Implicit Geomodelling of the Merensky and UG2 Reefs of the Bushveld Complex from Open-Source Data: Implications for the Complex’S Structural History
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South African Palaeo-Scientists the Names Listed Below Are Just Some of South Africa’S Excellent Researchers Who Are Working Towards Understanding Our African Origins
2010 African Origins Research MAP_Layout 1 2010/04/15 11:02 AM Page 1 South African Palaeo-scientists The names listed below are just some of South Africa’s excellent researchers who are working towards understanding our African origins. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN (UCT) Dr Thalassa Matthews analyses the Dr Job Kibii focuses PALAEOBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH thousands of tiny teeth and bones of fossil on how fossil hominid Professor Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan is one microfauna to reconstruct palaeoenviron- and non-hominid of only a few specialists in the world who mental and climatic changes on the west faunal communities coast over the last 5 million years. changed over time and African Origins Research studies the microscopic structure of bones of dinosaurs, pterosaurs and mammal-like uses this to reconstruct reptiles in order to interpret various aspects ALBANY MUSEUM, past palaeoenviron- of the biology of extinct animals. GRAHAMSTOWN ments and palaeo- A summary of current research into fossils of animals, plants and early hominids from the beginning of life on Earth to the Middle Stone Age PERMIAN AGE PLANTS ecology. THE HOFMEYR SKULL Dr Rose Prevec studies the “No other country in the world can boast the oldest evidence of life on Earth extending back more than 3 billion years, the oldest multi-cellular animals, the oldest land-living plants, Professor Alan Morris described the Glossopteris flora of South Africa (the PAST HUMAN BEHAVIOUR Hofmeyer skull, a prehistoric, fossilized ancient forests that formed our coal Professor Chris Henshilwood directs the most distant ancestors of dinosaurs, the most complete record of the more than 80 million year ancestry of mammals, and, together with several other African countries, a most remarkable human skull about 36 000 years old deposits) and their end-Permian excavations at Blombos Cave where that corroborates genetic evidence that extinction. -
Mineral Profile
Platinum September 2009 Definition, mineralogy and Pt Pd Rh Ir Ru Os Au nt Atomic 195.08 106.42 102.91 192.22 101.07 190.23 196.97 deposits weight opme vel Atomic Definition and characteristics 78 46 45 77 44 76 79 de number l Platinum (Pt) is one of a group of six chemical elements ra UK collectively referred to as the platinum-group elements Density ne 21.45 12.02 12.41 22.65 12.45 22.61 19.3 (gcm-3) mi (PGE). The other PGE are palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), osmium e Melting bl (Os), rhodium (Rh) and ruthenium (Ru). Reference is also 1769 1554 1960 2443 2310 3050 1064 na point (ºC) ai commonly made to platinum-group metals and to platinum- Electrical st group minerals, both often abbreviated to PGM. In this su resistivity r document we use PGM to refer to platinum-group minerals. 9.85 9.93 4.33 4.71 6.8 8.12 2.15 f o (micro-ohm re cm at 0º C) nt Chemically the PGE are all very similar, but their physical Hardness Ce Minerals 4-4.5 4.75 5.5 6.5 6.5 7 2.5-3 properties vary considerably (Table 1). Platinum, iridium (Mohs) and osmium are the densest known metals, being significantly denser than gold. Platinum and palladium are Table 1 Selected properties of the six platinum-group highly resistant to heat and to corrosion, and are soft and elements (PGE) compared with gold (Au). ductile. Rhodium and iridium are more difficult to work, while ruthenium and osmium are hard, brittle and almost pentlandite, or in PGE-bearing accessory minerals (PGM). -
Timeline of Natural History
Timeline of natural history This timeline of natural history summarizes significant geological and Life timeline Ice Ages biological events from the formation of the 0 — Primates Quater nary Flowers ←Earliest apes Earth to the arrival of modern humans. P Birds h Mammals – Plants Dinosaurs Times are listed in millions of years, or Karo o a n ← Andean Tetrapoda megaanni (Ma). -50 0 — e Arthropods Molluscs r ←Cambrian explosion o ← Cryoge nian Ediacara biota – z ←Earliest animals o ←Earliest plants i Multicellular -1000 — c Contents life ←Sexual reproduction Dating of the Geologic record – P r The earliest Solar System -1500 — o t Precambrian Supereon – e r Eukaryotes Hadean Eon o -2000 — z o Archean Eon i Huron ian – c Eoarchean Era ←Oxygen crisis Paleoarchean Era -2500 — ←Atmospheric oxygen Mesoarchean Era – Photosynthesis Neoarchean Era Pong ola Proterozoic Eon -3000 — A r Paleoproterozoic Era c – h Siderian Period e a Rhyacian Period -3500 — n ←Earliest oxygen Orosirian Period Single-celled – life Statherian Period -4000 — ←Earliest life Mesoproterozoic Era H Calymmian Period a water – d e Ectasian Period a ←Earliest water Stenian Period -4500 — n ←Earth (−4540) (million years ago) Clickable Neoproterozoic Era ( Tonian Period Cryogenian Period Ediacaran Period Phanerozoic Eon Paleozoic Era Cambrian Period Ordovician Period Silurian Period Devonian Period Carboniferous Period Permian Period Mesozoic Era Triassic Period Jurassic Period Cretaceous Period Cenozoic Era Paleogene Period Neogene Period Quaternary Period Etymology of period names References See also External links Dating of the Geologic record The Geologic record is the strata (layers) of rock in the planet's crust and the science of geology is much concerned with the age and origin of all rocks to determine the history and formation of Earth and to understand the forces that have acted upon it. -
Predictability of Pothole Characteristics and Their Spatial Distribution At
79_Chitiyo:Template Journal 12/15/08 11:16 AM Page 733 Predictability of pothole characteristics J o and their spatial distribution at u Rustenburg Platinum Mine r n by G. Chitiyo*, J. Schweitzer*, S. de Waal*, P. Lambert*, and a P. Olgilvie* l P a p Synopsis thermo-chemical erosion of the cumulus floor by new influxes of superheated magma best explains the observed data. e Prediction of pothole characteristics is a challenging task, Partial to complete melting of the cumulate floor occurred in r confronting production geologists at the platinum mines of three phases. The first represents the emplacement of hot the Bushveld Complex. The frequency, distribution, size, magma. This magma, due to turbulent flow and high chemical shape, severity and relationship (FDS3R) of potholes has a and physical potential, aggressively attacks the existing floor huge impact on mine planning and scheduling, and (crystal mush on the magma/floor interface). Regional consequently cost. It is with this in mind that this study was erosion is manifested by large, often coalescing potholes. initiated. During the second phase, when the magma emplacement Quantitative analysis of potholes indicates that pothole process ceased and cooling in situ started, two distinct size (area covered) can be described by two partly periods of pothole formation ensued. The first is related to overlapping lognormal distributions. These are referred to as rapid cooling along the relatively steep part of the Newton Populations A (smaller) and B (larger). The range of Cooling Curve, when Population B potholes nucleated observed pothole sizes conforms to a simple double randomly and grew rapidly with concurrent convective exponential growth model based on Newton’s Cooling Curve. -
Comparison of Extent and Transformation of South Africa's
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by South East Academic Libraries System (SEALS) Research in Action South African Journal of Science 97, May/June 2001 179 remote sensing applications in South Comparison of extent and Africa. This is a hierarchical framework designed to suit South African conditions, transformation of South Africa’s and incorporates known land-cover types that can be identified in a consistent woodland biome from two national and repetitive manner from high- resolution satellite imagery such as Land- databases sat TM and SPOT.The ‘natural’vegetation classes are based on broad, structural M.W. Thompsona*, E.R. Vinka, D.H.K. Fairbanksb,c, A. Ballancea types only, and are not intended to be and C.M. Shackletona,d equivalent to a floristic or ecological vege- tation classification. It is important to understand that a HE RECENT COMPLETION OF THE SOUTH Fairbanks et al.5 combination of both the NLC database’s TAfrican National Land-Cover Database This paper compares the distribution ‘Woodland’ and ‘Thicket, Bushland, and the Vegetation Map of South Africa, and location of woodland and bushveld- Bush-Clump & Tall Fynbos’ land-cover Swaziland and Lesotho, allows for the first type vegetation categories defined within classes were used in the comparison with time a comparison to be made on a national scale between the current and potential the NLC data, and the equivalent the DEAT defined ‘Savanna Biome’. The distribution of ‘natural’ vegetation resources. ‘Savanna Biome’ class defined within the inclusion of the NLC’s ‘Thicket, Bushland This article compares the distribution and DEAT’s ‘VegetationMap’ data. -
Annual Report 2008 T0 2009
Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality MAKHUDUTHAMAGA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY LIMPOPO PROVINCE ANNUAL REPORT 2008/2009 Physical Address: Stand No 1.Next to Jane Furse Plaza Jane Furse 1085 Postal Address: Private Bag x 434 Jane Furse 1085 Email Address: www.makhuduthamaga.gov.za Email Address: [email protected] Telephone Number: (013) 265 1177 Fax Number: (013) 265 1262 / 265 1965/ 265 1760/ 256 1975 Annual Report 2008/9 Page 1 Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality Contents Mayor’s foreword.................................................................................................................................................. 8 Municipal Managers foreword .......................................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 1: Introduction and overview ........................................................................................................ 11 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 11 1.1.1 Overview............................................................................................................................................ 11 1.1.2 Purpose of the Annual Report .................................................................................................... 11 1.1.3 Makhuduthamaga Structure ....................................................................................................... 11 1.1.4 Ward Committees ....................................................................................................................... -
National Forests Act: List of Protected Tree Species
6 No. 37037 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 22 NOVEMBER 2013 GOVERNMENT NOTICES GOEWERMENTSKENNISGEWINGS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES DEPARTEMENT VAN LANDBOU, BOSBOU EN VISSERYE No. 877 22 November 2013 NOTICE OFOF THETHE LISTLIST OFOF PROTECTEDPROTECTED TREE TREE SPECIES SPECIES UNDER UNDER THE THE NATIONAL NATIONAL FORESTS ACT, 19981998 (ACT(ACT NO No. 84 84 OF OF 1998) 1998) By virtue of powers vested in me under Section 15(3) of the National Forests Act, 1998, I, Tina Joemat-Pettersson, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries hereby publish a list of all protected trees belonging to a particular species under Section 12(1) (d) set out in Schedule below. The effect of this declaration is that in terms of Section 15(1) of the National Forests Act, 1998, no person may cut, disturb, damage or destroy any protected tree or possess, collect, remove, transport, export, purchase, sell, donate or in any other manner acquire or dispose of any protected tree or any forest product derived from a protected tree, except under a licence or exemption granted by the Minister to an applicant and subject to such period and conditions as may be stipulated. Contravention of this declaration is regarded as a first category offence that may result in a person who is found guilty of being sentenced to a fine or imprisonment for a period up to three years, or to both a fine and imprisonment. SCHEDULE A / BYLAE A Botanical Name English Other Common Names National Common Afrikaans (A), Northern SothoTree Names (NS),SouthernSotho (S),Number Tswana (T), Venda (V), Xhosa (X), Zulu (Z) Acacia erioloba Camel thorn Kameeldoring (A) / Mogohlo (NS) / 168 Mogotlho (T) Acacia haematoxylon Grey camel thorn Vaalkameeldoring (A) / Mokholo (T) 169 Adansonia digitata Baobab Kremetart (A) /Seboi (NS)/ Mowana 467 (T) Afzelia quanzensis Pod mahogany Peulmahonie (A) / Mutokota (V) / 207 lnkehli (Z) Balanites subsp. -
Sampling and Estimation of Diamond Content in Kimberlite Based on Microdiamonds Johannes Ferreira
Sampling and estimation of diamond content in kimberlite based on microdiamonds Johannes Ferreira To cite this version: Johannes Ferreira. Sampling and estimation of diamond content in kimberlite based on micro- diamonds. Other. Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. English. NNT : 2013ENMP0078. pastel-00982337 HAL Id: pastel-00982337 https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00982337 Submitted on 23 Apr 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. N°: 2009 ENAM XXXX École doctorale n° 398: Géosciences et Ressources Naturelles Doctorat ParisTech T H È S E pour obtenir le grade de docteur délivré par l’École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris Spécialité “ Géostatistique ” présentée et soutenue publiquement par Johannes FERREIRA le 12 décembre 2013 Sampling and Estimation of Diamond Content in Kimberlite based on Microdiamonds Echantillonnage des gisements kimberlitiques à partir de microdiamants. Application à l’estimation des ressources récupérables Directeur de thèse : Christian LANTUÉJOUL Jury T M. Xavier EMERY, Professeur, Université du Chili, Santiago (Chili) Président Mme Christina DOHM, Professeur, Université du Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (Afrique du Sud) Rapporteur H M. Jean-Jacques ROYER, Ingénieur, HDR, E.N.S. Géologie de Nancy Rapporteur M. -
Wooltru Healthcare Fund Optical Network List
WOOLTRU HEALTHCARE FUND OPTICAL NETWORK LIST MPUMALANGA PRACTICE TELEPHONE AREA PRACTICE NAME PHYSICAL ADDRESS CITY OR TOWN NUMBER NUMBER ACORNHOEK 163007 NYATHI ACORNHOEK MEDICAL CENTRE ACORNHOEK 013 7955477 ACORNHOEK 268240 MATHYE SUITE 3 MPHIWE FAMILY TRUST, COMPLEX MAIN ROAD ACORNHOEK 013 7955851 ACORNHOEK 642819 NGOBENI SUITE NO 3, SIMPHIWE COMPLEX ACORNHOEK BADPLAAS 160997 ZULU 330 FAURE STREET BADPLAAS 082 3042640 BARBERTON 98515 TINKHOF SHOP 29 JOCK OF THE BUSHVELD, SHOPPING CENTRE 70 GENERAL, BARBERTON BARBERTON 013 7125696 BARBERTON 296902 MNISI 16 A2 NATAL STREET BARBERTON 082 3954943 BARBERTON 7030789 SHABANGU STAND 102 BARBERTON 079 9034475 BELFAST 144800 NANA 91 BHEKUMUZI MASANGO DRIVE BELFAST 013 2530836 BELFAST 150487 SCHUCK 91 BEKUMUZI MASANGO DRIVE, BELFAST BELFAST 013 2530836 BETHAL 113662 BURGER JERRY VAN ROOYEN BUILDING, 10 LIEBENBERG AVENUE, BETHAL BETHAL 017 6473595 BETHAL 122068 ZONDO 910 COWVILLAGE BETHAL 017 6473588 BETHAL 413569 ZWARTS E J - BETHAL SHOP 7 SPUR CENTRE, 69 KLEIJNHANS STREET, BETHAL BETHAL 017 6472820 BETHAL 7006454 BURGER JERRY VAN ROOYEN BUILDING, 10 LIEBENBERG AVENUE, BETHAL BETHAL 017 6473595 BRONKHORSTSPRUIT 53643 REFILWE OPTOMETRIST SHOP 1F ROXY VILLAGE WALK, CHURCH STREET, BRONKHORSTSPRUIT BRONKHORSTSPRUIT 013 9323511 BRONKHORSTSPRUIT 66095 MASHEGO SHOP 19 SHOPRITE CENTRE, CNR LANHAM & KRUGER STREET, BRONKHORSTSPRUIT BRONKHORSTSPRUIT 013 9321612 BRONKHORSTSPRUIT 301973 FOCUS OPTOMETRIST RIANA PARK, 12 SONNEBLOM ROAD, RIAMARPARK BRONKHORSTSPRUIT 013 9351733 BRONKHORSTSPRUIT 7023766 NALEDI -
Comparative Wood Anatomy of Afromontane and Bushveld Species from Swaziland, Southern Africa
IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 11 (4), 1990: 319-336 COMPARATIVE WOOD ANATOMY OF AFROMONTANE AND BUSHVELD SPECIES FROM SWAZILAND, SOUTHERN AFRICA by J. A. B. Prior 1 and P. E. Gasson 2 1 Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London SW7 2BB, U.K. and 2Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, U.K. Summary The habit, specific gravity and wood anat of the archaeological research, uses all the omy of 43 Afromontane and 50 Bushveld well preserved, qualitative anatomical charac species from Swaziland are compared, using ters apparent in the charred modem samples qualitative features from SEM photographs in an anatomical comparison between the of charred samples. Woods with solitary ves two selected assemblages of trees and shrubs sels, scalariform perforation plates and fibres growing in areas of contrasting floristic com with distinctly bordered pits are more com position. Some of the woods are described in mon in the Afromontane species, whereas Kromhout (1975), others are of little com homocellular rays and prismatic crystals of mercial importance and have not previously calcium oxalate are more common in woods been investigated. Few ecological trends in from the Bushveld. wood anatomical features have previously Key words: Swaziland, Afromontane, Bush been published for southern Africa. veld, archaeological charcoal, SEM, eco The site of Sibebe Hill in northwest Swazi logical anatomy. land (26° 15' S, 31° 10' E) (Price Williams 1981), lies at an altitude of 1400 m, amidst a Introduction dramatic series of granite domes in the Afro Swaziland, one of the smallest African montane forest belt (White 1978). -
GSA TODAY Conference, P
Vol. 10, No. 2 February 2000 INSIDE • GSA and Subaru, p. 10 • Terrane Accretion Penrose GSA TODAY Conference, p. 11 A Publication of the Geological Society of America • 1999 Presidential Address, p. 24 Continental Growth, Preservation, and Modification in Southern Africa R. W. Carlson, F. R. Boyd, S. B. Shirey, P. E. Janney, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20015, USA, [email protected] T. L. Grove, S. A. Bowring, M. D. Schmitz, J. C. Dann, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA D. R. Bell, J. J. Gurney, S. H. Richardson, M. Tredoux, A. H. Menzies, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa D. G. Pearson, Department of Geological Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK R. J. Hart, Schonland Research Center, University of Witwater- srand, P.O. Box 3, Wits 2050, South Africa A. H. Wilson, Department of Geology, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa D. Moser, Geology and Geophysics Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0111, USA ABSTRACT To understand the origin, modification, and preserva- tion of continents on Earth, a multidisciplinary study is examining the crust and upper mantle of southern Africa. Xenoliths of the mantle brought to the surface by kimber- lites show that the mantle beneath the Archean Kaapvaal Figure 2. Bouguer gravity image (courtesy of South African Council for Geosciences) craton is mostly melt-depleted peridotite with melt extrac- across Vredefort impact structure, South Africa. Color scale is in relative units repre- senting total gravity variation of 90 mgal across area of figure. -
EMLM-Water and Sanitation Sectoral Plan
ELIAS MOTSOALEDI LOCAL MUNICIPALITY WATER AND SANITATION SECTORAL PLAN 2007/2008 i PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS ...............................................................iv KEY TERMS.........................................................................................................v VISION, MISSION AND GOALS ..........................................................................1 1. Background..................................................................................................2 1.1 Overview.................................................................................................2 2. Purpose of Water and Sanitation Sectoral Plan (WSSP) ..........................3 2.1 Link to IDP and WSDP ...........................................................................5 3. Setting the Scene.........................................................................................7 3.1 Demographics.........................................................................................7 3.2 Socio-economic perspective...................................................................9 4. Institutional Arrangements .........................................................................9 5. Water Services Customer .........................................................................14 5.1 Level of Services ..................................................................................14 Water ...........................................................................................................14