DOCSLIB.ORG

Cep Afghanistan 2005 En.Pdf 1.23 MB

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cep Afghanistan 2005 En.Pdf 1.23 MB Commission Framework Contract EuropeAid/116548/C/SV Specific Contract No. 2004/97093 STRATEGIC REVIEW AND PROGRAMMING MISSION Afghanistan (Cluster 3) DRAFT FINAL REPORT COUNTRY ENVIRONMENT PROFILE Keith Reed Uwe Weber March 2005 E947 92-98, boulevard Victor Hugo - 92115 Clichy Cedex - France Tel: +33 1 41 27 95 95 - Fax: +33 1 47 37 96 20 E-mail: [email protected] - website: www.sofreco.com Strategic Review & Programming Mission - Afghanistan (Cluster 3) Draft Final Report Country environment Profile This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication is the sole responsibility of the consultants and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. Strategic Review & Programming Mission - Afghanistan (Cluster 3) Draft Final Report Country environment Profile Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................... 1 AFGHANISTAN COUNTRY INDICATORS ................................................................. 2 1 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 3 2 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Physical environment .......................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Geography .................................................................................................. 6 2.1.2 Climate ........................................................................................................ 7 2.1.3 Rivers, Water Resources ............................................................................ 7 2.1.4 Natural Disaster Risks ................................................................................. 8 2.2 Population ............................................................................................................. 8 2.3 Economy ............................................................................................................... 9 2.3.1 Poverty ........................................................................................................ 9 2.3.2 Agriculture ................................................................................................. 10 2.3.3 Industry ..................................................................................................... 10 2.4 Environmental Policy ......................................................................................... 11 3 STATE OF THE ENVIROMENT ......................................................................... 12 3.1 Water Sector ....................................................................................................... 12 3.1.1 Water balance, Irrigation ........................................................................... 12 3.1.2 Water quality ............................................................................................. 13 3.2 Soils, Land use ................................................................................................... 14 3.2.1 Soils, Salinisation and Waterlogging ......................................................... 14 3.2.2 Desertification ........................................................................................... 14 3.2.3 Residuals of warfare ................................................................................. 15 3.2.4 Deforestation ............................................................................................. 15 3.3 Biodiversity ......................................................................................................... 16 3.3.1 Critically threatened Ecosystems .............................................................. 16 3.3.2 Species loss .............................................................................................. 17 3.3.3 Crop and livestock genetic diversity .......................................................... 17 3.3.4 Protected Areas ........................................................................................ 18 3.3.5 Alien invasive species ............................................................................... 19 3.4 Urban Environment ............................................................................................ 19 3.4.1 Air pollution ............................................................................................... 19 3.4.2 Urban and Industrial waste ........................................................................ 20 3.5 Energy ................................................................................................................. 21 3.5.1 Renewable Energy .................................................................................... 21 3.5.2 Fossile energy utilisation ........................................................................... 22 3.5.3 Energy Intensity ........................................................................................ 22 3.6 Conflict and Environment .................................................................................. 23 Strategic Review & Programming Mission - Afghanistan (Cluster 3) Draft Final Report Country environment Profile 4 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, LEGISLATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .................................................................................................... 24 4.1 Environmental policy and legislation ................................................................ 24 4.1.1 Policy and action plans ............................................................................. 24 4.1.2 Legislation, current and in preparation ...................................................... 25 4.1.3 Government approach to key international environmental conventions ..... 26 4.2 Environmental institutional framework ............................................................. 27 4.2.1 Institutional structure and responsibilities .................................................. 27 4.2.2 Formal structures and procedures for public participation ......................... 27 4.2.3 Capacity and financial resources ............................................................... 28 4.3 Sectoral integration ............................................................................................ 29 4.4 EC and other international development assistance in the environment sector .................................................................................................................. 30 4.4.1 EC cooperation with the country from an environmental perspective ........ 30 4.4.2 Procedures for co-operation between funding agencies ............................ 31 5 RECOMMENDED PRIORITY ACTIONS ............................................................ 31 5.1 Addressing Emergencies ................................................................................... 31 5.2 Urban Environment ............................................................................................ 32 5.2.1 Improve urban services and livelihoods for the poor .................................. 32 5.2.2 Establishing baseline data to guide sustainable city planning .................... 32 5.3 Rural Environment ............................................................................................. 32 5.3.1 Watershed Management ........................................................................... 32 5.3.2 Biodiversity and Protected Areas .............................................................. 33 5.4 Capacity Building and Public Sector Reform ................................................... 33 5.4.1 Government Institutions ............................................................................ 33 5.4.2 Development of professional capacity ....................................................... 33 6 TECHNICAL APPENDICES ............................................................................... 34 6.1 Map of the project area ...................................................................................... 34 6.2 Reference list of environmental policy documents, statements and action plans ........................................................................................................ 35 7 ADMINISTRATIVE APPENDICES...................................................................... 36 7.1 Study methodology/work plan ........................................................................... 36 7.1.1 Desk research ........................................................................................... 36 7.1.2 In-country study ........................................................................................ 36 7.1.3 Environmental Performance Indicators ...................................................... 36 7.2 Consultants’ Itinerary ......................................................................................... 37 7.3 List of persons/organisations consulted .......................................................... 38 7.3.1 EC Headquarters Brussels ........................................................................ 38 7.3.2 Kabul, Afghanistan .................................................................................... 39 7.4 List of documentation consulted ...................................................................... 40 7.5 Curriculum vitae of the consultant ...................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Table of Contents List of Abbreviations
    وضعیت محیط زیست افغانستان فشارها، پیشرفت ها، چالشها و خﻻها The Environment of Afghanistan ( 2010 - 2017) Pressures, Progress, Challenges/Gaps Ghulam Mohammad Malikyar Dec. 2017 غﻻم محمد ملکیار حوت 1396 1 Table of Contents List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................. 6 AFGHANISTAN'S MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSETS .................................................................................... 10 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 10 2. Physiography ................................................................................................................................................ 11 3. Population and Population growth ............................................................................................................... 12 4. General Education and Environmental Education ....................................................................................... 12 5. Socio-economic Process and Environment ................................................................................................... 13 6. Health and Sanitation ................................................................................................................................... 14 .[3] ...........................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Watershed Atlas Part IV
    PART IV 99 DESCRIPTION PART IV OF WATERSHEDS I. MAP AND STATISTICS BY WATERSHED II. AMU DARYA RIVER BASIN III. NORTHERN RIVER BASIN IV. HARIROD-MURGHAB RIVER BASIN V. HILMAND RIVER BASIN VI. KABUL (INDUS) RIVER BASIN VII. NON-DRAINAGE AREAS PICTURE 84 Aerial view of Panjshir Valley in Spring 2003. Parwan, 25 March 2003 100 I. MAP AND STATISTICS BY WATERSHED Part IV of the Watershed Atlas describes the 41 watersheds Graphs 21-32 illustrate the main characteristics on area, popu- defined in Afghanistan, which includes five non-drainage areas lation and landcover of each watershed. Graph 21 shows that (Map 10 and 11). For each watershed, statistics on landcover the Upper Hilmand is the largest watershed in Afghanistan, are presented. These statistics were calculated based on the covering 46,882 sq. km, while the smallest watershed is the FAO 1990/93 landcover maps (Shapefiles), using Arc-View 3.2 Dasht-i Nawur, which covers 1,618 sq. km. Graph 22 shows that software. Graphs on monthly average river discharge curve the largest number of settlements is found in the Upper (long-term average and 1978) are also presented. The data Hilmand watershed. However, Graph 23 shows that the largest source for the hydrological graph is the Hydrological Year Books number of people is found in the Kabul, Sardih wa Ghazni, of the Government of Afghanistan – Ministry of Irrigation, Ghorband wa Panjshir (Shomali plain) and Balkhab watersheds. Water Resources and Environment (MIWRE). The data have Graph 24 shows that the highest population density by far is in been entered by Asian Development Bank and kindly made Kabul watershed, with 276 inhabitants/sq.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan Translation
    APPENDIX I LIST OF PROJECTS COMPLETED ACCORDING TO THE USSR’S COMMITMENTS TO TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO AFGHANISTAN # Name of Site or Project Year of Completion 1-8. Eight oil reservoirs (total volume 8300 cubic meters) 1952-1958 9. Asphalt/concrete production plant in Kabul, paving the streets , and 1955 delivery of road machinery (supplying equipment and technical aid rendered through Ministry of Foreign Trade) 10. Combined grain/bread producing factory in the city of Kabul: one grain 1957 elevator (volume 50 tons of grain), two mills ( capacity 375 tons of grind per 24 hours), a breadbaking factory – (capacity 70 tons of baked items per 24 hours) 11. Grain elevator in the city of Puli-Khumri (volume 20.000 tons of grain) 1957 12. River port Shirkhan (processing capacity of 155,000 tons of freight a 1959 year including 20,000 tons of petroleum products) Expansion of the port 1961 13. Bridge over the Khanabad River (120 meters in length) near the Alchin 1959 settlement 14. Auto repair factory in Kabul (technical capacity to provide major repair 1960 services for 1373 cars and 750 tons of metal items per year) 15-16. Two bridges (each 30 meters long) over the rivers Salang and Gurband 1961 17. Airdrome Bagram (3,000 meter landing strip) 1961 18. International airdrome in Kabul (2,800 meter landing strip, width of 47 1962 meters) 19. Puli-Khumri electric power station on the river Kunduz (total output 1962 9,000 KW) 20-22. Three bridges in the province of Nangarhar over the river Kunar in the 1964 areas of Bihsud, Kama and Asmar (360, 230, and 35 meters long, respectively) 23.
    [Show full text]
  • Part III Description of River Basins
    PART III DESCRIPTION OF RIVER BASINS Picture 38 Two different worlds separated by only a river; on the right bank of the Murghab river, ‘kuchi’ nomad tents in Afghanistan, on the left bank, a cooperative in Turkmenistan. Water is largely unused on the Afghan side. Murichak, Bala Murghab, 21 May 2003 (N35.72, E, 63.19, NW) 62 I. MAPS AND STATISTICS BY RIVER BASIN The map 8 shows the boundaries of the five River Basins delineated for Afghanistan: 1. The Amu Darya River Basin 2. The Northern River Basin 3. The Harirod-Murghab River Basin 4. The Hilmand River Basin 5. The Kabul (Indus) River Basin For each river basin, source of water, transboundaries riparian issues, natural resources, protected areas, land cover, type of agriculture, hydrological infrastructures (dams) and main historical development along water sources are summarized and whenever possible illustrated with pictures. The tables 8, 9 and 10 present statistics on area, population and the main land cover features by river basin. The graph 9 shows that the largest of these 5 basins is the Hilmand basin as it covers alone 43% of the national territory. The other 4 basins have similar size and represent 10 to 14% of the country. In additions to these river basins, there are 4 none drainage areas, namely Namaksar, Registan-i Sedi, Registan and Dasth-i Shortepa. The graph on Map 8 shows that 57% of the total river flow in Afghanistan originates from the Amu Darya River Basin. The Kabul (Indus) and Hilmand River Basins contributes respectively to 26 and 11% of the total water flow.
    [Show full text]
  • July 30, 2020 Quarterly Report to Congress
    Special Inspector General for JUL 30 SIGAR Afghanistan Reconstruction 2020 QUARTERLY REPORT TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS The National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2008 (Pub. L. No. 110- 181) established the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR). SIGAR’s oversight mission, as defined by the legislation, is to provide for the independent and objective • conduct and supervision of audits and investigations relating to the programs and operations funded with amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for the reconstruction of Afghanistan. • leadership and coordination of, and recommendations on, policies designed to promote economy, efficiency, and effectiveness in the administration of the programs and operations, and to prevent and detect waste, fraud, and abuse in such programs and operations. • means of keeping the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense fully and currently informed about problems and deficiencies relating to the administration of such programs and operation and the necessity for and progress on corrective action. Afghanistan reconstruction includes any major contract, grant, agreement, or other funding mechanism entered into by any department or agency of the U.S. government that involves the use of amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for the reconstruction of Afghanistan. As required by the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2018 (Pub. L. No. 115-91), this quarterly report has been prepared in accordance with the Quality Standards for Inspection and Evaluation issued by the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency. Source: Pub. L. No. 110-181, “National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2008,” 1/28/2008, Pub. L. No.
    [Show full text]
  • ENERGY SECURITY TRADE-OFFS UNDER HIGH UNCERTAINTY Resolving Afghanistan’S Power Sector Development Dilemma
    AFGHANISTAN ENERGY STUDY ENERGY SECURITY TRADE-OFFS UNDER HIGH UNCERTAINTY Resolving Afghanistan’s Power Sector Development Dilemma Defne Gencer, John Irving, Peter Meier, Richard Spencer, and Chris Wnuk AFGHANISTAN ENERGY STUDY ENERGY SECURITY TRADE-OFFS UNDER HIGH UNCERTAINTY: Resolving Afghanistan’s Power Sector Development Dilemma Defne Gencer, John Irving, Peter Meier, Richard Spencer, and Chris Wnuk © 2018 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 202-473-1000 | www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, World Bank Group, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax 202- 522-2625; email: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan Naghlu and Darunta Hydropower Rehabilitation Project
    SFG1374 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK For the Afghanistan Naghlu and Darunta Hydropower Rehabilitation Project Da Afghanistan Breshna Sherkat (DABS) February, 2014 Updated November, 2018 1 Table of Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................ 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 6 PROJECT OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................................................. 7 PROJECT COMPONENTS ......................................................................................................................................... 7 POTENTIAL NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE NAGHLU AND DARUNTA DAM REHABILITATION . 8 POTENTIAL NEGATIVE SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE NAGHLU AND DARUNTA DAM REHABILITATION .................. 9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) ............................................................ 10 LEGISLATIVE, REGULATORY AND POLICY FRAMEWORK .................................................................................. 10 STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ........................................................... 10 PRE-FEASIBILITY SOCIAL ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS ............ 11 APPLICATION OF ‘SAFETY OF DAMS’ POLICY TO THE NAGHLU DAM AND THE DARUNTA
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No.: PAD1450 AFGHANISTAN RECONSTRUCTION TRUST FUND PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON A PROPOSED GRANT IN THE AMOUNT OF US$83 MILLION Public Disclosure Authorized TO THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF AFGHANISTAN FOR A NAGHLU HYDROPOWER REHABILITATION PROJECT - PHASE I NOVEMBER 22, 2015 Public Disclosure Authorized Energy & Extractives Global Practice South Asia Region Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective as of July 01, 2015) Currency Unit = Afghani (AFN) AFN 1,000 = US$16.72 US$1.00 = AFN 60.15 FISCAL YEAR December 21 – December 20 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank AFMIS Afghanistan Financial Management Information System ANDS Afghanistan National Development Strategy ARTF Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund CDC Community Development Council CEO Chief Executive Officer CFO Chief Financial Officer COO Chief Operating Officer DA Designated Account DABS Da Afghanistan Breshna Sherkat EPRP Emergency Power Rehabilitation Project ERR Economic Rate of Return ESAP Environmental and Social Advisory Panel ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment FGD Focus Group Discussion FM Financial Management GDP Gross Domestic Product
    [Show full text]
  • Main Investment Opportunities in Afghanistan
    Main Investment Opportunities In Afghanistan Afghanistan Investment Support Agency Research and Policy Department Main Investment Opportunities In Afghanistan Collected by: Said Mubin Shah 2009 Said Mubin Shah, RPD Director Main Investment Opportunities In Afghanistan Content Topic Page Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..1 1. Investment Opportunities in Agriculture Sector…………………………………..1 1.1 In vestment Opportunity in Dairy Industry……………………………2 1.2 Investment Opportunity in Honey Industry 1.3 Investment opportunity in Almond 1.4 Investment opportunity in Sunflower Industry 1.5 Investment in Karakul Pelts 1.6 Investment opportunity in Sugar Beet Industry 1.7 Investment opportunity in Olive Industry 1.8 investment opportunity in Cashmere Industry 1.9 Flower and Essence Industry 1.10 Other investment opportunities include (22 agro business opportunities) 2. Investment Opportunity in Mining 2.1 Investment opportunity in Ghori Cement Plant 2.2 Investment opportunity in Kandahar Cement 2.3 Investment in Hajigak Iron Mine 2.4 Investment in Sya Dara Iron 2.5 Investment opportunity in Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan (TAP) NaturalGas Project 2.6 Investment opportunity in Oil and Gas Reserves in Afghanistan 2.7 Investment opportunity in Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan (TAP) Natural Gas Project 2.8 Investment opportunity in Oil and Gas Reserves in Afghanistan 2.9 World class Aynak Copper 2.10 Dari Suf coking coal deposit 2.11 Investment opportunity in Gokhe Coal deposits of Saripul Province 2.12 Investment opportunity in Gardab chromites
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan Prepared by Lex Mundi Member Firm, RIAA Barker Gillette
    Guide to Doing Business Afghanistan Prepared by Lex Mundi member firm, RIAA Barker Gillette This guide is part of the Lex Mundi Guides to Doing Business series which provides general information about legal and business infrastructures in jurisdictions around the world. View the complete series at: www.lexmundi.com/GuidestoDoingBusiness. Lex Mundi is the world’s leading network of independent law firms with in-depth experience in 100+ countries. Through close collaboration, our member firms are able to offer their clients preferred access to more than 21,000 lawyers worldwide – a global resource of unmatched breadth and depth. Lex Mundi – the law firms that know your markets. www.lexmundi.com Guide To Doing Business Questionnaire: Member Firms Outside the USA I. The Country At A Glance A. What languages are spoken? Afghanistan is a multi-lingual country with Pashto and Dari declared as official languages by the Constitution of Afghanistan, 2004, and both are widely spoken across the country. However, Uzbek, Turkmen, Balochi, Pashai, Nuristani, Hazara, and other languages are spoken in some provinces. B. What is the exchange rate for the U.S. dollar, the Euro? Approximately: United States Dollar - AFN. 66.58 (Buying) and AFN. 66.78 (Selling) Euro - AFN. 70.97 (Buying) and AFN. 71.51 (Selling) C. Describe your country’s geography, proximity to other countries and climate. Location Afghanistan is the seventh largest landlocked country situated in Southern Asia, north and west of Pakistan, east of Iran. The Hindu Kush Mountains that run northeast to southwest divide the Northern provinces from the rest of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Afghanistan's Mineral Wealth
    Managing Afghanistan’s Mineral Wealth: Can Afghanistan’s Mineral Wealth Be Used to Rebuild the Economy? Task Force 2015 University of Washington Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies Cover Photograph Parallels. “Afghan Mineral Treasures Stay Buried, Hostages to Uncertainty.” Digital Image, 2013. Available From: http://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2013/05/18/184775139/Afghan- Mineral-Treasures-Stay-Buried-Hostage-To-Uncertainty All trademarks mentioned in this report remain the property of their owners. Their inclusion in this report should no way be taken as an endorsement of this report or its conclusions by the trademarks owners. Printed at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington Managing Afghanistan’s Mineral Wealth: Can Afghanistan’s Mineral Wealth Be Used to Rebuild the Economy? Faculty Advisor Scott L. Montgomery Affiliate Faculty, Jackson School of International Studies University of Washington, Seattle Evaluator Matthew Golden Economic Team Lead US State Department on Afghanistan, Washington D.C. Task Force Thomas Caetano (Editor) Rachel Caren (Coordinator) Ryan Bersentes | Patricia Denga | Adam Easter | Jessica Mellinger | Devon O’Neill Igor Sirotkin | Michael Lane Smith | Xiangjun Wan | Sara Wong | Sarah Yu The Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies University of Washington Task Force Report 2015 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................5 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan Water Resources Profile Overview
    WATER RESOURCES PROFILE SERIES The Water Resources Profile Series synthesizes information on water resources, water quality, the water-related dimensions of climate change, and water governance and provides an overview of the most critical water resources challenges and stress factors within USAID Water for the World Act High Priority Countries. The profile includes: a summary of available surface and groundwater resources; analysis of surface and groundwater availability and quality challenges related to water and land use practices; discussion of climate change risks; and synthesis of governance issues affecting water resources management institutions and service providers. Afghanistan Water Resources Profile Overview Water resources can be highly seasonal, and availability can vary significantly across Afghanistan. Water stress is moderate as approximately 55 percent of freshwater resources are withdrawni and the annual per capita freshwater availability is slightly higher than the Falkenmark Water Stress Indexii threshold for water stress. Snowmelt during the late spring and summer is key to replenishing water resources, particularly for major rivers in the east and northeast. Water is scarce in the deserts and steppes throughout the south and west. The Hindu Kush’s glaciers are melting due to rising temperature caused by climate change. This is reducing a natural water storage mechanism that protects against drought in the Amu Darya and Kabul River Basins. Higher evaporation rates caused by warmer temperatures will significantly reduce water availability over the course of the century. Surface water shortages during droughts are accentuated by over allocation, inadequate storage, and reservoir management challenges. Insufficient surface water storage and poor reservoir management constrain water availability for irrigation and contributes to food insecurity in the Helmand, Northern, and Harirud-Murghab River Basins.
    [Show full text]