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Editor/Rédacteur en chef Publisher/Éditeur © Copyright 2018 Andrew Kerr Geological Association of Canada Geological Association of Canada/ Department of Earth Sciences c/o Department of Earth Sciences L’Association géologique du Canada Memorial University Memorial University of Newfoundland Except Copyright Her Majesty the Queen St. John's, NL, Canada, A1B 3X5 St. John’s, NL, Canada, A1B 3X5 in right of Canada 2018 where noted. E-mail: [email protected] Tel: (709) 864-7660 All rights reserved/ Fax: (709) 864-2532 Tous droits réservés Managing Editor/directrice de rédaction [email protected] Print Edition: ISSN 0315-0941 Cindy Murphy [email protected] Online Edition: ISSN 1911-4850 E-mail: [email protected] www.gac.ca Volume 45 Publications Director/Directrice de publications A journal published quarterly by the Geological Association of Canada, incorporating Karen Dawe the Proceedings. Geological Association of Canada Une revue trimestrielle publiée par l’Association géologique du Canada et qui en diffuse St. John’s, NL, Canada, A1B 3X5 les actes. Tel: (709) 864-2151 E-mail: [email protected] Subscriptions: Receiving four issues of Geoscience Canada per year for $50 is one of the benefits of being a GAC member. To obtain institutional subscriptions, please Copy Editors/Rédacteurs copie contact Érudit: www.erudit.org Stephen Amor, Lawson Dickson, Rob Raeside, Paul Robinson Abonnement: Recevoir quatre numéros par année pour 50,00 $ du magazine Geo- science est l’un des avantages réservés aux membres de l’AGC. Pour les abon- Associate Editors/Rédacteurs associés nements institutionnels, s'il vous plaît contacter Érudit: www.erudit.org Sandy Cruden, Fran Haidl Jim Hibbard, John Hinchey Photocopying: The Geological Association of Canada grants permission to individual Stephen Johnston, Fraser Keppie scientists to make photocopies of one or more items from this journal for non-commer- cial purposes advancing science or education, including classroom use. Other individ- Assistant Editors/Directeurs adjoints uals wishing to copy items from this journal must obtain a copying licence from Access Columnist: Paul F. Hoffman Copyright (Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency), 1 Yonge Street, Suite 1900, Toron- - The Tooth of Time to, Ontario M5E 1E5, phone (416) 868-1620. This permission does not extend to other Outreach: Pierre Verpaelst (Québec) kinds of copying such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional Beth Halfkenny (Ontario) purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. Send permission requests to Godfrey Nowlan (Prairies) Geoscience Canada, at the Geological Association of Canada (address above). Eileen van der Flier-Keller (BC) Sarah Laxton (North) La photocopie: L’Association géologique du Canada permet à tout scientifique, de Professional Affairs for Geoscientists: reprographier une ou des parties du présent périodique, pour ses besoins, à condition Oliver Bonham que ce soit dans un but non-commercial, pour l’avancement de la science ou pour des buts éducatifs, y compris l’usage en classe. Toute autre personne désirant utiliser des Views from Industry: Elisabeth Kosters reproductions du présent périodique doit préalablement obtenir une licence à cet effet Series: d’Access Copyright (Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency), 1 Yonge Street, suite Andrew Hynes Series: Tectonic Processes: 1900, Toronto, Ontario M5E 1E5, Tél.: (416) 868-1620. L’autorisation susmentionnée Stephen Johnston, Brendan Murphy and exclut toute autre reproduction, telle la reproduction pour fins de distribution générale, Boswell Wing de publicité ou de promotion, pour la création de nouveaux travaux collectifs ou pour la Classic Rock Tours: Andrew Kerr revente. Faites parvenir vos demandes d’autorisation à Geoscience Canada, au soin Climate and Energy: Andrew Miall de l’Association géologique du Canada (voir l’adresse indiquée ci-dessus). Economic Geology Models: David Lentz and Elizabeth Turner Those wishing to submit material for publication in Geoscience Canada should Geology and Wine refer to the Instructions to Authors on the journal's website, Geoscience Medallist: Andrew Kerr www.geosciencecanada.ca Great Canadian Lagerstätten: David Rudkin and Graham Young AUTHORS PLEASE NOTE: Great Mining Camps of Canada: Please use the web address http://journals.hil.unb.ca/index.php/GC/index for sub- Stephen McCutcheon missions; please do not submit articles directly to the editor. Heritage Stone: Dolores Pereira and Brian R. Pratt The Mission of the Geological Association of Canada is to facilitate the scientific well- Igneous Rock Associations: Jaroslav Dostal being and professional development of its members, the learned discussion of geo- Modern Analytical Facilities: Keith Dewing, science in Canada, and the advancement, dissemination and wise use of geosciences Robert Linnen and Chris R.M. McFarlane in public, professional and academic life. Articles in Geoscience Canada are freely Remote Predictive Mapping: available one year after their publication date, unless authors have arranged for imme- Jeff Harris and Tim Webster diate open access. Opinions expressed and interpretations presented are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the editors, publishers and other contrib- Illustrator/Ilustrateur utors. Your comments are welcome. Peter I. Russell, Waterloo ON Cover Image: The Canadian icebreaker Louis St. Laurent and the Swedish icebreaker Translator/Traductrice Oden, near the North Pole in 2016. The GSC helped to lead this international scientific sur- Evelise Bourlon, Laggan, NS vey expedition to this remote region. Lebel (this issue) discusses the past and future of the GSC, which marked its 175th birthday in 2017. Photo credit: Asa Lindgen. Typesetter/Typographe Bev Strickland, St. John’s NL GEOSCIENCE CANADA Volume 45 2018 111 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS Sustainable Resources for Generations: The I personally think this is a brilliant definition, but it is not always followed literally. In particular, with all the politics and Challenges and Some of the Contradictions lobbying that arises around any Natural Resources develop- ment, we tend to forget that the approach must include both Stephen R. Morison present needs and anticipated future needs. In this article, I will put forward some perspectives on Sustainability as a principle, SRM Consulting Ltd. and its linkages with Geoscience. These include some things 212 Rockmount Place, Nanaimo that are obvious and self-evident, but also others that may not British Columbia, V9T 4H5, Canada come to mind so readily. These perspectives are personal, but E-mail: [email protected] they come from much experience with the challenges involved in advancing the responsible development of natural PREAMBLE resources, particularly in northern Canada. It is probable that The Resources for Generations (RFG) Conference of 2018 not all involved in this sector will agree fully with some of my was an important new venture for Canada’s diverse Earth Sci- opinions, and I acknowledge that some represent rather specif- ences and Natural Resources sectors, and I am delighted that ic concerns and/or interests, but they are put forward with the GAC played an important role in its development and success- intent of generating some debate, which I think all will agree ful implementation. I am equally delighted to have delivered is needed. I will start the article with some divergent views the Geological Association of Canada’s Presidential Address from several GAC Past Presidents, and then focus on the state for 2018 at RFG to my colleagues, friends, mentors and hope- and sustainability performance of the minerals industry (as it fully also to future leaders who I have yet to meet. It has been relates to current practices), and conclude with some perspec- an honour to be GAC’s President for the past year and I hope tives on the role of Geoscience in this goal of providing that all who attended the conference had a great experience at “Resources for Future Generations,” while also respecting and this multidisciplinary gathering. When I started working on preserving our precious natural environments. RFG 2018 with Dr. John Thompson (RFG Chair), he said something that has stuck with me ever since: ABOUT ‘RESOURCES FOR GENERATIONS 2018’ – WHAT DID IT INCLUDE? “I believe conferences like RFG have the potential to fundamen- RFG 2018 was one of the first international conferences in tally change how we develop our natural resources.” Canada “dedicated to the availability and delivery of resources to sustain future generations.” (John Thompson, Letter of Invitation from I naturally agreed with John quickly on this general point, the Chair, RFG 2018 Steering Committee). RFG 2018 had six but as I became more involved in the planning of the confer- major themes – Energy, Minerals, Water, Earth, Resources for ence the more I came to understand what he meant, and the Society, and Education. These are all critical components for more I believed this vision to be true. As usual, John was a step sustaining our current standard of living and for the future ahead of me! In this article, based loosely on the verbal address well-being of our children. In Canada, we find ourselves in a of June 18, 2018, I will try to address an important theme from situation where knowledge, technology, science and engineer- the conference, i.e. the question of “Resources for Future ing are increasingly integrated and capable of providing inno- Generations.” This theme speaks not only to the science that vative solutions for sustainable
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