 31st eral contact interfaces. In: Journal of Sound and ing systems. In: Clark, W. W.; Ahmadian, M.; Lums- March 2006 Vibration, 1st International Conference on Vibro- daine; A. (Eds.): Proceedings of SPIE, Smart Struc- Additional Activities 109

„3rd International Workshop on Piezoelectric Mate- Self-sensing piezoactuators with integrated sen- rials and Applications in Actuators”, Eskisehir, Current Research Projects sors. Turkey, 18th - 21st June 2006 L-LAB – Research Centre for Lighting Technology and The project applies the principle of „self-sensing” Mechatronics. and integrated sensors to monitor piezoactuators. 3rd Korean-German Science and Technology Sum- The L-LAB is run as a Public Private Partnership in This research develops piezoelectric transducers mit, Seoul, Korea, 30th October - 1st November cooperation with Hella KGaA Hueck & Co. L-LAB with integrated sensors, creates prototypes and 2006 works on interdisciplinary projects that can be examines these through experimentation to obtain largely assigned to the field of basic research and to most precise and robust concepts for recording Annual Conference of the European Society of Preci- technology development. Transfer projects serve to measurement data. sion Engineering and Nanotechnology (EUSPEN), produce technology demonstrators and Supported by: Industry Baden, Austria, 29th May - 1st June 2006 lighting/illumination prototypes with a lead time of 1 to 2 generations. Automated collision avoidance. L-LAB Summerschool „Futures for automotive light- Supported by: State of North Rhine-Westphalia The project studies driver assistance methods built ing caught between technology and human factors (NRW)/Donors' Association for the Promotion of Sci- to help drivers in accident-prone situations. The – Where are the real improvements?”, Altastenberg, ence and the Humanities in Germany (Stifterver- whole breadth of methods are systematically exam- 18th - 22nd September 2006 band)/Hella/University of Paderborn. ined, from automatic emergency brake through to automatic co-pilots with accident (collision) avoid- VDI Mechatronik-Workshop „Innovation im Maschi- NBP – Neue Bahntechnik Paderborn (railcab). ance functions. nenbau durch Systemintegration”, 26th - 27th Sep- In this collaborative project the main focus of our Supported by: L-LAB, Graduate School of Intelligent tember 2006, Mannheim activities is: sophisticated undercarriage and switch Dynamic Systems, Lenze Foundation technology, condition monitoring, overall-system optimisation, and safety and reliability. Actuators made of shape memory alloys. Prizes/Awards Supported by: State of North Rhine-Westphalia The project examines basic material samples and Deutscher Verkehrssicherheitspreis 2006” - Dr. (NRW)/University of Paderborn specimens and commercial motors as a basis for Stephan Völker for his research about optimzation modelling actuators made of shape memory alloys. of headlamps by the „Bundesverkehrsminister” Active lighting systems. Based on this model, it aims to develop design Wolfgang Tiefensee during the 6th ADAC/BASt-Sym- This project aims to assess and develop new optical methods and create prototypes. posium „Sicher fahren in Europa” in Baden-Baden. concepts for active headlamps. Active headlamps Supported by: Industry represent an advanced development of the adaptive Miele-Award - Tobias Hesse for the best diploma front-lighting systems that are already in pre-series Vibration-assisted deep hole drilling. holder of the faculty of mechanical engineering. and series development today. They allow a free This project aims to develop a system for overlaying choice of light distribution from the vehicle. deep hole drilling processes with ultrasonic vibra- Supported by: L-LAB tions for better drilling results and greater efficiency. Additional Functions Working in cooperation with the Institute for Chairman of L-LAB, PublicPrivatePartnership of Developing piezoelectric linear drives. Machine Tools at the University of Stuttgart, we are Hella KGaA Hueck & Co. and the University of This research project develops micromotors that studying what kinds of vibration are best suited for Paderborn, Research Centre for Lighting Technol- generate linear movements in much the same way this and which ultrasound generators are capable of ogy and Mechatronics as piezoelectric vibration drives do. This involves producing stable ultrasonic vibrations. Member of the national advisory council on several motors working together to form an auto- Supported by: German Research Foundation (DFG) Mechanical Vibration of the VDI / DIN matically coordinated overall system made up of Spokesman of the Competence Network „LED in individual motors that automatically configure Mesopic vision. NRW” themselves to produce their ideal operational state. The project deals with visual perception in poor Board member of the OpTechNet e.V. Supported by: German Research Foundation (DFG) light conditions (twilight/dawn). This light range Board member of the Graduate School of Dynamic and the physiological changes it causes in the eye Intelligent Systems FEM-modelling of piezoelectric vibration drives. present particular challenges for luminance meas- Board member of the PaSCo (Paderborn Institute This project develops computational methods for urement systems. Besides developing a perception- for Scientific Computation) piezoelectric vibration drives in order to make it adapted luminance measurement system for use in Board member of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute possible, in particular, to study resonance actuated poor but not dark lighting conditions (mesopic Member of the Editorial Advisory Board des Inter- systems. vision), a model is also being developed to predict national Journal of Vehicle Autonomous Systems Supported by: German Research Foundation (DFG); the detection distance of headlamps. PaSCo Supported by: L-LAB, CIE

Spin-Offs Vibrations in headlight systems. LED headlamps ATHENA Technologie Beratung GmbH Based on the mechanical modelling of headlight This research aims to use the rapid switching of The ATHENA Technologie Beratung GmbH offers sci- systems, the project aims to develop vibration opti- LEDs in order, in combination with the time-variable entific and business consultancy as well as engi- misation tools and to improve the vibration behav- optical properties of lighting systems, to generate a neering services in the field of mechatronics and iour of headlamps. The research concentrates on dynamic, variable illuminance distribution. Sup- new technologies. ATHENA provides feasibility stud- coupling FEM and MBS simulation with experimen- ported by: L-LAB, Graduate School of Dynamic Intel- ies and technical expertise, monitors the progress tal modal analysis. ligent Systems of new technologies, supports the technology and Supported by: L-LAB innovation management and develops strategies for NanoLux lighting - white LEDs in the field of lighting patent management. For further information see: and illumination. http://www.myATHENA.de This collaborative project aims to develop and use Analysis of non-linear dynamic systems using setori- white LEDs in the field of lighting and illumination, PADERSONIC GmbH ented methods. i.e. for applications in which large lumen packages The Padersonic GmbH develops, builds and markets The project aims to develop an efficient and general (<1000 lm) are needed. mechatronic systems, in particular in the areas of method to support engineers when analysing Supported by: BMBF, Industry piezo actuators, sensors, optical systems and dynamic systems involving extensive non-linearity. image processing. It also develops customer-spe- Using set-oriented numerical methods it is possible VisSim cific software and hardware solutions for control to draw conclusions on the structure of attractors as The scope of a target agreement reached between engineering. well as on the absorption and observation probabil- the University of Paderborn and the State of North ities in the system's state space. Rhine-Westphalia includes plans to establish a Cen- Supported by: German Research Foundation (DFG); tre of Excellence on „Distributed Visualisation and PaSCo Simulation” (VisSim). The first application created is a virtual environment to study driver assistance sys- 110 Workgroups

tems designed particularly for night driving. The pro- Collaborative Reserach Centre (SFB) 614 „Self-Opti- gram will be integrated into the L-LAB's driving sim- mizing Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engi- ulator and will be synchronised with measurement neering”. instruments, such as an eye-tracking system and The aim is to explore the basic principles and poten- biosignal recording devices. tial of self-optimization, to verify the results using Supported by: University of Paderborn demonstrators and to support development using a comprehensive development methodology. The Detection distance of vehicle headlamps. workgroup plays a leading role in the subproject D1 This project aims to produce a model for reliably „Selfoptimizing Functionmoduls” and manages the predicting the detection distance of vehicle head- working group „saftey and stability”. lamps. This work includes vision experiments in the Supported by: German Research Foundation (DFG) lab and in the light tunnel. The project will also check whether vision models for homogenous fields are applicable to inhomogeneous headlamp illuminance distributions. Supported by: L-LAB, Graduate School of Dynamic Intelligent Systems

Workgroup Parallel Computing Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien

The Price of Anarchy for Polynomial Social Cost tional Results Publications Theoretical Computer Science, to appear Proc. of the 5th International Workshop on Experi- mental Algorithms (WEA 2006), To Appear Elsässer, R., Lorenz, U., Sauerwald, T. LNCS 4007, pp. 195-206, 2006 Dumrauf, D., Gairing, M. Agent-Based Randomized Broadcasting in Large Price of Anarchy for Polynomial Wardrop Games Networks Meyerhenke, H., Monien, B., Schamberger, S., Proc. of the 2nd Workshop on Internet and Network Discrete Applied Mathematics, to appear (special Schroeder, U.-P. Economics (WINE 2006), to appear issue for invited MFCS'04 papers), to appear On Balancing of Dynamic Networks New Trends in Parallel & Distributed Computing, Donninger, C., Lorenz, U. Lorenz, U., Tscheuschner, T. Proc. of the 6th International Heinz-Nixdorf Sympo- Innovative Opening-Book Handling Player Modelling, Search Algorithms and Strategies sium, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Vol. 181, pp. 171- Proc. Advances in Computer Games (ACG) 11, to in Multi Player Games. 181, 2006 appear Proc. Advances in Computer Games (ACG) 11, to appear Bienkowski, M., Gairing, M., Kliewer, G., Meyer auf Lorenz, U., Tscheuschner, T. der Heide, F. Player Modelling, Search Algorithms and Strategies Monien, B., Preis, R., Schamberger, S. Universal Basic Services for Parallel Systems in Multi Player Games Approximation Algorithms for Multilevel Graph Parti- New Trends in Parallel & Distributed Computing, Proc. Advances in Computer Games (ACG) 11, to tioning Proc. of the 6th International Heinz-Nixdorf Sympo- appear Handbook of Approximation Algorithms and Meta- sium, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Vol. 181, pp. 154- heuristics, Taylor & Francis, to appear 170, 2006 Elsässer, R., Lorenz, U., Sauerwald, T. Agent-Based Information Handling in Large Net- Elsässer, R., Sauerwald, T. Aland, S., Dumrauf, D., Gairing, M., Monien, B., works On the runtime and robustness of randomized Schoppmann, F. Discrete Applied Mathematics, to appear broadcasting Exact Price of Anarchy for Polynomial Congestion Proc. of the 17th International Symposium on Algo- Games Elsässer, R. rithms and Computations (ISAAC), to appear Proc. of the 23rd International Symposium on Toward the Eigenvalue Power Law Thoretical Aspects of Computer Science Proc. of the 31st International Symposium on Math- (STACS 2006), LNCS 3884, pp. 218-229, 2006 ematical Foundations of Computer Science 2006 (MFCS'06), to appear Meyerhenke, H., Schamberger, S. Meyerhenke, H., Monien, B., Schamberger, S. A Parallel Shape Optimizing Load Balancer Accelerating Shape Optimizing Load Balancing for Elsässer, R. Proc. of EuroPar, (EUROPAR'06) LNCS 4128, pp. Parallel FEM Simulations by Algebraic Multigrid On the Communication Complexity of Randomized 232-242, 2006 Proc. of the 20th International Parallel and Distrib- Broadcasting in Random-Like Graphs uted Processing Symposium, (IPDPS'06), Proc. of the 18th ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Elsässer, R., Monien, B., Schamberger, S. 57 (CD), 2006 Algorithms and Architectures (SPAA'06), to appear Distributing Unit Size Workload Packages in Hetero- geneous Networks Elsässer, R., Gasieniec, L. Gairing, M., Monien, B., Woclaw, A. Journal of Graph Algorithms and Apllications, Vol Radio Communication in Random Graphs A Faster Combinatorial Approximation Algorithm for 10, pp. 51-68, 2006 Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 72, pp. Scheduling Unrelated Parallel Machines 490-506, 2006 Theoretical Computer Science, to appear Elsässer, R. On randomized broadcasting in power law networks Gairing, M., Monien, B., Tiemann, K. Gairing, M., Monien, B., Tiemann, K. Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium Routing (Un-) Splittable Flow in Games with Player- Selfish Routing with Incomplete Information on Distributed Computing (DISC), Specific Linear Latency Functions Theory of Computing Systems, to appear pp. 371-385, 2006 Proc. of the 33rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming Gairing, M., Lücking, T., Mavronicolas, M., Monien, Monien, B., Woclaw, A. (ICALP 2006), LNCS 4051, pp. 501-512, 2006 B. Scheduling Unrelated Parallel Machines: Computa- Additional Activities 111

Gairing, M., Lücking, T., Mavronicolas, M., sruhe (D), Universitat Polytecnica de Catalunya in puter, thus providing a proof-of-concept for our Monien, B. Barcelona (E), Universitat Pompeu Fabra in theoretical results. The Price of Anarchy for Restricted Parallel Links Barcelona (E), University of Cyprus (CY), Technische Parallel Processing Letters (PPL), 16(1), pp. 117- Univesität München (D), Charles University in 131, 2006 Prague (CZ), Wroclaw University of Technology Current Industry Co-operations (P), University of Cambridge (UK), Universite de „Use of Operations Research Procedures in Airline Aland, S., Dumrauf, D., Gairing, M., Monien, B., Paris-Sud XI (F), Swiss Federal Institute of Technol- Optimization” Schoppmann, F. ogy in Zürich (CH), Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Employer: Lufthansa Systems GmbH Exact Price of Anarchy for Polynomial Congestion Lausanne (CH). Games The objectives of the Integrated Project DELIS are: Proc. of the 23rd International Symposium on Theo- 1. To understand the structure, self organisation retical Aspects of Computer Science and dynamics of large scale information systems (STACS 2006), LNCS 3884, pp. 218-229, 2006 like the internet, the World Wide Web, peer-to- peer systems, with support of methods from sta- Bienkowski, M., Gairing, M., Kliewer, G., Meyer auf tistical physics. der Heide, F., Monien, B. 2. To provide methods, techniques and tools for Universal Basic Services for Parallel Systems controlling and optimizing such systems, using, New Trends in Parallel & Distributed Computing, among others, large scale optimization tech- Proc. of the 6th International Heinz-Nixdorf Sympo- niques and inspirations from biology. sium, HNI-Verlagschriftenreihe, Vol. 181, pp. 154- 3. To apply methods from market mechanism and 170, 2006 game theory in order to understand and to organize the competition of actors in the system for resources like bandwidth, computing power, data Fairs/Conferences/Seminars etc. 6th International Heinz Nixdorf Symposium, 4. To provide platforms for experiments and proto- 17.01.2006 - 18.01.2006 typical implementations of our findings, in order to test and compare them, and to make them 15th International Paderborn Computer Chess Tour- accessible. nament, 27.12.2006 - 30.12.2006 5. To demonstrate the capabilities of our methods, techniques and tools in two application areas of high scientific and economic impact. Additional Functions Member of the North-Rhine-Westphalia Academy EU-Project „ AEOLUS – Algorithmic Principles for of Science Building Efficient Overlay Computers” Member of the „acatech” (Council for Technical (FP6-015964) Sciences of the Union of German Academies of Partner: Centre National de la Recherche Scien- Sciences and Humanities)” tifique CNRS (F), Universita di Roma „La Sapienza” Chairman of the Board of the PC2 (I), Computer Science Institute in Patras (GR), Tele- Associated Member of the Board of the HNI com Italia Learning Services S.p.A. (I), Universita Member of the Board of the „Graduate School on degli studi di Salerno (I), Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamic Intelligent Systems” Informatik in Saarbrücken (D), University of Ioannina Member of the Board of the Graduate College (GR), Universite de Geneve (CH), Christian- „Automatische Konfigurierung in offenen Syste- Albrechts-Universitaet zu Kiel (D), Universita degli men” studi di Roma „Tor Vergata” (I), Universitat Polytec- Member of the Board of „Paderborn Institute for nica de Catalunya in Barcelona (E), National and Scientific Computation” (PaSCo) Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR), Universita degli studi di Padova (I), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zuerich (CH), Katholieke Universiteit Current Research Projects Leuven (B), Institut National de Recherche en Infor- DFG-Collaborative Research Centre „Massive Paral- matique et en Automatique (F), University of Cyprus lelism: Algorithms, Design Methods, Applications” (CY), Univerzita Karlova v Praze (CZ), Cybernetica AS (SFB 376) (Estonia). Sub-Project A2: Universal Basic Primitives The objectives of the Integrated Project AEOLUS are: Sub-Project A3: Balancing dynamic Networks: Foun- 1. To identify and study the important fundamental dations and Applications problems and investigate the corresponding algorithmic principles related to overlay computers DFG-Collaborative Research Centre „Self-Optimizing running on global computers. Systems of Mechanical Engineering” (SFB 614) 2. To identify the important functionalities such an Sub-Project A1: Model Orientated Self Optimization overlay computer should provide as tools to the programmer, and to develop, rigorously analyze DFG-Central Program „Algorithms for larger and and experimentally validate algorithmic methods more complex Networks” that can make these functionalities efficient, scal- Project: „Integration of Network Concepts and fleet able, fault-tolerant, and transparent to hetero- assignment in Flight planning” geneity. Research Area: Combinatorial Optimizations, Meta- 3. To provide improved methods for communication Heuristics, Airline Optimizations. and computing among wireless and possibly mobile nodes so that they can transparently EU-Project „ DELIS - Dynamically Evolving Large- become part of larger Internet-based overlay com- scale Information Systems” puter. (IST-001907) 4. To implement a set of functionalities, integrate Partner: Universita di Roma „La Sapienza” (I), Com- them under a common software platform (the puter Science Institute in Patras (GR), Telecom Italia Overlay Computer Platform) in order to provide Learning Services S.p.A. (I), Telenor Communication the basic primitives of an overlay computer, as AS (N), Universita di Bologna (I), Max-Planck-Institut well as build sample services on this overlay com- für Informatik in Saarbrücken (D), University of Karl- 112 Workgroups

Workgroup Applied Physics/Integrated Optics Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler

G. I. Stegeman, D. N. Christodoulides, S. Suntsov, K. Publications G. Makris, G. A. Siviloglou, R. Iwanow, R. Schiek, R. S.L. Jansen, D. van den Borne, B. Spinnler, S. Morendotti, A. Haché, H. Yang, G. Salamo, M. Sorel, Calabrò, H. Suche, P.M. Krummrich, W. Sohler, G.-D. Y. Min, and W. Sohler: „Spatial Solitons Along the Khoe, and H. de Waardt: „Optical phase conjugation Interface Between Discrete and Continuous Media”, for ultra long-haul phase-shift-keyed transmission”, Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting J. Lightw. Techn. 24, no. 1, 54 – 64 (2006) (LEOS 2006), Montreal/Canada, Oct./Nov. 2006, invited paper W. Sohler , W. Grundkötter, H. Herrmann, J. H. Lee, Y. H. Min, V. Quiring, H. Suche, R. Schiek, T. Pertsch, F. S. Reza, H. Herrmann, R. Ricken, V. Quiring, and Lederer, R. Iwanow, G. I. Stegeman, S. L. Jansen: W.Sohler: „Spectral characteristics of an integrated „All-optical wavelength conversion, parametric tunable frequency shifted feedback laser in erbium amplification, multiplexing, and switching in inte- doped lithium niobate”, Photonics 2006, Hyder- grated PPLN-devices”, 8th International Conf. on abad/India, December 2006 Transport Optical Networks (ICTON 2006), Notting- ham/UK, June 2006 H. Hu, R. Ricken, W. Sohler, and R.B. Wehrspohn: „Lithium niobate ridge waveguides fabricated by H. Hu, A.P. Milenin, R.B.Wehrspohn, H. Herrmann, wet etching”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters W. Sohler: „Plasma etching of proton-exchanged 2007 (to be published) lithium niobate”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, vol. 24, no. 4, 1012 (2006) W. Sohler, S. Orlov, W. Grundkötter, D. Hofmann, V. Quiring, R. Ricken, H. Suche: „Mid infrared inte- F. Gómez Agis, C. Ware, D. Erasme, R. Ricken, V. grated optical parametric generators and oscillators Quiring, and W. Sohler: „10-GHz clock recovery with periodically poled Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides”, using an optoelectronic phase-locked loop based Springer Book Mid-Infrared Coherent Sources and on three-wave mixing in periodically poled lithium Applications, M. Ebrahimzadeh and I.T. Sorokina, niobate”, IEEE Photon. Techn. Lett., vol. 18, nos. 13- eds., NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics 16, 1460 (2006) and Chemistry 2007 (to be published)

F. Gómez, C. Ware, D. Erasme, R. Ricken, V. Quiring, G. Berth, V. Quiring, W. Sohler, and A. Zrenner: and W. Sohler: „10 GHz clock recovery using an „Depth-resolved analysis of ferroelectric domain opto-electronic phase-locked loop based on four- structures in Ti:PPLN waveguides by nonlinear con- wave mixing in periodically-poled lithium niobate”, focal laser scanning microscopy”, paper EGAPD '8 – Proc. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO 161006, 2007 2006), Long Beach, May 2006 W. Sohler, W. Grundkötter, H. Herrmann, H. Hui, S.L. G. A. Siviloglou, K. G. Makris, R. Iwanow, R. Schiek, Jansen, J.H. Lee, Y.H. Min, V. Quiring, R. Ricken, S. D. N. Christodoulides, G. I. Stegeman, Y. Min, and W. Reza, H. Suche, and R.B. Wehrspohn: „All-Optical Sohler: „Discrete Quadratic Interface Solitons”, Signal Processing Devices with (Periodically Poled) Proc. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO Lithium Niobate Waveguides, OFC 2007 (invited) 2006), Long Beach, May 2006

V. Crozatier, G. Gorju, F. Bretenaker, J.-L. Le Gouët, I. Lorgeré, B. Krishna Das, and W. Sohler: „Highly Coherent Electronically Tunable Waveguide Extended Cavity Diode Laser”, Proc. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO 2006), Long Beach, May 2006

S.L. Jansen, D. van den Borne, P.M. Krummrich, H. Suche, W. Sohler, G.D. Khoe, and H. de Waardt: „Transmission of 42.8-Gbit/s RZ-DQPSK over 42x94.5-km SSMF spans using optical phase conjugation and EDFA only amplification”, Proc. ECOC 2006

V. Crozatier, B. Krishna Das, G. Gorju, F. Bretenaker, J.-L. Le Gouët,W. Sohler and I. Lorgeré: „Highly coherent electronically tunable waveguide extended cavity diode laser”, Proc. 9th Intern. Conf. on Hole Burning, Single Molecule and Related Spectro- scopies: Science and Applications (HBSM 2006), Aussois/France, June 2006

S. Reza, R. Ricken, V. Quiring, and W. Sohler: „Inte- grated frequency shifted feedback (FSF) laser for optical frequency domain ranging (OFDR)”, 2nd EPS- QEOD Europhoton Conference, Pisa/Italy, paper FrB7, September 2006

V. Crozatier, G. Gorju, J. L. Le Gouet, I Lorgere, F. Bretenaker, W. Sohler, B. Krishna: „Highly coherent electronically tunable waveguide extended cavity diode laser”, 2nd EPS-QEOD Europhoton Confer- ence, Pisa/Italy, paper TuE3, September 2006 Additional Activities 113

Workgroup Philosophy of Science and Technology Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus

Wittgenstein Symposium, pp. 275–277, Kirchberg Publications a.W. 2006. Current Research Projects Peckhaus, V.: Calculus Ratiocinator vs. Characteris- Dynamic Ontology and Cooperative Semantics, sup- tica Universalis? The Two Traditions in Logic, Revis- Reichenberger, A.: What is Time? Wittgenstein’s Crit- ported by the Heinz Nixdorf Institute (Peckhaus, ited. In: M. Beaney/E. H. Reck (eds.): Gottlob Frege: icism of Augustine’s Confusion of Two Different Con- Hagengruber, Reichenberger) Critical Assessments of Leading Philosophers, Vol. cepts of Time. In: F. Stadler/M. Stöltzner (eds.): Time 1: Frege’s Philosophy in Context, pp. 176-190, Rout- and History. Papers of the 28th International Scientific Biography of Ernst Zermelo (1871-1953), ledge: London/New York 2005. Wittgenstein Symposium, pp. 253–255, Kirchberg supported by DFG (Peckhaus) a.W. 2005. Peckhaus, V.: Psychologismus and the Distinction Co-editor the Oskar Becker edition project, sup- Between Discovery and Justification. In: J. Schick- Reichenberger, A.: Können Computer kreativ sein? ported by DFG (Peckhaus) ore/F. Steinle (eds.): Revisiting Discovery and Justifi- In: G. Abel (ed.): Kreativität: XX. Deutscher Kongress cation: Historical and Philosophical Perspectives on für Philosophie. 26.-30. September 2005 an der History of Women Philosophers and Scientists the Context Distinction, pp. 99-116, Springer: Dor- Technischen Universität Berlin. Sektionssbeiträge, (Hagengruber, Reichenberger, Rodrigues) drecht 2006. Vol. 2, pp. 245-256, Berlin: Univ.-verl. der TU Berlin 2005. Agency and Content in Dynamical Systems. Together Peckhaus, V.: Der Baum der Erkenntnis. In: M. with Prof. J. Scott Jordan (Illinois State University), Keuchen/H. Kuhlmann/H. Schroeter-Wittke (eds.): supported by DAAD (Ghin) Die besten Nebenrollen: 50 Porträts biblischer Fairs/Conferences/Seminars Randfiguren, pp. 58-63, Evangelische Ver- Colloquium Logicum 2006 of the Deutsche Vereini- The Limits of Scientific Knowledge: The Ignora- lagsanstalt: Leipzig 2006. gung für Mathematische Logik und Grundlagen- bimus-Dispute, supported by the University of forschung der exakten Wissenschaften, September Paderborn (Reichenberger) Peckhaus, V.: Die Aktualität der Logik als Organon. 22-24, 2006 in Bonn (Peckhaus) In: G. Abel (ed.): Kreativität: XX. Deutscher Kongress für Philosophie. 26.-30. September 2005 an der Third International Workshop on Philosophy and Technischen Universität Berlin. Kolloquiums- Informatics IFOMIS, May 3-4, 2006 in Saarbrücken beiträge, pp. 58-69, Felix Meiner Verlag: Hamburg (Hagengruber) 2006. SIG Philosophy and Informatics: 28th Conference on Peckhaus, V.: Predeductive Reasoning. In: C. Cel- Artificial Intelligence, Workshop 3, 11th September, lucci/P. Pecere (eds.): Demonstrative and Non- 2005 in Koblenz (Hagengruber) demonstrative Reasoning in Mathematics and Nat- ural Sciences. Workshop University of Rome 'La Workshop Philosophical Ontology in Information Sapienza', Rome, Villa Mirafiori, 16-17 June 2005, Systems, Building an Enterprise Ontology, February pp. 9-25, Edizioni dell'Università degli Studi di 5-13, 2005 University of Hamilton, New Zealand Cassino: Rom 2006. (Hagengruber)

Peckhaus, V.: 9 Reviews in: Mathematical Reviews Emilie du Châtelet und die deutsche Aufklärung. 2005. Zum 300. Geburtstag der Emilie du Châtelet (1706- 1749), September15-16, 2006 at Zentrum für Peckhaus, V.: 12 Reviews in: Zentralblatt für Mathe- Europäische Aufklärung in Potsdam (Hagengruber, matik und ihre Grenzgebiete 2005. Reichenberger, Hecht)

Hagengruber, R.: Algorithmus und Kreativität. In: G. Abel (ed.): Kreativität: XX. Deutscher Kongress für Additional Functions Philosophie. 26.-30. September 2005 an der Tech- Member of the managing board of the Deutsche nischen Universität Berlin. Sektionsbeiträge, Vol. 2, Vereinigung für Mathematische Logik und Grund- pp. 235-236, Berlin: Univ.-verl. der TU Berlin 2005. lagenforschung der exakten Wissenschaften (DVMLG) Hagengruber, R./Riss, U.: Knowledge Representa- Member of the scientific board of the Gesellschaft tion. In: G. Dodig-Crnkovic/S. Stuart (eds.): Comput- für Wissenschaftsgeschichte ing and Philosophy (Proceedings ECAP), Västerås, Permanent member of the German National Com- Sweden 2005. mittee of the Division for Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science in the German National Hagengruber, R.: Mapping the Multitude. Categories Committee of the Division of History of Science of in a Process Ontology. In: C.D. Althoff/A. Dengel/R. the International Union of the History and Philoso- Bergmann et al. (eds.): 3rd Conference Professional phy of Science Knowledge Management WM 2005, pp. 668-676, Editor-in-Chief of the journal History and Philoso- Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg/New York 2005. phy of Logic (Co-) editor of the journal Mathematische Semes- Hagengruber, R./Riss, U.: Knowledge in Action. In: terberichte G. Dodig-Crnkovic/S. Stuart (eds.): Computing, Phi- Review editor for the history of logic of the journal losophy and Cognitive Science, Cambridge Scholars Bulletin of Symbolic Logic Press: Cambridge 2006. Member of the editorial board of the journal The Review of Modern Logic Jordan, J.S./Ghin, M.: (Proto-) Consciousness as a Member of the editorial board of the journal Histo- Contextually Emergent Property of Self-Sustaining ria Mathematica Systems. In: Mind & Matter 4 (2006), No. 1, pp. 45- Member of the scientific committee of the journal 68. Philosophia Scientiae. Travaux d'histoire et de philosophie des sciences (Nancy) Reichenberger, A.: „The riddle does not exist”: Member of the scientific board of the journal Wittgenstein’s Philosophy Revisited in the Context Philosophisches Jahrbuch der Görres-Gesellschaft of the Ignorabimus-Dispute. In: G. Gasser/Ch. Kanz- Speaker of the Nano Future Forum Paderborn ian/E. Runggaldier (eds.): Cultures: Conflict – Analy- sis – Dialog. Papers of the 29 th International 114 LocationLageplan Map

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