English Through Europe
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ENGLISH THROUGH EUROPE Assoc. Prof. PhD. Christina MOLDOVEANU-BARBU Christina MOLDOVEANU-BARBU 2 ENGLISH THROUGH EUROPE Christina MOLDOVEANU-BARBU ENGLISH THROUGH EUROPE Editura Fundaţiei pentru Cultură şi Învăţământ „Ioan Slavici” Timişoara, 2017 3 Christina MOLDOVEANU-BARBU CO-AUTOR: Dragoş Răzvan Barbu REFERENŢI ŞTIINŢIFICI: Moyra Throssell, BA (Hons), CPE/GDL, PGCE, LL.M (UNITED KINGDOM, Dean of Higher Education - South Cheshire College / West Cheshire College) Conf. univ. dr. Narcisa Schwarz, Universitatea de Vest „Vasile Goldiş” din Arad Conf. univ. dr. Stăncuța Ramona Dima-Laza, Universitatea de Vest „Vasile Goldiş” din Arad Coperta: Mihaela Gruber © 2017 Toate drepturile privind reproducerea integrală sau parţială a textului prezentei lucrări aparţin autoarei Christina Moldoveanu-Barbu Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României MOLDOVEANU-BARBU, CHRISTINA English through Europe / Christina Moldoveanu-Barbu. - Timişoara : Editura Fundaţiei pentru cultură şi învăţământ "Ioan Slavici" Timişoara, 2017 Conţine bibliografie ISBN 978-606-8480-46-6 811.111 All authors take responsibility for the chapter they wrote. 4 ENGLISH THROUGH EUROPE CONTENTS FOREWORD ................................................................................................ 9 PART 1: Recommended Places to Visit in Europe ROMANIA (Author of the recommended places to visit: Romanian team) ........... 15 Grammar Topics: Verb Tenses (Present and Past) SERBIA (Author of the recommended places to visit: Romanian team) ................ 37 Grammar Topics: Verb Tenses (Future) GREECE (Author of the recommended places to visit: Greek team) .................... 46 Grammar Topics: Irregular Verbs, Negative and Interrogative Structures ITALY (Author of the recommended places to visit: Italian team) ....................... 63 Grammar Topics: Conditional Mood, Sequence of Tenses, Imperative Mood AUSTRIA (Author of the recommended places to visit: German team) ................ 74 Grammar Topics: Modal Verbs SPAIN (Author of the recommended places to visit: Turkish team) ....................... 86 Grammar Topics: Direct and Indirect Speech, Passive Voice 5 Christina MOLDOVEANU-BARBU UNITED KINGDOM (Author of the recommended places to visit: UK team) ... 98 Grammar Topics: Subjunctive Mood, Impersonal Modes (Infinitive, Gerund, Participle) FRANCE (Author of the recommended places to visit: Greek team) ............... 112 Grammar Topics: Article BELGIUM (Author of the recommended places to visit: Swedish team) ...........121 Grammar Topics: Noun GERMANY (Author of the recommended places to visit: German team) .........135 Grammar Topics: Pronoun POLAND (Author of the recommended places to visit: UK team) ....................147 Grammar Topics: Adjective SWEDEN (Author of the recommended places to visit: Swedish team) .............159 Grammar Topics: Adverb RUSSIA (Author of the recommended places to visit: Italian team) .................172 Grammar Topics: Numeral TURKEY (Author of the recommended places to visit: Turkish team) ..............182 Grammar Topics: Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection 6 ENGLISH THROUGH EUROPE PART 2: Grammar Basics Grammar Topics: The Verb. Verbal Tenses (Present and Past) ................... 198 Future ...................................................................... 229 Grammar Topics: Irregular Verbs .................................................................... 240 Negative and Interrogative Structures ........................... 243 Grammar Topics: Conditional Mood ............................................................... 251 Sequence of Tenses ........................................................... 254 Imperative Mood ............................................................... 259 Grammar Topics: Modal Verbs ........................................................................ 261 Grammar Topics: Direct and Indirect Speech ................................................ 274 Passive Voice ..................................................................... 281 Grammar Topics: Subjunctive Mood .............................................................. 284 Impersonal Modes The Infinitive .......................................................... 293 The Gerund ............................................................. 301 The Participle .......................................................... 306 Grammar Topics: The Article .......................................................................... 311 Grammar Topics: The Noun ............................................................................. 314 Grammar Topics: The Pronoun ....................................................................... 326 Grammar Topics: The Adjective .............................................................. 332 Grammar Topics: The Adverb ......................................................................... 339 Grammar Topics: The Numeral ....................................................................... 348 7 Christina MOLDOVEANU-BARBU Grammar Topics: The Preposition .................................................................. 352 The Conjunction ................................................................ 357 The Interjection ................................................................ 360 AFTERWORD ........................................................................................ 362 REFERENCES ........................................................................................ 363 8 ENGLISH THROUGH EUROPE FOREWORD In order to cooperate, the people of Europe need a common language and the most used one is surely ENGLISH. This course comes to help people improve their English… in a special manner: by travelling through Europe. The first part of this book is a guide of recommended places to visit in Europe. The trip starts from Romania and goes through 14 countries: Romania, Serbia, Greece, Italy, Austria, Spain, United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Germany, Poland Sweden, Russia and Turkey. Each country presents some of its best touristic sites, by using a certain grammar structure in the description (these structures are underlined, so that they could be easily observed). After each text, there is a reference to the basics of the grammar structure in case, which is explained in the second part of this book. After studying the structure, the “traveler” can go back to the just visited place and try some exercises to practice it. Thus, learning has three steps in this book: 1. Reading and identifying the grammar structure (while enjoying the beauties of Europe); 2. Studying the structure with the help of syntheses and visual frames; 3. Practising the structure just learnt, as well as revision of the connected structures (especially for the verbal tenses). 9 Christina MOLDOVEANU-BARBU The second part of the book is a “grammatical travel” through all the ten parts of speech in English (verb, article, noun, pronoun, adjective, adverb, numeral, preposition, conjunction, interjection). The systematized presentation helps the learner understand easily each grammar issue and facilitates further references whenever necessary, during the journey. The “charts” summarize the information and deposit the knowledge in the right “shelf”, in line with the other structures. The book is thought for the level B1 – B2 (Intermediate and Upper-Intermediate). The practice after each touristic site and each grammar milestone enables the use of the new structures in specific contexts. The book came out through an Erasmus+ project which involved teachers and students from Romania, Sweden, Italy, United Kingdom, Greece, Germany and Turkey. All the partners recommended places in Europe to be visited and then the Romanian representative developed the grammatical explanations and the exercises. Therefore, many thanks for their cooperation to: Dragoş Răzvan Barbu (Romania) Marina Wahlström (Sweden) Anna Backman Wikström (Sweden) Muslima Tulkinjonova (Sweden) Eleni Patiraki (Greece) Christian Tschuschke (Germany) Natalia Arnăutu (Germany) Rosa Scaffidi (Italy) Nancy Trifiletti (Italy) Nella Marullo (Italy) Yvette Robinson (United Kingdom) Majkel Czapracki (United Kingdom) Alpay Canta (Turkey) 10 ENGLISH THROUGH EUROPE English is a beautiful language and Europe is an exquisite continent. Learning by travelling provides the chance to have fun, enjoy learning, find out so many things about geography, history, or culture of Europe and, in the same time, become more and more self-confident about your communication in English. So, pack up and… HAVE A GREAT JOURNEY THROUGH EUROPE! Assoc. Prof. PhD. Christina Moldoveanu-Barbu (Guide of a linguistic travel) 11 Christina MOLDOVEANU-BARBU 12 ENGLISH THROUGH EUROPE PART 1: Recommended Places to Visit in Europe Practice grammar by travelling 13 Christina MOLDOVEANU-BARBU 14 ENGLISH THROUGH EUROPE ROMANIA Let’s start our travel htrough Europe! Our starting point is ROMANIA, a beautiful country with large plains, rich hills and wonderful mountain landscapes; with many natural resources; with welcoming and inventive people. Superlatives: Palace of the Parliament (in Bucharest) is the largest administrative building in the world and also the heaviest building in th eworld Best gymnast of the world: Nadia Comăneci (first 10 in gymnastics); and youngest World Gymnastics Champion: Aurelia Dobre (14 years and 352 days in Holand, Rotterdam, on 23rd October 1987) The largest volcanic chain in Europe: The Carpathians Five recommended places to visit in Romania: