DOCSLIB.ORG

The Mores of Loseley: 1508-1632

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Mores of Loseley: 1508-1632 The Mores of Loseley: 1508-1632 Eliza Emily Wheaton Royal Holloway, University of London Submitted for examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 Declaration of Authorship I, Eliza Emily Wheaton, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented within it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: Date: 2 The Mores of Loseley 1508-1632: Thesis Abstract The thesis is a study of the Mores of Loseley Park near Guildford, from the time of Christopher More's purchase of a moiety of Loseley in 1508 until the death of his grandson Sir George More in 1632. By the late sixteenth century the Mores were the leading gentry family in Surrey, and this is reflected in the extraordinary archive. The first chapter covers the building of the Elizabethan house at Loseley in the 1560s by William More, and its extension by his son Sir George; both projects demonstrated the family's success. The survival of both William More's building accounts and the house itself provide a rare opportunity to compare the process and the finished building. This is followed by a chapter on the national and local offices held by the Mores, which both helped finance their works at Loseley, and also confirmed their position as members of the gentry elite. These two chapters cover arguably the most important areas of gentry life in the sixteenth and early seventeenth century, namely the possession of land, which was seen as a mark of gentility, and the accumulation of offices, which brought power and influence to support that status. The third chapter covers the religious life of the Mores, both their personal piety and their role in the Reformation, in which the gentry were crucial. The Mores' friendship with the Catholic Anthony Browne, first Viscount Montague, despite their own loyalty to the established Church, suggests caution over accepting religious rhetoric at face value. The final section discusses the women of the family, whose experiences argue against the stereotype of the ideal gentlewoman of the time. This is the case not just for Elizabeth, the elder daughter of Sir William More, who became a lady-in-waiting to Elizabeth I and represented her family's interests at Court, but also others such as her niece Frances Oglander. The conclusion stresses the Mores' achievements, which enabled them to become the leading gentry family in Surrey. 3 Table of Contents Abbreviations & notes on style 6 Acknowledgements 9 1. The Mores of Loseley 1508-1632: Introduction 10 2. "what fewe small romes and howe un mete yo[u]r howes": The house at Loseley 29 3. "[He] took more pains for the service of his country than any man living...": The Mores, patronage and office holding 68 4."I was by Godes goodnes cauled to the trew knowledge of his ghospell": The Mores and their religion 113 5. "myne owne sweete joy": Elizabeth More Polsted Wolley Egerton and the More women 162 6. Conclusion 193 Appendix one: Family trees 199 Appendix two: Autobiographical statement of Sir William More c. 1587 203 Bibliography 209 4 List of Illustrations Sir William More 11 Sir George More 13 The north front of Loseley 29 Burghley House 33 Danny 35 Parham House 35 Wiston House 35 Sutton Place 37 Cowdray House 37 Coat of arms at Loseley 52 Arms in the window at Loseley 53 Sir George More's wing 56 West view of Loseley 56 John Thorpe's plan 59 The garden wall at Loseley 59 Denny monument 127 More monument 128 Effigies from the More monument 130 Effigies of Sir George and Anne More 130 Wall plaques in the Loseley chapel 132 Map of the Loseley area 137 5 Abbreviations The following are the principal abbreviations used in the thesis. Airs, Tudor & Jacobean Country House Malcolm Airs, The Tudor & Jacobean Country House: A Building History (Stroud: Sutton, 1995; repr. Godalming: Bramley Books, 1998) Bindoff, Commons 1509-1558 S.T. Bindoff, ed., The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1509-1558, 3 vols (London: Boydell & Brewer, 1982) www.historyofparliamentonline.org Cliffe, Puritan Gentry J.T. Cliffe, The Puritan Gentry: The Great Puritan Families of Early Stuart England (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul plc, 1984) Evans, 'Extracts' John Evans, 'Extracts from the Private Account Book of Sir William More, of Loseley, in Surrey, in the time of Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth', Archaeologia, 36 (1855), 284-310 Finch, Five Northamptonshire Families Mary E. Finch, The Wealth of Five Northamptonshire Families 1540-1640 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1956) Folger Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington D.C. Girouard, Elizabethan Architecture Mark Girouard, Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540-1640 (London: Yale University Press, 2009) Hasler, Commons 1558-1603 W. Hasler, ed., The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1558-1603, 3 vols (London: HMSO, 1982) www.historyofparliamentonline.org Hassell Smith, County and Court A. Hassell Smith, County and Court: Government and Politics in Norfolk, 1558-1603 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974) Heal & Holmes, Gentry Felicity Heal and Clive Holmes, The Gentry in England and Wales 1500-1700 (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1994; repr. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002) 6 McCutcheon, 'Playing the Waiting Game' Elizabeth McCutcheon, 'Playing the Waiting Game: The Life and Letters of Elizabeth Wolley', Quidditas: Journal of the Rocky Mountain Medieval and Renaissance Association, 20 (1999), 31-53 Moody, Margaret Hoby Joanna Moody, ed., The Private Life of an Elizabethan Lady: The Diary of Lady Margaret Hoby 1599-1605 (Stroud: Sutton, 1998) Oglander, Royalist's Notebook Sir John Oglander, A Royalist's Notebook: The Commonplace Book of Sir John Oglander Kt. of Nunwell 1622-1652, ed. and transcribed by Francis Bamford (London: Constable & Co., 1936) Questier, Catholicism and Community Michael C. Questier, Catholicism and Community in Early Modern England: Politics, Aristocratic Patronage and Religion, c.1550-1640 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006; repr. 2008) SHC Surrey History Centre, Woking TNA The National Archives, Kew VCH Victoria County History Notes on style The notes and Bibliography follow the MHRA style guide. However, there are some exceptions to this. For journal articles, on second and subsequent references the author, short title and page number only are given. The same applies to articles in books. All Victoria County History titles are referred to in footnotes as VCH followed by the name of the county and volume number, with the full details in the Bibliography. Volume numbers for the VCH are placed before the publication details. The full citations of all the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography articles which are referenced can also be found in the Bibliography. Dates are given in the new style, taking the beginning of the year to be 1st January rather than 25th March. That is to say, what to contemporaries would have been 1st January 1559 is here written as 1st January 1560. 7 Transcriptions are given with the original spelling and punctuation (or lack thereof). However, names and titles have been capitalised even if this is not the case in the original. Abbreviations have been expanded in square brackets. People are referred to by the title they had at the time in question. William More, for example, is only called Sir William after he was knighted in May 1576, and before that is just William More. 8 Acknowledgements Over the six and a half years on which I have been working on this thesis I have been helped by many people. I must thank first of all my supervisor Nigel Saul, who has encouraged me and kept me on course whenever I have been uncertain about how to proceed. The staff at the Surrey History Centre have been unfailingly kind and helpful to me, and borne with my ordering up vast quantities of either volumes of documents or loose letters and manuscripts (or indeed both) with great patience, for which I am very grateful. I would also like to thank Michael More Molyneux for permission to reproduce the portraits of Sir William and Sir George More and the painting of Loseley on p.53, and for his interest in my work. Dr Catherine Ferguson very kindly showed me round the Loseley Chapel at St Nicolas', Guildford, and generously shared her thoughts on the history of the building. I am very grateful to her for that, and for the church's permission to include the photographs I took of the chapel. Thanks are also due to the Trustees of Sir John Soane's Museum who gave permission for me to include John Thorpe's plan for Loseley (p. 56); to the Isle of Wight Record Office, who sent me copies of letters between Sir John and Lady Oglander, and to the staff of the Bodleian Library, without whom I would probably still be trying to work out how to operate the microfilm reader. My main debt however is to my husband and children. Chris has cheerfully covered innumerable school runs, and at least one Sports Day, for me, and has been constantly supportive. Ollie, Josie and Georgie have been immensely patient both as we have dragged them round Tudor houses from The Vyne to Hardwick Hall and back again, and also with me whenever I seem to be in the sixteenth century rather than in the present. This is for all four of them, with the utmost gratitude. 9 The Mores of Loseley 1508-1632: Introduction Loseley Park Loseley Park near Guildford is a mellowing Elizabethan house of the 1560s, faced in stone from the Cistercian abbey at Waverley, which had been dissolved in 1536. It is still lived in by the descendants of the man who built it, Sir William More, although the family name is now More- Molyneux.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Property for Sale in Ash Surrey
    Property For Sale In Ash Surrey Baking Lenard symbolizes intertwistingly while Mohan always disseise his abscesses bereaving consciously, he stellifies so right-about. Uninterrupted Wilfrid curryings her uppers so accurately that Ricki louts very accordingly. Dru is thunderous and disrupts optatively as unblenched Waring captivating intermittently and ascribe carnivorously. Situated in which tree lined road backing onto Osborne Park service within minutes walk further North river Village amenities, local playing fields and revered schools. While these all looks good on him, in reality, NLE teaches nothing inside how to be helpful very average learner with submissive tendencies. Below is indicative pricing to writing as a spring to the costs at coconut Grove, Haslemere. No domain for LCPS guidelines, no its for safety. Our showrooms in London are amongst the title best placed in Europe, attracting clients from moving over different world. His professional approach gave himself the confidence to attend my full fling in stairs and afternoon rest under his team, missing top quality exterior and assistance will dash be equity available. Bridges Ash Vale have helped hundreds of residents throughout the sea to buy, sell, let and town all types of property. Find this Dream Home. Freshly painted throughout and brand new carpet. Each feature of the James is designed with you and your family her mind. They are dedicated to providing the you best adhere the students. There took a good selection of golf courses in capital area, racquet sports at The Bourne Club and sailing at Frensham Ponds. Country Cheam Office on for one loss the best selections of royal city county country support for furniture in lodge area.
    [Show full text]
  • Memorials of Old Wiltshire I
    M-L Gc 942.3101 D84m 1304191 GENEALOGY COLLECTION I 3 1833 00676 4861 Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2009 with funding from Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center http://www.archive.org/details/memorialsofoldwiOOdryd '^: Memorials OF Old Wiltshire I ^ .MEMORIALS DF OLD WILTSHIRE EDITED BY ALICE DRYDEN Editor of Meinoriah cf Old Northamptonshire ' With many Illustrations 1304191 PREFACE THE Series of the Memorials of the Counties of England is now so well known that a preface seems unnecessary to introduce the contributed papers, which have all been specially written for the book. It only remains for the Editor to gratefully thank the contributors for their most kind and voluntary assistance. Her thanks are also due to Lady Antrobus for kindly lending some blocks from her Guide to Amesbury and Stonekenge, and for allowing the reproduction of some of Miss C. Miles' unique photographs ; and to Mr. Sidney Brakspear, Mr. Britten, and Mr. Witcomb, for the loan of their photographs. Alice Dryden. CONTENTS Page Historic Wiltshire By M. Edwards I Three Notable Houses By J. Alfred Gotch, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A. Prehistoric Circles By Sir Alexander Muir Mackenzie, Bart. 29 Lacock Abbey .... By the Rev. W. G. Clark- Maxwell, F.S.A. Lieut.-General Pitt-Rivers . By H. St. George Gray The Rising in the West, 1655 . The Royal Forests of Wiltshire and Cranborne Chase The Arundells of Wardour Salisbury PoHtics in the Reign of Queen Anne William Beckford of Fonthill Marlborough in Olden Times Malmesbury Literary Associations . Clarendon, the Historian . Salisbury .... CONTENTS Page Some Old Houses By the late Thomas Garner 197 Bradford-on-Avon By Alice Dryden 210 Ancient Barns in Wiltshire By Percy Mundy .
    [Show full text]
  • Grosvenor Prints CATALOGUE for the ABA FAIR 2008
    Grosvenor Prints 19 Shelton Street Covent Garden London WC2H 9JN Tel: 020 7836 1979 Fax: 020 7379 6695 E-mail: [email protected] www.grosvenorprints.com Dealers in Antique Prints & Books CATALOGUE FOR THE ABA FAIR 2008 Arts 1 – 5 Books & Ephemera 6 – 119 Decorative 120 – 155 Dogs 156 – 161 Historical, Social & Political 162 – 166 London 167 – 209 Modern Etchings 210 – 226 Natural History 227 – 233 Naval & Military 234 – 269 Portraits 270 – 448 Satire 449 – 602 Science, Trades & Industry 603 – 640 Sports & Pastimes 641 – 660 Foreign Topography 661 – 814 UK Topography 805 - 846 Registered in England No. 1305630 Registered Office: 2, Castle Business Village, Station Road, Hampton, Middlesex. TW12 2BX. Rainbrook Ltd. Directors: N.C. Talbot. T.D.M. Rayment. C.E. Ellis. E&OE VAT No. 217 6907 49 GROSVENOR PRINTS Catalogue of new stock released in conjunction with the ABA Fair 2008. In shop from noon 3rd June, 2008 and at Olympia opening 5th June. Established by Nigel Talbot in 1976, we have built up the United Kingdom’s largest stock of prints from the 17th to early 20th centuries. Well known for our topographical views, portraits, sporting and decorative subjects, we pride ourselves on being able to cater for almost every taste, no matter how obscure. We hope you enjoy this catalogue put together for this years’ Antiquarian Book Fair. Our largest ever catalogue contains over 800 items, many rare, interesting and unique images. We have also been lucky to purchase a very large stock of theatrical prints from the Estate of Alec Clunes, a well known actor, dealer and collector from the 1950’s and 60’s.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Medieval and Modern Resource Assessment
    THE SOLENT THAMES RESEARCH FRAMEWORK RESOURCE ASSESSMENT POST-MEDIEVAL AND MODERN PERIOD (AD 1540 - ) Jill Hind April 2010 (County contributions by Vicky Basford, Owen Cambridge, Brian Giggins, David Green, David Hopkins, John Rhodes, and Chris Welch; palaeoenvironmental contribution by Mike Allen) Introduction The period from 1540 to the present encompasses a vast amount of change to society, stretching as it does from the end of the feudal medieval system to a multi-cultural, globally oriented state, which increasingly depends on the use of Information Technology. This transition has been punctuated by the protestant reformation of the 16th century, conflicts over religion and power structure, including regicide in the 17th century, the Industrial and Agricultural revolutions of the 18th and early 19th century and a series of major wars. Although land battles have not taken place on British soil since the 18th century, setting aside terrorism, civilians have become increasingly involved in these wars. The period has also seen the development of capitalism, with Britain leading the Industrial Revolution and becoming a major trading nation. Trade was followed by colonisation and by the second half of the 19th century the British Empire included vast areas across the world, despite the independence of the United States in 1783. The second half of the 20th century saw the end of imperialism. London became a centre of global importance as a result of trade and empire, but has maintained its status as a financial centre. The Solent Thames region generally is prosperous, benefiting from relative proximity to London and good communications routes. The Isle of Wight has its own particular issues, but has never been completely isolated from major events.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapel of Longleat House, Wiltshire
    case study 11 Chapel of Longleat House, Wiltshire 1684 Private chapel, extant but gothicized1 Architect: William Taylor A London surveyor, active during the reigns of Charles II and James II, Taylor was employed by the first Viscount Weymouth from 1682 onwards to carry out works at Longleat House, including the fitting up of the chapel. A few years later Weymouth employed him for the building of a new chapel at Minsterley, his house in Shropshire.2 Historical note Few Elizabethan estates had a chapel. Among the great prodigy houses, Hardwick was unusual in having a functioning chapel.3 At Longleat the archi- tectural features of the former chapel, including the chapel window and but- tresses, were dismantled before 1580 at the request of Sir John Thynne’s mason because they would “much disvergure” the overall design of the building.4 According to Annabel Ricketts the seventeenth-century chapel was L-shaped, located on the ground floor and oriented to the north-west. The shape probably resulted from the symmetry of the overall plan.5 The arrange- ment of the chapel was part of a major rearrangement of the whole house, commissioned by the first Viscount Weymouth and executed by William Taylor. However, Weymouth also took advice from Wren. In 1683 he wrote to his brother “he would be grateful for Sir Christopher Wren’s opinion.”6 1 Annabel Ricketts, The English Country House Chapel, Building a Protestant Tradition (Reading: Spire books, 2007), 274. 2 Henry Lancaster, “Thynne Thomas, first Viscount Weymouth (bap. 1640, d. 1714), politician,” in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Online (2008), doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27424.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin N U M B E R 2 5 5 March/April 1991
    ISSN 0585-9980 SURREY ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY CASTLE ARCH, GUILDFORD GU1 3SX Guildford 32454 Bulletin N u m b e r 2 5 5 March/April 1991 Elstead Carrot Diggers c1870. Renowned throughout the district for their speed of operation. Note the length of the carrots from the sandy soil in the Elstead/Thursley area, and also the special tools used as in the hand of the gentleman on the right. COUNCIL NEWS Moated site, South Parit, Grayswood. Discussions relating to the proposed gift of the Scheduled Ancient Monument by the owner to the Society, first reported in Bulletin 253, are progressing well. Present proposals envisage the Society ultimately acquiring the freehold of the site, part of which would be leased to the Surrey Wildlife Trust. The Society would be responsible for maintaining the site and arranging for limited public access. It now seems probable that this exciting project will become a reality and a small committee has been formed to investigate and advise Council on the complexities involved. Council has expressed sincere and grateful thanks to the owner of South Park for her generosity. Castle Training Dig. Guildford Borough Council has approved a second season of excavation at the Castle, which will take place between the 8th and 28th July 1991. Those interested in taking part should complete the form enclosed with this issue of the Bulletin and return it to the Society. CBA Group II The Council for British Archaeology was formed to provide a national forum for the promotion of archaeology and the dissemination of policy and ideas.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles I: the Court at War
    6TH NOVEMBER 2019 Theatres of Revolution: the Stuart Kings and the Architecture of Disruption – Charles I: The Court at War PROFESSOR SIMON THURLEY In my last lecture I described what happened when through choice or catastrophe a monarch cannot rule or live in the palaces and places designed for it. King James I subverted English courtly conventions and established a series of unusual royal residences that gave him privacy and freedom from conventional royal etiquette. Although court protocol prevailed at Royston, there was none of the grandeur that the Tudor monarchs would have expected. Indeed, from our perspective Royston was not a palace at all, just a jumble of houses in a market town. Today we turn our attention to King Charles I. In a completely different way from his father he too ended up living in places which we would hesitate to call palaces. But the difference was that he strove at every turn to maintain the magnificence and dignity due to him as sovereign. On 22 August 1642 King Charles raised his standard at Nottingham signalling the end of a stand-off with Parliament and the beginning of what became Civil War. Since the 10th January, when Charles had abandoned London, after his botched attempt to arrest five members of parliament, he had been on the move. Hastily exiting from Whitehall, he arrived late at Hampton Court which was quite unprepared to receive the royal family; it was cold and only partially furnished when Charles entered his privy lodgings. But the king’s main concern was security, not comfort, and preparations were undertaken at lightning speed for the king and queen to move to the safety of Windsor Castle.
    [Show full text]
  • The Elizabethan Diplomatic Service
    Quidditas Volume 9 Article 9 1988 The Elizabethan Diplomatic Service F. Jeffrey Platt Northern Arizona University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, History Commons, Philosophy Commons, and the Renaissance Studies Commons Recommended Citation Platt, F. Jeffrey (1988) "The Elizabethan Diplomatic Service," Quidditas: Vol. 9 , Article 9. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra/vol9/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Quidditas by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. JRMMRA 9 (1988) The Elizabethan Diplomatic Service by F. Jeffrey Platt Northern Arizona University The critical early years of Elizabeth's reign witnessed a watershed in European history. The 1559 Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis, which ended the long Hapsburg-Valois conflict, resulted in a sudden shift in the focus of international politics from Italy to the uncomfortable proximity of the Low Countries. The arrival there, 30 miles from England's coast, in 1567, of thousands of seasoned Spanish troops presented a military and commer­ cial threat the English queen could not ignore. Moreover, French control of Calais and their growing interest in supplanting the Spanish presence in the Netherlands represented an even greater menace to England's security. Combined with these ominous developments, the Queen's excommunica­ tion in May 1570 further strengthened the growing anti-English and anti­ Protestant sentiment of Counter-Reformation Europe. These circumstances, plus the significantly greater resources of France and Spain, defined England, at best, as a middleweight in a world dominated by two heavyweights.
    [Show full text]
  • World Heritage 32 COM
    World Heritage 32 COM Distribution Limited WHC-08/32.COM/8B.Add Paris, 25 June 2008 Original: English/French UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE Thirty second Session Quebec City, Canada 2 – 10 July 2008 Item 8B of the Provisional Agenda: Nominations to the World Heritage List Nominations to the World Heritage List SUMMARY This Addendum presents the Draft Decisions concerning 5 nominations of properties deferred or referred back by previous sessions of the World Heritage Committee, 21 minor modifications to the boundaries and 29 revisions of Statements of Significance or Statements of Outstanding Universal Value of already inscribed properties and 1 change of criteria to be examined by the World Heritage Committee at its 32nd session in 2008. Decision required: The Committee is requested to examine the Draft Decisions presented in this Addendum and take its Decisions in accordance with paragraphs 153, 155, 163 and 164 of the Operational Guidelines. I. Changes to criteria of properties inscribed on the World Heritage List The World Heritage Committee at its 30th session (Vilnius, 2006) approved 17 changes of criteria numbering for Natural and Mixed properties inscribed for geological values before 1994 (Document WHC- 06/30.COM/8D). For only two properties (see table below), in the group of properties that was inscribed under natural criteria (ii) before 1994, was no change in criteria numbering requested at that time, as the State Party asked for further time to consult the stakeholders concerned. Following consultations with the stakeholders and IUCN, it was agreed that the criteria should be as shown in the table here below.
    [Show full text]
  • CHURCH: Dates of Confirmation/Consecration
    Court: Women at Court; Royal Household. p.1: Women at Court. Royal Household: p.56: Gentlemen and Grooms of the Privy Chamber; p.59: Gentlemen Ushers. p.60: Cofferer and Controller of the Household. p.61: Privy Purse and Privy Seal: selected payments. p.62: Treasurer of the Chamber: selected payments; p.63: payments, 1582. p.64: Allusions to the Queen’s family: King Henry VIII; Queen Anne Boleyn; King Edward VI; Queen Mary Tudor; Elizabeth prior to her Accession. Royal Household Orders. p.66: 1576 July (I): Remembrance of charges. p.67: 1576 July (II): Reformations to be had for diminishing expenses. p.68: 1577 April: Articles for diminishing expenses. p.69: 1583 Dec 7: Remembrances concerning household causes. p.70: 1598: Orders for the Queen’s Almoners. 1598: Orders for the Queen’s Porters. p.71: 1599: Orders for supplying French wines to the Royal Household. p.72: 1600: Thomas Wilson: ‘The Queen’s Expenses’. p.74: Marriages: indexes; miscellaneous references. p.81: Godchildren: indexes; miscellaneous references. p.92: Deaths: chronological list. p.100: Funerals. Women at Court. Ladies and Gentlewomen of the Bedchamber and the Privy Chamber. Maids of Honour, Mothers of the Maids; also relatives and friends of the Queen not otherwise included, and other women prominent in the reign. Close friends of the Queen: Katherine Astley; Dorothy Broadbelt; Lady Cobham; Anne, Lady Hunsdon; Countess of Huntingdon; Countess of Kildare; Lady Knollys; Lady Leighton; Countess of Lincoln; Lady Norris; Elizabeth and Helena, Marchionesses of Northampton; Countess of Nottingham; Blanche Parry; Katherine, Countess of Pembroke; Mary Radcliffe; Lady Scudamore; Lady Mary Sidney; Lady Stafford; Countess of Sussex; Countess of Warwick.
    [Show full text]
  • WRAP THESIS Shilliam 1986.Pdf
    University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap/34806 This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. FOREIGN INFLUENCES ON AND INNOVATION IN ENGLISH TOMB SCULPTURE IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY by Nicola Jane Shilliam B.A. (Warwick) Ph.D. dissertation Warwick University History of Art September 1986 SUMMARY This study is an investigation of stylistic and iconographic innovation in English tomb sculpture from the accession of King Henry VIII through the first half of the sixteenth century, a period during which Tudor society and Tudor art were in transition as a result of greater interaction with continental Europe. The form of the tomb was moulded by contemporary cultural, temporal and spiritual innovations, as well as by the force of artistic personalities and the directives of patrons. Conversely, tomb sculpture is an inherently conservative art, and old traditions and practices were resistant to innovation. The early chapters examine different means of change as illustrated by a particular group of tombs. The most direct innovations were introduced by the royal tombs by Pietro Torrigiano in Westminster Abbey. The function of Italian merchants in England as intermediaries between Italian artists and English patrons is considered. Italian artists also introduced terracotta to England.
    [Show full text]
  • Elizabethan Diplomatic Networks and the Spread of News
    chapter 13 Elizabethan Diplomatic Networks and the Spread of News Tracey A. Sowerby Sir Thomas Smith, Elizabeth I’s ambassador in France, wrote to her longest serving secretary, Sir William Cecil, in 1563 that “yf ye did understand and feele the peyne that Ambassadoures be in when thei can have no aunswer to ther lettres nor intilligence from ther prince, nor hir cownsell, ye wold pitie them I assure yow”. This pain was particularly acute, Smith went on to explain, when there were worrying rumours, such as those circulating at the French court that Queen Elizabeth was dead or very ill.1 Smith was far from the only Elizabethan ambassador to highlight the importance of regular news from home. Almost every resident ambassador Elizabeth sent abroad did so at some point during his mission. Practical and financial considerations meant that English ambassadors often had to wait longer than was desirable for domestic news; it was not unusual for ambassadors to go for one or two months without any news from the Queen or her Privy Council. For logistical reasons diplomats posted at courts relatively close to London were more likely to receive more regular information from court than those in more distant courts such as those of the Spanish king or Ottoman Emperor, or who were attached to semi- peripatetic courts. There were financial reasons too: sending a special post from Paris to London and back cost at least £20 in 1566.2 But sending news through estab- lished postal routes or with other ambassadors’ packets, while considerably cheaper, was also much less secure and took longer.3 A lack of news could hinder a diplomat’s ability to operate effectively.
    [Show full text]