VU20971 – Carpentry Hand Tools Page 17.

TIMBER SELECTION INTRODUCTION Prior to attempting any carpentry work, the appropriate timber must be selected for the job.

Marking face surface and face edge Before marking out or setting out, a face surface mark should be applied to the best face and a face edge mark should be applied to the best face edge.

Mark face surface and face edge

 Both surfaces must be straight in length, flat and free from twist and wind (pronounced wynd as in wind up a string line)  The face edge must be square off the face.  Face and face edge marks should not be applied to surfaces where major defects or blemishes are visible.

Face surfaces apply to many other materials in the Building and Construction Industry, such as bricks, tiles, pavers, plasterboard etc. and it is important to identify the best face on all materials/products as soon as you start to handle them. They can then be installed with the face surface visible and provide the best possible finish to your work.

Bricks Tiles

Pavers Plasterboard

Copyright LAPtek Pty. Ltd. 22216VIC – Certificate II in Building and Construction (Carpentry) VU20971 – Carpentry Hand Tools Page 21.

MEASURING AND MARKING To achieve the quality of work required in the building and construction industry, your measurements and marks must be accurate. Correct lengths, angles and other markings contribute to high quality finished work.

The two commonly used measuring tools used in the building and construction industry are the one metre folding rule and the tape measure.

One metre folding rule The one metre folding rule is carried by most workers in the building and construction industry and is used for:  Measuring distance  Setting a marking gauge  Checking the flatness of a surface

 Gauging parallel surfaces One metre folding rule Maintenance Avoid damage caused by other tools or by dropping the rule.

Tape measure The tape measure is also carried by most workers in the industry and is used for:  Measuring distances up to the length of the tape  Measuring inside dimensions

Maintenance

Keep the tape clean and do not overstretch it. Tape measure Do not allow the tape to retract at full speed and damage the hook.

Using a tape measure

Copyright LAPtek Pty. Ltd. 22216VIC – Certificate II in Building and Construction (Carpentry) Page 22. VU20971 – Carpentry Hand Tools

ASSESSMENT 1: MEASURING AND MARKING How: Complete the following exercise to display to your instructor your competency to use a one metre folding rule and measuring tape.

NOTE: All measurements are in millimetres and are made from the same end of the material

Material: 1/80 x 30 x 2400 Pine DAR (dressed all round). Mark the face and face edge. Step 1 Use a tape measure to measure two metres along the face of the timber Use a sharp pencil Draw a pencil mark, no longer than 10mm

(millimetres) from the face edge. Mark the face and face edge and the 2m mark

Step 2 Use the tape measure to measure 1455mm along the face of the timber and mark.

Measure and mark the1455mm mark

Step 3 Use a one metre folding rule, to measure 400mm along the face of the timber and mark.

Measure and mark the 400mm mark

Step 4 Use a one metre folding rule, to measure 70mm along the face of the timber and mark.

Use a folding rule to measure in 70mm

Step 5 Your completed task should look like the markings on the right.

Completed task 22216VIC – Certificate II in Building and Construction (Carpentry) Copyright LAPtek Pty. Ltd. Page 46. VU20971 – Carpentry Hand Tools

GRINDING AND SHARPENING WOODWORK CHISELS

Sharpening a chisel using a power grinder The cutting edge of a woodwork chisel can be sharpened with a power grinding wheel on a bench grinder, followed by honing to achieve the final sharp edge on a sharpening stone. Sharpening a chisel using a grinder Honing the chisel

Sharpening a chisel using a Tormek wet grinder Sharpening with a water lubricated bench grinder. The Tormek wet grinder has a grinding wheel on one side and a honing leather wheel on the other side.

Tormek wet grinder

Grinding Grinding is the process of restoring the cutting angle to a chisel using a grinder.

Chisel after grinding

Honing Honing is the process of producing a razor sharp edge using an oil stone or a powered leather wheel.

Chisel after honing

22216VIC – Certificate II in Building and Construction (Carpentry) Copyright LAPtek Pty. Ltd. VU20971 – Carpentry Hand Tools Page 47.

TORMEK WET GRINDER

The Tormek wet grinder operates with very slow revolutions and has a grinding wheel on one side and a leather lined honing wheel on the other.

Using a Tormek grinder to grind a chisel

DO’S DONT’S  Always handle and store wheels in a careful  Do not use the machine without water in the manner. tank.  Visually inspect all wheels before mounting.  Do not tighten the mounting nut excessively.  Fill water tank and run machine until cutting  Do dot set up the tool to be sharpened on the stone is impregnated with water. wrong side of the cutting wheel.  Keep water in tank to full mark.  Do not jam work into the wheel.  Set up chisel/plane blade on machine jig for  Do not grind material for which the wheel is correct bevel. not designed.  Set up the tool to be sharpened on the correct  Do not hone a chisel/plane blade with the side of the cutting wheel leather honing wheel turning towards the tool.  Hone a chisel/plane blade with the leather honing wheel turning away from the blade.  Do not leave the cutting wheel immersed in the water tank when not in use.  Always lower the water tank from the cutting wheel when not in use.  Wear hair nets to cover long hair.

TASK 13: GRIND AND HONE A WOOD WORKING CHISEL Observe your instructor’s demonstration on how to use a Tormek wet grinder then grind a chisel to restore a square cutting edge, with the correct angle. Hone the chisel edge sharp and burr free, to razor sharp. Insert a picture of your chisel below.

Ask your instructor to check your chisel Copyright LAPtek Pty. Ltd. 22216VIC – Certificate II in Building and Construction (Carpentry) Page 58. VU20971 – Carpentry Hand Tools

Step 5 Fit the cut skirting against the off cut to form a 90° angle. Nail the internal corner skirting scribe into your 90° corner with 4/30mm bullet head nails to each side. Punch all nails below the surface.

Fit the skirting

CUT AND FIT OTHER MOULDINGS TO THE 90° CORNER

Step 6 Cut and fit an external and internal scribe mitre with the moldings listed below.

Material:  Colonial skirting 2/65 x 19 x 600mm colonial skirting.  Bull nose quad 2/19 x 19 x 600mm bull nose quad.  Scotia molding 2/32 x 32 x 600mm scotia molding.

Colonial molding Bull nose quad molding Scotia molding

Place a picture of your completed internal and external moldings below.

Show the completed work to your instructor, so he can check your work.

22216VIC – Certificate II in Building and Construction (Carpentry) Copyright LAPtek Pty. Ltd. VU20971 – Carpentry Hand Tools Page 103.

Student Learning Guide & Record DATE INSTRUCTOR’S TASK PAGE NAME COMPLETED SIGNATURE Assessment 1 22 Measuring and marking

Assessment 2 23 Use a try square and a combination square

Assessment 3 25 Use a marking gauge

Assessment 4 26 Mark parallel lines without a marking gauge

Assessment 5 28 Use an adjustable bevel

Assessment 6 29 Use a chalk line

Assessment 7 31 Identify holding tools

Assessment 8 33 Build a mitre box

Assessment 9 41 Summarise cutting tools

Assessment 10 42 Use a panel-saw to cut six even blocks

Assessment 11 42 Use a cross cut saw to rip timber for a lintel

Assessment 12 45 Reflection – Chiselling tools

Assessment 13 47 Grind and hone a wood working chisel

Assessment 14 48 Mark and cut a through housing joint Use a chisel to remove waste from a Assessment 15 49 housing joint Mark and cut an architrave mitre using a Assessment 16 51 panel saw Cut a practice mitre and build a 90° corner Assessment 17 52 using a panel saw Cut the mitre on the mitre box using a Assessment 18 54 panel saw Cut a skirting mitre-external corner using Assessment 19 55 the mitre box Assessment 20 56 Cut out a ply template

Assessment 21 56 Cut an internal corner skirting scribe

Assessment 22 60 Explain the precautions for using a jigsaw

Assessment 23 60 Cut a curved line and a hole using a jigsaw

Assessment 24 62 Cut out the float handle with a jig saw

Assessment 25 64 Setting out a gauge rod

Assessment 26 66 Identify a variety of nails

Assessment 27 66 Make a stopped halving joint

Assessment 28 68 Make a stopped mortise joint

Assessment 29 70 Make a through mortise joint

Copyright LAPtek Pty. Ltd. 22216VIC – Certificate II in Building and Construction (Carpentry) Page 104. VU20971 – Carpentry Hand Tools

DATE INSTRUCTOR’S TASK PAGE NAME COMPLETED SIGNATURE Assessment 30 71 Fit butt hinges

Assessment 31 73 Build a door frame and hinge a door

Assessment 32 76 Sharpen a plane blade

Assessment 33 77 Planing timber to size

Assessment 34 78 Shape a point on one end

Assessment 35 79 Plane a chamfer

Assessment 36 80 Finish the float handle

Assessment 37 82 Summarise hand sanding

Assessment 38 85 Identify a variety of drill bits

Assessment 39 85 Assemble the wood float

Assessment 40 86 Bore and chisel a through mortise

Assessment 41 88 Drill a hole with a hole saw

Assessment 42 90 Set out and cut the legs to fit the saw horse

Assessment 43 91 Set out and cut housings for the leg

Assessment 44 94 Prepare leg braces

Assessment 45 95 Drill and fit legs to the saw horse top Fix the braces to the legs and cut them off Assessment 46 96 flush

Assessment 47 98 Plane end grain

Set out the length of the legs and cut them Assessment 48 99 off Investigate Australian standards related to Assessment 49 101 carpentry

22216VIC – Certificate II in Building and Construction (Carpentry) Copyright LAPtek Pty. Ltd.