HNI Annual Report 2008.Pdf

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HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE Interdisciplinary Research Center for Computer Science and Technology Fuerstenallee 11, D-33102 Paderborn Phone +49(0)5251|60 62 11 Fax +49(0)5251|60 62 12 http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE

Members of Board of Directors Professor Group: Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier (President)* Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier * Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil * Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus * Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Ansgar Trächtler * Members of Executive Board

Academic Staff: Dr. rer. nat. Matthias Fischer Christoph Wenzelmann

2008 Non-Academic Staff: Karsten Mette

Student Group: Simon Griwatz

Members of Curatorship

Annual Report Annual Report 2008 Nominated by Stiftung Westfalen: Dr.-Ing. Horst Nasko, Deputy Chairman of Stiftung Westfalen Heinz Paus, Mayor of the City Paderborn Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Hartwig Steusloff, Fraunhofer Institute for Information and Data Processing

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE Nominated by the University: University of Paderborn Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Thomas Lengauer Ph. D., Max-Planck-Institute for Informatics Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Nikolaus Risch, Rector of the University of Paderborn Prof. Dr. Holm Tetens, Freie Universität Berlin Fuerstenallee 11 D-33102 Paderborn Jointly nominated: Phone +49(0)5251|60 62 11 Prof. Dr. Otto K. Ferstl, Otto Friedrich University of Bamberg Fax +49(0)5251|60 62 12 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE Prof. Dr. Klaus Waldschmidt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt/Main http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de University of Paderborn

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE Prof. Dr.-Ing. Prof. E.h. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Dr. h.c. mult. Engelbert Westkämper, University of Stuttgart HNI_2008_U1_U6_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Titel.qxp 11.03.2009 12:37 Seite 113

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE

Academic Staff: Dr. rer. nat. Matthias Fischer Christoph Wenzelmann

2008 Non-Academic Staff: Karsten Mette

Student Group: Simon Griwatz

Members of Curatorship

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE Prof. Dr.-Ing. Prof. E.h. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Dr. h.c. mult. Engelbert Westkämper, University of Stuttgart HNI_2008_U1_U6_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Titel.qxp 11.03.2009 12:38 Seite 114

Statistics of the Institute

Academic Profile of the Interdisciplinary Institute Scientific Results and Publications 2 Magister Philosophie 2 Dr.rer.pol. 1 Magister Romanistik, Germanistik 196 Diploma-, Bachelor-, 4 M.Sc. Physik 2 Dipl.-Wirtschaftsingenieur/in Elektrotechnik Master Theses Publikationen 1 Juniorprofessor Dr. rer. nat. 3 Dr.-Physik 19 Dipl.-Ingenieur/in Elektrotechnik 7 Other academic degrees Habilitationen sonstige 11 Master Sc. Electrical Engineering 5 Dr.-Ing. Promotionen Dipl.-PŠd. Dipl.-Chem. 8 Dr. rer. nat. 227 Publications Imprint:Imprint: 28 Dipl.-Wirtschaftsingenieur/in Maschinenbau 9 Master Sc. Informatics 23 PhD Theses Diplom-,Studien-,Bachelor-,Masterarbeiten Dipl.-Meteorologe Publisher 8 Dipl.-Mathematiker/in Heinz Nixdorf Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier Magistra Romanistik, Germanistik (President)

14 Dipl.-Ingenieur/in Maschinenbau Magister Philosophie Editor & Coordination External Funds Dipl.-Inform. Helene Waßmann 4 Master Sc. Mechanical Engineering *estimated value Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 27 Third-party funds in Mill. EURO 1 Dipl.-Ingenieur/in Mechatronik Dipl.-Medienwissenschaftler E-mail: [email protected]

8 Contact 56 Dipl.-Informatik/in 15 Dipl.-Wirtschaftsinformatik/in Dipl.-Psych. Kerstin Hille 7 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Activities of Employees with PhD Juniorprofessor Dr. rer. nat. University of Paderborn (since Foundation of the Institute 1987) 6 Fuerstenalle 11 D-33102 Paderborn 5 Juniorprofessor Dr.-Ing. Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 11 80 Management Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 12 85 Scientific Research 4 http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de and Lectureship Dr.rer.pol. 3 Circulation 400 Copies 20 Self-employed Dr.-Physik 2 Realisation and Production Kirsten Schauerte 1 Dr.-Phil. Svenja Kies 156 Industrial Research 0 and Development Ing. Technical Support by 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008* code-x GmbH | Technologiepark 21 | Dipl.-Physiker/in D-33100 Paderborn | http://www.code-x.de Jobs at Spin-Offs of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute Number of Employees Printed by Number of Employees Dr. rer nat. W.V. Westfalia Druck GmbH | Eggertstraße 17 | UNITY: approx. 145 Employees Number of Employees Professors Research Staff Technical and Administrative Staff Trainees D-33100 Paderborn | http://www.westfaliadruck.de 100

… 160 Dr.-Ing. Period of Review: 90 01.01. - 31.12.2008 80 140 Dipl.-Mathematiker/in ISSN 1619-8395 70 120 60 Master Sc. Informatics ©Heinz Nixdorf Institute, University of Paderborn 50 100 All rights, in particular the right for copies and circulation as well as translation are reserved. Every use is prohibited without the accor- 40 80 Dipl.-Informatik/in dance of the publisher. 30 60 20 Dipl.-Wirtschaftsinformatik/in 10 40 0 Bachelor Electrical Engineering 20 MlaP UNITY GmbH GmbH Smart require m³ITS - ScMI AG 0 Master Sc. Mechanical Engineering NetSkill AG Dr. Ketterer IPT Software Altanis GmbH Entrice GmbH FASTEC GmbH

IML Fraunhofer 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 myview systems Dipl.-Ingenieur/in Maschinenbau consultants GmbH Multimedia & more Mechatronics GmbH Dipl.-Wirtschaftsingenieur/in Maschinenbau

Master Sc. Electrical Engineering

Dipl.-Ingenieur/in Elektrotechnik

Dipl.-Wirtschaftsingenieur/in Elektrotechnik HNI_2008_U1_U6_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Titel.qxp 11.03.2009 12:38 Seite 114

Statistics of the Institute

Master Sc. Electrical Engineering

Dipl.-Ingenieur/in Elektrotechnik

Dipl.-Wirtschaftsingenieur/in Elektrotechnik HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 11:00 Seite 3

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE

Annual Report 2008

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:42 Seite 4

4 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2008

Content Content

General Description

Cover inside Statistics of the Institute

Page 6 Vision of the Institute

Page 8 The Research Program and Priority Projects in Research

Page 16 Competence Centre “Virtual Prototyping and Simulation”

Page 18 Internet-based information and communication services

Page 20 Commitment to support young Reseacher

Additional Activities

Page 90 Publications

PhD Theses

Fairs, Conferences, Seminars

Patents, Prizes, Awards

Additional Functions

Spin-Offs

Current Research Projects

Current Industry Co-operations

Scientific Co-operations

Seite 115 How to find us

Seite 117 Imprint HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:42 Seite 5

Content 5

ContentContent

Workgroups of the Institute

Page 26 Business Computing, especially CIM Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier

Page 34 Computer Integrated Manufacturing Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Page 42 Computers and Society Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil

Page 48 Algorithms and Complexity Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide

Page 54 Design of Distributed Embedded Systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

Page 62 System and Circuit Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert

Page 70 Control Engineering and Mechatronics Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Ansgar Trächtler

Page 78 Parallel Computing Associated Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien Workgroups Page 82 Applied Physics/Integrated Optics Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler

Page 86 Philosophy of Science and Technology Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:43 Seite 6

6 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2008

Heinz Nixdorf, † 1986 HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:43 Seite 7

Vision of the Institute 7

Vision of the Institute

We are currently experiencing the evolu- which refers to what is currently happen- tion from national industrial societies to a ing in practise. global information society. Information and communication technology is affect- Commitment to support young ing all areas of life: the boundaries we researcher knew in the past are no longer relevant. We are intensely committed to training Yet we are also noticing that fewer and and education of our students and gradu- fewer people are employed in the more ates and to giving them the necessary traditional sectors of industry. This is why qualifications so that they can help to a lot of people regard the current transi- shape the future. tion as a threat and would rather preserve the status quo. Measurable goals However, the progression to a global Strategic action is based on measurable information society offers many opportu- goals. We set ourselves three main goals: nities and much scope for creativity: new 1) The research work has to be excellent. proficiencies and workplaces are continu- We measure it by our external funds, by ing to emerge. the number of graduations and post- doctural lecture qualifications as well A symbiotic relationship of computer as by the number of publications in science and engineering respected media. Our research focuses on a symbiosis of 2) The number of innovations in products computer science and engineering and and processes of services in industry aims to provide decisive impetus for new that result from our work should be very products and services for the global mar- high in comparison with other insti- kets of tomorrow. Our activities will create tutes. An important indicator is the new workplaces and sustain prosperities. number of spin-offs. The problems we have to solve are 3) Our graduates receive appropriate complex. There are numerous influences employment in the business or scien- that must be considered from areas such tific world. as natural sciences, technology, economics, ecology and the social environment. In this way, we are following the vision of We are adopting an interdisciplinary Heinz Nixdorf, the founder of our institute. approach because we see that this offers the best possibility to find solutions for complex problems.

Balance between basic research and applied research We want to be a leading research institute. To succeed in this aim, we have to be able to give decisive impetus in practice but also to recognise problems of tomorrow early on and find solutions. We place the same value on basic research, which opens new horizons and offers new opportunities, and on applied research, HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:44 Seite 8

8 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2008

The Research Program

The substantial field of activity of our institute is the research. We want a new school of design of tomorrow’s technical The goals and methodical approaches of the planned research systems. activities are described in detail in the separate paper “dynam- From our view the systems will be characterized by dynamics, ics, mobility, networking: On the way to the technical systems mobility and networking. Therefore we want to provide methods of tomorrow.” Here, the research program is presented in a and techniques that enable the design of such “Things that strongly shortened way. think”, as well as their networking and their control, which is based on self-organization. We want to test our methods and The research vision: “Things that think.” techniques, and demonstrate their efficiency in concrete appli- The technical systems of tomorrow will be able to adapt to cations with high scientific, social and economic relevance. In changing operating and environment conditions independently all these research projects we try to accomplish the goal to and partially also have cognitive abilities - therefore the slogan: bring together our realizations and experiences into a new “Things that think.” They will consist of components with an school of design of tomorrow’s technical systems. inherent partial intelligence. These components will be connected to large, mostly mobile systems, which are highly com- We want to think ahead of the future plex and dynamic. Such systems will not be controlled globally. Dealing with the systems of tomorrow, we must develop ideas Therefore local strategies must be developed for good perfor- of the user expectations and needs as well as over the technical mance of the entire system. possibilities of tomorrow. We accomplish this by systematic The design, control and the realization of such technical foresight, i.e. by the perception and anticipation of the markets systems require new approaches and place interdisciplinary and technologies developments. By doing this we can start research upright to new challenges in the conflict area of com- working today on what will be needed tomorrow. puter science and engineering sciences. We pursue our goals in close cooperation to industry and at the foremost front of the research, embedded into interna- The major goals tional, national and the university research networks. Innovations for growth and employment From the symbiosis of computer science and engineering sciences, we want to create innovative technical systems, make them applicable and open perspectives for growth and employment. HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:45 Seite 9

The Research Program 9

Structure of the research program of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and positioning of priority projects in this structure.

The structure of the research program Intelligent production networks Our research program is structured in such a way that clear Cooperative networks assignments can be formulated, the working progress is visible Knowledge based socio-technical systems and measurable, and the results will be applied gradually in industry. The picture shows this structure. According to that we Process (system development) divide our research program into three dimensions: technol- The creation of future technical systems firstly requires imagi- ogy, application and process (system development). By doing nation. Today’s users will not tell us, which problems are to be this we connect Technology Push and Market Pull and describe solved tomorrow and how appropriate solutions are to be con- how an innovative and promising technical system can be figured. But even if we knew the requirements of tomorrow’s identified and designed. The three dimensions can be charac- systems, we lack the instruments to design such systems for terized as follows: which there are no examples in today’s world. Therefore we are facing two challenges: Technology Recognizing the requirements of tomorrow’s systems which Under technology we subsume measures and approaches etc. requires foresight and which help to apply natural science and engineering science Design methods; It involves hereby primarily to establish a knowledge for technical systems. Our focus lies on five areas: new school of system design and to put third parties into Self coordination and self-optimization of distributed sys- the position to design tomorrow’s systems. tems Services in mobile systems Concrete research and development projects are the cells and Dynamically reconfigurable HW/SW systems clusters that are represented in the cells of the cube shown in Distributed dynamic data spaces the picture. Beside many small and medium projects, there are Visualization and interaction four key projects as well as the SFB 376, which are presented in the cube. We will describe these key projects in detail in the Application following. It deals with the realization of concrete technical systems, Currently, there are, among an amount of smaller and which are useful and fulfill needs. This shall be carried out in medium sized projects, six main projects which are going to be close cooperation with industry. By doing so we support experi- described into detail in the ongoing text. Four of these main ence exchanges between the theory and the practice and vali- projects are represented within the cube; the two missing ones date the approaches we develop today. The following four are the DELIS project (cooperative networks) and the miniature application fields are relevant for us from today’s point of view: robot BeBot (intelligent machines and cooperative networks). Intelligent machines HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:45 Seite 10

10 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2008

SFB 614 “Self-optimizing Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering” Intelligent machines for the future market

Most modern engineering products already make use of the close interaction between classical mechanics, elec- Influences on the Technical System tronics, control engineering and software that is known as Surrounding User System “mechatronics”. e.g. uneveness e.g. changed e.g. wear and of track-profile usage mode tear Information technology is an essential driver of this development, which will enable future systems with inher-

ent “intelligence”. We denote this perspective by the term O RailCabs of “self-optimization”. The self-optimization process of a O O System of Objectives 1 2 (Internal Objectives) technical system is characterized by the ability to modify O1.1 O1.2 O2.1 O2.2 O2.3 system targets endogenously according to changing environmental conditions and, as a result, a target-compliant, Mathematical autonomous adaptation of the parameter and if necessary x(t)= .x(t)+ .u(t) A B description of Behavior y(t)=C.x(t)+D.u(t) the structure and the behaviour of the system. the behavior Starting in July 2002, the Collaborative Research Centre (Speaker: Prof. Dr.-Ing. J. Gausemeier) pursues the long- Structure Parameters term goal to open up the active paradigm of self-optimiza- 1 X1 C1 0 0 ...0 1 s-l 1 l1 0 l20 ...0 1 tion for mechanical engineering and to develop a toolkit + =,Bb== U(s) 1 X2 + Y(s) A ...... C2 s-l 0 0 0 ...ln 1 2 + for the design and construction of such systems. The . . T ==ccc12... n =0 1 Xn Cc D equipment consists in the core of process models, design Cn s-l n methods and software-tools for synthesis and analysis. Professional representation of Professional representation of Validation is done by demonstrators which cover a high the system s structure‘ the system‘s parameters bandwidth of modern machine and vehicle construction. Technical System (e.g. RailCab) One demonstrator is the system RailCab: The modules Aspects of a self-optimizing system drive and brakesystem, spring and tilt system and power supply but also the co-operation of these modules are based on troller module (OCM) which, from an information-processing the self-optimization. The realization of complex mechatronic point of view, is an agent. The structure of the OCM is shown in systems with inherent partial intelligence calls for a suitable the figure. As you see, it can be subdivided into three levels structure and architectural concept for their information pro- (controller, reflective operator and cognitive operator) cessing. The core element of this concept is the operator con- Controller: This control loop is an active chain that obtained measurement signals, determines adjustment signals and outputs them. The software at this level operates effectively continuously under hard real-time conditions. Reflective Operator: This monitors and directs the controller. It modifies the controller by initiating changes to parameters or structures. Cognitive Operator: At the highest level of the OCM the system can employ a variety of methods (such as learning methods, model-based optimization, or knowledge-based systems) to use information about itself and its environment to improve its behavior.

Selbstoptimie- Verlässlichkeit rende Systeme selbstoptimie- des Maschinen- render Systeme baus - Definitio- - Potentiale nut- nen, Anwendun- zen und Risiken gen, Konzepte. vermeiden. HNI-Verlags- HNI-Verlags- schriftenreihe, schriftenreihe, Band 234, 2008 Band 235, 2008

Architecture of the operator controller module (OCM) http://www.sfb614.de HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:46 Seite 11

Priority Projects in Research 11

Organic Computing The priority research program of the German Science Foundation (DFG)

Organic Computing has emerged recently as a challenging its group members that vision for future information processing systems. Organic Com- can be used to predict puting is based on the insight that we will soon be surrounded which adaptation alterna- by large collections of autonomous systems, which are equip- tives are most promising ped with sensors and actuators, aware of their environment, in a certain situation. For communicate freely, and organize themselves in order to per- behavior assessment we form the actions and services that seem to be required. follow decentralized eva- An “Organic Computing System” is a technical system, luation functions based on which adapts dynamically to the current conditions of its envi- socio-biological para- ronment. It will be self-organizing, self-configuring, self-optimi- digms like emotions and drives that do not only consider the zing, self-healing, self-protecting, self-explaining, and context- system's own behavior and improvement of its own state but aware. Thus, this research area fits perfectly to the research also take into account its group's behavior and goals. To sup- program of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. port fast adaptation of a system's behavior we combine indivi- The priority research program “Organic Computing” of the dual exploration with imitation of successful behaviors of team German Science Foundation (DFG) addresses fundamental mates. Furthermore we investigate how group behavior emer- challenges in the design of Organic Computing systems; its ges from such imitation and how such emergent behavior can objective is a deeper understanding of emergent global beha- be characterized for instance in terms of group clustering or vior in self-organizing systems and the design of specific con- performance. The developed modular approach that supports cepts and tools to support the construction of Organic Compu- these features shall be evaluated in simulation and by our ting systems for technical applications. It started in 2005. With Paderkicker robots. In the project “Smart Teams: Local Distributed Strategies for Self-Organizing Robotic Exploration Teams”, headed by Prof. Dr. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide and Prof. Dr. Christian Schin- delhauer (Freiburg, a former member of the Heinz Nixdorf Insti- tute) we aim at laying the algorithmic foundations for a scenario where an exploration team of robots, we call it a smart team, has to organize itself in order to fulfill tasks like exploring an unknown terrain and executing work in this terrain. Examples for such a task are rescue expeditions in dangerous areas or expeditions in the oceans or on planets. The work of such a smart team has to be guided by strategies for exploration, for finding important objects, and for assigning to such an object a subgroup of robots that jointly have the capabilities necessary to process the object. The challenge is that all these tasks have to be executed by local, distributed strategies that “Paderkicker” act on the mobile network of the moving robots, and have to result in a robust, effective self-organization of the team. None three out of eighteen projects, the University of Paderborn is of these robots ever will have more than very restricted, local the strongest contributor. The Heinz Nixdorf Institute is invol- knowledge about the global state of the system. Their decisi- ved in two of these projects. ons are solely based on their own observations and findings, In the project “A Modular Approach for Evolving Societies of from which a globally good behavior of the whole team has to Learning Autonomous Systems”, headed by Prof. Dr. F. Rammig emerge. We will analyse the quality of our strategies both theo- and Dr. B. Kleinjohann, we develop a modular approach for retically, e.g. by means of competitive analysis, and experimen- realizing self-organizing and self-optimizing autonomous sys- tally based on our simulation platform. tems that show emergent behavior in societies of such systems. Current approaches already deal with the question how individual systems cope with failures and provide first solutions for individual self-adaptation. However it is unclear how a system's individual self-adaptation influences the behavior and performance of the entire system society. We investigate how a system can learn to use its capabilities in changing environments while at the same time paying attention to the overall group behavior. We follow a modular approach where a system is able to learn a model of itself and its environment including http://www.organic-computing.de HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:46 Seite 12

12 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2008

The European Integrated Project DELIS Dynamically Evolving Large-Scale Information Systems

Information Systems like the physical Internet, the World Wide Web, telephone networks, mobile ad-hoc networks, or peer-to-peer networks have reached a level that puts them beyond our ability to deploy them, manage them, and keep them functioning correctly through traditional techniques. Reasons for this are their sheer size with millions of users and interconnected devices and their dynamics; they evolve dynamically over time, i.e., components change or are removed or inserted permanently. For such systems, we have to abandon the goal of global optimality. The objective of the DELIS project therefore is to develop self-regulating and self-repairing mechanisms that, on the one hand, are decentralized, scalable, and adapt to changes in their environments. On the other hand, these decentralized mechanisms have to lead Anatomy of a peer-to-peer based web search engine to a globally acceptable behavior, avoi- ding undesirable or unstable situations. peer-to-peer network connecting the individual search engines Our expertise in advanced algorithmic research in Compu- is designed to be extremely robust against network failures, as ter Science, combined with our knowledge of statistical phy- well as to preserve locality among data and take advantage of sics, market mechanisms, and biological and social behaviour locality among peers in the network. has shown us to be well suited for coping with such challenges. The major research goals of DELIS can be summarised as This architecture has several major advantages over current follows: solutions: To understand the structure, self organisation and dyna- The ability to utilise millions of computers for enhanced mics of large scale information systems like the internet, search capabilities like machine learning or natural- the World Wide Web, peer-to-peer systems, with support of language processing. methods from statistical physics. The potential for personalisation based in observing the To provide methods, techniques and tools for controlling user's queries and click behaviour without exposing this and optimizing such systems, using, among others, large information to a centralised server. scale optimization techniques and inspirations from bio- Providing an alternative to the oligopoly of a few major logy. search engine, by moving towards a pluralistic and decen- To apply methods from market mechanism and game tralised infrastructure. Thus, being less susceptible to com- theory in order to understand and to organize the competi- mercial bias and censorship. tion of actors in the system for resources like bandwidth, DELIS is a consortium of 20 institutions from 11 European computing power, data etc. countries, led by Prof. Dr. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide, who To provide platforms for experiments and prototypical presents the Paderborn site together with Prof. Dr. Burkhard implementations of our findings, in order to test and com- Monien. The project started in 2004 and finished in February, pare them, and to make them accessible. 2009 with a combined scientific workshop and review meeting The primary application area of DELIS is a decentralised, self- in Barcelona. organising web search engine based on an internet-scale peer- to-peer system. This approach has the potential to provide a vastly improved service on today's search engine technology. In our architecture every peer, e.g. the home PC of a scientist or student, has a fully-fledged search engine that indexes a small portion of the web according to the interest profile of the user. Queries are automatically forwarded among peers to exploit the 'wisdom of the crowds' in the peer-to-peer network. The http://delis.upb.de HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:47 Seite 13

Priority Projects in Research 13

Miniature Robot BeBot Test bed for intelligent machines and cooperative networks

To create a new approach that helps designing intelligent technical machi- Main PCB: 300MHz processor with 128 MB memory, nes is of great significance to our insti- Linux , FPGA processor for real time image processing tute. Consequently, we need an avant- garde basic system consisting of a 68 mm basic structure, which can be used to Base PCB: 75MHz processor for driving control, sensor analysis and energy management transfer the future applications, which

need to be developed and tested. The Sensors: 12 infrared sensors on the chassis of the miniature robot, designed within our miniature robot capture 360° of the surrounding envi- team, is such a basic system. This ronment

robot constitutes the test project for 93 mm the applications, being based on Drive: two miniaturized electric motors with 2,8 W 86 mm modern approaches, such as self-opti- power each and high effieciency mization, self-organization and self- coordination as well as on the use of Basic model of the miniature robot new manufacturing technologies. One application scenario consists of about 50 miniature robots sor- the robot functions. Beyond that, operating systems that run in ting and collecting table tennis balls according to their colour. real time (e.g. DREAMS) are currently tested in the robot. Highlight of the whole procedure is that the robots are able to Developing the robot’s chassis, appears to be the real chal- take over different roles by communicating with each other. lenge. The exterior is realized as a MID- component (Molded These different roles are implemented by a system of inte- Interconnect Devices). It comprises mechanical and electrical racting tools: The robot is either able to push (pushing the components. Infrared sensors capture 360° of the surrounding balls together that are distributed widely), claw or transport environment and micro controller take over the analysis of the (having a loading space for four tennis balls). Each of the data. The conductors, between the more than 100 component robots operates as an autonomous agent. By using intelligent parts, cover the interior of the robot’s chassis and create a sensors, the robot overviews its environment, evaluates the complex, a three-dimensional circuit – everything resulting in a situation and then negotiates about the completion of different high density of functions and a support for the miniaturization. sub tasks. The solution of the task is determined by the target- So the amount of component parts is enormously small - in setting (e.g. short time of processing, small amount of energy comparison with conventional robots. The miniature robot will requirement). The robots’ equipment consists of the latest be mass-produced in different construction levels and will be technology: in order to communicate it operates by using USB, brought to market. The development and production of the WLAN, Bluetooth and ZigBee, a digital camera, several highly robot’s body is realized in cooperative work with Siemens CT. efficient working processors, a re-configurable FPGA-Chip as well as a 128 MB-main memory (that can be extended up to 2 http://wwwhni.upb.de/schwer- GB). Linux is being used as operating system. Moreover, Linux punktprojekte/miniaturroboter combined with libraries makes it easy to program and access

carry electronic contact add-on micro controller on backside with devices modules the wheel case PCB plugins

carry add-on modules contact char- bridge control tran- ging station resistance sistor electrically conduct signals

conduct Infrared sensor energy multiplier position sensors carry mechanical components Infrared-LED

dissipate heat, ven- protect com- tilation slot ponents

Integration of function into the chassis by MID Three-dimensional circuit on the chassis of the miniature robot HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:47 Seite 14

14 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2008

The European integrated project AC/DC Optimized planning and control of global supplier networks for 5-day-cars

Development of a new SCM concept in the frame of the European Project AC/DC – Automative Chassis Development for 5-Days-Cars. The average period of time in the European Automobile Industry from a customer’s order of a vehicle up to the delivery is about 40 days. The aim of the Europe-wide 5-Days-Car-Initiative project is to develop new logic, production-oriented as well as engineer-proven concepts which reduce the running time of such an order to 5 days. AC/DC is one of the 5DC projects and operates since 1,5 years ago. The project aims in developing a planning and control system which radically improves the current planning and controlling of the flow of materials within the supplier networks of the European Automobile Industry, but by maintaining the existing efficiency criteria for the production of the 5-Days-Car. Therefore, mechatronic components of a new kind serve as enabler in this procedure which allow an individualization even in the advanced production process by software configuration, the so

called “Customize-to-Order (CtO)”. These compo- Concept of Dynamic supply loops nents realize the transfer from Built-to-Order production systems to CtO-serial production systems within the Automobile Industry. Also, they reduce the complexity of the Forecasting, which aims in reliable results produced by the entire planning process in the supplier network. use of past-oriented causal data and their integration in The international project AC/DC with partners like BMW collaborative Forecasting processes which are optimized by Group, Volkswagen AG, CEA Frankreich (France), Mandator serial production networks Schweden, ZF Friedrichshafen und Fraunhofer IAO is led by Continental Automotive Systems and the ERPC GmbH. The Process Automation for improving collaboration during the Heinz-Nixdorf-Institute of the University of Paderborn, repre- planning and controlling process with consideration of sented by the Business Computing sector, especially CIM, ser- already existing economic frame conditions ves as the executing institution in the field of strategy development of the planning concept of dynamic planning loops, also Event Management and Event-Handling by the development in the field of Forecasting, IT-Communication, security and of real-time methods during the event projection and the reliability of processes and the management event. operative event conditioning As a main research partner, the Heinz-Nixdorf-Institute of the University of Paderborn takes over the profile function that Supply Network Planning on the basis of innovative serves as integrating basis for the project areas Mechatronics methods for creating ideal supplier networks during the and Logistics Planning. Also, the Heinz-Nixdorf-Institute of the introduction of new vehicle models University of Paderborn coordinates contextual questions belonging to the field of Supply Network Management. The project currently addresses the following planning levels: strategic planning, tactical planning and operative planning. Dynamic Supply Loops The Dynamic Supply Loops create the planning and controlling concept which will be developed in AC/DC. The core of the Dynamic Supply Loops consists of a flat-organized, regenera- ting planning process. The Dynamic Supply Loops base on the application of innovative methods such as:

http://www.acdc-project.org HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:48 Seite 15

Priority Projects in Research 15

LOCOMOTION The Heinz Nixdorf Institute keeps science in motion

After 3 years, the e-Learning project “Locomotion” (Low-Cost Multimedia organization and Production) eventually was finished on 30th of June, 2008. The vowel “e” in “e-Learning” does not only symbolise the “electronic” aspect; also, it underlines an “enhanced” learning and studying. While the project ended, its results also act as the founding stone of further applications: within the field of administration of modules and exams and furthermore, within the field of processing and supporting different teaching and learning scenarios with the koaLA sys- will follow. Overall, the Heinz Nixdorf Institute’s contribution tem (coactive learning and working system). koaLA is based on with LOCOMOTION has shown once more how important and the open-sTeam system which has been developed in the successful it is to transform results from fundamental research research group of Prof. Keil in the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. Last into useful products. Supporting daily scientific work, as exem- but not least, the enormous success of koaLA depends on the plified by koaLA, will continue and even advance further. To fact that sTeam’s architecture is based on virtual knowledge learn means to reinvent the world every day and to create a spaces which have already proven their success in other work new future. scenarios. Likewise, koaLA’ success can be deduced from the facts in the University’s newsletter from November 2008. The statistics record for October 2008:

Established courses: 438 Visitors: 45.478 Page views: 2.91 million Data volume: 125,65 GigaByte

There are already 21.549 registrations for the 438 courses that have been established in winter term of 2008/ 2009. On average, one course consists of 50 participants, but there are also courses having more than 1000 participants. The advanced possibilities of that project become visible when one becomes aware of the term “working environment”. koaLA offers the possibility to set up document categories for groups and individual persons. The participants have the possibility to organize and administer arbitrary documents. Additionally users can still employ Weblogs, bulletin boards and Wikis. More than 700 groups have already been established within koaLA and they serve as research groups, projects, student initiatives but also work as cooperative tools for learning groups. Also, by mentioning the 400 “e-seminar reserve files”, their integration into already existing infrastructures emerges. Those “e-seminar reserve files” can be displayed in the university’s library and can also be

embedded in koaLA. Additional ser- koaLA supports a diversity of different learning scenarios vices and other integration procedures http://locomotion.upb.de HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:48 Seite 16

16 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2008

Competence Center for Virtual Prototyping and Simulation

Virtual Prototyping is an inherent part of the product development process. For Vir- tual Prototyping, at first, a computer model of the product under development is generated, which is then analysed like a real product prototype. That way, different versions of the virtual product are created and analysed without the need for constructing a real prototype. This reduces time and costs in product development and increases product quality. In the context of the research area "Distributed Visualisation and Simulation (DVS)", research groups at the Heinz Nix- dorf Institute and University of Paderborn have been developing new DVS-methods and tools corporatively for several years. In support of these research activities, a state-of-the-art high-definition projection system was put into operation, which is unique in its' performance and flexibility.

Interactive 3D-analysis of parallel simulation runs (source: Siemens PLM Software) New Visualisation Infrastructure The projection system consists of a high-definition large-scale Visualisation of Production Processes projection with all in all 4 projection screens. One projection The software tool d3FACT, developed by the research groups screen is rotatable, facilitating to configure the system to speci- "Business Computing, esp. CIM" and "Algorithms and Comple- fic applications. 14 beamers project stereoscopic images with xity" to interactively analyse simulated parallel production pro- a total of over 20 million pixels. The center projection itself processes in 3D, combines distributed simulation processes with vides a resolution of 3840 by 2160 pixels, matching 4 times a distributed 3D-visualisation. In order to identify, how ran- the resolution of HDTV. The advanced projection system allows domly distributed simulation variables influence the behavior to display even finest details, while its brilliance and display of the production system, numerous simulation runs of one quality is unmatched by existing systems. simulation experiment are processed in parallel. d3FACT aggregates the simulation runs and visualizes the results in 3D, to Application Examples enable the user to identify and evaluate differences between The following application examples, currently under develop- individual simulation sequences. ment, are getting adjusted to the large-screen projection sys- d3FACT is especially effective when being operated on the tem. large-screen projection, as it provides a very realistic stereoscopic display of the production processes. The aggregated simulation runs require a complex and higly detailed visualisation, in order to demonstrate differences between individual simula-

Design review in a stereo projection system (source: VISCON GmbH) HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:49 Seite 17

Competence Centre Virtual Prototyping and Simulation 17

tion sequences. The dimensions of the projection system provide a close-to-reality spatial perception of even large-scale production facilities.

Virtual Prototyping of Innovative Automotive Headlight Systems The research group "Computer Inte- grated Manufacturing" has developed a night driving simulator that provides a high-quality visualisation of automotive headlights illumina- Virtual Prototyping of innovative automotive headlight system ting the road ahead of a vehicle. The simulator sets the basis for an advanced simulation of control Center for Driving Simulation algorithms for tiltable headlights, which are an integral part of The research results of the Virtual Prototyping platform consti- adaptive corner lights or advanced leveling light systems. The tute the basis for establishing a center for driving simulation. night driving simulator in combination with the large-screen For this, the Virtual Prototyping platform will be complemented projection system forms a powerful tool for evaluating and by a driving simulator with an integrated motion system. The optimizing the control algorithm of advanced automotive driving simulator supports an early and realistic analysis of lighting systems. innovative automotive systems and components, like head- The new projection system allows to apply innovative visua- light systems, driver assistance systems, or new axle and chas- lization methods that provide a close-to-reality illumination sis concepts. The Heinz Nixdorf Institute develops hardware simulation of automotive headlights. That way, headlight and software interfaces which allow a fast and flexible integra- beampatterns are displayed in high detail, by using high dyna- tion of different vehicle components into the driving simulator. mic range data that precisely reproduces contrast ratios. In Hardware-in-the-loop simulation facilitates joint tests of real combination with the large-screen projection, significant and simulated vehicle components. The system can be used in results for further research can be achieved. For instance, this product development as well as in marketing and sales. allows to simulate glare of approaching traffic realistically, in order to utilize automotive headlights for glare-free driving or to collectively illuminate the road between to approaching vehicles.

ATMOS driving simulator for the analysis of vehicle systems HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:49 Seite 18

18 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2008

Internet-based information and communication services

For many companies product innovations and associated ser- ViProSim.de with information on the topic of Virtual Prototy- vices are the substantial lever for lasting success. This applies ping and Simulation. Main target is the connection of the in particular to mechanical engineering and related industries university and companies from the East Westphalia-Lippe like the automobile industry, the electronic industry and the region. medical industry. The products of the above mentioned indus- TransMechatronic.de with knowledge on Mechatronics. tries are characterized by close cooperation of mechanics, (Project management agency: Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe electronics and software technology. The key word “Mechatro- PTKA). nics” is entirely summing this up. OWL-SupplyChain.de with practice oriented concepts and It is essential to the manufacturing of future products to scientifically established approaches on the topic supply make use of correct information and, furthermore, of adequate chain management. instruments during the period of product planning and development. There is obviously no lack of information and instru- The portal’s three functions: ments for producing innovative products. Particularly in medium-sized companies, there is a lack of knowledge in how Information all around the topic. to develop new products quickly and safely and consequently, Investigations of required actions, offering necessary how to bring them on the market of today and tomorrow. In methods and tools. order to support these companies, we run five internet plat- Providing of qualified contacts between customers and pro- forms with partners: viders with appropriate services (application of methods, engineering, professional training etc.). ConImit.de with information the topic of product counterfeiting and innovations against it. innovations-wissen.de for planning products and technology strategically.

Five Internet-based services for communication and cooperation between Supply Chain university and economy Management Innovations against product counterfeiting Strategic Product Vi ProSi m Planning Virtual Prototyping Vi ProSi m & Simulation Mechatronics Tr ansMechatroni c

Informing

Identity need for action

Establish qualified contacts

Customer Providers

Companies Consulting- resp. Engineering- with demand for Companies information on methods and tools as well as Research Institutes services for product Direct Business Connection innovation

The Heinz Nixdorf Institute operates – in co-operation with partners – five internet platforms for product innovation – goals: inform as well as establish contacts between customers and providers of services. HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:50 Seite 19

Internet-based information and communication services 19

The research projects of the BMBF announcement: “Innovati- Virtual Prototyping und Simulation (VPS) shortens the product ons against product counterfeiting” contribute to an effective development process and increases the quality of the products protection against product counterfeiting for producing compa- themselves. Digital models of products, being in their develop- nies. ConImit supports, as accompanying procedure, the trans- ment process at that time, are established and analyzed. The- fer of the research results into the industry sectors which do refore, the time and cost intensive construction of a real proto- not get any support. Furthermore, this increases the effect of type is no longer necessary. During that process, it is important the projects. The aim is the establishment of a network of to recognize usage potentials for the VPS methods and, conse- experts who support concerned companies and those at risk by quently, to use them. ViProSim supports the mentioned pro- realizing individual protection concepts against product coun- cess by offering the initial consultation “VPS-Quick-Check” and terfeiting with them. To this, the platform www.conimit.de the qualified transfer of contacts. Furthermore, the platform offers a demand analysis and a data base with protection con- offers knowledge on VPS methods and tools. cepts and experts of the field for users.

Homepage of the internet platform www.viprosim.de

The expert’s platform TransMechatronic gives basically infor- Homepage of the internet platform www.conimit.de mation on mechatronics and on operated and current coopera- More than ever, it is very important to show competence in tive projects within the framework of the BMBF-program strategy, especially to companies of the mechanical enginee- “Research for the production of tomorrow”. Selected topics will ring sector and similar branches. There is a lack of information be deepened and regularly updated in high grade technical on methods, tools and their usage. Help is given by the inter- contributions. net platform: www.innovations-wissen.de; it offers information and precise help to the experts in order to support strategic planning concepts of products and production systems for the markets of tomorrow.

Homepage of the internet platform www.transmechatronic.de

The expert’s platform www.owl-supplychain.de provides field- proven concepts of Best-Practice partners as well as methods for the SupplyChain Management which have been developed by cooperative projects and science members. Homepage of the internet platform www.innovationswissen.de HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:50 Seite 20

20 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2008

Commitment to support young Researcher

The Heinz Nixdorf Institute is intensively committed to the trai- International Graduate School ning and education of students and graduates with the aim of The International Graduate School “Dynamic Intelligent Sys- giving them the necessary requirements, they need to shape tems”, which was founded in autumn 2001, is one of seven the future. A very special feature of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute institutions supported by the state of North Rhine Westphalia is the close interaction between information science, natural to promote top young specialists in natural sciences areas. science, engineering science and economics as well as aspects Highly qualified graduates can study strategically for their of social and cultural sciences. In 2008, 127 students wrote doctorate with a three-year period in the framework of a course their diploma at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and 23 particularly of doctorate studies, motivated by intensive support. In the fra- talented graduates took their PhD. mework of this NRW-program, the International Graduate Our dedication to promoting a new generation of School is the only institution in the area of application-oriented researchers is expressed, in particular, in the graduate college IT. An interdisciplinary approach, internationality and excel- and the leading involvement of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute in lence are the trademarks of the institution, managed scientifi- the first International Graduate School at the University of cally by Prof. Dr. Schäfer. Research at the English-speaking Paderborn. institution focuses on the enhanced development of dynamically linked systems. Such systems are characterized by the Graduate College replacement or modification of software and hardware during The Heinz Nixdorf Institute has been running graduate colleges their operational phase. Solutions for a fail-proof realization since 1992 with the aim to offer a study and research environ- are developed within the projects. Professors from the Heinz ment to highly qualified postgraduates, that facilitates their Nixdorf Institute and nine additional professors from the Uni- conferring a doctorate within two or three years. The second versity of Paderborn have been coaching in the year under graduate college “Automatic Configuration in Open Systems” review 45 students from 12 countries. 44 students finished started its work in 2002, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. their PhD successfully, 13 of them in 2008. An evaluation of Rückert. After a start-up financing by the DFG, this graduate col- the International PhD Program of the German Academic lege is now fully funded by the Heinz Nixdorf Institute itself. Exchange Service and the German Research Foundation (DFG) Currently, the Heinz Nixdorf Institute’s scholarship holders shows that the Graduate School is Best Practice for the partici- strongly cooperate with the priority projects of our research pants in the fields of multi-disciplinarity, business cooperation program. The interdisciplinary work in the graduate colleges and in creating a long-term awareness. To that point of time the together with the technical specialization of the individual wor- following institutions cooperate with the Graduate School: king groups offer a considerable advantage to the scholarship Daimler, dSpace, Freudenberg, Initplan, Keiper, Knorr Bremse, holders and significantly increase the quality of the scientific Lufthansa, and Wincor Nixdorf as well as the Dr. Arnold Hueck work. Foundation and the Fraunhofer association.

Heinz Nixdorf Institut: http://wwwhni.upb.de

Graduiertenkolleg: http://wwwhni.upb.de/gk/ Int. Graduate School: http://www.upb.de/graduateschool HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:50 Seite 21

Commitment to support young Researcher 21

Preparation for an academic career Dr.-Ing. Rafael Radkowski is assistant professor in the field The Heinz Nixdorf Institute is explicitly interested in supporting of Virtual Prototyping in the research group Computer Integra- employees who aim for an academic career. 15 of our gradua- ted Manufacturing (Prof. Gausemeier). His research focus is the tes already passed their PhD. Currently, there is 1 junior profes- interactive visual analysis of real-time simulations using the sor and 6 assistant professors working in the Heinz Nixdorf technologies Virtual and Augmented Reality. This simplifies the Institute. handling of complex simulation models and allows an intuitive analysis. Dr.-Ing. Jan Berssenbrügge is assistant professor in the research group: computer integrated manufacturing (Prof. Gau- Jun.-Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Christian Sohler is junior professor in semeier). He passed his PhD in 2005 with the thesis: “Virtual the Algorithms and Complexity research group (Prof. Dr. math. Night Drive – A process to demonstrate the complex distribu- Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide). He is currently working on the tion of headlights during a night drive.” His research focuses challenges introduced by increased inter-connectivity of on methods and concepts to visualize and simulate product modern computer systems in order to process massive data features in the field of Virtual Prototyping. sets. One example for massive data sets is the Web Graph, whose vertices represent the web pages in the Internet and its Dr. rer. pol. Christoph Laroque is assistant professor at the arcs correspond to the links between them. chair of Prof. Dangelmaier, Business Computing, especially CIM. His research and teaching topics cover the modeling, the Dr.-Ing. Ulf Witkowski is senior engineer in the Cognitronics simulation and the analysis of production and logistic systems research group within the System and Circuit Technology as well as the development of new software solutions for an research team (Prof. Rückert). His research aim focuses on the enhanced application of that method. Already in his disserta- development and analysis of micro-electronic systems that can tion thesis, he developed a new tool that offers the possibility absorb information from their environment, process the infor- of multiuser modeling and simulation in a virtual environment. mation and act in a target-oriented way.

Dr.-Ing. Mario Porrmann is head of the Mediatronics team Dr. rer. nat. Martin Ziegler is assistant professor in the in the research group System and Circuit Technology at the Algorithms and Complexity research group (Prof. Dr. math. Heinz Nixdorf Institute. Currently, his research topics concen- Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide) at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. trate on the development and analysis of dynamically reconfi- In September 2007, he submitted his dissertation thesis on gurable microelectronic systems. These systems have the abi- “Real Computability and Hyper computation.” This topic focu- lity to adjust their architecture according to changing require- ses on the abilities of enhanced models of arithmetic with real ments during operation. numbers. HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:51 Seite 22

22 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2008

The career profile of the electronics engineer for devices and systems: Electronics engineer for devices and systems produce components and devices, e.g. for the information technology or communication technology. They put the systems and devices into operation, and they also maintain them. IT competences, such as installing and configuring IT systems or the application of appropriate software, are expected in this occupation. In their professional career they work in the fields of manufacturing, testing as well as in quality control, maintaining and repair or even in the developing area. This training takes 3,5 years and ends up with an examination by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry (IHK).

Katharina K. and Kevin M. while testing hardware devices. They are both apprentices in the circuit technology section.

The Heinz Nixdorf Institute has the competence and the infra- Apprenticeship at the structure to offer young people a professional training. We have been committing ourselves here for years. We train specialized Heinz Nixdorf Institute computer scientists in the area system integration and electronics engineers in the area devices and systems. Currently, there are nine trainees being prepared for their career. Usually, there are three young people starting their apprentice per year.

The career profile of the specialized computer scientist, subject area system integration: Specialized computer scientists master both, technical and commercial challenges. They convert the requirements and demands of the users into hard- and software. In addition to that, they are available for customers and users for professional advice and technical support. Basically, the trainees design and realize complex IT-systems with software components, but they also install and set up networked IT-systems. The professional training lasts 3 years and ends with an examination by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry (IHK).

This picture shows Daniel M. while installing an electrical circuitry. He is an apprentice in the Business Computing area, especially CIM. HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:53 Seite 23

Commitment to support young Researcher 23

Careers of our graduates

We do not only transfer scientific qualification to our graduates but also prepare them for executive functions in industry and science. The following examples show where our graduates work today.

Prof. Dr. Achim Rettberg Prof. Dr. Berthold Vöcking

University University Carl von Ossietzky University Olden- Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische burg Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen

Achim Rettberg is a Junior Professor Berthold Vöcking is the head of the for “Complex integrated Computer Science I department systems/embedded systems” in the (Algorithms and Complexity), RWTH department of Computer Science. He Aachen. His prior research projects cooperates with the OFFIS Institute are the developmentand analysis of and is the head of the research group algorithms and algorithmically ana- which is working on abstract lyzed game theories. methods of HW/SW systems. PhD in 1998 (chair of Prof. Meyer PhD in 2006 (Chair of Prof. Rammig) auf der Heide)

Dr. Lessing Hagen PD Dr.-Ing. Stefan Möhringer

Company Company The Boston Consulting Group Simon Möhringer Anlagenbau GmbH Lessing Hagen is project manager in The Boston Consulting Group. He Stefan Möhring is managing partner operates in the field of energy and in the Simon Möhringer Anlagenbau industrial goods. GmbH in Wiesentheid.

PhD in 2004 (Chair of Prof. Dangel- Habilitation: 2004 (Chair of Prof. maier) Gausemeier)

Prof. Dr. Ulrich Schäfermeier Dr.-Ing. Hans D. Kespohl

University Company Technical College of Bielefeld UNITY AG

Ulrich Schäfermeier is Professor in Hans D. Kespohl is managing the ERP Systems and Information director of the UNITY AG in Büren. Management area belonging to the He mainly operates in the field of health and economy section of the consulting and strategic planning. Technical College of Bielefeld. His research and consulting focus is based on Managing IT-Organizations.

PhD: 2000 (Chair of Prof. Dangel- PhD: 2002 (Chair of Prof. Gause- maier) meier) HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:54 Seite 24

24 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2008

Workgroup Portraits Workgroup Portraits

Workgroups of the Institute

Business Computing, especially CIM Producing Economically in Germany Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier

Computer Integrated Manufacturing Recognizing and Exploiting Success Potentials of Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Computers and Society Distributed Knowledge Organization – Advancing Transdisciplinarity Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil

Algorithms and Complexity High Performance = Innovative Computer Systems + Efficient Algorithms Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide

Prof. Dr. math. F. Meyer auf der Heide, Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Rückert, Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. A. Trächtler, Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. W. Dangelmaier, Prof. Dr. rer. nat. F. J. Rammig, Prof. Dr.-Ing. J. Gausemeier, Prof. Dr.-Ing. R. Keil (from left) HNI_2008_03_25_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Teil_A.qxp 11.03.2009 09:54 Seite 25

Workgroup Portraits 25

Workgroup Portraits Workgroup Portraits

Design of Distributed Embedded Systems Distributed Embedded Real-Time Systems Become Manageable Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

System and Circuit Technology Microelectronics – Key Technology and Challenge Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert

Mechatronics and Dynamics Control Engineering and Mechatronics Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Ansgar Trächtler

Parallel Computing Reaching New Magnitudes Through the Efficient Use of Parallel and Distributed Systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien

Applied Science/Integrated Optics Integrated Optics in Lithium Niobate Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler Associated Philosophy of Science Reflection on Science and Technology and Technology Workgroups Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus HNI_2008_26_33_EN_2009_03_10_KS_CIM_Dangelmeier.qxp 10.03.2009 19:00 Seite 26

26 Workgroup

BusinessBusiness Computing Computing especially CIM especially CIM

Customer A

Manufacturing Level II

Customer B Inventory Supplier I

Iventory Manufacturing Manufacturing Customer C Level I Iventory Level I Manufacturing I Inventory Supplier II

Inventory Supplier III

Customer D

Inventory Supplier IV

Customer E

Producing Economically in Germany Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier

Enterprises will still produce in Germany tomorrow, if production, procurement and selling processes meet highest demands for effectiveness and efficiency. This development comprises the increase in product quality as well as ever shorter delivery and turn-around times. In this connection it is necessary to develop innovative procedures which enable enterprises to advance to a status possible today.

E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251 | 60-6485 Fax: +49 (0) 5251 | 60-6483 http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/cim HNI_2008_26_33_EN_2009_03_10_KS_CIM_Dangelmeier.qxp 10.03.2009 19:01 Seite 27

Business Computing, especially CIM 27

Production and logistic systems for These methods are integrated in a Helmke, S., Dangel- tomorrows demands decision support system for the event- maier, W., Uebel, M.: Effektives Cus- In the world-wide struggle for market management in production networks. Pro- tomer Relationship shares, the strategy of most German duction networks follow different goals, Management. 4. enterprises consists to stand out against like the maximization of customer satis- Auflage, Wiesba- den: Gabler 2008. the competitors by a product and a ser- faction or minimization of delivery time or vice offer co-ordinated individually for the adoption costs. All these goals within a customers. For the customer the advan- special network have to be ordered, tage is obvious, if commodity and/or ser- strategies for their fulfillment have to be vice do not differ or differ only positively worked out and the single systems of a according to price, quality and delivery hierarchical organized network are to be time from the standard offers. For the arranged with an accordant intelligence. logistics, the challenge consists of inter- During this adoption we consider the connecting most opposite requirements restricted financial as well as factual Busch, A.; Dangel- to the achievement creation process. The resources. Supply relationships cannot be maier, W.: Integrier- increase of the logistics costs is, thereby, adapted in any way, as well as machines tes Supply Chain Management. not the basic approach, even if each unit can only be upgraded in close restric- Wiesbaden: Gabler size must be defined, produced, packed, tions. Today’s investments at a special 2004. made available and transported individu- location are missing tomorrow for the ally at the end. Thus, it can only concern building of a new factory at another loca- to use all resources more efficiently and tion or the opening of new markets in intelligently. Here is our tool-set. another region. In our courses we aim to show the students the close relationships between capital and supply markets, between hierarchical and progress structures, different forms of production as well as the basic Dangelmaier, W.: principles of systems and a development Fertigungsplanung. of innovative solutions through the use of Planung von Auf- bau und Ablauf der the information technology. Fertigung – Grund- lagen, Algorithmen und Beispiele. 2. Auflage. Berlin: Springer Verlag 2001.

Dangelmaier, W.; Warnecke, H.-J.: Fertigungslenkung. Planung und Steuerung des Ablaufs der diskre- ten Fertigung. Berlin: Springer Verlag 1997. HNI_2008_26_33_EN_2009_03_10_KS_CIM_Dangelmeier.qxp 10.03.2009 19:01 Seite 28

28 Workgroup

Variant Management in the Automotive Industry Structural Planning of Clocked Service in Assembly

times above the cycle time is allowed. If the processing time is lower than the cycle time a waiting time occurs during which no value adding work can be performed. In production lines with open stations a compensation of the fluctuating processing times is possible. This means that the work does not have to be finished within the cycle time and the worker can perform work when he has passed over his station boarder. If a variant with Structural possibilities in assembly lines such an overload is followed by a variant with a lower processing time the worker The rising number of variants is seen as a can finish his work within his station major challenge in the producing indus- boarders again. However, if overload is try. This applies especially to the automo- followed by another overload the proces- tive industry which attempts to meet their sing times sum up and the worker is drif- costumers’ needs with an extensive pro- ting out of his station without having the duct customization. These product line possibility to return to his starting point. extensions lead to a growth of complexity In such a case a supporting workforce is in many business processes such as plan- requested. ning and production. Especially the In order to achieve an efficient assem- assembly has to cope with the high vari- bly process waiting times as well as sup- ance which leads to an efficient pro- port work have to be minimized. While duction. the variance in processing times is gro- In the automotive industry the assem- wing this task becomes more and more bly of powertrain components as well as challenging. One approach to reach this the final assembly of cars are organized in goal is to consider the product differences an assembly line with a fixed cycle time. during the early phases of the production In those systems advantages of stan- system development. By partitioning the dardization can be achieved and no sto- assembly line system, structures can be cking is needed between the assembly developed that allow lower overall pro- steps. Because of the high variance the duction costs. production uses “lot size 1”. This means In cooperation with the Daimler AG that product variants can be built in any research department methods have been given sequence. developed which can be used to plan The different assembly processes of such production systems. Those methods the product variants cause fluctuating consider investments as well as the ope- working times at the stations of the rating costs. Because of the differences assembly line. Because of the given cycle between systems with open and closed time work overloads and waiting times station limits the methods have been are unavoidable. There are different pos- adapted to the according application. The sibilities of coping with the variance of developed methods are now used in the working times in production lines with assembly planning and optimization pro- Supported by: so called open and closed stations. In the jects. Daimler AG Forschung, Ulm case of closed stations no processing

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Jan Erik Gans E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 99 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 83

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Humanitarian Logistics Development of an adaptive reference model for logistic processes of humanitarian organizations

necessary that goods, equipment and personnel are fit for service within a very short time period, for the crises to be dealt with adequately. All of this demands very short reaction- and flow-time, which can only be ensured through adjusted structures and processes. On the other hand, organizations have to work Emergency and standard processes within the humanitarian logistics efficiently in chronic crisis and have to ensure the stabi- At the latest after the earthquake in the lity of logistic processes. The demand of Indian Ocean shortly after Christmas in goods and services becomes predictable 2004, with a magnitude of 9.3, which in these contexts. Frame networks with caused one of the worst tsunamis in his- suppliers can be closed and methods can Storage of a humanitarian organization tory killing more than 231.000 people, be applied for optimizing acquisition the work of humanitarian organizations sided and distribution sided. These diffe- has attracted the attention of the world. rent paradigms were not in focus of These organizations try to lessen the suf- humanitarian organizations so far. Pro- fering of the victims of man-made or natu- cesses were carried out ad-hoc, a diffe- ral catastrophes by providing life-saving rentiation between a case of emergency goods and services. Hereby humanitarian or a standard process does not take place aid as well as the reaction to acute catas- very often, so that avoidable instabilities trophes are provided, as well as chronic as well as delivery time delays occur. and complex crises such as in Darfur or in Within the framework of a promotion, Somalia. The humanitarian aid can be which was sponsored by the Fraunhofer divided into 4 categories: provision of Institute for Material Flow and Logistics, water, provision of nourishment, shelter an adaptive reference model for logistic and non-food items as well as primary processes is being developed at the FG medical health care. Conditional of cli- Dangelmaier. The work establishes ties mate change, distributional partition con- with new cognitions of the adaptive refe- flicts and migration movements, the work rence modeling and converts so far of humanitarian organizations will semantic-free concepts to a comprehen- increase in importance. At the moment sive semantic-afflicted model. Constitu- the humanitarian organizations have a tive on an empirical analysis of the sector total budget of about 6 billion US dollars, as well as known reference models from of which 80% are spent on purchase, the industrial area, reference processes transport and logistics. for the logistics of humanitarian organiza- The logistics of humanitarian organi- tion are being developed. These reference zations faces a lot of special challenges. processes are being made in an IT- tool On the one hand the work of the logistics for adaptive reference modeling and con- is under immense time pressure and tain emergency as well as standard pro- Project Partner: often has to be accomplished with res- cesses. Due to the modularity of the pro- Fraunhofer Institut für Materialfluss und Logistik tricted technical systems and appliances, cess models, the common applicability as investment possibilities are restricted and future enhancement is supported. due to the financing of the projects with Humanitarian organizations have the pos- Contact: donations. The need for goods and ser- sibility to estimate the potentials for pro- MSc Alexander Blecken vices arises suddenly and cannot be pre- cess enhancements with less effort with E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 61 dicted easily. Finally, it is obligatorily the help of process models. Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 83

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Integrated Production and Transport Planning Methods for reducing the costs and environmental pollution in the Supply Chain

Problem and Motivation example, of the CLSPs (Capacitated Lot Despite the meaning of efficient collabo- Sizing Model) with a VRPM (Vehicle Rou- ration in the supply chain, production and ting Problem with Multiple Use of Vehi- logistics still are planned separately cles), that describes the already mentio- nowadays. Thus, guideline 5004 of the ned special case of a Pickup&Delivery- VDA says that an adjustment process has Problem. Apart from an assessment of the to take place between the client and the costs, the amount of stocks and the pos- supplier, the transporter however, is only sible distance, the accruing environmen- integrated later and then only in the infor- tal pollution should be analyzed. Plant delivery by a 1st-Tier-supplier mation flow. Thereby potentials for redu- To the question if significant savings cing the CO2 emission and the costs are possible, the question adds how remain idle. The not-account of the logis- these can be realized in praxis. First, the tics is often accounted for with the low actions of all parties concerned were costs in comparison to the production. planned centrally. This is a case that can- Also, enough capacities are available all not be realized in praxis. Every CLSP- the time due to the glut of transportation instance as well as the VRP represented services. Still the integrated consideration transporters are an independent lawful is necessary due to the growing energy enterprise, which will not give up its plan- costs for transportation. Simchi-Levi has ning autonomy for the common good. already proven that due to this trend Especially every actor follows his own structures in production networks will interests, the augmentation of his own change, regarding number, geographical profit. For a realistic rating another position and load of the factories as well method is necessary, which considers the Time horizons in the gradual planning as distribution centers. A look from the data management and the planning aut- operative level has not taken place so far. hority explicitly. For this a multi-agent sys- In this field of study, therefore the poten- tem is good. An agent can represent a tial of the inclusion of the logistic has to planning unit, which means an enterprise. be qualified, and the conversion of such A concurrent planning is replaced by a an adjustment has to be analyzed. Hereby planning adjustment. Every enterprise it is assumed that transportation will take plans read backs with supply appoint- place as Milk Run. Here many suppliers ments with the help of the forwarded data are called and the goods are brought to and the internal data, like for example Improved transport planning by enlarged time the customer in bundles. available capacity. Afterwards requests horizons about changes are sent to the other con- Methods and Goals cerned parties. As an appeal this can also An integrated look is possible for example involve concessions. Hereby it is possible in a mathematical model. This shows the to a come to a better solution without integration of many lot size models, for having knowledge of all data.

Project Partner: Fraunhofer Institut für Materialfluss und Logistik

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Carsten Böhle E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 49 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 83

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The planning of manufacturing systems Method Design for a company in the railway industry

Thesis Solution statement In production systems a variety of plan- The decisions which are ning orders have to be accomplished. made on the levels are Regarded isolated the problem orders are dependent of each other. In already complicated; at the same time isolated observance the plan- however, they also show a strong depen- ning orders this leads to opti- dency of each other, which further increa- mal local results, but not to ses the complexity of the decisions. In the the global optimum. At the research project of the professional group same time this problem can- from the business informatics depart- not be solved through a total- ment, especially in CIM, the solving of model, which looks at all many planning orders through a hierarchi- planning orders at the same cal process is being discussed. time. Such a model would on

The inspiration for this thesis was the pro- the one hand lead to Assembling in the railway industry (Source: Knorr Bremse) blem of an enterprise from the railway impracticable processing vehicle industry – a practical project of times due to the high com- the Heinz Nixdorf Institute, which was car- plexity and on the other hand it is desired ried out in cooperation with the Fraunho- that the short term planning levels can be fer Application Centre for logistics ori- solved even if they are separated from the ented Business Administration (ALB). long term problems. Therefore a hierarchi- In the observed enterprise the delivery cal planning system was developed which period for a part of the product spectrum on the one side divides the different pro- was to be reduced severely, without blems into diverse partial models and on affecting the delivery reliability and costs. the other side it links them through coor- This measure showed effects on diverse dination processes so that in the end planning levels. In the long term planning effect a good solution is achieved for all levels the potential factors as well as the partial models. The single partial models machines and the personal capacities are formulated as mathematical models, have to be laid out so that the goal can be which can be solved in practice oriented achieved. On the short term level applica- time also for extensive problems. ble dispatching processes and their configuration as well as the stocks of the pro- Solution duction have to be decided upon. These The planning process was evaluated by decisions show a strong dependency of the means of the practical example. The- each other. For example, if machines with reby a planning was carried out for the high preproduction costs and durations observed enterprise which led to convin- are used then this leads to higher stocks cing results. It could be shown that the in the planning of the dispatching proces- solution times for the single partial ses, as higher production bulks and lower models are practice oriented and there- costs per piece can be realized. fore a regular application of the process and its involvement in the business process of the enterprise is possible. Partial models in the hierarchical planning

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Thorsten Timm E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 63 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 83

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Material Flow Simulation Integration of new techniques in the Simulator d3FACT insight

D3FACT is a development of the profes- advantage the possibility arises to collect sional group business informatics, espe- the runtime data of all simulations and cially CIM and the algorithms and comple- deliver statistically prepared data. Usually xity which have been introduced quite this is only possible after the sequential often in HNI news. Characteristic features accomplishment of all simulations. This of the simulator are immersive 3D-visuali- project is being sponsored by the DFG sations of the simulation and the and is in an advanced prototype phase. resource-open and therefore expandable based on Java simulators. In the last few Project 2: Controlled Simplification of Aggregated vizualisation in 3D years a lot of newly developed methods in Models the field of simulation methodology and Lately there has been a tendency to deve- computer graphics were implemented lop bigger and more detailed models. prototypically and their capability was This on the one hand depends on the proven. This year three projects were companywide assignment of material flow increasingly promoted. They will be pre- simulations and because of the possibi- sented in short in the following. lity to create and manage them as simulation tools have become better. However, Project 1: Aggregated Visualization of these models have a bad runtime, which Multiple Parallel Simulations Dependence between complexity and runtime of means that the real time that is necessary a simulation model Because of the stochastic attributes (e.g. for the calculation of an amount of simu- random failures and working times) of lations is long. The simplification of the common simulation models many simula- model is a way of improving the runtime. tion runs have to be made, in which con- As models as being enhanced all the tingencies are differentiated, in order to time, there is a special appeal to auto- win significant data. In the visualization mate the simplification, so that only the of the simulations usually only one simu- model with the highest complexity has to lation is considered, this means that the be enhanced. As in “Dangelmaier_Pro- observed behavior of the model cannot jektseiteX_Bild3”, the complexity of be used for getting significant results. In models can be reduced through an itera- order to eliminate this disadvantage a tive process, an automatic simplification, Modeling component system was developed in this project, in which at the same time causes a which many simulations are run simulta- reduction of the runtime. A basic assump- neously on nodes of the PC2 computer- tion in the use of simplifications is that cluster and the visualizations of the simu- the characteristics cannot differentiate lations are aggregated in a single window. significantly from the original model. The- Supported by: The user does not only see one simula- refore, the simplification of this project is DFG project "Avipasia" tion but many. As is shown in “Dangel- embedded in a closed loop in order to meier_ProjektseiteX_Bild1”, the aggrega- Project Partner: ensure that inputs about complexity and tion is carried out with the help of over- Workgroup Algorithms and Complexity characteristics deviation remain the lapping transparencies, objects that look same. This project is an advanced proto- solid, are in many simulations at the type phase with the help of which the same time and place. Objects that are Contact: used methods are optimized and first Dr. Christoph Laroque very translucent are only at the same results are attained. E-mail: [email protected] place in a few simulations. Therefore we Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 25 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 83 have a “visual average”. As an additional

Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Daniel Huber E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 31 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 83

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Integrated Operative Planning Concepts and methods for operative production planning in the KEIPER Corporation

In succession of the risen raw material planning solutions prices and the great price pressure from can be converted. the side of the automotive manufacturers, In practice many the pressure on the automotive suppliers of these side- has increased. In order to ensure the com- effects turn up in petitiveness automotive suppliers feel different ways, forced to make necessary organizational which can change and technological adjustments in various in the course of fields. The sinking of production costs time depending plays a central role in this case. Rising on shifts or week- transport costs lead to the fact that apart days. from the displacement of production loca- With the help tions to low-wage countries, the analysis of a decomposi- and optimization of the production of pre- tion of the plan- Life cycle fort he design of a planning system sent production locations are winning ning problem, not only is the calculating importance. The technological support of time restricted, but the prioritization of the so far manually performed planning goals and secondary conditions is also and controlling of the production has big possible. A method which is being deve- improvement potential. Besides technical loped right now allows for all the impor- solutions for the production planning are tant aspects in the optimization run, whe- becoming more important to generate reas less important aspects are conside- production plans which apply to the goals red in the downstream range of tolerance. of the enterprises, because of the increa- Beside the decrease of the calculating sing of variants. time, the deletion of good solutions In the cooperation project of the pro- because of less important secondary con- fessional group business informatics, ditions is avoided. especially CIM, with the company Keiper, The elevation of the sensitivity of which offers hub components, hub unpredictable events due to the shorte- structures and comprehensive develop- ning of the planning time, an improved mental performances, and the Internatio- adherence to time schedules for the com- nal Graduate School in Paderborn, con- pletion of customer orders and the mini- cepts and methods are being developed mization of production costs, are part of which support the production planning the set goals, which should be achieved

and structuring. with the conceived software solution of Sequence planning in OOPUS-WEB In order to realize a processor suppor- batch size and sequence planning. ted planning, it is necessary to analyze Another goal is the decentralization of the relevant system areas and convert the production planning. The integration these stepwise into a calculable model. of the software solution in the flexible In the current project, most of those platform for the implementation of PPS- production areas will be looked at, which tools, OOPUS-Web, which are being deve- have a big interest in a high efficiency, as loped by the professional group business these bring out a bottle-neck or contain informatics, especially CIM, ensures the Supported by: capital intensive installations. It is very decentralization of the production plan- Keiper GmbH und Co. KG important that side effects that turn up in ning and accelerates the implementation reality are considered so that generated process. Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Daniel Brodkorb E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 87 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 83

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Computer Integrated Computer Integrated ManufacturingManufacturing

Recognizing and Exploiting Success Potentials of Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Product and production process innovations are important levers for ensuring prosperity and employment in the future. Mechanical engineering and related areas, such as automotive industry, are playing a key role today. These sectors likewise demonstrate the relevant success potentials of the future. It is essential to identify these potentials early and to exploit them on time.

E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251 | 60-6267, -6266 Fax: +49 (0) 5251 | 60-6268 http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/pe HNI_2008_34_41_EN_2009_03_10_KS_RIP_Gausemeier.qxp 11.03.2009 10:45 Seite 35

Computer Integrated Manufacturing 35

Information and communication techno- Planning of Production Systems NEU! Zukunftsorien- logy do not just result in an increase of This section focuses on the planning tierte Unterneh- production – but also in the creation of of production systems (i.e. manu- mensgestaltung – new products and new markets. Our facturing planning). Above all there is Strategien, Geschäftsprozesse general aim is to increase the competiti- the strategic plan of a complex manu- und IT-Systeme für veness of industrial companies in the facturing system for mechatronic pro- die Produktion von morgen. Carl Hanser information age. Baring this in mind, we ducts whereas the following issues Verlag, 2009 develop methods and procedures on the are to be considered: flow of work, basis of a four-level model: planning of the work place, work Planning of Product and Technology equipment and logistics within pro- strategically duction. Basic aim is the analysis of the pro- Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality duct’s requirements for the future These technologies offer new inter- Vernetzte Produktent- wicklung – Ein syste- market and hence, the planning of the action metaphors for computer-based matischer Handlungs- appropriate production systems. Basi- designing and planning. On the one leitfaden für den Auf- cally, it is about anticipating the deve- hand, we design and analyze new bau eines internetba- sierten Wissensmana- lopment and the development of tech- technical systems (Virtual Prototyping gements für die Pro- nology, product and business strate- and Digital Factory); on the other side, duktentwicklung. Carl Hanser Verlag, 2006 gies. (www.innovations-wissen.de) the access to products that are in Development Methodology Mechatro- need of explanation and other com- nics plex systems are going to be simpli- This level involves the interdiscipli- fied for the users. (www.ViProSim.de) nary design and specification of When it comes to implementing these mechatronic systems, methods for services in practice, the UNITY-AG is the Planung der Produkte increasing the reliability of such sys- first point of contact. More than 130 und Fertigungssys- teme für die Märkte tems as well as development hand employees are pleased to assist you. von morgen. books on products that contain new (www.unity.de) VDMA-Verlag, 2004 technologies, such as the MID-techno- The aim of our seminars is to supply logy (Molded Interconnect Devices). our students with a comprehensive over- (www.TransMechatronic.de) view of modern industrial companies, in order to highlight the success potentials of the future and to illustrate ways of achieving those potentials. Our students gain the expertise that is necessary for an Produktinnovation – industrial career of Ein Handbuch für die the future. Strategische Planung und Entwicklung der Produkte von morgen. Carl Hanser Verlag, 2001

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Developing market and business environment scenarios efficiently Joint research project with the research association for drive systems and components (FVA)

The drive systems and components 67 influence factors describe the sector’s industry is one of the internationally most future successful sectors of the German engi- Within the research project 40 factors of neering industry. The sector is dominated the so called global environment where by medium-sized companies which are compiled in the areas of influence “gene- characterised by their quickness and fle- ral technological development”, “eco- xibility. In order to maintain and streng- nomy”, “environment”, “politics” and then their leading position in the interna- “society”. These global factors are descri- tional competition strategic foresight is bed in detail for the regions fundamental. An appropriate tool to anti- Germany/Central Europe, Russia/Eastern cipate the future and to find future suc- Europe and China. Additionally 27 secto- cess potentials is the scenario-technique. ral factors for the drive systems and com- In a joint research project with the ponents industry in the areas “custo- research association for drive systems mers”, “suppliers”, “competitors”, “sub- and components (FVA) the Heinz Nixdorf stitutes” and “industry specific technolo- Institute developed an information sys- gical development” are described. Every Innovative drive systems and components tem which enables companies to develop area of influence can be combined to future scenarios quickly, accurately and coherent future descriptions, so called cost-efficiently. “partial scenarios”. Strategische Technologiepla- nung mit Handle the quantity of information Information database for the practitioner Zukunfts-Szena- Scenarios are based on a large number of The provided information database facili- rien – Methoden, influence factors and future projections, Hilfsmittel, Bei- tates a quick access to relevant informa- spiele. which characterise relevant markets and tion in order to develop market and busi- VDMA-Verlag, business environments. The description ness environment scenarios for different 2008 of these factors, the creative anticipation countries or regions efficiently. The user is of future developments and the combina- guided step-by-step through the process tion of factors using the consistency ana- of scenario development. He can combine lysis generate significant effort. Our expe- the provided information with company- rience shows that many influence factors specific information to coherent, informa- and future projections are the same for tive scenarios. These scenarios are the one industry sector. This applies especi- basis for a substantiated strategic plan- ally to global as well as sectoral factors. ning. The provided 67 factors as well as Thus it is obvious to systematically store the coherent partial scenarios reduce the information and data once it is gathe- both complexity and effort for developing red and to update it regularly. scenarios to a minimum.

Funded by: Research association for drive systems and components (Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik (FVA)) http://www.fva-net.de

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Felix Reymann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 64 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68

Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Stephan Ihmels E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 37 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68

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Innovation-Database Rollout of the Innovation-Database for strategic product and technology planning at Dr. Fritz Faulhaber GmbH & Co. KG

Innovations require technological know- forms of presentation allow a target group how. The success of product and service related visualisation of contents e.g. for innovations in companies of the drives meetings of the innovation team or con- industry and related industries is deter- ceptual design workshops. Furthermore mined by the identification and applica- the Innovation-Database allows to create tion of future technologies. Within this first principle solutions of product ideas context the point is to detect opportuni- with morphologic boxes and to visualise ties from the technological progress and the planning of future technologies with future development of markets and to technology roadmaps. draw conclusions for tomorrow market services. Therefore companies need to Rollout regard both aspects: technology push In workshops each stage of and market pull. In this context we deve- strategic product and tech- loped a conception for strategic product nology planning has been and technology planning in close collabo- conducted for a training of ration with UNITY AG which has been rol- key staff with relevant led out successfully at Dr. Fritz Faulhaber methods such as scenario- GmbH & Co. KG. technique, portfolio-analyses and Delphi-studies. Conception – contents and results of the Besides the methodological Innovation-Database support future technologies The Innovation-Database is the central were identified and product point of our conception for strategic pro- ideas have been developed duct and technology planning. Technolo- in workshops and thru KIP: Key Performance Indicator gical know-how, new product and service investigations. Those were transferred to Navigation Structure of the Innovation-Database ideas as well as the results of systematic the Innovation-Database, which covers foresight is accessible company-wide wit- the innovation process from first product hin the Innovation-Database. A sophisti- idea to development release. The effi- cated editorial concept enables a simple ciency of the innovation management at support and update of content, at present Faulhaber has been raised significantly. e.g. about 350 technologies. Different

Project Partners: Dr. Fritz Faulhaber GmbH & Co. KG UNITY AG

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Volker Brink E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 64

Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Stephan Ihmels E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 37 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68

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Project Seminar Product Innovation Modern education of engineers helps companies

During the Project Seminar Product Inno- Our approach vation eight students and two researchers The tasks shown in the picture are carried deal with a real life product innovation out: project of a company. The seminar demands 20 weeks of hands-on work. The Foresight: Anticipation of future mar- 3-cycle-modell of product design is the ket and technology developments; methodical basis of this project. identification of success potentials and business options of the future. The participants and organisers of the seminar Main goal is a substantiated design of a Product Discovering: Identification of after a successful final presentation. new business. Based on this conception a product and service ideas, documen- company can decide whether to enter this tation of ideas; deriving requirements. new business and which investments are Conceptual Design: Development of necessary to succeed. The detailed the principle solution. results are a product concept, a concept Conceptual Design of the Production of a production system, a business stra- System: The main focus lies on the tegy, a product strategy and a business planning of processes, a make-or-buy plan. recommendation and the estimation of the production costs. Didactical goal is to thoroughly involve Business Planning: Development of a the students in an ambitious industrial business strategy, a product strategy project. The following skills are taught in and a business plan. this seminar: The methodology of strategic product Marketing and technical aspects are ana- Concept for an innovative handling robot develo- planning lysed likewise. ped during the smaller seminar conducted with Wilfried Strothmann GmbH. Project management The focus of the project, our approach Speech and presentation techniques and the used methods can vary depen- Interdisciplinary teamwork ding on the company specific task. At the beginning of the seminar a detailed project plan is developed together with the company. It especially states mile stones for the steering committee meetings with executives of the involved company.

Project reference: Miele & Cie. KG

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Karsten Stoll E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 43 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68

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Computer Integrated Manufacturing 39

CRC 614 Subproject B2 Domain-Spanning Specification of the Product Concept as a Basis for the Communication and Cooperation of Developers

The CRC 614 was established in 2002 and ted. Finally these principle solutions are is one of the most important projects of integrated into one principle solution of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. Prof. Gause- the whole system within the phase sys- meier is speaker of the CRC 614 and his tem integration. chair is involved in the subprojects A2 “Behavior-Oriented Self-Optimization”, B3 “Virtual Prototyping”, and B2 “Design Methodology”. RailCab: an innovative railway system Aim Subproject B2 integrates the specific methods of the other subprojects into one comprehensive set of tools, which enables third parties to develop self-opti-

mizing systems. A methodology for the Sphere of activity: domain-spanning specification of conceptual design of intelligent mechatro- the principle solution nic systems forms the basis. Domain-Spanning Specification Prodedure Model for the Conceptual The domain-spanning specification of a Partial model environment of a vehicle (cut-out) Design highly complex system needs to be divi- The procedure for the conceptual design ded into aspects. The subproject develo- consists of four phases. The task and the ped a holistic specification technique for requirements are identified within the the description of these aspects. The com- phase planning and clarifying the task. puter-based representation of these Subsequently variants for different appli- aspects takes place by different partial cation scenarios are developed and inte- models. The specification of the principle grated to one principle solution on the solution forms the basis for the communi- system’s level within the phase concep- cation and cooperation of the developers tual design on the system’s level. Within from different domains during the further the conceptual design on the module’s concretization of the system. Within the Partial model system of objectives of a vehicle (cut-out) level, the system is modularized and a concretization phase the developers work principle solution for each module is crea- in parallel.

Supported by: German Research Foundation

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Sascha Kahl E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 59 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68

Partial models for the domain-spanning description of the principle solution of self-optimizing system http://www.sfb614.de HNI_2008_34_41_EN_2009_03_10_KS_RIP_Gausemeier.qxp 11.03.2009 10:47 Seite 40

40 Workgroup

Manufacturing Process Planning for Structures with graded Properties Collaborative Research Center Transregio 30 Subproject D 5 – From component description to the manufacturing process

The research of structures with graded structures. To manufacture a shaft with properties and their manufacturing pro- graded properties the manufacturing processes is the aim of the Collaborative cess consists of the following operations: Research Center “Transregio 30”. Within 1) inductive heating of the blank, 2) free the subproject D5 we develop a metho- forming and cooling and 3) tool-bound dology for the synthesis of manufacturing forming and contact-cooling. processes for these structures. Procedure Graded structures The methodology starts with the compo- These are components with properties nent’s description. A CAD-model of the Locally inductive-heated steel shaft during the specially designed for their intended use. component is transformed into a so called forming process (Subproject A1, Prof. Steinhoff, Amongst others properties such as hard- “voxel-model”. A voxel is a cubic unit cell University of Kassel) ness and damping behavior can be set (volumetric pixel). Information on the across the component’s profile. This set- material properties are assigned to each ting takes place during the manufacturing of these voxel. Then the corresponding process. Graded components and their manufacturing process is derived from manufacturing processes open new this component description. First, manu- opportunities especially for lightweight facturing functions are identified, which design in the automobile and aviation are able to produce the desired material industries: Components fabricated of a properties. Then the manufacturing single material offer a resource-friendly functions are compared to feasible manu- alternative to composite materials. facturing technologies in a morphological matrix. Next the manufacturing technolo- Forming tool for the manufacturing of self-reinfor- Synthesis of manufacturing processes gies are combined to possible process- ced graded polypropylen sheets (Subproject A5, The component’s properties are deter- chains. This combination process is sup- Prof. Bletzki, University of Kassel) mined by its manufacturing process. The ported by a case-base and an ontology. design of the component and the manu- After that the process-chains, which pro- facturing process need to be done in an duce the desired properties of the compo- integrative way and in form of an inter- nent, are identified from the set of all pos- play. Therefore we need a methodology, sible chains with the aid of empirical which enables a syntheses of the manu- models. facturing process based on the component’s description. This methodology is Specification of the process-chains created in the subproject D5. The key ele- To describe the chosen process-chains we ment of the methodology is a knowledge use a specification technique, which base, which contains information about allows an intelligible description of the manufacturing technologies for graded manufacturing process.

Supported by: German Research Foundation http://www.transregio-30.com

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Dominic Dettmer E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 52 51|60 62 62 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68

http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/pe Procedure model for manufacturing process planning of graded structures HNI_2008_34_41_EN_2009_03_10_KS_RIP_Gausemeier.qxp 11.03.2009 10:48 Seite 41

Computer Integrated Manufacturing 41

Virtual Prototyping Platform Support for Design of Mechatronical Vehicle Systems

The aim of the virtual prototyping plat- the light leveling algorithm during a vir- form is to support the design of mechatro- tual test drive at night. nical vehicle systems. While a conventional light leveling system merely compensates the vehicle "Predictive" Bending Lights tilting motion resulting from acceleration Based on the Virtual Night Drive (VND) and decceleration processes, an adaptive driving simulator, which was developed at light leveling system additionaly consi- the Heinz Nixdorf Institute, the virtual pro- ders the vertical curvature of the road. totyping platform has been enhanced in While driving over a hilltop, the adaptive cooperation with our project partner Vis- leveling system tilts the headlights teon, Germany, to support the virtual tes- downwards onto the road to prevent any Exhibit of VND demonstrating P-AFS at the Ford ting of a Predictive Advanced Front- glare of the oncoming traf- techshow. lighting System (P-AFS). P-AFS detects the fic. When driving through a road curvature, based on on-board GPS dip, the system tilts the and data from a digital road map, before headlights upwards, in the vehicle enters a bend, turns the head order to increase the lights early into the bend, and thus, lighting range and the visibi- improves the illumination of the bending lity range of the driver to a road ahead of the vehicle. sufficient and save level. In order to optimize the illumination numerous control parameter values of the Steer-by-Wire algorithm, that turns the headlights, need In cooperation with the L- to be adjusted and evaluated during a vir- LAB the virtual prototyping tual drive at night. For this, Visteon's 4 km platform was expanded by testtrack in the Eifel was replicated in the an electronic steering P-AFS detects the bending road in front of the vehicle and turns the computer. For software-in-the-loop analy- wheel (steer-by-wire). The headlights early. ses, Visteon's original electronic control system simulates steering module, which turns the headlights, can resistance forces and provi- be connected to the virtual prototyping des a haptic feedback to the platform. Visteon exhibited the system on driver. In combination with Ford's techshow in April 2008 and drew driver assistance systems, lively attention of the public. steer-by-wire supports the driver in lane-change mano- Adaptive Light Leveling Systems euvres or as a parking assis- To support the evaluation of an adaptive tant. The system was a light leveling system, an adaptive control, crowd puller at the booth of which tilts the headlights according to the "Zukunftsmeile Fürstenal- current driving situation, was added to lee" at this year's industry The adaptive light leveling system tilts vehicle headlights on hilltops the virtual prototyping platform. The plat- fair in Hannover. and in dips according to the vertical curvature of the road. form enables the engineer to adjust and fine- tune the control parameter values of

Contact: Dr.-Ing. Jan Berssenbrügge E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 32 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68

Exhibit VND with steer-by-wire at Hannover Fair 2008. http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/pe HNI_2008_42_47_EN_2009_02_24_KS_IuG_Keil.qxp 11.03.2009 10:02 Seite 42

42 Workgroup

Computers and Society Computers and Society

Distributed Knowledge Organization – Advancing Transdisciplinarity Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil The topic of distributed knowledge organization has long been a focus of our research group. Still, the pervasion of diverse fields of application and topics over the course of the last year, demonstrated an increase of the adoption of transdiciplinary scenarios. In contrast to interdisciplinarity, which uses approaches, mindsets and methods of different disciplines, transdisciplinarity is understood as a form of integrative research that unites scientific and practical knowledge.

E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251 | 60 64 11 Fax: +49 (0) 5251 | 60 64 14 http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/iug HNI_2008_42_47_EN_2009_02_24_KS_IuG_Keil.qxp 11.03.2009 10:02 Seite 43

Computers and Society 43

The most prominent example of transdis- The biggest achievement of our trans- Good Tags – Bad ciplinary work is the koaLA system, as a disciplinary efforts is the approval of the Tags: Social Tag- mayor result of the Locomotion project. It graduate school “Automatisms: Structure ging in Knowledge unifies requirements for the support of Development Outside of Planned Proces- Organisation teaching and learning scenarios of stron- ses in Information Technology, Media and gly diverse scientific disciplines, while Culture”. Under the auspices of Prof. Hart- also being integrated into comprehensive mut Winkler (media sciences) cultural and administrative processes (cp. the descrip- computer scientists have gathered to ana- tion within the overview of this annual lyze automatisms with respect to their dif- report). After the end of the Locomotion ferent areas of research. The analysis will project, koaLA will at least be continued benefit from both theoretical means and for two more years by the University’s exe- the constructional approaches of enginee- cutive board as a platform accessible to ring. all University members. The underlying These achievements of infrastructure ideas, however, carry on further. development and theoretical reflection Midyear marked the beginning of a are complemented by a further transdisci- cooperative project with the Daimler AG. plinary procurement project of the HBFG. Its goal is the development of a tool sup- The project titled “Unified Collaboration, porting the cooperative advancement of Working with Virtual Knowledge Spaces” product development processes. This is a joint effort of computer scientists, goes beyond merely storing and indexing engineers and educationalists aiming at knowledge artifacts, by bringing the requi- developing working infrastructures and red knowledge for complex distributed technical systems for a utilization of high processes into the scopes of perception resolution video in their research. and action of the respective stakeholders. Sadly all our achievements were over- Thus discrepancies and misunderstan- shadowed by a tragic event. On the 20th dings may be noticed and eliminated at of August junior professor Dr. Thorsten an earlier point in time. Hampel unexpectedly passed away. His Production and education processes commitment and his competency have in this respect are related in multiple enriched the work of our research group in ways. Both disciplines require making uncountable ways. We mourn this loss knowledge artifacts accessible to human together with his family and relatives. action, in a way that fosters an efficient knowledge acquisition and makes the insights available to further knowledge work. This premise was demonstrated with tremendous success by the regional education network bid-owl, built in cooperation with the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. Based on the successful implementation the district government has decided to fully adopt the system as its main provider and to continue its close cooperation with our research group.

Prof. Dr. Thorsten Hampel next to a poster advertising his talk at Qingdao University, China, in October 2006 HNI_2008_42_47_EN_2009_02_24_KS_IuG_Keil.qxp 11.03.2009 10:03 Seite 44

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Locomotion Low-Cost Multimedia Organisation and Production

The locomotion project funded by the koaLA facilitates sharing ideas and BMBF under the topic "eLearning services knowledge not only within courses, but for science" was started in 2006 and suc- also in private and public groups that cessfully completed this July. The pro- every member can freely create. ject's main goal was bundling (and stre- In addition to functions supporting amlining) the university wide organizatio- the organization of courses and everyday nal structures. This also required integra- tasks of University staff members, a ting the diversity of employed IT systems series of innovative web-based learning holistically. Support for the knowledge scenarios are provided. This is demons- management section of the project was trated for instance by semantic positio- Prof. Dr. Reinhard Keil presents the outcomes of provided by the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. ning with the medi@rena composer, or the project at the final conclusion (Foto: Tanja Prof. Dr. Reinhard Keil, of the HNI, and Dr. discourse structuring tools like pyramid Bilanzola, Uni Paderborn) Dietmar Haubfleisch, the director of the discussions. University's Library acted as the appoin- koaLA takes advantage of the concept ted leaders of this subproject. Under their of virtual knowledge spaces for the pre- direction an IT infrastructure for sentation and storage of its elements like knowledge structuring within teaching, courses, groups, learning units, tutorial operation and administration was develo- groups, blogs, RSS feeds and more. It is ped. based on the open sTeam platform, which The system that supports co-active is successfully employed in a variety of learning and work (http://koala.uni- settings by a range of educational institu- paderborn.de) entered productive operations within the region and further pro- tion during the course of the project. Cur- jects all over the world. rently it is utilized in over thirty percent of The research group of computers and the University's courses, providing elect- society of the HNI will oversee the further ronic support to the teaching process. development of the koaLA system itself Visibly satisfied with the outcomes of the loco- More than 12000 University members use motion project (v. l.): Prof. Wilfried Hauenschild, and new related application scenarios. Andreas Brennecke, Prof. Reinhard Keil, Dr. Mar- the koaLA system during the winter term, The results of the knowledge manage- kus Toschläger, Dr. Anke Backer, OAR Friedhelm not only for accessing courses, but also to ment subproject were approved for conti- Pauen (MIWFT), MR Dr. Friedrich Bode (MWIFT), Vizepräsident Prof. Wilhelm Schäfer, Kanzler Jür- form self-administrated groups. nuation until mid 2009 by the University's gen Plato (Foto: Tanja Bilanzola, Uni Paderborn) In order to receive structural course library in cooperation with the HNI and and student registrations, the system was the University's center for information and attached to the module and exam admi- media technologies. Thus the developed nistration systems of the University. This benefits will remain available to all mem- allows teachers to provide not only lear- bers of the University even after the end ning materials within the system, but also of the project. to create modern communication facilities Aside from its use at the University of like forums, blogs and wikis. Electronic Paderborn, The Catholic University of reserve lists and sources of literature from Applied Sciences North Rhine-Westphalia the catalogs of the University's library are has also adopted the koaLA system in an linked to courses, to ease access to introductory phase beginning in October Supported by: course relevant literature. In essence 2008. Federal Ministry of Education and Research

Ministry for Innovation, Science, Research and Technology of the State North Rhein-Westfalia FKZ: 01 PI 05013

Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Daniel Büse E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 18 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14

http://locomotion.upb.de/ HNI_2008_42_47_EN_2009_02_24_KS_IuG_Keil.qxp 11.03.2009 10:03 Seite 45

Computers and Society 45

Mistel System Convergency in Education, Research, and Science

The project "Mistel" is aimed on one tem infrastructure. Such a system conver- hand, at the integration of systems for gence supports continuous and daily use creating and organising teaching materi- of knowledge management processes. als and on the other hand for digital docu- A Thermal shock laboratory was added ment and publication servers. Founded by to provide the system evaluation. This the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft was done in the Technical Mechanics (DFG, German research association) the department ( LTM) of the University of project is managed by Prof. Dr. Thorsten Paderborn, with support from private Mistel Architecture Hampel from the Heinz Nixdorf Institute, lecturer Dr. Ing. Ferdinand Ferber. The Ltd. Bibl.-Dir. Albert Bilo (university results of this collaboration represent library, University of Duisburg-Essen), and concepts of a service-oriented archi- Prof. Dr. Heimo H. Adelsberger (Business tecture for laboratories, as well as invol- Informatics for manufacturing business, ved service enclosure of an induction University of Duisburg-Essen). The project heating's functionalities (see Figure 1). started in February 2005 and will end Using the interfaces defined in the Mistel January 2009. Already in charge with the project, experimental results can be sto- project events, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil red directly in the digital document and took over the project responsibilities after publication server Miless. Miless also the unexpected death of our colleague forms the data basis for course reserve Prof. Dr. Thorsten Hampel. collection of the central universities plat- Mistel connects existing and speciali- form koaLA. Consequently, up-to-date sed systems to ensure a seamless data- research results from the technical and document flow among single compo- mechanics are immediately incorporated nents. Due to this system integration, the in infrastructures for teaching and lear- user is supported by a continuous assis- ning at the University of Paderborn. tance in respect of co-operative work and The technical project realisation knowledge processes, as well as transpa- builds on a service-oriented architecture, rent operation without any media brea- based on web services. Through the ches. The integration of such isolated sys- usage of open, established standards and tems, yield to new operative ranges. the development of clearly defined inter- Knowledge organisation is no longer limi- faces, the example architecture is very ted on single systems, rather different adaptable on new system groups. Supported by: systems are integrated to a flexible sys- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 53170 Bonn

DFG reference number: LIS 4 - 554 95 (2) UV Duisburg-Essen BIB 46 DBuv 02-01

Project Partners: Ltd. Bibl.-Dir. Albert Bilo University library of Duisburg-Essen

Prof. Dr. Heimo H. Adelsberger Business Informatics for manufacturing business University of Duisburg-Essen

Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Jonas Schulte E-Mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 19 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14

Service Encapsulation of an Induction Heating http://www.systemkonvergenz.de HNI_2008_42_47_EN_2009_02_24_KS_IuG_Keil.qxp 11.03.2009 10:03 Seite 46

46 Workgroup

koPEP Cooperative Product Development Processes

Nowadays the advancement of complex functions based on well-known Social- product development processes in the Software-Services support users in the automotive industry is no longer a task cooperative advancement of the process. that is performed top-down and locally Basically, the software is composd of centralized by just a couple of involved the following four elements. Within a pro- persons. To increase process efficiency it cess-wiki the product-development pro- is necessary to involve process actors cess is refined, documented and com- from later stages in the development and mented. Social Network Structures pro- the maintenance of the product develop- mote the enhancement within the pro- ment process. Product development cess-interest groups which can be formed teams (development, product planning interdivisionaly. Relevant information for and production control, procurement, the process is filed in the library, which is etc.) in the automotive industry are conceived as a document-management- spread over several continents working system. To integrate the platform into the together on the development of new pro- everyday work life of its users, the whole Coordination of product development is a highly ducts. Thus process development should system is embedded in the company's complex task (Quelle: Daimler AG, Stuttgart). be supported by appropriate tools, intranet. Information in these IT-Elements because knowledge about efficency of the are linked with established and well processes is equally distributed. Accor- known process and project management ding to this, product development proces- systems (ARIS and RPlan) ses are no longer developed top-down The platform is designed to support but evolve from active discourse of the the Daimler-Truck-Methods for product actors. development CVDS (Commercial Vehicle The goal of the koPEP-Project is the Development System). The main circle of establishment of a companywide platform users of this platform is a worldwide com- which offers the persons involved in the munity (Europe, USA, Japan) of members product development process the possi- form various specialist fields (Develop- bility to contribute to the design and furt- ment, Production, Procurement, Quality- her development. The software is based Management, After Sales, etc.), which is on the idea of providing data about the currently being assembled within the dif- current state of the process. In addition, ferent regions.

Project Partner: Daimler AG Stuttgart

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Christian Schild E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 17 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14 Configuration of the koPEP-Platform HNI_2008_42_47_EN_2009_02_24_KS_IuG_Keil.qxp 11.03.2009 10:04 Seite 47

Computers and Society 47

Learning on the Road A Ubiquitous Learning Environment

Some 12,000 children and juveniles in if required - be assigned to single pupils Germany change school every week as well as groups of learners. The pupils because their parents are occupational then work at their personal desktops with travellers. In cooperation with the district the documents and tasks assigned to government in Detmold, we have develo- them. All their work is automatically filed ped an innovative platform to provide a and archived in a well-structured way to ubiquitous learning environment that is support long-term learning processes universally accessible to these pupils. over the course of a complete year in During the travelling season, the chil- school. dren of people working on fairgrounds, of For the traveller's school, coordination

travelling craftsmen, inland sailors, and and communication between teachers Teachers and learners cooperate using virtual circus artists are taught in base schools. It and learners are of particular importance. desktops is not uncommon for a pupil to visit more For that purpose, all participants are than 40 different schools in different being informed whenever federal states of Germany as well as changes relevant to them have neighbouring countries during this time of occurred at documents. Pupils the year. The teaching time effectively may attribute a status to every available is often reduced to less than task assigned to them in order half of the teaching time that pupils get in to keep track of the tasks at ordinary schools. hand and to inform their teacher In the Detmold district, these mobile which tasks they currently work pupils are catered for in the traveller's on or have already been com- school "Learning on the Road". This is an pleted. educational opportunity that offers com- An integrated communica- plementary as well as additional learning tion module allows learners and content and improves the opportunity for teachers to exchange messages Assigning tasks to a pupil's desktop structured learning. Based on the open- so that pupils can ask questions sTeam platform, a new web application and teachers may provide additional was designed and realized which is tailo- information within the platform. An awa- red to the needs of teachers and pupils in reness module allows users to signal the traveller's school and the specific when they are available for communica- mentoring situation within that school. tion. Further communication modules, Using newest web technologies like AJAX, such as a - volatile - chat and a video chat we designed a user interface that in its are currently being tested. look and feel resembles a desktop appli- In addition to the platform being used cation rather than a conventional web in the traveller's school, we are also application. exploring which potential lies in a use in The core of the application is a perso- conventional schools. There, all pupils in nal virtual desktop that includes areas for the same form use a shared desktop the respective school subjects. There, which provides the same functionality as teachers can prepare task packages into the personal desktops of the learners in which resources from the bid-owl plat- the traveller's school. It is also currently form, a regional forum for education, as explored how the virtual desktops may be well as any other internet resources may used in other scenarios of knowledge be integrated. These task packages can work. Project Partner: then - adapted to the individual skill level Bezirksregierung Detmold

Contact: Dipl.-Math. Harald Selke E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 13 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14

http://www.lar-s.de HNI_2008_48_53_EN_2009_09_09_KS_AuK_MeyeradH.qxp 10.03.2009 19:22 Seite 48

48 Workgroup

Algorithms and Algorithms and Complexity Complexity

High Performance = Innovative Computer Systems + Efficient Algorithms Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide High computing performance can only be achieved by a combination of powerful computer systems and algorithms that solve the given application problems as efficiently as possible. There- fore the development of efficient algorithms has established itself as a classical branch of computer science. In our research area, we concentrate on solutions where current technological possibilities such as high performance computer networks, mobile wireless communication networks, or systems supported by specialized hardware pose new challenges for algorithm E-mail: [email protected] development. Phone: +49 (0) 5251 | 60 64 80 Fax: +49 (0) 5251 | 60 64 82 http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/alg HNI_2008_48_53_EN_2009_09_09_KS_AuK_MeyeradH.qxp 10.03.2009 19:22 Seite 49

Algorithms and Complexity 49

Modern computer systems enable expan- Computer Graphics: Real-time naviga- the analysis of internet traffic, web ding application areas in many respects: tion in giant scenes data, and human DNA sequences. In order to be able to navigate in a virtual Such data sets do not fit into the main Parallel computer networks can deal three dimensional space and to give a memory of a computer and cannot be with extremely complex algorithmic realistic optical impression of the chang- processed via classical algorithms. We problems. ing scene, enormous demands are therefore develop new methods to The Internet realizes global exchange imposed on the underlying data struc- deal with huge data sets. Similarly as of information and the interconnected tures that handle the scene and facilitate in election prognosis, we only try to computers could potentially be used the rendering of the individual pictures. analyze a small sample of the data as one giant parallel computing Currently we focus on the development of set. Therefore, we have to find and device. methods for choosing the most efficient analyze algorithmic methods to draw Wirelessly connected systems allow applicable rendering method in real-time, samples that are representative for flexible communication between dependent on the position and viewing the whole data set. In other scenarios mobile stations. direction. First we work on methods that (internet traffic), we can access the Hardware support for graphic applica- decide whether it is worthwhile to use whole data once, but we cannot store tions enables real-time navigation in culling methods. Moreover, we are explor- it. Here we try to maintain a small complex virtual scenes. ing the capabilities of our algorithms in sketch of the observed data that applications from Business Computing, in approximates the whole data set. A special challenge is posed by compu- cooperation with partners from the Heinz ting systems consisting of heterogeneous Nixdorf Institute. Randomization: A basic algorithmic components (e. g. differently powerful technique processors, storage devices or communi- Local Strategies in dynamic networks: The algorithmic work described above cation capabilities) with structural The new challenge has shown us that using randomized changes over time. Our research focuses Dynamic networks, i.e., networks whose procedures can produce amazing gain on the algorithmic challenges imposed by nodes change their (geometric, geo- in efficiency. Therefore we systemati- the realization and efficient usage of such graphic) position over time, play a major cally study the potential of random- heterogeneous, dynamic systems. role in many areas: They can, e.g., be ized algorithms and develop or apply used as data structures for moving methods of probability theory for ana- Parallel Computing: Peer-to-peer objects in Computer Graphics, as models lyzing them. based Web Computing for wireless mobile communication net- Computer networks can potentially supply works or as mobility patterns for robotic Our Teaching: Closely linked to nearly unlimited parallel computing explorations. Our example of an applica- research power. However, the efficient use of these tion scenario is the exploration of Our courses cover methods and con- networks is an extremely complex prob- unknown terrain by a large group of cepts of the development and analy- lem. Meanwhile, our PUB-library is used robots. Again, the task to design local sis of efficient algorithms. We also run by an international community of devel- strategies that yield globally acceptable project groups and support diploma opers. Now, our Web computing library behavior is a major challenge. theses that extend and apply our the- (PUBWCL) goes one step further and uses oretical insights in order to design effi- the Internet as a parallel computer. Some Handling huge data sets: New algorith- cient algorithms and libraries. of the main challenges are the peer-to- mic methods are required peer based construction and the neces- We are gradually confronted with massive sary dynamic load balancing strategies. data sets: They appear, for example, in HNI_2008_48_53_EN_2009_09_09_KS_AuK_MeyeradH.qxp 10.03.2009 19:22 Seite 50

50 Workgroup

Dynamic and Heterogeneous Networks Local Strategies for global Tasks

File Allocation in Dynamic Networks If the Smart Team consists of a large num- The widespread availability of mobile ber of robots and if the mission is perfor- phones and WLAN capable notebooks med on a wide terrain, it is often neither enables the creation of distributed ser- possible for all robots to communicate vices for mobile users (e.g. a common with each other nor for one robot to gat- schedule management for the sales her all the information and use it to con- department of a company). A basic requi- trol the others. Therefore, our robots rement for such services is an efficient should act in a self-contained way and way to share jointly used data. Such a only use information which they can gat- data management system has to provide her locally. It is our task to develop strate- two features in particular. Firstly, it has to gies for the robots, such as that the local guarantee the consistency of multiple behavior of the robots leads to a globally data copies, i.e. a read access must good solution. Since the fields of applica- always return the proper value. Secondly, tion and their circumstances are unknown an access should require as little commu- beforehand, we mainly concentrate on nication as possible. The latter can be investigating worst-cases in an analytical A mobile cellular network accomplished by placing one or multiple way. copies as near as possible to the current Within our scenario, several tasks can accessing nodes. The design of such a occur. These range from the exploration of data management system for dynamic the terrain to the maintenance of a com- networks faces two major challenges: The munication infrastructure and to the system cannot know beforehand which assignment of tasks to robots or groups of nodes will access the data in the future. robots, to the analysis and control of the So it has to place copies of the data in energy consumption of the Smart Team. such a cost-saving way even if the pattern A similar scenario arises when we consi- of accesses changes. Furthermore, the der swarms of tiny artifacts like smart par- nodes of the network and therewith the ticles which operate in a dynamic environ- copies of the data are moving. Thus, the ment. These can also be used to explore system has to constantly evaluate the deep oceans, for example. In this case, positions of copies even in times of a the particles not solely control the move- steady access pattern. ment, but the movement is also influen- Smart Teams During last year we focus on a power- ced by the dynamic environment, for aware data management system for example from currents. Again we face the mobile cellular radio networks. We tho- problem of a restricted communication roughly investigated such a system poten- between the particles, and again it is not Supported by: tial in cases where both the data acces- possible to have one particle which con- DELIS ses and the node movements are control- trols the others. We once more need local DFG-SmartTeams FRONTS led by an adversary. We thereby measure strategies which lead to a globally good IGS the quality in terms of the competitive behavior. PaSCo-GK ratio, i.e. by comparing the cost incurred by our strategy to that of an optimal strategy which knows the data accesses of Contact:: the future as well. Dipl.-Inform. Bastian Degener E-mail: [email protected] Smart Teams Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 69 A Smart Team is a group of robots with the

Dipl.-Inf. Jan Mehler aim to perform certain missions in ter- E-mail: [email protected] rains which are inaccessible for humans. Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 33 Possible application areas could be the exploration of outer planets, the deep-sea Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Barbara Schneider or contaminated areas on earth. Rescue E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 69 missions and the search for natural resources are two kinds of applications http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/alg for these scenarios. Collective Exploration of City Block Graphs HNI_2008_48_53_EN_2009_09_09_KS_AuK_MeyeradH.qxp 10.03.2009 19:22 Seite 51

Algorithms and Complexity 51

Dynamic and Heterogeneous Networks Peer-to-Peer Based Systems

Robust Peer-to-Peer Networks Peer-to-Peer Based Parallel Computing Peer-to-peer networks belong to the class Computationally intense calculations like, of so called overlay networks, i.e. the net- e.g., crash test simulations or the weather work is built on top of a physical network forecast, are usually conducted on huge, (e.g. the internet) which is used to realize expensive parallel machines, which are the communication between the nodes often solely acquired for this purpose. But (peers) of the overlay network. An impor- since in many companies and institutes tant property of peer-to-peer networks is there are hundreds or even thousands of the symmetric functionality of the peers: computers, which are only utilized at a every peer acts as a server and as a client very low extent, it is obvious to exploit the simultaneously. This property bears the immense available computing power for Random networks as building block for complex potential of excellent resilience to net- such complex calculations (and, thus, peer-to-peer networks work failures, since a faulty peer can be save acquiring a pricey parallel machine). replaced by any other peer in the network. But the computers in a company net- On the other hand, peer-to-peer networks work are not available at all times, e.g., are highly dynamic, i.e., peers continu- due to a system hang or because an ously join and leave the network. employee (temporarily) heavily utilizes Therefore, robustness is of major the computer for his own work and thus importance when designing a peer-to- has no resources left. Therefore, a peer network. It is reasonable to choose a management software, which flexibly simple network structure that can be adapts to changing parameters and is maintained in case of strong dynamics fault-tolerant in cases of single failing and therefore guarantees the functiona- components, is required for using the lity of the network. This criterion is met by computer cluster as a parallel machine. random networks. We developed techni- The importance of these aspects is even ques to build and maintain random net- greater when extending the scenario of works without central coordination parallel computation from a local compu- mechanisms. In particular they allow ter network to the Internet. maintaining properties such as logarith- Our Paderborn University BSP-based mic diameter or expansion by local Web Computing (PUB-Web) Library sup- "handshake" operations only, and do not ports these features: as a peer-to-peer cause communication overhead. system, it dynamically adapts to the The applications of these random net- changing environment of a computer networks are manifold. Due to the low com- work. By periodically creating automated Architecture of the AEOLUS test environment munication cost they are suitable to backup copies of the process states, PUB- increase the robustness of arbitrary peer- Web guards against failures of single to-peer networks. For this, the existing computing nodes. Employing intelligent network is extended by a random network load balancing algorithms, the continu- that acts as a reliable backbone. Further- ally fluctuating available computation more, random networks may be used as power is fairly shared among all parallel building blocks for complex networks. Our processes. semantic peer-to-peer network 3nuts, for In order to demonstrate the power of Supported by: DELIS example, is based on a tree structure PUB-Web under real conditions, we have AEOLUS where the nodes of the tree are replaced built a test environment consisting of by random networks and thus allow us to more than a 100 networked computers combine the benefits of search trees (effi- spread all over Europe. This research is Contact: cient search) with those of random net- also part of the project AEOLUS, suppor- Dipl.-Inform. Peter Mahlmann works (robustness, simplicity). ted by the European Union. E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 33

Dipl.-Inform. Joachim Gehweiler E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 34

http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/alg HNI_2008_48_53_EN_2009_09_09_KS_AuK_MeyeradH.qxp 10.03.2009 19:23 Seite 52

52 Workgroup

Dynamic and Heterogeneous Networks Distributed Data Management

Storage networks over the virtual space and with high pro- The demand for digital storage increases bability, SPREAD chooses enough physi- because of the growing trend of centrali- cal disks to satisfy the needed redun- zing services on the internet, e.g. video- dancy. RedundantShare builds a weight- portals, online banking or forums. This function over the physical disks, each confronts IT with many new challenges. In weight depending on the size of the disk many areas the demands on size, speed and the number of replications. With this and reliability can no longer be met solely weight function, RedundantShare ensures through physical devices. Very early vir- to compute the physical disks needed to tual volumes were developed to increase solve the redundancy degree. Redun- the qualities of the physical storage. The dantShare is also analyzed in Peer2Peer- best known representative in this area is Networks. In these environments the RAID. Unfortunately such, predominantly whole physical storage is not visible for static solutions cannot meet the increa- every node. With PeerReplication the sing demands. A special new demand, research group Algorithms and Comple- which is not satisfied by static solutions, xity developed an extension of Redun- is scalability. It describes the ability to dantShare, which is optimized for this match the qualities of size, speed and kind of network. reliability online with increasing demands. V:Drive V:Drive is a storage virtualization solution Algorithms for data distribution developed in cooperation with the The research group Algorithms and Com- research group System and Circuit Tech- plexity developed some diverse algo- nology and the Paderborn Center for rithms that distribute data on physical Parallel Computing (Jun.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. storage. All algorithms support replication André Brinkmann). It enables the user to patterns like RAID, Erasure Codes or Even- create virtual volumes on physical sto- Odd-Codes. The algorithms RedundantS- rage, which support qualities in size, hare, SPREAD and DHHT have different speed, reliability and scalability and properties, but they all support the redun- which are until now, only supported by dant placement of data in a heterogene- expensive enterprise storage systems. ous storage system and assure a high The data distribution algorithms descri- scalability. bed earlier are an important part of DHHT affords the advantage of a V:Drive. An algorithm called Share is used monotonic distribution which only requi- for a non redundant distribution of data. res local information. DHHT by oneself One focus of development in V:Drive is grants no optimal usage of physical sto- the redundant distribution of data using rage. This assures an extension of DHHT RedundantShare. After completion of this called DHHT-RAID. RedundantShare and task V:Drive will be released as an open SPREAD use randomized algorithms to source solution for storage virtualization support a nearly optimal distribution with for the operating system Linux in 2009. high probability. For all data distributed

Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Sascha Effert E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251/60 66 15 Fax: +49 (0) 5251/60 64 82 http://wwwhni.upb.de/alg/mitarbeiter/fermat/

Dipl.-Inform. Gunnar Schomaker E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251/60 64 51 Fax: +49 (0) 5251/60 64 82 http://wwwhni.upb.de/alg/mitarbeiter/pinsel/ HNI_2008_48_53_EN_2009_09_09_KS_AuK_MeyeradH.qxp 10.03.2009 19:23 Seite 53

Algorithms and Complexity 53

Algorithms for Computer Graphics

Performance Prediction and Adaptive current situation, the overall frame rate Rendering Algorithms increases. Every new generation of graphics-hardware expands the boundaries of the com- Aggregated 3D Rendering of a Simula- plexity of virtual 3d-scenes that can be tion Experiment rendered in real-time. Even consumer The validation of material flow models as hardware allows visualizing and walking well as the selection of promising strate- through scenes consisting of several Milli- gies for the generation of a successful ons of triangles. However, elaborated experiment plan is a time-consuming pro- objects, e.g. emerging from 3D-CAD appli- cess. We developed a new approach, cations, can still exceed the abilities of which supports the simulation expert’s Classification of a 3d-scene according to the number of visible objects. current hardware. Therefore, many diffe- working process by giving him the oppor- rent rendering-algorithms have been tunity to modify the simulation run and to developed in the area of computer gra- afterwards compare the effects of his phics. They allow to visualize huge modification with the original setting amounts of data in real-time without con- online in a single user interface. The siderably reducing the quality of the final workflow is implemented by switching image. visualizations between simulation runs or Occlusion-culling algorithms e.g. try to opening up to 5 parallel 3D windows. Our identify and reject parts of the scene, new method clones existing simulation which are occluded by other objects and runs online and allows for 3D-navigation thereby reduce the complexity. within these existing simulations to run. Tokens in front of the tailback are rendered with lower transparency as tokens at the end of the As these algorithms typically make The method has been implemented and tailback. use of special properties of the hardware is validated by a test model, which descri- and the scene, their efficiency heavily bes the new working process of a modeler depends on the performance of different in detail. The research question, which parts of the hardware, the design of the was derived from this approach, is the scene and the current position of the user aggregated 3D visualization of multiple inside of the scene. virtual scenes or simulation runs in a sin- Our goal is to anticipate the running gle rendering window. We enhanced the time of different algorithms. This allows approach for an aggregated animation of us to select an algorithm, which is most a simulation experiment in a single inter- suitable for the current hardware configu- active 3D environment, visualizing multi- ration, scene and position at runtime. ple, distributed simulation runs. The Hence, we have to identify and measure general approach of a 3-dimensional Visualization of multiple simulation runs in one the most relevant hardware dependent visualization of material flow simulation user interface. parameters of the different methods (e.g. helps to quickly and superiorly under- the number of renderable triangles per stand the dynamic behavior of a system. second, duration of an occlusion test But it remains unclear, whenever the ani- etc.). We also need to determine the diffe- mated simulation represents the model rent properties of the scene (like the num- typically, if there are stochastic influences ber of visible objects for every position in for some parameters. The integrated Supported by: DFG-AVIPASIA the scene). For this we develop and ana- visualization of multiple distributed simu- PaSCo-GK lyze approximation procedures, e.g. lation runs in a single 3D rendering ViProSim based on adaptive sampling, which sub- window, helps the user easily and quickly DFG-AlgoEngCG divides the scene according to the analy- to understand the underlying behavior of zed property in a pre-processing step. the modeled system. We tested our sys- Based on the resulting scene-classifica- tem for a typical simulation study of a Contact: tion and the model of the hardware, the queuing system. Moreover, the 3D-view of Dr. rer. nat. Matthias Fischer runtime of different rendering algorithms the simulation model offers help in com- E-mail: [email protected] can be estimated and compared at run- munication and discussions of decisions Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 66 time. By always selecting the expectedly with non-simulation experts. Dr. rer. nat. Martin Ziegler most efficient algorithm according to the E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 30 67 HNI_2008_54_61_EN_2009_03_10_KS_EpS_Rammig.qxp 10.03.2009 19:25 Seite 56

54 Workgroup

Design of Distributed Design of Distributed Embedded SytemsEmbedded Systems

Distributed Embedded Real-time Systems Become Manageable Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

Informatics is everywhere; the technical world ranging from mobile phones to entire fabrication plants is governed by informatics today. More than 20 billions of micro processors and the software running on the top of them control as Embedded Systems whatever forms our technical environment. The mission of the research group “Design of Parallel Systems” is making contributions to a seamless design process for Distributed Embedded Real-time Systems (DERty). This central scientific challenge has to be considered to cover all phases and aspects

E-mail: [email protected] of such a process. Phone: +49 (0) 5251 | 60 65 00 Fax: +49 (0) 5251 | 60 65 02 http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/eps HNI_2008_54_61_EN_2009_03_10_KS_EpS_Rammig.qxp 10.03.2009 19:25 Seite 57

Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 55

Today’s IT concepts can be seen in any Designing complex systems requires pro- mic interconnection structure (“Intelli- technical artefact and there is a tendency cesses that start at the level of abstract gent Herds”). These approaches are to interconnect all these IT-enabled arte- models. During the last years the Unified used in order to implement highly reli- facts. By this a Cyber Biosphere (CBS) is Modeling Language (UML) became the able hardware, novel kinds of sensor created, constituting an artificial “organ- widely accepted modelling standard. We networks, or adaptive production con- ism” of up to now unknown complexity. A are working at modifications and extensi- trol systems. Currently we are studying billion of computers, interconnected via ons but also on complementary ap- such an approach for self-healing OS- Internet constitute the vanguard, a billion proaches. Aspect-oriented Modelling is services running on top of an autono- of IT-enforced automobiles and billions of being discussed in the modelling commu- mous hardware platform. arbitrary IT-enabled artefacts, all of them nity, at recent times also in the area of We are investigating the potentials with an increasing tendency to be inter- embedded real-time systems. Especially of reconfiguration of the underlying connected will follow. This “organism” in cooperation with UFRGS Porto Alegre, hardware as well. These research acti- consisting of computers, networks, sys- Brazil, we are developing means to sup- vities are bundled under the theme tem software, and application programs port this approach in the DERty context. A DERty RuSt (Reconfigurable Systems). is characterized by complexity, heteroge- model-based approach opens new poten- Having designed a seamless tool chain neity, and most important a high degree tials for systematic testing. In contrary to called Part-E which especially supports of volatility. Objects of the Cyber Bio- “classical” model-based testing, we start partial and total reconfiguration at run- sphere are interacting continuously like very early, at the phase when an initial time, we currently investigate how so- their biological counterparts do since bil- model is created by means of a require- called Algorithmic Skeletons may be lions of years. To govern this organism ment document. A semantically well-foun- used to ease designing reconfigurable completely novel design and operating ded modelling approach allows formal hardware and at the same time to paradigms have to be developed. The verification of such models. Currently we enhance the quality of implementati- scientific community discusses ap- are concentrating on run-time verification ons. Of course dynamic reconfigura- proaches like “Autonomic Computing”, by means of On-the-fly Model Checking. tion implies additional danger. In prin- “Organic Computing”, “Self Coordina- This adds an additional verification ciple it is hard to distinct whether a tion”, or “Biologically Inspired Compu- potential, especially for systems which change of structure is due to a mal- ting”. From our point of view the term include emergent behaviour. function or due to an intended reconfi- Cyber Biosphere characterizes the emer- Typically real-time applications are guration. We are applying methods of ging global system most adequately. built on top of real-time operating sys- Artificial Immune Systems to generate It is our mission to contribute substan- tems. DREAMS (Distributed Real-time systems that are adaptive and robust tially to novel design approaches for such Extensible Application Management Sys- at the same time. This approach a scenario, which in more technical terms tem), our fine-granularly customizable makes use of the reconfigurability of may be characterized also as Distributed real-time operating system, has been the hardware in an offensive manner, Embedded Real-time Systems (DERty). totally redesigned and now is called i.e. anti-means against malfunctions We continue concentrating on three main ORCOS (Organic Reconfigurable Operating can emerge by directed reconfigura- topics: System). It shows extremely fast reaction tion, inspired by biological immune DERty UML: Specification, modelling, tes- times and at the same time has a very systems. ting, and formal verification of embedded small footprint. We made it available to Our three research areas: DERty real-time systems the Open Source Community. Currently UML, DERty DREAMS, and DERty RuSt DERty DREAMS: Component-based distri- ORCOS is extended towards self-optimiza- are closely connected. In addition, we buted real-time operating systems and tion and virtualization. We are integrating investigate a variety of applications, software synthesis on-line Model Checking as system service ranging from self-optimizing systems DERty RuSt: Reconfigurable hardware/ into our RTOS library. An additional deve- of mechanics via mobile ad hoc net- software systems lopment followed by us considers appli- works to emotion recognition systems cations which are distributed to a high based on advanced image processing. degree and are characterized by a dyna- HNI_2008_54_61_EN_2009_03_10_KS_EpS_Rammig.qxp 10.03.2009 19:25 Seite 58

56 Workgroup

DERty UML Model-Based Development of Embedded and Electronic Systems

Despite its wide acceptance in software hardware and software platforms by engineering, the UML is still not well means of transformation rules. established in the areas of Systems-on- For development of electronic sys- Chips (SoCs) and embedded systems. On tems, we have developed an extension of the one hand this is due to the sheer the SysML-based ARTiSAN Studio in complexity of the UML as well as to the cooperation with ARTiSAN Software in the varieties of its domain specific customiza- context of the European funded SATURN tions, i.e., the UML profiles. On the other project. The extension covers the imple- GenERTiCA hand this is since UML-based modeling mentation of an UML profile for the cap- tools still do not provide adequate inter- ture and code generation of synthesizable faces for the verification-based design SystemC. During the next years, this will environments. Therefore, that gap has be further extended to capture an integra- always to be bridged by time-consuming ted SysML modeling environment for Sys- manual transformations. In this context, temC and Matlab/Simulink with code one major problem is that behavioral UML generation for synthesis and co-simula- means including their full semantics are tion. This work is executed with other not fully supported by most UML tools industrial partners like INTRACOM, Thales and we cannot find any support for Security, and Extessy. In cooperation with embedded systems and SoC interchange the University of Cantabria, the environ- formats and languages, like IP-XACT and ment will be complemented by a seman- SystemC. tics preserving code generation. During 2008, we achieved fundamen- In the domain of SoC design, the UML tal results to foster the application of the has great potential for early specification ARTISAN Studio Extension for SystemC Entry UML throughout the entire embedded and for IP management and multilevel IP systems and SoC development process. integration covering, for instance, trans- These are first steps to bring the UML into action level and register transfer level. In a homogeneous industrial engineering this context we defined and implemented based systems development process. We a SPRINT UML profile for the specification reached this by the development of novel level modeling (SLM) and for IP-XACT- application-oriented methods and tools based integration (IP-XACT V1.4) of Sys- as well as by dedicated verification sup- temC and VHDL components. The profile SPRINT Component Diagram for IP-XACT-Based port and technologies. covers among many other features Data- Multi-Level Integration Flow, Master, Slave, and SystemGroup Methods and Tools component ports for SLM and IP-XACT Our activities in the field of systematic support. That work is executed in the fra- tool supported design flow focus on the mework of the European funded SPRINT general area of model-based design of (Open SoC Design Platform for Reuse and distributed embedded real-time systems Integration of IPs) project in cooperation and SoCs. Despite of the previously men- with leading European semiconductor tioned observations and shortcomings, companies like Infineon, NXP, and ST several investigations during the last Microelectronics. years have demonstrated the potential The systematic development of test applicability of the UML2 and its applica- environments derived from natural tion-specific customizations like the UML language based requirement specificati- profile for SoC, MARTE and SysML, during ons is another important aspect in the several design phases. development of model-based develop- For the entry of non-functional requirement of mechatronics systems, which is ments, we developed GenERTiCA (Genera- executed in the subproject of B3 of the tion of Embedded Real-Time Code based SFB 614. The current work considers the on Aspects) as a plugin for MagicDraw. step-wise transformation of requirements GenERTiCA is based on aspect-oriented into an UML-based intermediate format. concepts. Based on the UML2 standard The test environment as well as test and the MARTE profile, UML elements are sequences can be finally generated from translated to source code for different the intermediate format. The transforma- HNI_2008_54_61_EN_2009_03_10_KS_EpS_Rammig.qxp 10.03.2009 19:26 Seite 59

Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 57

tion is implemented via the classification Online Verification tree method for embedded systems In the context of the C2 sub- (CTM/ES), which was introduced by Daim- project of the SFB 614 we lerChrysler. For automatic generation of develop a technology for for- test environments, we extended classifi- mal verification of safety cri- cation trees by constraints as well as by tical systems, which may acceptance and coverage specification modify or exchange their based on the concepts of SystemVerilog software components during assertions. runtime. Run-time verification typically focuses on Validation and Verification monitoring of the actual The AUTOSAR standard defines an archi- computation, so that errors tecture, interfaces, and exchange formats can only be detected after Classification Tree for the Specification of Test Sequences for network-based automotive software. their appearance. In contrast, In the BMBF funded TIMMO (TIMing our model-based approach takes the MOdel) project, we cooperate with Audi, actual state of the implementation to Volkswagen, Volvo, Bosch, Continental compute the next k reachable steps at Automotive, Symtavison, TTTech, ZF Fried- model level. Provided the correctness of richshafen, ETAS and Chalmers University, the next k steps is guaranteed, the com- to develop an extension of the AUTOSAR putation can be executed. For that, the standard by timing specification. As such, verification is tightly cross linked with the TIMMO develops the so-called TADL execution and potential errors are (Timing Augmented Description detected before they are executed. In Language), which syntax is defined by an addition to the model itself, its properties

UML meta model along the AUTOSAR have to be defined, which are specified Setup for the Validation of TIMMO Results standard. TADL basically supports the by Real-Time OCL constraints. For the veri- specification of deadlines and run-time fication, we generate finite state machi- constraints of software components, like nes (FSMs) and ACTL/LTL formulae from end-to-end timing. Such timing specifica- UML state machine diagrams and OCL tion is required, for instance, for static constraints. The online verification is timing analysis like by SymTA/S by Symta- finally executed as an operating system vision. In cooperation with TTTech and service at specific points in time. Symtavision, we are setting up a validator for the validation of the TADL concepts. Our Steer-by-Wire validator integrates Supported by: SATURN (FP7 216807) AUTOSAR compatible tools and most SPRINT (FP6 027580) recent FlexRay technology of different ven- TIMMO (BMBF/ITEA 01IS07002) dors. Mechatronics components of the vali-

dator were developed together with the Contributors: group of Prof. Trächtler. Joint research Dipl.-Inform. Markus Becker with that group also covers investigation Dipl.-Inform. Da He of configuration and reconfiguration of Dipl.-Inform. Kay Klobedanz Dipl.-Inform. Fabian Mischkalla FlexRay networks with focus on the aspect Dipl.-Ing. Dalimir Orfanus of the configuration of the real-time ope- M.Sc. Marco Aurelio Wehrmeister rating systems (RTOS) of the different Dipl.-Inform. Tao Xie nodes. Dipl.-Inform. Henning Zabel Dr.-Ing. Yuhong Zhao

Contact: Dr. Wolfgang Müller E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 61 34 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 61 65 HNI_2008_54_61_EN_2009_03_10_KS_EpS_Rammig.qxp 10.03.2009 19:26 Seite 60

58 Workgroup

DERty DREAMS Distributed Real-time Extensible Application Management System

Self-optimizing Systems architecture on nodes with minimal hard- The goal of the project C2 within the CRC ware. To improve security and dependabi- 614, in cooperation with the working lity even more, on the basis of our RTOS a group of Professor Rückert (HNI), is the hybrid virtualisation platform will be development of an RTOS for self-optimi- developed. A central characteristic of the zing systems. A special challenge of such platform will be to fulfill the requirements an RTOS is the support of either strongly of embedded self-optimizing real-time different application classes or changing systems. Within this scope several soft- application profiles. In order to provide and hardware architectures as well as the services for such applications in an emulation strategies are investigated. optimized way, the designed RTOS has the capacity to adapt itself during runtime Organic Computing to the current requirements of the appli- The development of embedded systems cation in a resource-efficient manner. The for energy-constrained, wireless networks RTOS analyses the current conditions/ enables a variety of novel applications. In constraints and optimizes itself indepen- this application area, inexpensive embed- dently by means of reconfiguration. ded systems with a small footprint are Despite the reconfiguration activities, at scattered over an area in order to build a each time, a safe system is ensured wireless sensor network. NanoOS, an Avnet Virtex Board: an execution environment for where the deterministic treatment of all operating system developed by our the evaluation of our real-time operating system DREAMS safety-relevant tasks under adherence to group, was specially designed for this the given time constraints has to be gua- kind of networks. In order to deal with the ranteed. hardware constraints, the operating sys- Part of our self-optimizing RTOS is a tem services of NanoOS are distributed Flexible Resource Manager. This manager over the nodes and used collectively. optimizes the resource allocation of the There are severe challenges that applications and services of the system. impact the development of our NanoOS. Specifically it puts unused resources First, in an ad hoc scenario, nodes on (from services and applications) in a node which our operating system is deployed at other application’s disposal. A special can change their position. Second, the mechanism, which is comparable to the migrated OS services often have real-time acute stress response of the human body, requirements. The first challenge is Wireless Multi-Hop Telephony enables the flexible release of resources addressed by a service migration which for the handling of emergencies in self- dynamically adjusts the position of ser- optimizing mechatronic systems. In the vices within the network. The decision current research work of the C2 sub-pro- which service is migrated to which other ject, these resources for self-optimizing node is based on self-optimization algo- agents are transparently made available rithms from the field of organic compu- to other nodes in a network of controllers. ting. The advantage of these algorithms is Therefore, the concept of the local optimi- that they are based on local information zation of an operating system instance is and interaction. extended to an RTOS network. The pur- In order to make NanoOS scale to sued approach is based on decentralized large network sizes, we developed a clus- ant algorithms. tering algorithm which is based on the A run-time verification mechanism self-organizing division of labor in ants. In allows to ensure the security of applicati- nature, an ant colony consists of different ons and services of the operating system morphological castes, which determine during on line reconfiguration and optimi- an ant’s fitness for a given task. Its fitness zation. This mechanism is integrated into together with the necessity determines the RTOS. the tendency of an ant to take over a task. To improve security and dependability Using this mechanism, the ant colony is our RTOS DREAMS was converted into a capable of efficiently reacting to changes configurable micro kernel architecture. in the composition of its population and The challenge was to implement this pending tasks. Applied to our clustering HNI_2008_54_61_EN_2009_03_10_KS_EpS_Rammig.qxp 10.03.2009 19:26 Seite 61

Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 59

algorithm, the nodes are the individuals by which robots are able to choose the of the colony. This way, e.g. a node with best robot to imitate only based on visual good connectivity and high energy reser- perception. That includes the distinction ves is a good candidate for assuming the between robots that are similar to the imi- role of the cluster head. The probability to tating robot from those that are too dissi- take over a certain role is based on the milar – e.g. because of different hardware node's fitness for this role and the neces- morphology. sity of change. After a node’s role changes to cluster head, it starts recruiting new RTOS-Simulation members in order to reach a defined mini- To improve the simulation performance of mum amount of resources that need to be Real-Time-Operating-Systems the Paderkicker available in a cluster. Besides connection research group of Prof. Rammig develops management and routing, our develop- a canonical RTOS-Model on top of Sys- ment also aims at employing algorithms temC in cooperation with the University of from the area of organic computing to Irvine CA, USA. The model consists of ensure the satisfaction of QoS require- basic operations to describe task swit- ments. ches and the handling of interrupt Our work in the domain of wireless requests. It allows the representation and networks considers protocols for ad hoc simulation of existing operating systems telephony nets in enterprises. Replacing on a PC. wired telephone installations, phones The simulation of execution times should rather communicate via multi-hop requires the separation of the source connections with one another and, code in atomic blocks with an annotation through special gateways, with the out- of their execution times for the target pro- side world. The biggest challenge with cessor. Accurate simulation of execution this are the rigid QoS requirements which times can be achieved by special hand- Supported by: such networks must meet. From the end ling of annotated time and separated German Research Foundation: SFB 614, TP. C2 (RTOS/RCOS for user’s point of view, this primarily con- scheduling of software and interrupt ser- Self-Optimizing Systems) cerns the end-to-end delay which is per- vice routines, although the time annota- SPP 1183 - Organic Computing ceived annoying even when it surpasses tion is coarse grained. New approaches (A Modular Approach for Evolving Societies only very little time thresholds. To ad- for timing annotations allow the efficient of Learning Autonomous Systems) dress the QoS conditions, an optimized representation of execution times and European Union: Project e-CUBES cross-layer protocol was developed where give constraints for the separation of the EDA-Zentrum: MAC, topology control and routing work source code. The approach has been eva- Project AIS (Autonome Integrierte Systeme) together. luated in cooperation with DSPACE at In our project "A Modular Approach AUTOSAR compatible software for ECUs. for Evolving Societies of Learning Autono- The mapping of OSEK-RTOS to the canoni- Research Team: mous Systems" within the Priority Pro- cal model and the annotation of execu- Dipl.-Inform. Michael Ditze gram "Organic Computing" we develop an tion times within the source code facili- Dr. rer. nat. Dania Adnan El-Kebbe approach for realizing self-organizing and tate in addition to an efficient functional Dr. rer. nat. Marcelo Götz self-optimizing autonomous systems that simulation timing analysis with small Dr. rer. nat. Tales Heimfarth show emergent behavior in societies of errors. Dipl.-Inform. Isabell Jahnich Dipl.-Inform. Katharina Stahl such systems. We investigate how a sys- Dipl.-Inform. Peter Janacik tem can learn to use its capabilities in Dipl.-Inform. Timo Kerstan changing environments while at the same Dipl.-Inform. Johannes Lessmann time paying attention to the overall group Dipl.-Inform. Simon Oberthür behavior. For behavior assessment we fol- Dipl.-Inform. Willi Richert Dipl.-Inform. Henning Zabel low decentralized evaluation functions based on socio-biological paradigms like emotions and drives. To support fast adaptation of a system’s behavior we Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Timo Kerstan combine individual exploration with imi- E-mail: [email protected] tation of successful behaviors of team Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 15 mates. There we developed an approach Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 02 HNI_2008_54_61_EN_2009_03_10_KS_EpS_Rammig.qxp 10.03.2009 19:26 Seite 62

60 Workgroup

DERty RuSt Reconfigurable Embedded Systems

The research area DERty RuSt focuses in Algorithmic Skeletons the development of design tools and opti- Algorithmic Skeletons detach the mization concepts for reconfigurable structure from the behavior in a system. embedded systems in the hardware area. They were introduced by Murray Cole in The priority areas of research consider 1980. Originally the main application fault-tolerance, self-repairing, dynamic area of Algorithmic Skeletons was parallel reconfiguration, self-organizing systems computing in clusters and grids. Through and biologically inspired computing skeletons, the programmer is liberated (some results can be seen in the book from giving the structure of its implemen- Biologically-Inspired Collaborative Com- tation, specially the assigning of proc- puting edited by Mike Hinchey, Anastasia essors for the appointed problem. Algo- Pagnoni, Franz J. Rammig, Hartmut rithmic Skeletons present a structured Schmeck). order for parallel computing. Algorithmic Skeletons are part of a Immunorepairing specific library, which is used by the pro- Immunorepairing applies concepts of grammer at the moment of writing a pro- Immunocomputing for fault-recognition gram. By the use of Algorithmic Skele- Algorithmic Skeletons: Farm, Iterative, Divide & Conquer and Cluster and takes the reconfiguration characteris- tons, the programmer is compelled to tic of FPGAs for implementing self-repair- deliver some structure information in ing. Immunocomputing transfers through order to get an efficient execution of the Biologically Inspi- formal models the principles of informa- programmed algorithm for example in red Collaborative tion processing of proteins and immune reconfigurable systems. Computing. WCC 2008, Milano, networks to the resolution of complex Moreover, Algorithmic Skeletons are Italy. Edited by: problems. Free binding among proteins similar to high order functions of func- Mike Hinchey, inspire Formal Immune Networks, which tional languages. In this context, a Python Anastasia Pagnoni, Franz J. are able to learn, recognize and solve pro- library of Algorithmic Skeletons is written Rammig, Hartmut blems. This method is based in the Singu- as a repository of skeleton models and for Schmeck lar Value Decomposition of a matrix. documentation purposes. Examples of Small learning and recognition times and skeleton models are: pipe, farm, divide a good resource efficiency regarding and conquer, iterative and cluster. These memory and computing can be reached examples are illustrated intuitively in the thanks the inherent compression applied drawings at the left of this page. by the algorithm. Making use of this efficiency, Immunocomputing can be used Signal processing front-end for speech for on-line error detection. recognition Fault tolerance can be reached The applicability of the different algorith- through error detection and fault reco- mic skeletons will be proved by the very. Immunorepairing implements fault design of a signal processing front-end for tolerant circuits by means of cytokine-For- speech recognition. Different types of mal Immune Networks and self-testing speech coders described using algorith- Immunorepairing systems. Fault tolerant circuit synthesis mic skeletons may be exchanged in real for a big system may be possible within a time using dynamic reconfiguration. linear time by means of circuit partition- Thereby, a VHDL library of algorithmic ske- ing. Every part of a partitioned circuit letons for dynamic partial reconfiguration keeps stored a set of transformed test is being implemented. A Channel Vocoder vectors and reparation mechanisms. model is presented using a combination When the system is in operation, of pipe and farm skeletons. The systolic inputs/outputs are evaluated by means of skeleton is used for the description of the the cFIN algorithm. The self-repairing cir- convolution in time domain. The Sinusoi- cuit profits from the efficiency of the dal Transform Coding model is designed method and the inclusion of specific using the Divide and Conquer skeleton to reparation procedures. describe the Digital Fourier Transform. All models are implemented as synthesizable RTL code. The hardware demonstra- HNI_2008_54_61_EN_2009_03_10_KS_EpS_Rammig.qxp 10.03.2009 19:27 Seite 63

Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 61

tor is implemented on top of the Erlangen The DySCAS middleware system has a Slot Machine, an FPGA development layered architecture consisting of two board implemented specially for dynamic groups of run-time services: Core serv- reconfiguration applications. ices, providing the native middleware support for dynamic self-configuration, DySCAS (Dynamically Self-Configuring and optional services that provide neces- Automotive Systems) sary transparent operation and execution Future application scenarios for electronic support in particular target environments. vehicle systems include simultaneous Following the concept of autonomous access to a number of mobile devices that architecture, the DySCAS middleware build ad-hoc networks with built-in devi- architecture is also layered into three DySCAS Architecture ces and utilize network-based services. levels of services. The task level, the high- Due to the nature of automotive systems est level DySCAS services, offers services (simple intuitive interfaces which are for autonomic and self management. The highly integrated with the car environ- elementary operation level services are ment), there is a strong need to provide a responsible for generating, planning and platform that is capable of hiding the synchronizing dynamic operations on the inherent complexity of the system from target platform while guaranteeing de- the user whilst nevertheless enabling pendability and QoS. The primitive opera- advanced features and making optimal tion level services support the manage- use of resources as and when they ment of resource deployment and system become available. This imposes very high configuration on target platforms and demands on the configuration flexibility infrastructure. and scalability of the systems which cannot be fulfilled by current state-of-the-art vehicle electronic architectures. The EU- funded DySCAS project develops and adapts basic mechanisms and concepts for the dynamic reconfiguration of systems, ranging from algorithms for runtime configuration, middleware solutions, to basic software implementation technologies, e.g. operating systems and communication networks. DySCAS also provides architectural patterns for a laye- Supported by: red software architecture suitable for TP²R² - DFG: SPP1148 deployment in automotive control sys- Projekt DySCAS - EU: FP6 tems that support the generic provision of self-management behaviors which include self-configuration, self-healing, Research Team: self-optimization, and self-protection. The Dipl.-Inform. Isabell Drüke DySCAS results are validated through the M.Sc.-Eng. Norma Montealegre implementation of demonstrator applica- Dipl.-Inform. Philipp Adelt Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Thuy tions to showcase features such as auto- Dipl.-Inform. Willi Richert matic discovery of new devices, software Dipl.-Inform. Markus Koch download, and software relocation. With- M. Sc. Matthias Schnelte in DySCAS we are dealing with load Dipl.-Inform. Katharina Stahl balancing within the infotainment net of a Dr. rer. nat. Achim Rettberg vehicle. Therefore, already existing scheduling strategies must be adapted and if necessary newly developed. Additionally, Contact: real time requirements of the application M.Sc.-Eng. Norma Montealegre E-mail: [email protected] to be distributed and the reconfiguration Phone: + 49 (0) 5251/60 64 93 must be considered. Fax: + 49 (0) 5251/60 65 02 HNI_2008_62_69_EN_2009_01_29_KS_ScT_Rueckert.qxp 11.03.2009 10:06 Seite 64

62 Workgroup

System and Circuit Technology System and Circuit Technology

Microelectronics – Key Technology and Challenge Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert

With the growing use of integration technology in almost all areas of life, microelectronics has become the key technology of the modern information society. The systematic design of resource-efficient microelectronic systems and their use according to specific demands constitute the central research aim of the Research Group of System and Circuit Technology.

E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251 | 60-63 46 Fax: +49 (0) 5251 | 60-63 51 http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/sct HNI_2008_62_69_EN_2009_01_29_KS_ScT_Rueckert.qxp 11.03.2009 10:07 Seite 65

System and Circuit Technology 63

Key Technology Microelectronics equip technical products The unbroken revolutionary progress of with cognitive skills in microelectronics is the driving force order to improve their behind the devolopment of new products functionality and to make with noticeably extended functionality them more reliable and and increased capability at lower costs. user-friendly. Even beyond the year 2010, the develop- Examples of cogni- ment of microelectronics will not be tronic systems have restricted by physical or technological lim- developed in nature in itations so that challenges lie in the mas- great numbers over the tery of the design complexity – the tech- course of evolution. It nological standard is more than a Billion therefore makes sense to transistors on the area of a square cen- transfer biological infor- timetre – and in the economical use of mation processing princi- The Innovation Award from North Rhine-Westphalia in the category Innovation was awarded to Professor Reinhold Noé (Optical Communi- these technological possibilities. ples onto technical sys- cation and High-Frequency Engineering) and Professor Ulrich Rückert Against this background, the research tems. Central to our work (System and Circuit Technology). group of System and Circuit Technology is the analysis of the the- develops microelectronic devices and oretical capability and the integration- systems in digital and analog circuit tech- oriented realisation of such principles. nology. A special focus is on massively parallel realisations and on the evalua- Mediatronics tion of the resource efficency of such Mediatronics is an interdisciplinary implementations. Here, resource effi- research field at the Heinz Nixdorf Insti- ciency means to handle the physical tute, which is concerned with the situative quantities space, time and energy eco- integration of technical products and sys- nomically. tems into open systems. In future, these Our research and technological trans- systems will be marked, to an even fer activities concentrate on the central greater extent, by a decentral organisa- domains of Cognitronics and Mediatron- tion of dynamically connected, intelligent ics. The theoretical and practical educa- components. tion of students in managing and master- Our aim is to develop and provide ing the key technology of microelectronics methods and techniques that enable in concrete applications of information technical products to communicate and and automation technology goes hand in cooperate efficiently. Here, we follow new Microelectronics as technological basis for hand with our research work. approaches to use the available comput- Mediatronics and Cognitronics. ing power and network resources effi- Cognitronics ciently in order to optimally meet the Cognitronics deals with the development demands for service quality and reliability of microelectronic circuits for a resource- of future communication systems. efficient realisation of cognitive systems. It is the aim of our research activities to HNI_2008_62_69_EN_2009_01_29_KS_ScT_Rueckert.qxp 11.03.2009 10:07 Seite 66

64 Workgroup

Electronics for Intelligent Sport Clothes Automatic game recording and analysis in team sports

Motivation and aim two cameras, which are mounted at the The idea of the project is to combine a hall ceiling. The video data are postpro- computer-based video analysis together cessed in order to identify positions of with a data aqcuisition system for physio- the players and to track all players on the logical data. field. The main objective is to present the inter- The result of this combination of data nal physical strain as well as the external can be presented graphically in which the conditions of the players during indoor internal physical strain (such as heart ball-games such as basketball and hand- rate) and external conditions (for exam- ball. Match and player analysis links the ple, running speed) can be analyzed. player's positions and movement pattern Such analysis options are new and usu- with his heart rate to estimate the player's ally only available in special laboratories individual stress level to a particular for tests under standardized conditions. situation. Electrodes in the player's shirt Basketball player with intelligent sport clothes record his physiological parameters and Cooperation and outlook transmit them wirelessly, giving the trai- The collected physiological parameters ner or sports scientist real-time access to and video data will be available mainly for the respective data. the trainer but also for sport scientists. On the scientific level we cooperate with Intelligent clothes in sport the research group of Sports Medicine In order to record the physiological data (Prof. Dr. M. Weiß) and Applied Mathema- (heart activity, skin conductance and tem- tics (Prof. Dr. M. Dellnitz) of the University perature) of the athlete an optimized of Paderborn. The objective is to detect hardware has been designed in the Sys- specific pattern and to analyze the com- tem and Circuit Technology Group. This plex pattern series in the game as well as Breast belt module with integrated sensors, eva- hardware is integrated into a sport shirt the analysis of medical related spot data. luation and communication unit as well as power equipped with integrated electrodes. Via The recording and analysis of games of supply (photos: Jan Braun/HNF) the integrated sensors of the shirt the the Paderborn Baskets, a team of Ger- physiological data is collected. Following man's first basketball league, has been the data collection some signal proces- used to evaluate the system. The system sing is optionally performed and then the will be demonstrated in the Heinz Nixdorf data is transmitted via a wireless commu- MuseumsForum during the special exhibi- nication technology to a central computer tion Computer.Sport starting in January or PDA. 2009. In addition to the local setup and A training session or game is captured the project description an interactive by a video tracking system consisting of video will be available to the visitors.

Research Award: Research Award 2006 of the University of Paderborn

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Per Wilhelm E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 39

M.Sc. Emad Monier E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 35

Dr.-Ing. Ulf Witkowski E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/en/sct/projects/ Video system for capturing match action and recording of physiological data HNI_2008_62_69_EN_2009_01_29_KS_ScT_Rueckert.qxp 11.03.2009 10:08 Seite 67

System and Circuit Technology 65

Cooperating Mobile Mini-Robots Robots form communicative teams and act autonomously

Motivation reconfiguration of the FPGA device. For Robots are getting more and more essen- experiments with cooperating robots and tial in our daily life. The use of mobile wireless access to the robots, the wireless robots is no longer limited to a few speci- technologies Bluetooth, ZigBee, and fic applications and areas, but they are WLAN are implemented and supported. now everywhere. The wireless networking This enables the robots to integrate com- of robots is of particular importance, fortably into existing WiFi networks. enabling the robots to exchange data via the communication technology used by Mobile ad-hoc network humans. On the other hand, the robots The BeBot is, due to its small size and communicate among themselves, for available computing power, an ideal plat- example, for successful cooperation and form for multi-robot experiments. One team behaviour. scenario arranges the development of mobile ad-hoc networks, in which robots, The BeBot mini-robot BeBot mini-robot using an exploration algorithm, record The development of mobile robotic sys- data from tems, including easy-to-use wireless com- their environ- munication solutions, is a complex chal- ment and lenge. We are following the approach, to send it via an use mobile mini-robots in order to study ad-hoc net- complex scientific issues. Small but work to a powerful robots can be handled effi- base station ciently on a small scale within the frame- for visualiza- work of the development of complex tion. The applications. From this background, in robots them- cooperation between the workgroups selves form "System and Circuit Technology" (Prof. communica- Rückert) and "Computer Integrated Manu- tive nodes facturing" (Prof. Gausemeier) in the Heinz inside the Nixdorf Institute, the flexible mini-robot network, pla-

platform BeBot has been developed, cing them- Mobile ad-hoc network performing wireless com- where, in addition to the robust drive sys- selves dynamically to ensure communica- munication between robots and the base station tem, a modular architecture with powerful tion robustness with the base station, information processing is realized. even in the case of highly dynamic topolo- The mini-robot BeBot integrates on a gies. The sketched scenario is part of a small area of 90mm x 90mm a powerful problem which is being solved in the EU- Supported by: small computer based on the PXA270 funded project GUARDIANS (project num- German Research Foundation GZ: INST 214/47-1 FUGG processor, which is used in many PDAs. ber: 045269). EU Sixth Framework Programme The information processing is supplemen- GUARDIANS, project no. 045269 ted by several microcontrollers and an Teleworkbench platform FPGA, with which the algorithms can be A particular challenge for multi-robot

accelerated through the use of paralle- experiments is the setup, implementation Contact: lism, for example, to allow the real-time and analysis of complex experiments. For Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Herbrechtsmeier processing of captured images on the this we have developed the Telework- E-mail: Stefan.Herbrechtsmeier @hni.upb.de robot. The operating system used is bench, which is, after several years of Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 42 Linux, so that a large number of existing successful use, currently under optimiza- M.Sc. Andry Tanoto software tools for program development tion and will be rebuilt based on future E-mail: [email protected] is available. In addition to the comforta- requirements. The new platform supports Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 35 ble support of access to sensors and multi-robot experiments on an area of 16 actuators through the operating system, m2 with 64 robots and provides an inter- Dr.-Ing. Ulf Witkowski functions are provided for the dynamic active analysis software. E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/sct HNI_2008_62_69_EN_2009_01_29_KS_ScT_Rueckert.qxp 11.03.2009 10:08 Seite 68

66 Workgroup

Sub-threshold Standard Cell Library Energy-efficient circuits optimized for minimal supply voltages

Motivation The design goals were high robustness Increasing computing power is no longer and a supply voltage of 200mV. A 90nm the only trend of digital integrated cir- semiconductor process technology was cuits. Many applications have a rather low chosen for implementation of the stan- demand of processing power, at least dard cell library. temporarily during operation, and can benefit from energy reduction methods. Test chip Economical usage of electrical energy is Based on the sub-threshold standard cell especially desirable in mobile, battery- library, arbitrary low-power digital integra- powered devices, such as notebooks, ted circuits can be synthesized from a mobile phones, or MP3 players. hardware description by software tools using the existing design flow. As an Subthreshold operation example application 15 test chips, consis- Layout and die photograph of the sub-threshold The most effective method for power ting of four 32 bit ALUs (arithmetic logic test chip with four ALUs reduction in integrated circuits is lowering units), operand registers and further test the supply voltage. At the same time the logic were fabricated and measured. The clock frequency must be reduced due to results show that complex synthesized the increasing propagation delay of the systems can operate in the sub-threshold logic cells. This leads to a further region, offering high energy efficiency. reduction of power dissipation. In princi- The minimum energy consumption of one ple, circuits are still operable, if the sup- ALU was measured with 0.45pJ per ply voltage is decreased below the thres- instruction at a supply voltage of 210mV hold voltage of the transistors, this is cal- and a clock frequency of 3MHz. This is led sub-threshold operation mode. A approximately 15% of the energy per number of challenges arises though, instruction, that is consumed during ope- which must already be considered during ration at 1V supply voltage. Measured energy consumption of implemented the design of a sub-threshold circuit. ALUs Effects that can be ignored for operation Outlook above the threshold voltage, may lead to Further work is the implementation and malfunction in the sub-threshold region. fabrication of a sub-threshold version of Such effects are e.g. process parameter the N-Core processor, that was developed variation (across wafers and chips), mis- at the departement of System and Circuit match (inside wafers), temperature Technology, based on the sub-threshold effects, noise in the domain of reduced standard cell library. Such a processor noise margins, and radioactive radiation. could e.g. be integrated into applications Therefore the design of highly robust sub- aimed at highly energy-efficient informa- threshold circuits is necessary. tion processing. Another plan is the further optimization of the existing sub-thres- Standard cell library hold library. For this, a multi-goal optimi- Supported by: In this regard a special standard cell zation of the standard cells is necessary International Graduate School library, dedicated to sub-threshold opera- to ensure robustness of operation and Dynamic Intelligent Systems tion, has been implemented at the depar- ressource efficiency. Paderborn tement of System and Circuit Technology.

Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Sven Lütkemeier E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 44

Dr.-Ing. Ulf Witkowski E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/sct HNI_2008_62_69_EN_2009_01_29_KS_ScT_Rueckert.qxp 11.03.2009 10:08 Seite 69

System and Circuit Technology 67

QuadroCore A dynamically reconfigurable multiprocessor

Reconfigurable Multiprocessors bility. The decision of altering the existing Today's microelectronic devices are typi- structure is driven by the application cally composed of multiple processors, being executed. Hence, the choice of working in parallel. Such a fixed archi- resources and their variations are deter- tecture often renders resources as unused mined during compilation and requested or inefficiently used depending on the at run-time. A quick, single cycle run-time application that is being executed. This reconfiguration ensures low overhead in influences resource efficiency, power con- terms of time required to reconfigure the sumption and the overall system perfor- resource connectivity. A special reconfi- mance. An alternative is to design appli- guration instruction executed during run- cation-specific instruction-set processors time connects the existing resources. (ASIPs). However, these processors are Using program analysis, it is possible to optimal in terms of performance and identify parts of the code that execute the energy efficiency only for a single applica- same instructions on different data ele- tion. In order to achieve a balance bet- ments, thus switching QuadroCore to ope- ween application domain customisation rate in SIMD mode (Single Instruction and generality, a reconfigurable archi- Multiple Data) via run-time reconfigura- tectural template, called QuadroCore, is tion. In this mode of operation, a single proposed at the research group Systems processor performs the instruction fetch Design space exploration for application map- and Circuit Technology. Reconfigurable and decode operations for all the partici- ping for QuadroCore connectivity between the existing resour- pating processors. This results in signifi- ces is added as an architectural feature. cant energy savings. Additional modes This feature extends the usability of Qua- include adapting QuadroCore to enable droCore to applications with varying fast synchronisation and communication resource requirements and degrees of mechanisms. parallelism. Additionally, both time and The QuadroCore architecture, compri- power requirements are considered in sing four existing 32-bit RISC processors order to optimize the application map- called NCore, was mapped on UMC's ping. The architecture and programming 90nm standard cell technology. A diverse environment has been developed in co- set of applications such as Elliptic Curve operation with the research group Pro- Cryptography and a machine learning gramming Languages and Compliers (Pro- application (Self-organizing Maps) was fessor Kastens). mapped onto the QuadroCore architecture, with reconfigurability introduced Dynamic Reconfiguration during run-time. A speed-up of 3.5 com- The primary optimisation objective is pared to a single processor, along with resource efficiency, i.e., to significantly associated energy savings of more than improve performance and energy effi- 25% were observed. ciency with minimum cost for reconfigura-

Contact: M. Sc. Madhura Purnaprajna E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 48 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

Dr.-Ing. Mario Porrmann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

QuadroCore enables switching between the different modes during run-time http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/sct/ HNI_2008_62_69_EN_2009_01_29_KS_ScT_Rueckert.qxp 11.03.2009 10:09 Seite 70

68 Workgroup

Reconfigurable Computing Cluster A cluster of tightly coupled dynamically reconfigurable units

Motivation the SCT group. The RAPTOR-XPress base Dynamically reconfigurable HW/SW sys- board can be equipped with up to four tems are a key research topic at the Heinz daughterboards and provides extensive Nixdorf Institute. As a core technology for capabilities for system management and these systems, on-chip multiprocessors communication. The host connection is are developed at the research group Sys- realized using eight PCI Express channels. tem and Circuit Technology (SCT). These Using a dedicated PCI Express switch on architectures are a promising alternative the base board, each daughterboard can to current processors thanks to their use the full bandwidth of 16 GBit/s to the energy efficiency. For the analysis and host, allowing a fast, low-latency access prototypical implementation of the new of the host CPU to each FPGA in the sys- architectural concepts, an FPGA-based tem. Furthermore, interfaces for USB 2.0 dynamically reconfigurable computing high-speed and Gigabit Ethernet are avai- cluster has been developed, which allows lable. a fast and easy evaluation of new hard- For communication between FPGA ware and software concepts. A powerful modules, the RAPTOR-XPress base board and flexible communication infrastructure offers direct connections between adja- between the FPGA nodes in the cluster cent modules. This allows a ring topology enables the fast emulation of hundreds of between all modules of one board, offe- processors using the cluster. ring a bandwidth of 80 Gbit/s with very low latency. Furthermore, a central switch Architecture FPGA on the base board offers the modu- The dynamically reconfigurable compu- les an additional bandwidth of 10 GBit/s ting cluster is based on a large number of in any topology. For the communication dynamically reconfigurable hardware ele- between multiple RAPTOR-XPress base ments (FPGAs) connected by a powerful boards serial high-speed connections are and flexible communication infra- used. The topology of these connections structure. This infrastructure enables a can be changed at run-time using a high-bandwidth and low-latency commu- 192x192 Cross Point Switch (1248 Gbit/s nication between all FPGAs in the cluster aggregate bandwidth) on the base board. as well as between FPGAs and the general Moreover, FPGAs with direct connection System architecture of the reconfigurable cluster purpose processors (CPUs) of the host to the front-side bus (FSB) of the host systems. Central component of the cluster computer are integrated into the cluster is the RAPTOR-XPress system, a modular to support a wide range of high perfor- rapid prototyping system developed in mance computing applications.

Supported by: German Research Foundation GZ: INST 214/48-1 FUGG

Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Jens Hagemeyer E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 53 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

Dr.-Ing. Mario Porrmann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/sct/ Overview of the RAPTOR XPress architecture HNI_2008_62_69_EN_2009_01_29_KS_ScT_Rueckert.qxp 11.03.2009 10:09 Seite 71

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Reconfigurable Computing Cluster Self-organizing maps for the analysis of hyperspectral data

Motivation Implementation The composition of planetary surfaces in Self-organizing maps cannot be processed our solar systems is one main topic in efficiently using today's sequential pro- today's unmanned space exploration mis- cessor architectures. Therefore, new paral- sions. The data is gathered using photo- lel architectures with extremely high pro- metric methods subsumed under the cessing power and energy efficiency have name of „hyperspectral imaging“. Hyper- been developed in the SCT group. The ulti- spectral images are different from com- mate goal of this project is the implemen- mon photography in their ability to cap- tation of an Application Specific Integra- ture the spectrum from near infrared to ted Circuit (ASIC) capable of accomplis- ultraviolet light. Every pixel represents the hing all necessary computations on board spectral signature of a certain area on the of a satellite. Depending on the specific surface, made up from several hundred application requirements, the system can spectral bands. This signature allows for be operated either in a mode for low Aerial photo of Houston, TX, eight different frequency bands are shown drawing conclusions about vegetation, power consumption or in a mode for high mineralization, contaminations, or the computing power. presence of water. The prototypical implementation of the Huge amounts of data are gathered system is realized using the reconfigura- during each of these missions, and the ble computing cluster developed at the information processing is very time and SCT group. The computing cluster features energy consuming. Particularly, onboard 72 dynamically reconfigurable FPGAs and data processing and onboard data-analy- a powerful communication infrastructure. sis demands for highly efficient methods. More than 7000 processors, developed In a cooperation with the research particularly for neural network simulation, group System and Circuit Technology can work simultaneously on the calcula- (SCT), Professor Merényi from the RICE tion of self-organizing maps. This accele- University in Houston (Texas, USA) is rator system is the largest of its kind using self-organizing maps for the analy- worldwide; it can reduce the processing sis of hyperspectral data. This approach is time for typical datasets in the area of used to cluster pixels with similar signatu- hyperspectral imaging from days to minu- res and allows for a largely autonomous tes. analysis of data and for a significant reduction of data voulme.

Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Christopher Pohl E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 43 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

Dr.-Ing. Mario Porrmann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51 RAPTOR boards, developed at the department of system and circuit technology, are being used for the simulation of self-organizing maps http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/sct HNI_2008_70_77_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Trächtler.qxp 11.03.2009 10:12 Seite 72

70 Workgroup Control Engineering and Control Engineering and MechatronicsMechatronics

Model-based Design and Optimisation of Intelligent Mechatronic Systems Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Ansgar Trächtler Model-based design is an essential technology in the development of mechatronic systems. The specification of components such as actuators and sensors as well as controller synthesis and tests of the system are based on models. Thus integration of modelling and simulation into the design process is of vital importance in the development of intelligent mechatronic products.

E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251 | 60-55 80 Fax: +49 (0) 5251 | 50-55 79 http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/rtm HNI_2008_70_77_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Trächtler.qxp 11.03.2009 10:12 Seite 73

Mechatronics and Dynamics 71

Model-based Design and Optimisation of model in view of the required features, Intelligent Mechatronic Systems such as bandwidth, maximum force, or The model-based design of mechatronic input power; other features, such as systems provides the basis for a compu- weight or dimensions, can then be deri- ter-aided layout and analysis of future ved from this specification. In addition to products and their features by means of a the individual components, the behaviour model already in an early design phase. of the overall system, including control Our aim is to increase the informative and software implementation, can also value of the models and of product featu- be examined. res derived from the model in such a way Model-based design of a vane-pump actuator that it will be possible to significantly Controller Design and Optimisation reduce the number of expensive tests on The design of feedforward and feedback elaborate prototypes. Models can be control systems is firstly a matter of obtai- employed successfully also in the opera- ning a desired functional behaviour (qua- ting phase, e.g., in on-line diagnosis or lity of control, robustness). Yet, with com- condition-based monitoring. After all, plex hierarchical systems it is equally models of the dynamical behaviour are an important to keep the complexity mana- indispensable element in the analysis geable by means of the control structure. and synthesis of controls and in their Here the use of cascaded control structu- optimisation. res has proved its worth. While on the lower levels decentralised, often single- Modelling and Analysis of the System loop controllers are used, multiloop controllers are increasingly employed on the Quarter-vehicle test bench for an X-by-wire chas- Behaviour sis The very foundation of our work is a physi- upper levels. The controllers can thus be cally motivated modelling that has the put into operation "bottom-up". As is the advantage that the models are transpa- case with modelling, the control design rent and extensible and provide deep has also to make use of signal interfaces insight into the system. The challenge is that can be interpreted in a physical way. to employ a modelling depth that is Optimisation methods provide a powerful appropriate to the task, especially if the tool for the design of controls. For this models have to fulfill real-time conditi- purpose the design requirements have to ons. Often a system requires several be quantified to serve as quality criteria. models with varying levels of detail or As the different design requirements are models describing different aspects, e.g., usually contradictory to some degree, the dynamical behaviour (in control engi- multi-objective optimisation methods Parameterised identification of parallel kinema- neering), the shape (CAD model), or an FE have to be applied that yield the best tics model to compute force-induced stress. possible compromise. In the context of We are working on methods that aim at a the Collaborative Research Centre 614, certain consistency in the models, for we are working on self-optimising con- instance by means of index-reduction trols that will be able to adapt themselves methods. An important use of modelling to changing objectives and aims. The methods is in the design of mechatronic methodology employed here is based on systems. By means of analyses in the the multi-objective optimisation that runs time- and frequency domains, actuators on-line during operation in so-called „soft and sensors can be specified with the real time". HNI_2008_70_77_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Trächtler.qxp 11.03.2009 10:13 Seite 74

72 Workgroup

Self-optimisation in Hierarchical Systems Concepts of Hierarchical Structuring for Intelligent Mechatronic Sys- tems

chassis In the context of the Collaborative Hierarchical Optimisation Research Centre 614 we do research on The behaviour of self-optimising systems self-optimising mechatronic systems that is determined by a multitude of someti- have inherent partial intelligence and are mes conflicting goals. Examples of those thus able to adapt themselves autono- goals are an increase in comfort or a mously to ever changing demands. The reduction of energy consumption. Self- systems in view represent highly complex optimising systems are able to react auto- products in mechanical engineering. In nomously to varying impacts by selecting actuator actuator module module the C3 subproject, we are developing hie- an appropriate compromise between rarchical structuring concepts for reducing these goals. Thus for instance a vehicle complexity and, on this basis, methods running up a slope might do without for designing these systems and impro- maximum comfort in order to reduce cylinder cylinder cylinder cylinder cylinder cylinder left 1 left 2 left 3 right 1 right 2 right 3 ving their behaviour. energy consumption. For a choice bet- In the following, we will illustrate the ween several possible compromises the advantages of structuring using the exam- corresponding system configurations are ple of hierarchical optimisation. With determined by means of a decentralised Hierarchical structure of the test bench for the active suspension of the RailCab these methods a mechatronic system is hierarchical optimisation. able to adapt itself to changing environ- In principle, every subsystem of the mental conditions while simultaneously overall mechatronic system has goals of chassis optimising for instance comfort and its own for which compromises are com- energy consumption. puted individually. In the process, configurations providing the desired behaviour Hierarchical Modelling are determined separately for every sub- The central element of the self-optimisa- system. The interaction between the sub- energy consumption comfort tion approach is a hierarchical model that systems is taken into account by an targets comprises the entire system. Its basis is a exchange of abstract objectives. mechatronic system that is decomposed Due to the abstract and compact actuator module into its subsystems, not according to a model description and the decentralised, domain-specific classification but to so- hierarchical optimisation approach it is called motion functions. For instance, a possible to handle even huge systems passenger car has the motion function efficiently. Thus, for the test bench of the “move chassis” that is made up of other active RailCab suspension we could simu- energy consumption quality of control functions like “move wheel”. late an autonomous adaption of the sys- The result is a hierarchical tem behaviour to varying excitations indu- targets decom-position of the mechatronic sys- ced by the rail. cylinder tem. Now every subsystem is modelled individually, with subordinated subsystems having to be dealt with as well. In energy consumption quality of control order to reduce complexity on the higher hierarchical levels, the subordinated sys- Hierarchical optimisation tems are included in the model only as abstractions. For this purpose the models are systematically stripped of their irrele- vant elements. The result is a hierarchical model that Contact: has the advantage of providing on every Dipl.-Ing. Eckehard Münch level a model that is as simple as possi- E-mail: [email protected] Phone: + 49 (0) 5251/60 55 65 ble yet represents all relevant effects with fair accuracy. Dipl.-Math. Martin Krüger E-mail: [email protected] Phone: + 49 (0) 5251/60 55 68 Fax: + 49 (0) 5251/60 55 79

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Mechatronics and Dynamics 73

Active Guidance Innovative Concepts for Self-Steering Railway Vehicles

Conventional Passive Guidance ral direction (track clearance). Within this center pivot axle Conventional railway vehicles are kept on clearance the lateral dynamics of the hydraulic cylinder the track by a passive mechanism. The vehicle can be actively controlled by conical tread of the wheels and so-called means of steerable axles in view of mini- rigid axles on which the two wheels are mising the wear caused by flange con- supporting frame fixedly connected induce a swaying tacts and lateral slip. If the course of the loose-wheel set motion of the axle on the track, the so- track is known the vehicles will have the eddy-current sensors called hunting that makes the axle centre possibility to feedforward the steering itself. Up to a critical velocity this motion and thus guarantee an optimal tracking RailCab axle module without linear motor remains stable; beyond this point it is performance that will improve comfort only limited by the track clearance. The while at the same time reducing both the result will be flange contacts that prevent wear and energy consumption. further displacement. Yet, flange contacts occur also in normal operational mode at Passive Switches low velocities, e.g., because of track irre- An active guidance is a prerequisite for gularities or in narrow corners. Along with enabling individual vehicles to leave a increased wear, flange contacts cause convoy at switches. Certain specialised, also unnecessary lateral excitations on so-called passive switches are also nee- the vehicle. ded where the two directions are permanently open and not blocked alternately Hunting of a conventional solid axle and run across a switch in active tracking mode Physical Design of the RailCab Chassis by the blades. When passing such a The guidance of the RailCabs uses a sin- switch the vehicle is steered to the side of gle-axle chassis with steerable axles and the outer rail that the vehicle wants to fol- loose-wheel sets. As the wheels turn low. independently of one another there will be no hunting. Consequently there is no Chassis with Variable Camber Adjustment self-centering of the axles; they have to A problem with the active guidance is its be steered actively in order to prevent dependence on undetermined friction for- flange contacts. The steering angle of the ces between wheel and track. Here an axles is set individually by means of two active camber adjustment can be of help, hydraulic cylinders. This has the advan- with the camber of the wheels being set tage that the lateral dynamics is no longer in such a way that all forces will always be determined by the passive dynamics but induced into the track perpendicularly. can be set freely by the steering control so Thus friction forces can be prevented. At that the vehicle can be kept on track present a new single-axle test vehicle Camber adjustment in the wheel safely and comfortably. with individual camber adjustment and - steering is put into operation and tested Active Guidance on the NBP track. The task of the active guidance consists in controlling the lateral displacement of the vehicle on the track. Just like conventional railway vehicles, the RailCabs have flanges preventing them from derailing. Yet there is a certain clearance within which the vehicle can move freely in late- Contact:

M.Sc. Jens Geisler E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 5251 60-54 87

Dipl.-Ing. Mikhail Borzykh E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 5251|60-54 86 Fax: +49 5251|50-55 79

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74 Workgroup

Model-based Tests of Household Appliance ECUs Increased Test Coverage of ECUs by Model-based Test Automation

drum In order to manage the increasing comple- In every component, the output is compu- xity of control systems, the automotive ted anew on the basis of the conservation industry is increasingly relying on model- laws and the input. The model was valida- based test procedures. This technique is ted and the quality of the model was

heater blower & used to identify logical-functional errors determined by comparing the model out- condenser in the ECU software; moreover, it allows puts with data measured at the test automated testing of individual functional bench. The resulting deviation shows components. In the context of a research high model reliability. project with Miele & Cie. KG, a tumble cross-flow condenser dryer hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) test Test Automation and Test Evaluation Schematic diagram of a condenser dryer bench has been developed at the Chair of Test automation is an extension of the Automatic Control and Mechatronics architecture for the purpose of serial (RtM). This test bench serves as a plat- tests. For every test it provides the form on which model-based tests of tum- sequential control with the necessary ble-dryer ECUs are conducted. data, such as start parameters or faults to be simulated, and handles the test Real-time Thermodynamics Model of the results. An important element of this test Tumble Dryer automation is an automated evaluation of The core of the HiL test bench is a detai- the results. Every HiL simulation genera- led model of the tumble dryer which was tes a large number of data that have to be developed at the RtM. The figure on the evaluated automatically. Future work will top left shows a schematic diagram of the deal with making up classifications of modelled condenser dryer. The dryer ope- faults and developing criteria that enable rates in a closed process where the pro- an automated and safe evaluation of the cess air circulates through the system and results. only the humidity is removed out of the cycle. Air leaves the drum, saturated with Sequential Control und Fault Injection moisture, to be cooled in a cross-flow Another topic, in addition to the model, is Dryer Hardware-in-the-loop test bench heat exchanger/condenser. The process the development of an architecture for a air is cooled by the ambient air so that sequential test control. Here, the real- part of the vapor it is carrying condenses. time part comprises an execution frame- The resulting condensate is drained out of work, the dryer model, and a fault- the system, while air is warmed up again injection system. By injecting faults into inside the heater and injected back into the model we can even simulate periphe- the drum. To model this cycle in real time, ral areas or disturbances and also check we divided the process into four compo- if, in the case of a sensor failure, the ECU nents, where temperature and relative ensures safe operation. humidity act as interfaces between them.

Conact Dipl.-Inf. Dirk Koert E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 56 14

Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Löffler E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 56 10

M.Eng. Tarek H. M. Zeineldin E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 56 11 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 55 79

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Mechatronics and Dynamics 75

Mechatronic X-by-Wire Vehicle Fully Active Test Vehicle for Use in Research and Teaching

Since the automobile was invented, it has ble influence on over- or understeering by undergone a multitude of technical impro- means of the all-wheel steering. Braking vements yet has remained virtually is effected by a negative torque of the unchanged, its basic structure still being drive motors (the motors are used as that of a four-wheel vehicle with a central generators and thus recover energy, by an drive motor, mechanical couplings, front- inverse inward turn of the wheels or a wheel steering und conventional opera- combination of the two. Only for emergen- ting devices (steering wheel and pedals). cies does the vehicle dispose of a mecha- Thus the potentials inherent in mechatronical braking device. The use of electronic systems are tapped only insufficiently. motors has the following advantages: CAD model of the test vehicle At the Chair of Control Engineering and Mechatronics (RtM), a fully active mecha- they can be easily modelled and thus tronic test vehicle is currently being deve- controlled loped and mounted according to a holis- they can be used for energy recovery tic approach and will measure up to in the case of braking future challenges in vehicle development. they have good efficiency It is an X-by-wire vehicle that is steered by they can be easily interlinked via means of a joystick and has an entirely information processing and enable electrical actuator system. The necessary realisation of a far better driving power is provided by a lithium-ion battery dynamics with a capacitance of 60 Ah. Thus the vehicle can run for about 40 to 45 min. Interventions can be effected right on tar- without battery change or recharge, which get. Thus, with the help of new vehicle- is sufficient for research purposes. The dynamics control functions, it will be pos- vehicle has a dead weight of about 280 sible to reach considerably better ride Wheel module kg and can carry one passenger (the comfort and driving safety. The vehicle driver). The maximum speed is about 60 serves for developing and testing these km/h. The vehicle has a modular new control functions. In the process, dif- structure and four wheel modules that are ferent control strategies can be tested. We identical in construction. Every one of pursue a holistic approach to the design, them comprises three electro-motors for a integration, and testing of the vehicle- purposeful impact on the longitudinal, dynamics control functions. lateral, and vertical dynamics; they Moreover, the structure of the vehicle enable: allows research on interlinking- and coordination strategies on a far larger scale single-wheel steering than that of conventional vehicles. Thus it single-wheel drive (direct drive with is ideally suited for demonstrating and hub motors) tapping the potentials inherent in the use active suspension and the integration of mechatronic components in the chassis. This opens up the possibility of entirely In particular, the vehicle serves as a new steering and braking strategies demonstrator of the potentials and through an interlinking of single-wheel methodologies of self-optimisation in the drive and all-wheel steering, e.g., a varia- context of the CRC 614. Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Vitalij Nachtigal E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 05251|60 55 55 Fax: 05251|60 55 79

Dipl.-Ing. Peter Reinold E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 05251|60 55 54 Fax: +49 (0) 05251|60 55 79

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76 Workgroup

Self-optimising Controls Control-design Methods and their Practical Application

Self-optimisation by Means of Model-pre- For this purpose a new, widely appli- dictive Multi-objective Optimisation cable strategy for switching controls was Self-optimisation of a technical system is developed that is based on two establis- understood as an autonomous adaption hed control concepts: flatness-based of the objectives of the system to design and 2-DOF structure. With this changing environmental conditions and switch strategy the desire for smooth the consequent adaption of the system transitions and a defined switching behaviour. For this purpose the classical period can be fulfilled directly; the over- control of a system has to be extended shoot can be taken into account indi- with respect to three points: firstly, influ- rectly. ences that are relevant for decision- making have to be detected and analy- Dynamical Programming for Planning an sed. Then the objective has to be adapted Optimal Trajectory in Autonomous Inter- accordingly and implemented by an section Management appropriate adaption of the actual con- Another application of the design of self- Flatness-based strategy for switches between troller. Thus self-optimisation defines a optimising controls is the trajectory plan- two controllers generic procedure that can be implemen- ning in intersection management by ted in many different ways. A particularly means of Dynamical Programming. The smart way to take the second and third latter is an optimisation method from the steps of self-optimisation in one step is domain of discrete mathematics. It was provided by the model-predictive control developed by the mathematician Richard (MPC) with several objectives. Here the Bellman and is a generalised methodo- system behaviour is simulated in advance logy that is not restricted to technical pro- in order to deterrmine those system blems but can also be applied to econo- inputs that optimise the objectives. In the mic or other questions. process a compromise between the Two important features of Dynamical objectives has to be found which after all Programming are the following: the maxi- can be described as a mathematical mum runtime can be estimated in function and computed automatically. advance and the global optimum, if it exists, can be found. Thus the Dynamical www.kreuzungsmanagement.de Self-optimising Controls: Flatness-based Programming is basically very well suited Strategies for Controller Switches for solving optimisation tasks in real-time Often an adaption of the behaviour of applications. However, with certain tasks, self-optimising systems results in altered for instance the optimisation of dynami- control strategies, i.e., a change in refe- cal systems of higher order, the computa- rence value or reference trajectory, con- tional costs will very soon reach a level troller parameters, controller structures, where Dynamical Programming is no lon- or the variables to be controlled. An ger feasible. The Chair of Control Enginee- example is the adaptive cruise control in ring and Mechatronics (RtM) employs cars where switches between distance- Dynamical Programming with the decen- and velocity control are effected in depen- tralised autonomous intersection

Contact: dence of the actual traffic situation. management for cars. M.Sc. Jens Geisler During the switch, the overall system has E-mail: [email protected] to show a defined behaviour and fulfill Phone: +49 5251|60 54 87 different requirements.

Dipl.-Ing. Semir Osmic E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 5251|60 55 77

Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Torsten Bruns E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 5251|60 55 70 Fax: +49 5251|50 55 79

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Mechatronics and Dynamics 77

Banknote Transport in Automatic Teller Machines Modelling, Simulation, and Adaptive Control of Banknote Separation

A basic function of ATMs is the draw-off Constructive Extensions of the Draw-off cash box and separation of single banknotes from Module a stack. Even in difficult circumstances, Knowledge gained from the simulation is draw-off roll sled i.e., if they are worn and torn, the bankno- used install in the separation mechanism tes have to be separated reliably. So far a controlled draw-off-roll drive that makes the process of drawing off and separating a formerly indispensable retain comb retain the banknotes has been carried out in an superfluous and considerably reduces comb open-loop-controlled manner which wear of the draw-off roll and the bankno- means that it is directly affected by alte- tes. In a second step the serial-produced red properties of the rolls or the bankno- separation module of the ATM by Wincor- drive roll counter-rotation roll tes. Especially with soiled or polymeric Nixdorf was extended by an adjustment transport roll banknotes the result will be an increase unit allowing a controlled alteration of the Functional principle of the banknote separation in the number of failed draw-off proces- distance between the axes of the rolls module ses. On the other hand, with unused, involved in the separation process in uncomplicated banknotes (which make order to impact the friction forces bet- up the majority), the rolls bring about ween rolls and banknotes during the pro- friction forces that are much higher than cess (see figure, bottom right). those required for a smooth separation draw-off-roll drive process and thus cause unnecessary wear Adaption of the Separation Process to the both of rolls and banknotes. Banknotes in the ATM Interaction between the controllers of the hall-sensors Modelling draw-off-roll drives and those of the As the separation module has reached a adjustment unit allows estimation of the high level in an evolutionary development friction forces between the banknotes to and boasts a complex functionality, it is be separated without failed separations extremely difficult to advance it in a con- occurring. The estimated values will then ventional way. The answer to this problem give information about the safety margin is to apply the procedure that has proved against an unwanted double draw-off. its worth in mechatronic design – it con- We are currently working on a control stra- radar sensors sists of the modelling, a holistic conside- tegy that uses the values of the estimated ration of the system, and the use of con- friction between the banknotes for an ite- adjustment unit trol-engineering methods – to the separa- rative adaption of the normal forces and Constructive extension of the separation module tion process in ATMs. the resulting friction forces to different for a controlled separation process At first the entire separation process properties of the banknotes during the (see figure, top right) was modelled in dif- separation process. The aim is to mini- ferent modelling depths: from the 3-D FE mise both the wear on the banknotes and model for tests of the statical deformation the failure rate. In an iterative adjustment of paper to a 2-D MBS model of the over- of the distance of the roll axes by means all system for tests of individual separa- of a simple sensor system (see figure, Project Partners: tion processes to a very reduced Simulink bottom right) the separation module is Wincor Nixdorf AG analogous model of the overall system for adapted to the thickness, stiffness, and Banking Division Dr. Martin Landwehr tests of superordinated control strategies friction forces of the banknotes in use. for the separation process.

Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Viktor Just E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251/60 56 13 Fax: +49 (0) 5251/60 55 79

Dipl.-Ing. Hüseyin Cinkaya E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 5251|60 56 12 Fax: +49 5251|50 55 79

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78 Workgroup

Parallel Computing Parallel Computing

A special feature of the Supercomputer of the “Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing (PC²)”: the water-cooling system of the CPUs.

Reaching new magnitudes through the efficient use of parallel and distributed systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien Parallel and distributed computing is the key technology for the solution of large, computationally intensive problems in science and technology. The challenge is now to further improve the capabilities of this technology, to develop the full potential of applications and to open up new dimensions of realization.

E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251 | 60-67 07 Fax: +49 (0) 5251 | 60-66 97 http://www.uni-paderborn.de/cs/ag-monien HNI_2008_78_81_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Monien.qxp 11.03.2009 10:16 Seite 81

Parallel Computing 79

The provision of powerful computing per- more efficiently in traffic regulation. The formance is a key requisite for the imple- methods, we develop, are especially tes-

mentation of complex systems and appli- ted in the field of parallel game-tree “DELIS – Dynamically Evolving Large-scale Infor- cations in science and technology. Today, search, which has a long tradition within mation Systems” is one of the long-term research high-performance computers generally our working group. Further applications projects of the group funded by the European Union. In February 2008 “DELIS” ended with a take the shape of parallel computers. In using parallel and distributed computing combined workshop and review in Barcelona. such systems, a complex task is not pro- are also found in the field of networked cessed by one single computer, but by multimedia systems, where memory and several computers simultaneously. These computing performance are made availa- share the workload in a similar way to an ble “on demand”. „AEOLUS – Algorithmic Principles for Building assembly line or a large company with dif- Against this background we are prima- Efficient Overlay Computers“ is another EU pro- ferent business areas. The parallel com- rily concerned with the following research ject of the research group. The consortium consists of 23 sites from all over Europe. puting performance can be produced areas: both by a single computer, comprised of several processors, and by several com- The theoretical fundamentals of paral- puters, that are distributed at different lel computing, sites and communicating with each other. the architecture and operation of The analysis and design of efficient parallel and distributed computing parallel and distributed computer archi- systems, tectures, the development of powerful the use of parallel computing to solve methods of implementing applications on complex problems in science and those systems, and implementing proto- technology types of those applications are essentially the areas covered by the “Parallel Compu- The working group participates in nume- ting” research area. rous national and international funded One major field of applications is that projects, in which the results of research of computer simulation by parallel com- are applied for solving practical problems puters. Expensive and time-consuming of the industrial partners. Conversely, the test series, or dangerous experiments, close cooperation with the industrial part- can increasingly be replaced by computer ners over and over again leads to new simulations. The visualisation of 3-dimen- impulses and questions stimulating our sional objects in real-time is of enormous own research activities. relevance both to computer simulation With our teaching programs we aim to and to a wide range of other applications. provide the students with sound know The necessary computing power can only how, that is close to research, in the field be provided by means of scalable parallel of Parallel Computing, with comprised computers. Such great computing power skills for practical use and with experi- is also needed for solving decision- ences in real projects. making problems in a wide variety of planning issues such as how valuable resources can be saved or systems used

Since March 23, 2008, Burkhard Monien is professor emeritus of the research group “Parallel Computing”. HNI_2008_78_81_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Monien.qxp 11.03.2009 10:17 Seite 82

80 Workgroup

Shape Optimized Graphpartitioning Loadbalancing in Parallel Adaptive Numerical Simulations

Computer based numerical simulations The relationships between the ele- often play an important role during the ments can be modeled as a graph, where development of complex technical pro- the computations are represented by ver- ducts. Such simulations require a discreti- tices and the data dependencies by zation of the underlaying mathematical edges. A common method to distribute problem description. Therefore, the the computational loads onto the proces- established “Finite Element Method” dis- sors consists in dividing the vertices of sects the simulation area into simple geo- this graph into equally sized sets (partiti- metric elements, e.g. tetrahedrons, and ons) such that as few edges as possible approximates the solution of the partial connect vertices that are placed in diffe- differential equations at the corner rent partitions. This matches the classical points. The finer this discretization is per- graph partitioning problem. formed, the better becomes the approxi- However, the actual amount of com- mation quality, but more elements also munication can be represented much A load distribution of an adaptively refined simu- result in a higher computational effort. more accurately by the number of nodes lation area according to the classical approach. Up-to-date simulations involve many mil- at the partition boundaries. That is why lions of elements, hence a fast calculation we have developed a new technique can only be accomplished on a parallel which computes good, and depending on computer. the simulation area as round as possible The efficient usage of a parallel sys- partition shapes. By this we obtain con- tem requires an even work load distribu- nected partitions with a small number of tion onto the processors. The induced boundary nodes. Since our approach, in additional data transfer between the pro- contrast to many other methods, is well- cessors should be kept minimal due to suited for an incremental improvement of the relatively high communication costs. a given partitioning, it rebalances with Since the approximation computation small migration costs at the same time. at a corner point relies on the data of all The traditional method and our new adjacent points, neighboring elements approach can be compared by means of should be preferably placed on the same the figures, where it is apparent that the processor. Furthermore, during a simula- latter computes connected and more tion the discretization can turn out to be compact partitions with shorter and A load distribution of an adaptively refined simu- not fine enough in certain areas. To obtain smoother boundaries. lation area according to our new approach. a more exact solution, the number of elements in these areas has to be increased. This adaptation often results in a work load mismatch, therefore a rebalancing according to the mentioned criteria becomes necessary. Additionally, as few as possible elements should be migrated to other processors because this operation is comparatively expensive.

Supported by: DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm 1307 “Algorithm Engineering”

Another example of a shape optimized partitioning Contact: result of the new approach. The Dr. rer. nat. Ulf-Peter Schroeder picture shows the fragmented E-mail: [email protected] domain of a 3-dimensional DFG benchmark Phone: +49 (0) 52 51|60 67 26 problem (“the circulation around a cylinder in a channel”). For readability reasons the http://www.uni-paderborn.de/cs/ups/ partitions are extruded. HNI_2008_78_81_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Monien.qxp 11.03.2009 10:17 Seite 83

Parallel Computing 81

Algorithmic Game Theory

The behaviour of large, time-variant sys- route. This private cost depends on the tems is often determined by the actions routes chosen by other drivers, since the of autonomous agents. Typical examples time to drive along a street increases with are road traffic systems or the internet: the number of cars using this street. It is Selfish agents, also called users, influ- well known that there exist networks, ence the behaviour of the system, and where the selfishness of the drivers yields thus the costs incurred to other agents, a bad global behaviour. The famous Bra- by their private behaviour. Each autono- ess Paradox shows, that this bad beha- mous agent tries to minimize its own pri- viour may be incurred by building new vate cost, while a central regulation would streets. Another recently studied system

try to compute global optimum system is a system for selfish scheduling of jobs A road traffic network as an example for a large, behaviour. onto parallel machines. The jobs are the time-variant system where the behaviour of this Dynamic systems like these are not selfish users and choose a machine they system is determined by the actions of autonomous agents (car drivers). Car drivers move centrally controllable. This is due to the want to be computed on. through a network of streets as autonomous size of the systems and to the selfishness The worst possible decrease in global agents. Each driver tries to optimize his personal benefit (to arrive his destination as quick as pos- of the users. In systems with selfish system performance caused by the sel- sible). agents Nash Equilibria represent stable fishness of the users is measured in states. A system state is a Nash Equili- terms of coordination ratio, i.e. the maxi- brium, if no agent can improve its private mum (over all possible inputs) fraction of costs by changing its action, as long as all the optimum global cost and the global the other agents stay with their actions. cost of a worst Nash Equilibrium. There are two kinds of Nash Equilibria. Algorithmic game theory combines the In pure Nash Equilibria agents choose an mathematics of game theory and the action, in mixed Nash Equilibria agents algorithmic methods to analyze systems choose a probability distribution over all with selfish users. In the research group their actions. The theorem of Nash states of Prof. Monien the following questions that all games have a mixed Nash Equili- are in the centre of interest: brium. It is an open problem whether The computation of Nash Equilibria there is an efficient algorithm to compute The analysis of the coordination ratio mixed Nash Equilibria. The mechanism design problem: A problem studied already in the 50's Create a system of rules, e.g. by defi- of the last century is the following routing ning a payment function, for a dyna- problem. Car drivers move through a net- mic system with selfish users, such The challenges of the future are to work of streets. Each car driver wants to that the selfish behaviour of the users apply the fundamental results to exis- drive from some starting point to some drives the system into a global opti- ting systems, like e.g. the shuttle sys- destination and may choose an arbitrary mum. tems of the “Neue Bahntechnik Pader- route between the two nodes. The private Many results have been obtained which born”, where routing and scheduling cost of a car driver is given as the time yield to a fundamental understanding of problems for autonomous shuttles necessary to drive along the chosen dynamic systems with selfish users. must be solved.

Contact: Dr. rer. nat. Rainer Feldmann E-mail: [email protected] In 2008 the 1st International Symposium on Algorithmic Game Theory (SAGT’08) took place in Paderborn. The Phone: +49 (0) 52 51|60 67 20 purpose of SAGT was to bring together researchers from Computer Science, Economics and Mathematics to present and discuss original research at the intersection of Algorithms and Game Theory. http://www.uni-paderborn.de/cs/obelix HNI_2008_82_85_EN_2009_01_29_SK_Sohler.qxp 11.03.2009 10:21 Seite 84

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Applied Physics/ Applied Physics/ IntegratedIntegrated Optics Optics

Integrated Optics in Lithium Niobate Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler

The Applied Physics group (Prof. Dr. W. Sohler) is engaged in the field of integrated optics. Lithium niobate is used as substrate material due to its excellent electro-, acousto- and nonlinear optical properties. A variety of optically and/or electrically controllable, miniaturized waveguide devices and optical circuits are developed for applications in optical communications and optical metrology.

E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 58 85 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 58 86 http://fb6www.upb.de/ag/ag-sol/index.html HNI_2008_82_85_EN_2009_01_29_SK_Sohler.qxp 11.03.2009 10:21 Seite 85

Applied Physics / Integrated Optics 83

The idea of integrated optics is to develop cal wavelength division multiplex (WDM) miniaturized waveguide devices and com- networks (current DFG-project, in coope- plex optical circuits on a common sub- ration with the Heinrich-Hertz-Institute strate using planar technologies well (HHI) and the Technical University, both known from integrated electronics. This Berlin). The current status of the work goal is also pursued by the Applied Phy- done in this project is demonstrated by sics / Integrated Optics group using the results presented in Fig. 4; it shows Fig. 1: Schematical structure of single crystalline, very thin LN waveguides on an amorphous SiO2- lithium niobate (LiNbO3 = LN) with its the bit error rate (BER) without and with layer, fabricated by ion beam slicing, crystal bon- excellent electro-, acousto- and nonlinear polarization-independent wavelength ding and careful polishing. optical properties as substrate material. conversion at a bit rate of 320 Gb/s Moreover, doping of LN with laser-active (measured by HHI). ions (especially rare earths) enables the Another example for a specific appli- development of integrated optical ampli- cation of our wavelength converters is fiers and lasers. presented on the following page (first pro- The main fields of current research are: ject example). Technology Erbium-doped lasers The group develops LN-specific technolo- Erbium diffusion doping of LiNbO3 enab- gies for the fabrication of integrated opti- les the development of a variety of diffe- cal waveguides and devices (e.g. electric rent types of integrated optical lasers. field and light assisted poling for fabrica- During the last years actively Q-switched

ting ferroelectric domains in waveguides, and mode locked lasers, narrow line Fig. 2: Single crystalline, planar LN waveguide of selective chemical etching of micro- width devices with photorefractive gra- 600 nm thickness on an amorphous SiO2-layer structures, ion-beam etching of nano- tings as resonator, ring lasers, and (see also Fig. 1). structures, in-diffusion of laser-active acousto-optically tuneable lasers have ions, holographic writing of (photore- been developed. Currently, passively fractive) gratings, stoichiometry control mode locked lasers are investigated for using vapour transport equilibration, the generation of periodic (~ 1 GHz) short etc.). All these activities are accompanied light pulses (λ ~ 1.5 μm); a halfwidth of by advanced characterization methods only ~ 20 ps has been achieved. (e.g. optical, electron and atomic force Single photon devices microscopy, spectroscopy, determination Ti:PPLN waveguides and Rare Earth of diffraction efficiencies, …). doped waveguides also enable the deve- During the last year a breakthrough lopment of attractive single photon devi- was achieved by the development of opti- ces. Ti:PPLN waveguides have been cal “wires”, i.e. optical LN-waveguides of exploited as the basic structure of various Fig. 3: Optical channel guide defined by plasma etching of a planar LN waveguide as presented in cross section dimensions of only ~ 1 μm types of single photon pair sources. Fig. 2. on a SiO2 layer (see Figs. 1-3). By the Erbium- and Thulium-doped waveguides large contrast of the index of refraction of have been developed as promising candi- such waveguides a significant step for- dates for photon memories, as required in ward towards a further miniaturization of repeaters of future quantum communica- integrated optical devices becomes possi- tions. These projects are done in coopera- ble. All our main research fields will profit tion with several international partners. from this development. Electro-optical modulators Nonlinear optical devices The excellent electro-optical properties of Periodically poled Ti:LiNbO3 (Ti:PPLN) LN enable the development of modulators waveguides are the basic structures of of high bandwidth for optical communica- efficient nonlinear optical frequency con- tions. The second project example verters for the near (NIR) and mid infrared demonstrates how the required electrical (MIR) spectral ranges. For example, opti- drive voltage can be significantly reduced cal difference frequency converters and by using ridge waveguides for the modu-

optical parametric amplifiers for wave- lator structure. Fig. 4: Bit error rate (BER) without and with length shifting and amplification in the polarization-independent wavelength conversion NIR are currently developed. They might at a bit rate of 320 Gb/s as function of the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) at the receiver of be used in future reconfigurable all-opti- a DQPSK-signal transmission. HNI_2008_82_85_EN_2009_01_29_SK_Sohler.qxp 11.03.2009 10:21 Seite 86

84 Workgroup

Free-Space Optical Signal Transmission in the Middle Infrared Using Integrated Optical Transmitter and Receiver Modules

Ti-Diffused Background radiation of about 3.8 μm; it carries the Waveguide PPLN Substrate Taper Region Interest in free-space optical (FSO) trans- same information as the (modulated) sig- Pump @ WDM MIR @ 1100nm mission systems has increased signifi- nal radiation. In the receiver module, the coupler 3800nm cantly within the last few years. Such sys- 3.8-μm radiation interacts with the 1.1- Signal @ tems are mainly employed in short-range, μm pump radiation to regenerate the 1550nm PM-Fibers Dielectric Mirror directional communication links, which 1.55-μm signal. Both modules are equip- T-Stabilized Oven (Receiver only) are used when wire- or fiber-connections ped with fiber optic connectors; therefore, Fig. 1: Schematic of the wavelength conversion are either impractical or too expensive. they can be smoothly integrated into modules. The receiver module differs from the In FSO links, absorption and scatter- existing fiber-optic systems. transmitter module only by an additional dielectric mirror to reflect the pump radiation. ing of light in air, as well as scintillation Transmission experiments effects (a well-known example is the A free-space optical transmission link was

Input Signal shimmering seen above a hot asphalt set up in Stanford, where both modules Transmitter road caused by turbulence of air layers at were used for subsequent wavelength up- 1.55 µm Module Ge Filter different temperatures) deteriorate the and down-conversion (NIR-MIR-NIR) (Figs.

Pump transmission. In addition, atmospheric 2 and 3). A phase-modulated QPSK (Qua- MIR-FSO Link 1.1 µm (3.8 µm) conditions (e.g. rain, fog) can also drature-Phase-Shift-Keying) data signal increase bit-error-rates especially in long with a data rate of 2.4 Gbit/s was used. 1.55 µm Receiver range FSO links. Fortunately, an "atmo- Measurements have demonstrated that Output Signal Module spheric window" exists in the middle practically no deterioration of bit-error infrared (MIR) around 3.8 μm wavelength, rates arise due to the nonlinear process Fig. 2: Schematic setup of the free-space transmission-link for QPSK-transmission at 2.4 Gbit/s. where these effects are small. (see eye diagram in Fig. 4). Further mea- The objective of this work was to deve- surements were done at Boeing in Seattle lop integrated optical transmitter- and to investigate the susceptibility of the sys- receiver-modules that enable a wave- tem to atmospheric disturbances, using a length conversion from the near-infrared table-top wind tunnel. range (λ ~ 1.55 μm), which is typically Outlook used in fiber optic communications, to The results of the project are promising. It the MIR-range and back. was shown that both amplitude- and The project phase- information of the signal (λ ~ 1.55 The project was done in collaboration μm) were transferred to the MIR through with three American partners: the compa- the all-optical wavelength conversion; nies CeLight, Inc. and Boeing, as well as they were also conserved during the Fig. 3: Free-space transmission link set up at the Stanford University. The Applied Physics / second conversion back to the NIR. Bidi- University of Stanford. Integrated Optics group developed said rectional operation has yet to be shown; it transmitter and receiver modules (Fig. 1) could be easily realized in the future. and thoroughly characterized them in Optimizations to improve power characte- Paderborn. ristics and stability are also planned. Fur- Afterwards, our Ph.D. student Daniel thermore, we recently demonstrated that Büchter went to Stanford for five weeks to similar modules can also be used in opti- set up a free-space transmission link with cal absorption spectroscopy. the modules and to conduct transmission experiments. Further measurements were performed with Celight and Boeing in Fig. 4: Electrical eye pattern measured at 30 dB photons/bit at the 1.55 μm receiver after λ-con- Seattle. version to the mid-IR and back to the near-IR. The modules In both modules, wavelength conversion is achieved through non-linear optical difference-frequency generation (DFG) in Contact: Titanium-doped strip-waveguides in peri- Daniel Büchter (M. Sc.) odically poled Lithium Niobate (Ti:PPLN). E-mail: [email protected] In the transmitter, the pump-radiation at Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 58 70 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 58 86 1.1-μm wavelength interacts with the 1.55-μm signal radiation. The nonlinear http://fb6www.upb.de/ag/ag-sol/ process leads to the generation of MIR HNI_2008_82_85_EN_2009_01_29_SK_Sohler.qxp 11.03.2009 10:22 Seite 87

Applied Physics / Integrated Optics 85

Integrated Optical Mach-Zehnder Type Modulators with Ridge Waveguides

Background Ridge guide modulators Integrated optical modulators fabricated Using a chemical wet-etching technique, in lithium niobate (LiNbO3, LN) are key the modulator structure with Y-junctions, components in todays fiber optical com- straight and curved ridges, was fabricated munication networks. Their task is to on the surface of a LiNbO3 substrate. The Fig. 1: Scheme of an integrated optical Mach- impose the information to be transmitted ridges have a width / height of some Zehnder type interferometric modulator in on an optical wave by modulating its micrometers. Subsequently, thin (~ 100 LiNbO3. amplitude (or phase) at very high fre- nm) Ti-stripes were vacuum-deposited on quencies. This is usually done by digital the top surfaces of the ridges using a new modulation in an integrated Mach-Zehn- self-aligning photolithographic technique. der type interferometer (Fig. 1). Devices of Afterwards, the Ti was in-diffused at high a modulator bandwidth of up to 40 GHz temperatures; as a result, the index of are commercially available. However, to refraction inside the ridges is increased be able to increase the modulation band- completing in this way the fabrication of width in the future, a significant reduction optical waveguides (Fig. 2). In further of the electrical drive voltage or power is steps a SiO2-layer (Fig. 3) and the metallic necessary. electrodes were deposited. They allow The project generating a strongly confined microwave Fig. 2: Scanning electron micrograph of a ridge The objective of this project was to signifi- field as shown as result of modeling cal- waveguide in LiNbO3. cantly reduce the drive voltage of such culations in Fig. 4. Also the light distribu- modulators without reducing their modu- tion (optical modes) can be seen within lation bandwidth. By using ridge wavegui- the cross section of the waveguides. The des the optical fields are confined stron- ridge structures developed should result ger; this leads to lower drive voltages if in a reduction of the drive voltage of the appropriate electrodes are designed. modulator as well as in an increase of its Moreover, a proper design of the modula- bandwidth in comparison with conventio- tor cross-section and of the electrode nal modulators without ridges. geometry should simultaneously enable Results velocity matching of the optical waves After an optimization of the modulator and of the controlling microwave. structure by numerical modeling several Mach-Zehnder modulators – the principle devices were successfully fabricated and Fig. 3: Scanning electron micrograph of the two parallel ridge guides (middle) of the integrated An interferometric Mach-Zehnder modula- thoroughly investigated. Remarkable are Mach-Zehnder modulator. The SiO2 buffer layer tor is set up by two Y-junctions, which the low drive voltages of 2.2 V only, which isolating the guided optical fields from the metal split the light to be modulated and com- are sufficient to get an extinction ratio of electrodes is clearly visible. bine it again after transmission of the two about 20 dB. Taking the length of the parallel interferometer arms (Fig. 1). electrodes of 25 mm into account, a vol- Metallic electrodes in parallel to (or on tage-length product of only 5.5 V results, top of) the interferometer arms enable approximately by a factor of two lower controlling the light transmission of the than the corresponding number of com- modulator. To achieve an amplitude mercial modulators. The high frequency modulation a voltage applied to the elec- properties of the modulator could not be

trodes generates an electric field in the investigated, as the thickness of the Fig. 4: Calculated distribution of the modulating waveguides, which generates via the metallic electrodes was not yet sufficient electrical field within the cross-section of the electro-optic effect a phase-shift between to guarantee low loss microwave propa- modulator. The color scale represents the vertical component of the electric field around the elec- the two light waves traveling through the gation. trodes (shown in gray). The optical modes are interferometer arms. A phase shift of π (0) Outlook shown in red dashed lines. results in a destructive (constructive) The first experimental results confirmed interference at the second Y-junction and that ridge guide modulators are very pro- the modulator transmission drops to zero mising. Our future work will concentrate Contact: (or 1). In this way a digital modulation can on the optimization of the high frequency Miguel Garcia Granda (M. Sc.) be achieved. properties of the devices. E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 58 83 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 58 86

http://fb6www.upb.de/ag/ag-sol/ HNI_2008_86_89_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Peckhaus.qxp 11.03.2009 09:37 Seite 88

86 Workgroup

Philosophy Philosophyof Science of Science and Technology and Technology

The seven liberal arts from the Hortus deliciarum by the abbess Herrad von Landsberg (1170)

Reflection of Science and Technology Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus

Philosophical reflection on science and technology enlightens the foundations and conditions of scientific and technical action, it provides orientation on the methods and aims of these activities and supports its responsible use.

E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251 | 60 24 11 http://kw.uni-paderborn.de/institute- einrichtungen/institut-fuer- humanwissenschaften/philosophie/ HNI_2008_86_89_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Peckhaus.qxp 11.03.2009 09:37 Seite 89

Philosophy of Science and Technology 87

In the wide field of reflection on science Ruth Hagengruber, supported by the and technology, the team is above all Heinz Nixdorf Institute. This project, devoted to the logical and cognitive con- directed by Ruth Hagengruber, is an ditions of knowledge and scientific important step in order to establish a action. The recent history of logic is one comprehensive research and educational focus of research aiming at a recon- programme combining philosophy and struction of the development and diffe- computer science. The philosophical rentiation of this basic discipline of philo- research concerns the possibilities and sophy, which lead to Mathematical Logic capabilities of basic ontologies, in order and Proof Theory as mathematical subdis- to offer a conceptual foundation of gra- ciplines and to Theoretical Computer phical user interfaces. Furthermore, Science. This is seen in the context of a various problems of knowledge represen- dialogue between philosophy and mathe- tation and knowledge organisation, inclu- matics. The discussion on logic among ding their correlation with questions of the mathematicians of the 19th and early social ontology, are analysed. Peckhaus, V.: Hilbertprogramm und Kritische Philosophie, 20th century can be regarded as an Another main focus lies in the field of Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1990 expression of attempts to overcome foun- philosophy of Cognitive Science. Here, dational problems having emerged in the question of how we gain knowledge mathematical practise. The mathematici- of other people’s minds is addressed ans could not expect much support in from a philosophical perspective as well these attempts by academic philosophers as from the perspective of cognitive neu- of that time. Founding mathematics with roscience. Research is aimed at a neuro- the help of a revised logic served there- phenomenological theory of the basis of fore not really a philosophical interest, social cognition and human self-con- but above all the pragmatic interest to sciousness. The main hypothesis is that allow the mathematician an unrestricted the development of individual human working in his very special field of compe- self-consciousness is dependent on the tence. In this framework the chair has dynamic interactions with other humans, published a scientific biography of Ernst mediated by empathy. Zermelo (1871–1953) in collaboration In teaching, the specific philosophical with H.-D. Ebbinghaus (Freiburg i. Br.). In way of asking questions and discussing a project financed by the Thyssen Fouda- solutions is conveyed. The topical focus is tion the history of the Berlin Society for in theoretical philosophy, especially phi- Peckhaus, V.: Logik, Mathesis universalis Scientific Philosophy is investigated (Dr. losophy of science, epistemology and the und allgemeine Wissenschaft, Nikolay Milkov). The chair also participa- philosophy of technology. Two new cour- Berlin: Akademie Verlag 1997 tes in a project editing the works of Oskar ses in Practical Philosophy in teacher Becker (1882–1962). education have been established in In 2006, the project Dynamic Ontology 2005. Since 2006 philosophy is integra- and Cooperative Semantics has been ted in the B.A. programme in the Depart- initiated by Volker Peckhaus and ment of Cultural Sciences.

Peckhaus, V. (Hg.): Oskar Becker und die Philosophie der Mathematik, Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag 2005 HNI_2008_86_89_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Peckhaus.qxp 11.03.2009 09:38 Seite 90

88 Workgroup

Philosophical Basics in Computer Science: Action-Theoretical Concepts in Cooperative Systems

Prof. Dr. Ruh Hagengruber’s research falo, USA, could be won as a guest lectu- group “Dynamic Ontology and Coopera- rer. He does research in the well known tive Semantics” investigates the realiza- research group on Ontology by Barry tion and extension of cooperative Smith and is a well known specialist in systems. mereology and mereotopology at the The project aims at providing a syste- interface of philosophy and computer matic approach in order to organize science. action dependent knowledge elements in knowledge spaces. The task hereby is to identify the theoretical basis of the semantic explication of cooperative systems. The research group analyzes communication and action processes. By Prof. Dr. R. Hagengruber. Opening of the international conference “Philosophy’s Relevance in means of philosophic research and Information Science PRIS 08”, October 3rd and methods types and classifications of ac- 4th 2008 at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. tions become provided, by which actions will be typified semantically. The project concerns recording of action schemes and supports a technically senseful realization in order to fulfill the requirement of Actions as processes. Thomas Bittner in the seminar “Actions in Knowledge Representation”, SS 2008. functionality. Processes of cooperative structuring are to be organized in terms of space and time. An important issue will The aim of the international confe- be the difference of action classifications, rence “Philosophy’s Relevance in Infor- such as actions as substances or as pro- mation Science” taking place at the Heinz cesses. Nixdorf Institute from October 3rd – 4th was to investigate the interaction of philosophy and computer science. The conference should extend the interdisciplinary network, support the acceptance of the research area “philosophy and information science” and promote the interest in teaching this research area at German universities. The conference profited by experts from ontology (Barry Smith, SUNY Some actions could be seen as consistent entities, Buffalo), complexity and system theory others are only representable as processes. Thomas Bittner in the seminar “Actions in Knowledge Repre- (Klaus Mainzer, TU München), philosophy sentation”, summer term 2008. of computing and information (Luciano Floridi), knowledge representation (Sel- Procedures supporting the coopera- mer Bringsjord), epistemology and action tion make use of visual structures of theory. The lively and international parti- knowledge organization. Important parts cipation showed a brisk demand for this Supported by: DFG of this investigation are reflections on field of research VW Stiftung ordering systems which show semantic (http://www.uni-paderborn.de/pris08). connections through spatial arrangement of knowledge elements and in visualized

Contact: knowledge structures. Different ways of Prof. Dr. Ruth Hagengruber visual representations are to be grapped E-mail: [email protected] systematically by means of mereology Phone: +49 (0) 5251/60 23 08/9 and mereotopology. The research seminar Fax: +49 (0) 5251/60 37 44 "Action Theory in Knowledge Representa- tion", which took place during the sum- http://www.uni-paderborn.de/philosophie/luf- philosophie-informatik/ mer 2008, put this topic in it's centre. Thomas Bittner, Professor at SUNY Buf- HNI_2008_86_89_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Peckhaus.qxp 11.03.2009 09:38 Seite 91

Philosophy of Science and Technology 89

Self-Other Co-determination

When a mother smiles at her two month Traditional philosophical problem of old child, the child will smile back. In the Other Minds upside down. The question cinema, when Arnold Schwarzenegger is is no longer how we know that others are falling from out of the window from the sentient beings, but how humans distin- third level of a hotel, the audience will guish their own mental states from those shrug and utter “Ouch, that hurts”. From of others. Schizophrenia, to name but one the first days of our life, we are always example, demonstrates that this is a real surrounded by and engage in interactions problem for cognitive agents with other humans. The question arises of (Proust 2006; Jeannerod 2006). how we know when somebody is happy, or is having pain? How can we explain that an infant, who never saw herself in a mirror, responds with a smile to the smile of its mother? More generally: How do we know about the emotions and intentions of other living beings? Recently, the concept of empathy gained more attention in consciousness stu- Brain activation in individuals who perceive other dies. We now have a better understanding persons hand-movements. Rizzolatti, Fogassi & Gal- lese 2001. of the underlying mechanisms of our empathic abilities (cf. Stamenov et al. 2002; Adolphs 2003). The results of studies on the perception of emotions and actions suggest that there exist matching Brain activation in individuals who perceive other systems in the human brain for emotional persons in painful situations. Jean Decety 2003. experience/perception and action execution/observation. It has become an empi- rically plausible hypothesis that percei- The aim of the project is to develop a mul- ving somebody else executing an action tilevel theory, comprising considerations triggers activation of our own motor repre- from analytical philosophy, phenomeno- sentations and associated somatic logy and empirical sciences, which responses. In turn, perception of emo- explains how information about intentions in others triggers responses in tions and emotions is processed in such a somatosensory cortices that correspond way that it allows cognitive agents to per- to the way activations would occur if the ceive themselves and others as inten- observer would feel the same. These tional and emotional beings. results suggest that we have to put the

Contact: Marcello Ghin, M.A. E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 23 13 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 37 44

http://www.uni- paderborn.de/fakultaeten/kw/institute-einrichtungen/institut-fuer-humanwissenschaften/ philosophie/ HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:29 Seite 94

90 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2008 HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:30 Seite 95

Additional Activities 91

Additional Activities Additional Activities

Jahresbericht

Publications

PhD Theses

Fairs, Conferences, Seminars

Patents, Prizes, Awards

Additional Functions

Spin-Offs

Current Research Projects

Current Industry Co-operations

Scientific Co-operations HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:30 Seite 96

92 Workgroups

Workgroup Business Computing, especially CIM Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier

reference model. In: Int. J. Services Technology and Online-Lexikon. http:// www.enzyklopaedie-der- Publications Management, Vol. X, No. Y, pp. ZZ wirtschaftsinformatik.de Aufenanger, Mark; Wagner, Jan Benjamin; Lück, Ingo; Laroque, Christoph; Blecken, Alexander: Kon- Aufenanger, M.; Dangelmaier, W.; Laroque, Ch.; Dangelmaier, W.: Simulation. In: Kurbel, K.; Becker, zeption und Implementierung einer BDE-Schnitt- Rüngener, N.: Knowledge-Based Event Control for J.; Gronau, N.; Sinz, E.; Suhl, L. (Hrsg.): Enzyklopä- stelle zur flexiblen Datenerfassung. In: Rabe, Mar- Flow-shops Using Simulation and Rules: In: Procee- die der Wirtschaftsinformatik. Online-Lexikon. kus (Hrsg.): Advances in Simulation for Production dings of the 40th conference on Winter simulation. http://www.enzyklopaedie-der-wirtschaftsinforma- and Logistics Applications. S. 427-438, 2008, S. (erscheint Dezember 2008), 2008, Miami, Omni- tik.de Fraunhofer IRB-Verlag, Stuttgart press. Dangelmaier, W.; Aufenanger, M.; Klöpper, B. Laroque, Ch.; Dangelmaier, W.; Huber, D., Rüngener, Fischer, J.; Dangelmaier, W.; Nastansky, L.; Suhl, L.: (Hrsg.): Reagible Unternehmen in dynamischen N.; Aufenanger, M.; Klein, M.: Simulative Absiche- Bausteine der Wirtschaftsinformatik - Grundlagen Märkten. 10. Paderborner Frühjahrstagung. ALB- rung eines neuartigen Einlagerungskonzeptes im und Anwendungen. 4. völlig neu bearbeitete und HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe Band 16. Paderborn: Cargo-Bereich von Flughäfen. In: Hauser, H.; Strass- erweiterte Auflage. Berlin: Erich Schmidt 2008. Fraunhofer-Anwendungszentrum für Logistikorien- burger, St.; Theisel, H. (Hrsg.): Simulation and tierte Betriebswirtschaft 2008. Visualization 2008. S. 29-39, 2008 SCS Publishing Dangelmaier, W.; Brüggemann, D.; Klöpper, B.; Rust, House T.: OOPUS WEB - Eine flexible Plattform für die Helmke, St.; Uebel, M.; Dangelmaier, W. (Hrsg.): Implementierung von PPS-Tools, erläutert an der Effektives Customer Relationship Management. Dangelmaier, W.; Altemeier, S.; Danne, C.; Gans, J. Anbindung einer CSCP-orientierten Belegungspla- Instrumente - Einführungskonzepte - Organisation 4. E.: Optimierung vernetzter Produktions- und Logis- nung in der Serienfertigung. In: Nyhuis, P. (Hrsg.): Auflage. Wiesbaden: Gabler 2008. tiksysteme. In: Inderfurth, K.; Neumann, G.; Schenk, Beiträge zu einer Theorie der Logistik. S. 323-347. M.; Wäscher, G.; Ziems, D.: Netzwerklogistik. Logis- Berlin: Springer 2008. Oberthür, Simon; Znamenshchykov, Alex; Klöpper, tik aus technischer und ökonomischer Sicht. 13. Benjamin; Vöcking, Henner: Improved Flexible Wissenschaftliche Fachtagung. Tagungsband. S. 3- Dangelmaier, W.: Terminplanung mit Vorwärts- und Resource Management by Means of Look-Ahead 19. Magdeburg, LOGISCH 2008. Rückwärtsterminierung. In: Koether, R. (Hrsg.): Scheduling and Bayesian Forecasting. In: Gause- Taschenbuch der Logistik. 3. Aufl. S. 133-142. Mün- meier, Jürgen; Rammig, Franz Josef; Schäfer, Wil- Blecken, A.; Brüggemann, D.; Dangelmaier, W.: chen: Hanser 2008. helm (Hrsg.) Self-optimizing Mechatronic Systems: Humanitäre Logistik im Wandel - neue Konzepte für Design the Future, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Pader- die spezifischen Anforderungen humanitärer Opera- Dangelmaier, W.; Brüggemann, D.; Dürksen, D.; born, S. 361-376, Paderborn, Feb. 2008. tionen. In: Inderfurth, K.; Neumann, G.; Schenk, M.; Klöpper, B.; Rust, T.: Produktionsplanungsverfahren Wäscher, G.; Ziems, D.: Netzwerklogistik. Logistik zur rollierenden Planung mehrstufiger Produktions- Klöpper, Benjamin; Romaus, Christoph; Schmidt, aus technischer und ökonomischer Sicht. 13. Wis- systeme bei simultaner Auswahl kostenminimaler Alexander; Vöcking, Henner: A Multi-Agent Planning senschaftliche Fachtagung. Tagungsband. S. 219- Schichtmodelle. In: Gronau, N. (Hrsg.): Wettbe- Problem for the Coordination of Function Modules. 232. Magdeburg, LOGISCH 2008. werbsfähigkeit durch Arbeits- und Betriebsorganisa- In: Gausemeier, Jürgen; Rammig, Franz Josef; Schä- tion. Berlin: GITO 2008. fer, Wilhelm (Hrsg.) Self-optimizing Mechatronic Dangelmaier, W: Ansätze für eine Online Optimie- Systems: Design the Future, HNI-Verlagsschriften- rung in der Serienfertigung. In: Dangelmaier, W.; Dangelmaier, W.: Materialwirtschaft. In: Kurbel, K.; reihe, Paderborn, S. 377-393, Feb. 2008 Heinz Nix- Aufenanger, M.; Klöpper, B. (Hrsg.): Reagible Unter- Becker, J.; Gronau, N.; Sinz, E.; Suhl, L. (Hrsg.): Enzy- dorf Institut, Heinz Nixdorf Institut nehmen in dynamischen Märkten. 10. Paderborner klopädie der Wirtschaftsinformatik. Online-Lexikon. Frühjahrstagung. ALB-HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe. Klöpper, Benjamin; Romaus, Christoph; Schmidt, Band 16. Paderborn: Fraunhofer-Anwendungszen- Dangelmaier, W.: Lagerbestandsführung. In: Kurbel, Alexander; Vöcking, Henner; Donoth, Jörg: .: DEFI- trum für Logistikorientierte Betriebswirtschaft 2008. K.; Becker, J.; Gronau, N.; Sinz, E.; Suhl, L. (Hrsg.): NING A SYSTEM OF OBJECTIVES FOR MULTI AGENT Enzyklopädie der Wirtschaftsinformatik. Online- COORDINATION OF FUNCTION MODULES WITHIN Dangelmaier, W.; Brüggemann, D.; Rust, T.; Klöpper, Lexikon. MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS. In: : Proceedings of B.: Kostenminimierung durch bedarfsorientierte IDETC/CIE 2008 ASME 2008 International Design Arbeitseinsatzplanung mit OOPUS WEB. Industrie- Dangelmaier, W.: Vorlaufverschiebung. In: Kurbel, Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers management 24 (2008) 2, S. 35-38. K.; Becker, J.; Gronau, N.; Sinz, E.; Suhl, L. (Hrsg.): and Information in Engineering Conference, Band ., Enzyklopädie der Wirtschaftsinformatik. Online- 3.-6. Jan. 2008. Danne, Ch.; Blecken, A.; Dangelmaier, W.: Comple- Lexikon. xity-Induced uncertainly in Supply chains - A Frame- Dürksen, Dietrich; Klöpper, Benjamin; Ruth, Daniel; work and Case Studies. In: Pfohl, H.-Ch.; Wimmer, Dangelmaier, W.: Verbrauchsgesteuerte Disposition. Thonemann, Christof, Wilhelm Dangelmaier: Combi- Th. (Hrsg.): Wissenschaft und Praxis im Dialog. In: Kurbel, K.; Becker, J.; Gronau, N.; Sinz, E.; Suhl, ning Distributed Matchmaking and Clustering to Robuste und sichere Logistiksysteme. S. 71-88. 4. L. (Hrsg.): Enzyklopädie der Wirtschaftsinformatik. Prune the Solution Space in Distributed Optimiza- Wissenschaftssymposium Logistik. Hamburg: Deut- Online-Lexikon. http:// www.enzyklopaedie-der- tion Problems - Demonstrated in the RailCab Sys- scher Verkehrsverlag 2008. wirtschaftsinformatik.de tem. In: Eighth International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems, Nr.1, S. 108-113, Barcelona, 1. Dangelmaier, W.: Customize-to-order als Paradigma Dangelmaier, W.: Bedarfsgesteuerte Disposition. In: Jan. 2008 IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Computer für das 5-Tage-Auto. In: 5. Europäische Automobil- Kurbel, K.; Becker, J.; Gronau, N.; Sinz, E.; Suhl, L. Society Press Innovationskonferenz 2008. Tagungsband. Bad (Hrsg.): Enzyklopädie der Wirtschaftsinformatik. Nauheim: 18. Juni 2008. Hannover: Vincentz Netz- Online-Lexikon. http:// www.enzyklopaedie-der- Blecken, A.; Hellingrath, B. (2008): Supply Chain werk 2008. wirtschaftsinformatik.de Management Software for Humanitarian Operations: Review and Assessment of current Tools. In: Fie- Dangelmaier, W.: Online Optimierungsansätze zur Dangelmaier, W.: Sekundärbedarfsermittlung. In: drich, F.; Van de Walle, B. (Eds.): Proceedings of the Steuerung der Produktion in der Serienfertigung. In: Kurbel, K.; Becker, J.; Gronau, N.; Sinz, E.; Suhl, L. 5th International Conference on Information Sys- Schenk, M. (Hrsg.): Logistik - Effiziente und sichere (Hrsg.): Enzyklopädie der Wirtschaftsinformatik. tems for Crisis Response and Management Warenketten in Industrie und Handel. 11. IFF-Wis- Online-Lexikon. ISCRAM2008, Washington, DC, USA, May 2008, pp. senschaftstage 25./26. Juni 2008. Tagungsband S. 342-351. 145-154. Magdeburg: Fraunhofer-Institut für Fabrik- Dangelmaier, W.: Primärbedarfsermittlung. In: Kur- betrieb und -automatisierung 2008. bel, K.; Becker, J.; Gronau, N.; Sinz, E.; Suhl, L. Blecken, A.; Hellingrath, B.; Aufenanger, M.; Ort- (Hrsg.): Enzyklopädie der Wirtschaftsinformatik. giese, M. (2008): Requirements and Solutions for Dangelmaier, W.: Online Optimierung für die PPS. Online-Lexikon. Supply Chain Management Software in Humanita- WINFO-Forschungskolloqium. Erwitte, 27. Juni 2008. rian Operations. In: Autere, V.; Bask, A.; Kovács, G.; Dangelmaier, W.: Brutto-Netto-Bedarfsrechnung. In: Spens, K.; Tanskanen, K. (Eds.): Proceedings of Blecken, A.; Hellingrath, B.; Dangelmaier, W.; Kurbel, K.; Becker, J.; Gronau, N.; Sinz, E.; Suhl, L. NOFOMA 2008 Conference, June 5-6, Helsinki, pp. Schulz, S. F.: A humanitarian supply chain process (Hrsg.): Enzyklopädie der Wirtschaftsinformatik. 105-119. HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:30 Seite 97

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in production & logistics". All interested parties may ring- und Approximationsalgorithmen zur Darstel- PhD Theses find the presentation contents of the conference as lung virtueller, geometrischer 3D-Szenen" (compu- well as some more information at www.alb.fhg.de. ter-aided analysis of material-flow-simulations in Dr. Christian Tonigold Here, the conference proceedings can also be boo- virtual environments). Optimization of production programs, resources ked. and processes as a part of the change design in NRW-Graduate-School "Graduate School of Dynamic production systems at the serial production of Intelligent Systems" aggregates Additional Functions Because of the growing dynamic an changes in the Management of the Fraunhofer-Anwendungszen- Interdisciplinary cooperation project: Neue Bahn- market manufacturing companies, especially those trums für Logistikorientierte Betriebswirtschaft technik Paderborn NBP with high invests, focus more and more the demand (ALB) Here the project group develops among other things for an efficient production of even large serial pro- Member of acatech - GERMAN ACADEMY OF SCI- an agent-based, absolutely distributed operational ducts. This demands, that even during the planning ENCE AND ENGINEERING concept for an objective-adjusted traffic. of the construction, adoptions and changes are to Member of the research advisory board of the BVL be made. These changes on manufacturing con- Member of the senate of the DFG structions might affect three areas in general: the Member of advisory committee of Cartec Lippstadt Current Industry Co-operations production program, the production resources and Member of advisory committee of Paderborner Boge Kompressoren GmbH: the production processes. In the dissertation of Dr. Center for Parallel Computing (PC²) Development of a new logistic concept Tonigold two planning horizons are regarded: the Head of Competence Center PPS-SCM-Systeme, program and resource planning, which covers more EAI-Systeme, Elektronische Marktplätze sowie Continental AG: the general planning of production processes, and CAS-CRm-Systeme der NetSkill AG EU-Projekt AC/DC: Advanced Chassis Development the resource and process planning, which covers in for 5-Day-Car detail maschines and the process chain. For both, horizons, the work develops optimization models, Current Research Projects Daimler AG: in order to reduce the change amount in a financial EU: "AC DC – Advanced Chassis Development for 5- Development of methods for a multi-line assembly view, covering the different market scenarios, and to Day-Car", especially: Development of methods for the handling of vari- avoid misinvestments. Task 2100: Development of the Dynamic Supply ants in work-cycle oriented assemblies Loop Concept Task 2200: Development of the collaborative Fore- Freudenberg & Co. KG: Fairs, Conferences, Seminars casting Reduction of the number of variants in the interna- 10th Paderborner Frühjahrstagung "responsive Task 2300: Development of an ontology for the tion supply-chain ‘customer’ companies in dynamic markets" planning consistency On March 26th, the 10th "Paderborner Frühjahrsta- Task 2400: Concept for Real-Time Event Handling Hymmen GmbH: gung" took place at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute of the in the supply-chain Identification and proposal of potentials in the area University of Paderborn. Then ensurance of a high Task 2600: Distributed development and testing of production and logistics ability to respond on market changes in a more and of mechatronic components more dynamic environment was this year's focus. Keiper GmbH & Co. KG: Experts from research as well as practice presented DFG: Implementation of a production planning an sche- the potentials of new concepts for a long-time suc- SFB 614: "Self-Optimizing Concept and Structure in duling system for the manufacturing of components cess of the globally-acting supply chain, in four mechanical engineering" parallel sessions. As invited speakers, Dr. Axel project A2: "Behavior-orientated Self-Optimization" Volkswagen AG: Moker, Head of supply chain management at the Goal is the formulation of a behavior-orientated self- Development of an integrated production planning Freudenberg Haushaltswaren KG, and Prof. Dr.-Ing. optimization. It dynamically adjusts the behavior of software fort he manufacturing of motors at the faci- Dr.-Ing. E.h Michael Schenk could be won. Again, a mechatronic system to its environment, without lities Chemnitz and Salzgitter more than 150 participants took the opportunity to the use of explicit models. inform themselves about theory and best-practices round about the conference's topic. Experts, e.g. AVIPASIA: Scientific Co-operations from the University of St. Gallen,, the Daimler AG "Interdisziplinäre Forschungsarbeiten in den Gebie- Helwan University Cairo, Egypt and Phoenix Contact Gmbh&Co presented innova- ten Modellierung und Simulation sowie Datenstruk- Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Osman tive projects. Main topics were "the adaptive turen und Algorithmen, Aktive Benutzerunterstüt- factory", "Design of production systems", "Custo- zung zur Analyse von Materialflusssimulationen in INESC Porto, Portugal mer-oriented supply chains" and "risk management virtuellen Umgebungen, Datenstrukturen, Rende- Prof. Dr. J.P. Sousa HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:30 Seite 98

94 Workgroups

Workgroup Computer Integrated Manufacturing Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

May, 2008 Asia International Symposium on Mechatronics, Publications August 27-31, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, Gausemeier, J.; Rammig, F.; Schäfer, W. (Hrsg.): Self- Chang, H.; Gausemeier, J.; Ihmels, S.; Wenzelmann, 2008 Optimizing Mechatronic Systems: Design the Future. C.: Innovative Technology Management System with 7th International Heinz Nixdorf Symposium, 20.-21. Bibliometrics in the Context of Technology Intelli- Gausemeier, J.; Znamenshchykov, O.; Oberthür, S.; Februar 2008, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 223, gence. In: Castillo, O.; Xu, L.; Ao, S.-I. (Eds.): Trends Podlogar, H.: An Approach for Achieving Self-Optimi- Paderborn, 2008 in Intelligent Systems and Computer Engineering. zation in Mechatronic Systems Supported by Active Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Volume 6. Patterns. In: Proceedings of AISM 2008 Third Asia Gausemeier, J.; Kahl, S.; Pook. S.: From Mechatro- Springer Verlag, 2008 International Symposium on Mechatronics, August nics to Self-Optimizing Systems. In: Gausemeier, J.; 27-31, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, 2008 Rammig, F.; Schäfer, W. (Hrsg.): Self-Optimizing Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M. (Hrsg.): Augmented & Vir- Mechatronic Systems: Design the Future. 7th Inter- tual Reality in der Produktentstehung. 7. Paderbor- Gausemeier, J.; Dumitrescu, R.; Podlogar, H.: Imple- national Heinz Nixdorf Symposium, 20.-21. Februar ner Workshop, 5.-6. Juni 2008, HNI-Verlagsschriften- menting Cognitive Functions with Active Pattern in 2008, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 223, Pader- reihe, Band 232, Paderborn, 2008 Self-Optimizing Systems. In: Proceedings of AISM born, 2008 2008 Third Asia International Symposium on Berssenbrügge, J.; Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M.; Kreft, Mechatronics, August 27-31, Hokkaido University, Gausemeier, J.; Zimmer, D.; Donoth, J.; Pook, S.; S.: Ein VR-basierter Nachtfahrsimulator für das Vir- Sapporo, Japan, 2008 Schmidt, A.: Conceptual Design of Self-Optimizing tual Prototyping einer adaptiven Leuchtweitenrege- Mechatronic Systems. In: Gausemeier, J.; Rammig, lung. In: Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M. (Hrsg.): Augmen- Klöpper, B.; Podlogar, H.; Witting, K.; Gausemeier, F.; Schäfer, W. (Hrsg.): Self-Optimizing Mechatronic ted & Virtual Reality in der Produktentstehung. 7. J.: Domain Spanning Search for Solution Patterns for Systems: Design the Future. 7th International Heinz Paderborner Workshop, 5.-6. Juni 2008, HNI-Ver- the Conceptual Design of Self-Optimizing Systems. Nixdorf Symposium, 20.-21. Februar 2008, HNI-Ver- lagsschriftenreihe, Band 232, Paderborn, 2008 In: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop lagsschriftenreihe, Band 223, Paderborn, 2008 on Data Modeling in Virtual Engineering DMVE ’08 Gausemeier, J.; Brink, V.; Ihmels, S.: From Foresight held in conjunction with the DEXA 2008, September Gausemeier, J.; Kahl, S.; Low, C.Y.; Schulz, B.: From to a technology-related development release: Appli- 1-5, Turin, Italy, 2008 the Principle Solution towards Controller Design of cation of the Innovation Database in the Context of Self-Optimizing Systems. In: Gausemeier, J.; Ram- Strategic Product and Technology Planning. In: Pro- Gausemeier, J.; Deyter, S.; Middendorf, A.; Reichl, mig, F.; Schäfer, W. (Hrsg.): Self-Optimizing Mecha- ceedings of The R&D Management Conference H.; Steffen, D.; Tsunezawa, K.; Walachowicz, F.: Spe- tronic Systems: Design the Future. 7th International 2008, June 17-20, Ottawa, Canada, 2008 cifying Mechatronic Systems in early Design Phases Heinz Nixdorf Symposium, 20.-21. Februar 2008, for Analysing Sustainability Aspects. In: Procee- HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 223, Paderborn, Deyter, S.; Gausemeier, J.; Middendorf, A.; Reichl, dings of Electronic goes Green 2008+, September 8 2008 H.: Consideration of Sustainability during the early -10, 2008, Berlin, Germany, 2008 Design Phases of Mechatronic Systems. In: Procee- Gausemeier, J.; Kaiser, I.; Pook, S.: Design of Inte- dings of the 11th Mechatronics Forum Biennial Gausemeier, J.; Znamenshchykov, O.; Oberthür, S.; grated Mechatronics Supported by a Knowledge International Conference, 23-25 June 2008, Univer- Podlogar, H.: An Approach for Achieving Self-Optimi- Base. In: Gausemeier, J.; Rammig, F.; Schäfer, W. sity of Limerick, Ireland, 2008 zation in Mechatronic Systems Supported by Active (Hrsg.): Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems: Patterns. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Design the Future. 7th International Heinz Nixdorf Deyter, S.; Gausemeier, J.; Lackmann, L.; Pöschl, M.; Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Appli- Symposium, 20.-21. Februar 2008, HNI-Verlags- Steffen, D.: InZuMech – Instrumentarium für die cations, November 26-28, 2008, Kaohsiung City, schriftenreihe, Band 223, Paderborn, 2008 frühzeitige Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse mechatroni- Taiwan, 2008 scher Systeme. wt Werkstattstechnik online Jahr- Gausemeier, J.; Böcker, J.; Radkowski, R.; Henke, C.; gang 98 (2008) Heft 7/8, 2008 Gausemeier, J.; Kinkel, S.: Strategische Technologie- Waßmann, H.: Anwendung von Augmented Reality planung mit Zukunfts-Szenarien – Methoden, Hilfs- zur visuellen Analyse einer Konvoi-Simulation am Radkowski, R.; Gausemeier, J.: Virtuelle Umgebun- mittel, Beispiele. VDMA Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, Beispiel der Neuen Bahntechnik Paderborn. In: gen zur Entwicklung selbstoptimierender Systeme. 2008 Simulation and Visualization 2008, 19th Confe- In: 11. IFF-Wissenschaftstage, Virtual Reality und rence, 28.-29. Februar 2008, Magdeburg, 2008 Augmented Reality zum Planen, Testen und Betrei- Gausemeier, J.; Ihmels, S.; Reymann, F.; Stollt, G.: ben technischer Systeme, 25.-26. Juni 2008 Umfeldszenarien – Instrumentarium zur rationellen Gausemeier, J.; Low, C. Y.; Steffen, D.; Deyter, S.: Erstellung von Markt- und Umfeldszenarien für das Specifying the Principle Solution in Mechatronic Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Donoth, J.; Kahl, S.: Spezi- Geschäft mit Antriebstechnik. In: FVA-Forschungsre- Development Enterprises. In: 2nd IEEE International fikationstechnik zur Beschreibung der Prinziplösung port 2008. Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik Systems Conference- SysCon 2008, April 7-10, selbstoptimierender Systeme des Maschinenbaus. (FVA), Würzburg, 2008 Montreal, Canada, 2008 Konstruktion, Teil 1: Juli/August 7/8 2008, Teil: 2 9 2008 Gausemeier, J.; Reymann, F.: Informationsbasis zur Gausemeier, J.; Kokoschka, M.; Stoll, K.: Netzwerk effizienten Erstellung von Markt- und Umfeldszena- „ConImit - Contra Imitatio“ Informations-, Kommuni- Berssenbrügge, J.; Kreft, S.; Gausemeier, J.: Using a rien. In: Abramovici, M.; Lindemann, U.; Gause- kations- und Kooperationsplattform für präventiven Virtual Reality-Based Night Drive Simulator as a Tool meier, J. (Hrsg.): Berliner Kreis Newsletter 2/2008, Schutz vor Produktpiraterie. In: 9. Karlsruher for the Virtual Prototyping of an Advanced Leveling Nr. 11. Berliner Kreis – Wissenschaftliches Forum für Arbeitsgespräche Produktionsforschung 2008, 11. Light System. In: Proceedings IDETC/CIE 2008 ASME Produktentwicklung e.V., Berlin, 2008 und 12. März 2008, Karlsruhe, 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Confe- rences & Computers and Information in Engineering Gausemeier, J. (Hrsg.): Vorausschau und Technolo- Berger, T.; Gausemeier, J. : Entwicklung von Techno- Conference, August 3-6, New York City, New York, gieplanung. 4. Symposium für Vorausschau und logiestrategien. Industrie Management 24 (2008) 3 USA, 2008 Technologieplanung, 30. und 31. Oktober 2008, Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissen- Gausemeier, J.; Zimmer, D.; Donoth, J.; Pook, S.; Gausemeier, J.; Zimmer, D.; Podlogar, H.; Schmidt, schaften, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 237, Schmidt, A.: Proceeding for the Conceptual Design A.; Donoth, J.: Determination of Active Pattern Paderborn, 2008 of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems. In: Procee- during the Conceptual Design of Self-Optimizing dings of the Design 2008, 10th International Design Systems demonstrated by an Air Gap Adjustment Gausemeier, J.; Brink, V.; Stoll, K.: Entscheider brau- Conference. Dubrovnik, Croatia, 19-22 May, 2008 System. In: Proceedings of the 19th International chen Alternativen - Systematische Entwicklung von Conference on Systems Engineering (ICSEng 2008), Geschäftsstrategiealternativen. In: Gausemeier, J. Gausemeier, J.; Kahl, S.; Low, C.; Schulz, B.: Syste- August 19-21, 2008, Las Vegas, USA, 2008 (Hrsg.): Vorausschau und Technologieplanung. 4. matic Development of Controllers Design Based on Symposium für Vorausschau und Technologiepla- the Principle Solution of Self-Optimizing Systems. Gausemeier, J.; Kahl, S.; Zimmer, D.; Schmidt, A.: nung, 30. und 31. Oktober 2008, Berlin-Branden- In. Proceedings of the Design 2008, 10th Internatio- Holistic Conceptual Design of Self-Optimizing burgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, HNI-Ver- nal Design Conference. Dubrovnik, Croatia, 19-22 Mechatronics. In: Proceedings of AISM 2008 Third lagsschriftenreihe, Band 237, Paderborn, 2008 HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:30 Seite 99

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Adelt, P.; Donoth, J.; Gausemeier, J.; Geisler, J.; Tagung zur Medienproduktion - Produktion und Vir- automated by intelligent methods or processed by Henkler, S.; Kahl, S.; Klöpper, B.; Krupp, A.; Münch, tualität, 27.-28. März 2008, Technische Universität machines. The TI-Ontology and the documentation E.; Oberthür, S.; Paiz, C.; Podlogar, H.; Porrmann, Ilmenau, 2008 of main processes provide an easy updating pro- M.; Radkowski, R.; Romaus, C.; Schmidt, A.; Schulz, cess. Furthermore, the method offers a standardi- B.; Vöcking, H.; witkowski, U.; Witting, K.; Zna- Radkowski, R.; Waßmann, H.; Henke, C.: Use of Aug- zed manual for knowledge procurement and techno- memshchykov, O.: Selbstoptimierende Systeme des mented Reality to Support the Visual Analysis of logy supervision to decision makers and further Maschinenbaus – Definitionen, Anwendungen, Kon- Hardeware-in-the-Loop Simulations. In: CIRP Design users. This new method has been integrated into zepte. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 234, Pader- Synthesis, April 7-9, 2008, Enschede, Netherlands, the Heinz Nixdorf technology database. The techno- born, 2008 2008 logy indicators are saved within the database and also, they can be used for technology reports and Frank, U.; Giese, H.; Klein, F.; Oberschelp, O.; Radkowski, R.; Richert, W.; Zabel, H.; Adelt, P.: Aug- technology roadmaps. Schmidt, A.; Schulz, B.; Vöcking, H.; Witting, K.; mented Reality-based Behavior-Analysis of Autono- Gausemeier, J. (Hrsg.): Selbstoptimierende Systeme mous Robotic Soccers. In: IADIS International Confe- Dr.-Ing. Salvatore Parisi des Maschinenbaus – Definitionen und Konzepte. rence of Applied Computation, April 10-13, 2008, A Method for the intelligent Authoring of 3D Anima- HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 155, Paderborn, Algarve, Portugal, 2008 tions for Training and Maintenance 2004 The Authoring of 3D Animation for training purposes Radkowski, R.; Waßmann, H.; Borzykh M.: Echtzeit- is a customer-oriented process which is realized by Radkowski, R.; Gausemeier, J.; Kleinjohann, B.; Visualisierung eines sturzvariablen Fahrwerks zur skilled modelers. Nevertheless, those modelers are, Richert, W.; Adelt, P.; Zabel, H.: Augmented Reality Analyse des Fahrverhaltens. In: Gausemeier, J.; in most cases, not able to educate and teach. This is to Support the Testing of Autonomous Systems by Grafe, M. (Hrsg.) 7. Paderborner Workshop, Aug- a major problem in transforming the training data the Example of Soccer Robots. In: 53. Internationa- mented & Virtual Reality in der Produktentstehung, into a 3D animation correctly. This thesis presents a les wissenschaftliches Kolloquium, September 8- 5.-6. Juni 2008, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band method for the intelligent authoring of 3D animati- 12, 2008, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 2008 232, Paderborn, 2008 ons for training and maintenance. Based on an analysis of a colloquial description of a Brink, V.; Ihmels, S.: Technology Management Sys- Radkowski, R.; Waßmann, H.: Augmented Reality at training step sequence, the characteristic linguistic tem to develop consistent Technology Strategies. In: the Devlopment Process of Mechatronic and Self- features are identified and related to matching onto- IAMOT2008-Proceedings, April 6-10, 2008, Dubai, Optimizing Systems. In: Workshop at International logy. The ontology combines the colloquial features 2008 Conference for Remote Engineering & Virtual Instru- of the manual’s text with the corresponding elements, June 23-25, 2008, Düsseldorf, 2008 ments of the 3D animation. This piece of work des- Brink, V.; Haug, J.; Ihmels, S.: Einführung eines Ver- cribes specifically the method for the intelligent aut- fahrens zur strategischen Produkt- und Technologie- Radkowski, R.; Krupp, A.: Ein Ansatz für Augmented horing of 3D animations for training purposes. The planung in einem Unternehmen der elektrischen Reality-basiertes systematisches Testen eingebette- thesis proves that the developed method eases and Antriebstechnik. In: Gausemeier, J. (Hrsg.): Voraus- ter Systeme. In: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Michael quickens the creation of 3D animations by giving an schau und Technologieplanung - 4. Symposium für Schenk (Hrsg.): 11. IFF-Wissenschaftstage, Virtual example from the EU-project KoBaS (Knowledge Vorausschau und Technologieplanung, 30.-31. Okt. Reality und Augmented Reality zum Planen, Testen Based Customized Services for Traditional Manu- 2008, Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wis- und Betreiben technischer Systeme, 25.-26. Juni facturing Sectors Provided by a Network of High senschaften, Berlin, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, 2008, Magdeburg, 2008 Tech SmEs). Band 237, Paderborn, 2008 Radkowski, R.; Waßmann, H.: An Augmented Rea- Dr.-Ing. Guido Stollt Donoth, J.; Klöpper, B.; Romaus, C.; Schmidt, A.; lity-based Approach for the Visual Analysis of Intelli- A Method for a structured projection in global Vöcking, H.: Defining Plan Metrics for Multi-Agent gent Mechatronic Systems. In: Proceedings of sectors of producing companies Planning Within Mechatronic Systems. In: Procee- IDETC/CIE 2008 ASME 2008 International Design The automobile and plant manufacture companies dings of the ASME 2008 International Design Engi- Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers as well as the machine and supplier similar sectors neering Technical Conferences & Computers and and Information in Engineering Conference, August need to create their production developing proces- Information in Engineering Conference IDETC/CIE 3-6, 2008, New York, USA, 2008 ses more efficiently, in order to develop creative 2008, August 3-6, 2008, Brooklyn, New York, USA, goods for the world market, quickly and on a com- 2008 Radkowski, R.; Waßmann, H.: Augmented Reality- petitive basis. Therefore, we need a systematical based Visual Analysis of Mechatronic Test Benches. projection which provides new impulses and enlar- Gerhard, D.; Brem, A.; Ihmels, S.; Voigt, K.-I.: Tech- In: Workshop at IDETC/CIE 2008 ASME 2008 Inter- ges the scope of action of business creation. nology Roadmapping in the Context of Make-or-Buy national Design Engineering Technical Conferences Often there is a lack of resources and adequate Decisions - From Technological Foresight to Project- & Computers and Information in Engineering Confe- methods which can help to identify factors of influ- oriented Planning. In: Proceedings of The R&D rence, August 3-6, 2008, New York, USA, 2008 ence for the future market and to concentrate on Management Conference 2008, June 17-20, 2008, them systematically. Hence, there is no basis princi- Ottawa, Canada, 2008 ple for establishing a market- and customer ori- PhD Theses ented strategy so far. Henkler, S.; Hirsch, M.; Kahl, S.; Schmidt, A.: CONTI- Dr.-Ing. Hua Chang The developed system allows identifying the sphere NUOUS DEVELOPMENT OF A SELF-OPTIMIZING AIR- A Methodology for the Identification of Technology of influence and the key factors for the future mar- GAP ADJUSTMENT SYSTEM FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHI- Indicators ket by analyzing the business’ environment pro- CLES. In: Proceedings of IDETC/CIE 2008 ASME Especially to companies the development of new perly. The creative anticipation of future develop- 2008 International Design Engineering Technical technologies is a factor of success. It is of impor- ments fulfils the expectations of the long-term effect Conferences & Computers and Information in Engi- tance to identify the advantages or barriers of tech- of the supported decisions. The method supports a neering Conference, August 3-6, 2008, New York, nologies, to recognize and analyze development gradual structure of an established basis for deci- USA, 2008 trends early, in order to develop suitable technology sion for the strategy formulation. The strategy com- strategies. Decision makers as well as researchers petence will be strengthened on all levels of deci- Köster, O.; Stoll, K.: IT-basierte Technologiefrühauf- urgently need an effective and (semi-)autonomous sion that a company has to make by establishing klärung. In: Gausemeier, J. (Hrsg.): 4. Symposium process to find technology relevant and using market and environment scenarios regu- für Vorausschau und Technologieplanung Heinz Nix- information.According to this, the thesis developed larly. The developed system is supported by an dorf Institut, 30. und 31. Oktober 2008, Berlin-Bran- a method to determine technology indicators and information process which allows a simple proces- denburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, focuses strongly on knowledge procurement. The sing and conditioning of the information data. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 237, Paderborn, method consists out of four levels: information 2008 retrieval, bibliometrical analysis, ontology and con- Dr.-Ing. Ingo Kaiser sulting experts. A case study shows that the method A system for developing mechatronic systems in Radkowski, R.: Einsatz und Nutzen virtueller Techno- can be transformed into praxis. The method offers a the MID technology logien für die Entwicklung intelligenter technischer quick processing of information data. Up to 70% of The MID Technology offers new possibilities to deve- Systeme. In: Krömker, H.; Klimsa P. (Hrsg.): 2. the knowledge procurement processes are either lop mechanic-electrical components. 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tages are convincing: high scope of creation, higher which builds an enormous threat for well-establis- 7th Paderborner Workshop “Augmented and Virtual functionality, shorter process chains and also the hed companies. Therefore, especially small and Reality in product development” decrease of the cost of production. It is a challenge middle-class companies are forced to operate pro- The seminar for developers and applicators from to develop MID components. Responsible for that is spectively and wisely. Also, they are supposed to research as well as from practice explains the the interaction of product and product system which take over positions within the competition which methods and tools of the development of VR- and needs to be considered during the development are unique and hard to copy. The thesis presents a AR-applications and offers exchange of results and process. Up to now, the development of MID com- constant method for future-oriented development discussions. ponents is only systemized insufficiently. The estab- and application of strategy options under conside- June, 5-6, 2008, Heinz-Nixdorf Museums Forum, lished method supports the development of pro- ration of the anticipated competitive conduct. The Paderborn ducts and product systems. It systemizes the deve- method enables small and middle-class companies lopment process into one generic and several MID- of the producing industry to organize a strategic „Automatica 2008“ process specific procedure models. The important planning effectively and effieciently. It is characteri- The experts represented the the collaborative pro- interactions are presented and complemented with zed by the implementation of possible develop- ject InZuMech as well as the web presentation method and instruction recommendations during ments of the markets and environments of the com- www.TransMechatronic.de within the project: specific procedures. panies and the anticipation of future competitive “Mechatronic Airport”. The “Mechatronic Airport” Thus, this method offers a practical guideline for the conduct. Moreover, it makes possible to identify worked as a metaphor for the travel planning of development of mechatronic systems in the MID future positioning which will be hard to copy and mechanical engineering moving towards Mechatro- technology. which can be staffed by the company. It is also able nics with consulting, flight booking and security gui- to identify the derivation of consistent steps to delines. Several approaches, plans and realizations Dr.-Ing. Ute Brüseke apply the strategic new-positioning. of a mechatronic procedure in Assembly, Robotics The use of Bibliometrics in Technology Manage- and Visions have been demonstrated. ment June, 24-27, Munich Companies being long-term successful usually Fairs, Conferences, Seminars stand out because of their innovative productions 9th “Karlsruher Arbeitsgespräche” 8th International Congress Molded Interconnect that feature low costs, high quality and a short pro- On March 11th and 12th, the 9th “Karlsruher Devices duction process. Product innovations and –success Arbeitsgespräche” took place. More than 650 repre- The 8th International Congress Molded Interconnect are not just determined by market, sector, politics sentatives from science and industry came to dis- Devices is the worldwide largest exhibition on MID and society, but also by “Technology”. Technologies cuss current results and challenges of the pro- and, therefore it creates an international accepted have an influence on product solutions, product duction research area. The event was called “Spit- portal where researchers can exchange their experi- development processes and product systems. The zentechnologien für den Wirtschaftsmotor Produk- ences on the field of molded interconnected devi- engineers of university have an enormous tion” and the experts from research as well as from ces. In the centre of this year’s exhibition were a knowledge in different technologies which is con- practice discussed the question how the german large number of application runs. In 25 professional stantly up-to-date and enlarged. This knowledge, production industry can cope with the upcoming presentations, one professional exhibition and which is presented in publications, is of great inte- global competitive conduct and price several guided visitations of companies the enor- rest for companies. Nevertheless, the amount of competition.The experts’ group presented results of mous width of possible applications of the MID publications is enormous and to read them all is too the cooperative project InZuMech as well as of the technology has been presented. Experts from the time-complex. To select just interesting and impor- experts’ portal: www.TransMechatronic.de. Heinz-Nixdorf-Institute introduced the autonomous tant knowledge from the publications seems to be March 11-12, 2008, Karlsruhe miniature robot to the audience. The robot’s current impossible. body is the most complex MID-component so far. This thesis presents a process model which is able “Hannover Messe” 2008 September, 24-25, 2008, Fürth to recognize weak signals from a large number of Ten of the biggest international fairs, 5100 exhibi- publications early enough to make them useful for tors and more than 60 countries were represented 4th Syposium for Projection and Technology Plan- technology management. By bibliometric analysis by the “Hannover Messe 2008”. Since 60 years ago ning – in cooperation with acatech the process maturity, leading institutions and this fair is the leading market place for path brea- This event offers an annual upcoming board where experts, existing and potential cooperation partners king technologies, materials and ideas. This year’s experts of product and technology planning present and technology application fields and their trends exhibition focused mainly on energy technology, their work, animate discussions and exchange diffe- can be identified. A short description of the techno- energy efficiency, the automation of the industrial rent experiences. This event addresses to decision logy can be established which shows an overview of sector and research. The “Hannover Messe 2008” makers from companies and leading persons of existing publications additionally. The user also attached certain significance to the innovations of relevant institutes who are dealing with the receives an interpretation guideline, next to the future as well as on the industrial application of structure of future businesses. methods and indicators. The results will be saved in new technologies. Every visitor experienced a October, 30-31,2008, Berlin- Brandenburgische so-called ”technology reports”. The process requi- domain-spanning overview. The group of experts Akademie der Wissenschaften res special user competences, especially by the presented the cooperative project InZuMech and bibliometrics and technology experts whose tasks the autonomous miniature robot which has been Annual Conference of the “Berliner Kreis” and skills are described and differentiated. developed in the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. The annual conference of the “Berliner Kreis” – April 20-24, 2008, Hannover scientific board for product development e.V.-took Dr.-Ing. Christoph Wenzelmann place on 14th November, 2008, following the invita- Method for future-oriented development and appli- “Ideenpark 2008” tion of Prof.Dr.-Ing. Martin Eigner in cooperation cation of strategy options under consideration of The “Ideenpark 2008” opened up a new world of with Siemens AG, Corporate Technology (www.sie- anticipated competitive conduct technology to families, children and adolescents. mens.de) in Munich-Neuperlach. Globalisation, constantly rising dynamics or increa- On an area of 40 000m² more than 200 exhibits In the afternoon of the conference the visitors were sing complexity are no longer new challenges for could be examined by young and old. One aim of offered to take part in an exclusive visitation companies – all those factors already belong to the this year’s exhibition was to enthuse young people through the BMW-World which was followed by a order of the day. Nevertheless, many small and for engineering in general. Furthermore, the exhibi- solemn evening reception. middle-class companies (which build the solid part tors wanted to motivate the adolescents to study In the frame of the annual conference leading perso- of the german economy, as is generally known) are mechanical engineering or to start an apprentice- nalities from the industry sector and presenters of not prepared for the above mentioned issues and ship in a technical sector. To support this aim, the the 28 institutes of the “Berliner Kreis” exchanged do not have any strategies to handle these pro- experts’ group from the ”Neue Bahntechnik Pader- knowledge on current developments within product blems. Especially the mechanical engineering born (NBP)”contributed with an interesting presen- conception. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier opera- industry consisting almost entirely of small and tation on the new RailCab-System. As one highlight tes as leading manager of the “Berliner Kreis”. middle-class companies find themselves exposed of the exhibition the experts explained the drop- November, 14, 2008, Munich-Neuperlach to more and more competition. The same happens variable individual axle drive of the RailCab-System to related sectors, such as the automobile industry and its function by showing an inter-active compu- “Innovation Workshop 2008 – practice strategic pro- and the medical technology. This is even more sup- ter show. duct planning” ported by phenomena like product counterfeiting May, 17-25, 2008, “Neue Messe Stuttgart” The “Innovation Workshop 2008 – practice strategic HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:30 Seite 101

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product planning” took place from 23rd to 24th ness: Meeting “Mittelstand”, 24th June, 2008, jects which have been chosen out of 100 partici- January, 2008 in Solingen. It offers leading persona- Gütersloh pants. The project’s aim is to establish a procedure lities of the mechanical engineering sector and simi- Manroland AG:PraxisDialog, 17th September, 2008, for VPS – demand analysis and VPS – efficiency. The lar areas the possibility to become acquainted with Offenbach procedure allows companies to analyze their own success-stories of strategic well-known companies. VDMA: Protect information – Know how!, 13th Octo- VPS- level of proficiency and to identify improve- Furthermore, the visitors have the chance to apply ber, 2008, Frankfurt am Main ment potentials. strategic product planning in case studies. Forty participants from the industrial sector develo- Trade fairs, Conferences, Symposia: Innovation ped concepts for a future tool trolley. The visitors against Product Counterfeiting Additional Functions welcomed the combination of theoretical presenta- Within the framework of trade fairs, conferences and Member of the Board and General Manager of the tions and practical work during the workshops. The symposia, ConImit presents the announcement scientific society “Berliner Kreis – Wissenschaftli- task was presented by the Gedore Company, a “Innovation against Product Counterfeiting” as well ches Forum für Produktentwicklung e.V.” manufacturer of high-class tools and tool folder sys- as the participating cooperative research projects. Chairman of the Supervisory Board of UNITY AG – tems. In this connection, the focus is on offering informa- internationally operating consultancy for strate- January, 23-24, 2008, Solingen tion and making companies, which are concerned, gies, processes, technologies and systems interested or already at risk, aware of product coun- Member of acatech – GERMAN ACADEMY OF 1st Action Day of the German Investment Goods terfeiting. This refers especially to companies from SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING; member of the Industry: Innovations against product counterfeiting the capital goods industry. A large number of versa- Supervisory Board since 2008 The German Goods industry is more and more threa- tile methods against product counterfeiting will be Leadership of the acatech theme – network “Pro- tened by product counterfeiting. Since January 2008 given in personal conversations. That will be further duct Development” the Federal Ministry for Education and Science underlined by an exhibition which displays how Board of directors’ member of the Sterling SIHI (BMBF) supports several collaborative research pro- hard the differentiation between original and faked GmbH jects as well as the conducting action ConImit (Con- investment goods can be. Dean of the “Mechanical Engineering” faculty of tra Imitatio) in the frame of the research offensive 7th International Heinz Nixdorf Symposium, 20th – the University of Paderborn from 1999 to 2008 “Innovation against product counterfeiting”. This 22nd February, 2008, Paderborn Speaker of the Collaborative Research Centre 614 event, organized by ConImit, gave information on 9th “Karlsruher Arbeitsgespräche for production „Self-optimizing concepts and structures in current and future possibilities to protect compa- research”, 11th – 12th March, 2008, Karlsruhe mechanical engineering“, established in 2002 nies from product counterfeiting. That event addres- 6th APM Congress, 15th April, 2008, Munich ses concerned, threatened and interested compa- Hanover Fair Industry, 21st – 25th April, 2008, nies. A conducting professional exhibition on the Hanover Spin-Offs phenomenon of product privacy as well as existing AUTOMATICA, 10th – 13th June, 2008, Munich UNITY AG initiatives informed about new possibilities of expe- 3rd German Mechanical Engineering Summit, 14th UNITY AG is a technology-oriented consultancy for rience exchange. More than 300 representatives of – 15th October, 2008, Berlin strategies, processes, technologies and systems. industry, research and politics accepted this offer. SPS/IPC/Drives, 25th – 27 November, 2008, Nurem- The main focuses of the consulting services are: January 22nd, 2008, House of German Economy, berg support the customers from an innovative product Berlin idea until success in market, assure a high producti- VDMA Information Symposium “Reliable mechatro- vity in goods and services and to design the proces- Regional Experience Exchange: Innovations against nic systems” ses of change by technical and managerial expertise product counterfeiting Within the frame of the information event “Reliable as well as business-like process- and ITmanage- In cooperation with the “Deutscher Maschinen- und mechatronic systems” results of current research ment. Complacent customers of UNITY AG are small Anlagenbau e.V. (VDMA)“ the transfer action ConImit projects from the field of “Tools and procedures for and middle-sized companies as well as big con- (Contra Imitatio) regularly organizes an event where a model-based synchronized project development” cerns. In the fiscal year 2006/2007 the company experiences with product counterfeiting can be and “Test and diagnosis procedures and systems with its 120 employees realized a sales volume of exchanged. First of all, leading employees of VDMA for product development, production and operati- 16.1 million Euro. Locations are situated in Pader- member companies are informed about legal and ons of mechatronic systems” are presented. At the born, Stuttgart, Hamburg and Munich as well as in technical protection possibilities against product same time, the expert group presents temporary Zurich and Cairo. counterfeiting. Following that, the participants have results of the cooperative project InZuMech as well http://www.unity.de conversations with consultants on the topic. as the Internet platform www.TransMechatronic.de. ErFa NRW, April 9th, 2008, Dortmund 7th November, 2008, Frankfurt/ Main FASTEC GmbH ErFa Sachsen/ Bayern, April 29th, 2008, Suhl FASTEC GmbH, founded in 1995, is an IT- and Engi- ErFa Hessen/ Rheinland, June 4th, 2008, Frankfurt 7th International Heinz Nixdorf Symposium “Self- neering-Company dealing with software and system am Main Optimizing mechatronic Systems: “Design the solutions for conveyor system suppliers and pro- ErFa Nord, December 4th, 2008, Hannover Future” ductive companies. FASTEC covers two interleaved The International Heinz Nixdorf Symposium is a sectors: Information Days: Innovations against Product biennial event which changes its main topic with - material flow automation in combination with con- Counterfeiting each event. It addresses to experts from both sci- trol technology, material flow calculation and simu- Main tasks of the transfer action ConImit (Contra ence and industry who want to receive information lation (headword "virtual start-up") Imitatio) is to make concerned, threatened and inte- about the state of the art of current research results - production management with MDE- BDE-solutions rested companies of the investment goods industry in the field of production development. This year’s for manufacturing (MDE, BDE, OEE,easyOEE,Tra- aware of the threats caused by product counterfei- focus constitutes on systems of mechanical engi- cking & Traching etc.), ERP-connection, computeri- ting and about existing protection possibilities. neering and similar branches which work with com- zed models of interconnected manufacturing sys- According to this, ConImit takes part in the informa- ponents of inherent partial intelligence. tems and digital manufactory. tion days on “Protection against product counterfei- February, 20-21, 2008, Heinz Nixdorf Museumsfo- Since 12 years FASTEC, member of OWL Maschinen- ting”. During these information days, the research rum, Paderborn bau, optimizes with 20 engineers, computer scien- target “protection against product counterfeiting” tists and professionals the manufactories of their as well as the participating cooperative projects will customers. Thus FASTEC safeguards the sites of be presented by plenary lectures. The following step Patents, Prizes, Awards these manufactories. consists of personal consultations with the partici- Prize Winner of the “Hightech Competition http://www.fastec.de pants. Within sessions efficient protection methods “Hightech.NRW” against product counterfeiting are shown. The project idea “Benchmark Virtual Prototyping Scenario Management International AG – ScMI AG VDMA: professional association for packaging and Simulation: Instruments for the analysis and ScMI AG, founded in 1998, is a public limited com- machines, 12th March, 2008, Würzburg optimization of the usage of Virtual prototyping and pany for company future design and strategic com- VDMA: executive manager of the professional asso- Simulation (VPS) in production processes” sustai- pany management. ScMI AG supports companies ciation, 17th March, 2008, Frankfurt am Main ned its position successfully in the Hightech Compe- and organisations in aligning to market and environ- German Federal Association for medium-sized busi- tition “Hightech.NRW”. It is one of the twelve pro- ment changes, developing visionary strategies as HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:31 Seite 102

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well as in the design and implementation of strate- DS. Aim of this subproject is the assistance of the InZuMech gic management, innovations and forecast proces- planning and optimization of the production pro- The aim of the joint project InZuMech is an instru- ses. cess of functional graded components. ment for the early reliability analysis of mechatronic http://www.scmi.de Supporting institution: DFG products. It consists of procedures and tools that support the developer in identifying possible influ- myview systems GmbH Rail Cab – New rail technology Paderborn ences between components of a system and carry- myview systems GmbH is one of the leading sup- The aim of the project is to develop a new type of ing out reliability analyses of the complete system pliers of catalogue and product data management rail system that would unite modern travel way tech- based on the model of the principal solution. The systems with over 10 years of experience within the nology with the advantages of the Transrapid and instrument should be gathered and be proven suc- field of database supported product communica- the use of existing rail lines. The activities focus on: cessful by means of the development of several tion. An increasing number of small and medium- development and visualization of vehicle and rail- innovative mechatronic products together with sized customers from industry and trading, like Het- road depot concepts. industry partners. The primary aim is the creation of tich, Weidmüller, Bosch Rexroth, effectively make Sponsoring institutions: State of North Rhine-West- a comprehensive model of the principal solution. use of the myview Xmedia product family. myview phalia/University of Paderborn The results of the joint project should be multiplied Xmedia supports the management of product and by publications (conferences, reference book), media data as well as of the marketing and publica- Distributed Visualisation and Simulation VISSIM functional exchange in committees, and offerings tion processes. In the context of the target agreement VISSIM for further education as well as by the internet plat- A product family with al huge functional wideness methods and tools are developed for distributed form TransMechatronic. and depth is offered in cooperation with OEM and visualisation and simulation. An example of use is a Supporting institution: BMBF service partners. Additionally a know-how-network Virtual Prototyping platform for a distributed, virtual is offered. Both covers all aspects for the realization testing of mechatronic vehicle components. ConImit of a global database supported product communi- Supporting institution: State of North Rhine-West- In the context of the Hightech Strategy of the Federal cation. A strict focus of the products on web techno- phalia Government, the BMBF pursues with the announce- logy and open standards enables innovative appli- ment "Innovation contra Product Counterfeiting" the cations in distributed processes for the customers Mini Robot aim of contributing an active prevention against without additional workplace-related costs. The product design of miniaturized mechatronical product counterfeiting for the capital goods indus- myView systems GmbH sees itself as a long periodic systems is to be supported by a development envi- try. As an accompanying measure for the supported partner with the strength of to create goal-oriented ronment. The development environment shall cooperative research projects ConImit coordinates solutions in cooperation with its customers. Ask the include procedure systematics, specification techni- their external presentation and supports the trans- customers for their experiences with myview sys- ques, methods and software-tools. In the range of fer of the research achievements into industry. The tems GmbH and its products. the project, a demonstrator is being developed as a objective is building up a network of the experts, http://www.myview.de miniaturized robot and produced as a prototype, which support concerned and endangered compa- which, in a medium term, will serve as a research nies during the realization of individual of pro- Smart Mechatronics GmbH platform for different tasks. tection concepts against product counterfeiting. The Smart Mechatronics GmbH is specialized in Supporting institution: BMBF development services in the fields of mechatronics, wearIT@work electronics and embedded software. The Smart The project wearIT@work researches and develops The future of Image Processing Mechatronics GmbH, which is a spin-off company of industrially-suited Wearable-Computing-Solutions By cooperating with a well-known union, the future UNITY and the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and Prof. Dr. for the application fields of car production (Skoda), of image processing is thought ahead systemati- Carsten Wolff, possesses an excellent background. maintenance of helicopters (EADS), hospital care cally. That means relevant business areas will be As a mechatronics service provider, Smart Mecha- (gespag) and emergency intervention (the fire identified in the future, future technologies will be tronics stands for innovative engineering, indepen- department of Paris). It is necessary for specialists described and also their usage within the industrial dent work, reliability and domain integration during of this area to be supported directly in their working sector services. The union’s member companies, the period of concept and realization in mechatronic processes with extreme mobile, or in clothes inte- especially small and medium-sized companies, will systems. grated, information- and communication systems. be able to operate strategic planning systematically http://www.smartmechatronics.de/ Supporting institution: European Union in the future. This will be realized by offering a transfer instrument for a rational establishment of market TransMechatronic and environment scenarios. Current Research Projects The aim of this project is comprehensive equipment Supporting institution: leading German Confedera- SFB 614: Self-Optimizing Concept and Structure in for the transfer of the technology mechatronics into tion Mechanical Engineering industrial practice. First an information system is The aim is to explore the basic principles and poten- developed, which uncovers the state of the art wit- VireS tial of self-optimization, to verify the results using a hin the range of mechatronics and will be operated In the collaborative project VireS, an instrument for demonstrator and to support development using a as the Internet portal "TransMechatronic.de". Based the integrative development of product and product comprehensive development methodology. The on these results a wide transfer will be conceived, systems is developed, under the early consideration workgroup plays a leading role in the following sub- e.g. in the form of newsletters and fair appearances. of aspects such as costs and robustness. The instru- projects (SP): SP A2: Behaviour-based self-optimiza- In addition to the work mentioned a development- ment consists of action models, specification tech- tion; SP B2: Design methodology; SP B3: Virtual benchmark is conceived. This focuses on pointing niques and evaluation tools and it is tested in four prototyping; SP K: Coordination out the specific potential in the area of mechatro- superior innovation projects. Its aim is to support Sponsoring institute: DFG nics to an enterprise and compile strategies to the developer, to develop and produce robust pro- exploit this potential. An offer for training and edu- ducts faster and less expensive. The instrument will SFB TR 30: Process integrated manufacturing of cation supplements the projects. be commercialized by accompanying software and functional graded components based on coupled Supporting institution: BMBF consultation partners after the project’s research thermo-mechanical phenomena work will have finished. A cooperation with produ- A new shaping of metal and synthetic materials is System Integration Lab – CENTRONIC cers of common software systems (ERP, PLM etc.) in the aim of the collaborative research centre which In the context of the competence centre "system the frame of a research group guarantees that the enables the creation of new products. The products’ integration lab" the service centre CENTRONIC for instrument will be embedded and distributed in features adjust themselves to the demand profile. the development and manufacturing of complex established IT-landscapes of the german industry. The so called functional graded structures are of mechatronic products will be founded. Apart from Supporting institution: BMBF special interest, particularly to the automobile and training and education courses industrial enterpri- the aircraft industry, because they allow an optimal ses are supported in the validation and selection of Transfer Project T1: “Specification Techniques – adaption of the component properties to different technologies as well as in the development of new Domain spanning Modelling of principle solutions” locations of one structure. Therefore, these structu- products. The aim of that project is to adjust the set of develo- res open new possibilities to the light weight con- Supporting institution: State of North Rhine-West- ped specification techniques for the description of struction. The chair is participating in the subproject phalia principle solutions of self-optimizing systems (deve- HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:31 Seite 103

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loped by the SFB 614) to industrial utilization. The presentation of products in need of explanation. In panies, to create future scenarios accurately, cost- modeling of the specification techniques will sup- the context of an industrial project a presentation efficiently and fast. Therefore, an information base port researchers to consider basic features, system for furniture hardware was planned and with global influencing factors of the domains com- respectively structures, and function of the systems prototypically realized. munity, technology, policy, environment and eco- quite early during the development of the concept. Customer: Hettich Holding GmbH & Co. oHG nomy, domain specific influencing factors and also Furthermore, it supports the documentation and it one software tool are provided. The information improves the communication as well as coopera- Strategic product planning testing and measure- base permits the investigation which constitutes tion within interdisciplinary development teams. ment engineering necessary information for developing scenarios by The proving and validation is carried out in coope- The target of that project is a further development using a relatively low effort. By making use of the ration with the doll’s manufacturer Sterling Industry of the market service (products and services) to set software tool, the existing information, can be Consult GmbH. the stage for the intended growth in sales and to easily combined to individual scenarios for particu- Supporting Institution: DFG ensure the enduring positive development of the lar companies by adding business specific factors. company. The aim of the project is a promising pro- Customer: Research association for drive enginee- duct portfolio that points out, which products and ring (FVA) Current Industry Co-operations complementary services (hybrid solutions) will be OWL Virtual Prototyping & Simulation needed for the growth in sales. To achieve that aim, Establishment of an innovation process in a The aim is to build up a virtual competence centre appropriate methods and those especially adapted medium-sized enterprise for the strengthening of the competitiveness of to the circumstances of medium-sized companies Purpose of this project is the drafting of an innova- companies in the geographical region Ostwestfa- and tools will be used. tion process and a support during the performance len-Lippe (OWL). The focus is on conveying Customer: Member of the energy supply sector of the processes. The challenge is, to adjust the knowledge about methods and tools for virtual pro- process to the concern of the medium-sized enter- totyping and simulation. Function-oriented product lifecycle management prise and to convince the assistants of the systema- Partner: OWL MASCHINENBAU e.V. system tics. So objective of the project is a process, speci- Within this project, conceptual solutions for a fied to the enterprise, which saves the strategic VPS-Quickcheck methodical and IT based support of a function-ori- growth target of the owner effectively. The VPS-Quickcheck shows due to an analysis of ented operation method in a product lifecycle Customer: Developer of high-voltage test and mea- the Product-development process the application management system have to be gathered and pro- sure control units potentials for Virtual Prototyping and Simulation in totypically implemented. In the first step the pro- the considered business company. Alltogether ject is focused onE/E-systems. Later, the concepts Chances in Medical Engineering there were executed VPS-Quickchecks in three SMB should cover a broader range of mechatronic sys- The project’s scheme is the systematic analysis of of the Region OWL. tems. In terms of a complete examination the con- the worldwide medical technology market as well Partner: Economic development community Biele- ceptual solutions should additionally be applicable as the identification of growth segments. Possibili- feld (WEGE mbH) on mechanics as well. Additionally an interchange ties will be developed for those kinds of growth with PLM system providers is aspired to have the segments which help the client to manage the mar- How does the Internet work? possibility to influence the further development of ket entry into selected growth segments. In the The aim is the conception and realisation of a mul- PLM systems if necessary. beginning, it will be thought ahead how the growth timedia-based, interactive VR-exhibit to explain the Customer: DaimlerChrysler AG Research & Techno- segments, on the basis of today’s influence, will functionality of the internet. Base of operations is logy develop technologically and within the market pro- the exhibit "A Visit inside a Computer", which was cesses. developed for the Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum of Strategic technology planning with the innovation The project’s target is a survey which comprises the Paderborn. database for electric drive engineering chances for a company producing components and Partner: Museo Elder, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria Within this project a procedure for strategic product semi-finished products and which wants to develop and technology-planning, developed by the Heinz completely new market segments within the field of A Visit Inside a Computer (BIC) Nixdorf Institute, is established at the customer. It medical technology. A market entry strategy with The aim is to design and implement a multimedia offers support to the customer in the efficient furt- precise product development tasks completes the VR-AR exhibit for explaining the operation of com- her development of the market services within the survey. puter and internet. area of conflict between market pull and techno- Initiator: A well-known producer of components and Customer: Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum logy push. The procedure is based on a database semi-finished products for the automobile industry and methods for producing and updating content AR based prototyping in the vehicle pre-develop- as well as the descriptive presentation of content, Chances and risks for the drive technology in the ment e.g. in form of an innovation roadmap. printing machine industry Today, real prototypes are used to design new vehi- Customer: Producer electric micro devices Electric midget and precision drives are basic ele- cle models. However, in many cases, no complete ments of today’s well-known printing methods. But real prototypes exist. Merely, partial components Redesign of a production system for manufacturing there is an increasing number of printing methods are available. Other components such as auto body of chemic-technical products on the market which, to a large extent, operate wit- and interior equipment are just available as 3DMo- Objective of the project is the redesign of the hout electric drive technology. The initiator of that dels in the computer. Via an AR-system, virtual con- manufacturing of a company dealing with chemic- project who is a producer of midget and precision struction of vehicles parts is shown on real vehicle technical products. The redesign is based on an drives considers his future business to be threate- prototypes to support reviews and to visualize analysis of the business and production processes. ned by that development. Target of the project is a design alternatives. The task is to identify wastage or inefficient mate- systematical business analysis within the field of Partner: Volkswagen Nutzfahrzeuge AG rial usage. Particularly, the solutions for the econo- electric drive technology in the printing machine mic and material efficient production of products, industry and its environment. By using scenario- Virtual Testing of Innovative Headlight Systems which will be the main focus of the market perfor- technique, detailed future images are developed To visualize the functional behaviour of a Predictive mance in future, has to be identified. In particular which describe situation of markets and their envi- Advanced Front Lighting System (PAFS), a demons- the efficient production processes, flows, instru- ronments in the year 2018. The aim is to set up trator based on the VR driving simulator "Virtual ments and, also, an optimal usage of existing spa- market and environment scenarios for the usage of Nightdrive" was developed. The system represents tial conditions is important. midget and precision drives and the printing descriptive the function mode of this new techno- Customer: Producer of chemic-technical Products machine industry as well as their description of the logy and facilitates the optimization of the algo- impact of these scenarios on the future business. rithms in the computer. Equipment for a rational creation of market and Initiator: Producer of electric midget and precision Partner: Visteon Deutschland GmbH environment scenarios for the business with drive drive technology engineering Product presentation with Augmented Reality Purpose of the research project is the development Optimization of assembly platforms for switch The aim is the development of an Augmented Rea- of an information base for the scenario technique. assembling lity-based presentation system fort he innovative Objective is, to enable participating business com- Objective of the project is the designing, modeling HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:31 Seite 104

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and simulating of a projected assembly platform with the initiator. Furthermore, the structure and for security switches. At this workstation an assem- the design of the working station will be revised bly of a standard switch, produced by the initiating within the frame of the new material supply con- company, will be carried out in the future. The opti- cept. An assembly working station is exemplarily mal distribution of working contents and the num- produced and simulated for a product line of the ber of used workers have to be well considered, in initiating company. The project’s results are order to guarantee an optimal utilization for the models which are able to simulate the material assembly platform. By using computer models, the flow concept as well as the assembly working sta- optimal utilization of the assembly is determined tion, including the according material supply. and described by producing a simulation of the Besides these, several further projects with part- assembly itself. ners from different industries, especially in the Initiator: Producer of electronic and electro-mecha- field of strategic product- and technology-planning, nical systems and components for industry auto- are currently carried out. Because of non-disclosure mats agreements, these projects cannot – even anonymously – be listed here in detail. Analysis and optimization of the material flow Initiator: Producer of office equipment during the assembly of furniture production The project’s target is the optimization of the material flow in the assembly of table tops and table racks. On the basis of the “NOW situation analy- Besides these, several further projects with part- sis”, concepts for the design and for the material ners from different industries, esp. in the field of flow within the assembly area will be developed. strategic product- and technology-planning, are The different material flow concepts are represen- carried out. Because of non-disclosure agreements, ted and analyzed computer internally. Following these projects cannot – even anonymously – be lis- that, the concepts will be valued in cooperation ted here in detail. HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:31 Seite 105

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Workgroup Computers and Society Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil

Xu, L., Hampel, T. Büse, D.: The Analysis of Web 2.0 Member of the advisory committee of "Lernstatt Publications Application in University Education in China. In: K. Paderborn" (since 2005) Blank, M., Bopp, T., Hampel, T., Schulte, J.: Social McFerrin et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of Society for Scientific Director (with Prof. Michael Kerres) of Tagging = Soziale Suche?, Münster: Waxmann, Feb- Information Technology and Teacher Education "education quality forum (eq)" North Rhine West- ruary 2008, Vol. 47, 85–96 International Conference 2008, Chesapeake, VA. phalia (since 2001) AACE, March, 3–9, 2008, Las Vegas, USA, 2403– Speaker of the expert group on technology of the Drášil, P, Pitner, T., Hampel, T., Steinbring, M.: Get 2409 Virtual University Bavaria (since 2003) ready for Mashability! Concepts for Web 2.0 Service Member of the GMW (Gesellschaft für Medien in Integration. In: Proceedings of the 10th Internatio- Schulte, J., Hampel, T., Stark, K., Eder, J., Schikuta, der Wissenschaft) Steering Committee (since nal Conference on Enterprise Information Systems E.: Towards the next Generation of Service-oriented 2005) (ICEIS 2008), June, 12–16, 2008, Barcelona, Spain, flexible Collaborative Systems A basic Framework Member of the advisory committee "nestor – Net- 160–167 applied to Medical Research. In: Proceedings of the work of competence in long-term archival sto- 10th International Conference on Enterprise Infor- rage", Frankfurt (since 2007) Erren, P., Niehus, D., Bittner, K., Hoffmann, A., Horst- mation Systems (ICEIS 2008), June, 12–16, 2008, Consultant for the Information Society Directorate mann, C., Jokoblew, M., Kouroutzidis, A., Maszczyk, Barcelona, Spain, 232–239 General of the European Commission for the pro- C., Pietsch, C., Schröder, M., Shuttleworh, M., Win- ject "aposdle – Advanced Process Oriented Self- kelnkemper, F. & Yu, L. (2008). Machine-Readable Schulte, J., Hampel, T., Gießmann, M., Ferber, F., directed Learning Environment" (since 2006) Knowledge Structuring by Using Tagging Techni- Stark, K.: Theatrum Machinarum Generale – Schau- Member of the program commitee "Multikonferenz ques. In Proceedings of World Conference on Educa- platz der digitalen Wissensorganisation, Archivie- Wirtschaftsinformatik – Session Alltagstauglich- tional Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunica- rung und Erschließung. In: Die 6. E-Learning Fachta- keit von Anwendungssystemen und Infrastruktu- tions 2008, pp. 5204-5211 gung Informatik der Gesellschaft für Informatik ren" (DelFI 2008), Lübeck, September, 7–10, 2008, Member of the program commitee "DeLFI - Deut- Ferber, F., Gießmann, M., Hampel, T., Schulte, J.: 101–113 sche eLearning Fachtagung Informatik" Bringing Together High-Tech Laboratories and E- Member of the program commitee "MuC - Mensch Learning Infrastructures. In: Proceedings of the 50th Schulte, J., Hampel, T, Bopp, T., Hinn, R., Hampel, T.: und Computer" International Symposium Electronics and Marine, Wasabi Framework – An open Service Infrastructure Member of the program commitee "GMW-Jahresta- ELMAR 2008, Zadar, Croatia, September 10–12, for Collaborative Work. In: Proceedings of the Third gung" 2008 International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge Member of the program commitee "PerEL - Perva- and Grid (SKG’07), IEEE Computer Society, Xi’an, sive ELearning" Gaiser, B., Hampel, T., Panke, S. (eds.): Good Tags – China, October 2007, Number 0-7695-3007-9, Bad Tags: Social Tagging in der Wissensorganisa- 242–2487 Thorsten Hampel: tion, Münster: Waxmann, 2008, Vol. 47, ISBN: 978- Consultant for the Virtual University Bavaria (VHB) 3-8309-2039-7 Stark, K., Schulte, J., Hampel, T., Schikuta, E., Zat- Consultant for the Ministery of Science and loukal, K., Eder, J.: Gatib-CSCW, Medical Research Research NRW - Open Access Initiative Digital Peer Hampel, T., Pitner, T., Schulte, J.: Web 2.0 Mashups supported by a service-oriented Collaborative Sys- Publishing NRW for Contextualization, Flexibility, Pragmatism and tem. In: Z. Bellahsene and M. Léonard (Eds.), Pro- Member of the expert group e-learning for the Robustness. In: Proceedings of the 10th Internatio- ceedings of the 20th International Conference on CDTF (Chinese-German Technical Faculty) in Qing- nal Conference on Enterprise Information Systems Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE dao, China (ICEIS 2008), June, 12–16, 2008, Barcelona, Spain, 2008), Montpellier, France, June 2008, Springer, Member of the jury for MEDIDA-PRIX - the GMW 108–112 Volume 5074 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, media didactic award 148–162 Hampel, T., Ferber, F., Gießmann, M., Schulte, J., Pit- Consultant for the German Federal Ministery of Education and Research, Directorate University, ner, T.: Ant Trails – Enhancing Interoperability and Tschetschonig, K., Ladengruber, R., Hampel, T., Innovation and Reform of Studies Novel Storage Strategies to Improve Data Processing Schulte, J.: Kollaborative Taggingsysteme im Electro- Consultant for the State of Bavaria's initiative Ver in E-Science. In: Proceedings of the 25th Danubia- nic Commerce, Münster: Waxmann, February 2008, bund SprachChancen Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Vol. 47, 119–130 Mechanics (DAS), Ceske, Budejovice, September 23–27, 2008, 83 Current Research Projects PhD Theses BID-OWL Keil, R.: Von der Zeichentransformation zur Wis- Dr. phil. Sabrina Geißler In the project "Bildung im Dialog - Ostwestfalen- sensarbeit. Digitale Medien eröffnen neue Poten- Media Destillation as Innovative Quality of Social Lippe” (BID-OWL) an internet-based working envi- ziale für die Wissensarbeit. Forschungsforum Pader- Software ronment for educational use is being developed, born 11-2008, University of Paderborn, 12–17 In the field of computer science as well as in media which allows a knowledge management through the science, there are many projects investigating new Kühnel, B., Niehus, D., Schmidt, B.: Inherit Your Internet and co-operative learning within and across qualities of digital media and innovative web tech- Tags: Integration of collaborative tagging and tag schools. nologies in particular. While computer science focu- proposal into knowledge-spaces. In: Proceedings of opensTeam – ses primarily on technical qualities, media science World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Structuring of Information in a Team concentrates on restructuring processes of society Hypermedia and Telecommunications 2008, AACE, open-sTeam is an Open Source approach to koope- and the resulting transformations of the media land- Vienna, Austria, June 30 – Juli 4, 2008, 4996–5004 rative knowledge organization. Infrastructures and scape. However, a convergence of these approaches methods of structuring knowledge in groups, ran- Lah, O., Hampel, T., Büse, D., Xu, L.: Xin Neng Yuan is rarely to be found. The dissertation deals with this ging from document management to e-Learning are – New Energy – New Teaching Methodologies in area of conflict. The interdisciplinary project aims at being developed and evaluated. China. In: K. McFerrin et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of identifying aspects of digital media from the per- Society for Information Technology and Teacher Edu- spective of computer science as well as media sci- Locomotion – cation International Conference 2008, Chesapeake, ence. Low-Cost Multimedia Organisation and Production VA. AACE, March, 3–9, 2008, Las Vegas, USA, The project Locomotion, funded by the BMBF aims at embedding the University of Paderborn’s diverse 2342–2347 Additional Functions IT systems for managing learning modules, exami- Schulte, J., Bopp, T., Hinn, R., Hampel, T.: Wasabi Reinhard Keil: nation data and knowledge organisation into an Beans – SOA for Collaborative Learning and Working Member of the advisory committee "Technologie- integrated IT environment. Systems. In: Proceedings of the Second IEEE Inter- zentrum Informatik (TZI; Center of Technology and national Digital Ecosystems and Technologies Con- Computer Science)", Bremen (since 1998) mistel ference, IEEE-Dest 2008, February, 26–29, 2008, Member of the advisory committee "Forschungs- In the DFG project mistel a distributed architecture Phitsanulok, Thailand, 177–183 und Beratungsstelle Arbeitswelt (FORBA)", Vienna is developed to allow for the convergence of (since 2000) knowledge organisation, digital libraries and plan- HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:31 Seite 106

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ning systems. The project duration has been exten- Infracor GmbH (Evonik Degussa GmbH), Marl ded in 2007 for another year. The project is realized Current Industry Co-operations Project partner in the joint project DAWINCI (Perme- in cooperation with the University of Duisburg- Unger, Welsow & Company GmbH, Paderborn ability in training and education in the chemical Essen. Co-operation in areas of software ergonomics and industry). web design in co-operation with other companies. LARS – Learning on the Road Industriepark Wolfgang GmbH, Hanau In cooperation with the Bezirksregierung Detmold InnoZent OWL, Paderborn Project partner in the joint project DAWINCI (Perme- and the Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum a virtual Co-operation in the development of a regional e- ability in training and education in the chemical school is established for children whose parents tra- Learning competence center and the analysis and industry). vel for a large part of the year, like circus artists. evaluation of an NRW-wide search engine for further education, funded by the Ministry of Economy and Provadis Partner für Bildung und Beratung GmbH, Xin Neng Yuan – New Energy Employment NRW. Frankfurt In a management game German and Chinese stu- Project partner in the joint project DAWINCI (Perme- dents act in different roles within the European Forschungsgemeinschaft Sifa-Langzeitstudie ability in training and education in the chemical Union and develop a European strategy to reduce Implementation of a cooperation platform that sup- industry). the effects of climate change. The game is structu- ports the exchange of occupational safety specia- red into face-to-face and online phases, thus allo- lists from all over Germany. Weiterbildungs-Stiftung (WBS), Wiesbaden wing an intercontinental exchange of ideas on new Project partner in the joint project DAWINCI (Perme- energies. lernen-hellweg, Soest ability in training and education in the chemical Development of a cooperation platform that sup- industry). koaLA – co-active Learning and Working Environ- ports an exchange between women in the Hellweg ment Region. dSpace, Paderborn The co-active learning and working environment Co-operation on topics of cooperation support and koaLA, having been developed in the Locomotion kippdata Informationstechnologie GmbH, Bonn web 2.0 applications. project is being adapted to be used in universities. Questions in the field of integrated knowledge New interfaces to administrative applications are management at the workplace are the subject of Siemens AG, Siemens IT Solutions and Services, being developed. this cooperation. Paderborn Co-operation in the field of usabilty and software Opportunities and limits in combining notional and Creos Lernideen und Beratung GmbH, Bielefeld ergonomics. graphical knowledge organisation: Dynamic base Cooperation in the fields of e-learning and online ontology and cooperative semantics communities and within the joint project DAWINCI Vereinigung der Industrie- und Handelskammern in An interdisciplinary project between philosophy and (Permeability in training and education in the che- NRW e. V., Düsseldorf computer science studying acting schemes in know- mical industry). Joint activities in the field of eGovernment. ledeg work. Daimler AG, Stuttgart Unity AG, Büren Unified Collaboration – Working with Virtual Know- Co-operation on topics of cooperation support for Co-operation in the field of cooperation platforms ledge Spaces the design of business processes between divisions and modelling of business processes. Configuration, acquisition and implementation of a of a company as well as between companies. multi-media infrastructure for co-active work with Schulamt der Stadt Paderborn high-definition video. RAM Engineering + Anlagenbau GmbH, Gelsenkir- Support and consultancy in the further develop- chen ment of the "Lernstatt Paderborn". koPEP – Cooperative Product Development Proces- Co-operation on topics of integration of heterogene- ses ous system landscapes. Schulabteilung der Bezirksregierung, Detmold Cooperative enhancement of product development Joint activities and projects in the fields bid-owl processes in cooperation with Daimler AG. ChemKom e. V., Marl (regional education network Ostwestfalen-Lippe) Project partner in the joint project DAWINCI (Perme- and LARS (Learning on the Road). ability in training and education in the chemical industry).

Currenta GmbH & Co. OHG, Leverkusen Project partner in the joint project DAWINCI (Perme- ability in training and education in the chemical industry). HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:31 Seite 107

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Workgroup Algorithms and Complexity Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide

Proceedings of the 11th Scandinavian Workshop on mentations of algorithms as well as libraries sup- Publications Algorithm Theory (SWAT), pp. 378-389, 1 Jan 2008 porting the implementation of BSP algorithms on Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm; Schneider, Bar- different architectures. A general implementation of bara: Local Strategies for connecting stations by Degener, Bastian; Gehweiler, Joachim; Lammersen, BSP, the Paderborn University BSP(PUB) library, is small robotic networks. In: IFIP International Federa- Christiane: Kinetic Facility Location. Algorithmica, provided, which allows the implementation of effi- tion for Information Processing, Volume 268; Biolo- Jan 2008 cient BSP algorithms for a wide range of architectu- gically- Inspired Collaborative Computing, pp. 95– res in a very comfortable way. In particular, techni- 104, Sep 2008, Springer Boston ques to utilize unused computational power of exis- Degener, Bastian; Gehweiler, Joachim; Lammersen, ting workstation clusters are considered. Paralle- Christiane: The Kinetic Facility Location Problem. In: lism on a single chip is also investigated, as multi Lürwer-Brüggemeier, Katharina; Ziegler, Martin: On Proceedings of the 24th European Workshop on core processors are the most promising way to Faster Integer Calculations Using Non-arithmetic Pri- Computational Geometry, pp. 251-254, Jan 2008 mitives. In: Proc. 7th International Conference on increase performance for every-day user. It is Unconventional Computation (UC'08), Lecture Notes shown that implementing many simple processors Bienkowski, Marcin; Byrka, Jaroslaw ; Korzeniowski, in Computer Science, volume 5204, pp. 111-128, 1 increases parallelism more effectively than imple- Miroslaw; Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm: Optimal Aug 2008, Springer Verlag menting only one to four more complex “classical” Algorithms for Page Migration in Dynamic Networks. processors. The benchmarks, although using very Journal of Discrete Algorithms 2008 small and simple 32 bit RISC processor cores, give Ziegler, Martin; Koolen, Wouter M.: Kolmogorov an impression of the potential performance of such Complexity Theory over the Reals. In: Brattka, Vasco; Kutylowski, Jaroslaw; Meyer auf der Heide, Fried- systems. BSP can be useful in such a scenario as Weihrauch, Klaus editor. Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Com- helm: Optimal strategies for maintaining a chain of well. Thus, BSP algorithms can be implemented on putability and Complexity in Analysis (CCA'08), relays between an explorer and a base camp . Theo- a large range of parallel systems by using the Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 1 retical Computer Science 2008 appropriate compiler and library, without modifying Aug 2008, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands the source code. Mense, Mario; Scheideler, Christian: SPREAD: An Köhler, Sven; Ziegler, Martin: On the Stability of Fast Adaptive Scheme for Redundant and Fair Storage in Dr. rer. nat. Michael Kortenjan Polynomial Arithmetic. In: Proc. 8th Conference on Dynamic Heterogeneous Storage Systems. In: 19th Size Equivalent Cluster Trees - Rendering CAD Real Numbers and Computers, pp. 147-156, 1 July ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms Models in Industrial Scenes 2008 (SODA), San Francisco, California, USA, 2008 Despite improvements of modern graphics cards three dimensional representation of large scenes is Eikel, Benjamin; Fischer, Matthias; Laroque, Chris- a challenging field of activity. Examples of such Brinkmann, André; Effert, Sascha: Data Replication toph: Regelung von Animationen in Simulationen scenes are industrial complexes, which are compo- in P2P Environments. In: 20th ACM Symposium on von hochdynamischen Fabrikszenen . In: Gause- sed of a multitude of CAD models. Size Equivalent Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures (SPAA), meier, Jürgen; Grafe, Michael editor. Augmented & Cluster Trees (SEC-Trees) present a possibility of München, Germany 2008 Virtual Reality in der Produktentstehung, volume overcoming these challenges. SEC-Trees are created 232, pp. 193--206, June 2008, Heinz Nixdorf Insti- by organizing triangles of an object in groups of tri- tut, Universität Paderborn Gehweiler, Joachim; Meyer auf der Heide, Fried- angles with similar area first, then clusters within helm: Bin Packing oder 'Wie bekomme ich die Kla- these groups are identified. The clusters are hand- motten in die Kisten?'. In: Taschenbuch der Algorith- Mahlmann, Peter; Schindelhauer, Christian: Ran- led as if they were triangles and are inserted into men, pp. 395-403. Springer-Verlag 2008 dom Graphs for Peer-to-Peer Overlays. In: Meyer auf the group corresponding to their size. The resulting der Heide, Friedhelm editor. The European Integra- Le Roux, Stephane; Ziegler, Martin: Singular Cove- hierarchy defines the SEC-Tree. For each 3d model ted Project "Dynamically Evolving, Large Scale Infor- rings and Nonuniform Notions of Closed Set Compu- such a tree is generated within a preprocessing and mation Systems (DELIS), Proceedings of the Final tability. Mathematical Logic Quarterly (MLQ), 54(5): rendered at runtime. Only a constant number of tri- Workshop, number 222, pp. 1-22, 27 - 28 Feb 2008, pp. 545-560 2008 angles in the scene is chosen for rendering, enab- HNI Verlagsschriftenreihe, Paderborn ling navigation through large scenes. Within an Ziegler, Martin: Physically-Relativized Church-Turing object triangles are selected and rendered by hierarchically weighting a SEC-Tree's nodes. Ziegler, Martin: A Meta-Theory of Physics and Com- Hypotheses: Physical Foundations of Computing putation. In: Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physika- and Complexity Theory of Computational Physics. Dr. rer. nat. Gunnar Schomaker lischen Gesellschaft, pp. 145. Deutsche Physikali- Applied Mathematics and Computation 2008 Distributed Resource Allocation and Management sche Gesellschaft (DPG) 2008 Meer, Klaus; Ziegler, Martin: An explicit solution to in Heterogeneous Networks This work describes the allocation and management Dangelmaier, Wilhelm; Fischer, Matthias; Huber, Post's Problem over the Reals. Journal of Comple- xity, 23, Jan 2008 of distributed heterogeneous resources connected Daniel; Laroque, Christoph; Suess, Tim: Aggregated via an arbitrary network. The focus of this work is to 3D-Visualization of a Distributed Simulation Experi- overcome dynamical behavior of connected rement of a Queuing System. In: Mason, S. J. ; Hill, R. ; Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm: The European Inte- source nodes. It mainly considers the efficiency of Moench, L.; Rose, O. editor. Winter Simulation Con- grated Project "Dynamically Evolving, Large Scale operations needed to resolve the heterogeneity of ference (WSC‘ 08), 2008 IEEE, Omnipress Information Systems (DELIS)", Proceedings of the nodes and to ensure the availability of items. The Final Workshop, Barcelona, February 27-28, 2008. presented methods are mainly discussed in the Suess, Tim; Fischer, Matthias; Huber, Daniel; Laro- HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Paderborn, volume 222, area of storage networks. que, Christoph; Dangelmaier, Wilhelm: A System for Fakultät für Elektrotechnik, Informatik und Mathe- Aggregated Visualization of Multiple Parallel matik, Universität Paderborn, Jan 2008 Katharina Lürwer-Brüggemeier Discrete Event Simulations. In: International Sympo- Capability and complexity of computations with sium on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Com- integer Division puting Techniques (APDCT-08), 2008 IEEE, IEEE PhD Theses In this thesis computations with an operation set Computer Society Press Dr. rer. nat. Olaf Bonorden including integer division DIV in the unit cost model Versatility of bulk synchronous parallel computing, are considered. CCn(S) the families of languages n Dangelmaier, Wilhelm; Eikel, Benjamin; Fischer, from the heterogeneous cluster to the system on LQ that can be recognized by S-computationtrees chip Matthias; Laroque, Christoph: Dynamic Control of S-CTs with S {+,-,*,* c,DIV,DIVc} are characterized. To provide more performance, computers have to Animation Schemes for the Efficient 3D-Visualiza- They are completely characterized for S={+,-,DIVc} utilize more and more processing units. A general tion of Material Flow Simulations. In: Industrial and S={+,-,*, DIVc} and for S={+,-,DIV} and S={+,- Simulation Conference (ISC 2008), pp. 306-310 model for such systems is needed, which allows ,*,DIV} only in the case n=1 and partially in the 2008 EUROSIS, EUROSIS-ETI portable yet efficient parallel programs. In the the- case n>1 for S={+,-,DIV} und S={+,-,*,DIV}. The rela- sis, a family of models — the bulk synchronous tions among the classes CCn(S) are completely parallel (BSP) models — is evaluated. The thesis determined and lower bounds for such S-Cts are Degener, Bastian; Gehweiler, Joachim; Lammersen, surveys algorithms for BSP, and examines imple- proven. Christiane: The Kinetic Facility Location Problem. In: HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:31 Seite 108

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The first nontrivial lower bound for ({+,-,*,DIV},Q)- BCSS machines (`algebraic model') perform fini- G-School: NRW Graduate School of Dynamic Intelli- CTs leaves a doubly logarithmic gap between the tely many arithmetic operations on real numbers gent Systems lower bounds for polynomial evaluation over {+,-,*} exactly. Pasco-GK: DFG Research Training Centre (postgra- and {+,-,*,DIV}. This leads to the question if a poly- However, doubts about the validity of the so-called duate program) "Scientific Computation" nomial p can be evaluated in o(deg p) over {+,- Church-Turing Hypothesis have led to the study of DFG Research Training Centre " Automatisms - ,*,DIV}. This is possible with N. Bshouty’s algorithm notions of (discrete) computability that go beyond emerging structures in information technology, in constant time restricted to a finite input set or the Turing machine, so-called hypercomputers. media, and culture " over all integers with bitwise conjunction as an The present work surveys the three extensions, additional operation. These results are used for investigating and comparing the computational acceleration of matrix multiplication, of determinant power of their various combinations. Current Research Projects computation over {+,-,*,DIV} and of matrix powering DELIS: EU-Integrated Project "Dynamically Evolving over {+,-,*,DIV,gcd}. Large scale Information Systems" (DELIS) (until Feb- Additional Functions ruary 2008) Dr. rer. nat. Mario Mense Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide: On Fault-Tolerant Data Placement in Storage Net- Member of the “Hochschulrat" of the University of AEOLUS: EU-Integrated Project IST-15964 "Algorith- works Paderborn mic Principles for Building Efficient Overlay Compu- We investigate the efficient placement of homoge- Initiator and Coordinator of the EU-Integrated Pro- ters" (AEOLUS) neous data blocks in static and dynamic storage ject “Dynamically Evolving Large Scale Information (area) networks (SANs) that perhaps may consist of Systems" (DELIS) (until February 2008) FRONTS : EU-Strep "Foundations of Adaptive Networ- non-uniform capacities by regarding the constraints Member of the German Academy of Sciences ked Societies of Tiny Artefacts" that a) every access to the stored data blocks can „Leopoldina“ always be answered quickly and efficiently and fur- Elected Reviewer of the DFG (German Research DFG-Smart Teams: DFG Priority Program 1183 thermore, that b) access to the data is ensured per- Foundation) (until March 2008) „Organic Computing“ with the project: „Smart manently under any circumstances. Therefore, we DFG Special Advisor (Vertrauensdozent) of the Teams“ (with Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Christian Schindel- introduce a couple of fault-tolerant strategies for an University of Paderborn hauer) efficient data allocation in a SAN while fault-tole- Member of the Board of External Scientific Advi rance is guaranteed by introducing redundancy into sers (Fachbeirat) of the Max-Planck-Institute for DFG-Netz: DFG Priority Program 1126 “Algorithms the system. These strategies can be distinguished Computer Science at Saarbrücken for Large and Complex Networks with the project: with respect to their required storage overhead as Direktor der NRW-Graduate School of Dynamic “Algorithms for Large Dynamic Geometric Graphs“ well as their capability to cope with scalable and/or Intelligent Systems (one of three directors) (with Juniorprofessor Dr. rer. nat. Christian Sohler, heterogeneous capacities of the given storage sub- Assistant Chairman of the Paderborn Institute for until March 2008) systems. We show by detailed analysis that rando- Scientific Computation (PaSCo) and its graduate mized algorithms are the better choice to provide an college DFG-AlgoEngCG: DFG Priority Program 1307 „Algo- efficient data distribution in scalable and heteroge- Managing Editor of “Journal of Interconnection rithm Engineering“ with the project: „ Algorithm neous storage environments whereas for homoge- Networks (JOIN)", World Scientific Publishing Engineering for Problems in Computer Graphics “ neous storage systems we rather present novel era- Editor of the dblp series Information Processing (with Dr. rer. nat. Matthias Fischer) sure resilient codes, called Read-Write Codes, that, Letters (IPL) in contrast to usual erasure codes, like RAID and Member of the program committee of the work- DFG-AVIPASIA: DFG project „Interactive Model Modi- Reed-Solomon codes, offer advanced data modifica- shop „Parallele Algorithmen, Rechnerstrukturen fication, Synchronized Analysis and 3D Visualization tion properties with respect to the stored data und Systemsoftware (PARS)“, 2008 of Parallel Discrete Event Simulation“ (with Prof. Dr.- blocks. Member of the program committee of the work Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier and Dr. rer. nat. shop ALGOSENSORS, 2008 Matthias Fischer) Coordinator of the ICALP Workshops on Foundati Habilitation (postdoctoral qualification) ons of Information Management in Networks (with ViProSim: Center of excellence “Distributed Visuali- Dr. Martin Ziegler Stefano Leonardi, Rome), 2008 zation and Simulation“ (VisSim). Agreement on Real Computability and Hypercomputation Member of the Evaluation Committee of the “Bun- objectives of University of Paderborn and Ministry Turing machines are generally agreed to be the deswettbewerb “Jugend Forscht" for Science and Research of North Rhine-Westphalia appropriate mathematical idealization describing General Chair of the ACM-Symposiums „Paralle the capabilities of actual digital computers. With lism in Algorithms and Architectures (SPAA)“ DFG-RealHyper: DFG project „Real Hypercomputa- regard to computations on real numbers (being con- tion“ (Dr. rer. nat. Martin Ziegler) tinuous rather than digital objects), two major Graduate School Programs: extensions have become well established: HNI-GK: DFG Research Training Centre (postgra- Heisenberg-Award: "Berechenbarkeit und Berech- Recursive Analysis considers computation on reals duate program) "Automatic Configuration in Open nungskomplexität physikalischer Theorien" (Dr. Mar- in terms of infinite approximations by fractions of Systems" tin Ziegler) integers. HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:32 Seite 109

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Workgroup Design of Distributed Embedded Systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

Division of Labor in Social Insects. In: Proc. of the Lessmann, Johannes; Heimfarth, Tales; Janacik, Publications 2nd IFIP Conference on Biologically Inspired Colla- Peter: ShoX: An Easy to Use Simulation Platform for Adelt, Philipp; Schmidt, Alexander; Esau, Natascha; borative Computing (BICC 2008), Milan, Italy, Sep. Wireless Networks. In: Proceedings of the 10th Kleinjohann, Lisa; Kleinjohann, Bernd; Rose, Mirko: 2008 International Conference on Computer Modelling & Approximation of environment models for an air gap Simulation, Cambridge, England, Apr. 2008 adjustment system in a hybrid planning context. In: Jahnich, Isabell; Podolski, Ina; Rettberg, Achim: Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Towards a Middleware Approach for a Self-Configu- Lessmann, Johannes; Lutters, Sascha: An Integrated Intelligent Control (ISIC), 3. - 5. Sep. 2008 rable Automotive Embedded System. In: Procee- Node Behavior Model for Office Scenarios. In: Pro- dings of 6th IFIP Workshop on Software Technolo- ceedings of the 41st Annual Simulation Symposium, Anthony, Richard; Ward, Paul; Chen, Dejiu; Rettberg, gies for Future Embedded & Ubiquitous Systems Ottawa, Canada, Apr. 2008 Achim; Hawthorne, James; Pelc, Mariusz; Törngren, (SEUS 2008), Capri Island, Italy, 1. - 3. Oct. 2008 Martin: A Middleware Approach to Dynamically Con- Lessmann, Johannes; Heimfarth, Tales: Flexible figurable Automotive Embedded Systems. In: Pro- Jahnich, Isabell; Podolski, Ina; Rettberg, Achim: Offline-Visualization for Mobile Wireless Networks. ceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Integrating Dynamic Load Balancing Strategies into In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference Vehicular Computing Systems (ISVCS 2008), Dublin, the Car-Network. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Interna- on Computer Modelling & Simulation, Cambridge Ireland, 22. - 24. Jul. 2008 tional Workshop on Electronic Design, Test and England, Apr. 2008 Applications (DELTA 2008), Hong Kong, 23. - 25. Jan. Chen, Dejiu; Anthony, Richard; Persson, Magnus; 2008 Lessmann, Johannes; Janacik, Peter; Lachev, Lazar; Scholle, Detlef; Friesen, Viktor; de Boer, Gerrit; Rett- Orfanus, Dalimir: Comparative Study of Wireless berg, Achim; Ekelin, Cecilia: An Architectural Kerstan, Timo; Groesbrink, Stefan: Modular Paging Network Simulators. In: Proceedings of The Seventh Approach to Autonomics and Self-management of with dynamic TLB partitioning for embedded real- International Conference on Networking (ICN), Can- Automotive Embedded Electronic Systems. Procee- time systems. In: SIES '07. Third International Sym- cun, Mexico, Apr. 2008 dings of the 4th European Congress ERTS (EMBED- posium on Industrial Embedded Systems, La DED REAL TIME SOFTWARE), Toulouse, France, 29. Grande Motte, France, 2008 Ludwig, Ch.; Reimann, Ch.: Augmented Reality: Jan. - 1. Feb. 2008 Information at Focus. In: The Icfai University Press, Koch, Markus; Kleinjohann, Bernd: An efficient data- India: Virtual Reality - Concepts and Applications. Dittmann, Florian; Oberthür, Simon: Algorithmic flow-oriented fuzzy library. In: Proceedings of 47th Skeletons for the Design of Partially Reconfigurable International IEEE Conference on Instrumentation, Masuhr, Julian; Klompmaker, Florian; Reimann, Systems. In: Proceedings of 15th Reconfigurable Control and Information Technology (SICE 2008), Christian; Nebe, Karsten: Designing Context-Aware Architectures Workshop - RAW 2008, Miami, Florida, Tokyo, Japan, 20. - 22. Aug. 2008, IEEE Press In-Car Information Systems. In: The Fifth Annual USA, 2008 International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Koch, Markus: Haptic human-machine interaction Systems: Computing, Networking and Services Dittmann, Florian: Methods to Exploit Reconfigura- by active, holonomic moving devices. In: Procee- (MobiQuitous 2008), Dublin, Ireland, 21. - 24. Jul. ble Fabrics. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Paderborn, dings of International IEEE/ASME Conference on 2008 Volume 229, Fakultät für Elektrotechnik, Informatik Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM 2008), und Mathematik, Universität Paderborn, Jan. 2008 Xi´an, China, Volume 1, 2. - 5. Jul. 2008, IEEE Press Montealegre, Norma; Rammig, Franz Josef: Immuno- repairing of FPGA designs. In: Biologically-Inspired Ecker, W.; Mueller, W.; Doemer, R. (eds.): "Hardware Koch, Markus; Schrage, J.; Richert, Willi: Optic- Collaborative Computing, Lecture Notes in Computer Dependent Software - Principles and Practice", Tactile robotics and medical applications. In: Pro- Science, Volume 268, pp. 137-149, 2008, IFIP WG Springer Verlag, Dordrecht, Nov. 2008 ceedings of International IEEE/ASME Conference on 10.5, Springer Boston Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM 2008), Esau, Natascha; Adelt, Philipp; Schmidt, Alexander; Xi´an, China, 2. - 5. Jul. 2008, IEEE Press Montealegre, Norma: Fault tolerance in FPGA Rose, Mirko: Interval Optimization in a Hybrid Plan- designs by means of Immunocomputing. In: ner Context for an Air Gap Adaptation System. In: Koch, Markus; Schrage, J.: Movement reconstruction Dresdner Arbeitstagung Schaltungs- und Systement- Proc. of the Third Asia International Symposium on in industrial and medical domains based on topolo- wurf, pp. 131-136, 2008, Fraunhofer Institut Inte- Mechatronics (AISM), Sapporo, Japan, 27. - 31. Aug. gical Petri nets. In: Proceedings of 6th International grierte Schaltungen 2008 Industrial Simulation Conference (ISC 2008), Lyon, France, Eurosis, Volume 1, 9. - 11. Jun. 2008 Mueller, W.; Wolfe, J. (Eds.): Proceedings 5th Inter- Gausemeier, Jürgen; Rammig, Franz Josef; Schäfer, national DAC Workshop of UML for SoC Design, Wilhelm (eds.) Self-optimizing Mechatronic Sys- Koch, M.; Beckebans, R.; Schrage, J.; Richert, W.: Anaheim, CA, June 2008 tems: Design the Future. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Real-time measurement, visualization and analysis Paderborn, Volume 223, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Feb. of movements by fiber optical sensory applied to Muench, Eckehard; Adelt, Philipp; Krueger, Martin: 2008 robotics. In: Proceedings of 47th International IEEE Hybrid Planning and Hierarchical Optimization of Conference on Instrumentation, Control and Infor- Mechatronic Systems. In: Proceedings of the Inter- Grossmann, J.; Fey, I.; Krupp, A.; Conrad, M.; Wewet- mation Technology (SICE 2008), Tokyo, Japan, Aug. national Conference on Control, Automation and zer, Ch.; Mueller, W.: TestML – A Test Exchange 2008 Systems (ICCAS), Seoul, Korea, 14. - 17. Oct. 2008 Language for Model-based Testing of Embedded Software. ASWSD06, Editors: Broy, Krueger, Meini- Koch, M.; Schaefers, L.; Kleinjohann, B.: An efficient Oberthuer, Simon; Znamenshchykov, Alex; Kloep- ger. LNCS 4922, Springer Verlag, 2008 dataflow-oriented fuzzy library. In: Proc. 47th Inter- per, Benjamin; Voecking, Henner: Improved Flexible national IEEE Conference on Instrumentation, Con- Resource Management by Means of Look-Ahead Heimfarth, Tales: Biologically Inspired Management trol and Information Technology (SICE 2008), Tokyo, Scheduling and Bayesian Forecasting. In: Gause- of Distributed Services for Wireless Sensor Net- Japan, Aug. 2008 meier, Juergen; Rammig, Franz Josef; Schaefer, Wil- works. Dissertation, Universität Paderborn, Heinz helm (Hrsg.) Self-optimizing Mechatronic Systems: Nixdorf Institut, Entwurf Paralleler Systeme, HNI Ver- Laroque, Christoph; Lietsch, Stefan; Zabel, Henning: Design the Future, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, pp. lagsschriftenreihe, Paderborn Computational Steering Verteilter, interaktiver Mate- 361-376, Paderborn, Feb. 2008 rialflusssimulationen. In: Augmented & Virtual Rea- Heimfarth, Tales; Janacik, Peter: Experiments with lity in der Produktentstehung, Volume 232, pp. 221- Orfanus, Dalimir; Lessmann, Johannes; Janacik, Biologically-Inspired Methods for Service 239, Heinz Nixdorf Museumsforum Paderborn, Peter; Lachev, Lazar: Performance of Wireless Net- Assignment in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Pro- 2008 work Simulators - A Case Study. In: Proc. 3rd ACM ceedings of the 2nd IFIP Conference on Biologically Workshop on Performance Monitoring and Measure- Inspired Collaborative Computing (BICC 2008), Lessmann, Johannes; Held, Dirk: A Mobility-Adap- ment of Heterogeneous Wireless and Wired Net- Milan, Italy, Sep. 2008 tive TDMA MAC for Real-time Data in Wireless Net- works (PM²HW²N), part of the 11th ACM MSWiM works. In: Proc. IFIP Networking 2008, Singapur, Conference, Vancouver, Canada, 27. - 31. Oct. 2008, Heimfarth, Tales; Orfanus, Dalimir: Resource-Aware May 2008 ACM Clustering of Wireless Sensor Networks Based on HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:32 Seite 110

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Pham Van, Tien: Proactive Ad Hoc Devices for Relay- Richert, Willi; Nordmeyer, Bastian; Lüke, Olaf; Klein- Zabel, H.; Mueller, W.; Gerstlauer, A.: Accurate RTOS ing Real-Time Video Packets. Dissertation, Univer- johann, Bernd: Increasing the autonomy of mobile Modelling and Analysis with SystemC. In: W. Ecker, sity of Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Entwurf robots by on-line learning simultaneously at diffe- W. Mueller, R. Doemer (eds.) "Hardware Dependent Paralleler Systeme, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, rent levels of abstraction. In: International Confe- Software - Principles and Practice", Springer Verlag, Paderborn rence on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems Dordrecht, Nov. 2008 (ICAS'08), Jan. 2008, IEEE Computer Society Press Podolski, Ina; Rettberg, Achim; Jahnich, Isabell: Zabel, Henning; Mueller, Wolfgang: An Efficient Time Towards Autonomous Sensor Networks by a Self- Schaefer, R.; Mueller, W.: Assessment of a Multimo- Annotation Technique in Abstract RTOS Simulations Configurable Middleware. In: Proceedings of Work- dal Interaction and Rendering System against Estab- for Multiprocessor Task Migration. In: Distributed shop on Sensor Networks and Applications (WSeNA lished Design Principles. Journal on Multimodal Embedded Systems: Design, Middleware and 2008), Gramado, Brazil, 3. - 5. Sep. 2008 User Interfaces, 2008 Resources, Volume 27, pp. 181-190, 2008, Springer Boston Radkowski, Rafael; Richert, Willi; Zabel, Henning; Schilke, Helene; Rettberg, Achim; Dittmann, Florian: Adelt, Philipp: Augmented Reality-based behavior- Towards a Petri Net Based Approach to Model and Zhao, Yuhong; Oberthür, Simon; Rammig, Franz Analysis of Autonomous Robotic Soccers. In: IADIS Synthese Dynamic Reconfiguration for FPGAs. In: Josef: Runtime Model Checking for Safety and Con- International Conference of Applied Computation, Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on sistency of Self-optimizing Mechatronic Systems. In: Algarve (Portugal), 2008 Electronic Design, Test and Applications (DELTA Gausemeier, Jürgen; Rammig, Franz Josef; Wilhelm, 2008), Hong Kong, 23. - 25. Jan. 2008 Schäfer (Hrsg.) Proceedings of the 7th International Radkowski, Rafael; Krupp, Alexander: Ein Ansatz für Heinz Nixdorf Symposium: Self-optimizing Mecha- Augmented Reality-basiertes systematisches Testen Schmidt, Alexander; Esau, Natascha; Adelt, Philipp: tronic Systems, ALB-HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, 20. - eingebetteter Systeme. In: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Integrating dynamic track sectioning into a hybrid 21. Feb. 2008, Heinz Nixdorf Institut Michael Schenk (Hrsg): 11. IFF-Wissenschaftstage, planning infrastructure. In: Proceedings of the Inter- Virtual Reality und Augmented Reality zum Planen, national Conference on Instrumentation, Control Testen und Betreiben technischer Systeme, Magde- and Information Technology, Chofu City, Tokyo, PhD Thesis burg, 25. - 26. Jun. 2008 Japan, 20. - 22. Aug. 2008 Michael Ditze Bidirectional Cross-Layer Management of QoS Rammig, Franz Josef; Heimfarth, Tales; Janacik, Schmidt, Alexander; Esau, Natascha; Adelt, Philipp; Capabilities in Wireless Multimedia Environments Peter: Biologically Inspired Methods for Organizing Stern, Claudius: Dynamic optimization of track Transferring complex multimedia applications to Distributed Services on Sensor Networks. In: Pro- sectioning in mechatronic systems for a hybrid plan- wireless mobile networks constitutes new challen- ceedings of the Dagstuhl Seminar on Organic Com- ner. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference ges. To solve these challenges a tight interaction of puting, Wadern, Germany, Apr. 2008 on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), Taka- various techniques running on different layers of the matsu, Kagawa, Japan, 5. - 8. Aug. 2008 communication network are needed. This is the Rammig, Franz Josef: Cyber Biosphere for Future topic of Michael Ditze’s Ph.D. thesis. He developed Embedded Systems. In: Proc. IFIP SEUS’08, Springer Schmidt, Alexander; Adelt, Philipp; Esau, Natascha; an innovative cross layer approach where optimiza- LNCS, 2008 Kleinjohann, Lisa; Kleinjohann, Bernd: Using Envi- tion algorithms are tightly coupled with adaptation ronmental Models Approximated by Fuzzy Identifi- techniques. In a clever way the specific properties Rammig, Franz; Ditze, Michael; Janacik, Peter; Heim- cation for Hybrid Planning of Mechatronic Systems. of compressed multimedia streams are made use farth, Tales; Kerstan, Timo; Oberthür, Simon; Stahl, In: Proceedings of the 28th Computers and Informa- of. Carsten Ditze developed three main components Katharina: Basic Concepts of Real-Time Operating tion in Engineering Conference (CIE), New York City, which he combines to the UPnP-based BiCyCLE fra- Systems. In: W. Ecker, W. Mueller, R. Doemer (eds.) New York, USA, 3. - 6. Aug. 2008 mework: A fuzzy logic-based access control, a "Hardware Dependent Software - Principles and novel, dedicated scheduling algorithm named MLLF, Practice", Springer Verlag, Dordrecht, Nov. 2008 Stern, Claudius; Adelt, Philipp; Richert, Willi; Klein- and a fuzzy rate adaptation algorithm. In the BiCy- johann, Bernd: Hierarchically Distributing Embed- CLE framework these three components are integra- Reimann, Christian; Klompmaker, Florian; Santel- ded Systems for Improved Autonomy. In: Procee- ted in a seamless manner. The results of the disser- mann, Holger: MRPipeline: A Module based Archi- dings of the Distributed Parallel Embedded Systems tation are already published in 11 international con- tecture for self adaptive Mixed Reality Applications. Workshop (DIPES), Distributed and Parallel Embed- ferences and journals. In: ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and ded Systems, 7. - 10. Sep. 2008 Technology (VRST 2008), Bordeaux, France, 27. - 29. Martin Zambaldi Oct. 2008 Stern, Claudius; Adelt, Philipp; Krummel, Volker; Concepts for the Development of a Generic Multi- Ackermann, Marcel R: Reliable Evidence of Data Level Test Bench Covering Different Areas of Appli- Rettberg, Achim; Anthony, Richard; Chen, Dejiu; Jah- Integrity from an Untrusted Storage Service. In: Pro- cation nich, Isabell; de Boer, Gerrit; Ekelin, Cecilia: A Dyna- ceedings of the 4th International Conference on Net- In the area of digital electronics well established mically Reconfigurable Automotive Control System working and Services (ICNS '08), Gosier, Guade- test methodologies und test environments exist. Architecture. In: Proc. of the 17th IFACWorld Con- loupe, Mar. 2008, IEEE Computer Society Press Supporting test methods across various levels of gress 2008, Seoul, South Korea, 6. - 11. Jul. 2008 abstraction, however, is not solved satisfactory up Vanderperren, Y.; Mueller, W.; Daheane, W.: UML for to now. For this purpose flexible test environments Richert, Willi; Kleinjohann, Bernd: Adaptivity at Electronic Systems Design – A Comprehensive Over- have to be provided, that cover a variety of abs- Every Layer - A Modular Approach for Evolving Socie- view. Journal on Design Automation for Embedded traction levels. This exactly is the topic of Martin ties of Learning Autonomous Systems. In: Procee- Systems, Springer Verlag, Aug. 2008 Zambaldi’s Ph.D. thesis. He developed concepts for dings of IEEE/ACM ICSE Workshop on Software Engi- a highly generic multi layer test environment which neering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems Wehrmeister, Marco; Freitas, Edison P.; Orfanus, by flexible adaptation across abstraction layers (SEAMS), Leipzig, Germany, 2008 Dalimir; Pereira, Carlos E.; Rammig, Franz Josef: A allows reusing verification knowledge (VIP) in an Case Study to Evaluate Pros/Cons of Aspect- and efficient manner. He implemented his concept of a Richert, Willi; Kleinjohann, Bernd; Adelt, Philipp: Object-Oriented Paradigms to Model Distributed test environment called MLTB and demonstrated its Measurement of robot similarity to determine the Embedded Real-Time Systems. In: Proc. of 5th Inter- applicability by means of application examples. The best demonstrator for imitation in a group of hetero- national Workshop on Model-based Methodologies test bench is innovative and scientifically deman- geneous robots. In: 2nd IFIP Conference on Biologi- for Pervasive and Embedded Software (MOMPES), ding. On the other hand it is based on the most cally Inspired Collaborative Computing (BICC 2008), pp. 44-54, Apr. 2008, IEEE Computer Society recently used techniques in industry, standards and 2008 tools. The high scientific and practical value of the Zabel, Henning; Mueller, Wolfgang: Präzises Inter- thesis is demonstrated by 13 scientific publications Richert, Willi; Klompmaker, Florian; Niehoerster, Oli- rupt Scheduling in abstrakten RTOS Modellen in on leading international conferences and 10 ver: Guiding exploration by combining individual SystemC. In: Methoden und Beschreibungssprachen patents. learning and imitation in societies of autonomous zur Modellierung und Verifikation von Schaltungen robots. In: 2nd IFIP Conference on Biologically Inspi- und Systemen, pp. 31-39, MBMV08, Freiburg, Ger- red Collaborative Computing (BICC 2008), 2008 many 2008, Shaker Verlag HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:32 Seite 111

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Christian Reimann Member of GI FB 3 Technical Informatics SPP Reconfigurable Computing, Project “TP²R² – Mobile Augmented Reality Anwendungen - Perfor- Co-editor Teuber Texte zur Informatik Temporal Placement and Temporal Partitioning of manceorientierung im Entwurf und zur Laufzeit Co-editor Journal of Network and Computer Appli- Reconfigurable Systems” (DFG) Christian Reimann copes with design and execution cation (Elsevier) of mobile Augmented Reality applications. Statio- General Co-Chair IFIP BICC’2008 within IFIP World SPP Organic Computing, Project "A Modular nary applications usually have access to a high Computer Congress 2008, 7.-10. September, Mai- Approach for Evolving Societies of Learning Autono- amount of resources. This is not the case in the land mous Systems" (DFG) mobile case. Here, only limited computing power is available, user interaction is restricted and different B. Kleinjohann: eCUBES (EU Project): Research on micro-system from device to device, and the display size is very Vice Chair of IFIP Working Group 10.2 Embedded technologies to develop cost-efficient, miniaturized restricted as well. This indicates that performance Systems and autonomous systems for the field of ambient plays a dominant role for mobile applications. To Program Chair IFIP Working Conference on Distri- intelligence achieve high performance the resources at high buted and Parallel Embedded Systems (DIPES levels of abstraction have to be considered as well. 2008) AIS (edacentrum Cluster Research Project) "Autono- This is exactly the topic of Christian Reimann’s Ph. mous Integrated Systems": Methods, Tools and D. thesis. Starting from a central management of L. Kleinjohann: Architectures for the Design of Autonomous Integra- requirements he developed a performance-driven Publication Chair of IFIP Working Group 10.2 ted Systems design process. As target platform the runtime sys- Embedded Systems tem MAuRePeP is used, another component develo- Publication Chair IFIP Working Conference on Dis- SPRINT (EU Project): Open SoC Design Platform for ped within this thesis. A total number of 35 publica- tributed and Parallel Embedded Systems (DIPES Reuse and Integration of IPs tions on leading international conferences proof the 2008) high scientific interest in Christian Reimann’s re- SATURN (EU Project): SysML bAsed modeling, archi- sults. W. Müller: tecTUre exploRation, simulation and syNthesis for Member of the Organization and Programme Com- complex embedded systems mittee: DATE `07, DATE `08 and GI Workshop Fairs, Conferences, Seminars Methoden und Beschreibungssprachen zur Model- TIMMO (BMBF Project): Timing Model IFIP Conference in Biologically Inspired Collabora- lierung und Verifikation von Schaltungen und Sys- tive Computing, 7.-10. September, Milan temen 2007 and 2008 Member of Programme Committee of DVCON `07 Scientific Co-operations and DVCON `08 Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany: Additional Functions Design and synthesis of reconfigurable hardware F. J. Rammig: A. Rettberg: interfaces in embedded systems Member of the North-Rhine-Westphalia Academy Member of the IFIP Working Group 10.2 Embed- of Science ded Systems Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg and Member of acatech, German Academy of Technical Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Sciences S. Oberthür: Germany: Member of the awarding committee of the Alexan- ACM Sigbed Information Director/Web Chair Reconfigurable Computing Systems der von Humboldt Foundation University-sided chair of the C-LAB Center for Embedded Computer Systems, UC Irvine, Member of the board of directors of the Paderborn USA: International Graduate School on Dynamic Intelli- Current Research Projects Cooperation in the area of embedded systems gent Systems SFB 616, Tp. A2 – Behavior-Oriented Self-Optimiza- Member of the board of directors of the Paderborn tion (DFG) UFRGS Porto Alegre and UFSC Florianopolis, Brazil: Center for Parallel Computing Flexible Reconfigurable Embedded Systems Member of the board of directors of the s-lab SFB 614, Tp. B3 – Virtual Prototyping (DFG) (Software Quality Lab) German representative in IFIP TC 10 SFB 614, Tp. C2 – RTOS for Self-Optimizing Systems Guest Researchers Member of IFIP Working Group 10.2 und 10.5 (DFG) Prof. Carlos Pereira HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:32 Seite 112

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Workgroup System and Circuit Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert

OSA Topical Meeting Coherent Optical Technologies Design, Architecture and Simulation of Chip Multi- Publications and Applications (COTA), July 13-16, 2008, CWB4, Processors, IEEE Computer Society, November 8-12, Amin, S.; Tanoto, A.; Witkowski, U.; Rückert, U.; Boston, MA, USA. 2008, Lake Como, Italy. Abdel-Wahab, M.S.: Modified local navigation strategy for un-known environment exploration. In: Pro- Jungeblut, T., Grünewald, M., Porrmann, M., and Purnaprajna, M.; Porrmann, M.: Run-time Reconfigu- ceedings of the, 5th IEEE International conference Rückert, U.: Realtime multiprocessor for mobile ad rable Multiprocessors. In Proceedings of the 22nd on Informatics in control, Automation and Robotics hoc networks. In Advances in Radio Science, Vol. 6, International Parallel and Distributed Processing (ICINCO), Madeira, Portugal, 2008. pp. 239–243, 2008. Symposium (IPDPS 2008), PhD Forum, Miami, Flo- rida, USA, April, 2008. Amin, S.; Tanoto, A.; Witkowski, U.; Rückert, U.; Jungeblut, T.; Dreesen, R.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, Abdel-Wahab, M.S.: Environment Exploration Using U.; Hachmann, U.: Design Space Exploration for Purnaprajna, M.; Puttmann, C.; Porrmann, M.: Power Mini-Robot Khepera. In: IEEE Proceedings of the, 5th Resource Efficient VLIW-processors. In Design, Auto- Aware Reconfigurable Multiprocessor for Elliptic International Conference on Computational Intelli- mation and Test in Europe DATE, University Booth, Curve Cryptography. In Proceedings of DATE: Design, gence, Robotics and Autonomous System (CIRAS Munich, Germany, March 10-14, 2008. Automation and Test in Europe, Munich, Germany, 2008), (on CD), Linz, Austria, 2008. pp. 1462–1467, March 10-14, 2008. Münch, E.; Gambuzza, A.; Paiz, C.; Pohl, C.; Porr- Chinapirom, T.; Witkowski, U.; Rückert, U.: A Biologi- mann, M.: FPGA-in-the-Loop Simulations with Puttmann, C., Shokrollahi, J., Porrmann, M., and cally-Inspired and Resource-Efficient Vision System CAMEL-View. In Self-optimizing Mechatronic Sys- Rückert, U.: Hardware Accelerators for Elliptic Curve using Mobile Mini-Robots for Obstacle Avoidance. tems: Design the Future, 7th International Heinz Nix- Cryptography. In Advances in Radio Science, Vol. 6, In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference dorf Symposium, Paderborn, Germany, pp. 429– pp. 259–264, 2008. on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO 2008), 445, February 20-21, 2008. erscheint im Dezember 2008, Bangkok, Thailand, Puttmann, C.; Shokrollahi, J.; Porrmann, M.: 2008. Noé, R.; Hoffmann, S.; Pfau, T.; Adamczyk, O.; Resource Efficiency of Instruction Set Extensions for Herath, V.; Peveling, R.; Porrmann, M.: Realtime Elliptic Curve Cryptography. In Proceedings of the Ebied, H.M.; Witkowski, U.; Rückert, U.; Abdel- Digital Polarization and Carrier Recovery in a Polari- 5th International Conference on Information Techno- Wahab, M.S.: “Robot Localization Based on Visual zation-Multiplexed Optical QPSK Transmission. In logy: New Generations, ITNG 2008, Las Vegas, Landmarks”. The 5th IEEE International Conference Proc. IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings 2008, Nevada, USA, pp. 131-136, April 7-9, 2008. on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics pp. 99–100, July 21-23, 2008, Acapulco, Mexico, (ICINCO 2008), Proceeding of Robotics and Autono- (invited paper). Sales, J.; Wirz, R.; Marin, R.; Cervera, E.; Witkowski, mous , Vol. 2, pp. 49-53, Madeira, Portugal, 2008. U.: End-to-end Congestion Network Protocols for Paiz, C.; Pohl, C.; Porrmann, M.: Hardware-in-the- Robot Swarms. In: Proceedings of IARP/EURON Ebied, H.M.; Witkowski, U.; Rückert, U.; Abdel- Loop Simulations for FPGA-Based Digital Control Workshop on Robotics for Risky Interventions and Wahab, M.S.: Visual Landmarks Based on Self-loca- Design. In Juan Andrade-Cetto, Jean-Louis Ferrier, Environmental Surveillance, (on CD), Spain, 2008. lization of Mobile Robot Using an Alternative Geo- Jos´e Miguel Costa dias Pereira, Joaquim Filipe (Edi- metric Triangulation Algorithm. The 5th IEEE Interna- tors) Informatics in Control, Automation and Robo- Wilhelm, P.; Monier, E.; Xu, F.; Witkowski, U.: Analy- tional Conference on Computational Intelligence, tics, Vol. 3, pp. 355-372, Springer-Verlag, 2008. sis of Indoor Team Sports Using Video Tracking and Robotics and Autonomous Systems (CIRAS 2008), Wireless Sensor Network. World Congress of Perfor- (on CD), Linz, Austria, 2008. Pfau, T.; El-Darawy, M.; Wördehoff, C.; Peveling, R.; mance Analysis of Sport VIII, pp. 165-169, Magde- Hoffmann, S.; Koch, B.; Adamczyk, O.; Porrmann, burg, September 2008. El-Darawy, M.; Pfau, T.; Wördehoff, C.; Koch, B.; M.; Noé, R.: 32-krad/s Polarization and 3-dB PDL Hoffmann, S.; Peveling, R.; Porrmann, M.; Noé, R.: Tracking in a Realtime Digital Coherent Polarization- Witkowski, U.; El-Habbal,M.; Herbrechtsmeier, S.; Realtime 40 krad/s Polarization Tracking with 6 dB Multiplexed QPSK Receiver. In Proceedings of the Tanoto, A.; Penders, J.; Alboul, L.; Gazi, V.: Ad-hoc PDL in Digital Synchronous Polarization-Multiplexed 2008 IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings, Aca- network communication infrastructure for multi- QPSK Receiver. In Proceedings of ECOC 2008, Brus- pulco, Mexico, pp. 105–106, July 21–23, 2008. robot systems in disaster scenarios. In: Proceedings sels, Belgium, September 21-25, 2008. of IARP/EURON Workshop on Robotics for Risky Pfau, T.; Hoffmann, S.; Adamczyk, O.; Peveling, R.; Interventions and Environmental Surveillance, (on El-Habbal, M.; Witkowski, U.; Rückert, U.: Mobile Herath, V.; Porrmann, M.; Noé, R.: Coherent optical CD), Spain, 2008. Ad-hoc Communication applied and optimized for communication: Towards realtime systems at 40 disaster scenarios. In: Proceedings of Wireless Tech- Gbit/s and beyond. In Optics Express, Vol. 16, Issue Witkowski, U.; Herbrechtsmeier, S.; El-Habbal, M.; nologies Kongress 2008, pp. 25-34, Bochum, 2008. 2, pp. 866-872, January, 2008. Rückert, U.: Powerful Miniature Robot For Research And Education. In: IEEE Proceedings of the, 5th Griese, B.; Brinkmann, A.; Porrmann, M.: SelfS – A Pfau, T.; Wördehoff, C.; Peveling, R.; Ibrahim, S. K.; International Conference on Computational Intelli- Real-Time Protocol for Virtual Ring Topologies. In Hoffmann, S.; Adamczyk, O.; Bhandare, S.; Porr- gence, Robotics and Autonomous System (CIRAS Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on mann, M.; Noé, R.; Koslovsky, A.; Achiam, Y.; Schlie- 2008), (on CD), Linz, Austria, 2008. Parallel and Distributed Real-Time Systems der, D.; Grossard, N.; Hauden, J.; Porte, H.: Ultra- (WPDRTS'08), (on CD), Miami, Florida, USA, April 14, Fast Adaptive Digital Polarization Control in a Real- Witkowski, U.; Herbrechtsmeier, S.; Tanoto, A. ; El- 2008. time Coherent Polarization-Multiplexed QPSK Recei- Habbal, M. ; Alboul, L.; Penders, J.: Self-Optimizing ver. In Proceedings of OFC/NFOEC 2008, pp. 1-3, Human-Robot Systems for Search and Rescue in Dis- Hagemeyer, J.; Köster, M.; Porrmann, M.: Hardware San Diego, California, USA, February 24-28, 2008. aster Scenarios. In: Proceedings of the 7th Interna- Virtualization Exploiting Dynamically Reconfigurable tional Heinz Nixdorf Symposium, pp. 315-329, Architectures. In: 1. GI/ITG KuVS Fachgespräch Vir- Pohl, C.; Paiz, C.; Porrmann, M.: A Hardware-in-the- 2008. tualisierung, Paderborn, Germany, pp. 19–28, Feb- Loop Design Environment for FPGAs. In Design, ruary 11–12, 2008. Automation and Test in Europe DATE, University Witkowski, U.; Wilhelm, P.; Parketny, T.: Einsatz von Booth, Munich, Germany, March 10-14, 2008. Low-Power Netzwerken zum Monitoring leistungsdi- Hoffmann, S.; Bhandare, S.; Pfau, T.; Adamczyk, O.; agnostischer Daten im Teamsport. In: Proceedings Wordehoff, C.; Peveling, R.; Porrmann, M.; Noe, R.: Pohl, C.; Paiz, C.; Porrmann, M.: vMAGIC – VHDL of Wireless Technologies Kongress 2008, pp. 261- Frequency and Phase Estimation for Coherent QPSK Manipulation and Automation for Reliable System 270, Bochum, 2008. Transmission With Unlocked DFB Lasers. In IEEE Development. In 3rd International Workshop on Photonics Technology Letters, Volume 20, Issue 18, Reconfigurable Computing Education, (on CD), April pp. 1569–1571, September 15, 2008. 10, 2008, Montpellier, France. PhD Theses Dr.-Ing. Feng Xu Hoffmann, S.; Pfau, T.; Adamczyk, O.; Wördehoff, C.; Purnaprajna, M.; Porrmann, M.: Run-time Reconfigu- Resource-Efficient Multi-Antenna Designs for Peveling, R.; Porrmann, M.; Noé, R.; Bhandare, S.: rable Cluster of Processors. In Proceedings of 41st Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Frequency Estimation and Compensation for Cohe- Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on In this work, a multi-antenna communication sys- rent QPSK Transmission with DFB Lasers. In Proc. Microarchitecture (MICRO-41 2008), Workshop on tem for mobile devices has been developed. On HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:32 Seite 113

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these devices a proper trade-off between perfor- Member of the Advisory Council of the PC² (Pader- MxMobile mance and resource requirement is desirable. The born Center for Parallel Computing) In cooperation with the working group “Program- communication system is based on a circular Member of the Advisory Council of the PaSCo ming Languages and Compilers”, Prof. Kastens, and antenna array configuration with six antenna ele- (Paderborn Institute for Scientific Computation) further partners from research institutes and from ments. A simplified switched beam (SSB) approach Chairman of the Special Interest Group “Mikro- industry, a resource-efficient VLIW processor for realizes the antenna access resulting in three elektronik neuronaler Netze“ of the ITG (Informa- multiband multistandard mobile communication is beams. For evaluation of SSB on the physical layer, tion Technology Society) developed. The project is funded by the Federal a RAPTOR2000 based test-bed has been implemen- Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Information Techno- Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). ted on the 2.4 GHz frequency band. In experiments logy, QUT, Brisbane, Australia it has been verified that SSB is able to suppress NGN-PlaNetS fading and interference, increase the received signal In the context of the BMBF project “PlaNets – Plat- power, and achieve the better performance than the Spin-offs forms for Networked Services”, new concepts for single antenna receivers. EvoPACE GmbH parallel packet processors are developed and analy- EvoPACE supports its customers in the development zed in cooperation with the working group “Pro- Dr.-Ing. Björn Griese of resource-efficient hardware-software systems. As gramming Languages and Compilers”, Prof. Kas- Adaptive Real-time Communication Networks a partner in all phases of the design process, Evo- tens, Infineon Technologies, and additional indus- This work analyzes the adaption of a real-time com- PACE offers know-how and expertise concerning trial partners. munication network on the level of network compo- design and redesign of applications as well as deve- nents and on the protocol level. The adaptive net- lopment of compilers, processors and application- RTOS for Self-Optimising Systems work component is based on a reconfigurable Ether- specific hardware and software. In cooperation with the working group “Design of net switch that adapts its resource utilization to the Parallel Systems” of Prof. Rammig, we develop a communication load and to the real-time require- real-time communication and operating system for ments. By using a prototypical implementation of Current Research Projects distributed self-optimizing systems. This project is the reconfigurable switch, the data rates, the Dynamically Reconfigurable Hardware for real-time part of the Collaborative Research Centre 614 of the latency, and the jitter were evaluated for the diffe- applications DFG. rent switch variants. On the protocol level, a self- Funded by the DFG as transfer project T5 in the fra- optimizing protocol was developed that requires mework of the Collaborative Research Centre 614, synQPSK neither previous planning of the communication nor the methods for dynamic reconfiguration that have In cooperation with the working group “Optical clock synchronization to guarantee hard real-time been developed in the research group System and Communication and High-Frequency Engineering” of requirements. Further analyzes have been perfor- Circuit Technology are utilized for the industrial Professor Noé, University of Paderborn, this project med utilizing a computer based network simulation development of mechatronic systems in coopera- targets the development of key components for and a prototypical evaluation of the protocol. tion with the Paderborn company dSPACE. “Synchronous Optical Quadrature Phase Shift Key- ing Transmission”. Dr.-Ing. Boris Kettelhoit EASY-C Architecture and Design of Dynamically Reconfigu- Key technologies for the next generation of mobile rable FPGA Systems communication are developed in the BMBF Project Current Industry Co-operations EASY-C (Enablers for Ambient Services and Systems, Infineon Technologies AG, Munich Dr.-Ing. Jörg-Christian Niemann Part C) in cooperation with partners from research Evaluation and Implementation of new standards Resource-efficient circuitry of embedded chip-mul- institutes and from industry. for mobile communication on embedded processor tiprocessors – GigaNetIC platforms. In this work, the new scalable GigaNetIC chip-multi- GUARDIANS processor architecture and a holistic tool chain were Aim of this project is the development of an autono- Comneon GmbH, Nuremberg designed and implemented. Due to its flexible and mous mobile robot team to support fire fighters in Development of system-on-chip architectures for parameterizable hardware structure it is adaptable fire-fighting in large industrial warehouses. The baseband processing in future mobile communica- to various requirements of different application sce- robot team supports fire fighters in exploration of tion systems. narios, thus resulting in a most resource-efficient the building and provides communication and posi- solution. Especially designed for this architecture, tioning facilities. Besides the research group System the new hierarchical GigaNoC on-chip network forms and Circuit Technology eight European partners are Scientific Co-operations the backbone of this chip-multiprocessor system. involved. Resource-Efficient Function Approximator for Auto- Essential measures and formalisms for a cost- nomous Systems function-based analysis and rating of chip-multipro- Hardware Reconfiguration Based on analog circuit technology, a microelectro- cessors and their components have been introdu- In this project we analyse and implement principles nic module is being developed for the resource-effi- ced, and are applied exemplarily. Variants of the of hardware reconfiguration of microelectronic com- cient implementation of a function approximator for GigaNetIC architecture are demonstrated as FPGA- ponents in self-optimising mechatronic systems. autonomous systems. This is done in cooperation prototypes and realized using two current CMOS The project is part of the Collaborative Research with Professor Sitte, Queensland University of Tech- standard cell technologies. Centre 614 of the DFG. nology, Australia.

Information Technology for Match Analysis and Trai- Patents, Prizes, Awards ning Control in Sports DRESD – Dynamic Reconfigurability in Embedded Innovation Award from North Rhine-Westphalia In cooperation with the research groups Sports Systems Design The Innovation Award from North Rhine-Westphalia Medicine (Prof. Weiß) and Applied Mathematics In cooperation with the Politecnico di Milano, Italy, in the category Innovation was awarded to Prof. Dr.- (Prof. Dellnitz) of the University of Paderborn, a new methodologies for the efficient utilization of Ing. Reinhold Noé (Optical Communication and novel method for match analysis is developed. The dynamically reconfigurable hardware in embedded High-Frequency Engineering) and Prof. Dr.-Ing. method is based on the simultaneous acquisition of systems are being developed. Ulrich Rückert (System and Circuit Technology). physiological data of the players and data from a tracking system. Autonomous Minirobots in research and education In cooperation with the Ain Shams University in Additional Functions Cairo, Egypt, we are developing a platform for multi- Director of the HNI Graduate College “Automatic OMEGA – Home Gigabit Access robot experiments that can be used worldwide via Configuration in Open Systems” Together with partners from industry and academia the Internet. Member of the “International Graduate School of the System and Circuit technology group investiga- Dynamic Intelligent Systems” Committee tes the media convergence of ultra broadband home Dynamically Reconfigurable Hardware in Autono- Member of the Advisory Council of the C-LAB area networks with guarantied quality of service. mous Systems Member of the Advisory Council of the L-LAB The project is funded be the EU in the seventh fra- In cooperation with Professor Wayne Luk from the mework programme. Imperial College, London we analyse the application HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:39 Seite 114

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of dynamically reconfigurable hardware in the area of mobile autonomous systems.

Ultra Low Power Circuit Technology In cooperation with Professor Snorre Aunet from the University of Oslo, Norway we develop nano-scale ultra low power circuits in CMOS technology.

Control Engineering and Mechatronics Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Ansgar Trächtler

mization of Mechatronic Systems. International Con- Publications ference on Control, Automation and Systems 2008 PhD Thesis Bruns, T.; Trächtler, A.: Autonomes Kreuzungsmana- (ICCAS), Coex, Seoul, Korea, October 14-17, 2008 Dr.-Ing. Oliver Oberschelp gement für Kraftfahrzeuge - Trajektorienplanung mit- Strukturierter Entwurf selbstoptimierender mecha- tels Dynamischer Programmierung. 4. VDI/VDE- Münch, E.; Gambuzza, A.; Paiz, C.; Pohl, C.; Porr- tronischer Systeme (Structured Design of Self-opti- Fachtagung zur Steuerung und Regelung von Fahr- mann, M.: FPGA-in-the-Loop Simulations with mising Mechatronic Systems) zeugen und Motoren (AUTOREG 2008), Baden- CAMEL-View. 7th International Heinz Nixdorf Sym- Never have the demands on industrial products Baden, February 12-13, 2008 psium: Self-optimizing Mechatronic Systems – been as high as today. This holds especially for Designing the Future, Paderborn, February 20-21, mechanical-engineering systems. Global markets Burmester, S.; Giese, H.; Münch, E.; Oberschelp, O.; call for ever more efficient products at ever shorter Klein, F.; Scheideler, P.: Tool Support for the Design Nachtigal, V.; Jäker, K.-P.; Trächtler, A.: Development intervals; at the same time market pressure will not of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Multi-Agent Sys- and Control of a Quarter-Vehicle Testbed for a Fully permit any cost increase. Each new generation sees tems. International Journal on Software Tools for Active X-by-Wire Demonstrator. 9th International products become ever more complex – an example Technology Transfer (STTT), May 2008, pp. 207-222 Symposium on Advanced Vehicle Control (AVEC of this trend is the automotive industry. Against this 2008), Kobe, Japan, October 6-9, 2008 backdrop it is important to develop products that Geisler, J.; Witting, K.; Trächtler, A.; Dellnitz, M.: Mul- are able not only to maintain their functional quali- tiobjective Optimization of Control Trajectories for Oberthür, S.; Znamenshchykov, A.; Klöpper, B.; ties but also to improve them on their own. Sys- the Guidance of a Rail-bound Vehicle. 17th World Vöcking, Henner: Improved Flexible Resource tems boasting this feature are self-optimising sys- Congress: The International Federation of Automatic Management by Means of Look-Ahead Scheduling tems. Dr. Oberschelp’s thesis expounds the basic Control (IFAC), Seoul, Korea, July 6-11, 2008 and Bayesian Forecasting. 7th International Heinz principles of the development of self-optimising Nixdorf Symposium: Self-optimizing Mechatronic systems, with special regard to the domains of Geisler, J.; Witting, K.; Trächtler, A.; Dellnitz, M.: Systems - Designing the Future, Paderborn, February structured design, optimisation methods, reconfigu- Self-Optimization of the Guidance Module of a Rail- 20-21, 2008, pp. 361-376 ration, numerics, and information processing. A bound Vehicle. 7th International Heinz Nixdorf Sym- number of applications, among them the RailCab posium: Self-optimizing Mechatronic Systems - Schäfer, E.; Jäker, K.-P.; Trächtler, A.: Modellbildung, project (Neue Bahntechnik Padborn), prove the Designing the Future, Paderborn, February 20-21, Analyse und Regelung eines aktiv gefederten Fahr- huge potential inherent in self-optimisation. 2008 zeugs. 4. VDI/VDE-Fachtagung zur Steuerung und Regelung von Fahrzeugen und Motoren (AUTOREG Dr.-Ing. Joachim Schmitz Illg, I.; Tewes, M.; Jäker, K.-P.; Trächtler, A.: Mecha- 2008), Baden-Baden, February 12-13, 2008, p. 409 Ein strukturierter Entwurfsprozess für mechatroni- tronic Design and Implementation of an Active Sus- sche Systeme und dessen Abbildung durch Work- pension for an All-Terrain Tracked Vehicle. 9th Inter- Sondermann-Wölke, C.; Müller, T.; Geisler, J.; Trächt- flows im Rechner (A Structured Design Process for national Symposium on Advanced Vehicle Control ler, A.; Böcker, J.: The Active Guidance Module of a Mechatronic Systems and its Representation by (AVEC 2008), Kobe, Japan, October 6-9, 2008 Rail-Bound Vehicle as an Application of Dependabi- Workflows in the Computer) lity-Oriented Design in Self-Optimizing Systems. Mechatronic systems are based on the synergetical Just, V.; Landwehr, M.; Trächtler, A.; Jäker, K.-P.: ASME 2008 - International Design Engineering Tech- interaction of several technologies from various Model-based Controller Design for the Paper-Sepa- nical Conferences & Computers and Information in fields of engineering. Close interaction between the ration Process in Automatic Teller Machines. 9th Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE), Brooklyn, NY, different domains brings about a high degree of sys- International Conference on Motion and Vibration USA, August 3-6, 2008 tem complexity and has to be reckoned with already Control (Movic 2008), München, September 15-18, in an early phase in the design process for an opti- 2008 Vöcking, H.; Trächtler, A.: Self-optimization of an mised overall solution. The system models used in Active Suspension System Regarding Energy Requi- the process depict the system behaviour quite well Klöpper, B.; Romaus, C.; Schmidt, A.; Vöcking, H.; rements. International Conference of Control, Auto- yet include no information whatsoever about the Donoth, J.: Defining Plan Metrics for Multi-Agent mation and Systems 2008 (ICCAS), Coex, Seoul, way the system was generated and which design- Planning within Mechatronic Systems. ASME 2008 - Korea, October 14-17, 2008 and computing procedures were employed. Though International Design Engineering Technical Confe- being knowledgeable about the respective design rences & Computers and Information in Engineering Wielenberg, A.; Harchenko, J.; Jäker, K.-P.; Trächtler, methodology employed is a key competence with Conference (IDETC/CIE), Brooklyn, NY, USA, August A.: Modellbasierte Entwicklung eines volltragenden, any business company, there is still a lack of a suit- 3-6, 2008 vollaktiven Federungssystems für ein geländegängi- able formal description form that can be used both ges Nutzfahrzeug. 4. VDI/VDE-Fachtagung zur Steue- for documentation and knowledge-transfer purpo- Klöpper, B.; Romaus, C.; Schmidt, A.; Vöcking, H.: A rung und Regelung von Fahrzeugen und Motoren ses. In his thesis Dr. Schmitz presents a workflow Multi-Agent Planning Problem for the Coordination (AUTOREG 2008), Baden-Baden, February 12-13, description language that serves for depicting the of Function Modules. 7th International Heinz Nixdorf 2008 steps taken in system design by means of executa- Symposium: Self-optimizing Mechatronic System- ble workflow models. While the system models save Designing the Future, Paderborn, February 20-21, Zeineldin, T.: Modeling the Process of Drying Statio- a compressed version of the knowledge about the 2008, pp. 377-393. nary Objects inside a Tumble Dryer Using COMSOL system properties, workflows store knowledge Multiphysics. Project report, RtM, Universität Pader- about the methodology employed, e.g., for control- Münch, E.; Adelt, P.; Krüger, M.; Kleinjohann, B.; born, 2008 ler design. Trächtler, A.: Hybrid Planning and Hierarchical Opti- HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:32 Seite 115

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Chamäleon: Fairs, Conferences, Seminars Current Research Projects Mechatronic Design and realisation of an electrical, 7. Internationales Heinz Nixdorf Symposium Selbst- CRC 614 Self-optimising concepts and structures in fully active X-by-wire test vehicle, „Chamäleon“, optimierende mechatronische Systeme: Die Zukunft mechanical engineering: which serves as a demonstrator of the interlinking gestalten Participation in the subprojects C3 Agent-based of vehicle-dynamics control systems and for tests of HNI-Symposium 2008, February 20-21, 2008, Heinz controllers, D1 Self-optimising functional modules, new design methods and tools. Nixdorf MuseumsForum, Paderborn and D2 Shuttle and convoy. The goal is to develop Supporting institution: internal project and establish self-optimising mechatronic systems IdeenPark 2008 in hardware and software as well as to test the Platform model for distributed mechatronic design: May 17-25, 2008, Neue Messe Stuttgart knowledge, methods, and procedures acquired in The platform model enables separate treatment of the context of the CRC 614 using complex examples. controller design and adaption of the controller to a 7. Paderborner Workshop Augmented & Virtual Rea- Sponsoring institution: DFG particular hardware. It is also the basis for analysing lity in der Produktentstehung the interactions between controller and hardware June 5-6, 2008, Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum, Active suspension for a heavy-weight all-terrain and for dimensioning the system. Paderborn vehicle: Supporting institution: internal project Development and design of an active suspension system for an all-terrain wheeled vehicle, model- Parallel robot TriPlanar: Additional Functions based optimisation of chassis setting and actuator Further advancement of the robot to a flexible wor- Dean of studies system, consisting of reversible vane pumps and king platform for 6-DOF positioning-, measuring, Project manager RailCab synchronous HP cylinders; design and optimisation and manufacturing tasks. The system is also used Chairman of the L-LAB of the vehicle control using the model, tests of for research on a model-based calibration by means Board member of the Graduate School on Dyna- actuator and controller systems on the test bench, of self-optimisation. The goal is an identification of mic Intelligent Systems implementation in a test vehicle and road tests. geometrical deviations that may occur during manu- Board member of IFAC TC 7.1 Automotive Control Sponsoring institution: German Federal Armed For- facturing or mounting. Knowledge of these deviati- Deputy chairman of the VDI/VDE GMA Technical ces ons enables an efficient, realistic mathematical des- Committee 7.62 (Feedforward and feedback con- cription of the TriPlanar kinematics and thus an trol of motorcars and combustion engines) Active and semi-active suspension of a light-weight increase in positioning accuracy. Collaboration in the VDI/VDE GMA Technical Com- tracked vehicle: Supporting institution: internal project mittees Purposes of the project are the modelling, controller 7.61 (Automation of railway systems) and 4.15 synthesis, simulation, construction, and implemen- (Mechatronics) tation of an active suspension with off-road ability. Current Industry Co-operations Project partner: German Federal Armed Forces Energy management for motorcars: Object of research are the simulation of energy Spin-Offs Neue Bahntechnik Paderborn/RailCab: flows in the car and an optimisation of the energy MLaP Joint project for the development of an innovative management. The project is aimed at determining Mechatronik Laboratorium Paderborn, founded in railway system combining modern chassis techno- the potential for saving primary energy resp. redu- 2006, offers services in the fields “Design of mecha- logy with the advantages of the Transrapid and the cing emission of carbon dioxide in cars. tronic systems” and “Control engineering”. Special use of existing rail tracks. Sponsoring institution: Volkswagen AG applications are the development of electro-hydrau- Supporting institution: University of Paderborn lic actuators for active chassis systems and Modelling of paper transport: controller design for the actuator systems and the Ride-Comfort Modelling for HiL Simulations of Auto- The aim is an insight into the physical processes in overall vehicle behaviour. Moreover, the service motive ECUs: the transport and separation of banknotes by comprises feasibility studies and concept compari- Automated generation of equations of motion for means of a specialised test bench and their model- sons, client-specific tests in hardware-in-the-loop real-time applications to manage high-frequency ling as multi-body systems (MBS). environments as well as the design and tests of pro- behaviour of passenger cars for hardware-in-the- Sponsoring institution: Wincor Nixdorf AG totypes and testbeds. The corporate name MLaP loop simulations. The goal is a simplification of the pays homage to Prof. Joachim Lückel who originated ECU application by an extension of the modelling Modelling of a drying process: mechatronics in Paderborn. depth in an early phase of the ECU development. The project is about research and simulation of the www.mlap.de Supporting institution: International Graduate drying process in a tumble dryer, with special regard School to modelling the motion behaviour of the laundry in combination with the thermodynamic processes and the system “tumble dryer”. Sponsoring institution: Miele & Cie. KG HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:32 Seite 116

112 Workgroups

Workgroup Parallel Computing Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien

(SIROCCO 2008), 234-246, 2008 (invited to a spe- Proc. Of the 22nd International Parallel and Distri- Publications cial issue of Theoretical Computer Science) buted Processing Symposium (IPDPS’08). IEEE Com- To Appear puter Society, 2008. Best Algorithms Paper Award. Robert Elsässer, Thomas Sauerwald Benjamin Doerr, Tobias Friedrich, Thomas Sauer- Cover Time and Broadcast Time wald Burkhard Monien, Ulf-Peter Schroeder Proc. of the 26th International Symposium on Theo- Quasirandom Rumor Spreading Conference Proceedings of the 1st International retical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS'09) Proc. of the 19th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Symposium on Algorithmic Game Theory (SAGT Discrete Algorithms (SODA 2008), 773-781, 2008 2008). LNCS 4997, 2008 Benjamin Doerr, Marvin Künnemann, Tobias Fried- rich, Thomas Sauerwald Robert Elsässer, Leszek Gasieniec, Thomas Sauer- Quasirandom Rumor Spreading: An Experimental wald Fairs, Conferences, Seminars Analysis On Radio Broadcasting in Random Geometric AEOLUS Spring School Workshop on Algorithm Engineering & Experiments Graphs on Algorithmic Principles of Selfishness and Mecha- (ALENEX’09) Proc. of the 22nd International Symposium on Dis- nism Design tributed Computing (DISC'08), 28.-29.04.2008, Paderborn Robert Elsässer, Thomas Sauerwald 212-226, 2008 On the Runtime and Robustness of Randomized 1st Symposium on Algorithmic Game Theory (SAGT) Broadcasting Petra Berenbrink, Robert Elsässer, Tom Friedetzky 30.04.-02.05.2008, Paderborn Theoretical Computer Science Efficient Randomised Broadcasting in Random Regular Networks with Applications in Peer-to-Peer Thomas Sauerwald Systems Additional Functions On Mixing and Edge Expansion Properties in Rando- Proc. of the 27th Annual ACM SIGACT-SIGOPS Sym- Member of the North-Rhine-Westphalia Academy mized Broadcasting posium on Principles of Distributed Computing of Science Algorithmica (special issue for invited ISAAC 2007 (PODC'08), 155-164, 2008 Member of the „acatech“ (Council for Technical papers) Sciences of the Union of German Academies of Robert Elsässer, Thomas Sauerwald Sciences and Humanities)” Dominic Dumrauf, Burkhard Monien The Power of Memory in Randomized Broadcasting Vice-President of the “European Association for On the Road to PLS-Completeness: 8 Agents in a Proc. of the 19th Annual ACM/SIAM Symposium on Theoretical Computer Science” Singleton Congestion Game Discrete Algorithms (SODA'08), Member of the Board of the PC2 Proc. of The 4th International Workshop On Internet 218-227, 2008 Member of the Board of the “Graduate School on And Network Economics (WINE’08) Dynamic Intelligent Systems” Yvonne Bleischwitz, Florian Schoppmann Member of the Board of “Paderborn Institute for Dominic Dumrauf, Burkhard Monien, Karsten Tie- Group-Strategyproof Cost Sharing for Metric Fault Scientific Computation” (PaSCo) mann Tolerant Facility Location Associated Member of the Board of the HNI MultiProcessor Scheduling is PLS-complete Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Hawaii Internatio- Algorithmic Game Theory (SAGT'08). Lecture Notes nal Conference on System Sciences (HICSS’09) in Computer Science, Volume 4997. Patents, Prizes, Awards Elected as Vice-President of the “European Associa- Henning Meyerhenke, Burkhard Monien, Thomas Yvonne Bleischwitz, Florian Schoppmann tion for Theoretical Computer Science” Sauerwald New Efficiency Results for Makespan Cost Sharing A New Diffusion-based Multilevel Algorithm for Com- Information Processing Letters. Volume 107, Issue puting Graph Partitions of Very High Quality 2, 64–70, 2008 Current Research Projects Proc. 22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distribu- DFG-Collaborative Research Centre “Self-Optimizing ted Processing Symposium (IPDPS'08) Martin Gairing, Thomas Lücking, Marios Mavronico- Systems of Mechanical Engineering” (SFB 614) las, Burkhard Monien, Manuel Rode Sub-Project A1: Model Orientated Self Optimization Yvonne Bleischwitz, Burkhard Monien Nash Equilibria in Discrete Routing Games with Con- Fair Cost-Sharing Methods for Scheduling Jobs on vex Latency Functions DFG-Central Program 1307 “Algorithm Engineering” Parallel Machines Journal of Computer and System Sciences 74, 1199- Sub-Project: “Disturbed Diffusion for Partitioning Proc. of the 6th International Conference on Algo- 1225, 2008 and Clustering Graphs” rithms and Complexity (CIAC’06) Research Area: graph partitioning, load balancing, To appear in Journal of Discrete Algorithms Marios Mavronicolas, Burkhard Monien, Vicky Papa- graph clustering dopolou Florian Schoppmann How Many Attachers Can Selfish Defenders Catch It? EU-Project „ AEOLUS – Algorithmic Principles for The Power of Small Coalitions in Cost Sharing CD-ROM Proc. of the 41st Hawaii International Con- Building Efficient Overlay Computers” Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on ference on System Sciences (HICSS’08), 470-480, (FP6-015964) Internet and Network Economics (WINE'08) 2008 Partner: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifi- Lecture Notes in Computer Science que CNRS (F), Universita di Roma "La Sapienza" (I), Martin Gairing, Burkhard Monien, Karsten Tiemann Computer Science Institute in Patras (GR), Telecom 2008 Selfish Routing with Incomplete Information Italia Learning Services S.p.A. (I), Universita degli Theory of Computing Systems, 42(1), 91-130, 2008 studi di Salerno (I), Max-Planck-Institut für Informa- Marios Mavronicolas, Thomas Sauerwald tik in Saarbrücken (D), University of Ioannina (GR), The Impact of Randomization in Smoothing Net- Marios Mavronicolas, Burkhard Monien, Vicky Papa- Universite de Geneve (CH), Christian-Albrechts-Uni- works dopolou, Florian Schoppmann versitaet zu Kiel (D), Universita degli studi di Roma Proc. of the 27th Annual ACM SIGACT-SIGOPS Sym- Voronoi Games on Cycle Graphs “Tor Vergata” (I), Universitat Polytecnica de Catalu- posium on Principles of Distributed Computing Proc. Of the 33rd International Symposium on nya in Barcelona (E), National and Kapodistrian Uni- (PODC 2008), 345-354, 2008 (invited to a special Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science versity of Athens (GR), Universita degli studi di issue of Distributed Computing) (MFCS’08), LNCS 5126, 503-514, 2008 Padova (I), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zuerich (CH), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (B), Thomas Sauerwald, Dirk Sudholt Henning Meyerhenke, Burkhard Monien, Thomas Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Self-Stabilizing Cuts in Synchronous Networks Sauerwald Automatique (F), University of Cyprus (CY), Univer- Proc. of the 15th International Colloquium on A new diffusion-based multilevel algorithm for com- zita Karlova v Praze (CZ), Cybernetica AS (Estonia). Structural Information and Communication Comple- puting graph partitions of very high quality xity HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:33 Seite 117

Additional Activities 113

The objectives of the Integrated Project AEOLUS mobile nodes so that they can transparently are: become part of larger Internet-based overlay com- 1. To identify and study the important fundamental puter. problems and investigate the corresponding algo- 4. To implement a set of functionalities, integrate rithmic principles related to overlay computers run- them under a common software platform (the Over- ning on global computers. lay Computer Platform) in order to provide the 2. To identify the important functionalities such an basic primitives of an overlay computer, as well as overlay computer should provide as tools to the build sample services on this overlay computer, programmer, and to develop, rigorously analyze thus providing a proof-of-concept for our theoreti- and experimentally validate algorithmic methods cal results. that can make these functionalities efficient, scalable, fault-tolerant, and transparent to heterogeneity. Current Industry Co-operations 3. To provide improved methods for communication “Use of Operations Research Procedures in Airline and computing among wireless and possibly Optimization” Employer: Lufthansa Systems GmbH Workgroup Applied Physics/Integrated Optics Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Sohler

Publications A. Martin, V. Cristofori , P. Aboussouan, D.B. Ostrow- (ECIO`08), Eindhoven, Netherlands, post-deadline sky, H. Herrmann, W. Sohler, O. Alibart, and S. Tan- paper (2008), paper FrPD1 zilli: "Integrated optical source of polarization entangled photons at 1310 nm", 1st Conference on S. Brustlein, L. Del Rio, A. Tonello, L. Delage, and F. Secure Communication based on Quantum Crypto- Reynaud, H. Herrmann and W. Sohler: "Laboratory graphy, Wien, October 2008 demonstration of an infrared-to-visible up-conversion interferometer for spatial coherence analysis", A. Thomas, H. Herrmann, V. Quiring, R. Ricken, and Physical Review Letters, vol. 100, 153903 (2008) W. Sohler: "Packaged integrated SPDC photon pair source with polarisation splitter", 1st Conference on W. Sohler, D. Büchter, H. Herrmann, H. Hu, V. Qui- Secure Communication based on Quantum Crypto- ring, S. Reza, R. Ricken, H. Suche, A. Thomas, and C. graphy, Wien, October 2008 Vannahme: "Integrated photonics in LiNbO3: recent developments", 1st Mediterranean Photonics Con- D. Büchter, H. Herrmann, C. Langrock, M. Fejer, and ference, Ischia, June 2008 (invited) W. Sohler: "Integrated optical PPLN transmitter and receiver modules for wavelength conversion of C- W. Sohler, H. Hu, R. Ricken, V. Quiring, C. Vannahme, band signals to / from the mid infrared", ECOC H. Herrmann, D. Büchter, S. Reza, W. Grundkötter, S. 2008, Brussels, September 2008, paper P2.24 Orlov, H. Suche, R. Nouroozi, and Y.H. Min: "Integra- ted Optical Devices in Lithium Niobate",Optics & E. Ip, D. Bûchter, C. Langrock, J. M. Kahn, H. Herr- Photonics News, Jan. 2008, p. 24-31 mann, W. Sohler, and M. Fejer: "QPSK transmission over free-space link at 3.8 ìm using coherent G. Berth, K.-P. Hüsch, V. Wiedemeier, V. Quiring, W. detection with wavelength conversion", ECOC 2008, Sohler, A. Zrenner: "Analysis and visualization of Brussels, September 2008, paper Tu.3.E.7 ferroelectric domain structures by nonlinear confocal microscopy", Nonlinear Microscopy and Optical M. García Granda, H. Hu, W. Sohler, and J. Rodríguez Control (NMOC 2008) Münster, Febr. 2008, p. 7 García: "Novel structures for broadband electrooptic modulators in LiNbO3", Proc. 14th European Confe- R. Geiss, R. Schiek, T. Pertsch, A. Chipouline, O. Ego- rence on Integrated Optics (ECIO`08), Eindhoven, rov, F. Lederer, W. Sohler, and A. Tünnermann: "Non- Netherlands, pp. 79-82 (2008), paper WeD4 linear Effects in PPLN Waveguide Resonators", 6th Intern. Conf. on Optics Design and Fabrication (ODF H. Hu, R. Ricken and W. Sohler: "Etching of Lithium 2008) Taipei/Taiwan, 9-11 June 2008 Niobate: from ridge waveguides to photonic crystal structures", Proc. 14th European Conference on G. Berth, V. Wiedemeier, K.-P. Hüsch, A. Zrenner, L. Integrated Optics (ECIO`08), Eindhoven, Nether- Gui, H. Hu, and W. Sohler: "Imaging of ferroelectric lands, pp. 75-78 (2008) micro-domains in X-cut lithium niobate by confocal second harmonic microscopy", 9th European Confe- L. Gui, H. Hu, M. Garcia-Granda, W. Sohler, G. Berth rence on Applications of Polar Dielectrics (ECAPD'9), and A. Zrenner: "Ferroelectric microdomains in Rom, 26-29 August 2008 plasma-etched ridges on X-cut Lithium Niobate", Proc. 14th European Conference on Integrated A. Martin, V. Cristofori, P. Aboussouan, D.B. Ostrow- Optics (ECIO`08), Eindhoven, Netherlands, pp. 71- sky, P. Baldi, M.P. De Micheli, A. Thomas, H. Herr- 74 (2008) mann, W. Sohler, O. Alibart, and S. Tanzilli: "Realiza- tion and characterization of an integrated optical A. Martin, V. Cristofori, P. Aboussouan, D.B. Ostrow- source of polarization entangled photons at telecom sky, A. Thomas, H. Herr¬mann, W. Sohler, O. Alibart, wavelength", European Optical Sociey (EOS) Annual and S. Tanzilli: "Integrated optical source of polari- Meeting 2008,Paris, 29 September -2 October 2008 zation entangled photons at 1310 nm", Proc. 14th European Conference on Integrated Optics HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:33 Seite 118

114 Workgroups

Workgroup Philosophy of Science and Technology Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus

Publications Additional Functions Peckhaus, V. mit P. Bernhard (editor): Methodisches Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences of the Denken im Kontext. Festschrift für Christian Thiel, University of Paderborn mit einem unveröffentlichten Brief Gottlob Freges, Member of the Senate of the University of Pader- mentis Verlag: Paderborn 2008, 471 S. (ISBN 978-3- born 89785-594-6). Member of the managing board of the Deutsche Vereinigung für Mathematische Logik und Grund- Peckhaus, V.: Stilarten mathematischen Schaffens. lagenforschung der exakten Wissenschaften Über völkische und nationalistische Kategorisierun- (DVMLG) gen abstrakten Denkens, in: Klaus Robering (Hg.), Member of the scientific board of the Gesellschaft 'Stil' in den Wissenschaften, Nodus Publikationen: für Wissenschaftsgeschichte Münster 2007, 39-49. Permanent member of the German National Com- mittee of the Division for Logic, Methodology and Peckhaus, V., mit P. Bernhard: Vorwort, in: P. Bern- Philosophy of Science in the German National hard/V. Peckhaus (eds.), Methodisches Denken im Committee of the Division of History of Science of Kontext. Festschrift für Christian Thiel. Mit einem the International Union of the History and Philoso- unveröffentlichten Brief Gottlob Freges, mentis Ver- phy of Science lag: Paderborn 2008, 9-12. Editor-in-Chief of the journal History and Philoso- phy of Logic Peckhaus, V.: Logik als Ethik des Denkens: Der (Co-) editor of the journal Mathematische Se- Tübinger Philosoph Christoph Sigwart (1830-1904) mesterberichte und die Logik des 19. Jahrhunderts, in: Peter Bern- Review editor for the history of logic of the journal hard/Volker Peckhaus (eds.), Methodisches Denken Bulletin of Symbolic Logic im Kontext. Festschrift für Christian Thiel. Mit einem Member of the editorial board of the journal The unveröffentlichten Brief Gottlob Freges, mentis Ver- Review of Modern Logic lag: Paderborn 2008, 101-113. Member of the editorial board of the journal Histo- ria Mathematica Peckhaus, V.: W. R. Hamilton (1805-1865), in: Member of the scientific committee of the journal Michel Weber/Will Desmond (eds.), Handbook of Philosophia Scientiae. Travaux d'histoire et de phi- Whiteheadian Process Thought, Ontos Verlag: Frank- losophie des sciences (Nancy) furt a.M. u.a. 2008, 332-338. Member of the editorial boards of the journal History of Analytic Philosophy Peckhaus, V.: Logic and Metaphysics: Heinrich Scholz and the Scientific World View, Philosophia Mathematica (3) 16 (2008), 78-90. Recent Research Projects Dynamic Ontology and Cooperative Semantics, sup- Peckhaus, V.: 6 articles in: Jürgen Mittelstraß (ed.): ported by the Heinz Nixdorf Institute (Peckhaus, Enzyklopädie Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheo- Hagengruber) rie, 2., neubearb. u. wesentl. erg. Aufl., Bd. 3: G– Inn, J.B. Metzler: Stuttgart/Weimar 2008 („Galois, The Berlin Group: Prehistory, History, Heritage, sup- Évariste“, „Graßmann, Robert“, „Gregory, Duncan ported by Thyssen Foundation (Peckhaus, Milkov) Farquharson“, „Grellingsche Antinomie“, „Geniden- tität“, „Hermes, Hans“). Scientific Biography of Ernst Zermelo (1871-1953), supported by DFG (Peckhaus) Peckhaus, V.: 5 reviews in: Mathematical Reviews 2007. Co-editor of the Oskar Becker edition project, supported by DFG (Peckhaus) Peckhaus, V.: 10 reviews in: Zentralblatt für Mathe- matik und ihre Grenzgebiete 2007. History of Women Philosophers and Scientists (Hagengruber, Rodrigues, Obraz) HNI_2008_U1_U6_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Titel.qxp 11.03.2009 12:38 Seite 114

Statistics of the Institute

Master Sc. Electrical Engineering

Dipl.-Ingenieur/in Elektrotechnik

Dipl.-Wirtschaftsingenieur/in Elektrotechnik HNI_2008_U1_U6_EN_2009_03_10_KS_Titel.qxp 11.03.2009 12:37 Seite 113

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE

Academic Staff: Dr. rer. nat. Matthias Fischer Christoph Wenzelmann

2008 Non-Academic Staff: Karsten Mette

Student Group: Simon Griwatz

Members of Curatorship

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE Prof. Dr.-Ing. Prof. E.h. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Dr. h.c. mult. Engelbert Westkämper, University of Stuttgart HNI_2008_94_120_EN_2009_03_09_KS_Anhang.qxp 11.03.2009 10:33 Seite 119

Location Map 115

Heinz HeinzNixdorf Nixdorf Institute: Institute: How to findHow usto find us

Travelling by car From the A33 take the exit Paderborn- Elsen. Turn onto Bundesstraße (main

road) B1 towards Bad Lippspringe/ EXIT PB-Schloß Detmold. After approx. 1,5 km leave Neuhaus Bundesstraße B1 at the exit Paderborn/ HEINZ NIXDORF Schloss Neuhaus. Continue straight INSTITUTE ahead at the traffic lights (Heinz-Nixdorf- Ring, Dubelohstraße) onto the Heinz- EXIT Nixdorf-Ring and turn left at the next set Paderborn- Elsen of lights (Heinz-Nixdorf-Ring, Fürstenal- lee) onto Fürstenallee. The Heinz Nixdorf Institute is approx. 300m along this street on the right-hand side. Cathedral

Airport Paderborn- Lippstadt Travelling by air Town Hall From Paderborn/Lippstadt airport take EXIT Main Station Paderborn bus No. 400/460 towards Paderborn Zentrum main station (Hauptbahnhof). From the main station take bus No. 11 towards Thuner Siedlung and get off at the MuseumsForum stop (total journey time approx. 50 minutes) EXIT Paderborn- Mönkeloh Travelling by train From Paderborn main station (Haupt- bahnhof ) take bus No. 11 towards Thuner Main Entrance Siedlung and get off at the MuseumsFo- rum stop (total journey time approx. 10 minutes)

University of Paderborn

Heinz Nixdorf Institute University of Paderborn Fuerstenallee 11 D-33102 Paderborn http://wwwhni.upb.de