Natural and Agricultural Sciences Annual Report 2011

Natural and Agricultural Sciences Annual Report 2011 Contact Details Dean Prof Neil Heideman +27 (0)51 401 2322 [email protected]

Vice-Dean Prof. Corli Witthuhn +27 (0) 51 4013855 [email protected]

Faculty Manager Mr Johan Kruger +27 (0)51 401 2409 Issued by [email protected] Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Marketing Manager University of the Free State Ms Elfrieda Lotter Editorial Compilation +27 (0)51 4012531 [email protected] Betta van Huyssteen Physical Address Language Revision Room 9A, Biology Building, Main Campus, Bloemfontein Betta van Huyssteen Stella Mcgill Postal Address Revision of Bibliographical Data University of the Free State PO Box 339 Mercia Coetzee Bloemfontein Design, Layout South Africa 9300 Chrysalis Advertising & Publishing Fax: +27 (0)51 401 3728 Printing E-mail: [email protected] Oranje Drukkery • Printers Faculty website: www.ufs.ac.za/natagri Table of Contents

Preface 5 Research Clusters 6 Agricultural Sciences 13 Agricultural Economics 14 Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences 20 Plant Sciences 30 Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences 40

Building Sciences 49 Architecture 50 Quantity Surveying and Construction Management 56 Urban and Regional Planning 62

Natural Sciences 67 Chemistry 68 Computer Science and Informatics 86 Consumer Science 94 Genetics 100 Geography 108 Geology 116 Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science 126 Mathematics and Applied Mathematics 132 Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology 136 Physics 150 Zoology and Entomology 164

Centres 177 Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa (DiMTEC) 178 Environmental Management 186 Lengau Agricultural Development Centre 196 Microscopy 202 Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development and Extension 208

Experimental Farm 215 Paradys 216

Institute 223 Groundwater Studies 224

Workshops 231 Electronics 232 Instrumentation 238

Statistical Data 243 Students 244 Research 246 Glossary 249 Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences

4 Message from the Dean Preface Message from the Dean

Cutting edge research culminating in exciting prospects for new technologies, scholarly leadership in compelling national issues, exciting discoveries, prestigious international research awards and highly sophisticated new state-of-the-art equipment again characterized the achievements of our faculty in 2011.

The uncovering of new insights for drug development using nanotechnology made world headlines and opened up an exciting new area for scientific exploration while the discovery of a multi-cellular organism (a nematode worm) at the greatest depth below the earth’s surface ever recorded was greeted with much excitement by the research community. The studying of seasonal movements, migration routes and behavioural patterns in giraffes using GPS equipped collars was also a world first. Significant new discoveries were made with regard to the identification of wheat and barley genotypes having genetic resistance to leaf and stem rust. And work on a model eukaryote showed that its epigenome was adjusted to reflect a general state of transcriptional repression during quiescence, a fundamentally important finding. While numerous Annual Report 2011 prestigious awards were once again conferred on several staff members, a particularly special one was the African 5 Union Kwame Nkrumah Scientific Award for research advancing socio-economic development on the continent which was won by one of our leading female researchers. We also have to extend a word of gratitude to our numerous Prof. NJL Heideman collaborators, both nationally and internationally, whose involvement in our work makes it possible for staff and students to achieve more and also helps us to continually rand Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer as deepen our academic rigor. Our students also again excelled an addition to our highly sophisticated nanotechnological in various ways, winning awards for architectural creativity, research equipment, a further significant stride forward in being recognized for presenting outstanding papers on this area of research. their research at international conferences, and winning It is therefore once again my pleasure to present to you prestigious bursaries to continue with their higher degrees. our 2011 Annual Report and extending my sincere gratitude Special mention also has to be made of the outstanding to the staff and students for their selfless commitment to successes achieved by our foundation programmes academic excellence and further raising the stature of our which offer students with potential the opportunity to faculty and the university. perform themselves into our degree programmes. Finally, without state-of-the-art equipment research leadership is Prof. NJL Heideman impossible which makes the acquisition of a multi-million Dean, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences 6

Strategic Academic Clusters Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Academic Clusters Academic Clusters Strategic Strategic Strategic Academic Cluster: Advanced Biomolecular Research

The Advanced Biomolecular Research Cluster had a full and spectrometers and 2DGE apparatus in the Facility for successful year in 2011. There was a significant increase Genomics and Proteomics were also heavily used by research in activity in all focus areas, with the High Throughput groups from the campus and from other universities Biology and Bioinformatics focus areas experiencing a large and industry for protein identification and quantitative growth in the number of projects. The inter-faculty multi- proteomics. This included a project with the Water Research disciplinary philosophy was also expanded with the cluster Commission making use of the MS instruments for a participating in the annual Research Day of the Faculty of national reconnaissance study on the presence of emerging Health Sciences, with the identification of many possible contaminants such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals in collaborative activities. drinking water in South Africa.

The major achievements of the ABR cluster within the The Bioinformatics focus area was also very active, with a Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences include the project simulating the effect of post-translation modifications investigation of the post-translational modification of the of the core histone N-terminal extensions on the secondary Annual Report 2011 structures of these extensions being completed, which made core histones in the model eukaryote, Saccharomyces 7 cerevisiae, where entry into stationary phase, mimicking use of the High Performance Computing centre at the UFS. a state of senescence of multi-cellular eukaryotes, was Results from this study was presented by Prof. Patterton shown to be accompanied by quantitative deacetylation of at the bi-annual FASEB conference on Epigenetics and histones H3 and H4. This finding showed that the epigenome Chromatin Structure in Colorado, US. This study provided a of this eukaryote was adjusted to reflect a general state of theoretical basis for further experiments on the location of transcriptional repression during quiescence. This study was the N-terminal tails in condensed chromatin, making use of published in BMC Biochemistry (Ngubo et al., 2011). chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry.

The use of mass spectrometry (MS) in the structural In another major achievement, Prof. Derek Litthauer com- elucidation of mega-Dalton multi-unit protein complexes pleted the sequencing of the Thermus scotoductus SA-01 genome, and showed that this species acquired many genes was further expanded with the development of software from other thermophilic micro-organisms. This study was for the analysis of MS/MS spectra for the identification published in the impact 4 BMC Genomics (Gounder et al., 2011). of cross-linked amino acid residues in di-peptides. This approach allows identification of regions of proteins that are In the Advanced Cloning System focus area, Profs J. Albertyn in close spatial proximity, and facilitates questions regarding and M. Smit registered two provisional patents related complex structures at a resolution that lies between that to novel plasmids that can be used for the expression of of X-ray crystallography and cryo-electronmicroscopy. A genes in a number of different yeasts. Profs A. Marston review on this topic was published in the impact 7 Briefing and J. van der Westhuizen were also very active in the Novel in Bioinformatics (Mayne and Patterton, 2011). The mass Drug Discovery focus area and published several papers on 8

Strategic Academic Clusters Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences pursuit ofmulti-disciplinaryscientificexcellence. We lookforwardtoaneven moreactive year in2012 projects andthedevelopment ofmajorfundingapplications. and facilitatesthedevelopment oflargemulti-PIresearch to supportmulti-disciplinaryprojectsinitsfocusareas, in majorfundingapplications.TheABRclustercontinues many ofwhichgeneratedpreliminarydatathatwasused Cluster seedfundingallowed several newprojectstostart, responses associatedwithdiseasedstatesinhumans. the environment,andwhichareinvolved inmanycellular transduction pathways,systemsthatallow cellstoreact (Marston, 2011).Proteinkinasesareinvolved inmanysignal natural productsinCurrentTopics inMedicinalChemistry isolation ofproteinkinaseinhibitorsandactivatorsfrom African plants.Prof.Marstonalsopublishedareviewonthe pharmacologically active compoundsisolatedfromSouth state-of-the-art equipmentforsurface characterizationis anisms and‘updown’ conversion phosphors.Forthis, cent material,degradationmechanisms, luminescentmech- The researchfocusesonsurfacecharacterization, lumines- B.F. Dejene]. (leader), J.J.Terblans, O.M.Ntwaeaborwa, R.E.Kroon,and Solid StateLuminescentandAdvanced Materials[H.C.Swart achievements for2011isgiven below. Petrochemicals andPolymers. A brief summaryofthe into threesub-thrusts,i.e.,Nanosolidstatematerials, The mainresearchfocusoftheMNSClusterisdivided Materials andNanosciences Strategic Academic Cluster: Dr Anke Wilhelm-Mouton Mr DuToit Schabort Prof. AndrewMarston Prof. JanvanderWesthuizen Prof. FelicityBurt Dr BotmaVisser Dr LindaSpies Prof. PaulGrobler Dr CharleneBoucher Prof. DerekLitthauer Prof. MartieSmit Prof. Koos Albertyn Dr DirkOpperman Dr GabréKemp Prof. HughPatterton Participating staff Catalysis In thePetrochemicals thrust,thefocusisonHomogeneous studies areinprogress.Examplesof outputsaregiven below. group, 6M.Sc.studentsfinished their studiesand9Ph.D. conferences. Therewere 3 postdoctoralassociatesinthe proceedings; 22localconferencesand45international published intheinternationalliterature;18conference The outputsfromtheSwartgroupincluded20papers nm resolution). nm resolution),XPS-Versaprobe, andaNanoTOF SIMS(<100 utilized, installedover thepast3years, i.e.,NanoSAM(5-10 and ReactionMechanisms[A.Roodt(Leader), H.G. Visser, G. Steyl, and J.A. Venter] and Heterogeneous Catalysis [J.C. Swarts (Leader), J. Conradie, E. Erasmus, E. Fourie and E. Langner].

The Roodt group investigates the conversion of low-cost feedstocks to value added chemicals and aim to develop new catalysts which speeds up reactions (for example more than 10000 times: example shown to the right, for the substitution of coordinated methanol from a rhenium(I) metal complex). Another focus is on the nanomaterials as radiopharmaceuticals, and study of very fast (millisecond timescale), cryo, high-pressure and infrared kinetics, supplementing these with X-ray crystallography and Multi- Nuclear NMR.

The Swarts group explores oxidation catalysts from platinum, silver, palladium, rhodium and phthalo-cyanines (complex The substitution planar electron-rich groups) supported on two-dimensional of coordinated methanol from a materials and zeolites, and the surface action thereof as well rhenium(I) metal as in solution utilising electrochemical, kinetic and thermal complex. analysis. A highlight was the successful use of silver on a two dimensional support to oxidise alcohols.

There were eight students directly funded during 2011, but 15 were directly associated with the cluster. The two groups produced 20 publications in the international literature, and 23 conference presentations under the broad theme of the MNS Cluster. Examples of the best outputs are given below.

In the Polymers thrust, with A.S. Luyt (leader) & colleagues/ postgraduate students (shown right; from left) Motshabi Sibeko, Sibusiso Ndlovu, Tshwafo Motaung, Teboho Mokhena, Thabang Mokhothu, Jonas Mochane, the focus is on the preparation and characterization of polymer-wax blends to be used as phase-change materials for energy storage, polymer-natural fibre composites and polymer nanocomposites. New materials are produced from the blending & mixing of polymeric; composite materials & fillers (especially natural fibres) inclusion of nano-sized particles into different matrices, modifying the physical properties of polymers & composites. The Luyt group produced 14 Annual Report 2011 publications and 20 conference contributions during 2011. 9 The MNS Cluster produced in total 54 papers in the international M.Sc. student Chris Joubert adjusting the reduction oven prior to measurements literature and more than 60 presentations at conferences. Research outputs Research articles Conradie, J. & Swarts, J.C. 2011. Relationship between electrochemical potentials and substitution reaction rates of ferrocene-containing -diketonatorhodium(I) complexes; Cytotoxicity of [Rh(FcCOCHCOPh)(cod)]. Dalton Transactions 40: 5844-5851.

Gusowski, M.A., Swart, H.C., Karlsson, L.S., Trzebiatowska- 3+ Gusowska, M. 2011. NaYF4:Pr Nanocrystals Displaying Photon Cascade Emission. Nanoscale 4(2): 541-546.

Roodt, A., Visser, H.G. & Brink, A. 2011. Structure/reactivity relationships and mechanisms from X-ray data and spectro- scopic kinetic analysis. Crystallography Reviews 17: 241-280. A.S. Luyt (leader) & colleagues/ postgraduate students 10

Strategic Academic Clusters Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Invited lecturedelivered atthe1 chemical reactionmechanismforphosphordegradation. Ntwaeaborwa, O.M.2011.Electronstimulatedsurface Swart, H.C.,Terblans, J.J.,Nagpure,I.M.,PitaleS.S.& Johannesburg, SouthAfrica.16-21January. Chemistry (FASC) Congress,University oftheWitwatersrand, Roodt, A.2011.Crossingfromthe3 Conference contributions Within thecontextofentomology, Prof.SchalkLouwandMr environment by meansof traditionalornewtechnologies. and/or manipulatedtothebenefit ofcropsandthe environment andhow these constraintscanbemanaged by biologicalandphysicochemical constraintsintheir gain agreaterunderstandingofhow plantsareinfluenced In thisFA, researchersfromvarious disciplinesstrive to Production Technologies forManaging CropEnvironments. The majorityofprojectsfundedin2011resortedunderFA 1: in theclusterisgroupedintothreeFocusAreas(FA). Research conductedby investigators fromvariousdisciplines relevant tosustainablecropproductioninSouthAfrica. significant amountofnewinformationandtechnologies During 2011,projectsfundedby theclusteryieldeda delivered atthe40 Relevance ofKineticStudies.Invitedkeynote lecture Convention andthe3 Advanced Materials,JinanCity,Shandong,China.13-16May. Technologies forSustainableCrop Industries inSemi-AridRegions th SouthAfricanChemicalInstitute(SACI) rd FederationofAfricanSocieties st InternationalCongresson rd tothe4 Strategic Academic Cluster: th Dimension: Center, China.9-11August. Discovery Chemistry,BeijingInternationalConvention International ConferenceofMedichem2011:MasterDrug Main Campus)andA.S.Luyt(Chemistry:QwaQwa Focus arealeaders:H.C.Swart(Physics),J.C.Swarts(Chemistry: Interim ClusterCoordinator:ProfsA.Roodt(Chemistry) Participating staff played acrucialrolein establishinganewDNA-based Dr Visser,incollaborationwith Prof.Wijnand Swart,also aspects ofdefencesignallinginwheat. valuable work ofDrBotma Visserwhoinvestigated various rust. Molecularwheatresearchwas alsoboostedby the barley genotypeshavinggeneticresistancetoleafandstem discoveries withregardtotheidentificationofwheat and Prof. ZakkiePretorius.Hisresearchyieldedsignificantnew well served by theCerealRustResearchprogrammeof The disciplineofplantpathology,ingeneral,wasespecially of nutcropsinsemi-aridregions. arthropod trophicstructuresandtheinsect-fungalecology in termsofunderstandingthedynamicsinvolved insoil Vaughn Swart,respectively, madesignificantbreakthroughs Properties. Invitedlecturedelivered attheBIT’s2 Complexes areGoverned by StructuralandElectrochemical Swarts, J.C.2011.TheCytotoxicity ofFerrocene-Containing nd Annual technique for studying microbial communities in soil. Prof. Prof. Maryke Labushagne made a significant contribution to Neal McLaren made significant strides in determining the the improvement of wheat quality by selecting appropriate epidemiological value of resistance to principle soil-borne polymeric and monomeric protein fractions in South African sorghum and soybean diseases in South Africa. wheat cultivars using Size Exclusion High Performance Liquid Chromatography (SE-HPLC). In FA 3: Technologies for Adding In terms of agronomy, Dr James Allemann conducted a Value to and Improving Crop Product Quality, research is valuable contribution in terms of understanding allelopathy directed towards increasing food and non-food product and its significance to crop production. In the discipline of quality and safety, from the raw material to the consumer soil science, Prof. Chris du Preez made new discoveries (including animal feed). Dr Maryna de Wit portrayed the relating to the effect of land use on soil and water quality food quality potential of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) while Dr Piet le Roux was successful in establishing digital in terms of carbohydrate, seed oil and anti-oxidant content. soil mapping as a crucial technology for southern Africa. In the laboratory of Prof. Arno Hugo, a project to evaluate the In FA 2: Genetic Technologies for Crop Improvement, effect of plant oils as feed additives to improve the health molecular and biotechnological applications are utilised for properties of animal products by increasing the use of high the genetic improvement of traditional crops. The main aim quality plant oils in animal feeds, yielded significant results. of this FA is to increase the nutritional quality of crops as well as to improve crop yield and increase tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. In this regard, Dr A van Biljon made a Participating staff valuable contribution to understanding the nutritional value Director: Prof. Wijnand Swart of new South African sweet potato breeding lines developed Focus Area Leaders: Profs Z.A. Pretorius, M.T. Labuschagne for the needs of resource-poor farmers. and A. Hugo.

Strategic Academic Cluster: Water Management in Water-Scarce Areas

Annual Report 2011 11

The Strategic Cluster Water Management in Water-Scarce is essentially different from that where water is abundant. Areas aims to carry out research and develop associated Unfortunately most of Southern Africa is a water-scarce teaching in the management of the scarce water resource area. Therefore, the Strategic Academic Water Cluster is in its physical, ecological, social and economic aspects. In structured to create a powerful intellectual cohesion among essence, the Cluster gives attention to the risks attendant researchers with the potential to develop self-sustaining on the availability of the water resource in its natural and critical mass in key areas of national, regional or international utilisable states. Water management in water scarce areas relevance to water management in water-scarce areas. 12

Strategic Academic Clusters Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences contribution tothebodyofknowledge inthefield. In addition,Water Clustermembersmadeasignificant Chancellor PrestigeScholarshipAward: 2011. Africa –2011aswell astheUniversity oftheFreeState,Vice Economics AssociationofSouthAfricaheldinPretoria, paper atthe50thAnnualConferenceofAgricultural Association ofSouthAfrica(AEASA)awardforbestpresented Abiodun Ogundejireceived theAgriculturalEconomics articles invariousscientificjournals. Louw, DepartmentofAgricultureEconomics)published Sciences) andAbiodunOgundeji(Studyleader:Prof.Daan Leon vanRensburg,DepartmentofSoil,CropandClimate and ClimateSciences),MussieZerizghy(Studyleader:Prof. leader: Prof.LeonvanRensburg,DepartmentofSoil,Crop Soil, CropandClimateSciences),SabeloMavimbelo(Study Johan vanTol (Studyleader:DrPietleRoux,Departmentof Rensburg, DepartmentofSoil,CropandClimateSciences), Rykie vanderWesthuizen (Studyleader:Prof.Leonvan holders in2011 Research outputsforbursary Orange River andtheimpactsofclimatechange. and implications,efficientuseofwaterthestate as theroleofwaterinfoodsecurity,microbialmonitoring delivering congresspapersandaddressedkey issuessuch of speakers, rangingfromseasonedspeakers tostudents role ofwater infoodsecurity.Therewasanexcellent array by theWater ClusterduringJune2011,withthethemeThe The ThirdOrangeRiver BasinSymposiumwaspresented (IRWH) surfacestructureonevaporation. Zerizghy, M.G.Influenceofthein-fieldrainwater harvesting Van Tol, J.Soilbasedcharacterizationofhillslopehydrology. cucumbers grown hydroponically incoir. supply rateandtranspirationefficienciesoftomato Van derWesthuizen, R.Quantificationofthemediumwater rounding area. the palaeo-Kimberley,palaeo-ModderRivers andthesur- Van Aardt,A.Avegetation andenvironmentanalysisof Central Karoo, SouthAfrica. and relatedcatchmentcommunitiesoftheGroenRiver, Van Rensburg,D.Aphytosociologicalstudyoftheriparian wetland andcatchment,south-easternLesotho. Seiphethlo, L.AphytosociologicalstudyoftheLetsie Ceres, Western Cape,SouthAfrica. adapting by theagricultureandwater resourcesectorin of climatechangeimpactsandthebenefitscosts Ogundeji, AbiodunQuantificationoftheeconomicvalue (IRWH) withmicrofloodirrigation. Mavimbela, S.Mergingofinfieldrainwater harvesting Energy Balance. Kudinha, M.LeafWetness Measuringtechniquesusingthe growth ofobligatehydrophytic vegetation. Fourie, H.Theinfluenceofdegreewater saturationonthe Okavango River, Botswana. associated communitiesofthepanhandlesection Botha, G.Aphytosociologicalstudyoftheriparianand Research topicsfor2011 Departments in the Agricultural Sciences 14

Department of Agriccultural Economics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences 50 The 2011annualconferenceofAEASAcommemoratedits Special achievements the industry. and analysisofmarkets forgingastrongrelationshipwith Emphasis isalsoplacedonmanagement,strategicplanning and marketing issuesinSouthernAfricaandinternationally. theoretical training,linked tocurrentagriculturaleconomics is toprovide studentsinAgriculturalEconomicswiththe The purposeoftheDepartmentAgriculturalEconomics Overview research associates from the Department of Geography. research associatesfromtheDepartment ofGeography. Economics, andHermanBooysen andGawieDuToit deVilliers, Ogundeji andGielViljoenfromthe Department ofAgricultural A casestudyofSoweto onSea.Theauthorswere Abiodun on planninganddealingwithflood disastersinSouthAfrica: the bestcontributedpaper,titled:Impactofclimatechange Department ofAgriculturalEconomicswon firstprizefor – 2011afoundationforthenext50years. Colleaguesinthe current agriculturaleconomicsandmarketing issuesin th anniversary, withtheconferencetheme:AEASA1961 Economics withthetheoreticaltraining,linked to Agricultural Economics Economics istoprovide studentsinAgricultural “The purposeoftheDepartmentAgricultural southern Africaandinternationally.” Department of department tocelebrateits50 This ispartoftheAgriBursaryProject, introducedby the Senwes, Suidwes-Landbou andVKB. donors during2011.Amongstthe donorswere GWK,OVK, The departmenthadvariousinteractions withbursary Activities emerging farmersalsotookplace. commercial farmersandagribusinesses,whiletrainingfor A numberofstrategicmarket workshops were heldwith Department delivered sixpeerreviewed papers. congress wasalsoattendedinNewZealand,wherethe The IFMA(InternationalFarmManagementAssociation) Virginia Tech intheUSAandachieved very goodmarks. Three studentstookpartintheexchange programmewith tutor by theFacultyofNaturalandAgriculturalSciences. same conference.RiskadeKlerkwasvoted thesecondbest Manfred Venter won thefirstprizeforbestposterat – Prof.JohanWillemse th anniversary. Thepurpose is 01 16

Department of Agriccultural Economics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences The departmentreceiv agri-businesses, whoaretheirdonors. The 18 of researchregardingtheirown studies. presentations andaddresstheaudienceondifferentsubjects assistants; wheretheyaregrantedtheopportunitytodo presented by LEKForum,iscompulsoryforallstudents/ with practicalclasses.TheattendanceofFridayseminars, research work, tutoringoffirstyear studentsandassisting and studyleaders,invariousways.Theywere involved in and theyassistedthelecturers,whoactedastheirmentors Eleven studentswere appointedasassistantresearchers assist in strategic planning for agribusiness. assist instrategicplanningforagribusiness. keynote addresses toindustryforumsandconferences Prof. JohanWillemsewasalsoinvited todeliver anumberof Dirk Strydom andtheyhave becomearegularonthecalendar. interaction takingplace.Safexworkshops arepresentedby Mr from allover thecountryattendtheseworkshops withlively agri businesseswithsponsorshipfromNedbank.Farmers by Prof.JohanWillemseandarewell attendedby farmersand Quarterly agriculturaloutlookworkshops areheldoncampus attended theconferenceand6paperswere presented. from 20-25March2011.Five lecturersfromthedepartment Association conferencewasheldinMethven, NewZealand and gainexperienceduringthevacations,working atthe to assistourbeststudentsincreatingopportunities were grantedseveral bursariesby differentagribusinesses. Prof. JohanWillemse th bi-annual(IFMA)InternationalFarmManagement ed numerousbursaryapplicationsand and farmlevel). deregulation ofagriculturalmarkets (policy as well asextensive experienceonthe market andpriceanalysisforagribusiness as well asinprivateconsultingonstrategic southern Africa,invariousseniorpositions, experience incommercialagriculture Prof. JohanWillemsehasextensive industry to work are also an important part of departmental research. are alsoanimportantpartofdepartmentalresearch. Ongoing researchprojectsfortheWater ResearchCommission and 5M.Com.AgriculturalEconomicstudentsintotal. students, 3B.Com.AgriculturalEconomicsHonoursstudents student, 1M.Agric4Ph.D.AgriculturalEconomics students, 19M.Sc.Agric1(mini) were 9B.Sc.AgricHonoursstudents,5B.Agric. Graduates fromtheDepartmentofAgriculturalEconomics a practicalvisittotheArlingtonFarmer’s Organisationand Ms LizeMorris,lecturerinAgricultural Economicsfacilitated University- USA,apartner schooloftheUFS. of bookstotheFreeStateschools fromMississippiState component. SAFEFEfacilitatedabook donationofhundreds concepts, amathematicscomponentandlanguage four lessonsforteachers.Eachlessonconsistsofeconomic Department ofEducationanddistributedtoschools.Ithas Material wasdeveloped andapproved by theNational cation (sponsoredby Absa)trained137153learnersfor2011. SAFEFE togetherwiththeMpumalangaDepartmentofEdu- Economics, completedtwo majorprojectsfor2011. Sciences, supportedby theDepartmentofAgricultural Education (SAFEFE),theFacultyofNaturalandAgricultural The SouthAfricanFoundationforEconomicandFinancial Community service Prof. Johan Willemse (Chairperson of the Department of Agricultural Economics), Ms Roxanne Porter (John Deere), Assistant Researcher Karabo Takadi, Ms Carol de Pol (John Deere) and Mr Moses Maine (VKB) at the information day/ brunch on 2 September 2011.

Delegates at the 18th International Farm Management Conference Gala Dinner in Methven, New Zealand. From left: Janus Henning, Frikkie Maré, Ms Linda Olsen and Prof. Kent Olsen Olsen, Ms Lize Morris and Prof. Johan Willemse

OVK for 30 students and 4 personnel members. Farmers Annual Report 2011 explained the A to Z of farming, stud farming and crop farming. A dairy farm with 700 cows was visited and 17 students were also introduced to precision farming with a GPS system. A sheep farm with a flock of 1 000 sheep where the farmer used an Anatolian sheep dog to herd the flock, was visited. The visit also included a chicken farm where 35 000 chickens are housed. This was part of an ongoing process to expose students to practical commercial farming.

The department is also involved with a number of research projects, in conjunction with industry organizations, ranging from the potato industry to the maize industry, as well as the livestock and dairy industries. Work was also done on Farmer Lecturer Lize Morris and students from the Department of Agricultural Economics on their farm visit to Arlington in September 2011. Controlled Businesses and in assisting farmers in forming business groups.

Staff contributed approximately 80 popular scientific Staff matters articles to a wide range of magazines and newspapers on After a career of 34 years Prof. Klopper Oosthuizen retired at agricultural economic issues. This includes regular columns the end of 2011. A former student of Prof. Oosthuizen, Prof. in Landbouweeklblad, SA KOOP, SA Groenteboer, Veeplaas, Bennie Grové, is now a senior lecturer in the department. Dr Food & Beverage, SA Grain, Beeld, Die Burger and Volksblad. Kit le Clus also retired at the end of 2011. 18

Department of Agriccultural Economics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences years, Diep-in-die-Berg,Pretoria,SouthAfrica.28-30September. South Africa(AEASA).AEASA1961–2011:Afoundationforthe next50 Annual ConferenceoftheAgricultural EconomicsAssociationof Agrekon 50(3):90-108. volatility incoffeepricesalongtheEthiopian coffeevaluechain. Worako, T., Jordaan, H. &Van Schalkwyk,H.D. 50(2): 44-58. approach tomodelingbeefsupplyresponseinSouthAfrica Ogundeji, A.A.,Jooste,A.&Oyewumi, O. 2011. Agricultural Research6(6):1500-1507. and mediumenterprise(SMMEs)inSouthAfrica. capacities requiredfortheperformanceoffarmingsmall,micro H.D., Gundidza,M.&Maiwashe,A.N.2011.Evaluationofessential Mmbengwa, V.M., Ramukumba,T., Groenewald,J.A.,Van Schalkwyk, case studyfromSouthAfrica.PresicionAgriculture11(5):448-463. Impact ofvariable-rateapplicationnitrogenonyieldandprofit:A Maine, N.,Nell,W.T., Alemu,Z.G.&Louwenberg-De Boer,J. International JournalofAgriculturalManagement1(1):18-23. stars andproblemchildrenoftheSouthAfricanagriculturalsector. Joubert, J.,Jooste,A.&Lotriet,R.2011.Thecashcows, dogs, irrigation farming.Water SA37(5):789-796. Grové, B.2011.Reviewofwhole-farmeconomicmodelingfor the Ethiopiancoffeemarket. Agrekon 50(2): 27-43. Alemu, Z.G.&Worak, O.T. 2011. Research articles farmers inThaba‘Nchu,FreeState.Paperpresentedatthe49 harvesting forcropproductionamong resource poorsmallholder Participation inlandtransfermarkets andtheadoption ofrainwater Baiphethi, M.N.,Viljoen,M.F., Kundhlande,G.&Ralehlolo,N.G. Conference contributions Pricetransmissionandadjustmentin 2011.Investigating An errorcorrection African Journalof . Agrekon 2011. 2011. Research Outputs th

of theSouthAfricanmarket. Proceedingsofthe18 consider alongtermfeedlotinresponse tolow maizeprices:Thecase Maré, F.A., Nell,W.T. &Willemse,B.J.2011.Shouldmaizefarmers Canterbury, NewZealand.20-25March. pp.488-495. Thriving inaGlobalMarket: Innovation, Co-operationandLeadership, of the18 the NguniasanindigenousbeefbreedinSouthAfrica Maré, F.A. &Willemse, B.J.2011.Strategicmarketing plantopromote Leadership, Canterbury,NewZealand.20-25March. Congress: ThrivinginaGlobalMarket: Innovation, Co-operationand South Africa.Proceedingsofthe18 financial ratiobenchmarkingsystemforGWKDistrictfarmersin Henning, J.I.F., Strydom, D.B.&Willemse,B.J. Palace, Johannesburg,SouthAfrica.31August–1September. Commission (WRC)40-Year CelebrationConference,Emperor’s economics. PaperpresentedattheSouthAfricanWater Research S. 2011.Agriculturenon-pointsourcepollution:modelingand Du Preez,C.C.,Matthews,N.,Van derLaan,M.,LeRoux,J.&Lyons, Gorgens, A.,Grové, B.,Annandale,J.,Lorentz,S.,Jovanovich, N., presented atthe18 and problemchildrenoftheSouthAfricanAgriculturalsector Joubert, J.,Jooste,A.&Lotriet,R.2011.Thecashcows, dogs,stars 20-25 March.pp.347-356. Innovation, Co-operationandLeadership, Canterbury,NewZealand. Management AssociationCongress:ThrivinginaGlobalMarket: precision agriculture(PA). Proceedingsofthe18 grain responsetophosphorusvariation ondifferentsoiltypesunder Hough, E.,Nell,W.T., Maine,N.&Groenewald,J.A. pp. 366-379. operation andLeadership,Canterbury,NewZealand.20-25March. Association Congress:ThrivinginaGlobalMarket: Innovation, Co- th InternationalFarmManagementAssociationCongress: Department ofAgriculturalEconomics th InternationalFarmManagementAssociation th InternationalFarmManagement 2011.Developing a th InternationalFarm 2011.Winter th . Proceedings International . Paper Ogundeji, A.A., Viljoen, M.F., Booysen, H. & De Villiers, G. 2011. Impact of climate change on planning and dealing with flood disasters in South Africa: A case study of Soweto on Sea. Paper presented at the 49th Annual Conference of the Agricultural Economics Association of South Africa (AEASA). AEASA 1961 – 2011: A foundation for the next 50 years, Diep-in-die-Berg, Pretoria, South Africa. 28-30 September. Pienaar, A. & Nell, W.T. 2011. The main thing is to keep to the main thing: The main thing - Optimal productivity. Paper presented at the 18th International Farm Management Association Congress: Thriving in a Global Market: Innovation, Co-operation and Leadership, Canterbury, New Zealand. 20-25 March. Strydom, D.B. & Terblanche, L. 2011. Reduction of transaction cost within the South African potato processing industry. Paper presented at the 21st Annual World Forum and Symposium of the International Food and Agribusiness Management Association (IFAMA), Frankfurt, Germany. 20-23 June. Strydom, D.B. & Van Niekerk, H.N. 2011. Evaluation of transaction costs within the Eastern Free State potato industry. Paper presented at the 49th Annual Conference of the Agricultural Economics Association of South Africa (AEASA). AEASA 1961 – 2011: A foundation for the next 50 years, Diep-in-die-Berg, Pretoria, South Africa. 28- 30 September. Strydom, D.B., Grové, B., Henning, J.I.F. & Willemse, B.J. 2011. Evaluation of basic white maize pricing strategies vs. spot market pricing strategies. Proceedings of the 18th International Farm Management Association Congress: Thriving in a Global Market: Farm Management Association Congress: Thriving in a Global Market: Innovation, Co-operation and Leadership, Canterbury, New Zealand. Innovation, Co-operation and Leadership, Canterbury, New Zealand. 20-25 March. pp. 467-476. 20-25 March. pp. 287-296. Terblanche, L. & Willemse, B.J. 2011. Developing a framework in order Mokhatla, P.Z. & Nell, W.T. 2011. Agribusiness Excellence Model: to assist producers in forming an alliance as part of their competitive Performance measurement and shareholder linkage tool. Paper strategy in the potato industry. Proceedings of the 18th International presented at the 18th International Farm Management Association Farm Management Association Congress: Thriving in a Global Market: Congress: Thriving in a Global Market: Innovation, Co-operation and Innovation, Co-operation and Leadership, Canterbury, New Zealand. Leadership, Canterbury, New Zealand. 20-25 March. 20-25 March. pp. 172-180.

Contact details Staff Annual Report 2011 19 Prof. Johan Willemse Professors: Profs Johan Willemse, Bennie Grové Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Extraordinary Professor: Dr Kit le Clus Department of Agricultural Economics Associate Professors: Profs André Jooste, Zerihun Alemu Office 1.105 Agriculture Building Lecturers: Messrs Henry Jordaan, Dirk Strydom, Frikkie Maré, Janus University of the Free State Henning, Abiodun Ogundeji, Petso Mokhatla, Walter van Niekerk and Ms Bloemfontein Lize Morris, Ms Nicky Matthews South Africa Support Staff: Mss Louise Hoffman, Ina Combrinck, Chrisna van der 9301 Merwe and Marie Engelbrecht

Telephone: +27 51 401 2824 / 3862 Professional Officer: Ms Annely Minnaar Fax: +27 51 401 3473 Research Assistants: Jo-Ann Bergman, Coenraad Badenhorst, Nompilo E-mail: [email protected] Mgabi, Kobus Bruwer, Sifundo Mhlati, Mbali Nyembe, Siba Mywabeni, Website: www.ufs.ac.za/agri-econ W.A. Lombard, Gaope Ngakantsi, Olebogeng Mojanaga, Phoka Nkhuoa, Rechtus Steyn, Manfred Venter, Gunther Griessel, Tsegofatse Maele, Yondela Mahlathi 20

Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences nationally andinternationallyby several ofthedepartment’s degrees intherespective disciplines. Thecontributionsmade M.Sc. Agricstudentsand1Ph.D.attained theirpostgraduate So forexamplein2011atotalof18 B.Sc.Honoursstudents,2 pride andmuchemphasisisplaced onacademicexcellence. products (students)generatedby thisdepartmentareour a pivotal roleintheindustryandcommunities.The and GrasslandScienceswithitshighlevel ofexpertiseplays To addressthesedemandstheDepartment ofAnimal,Wildlife South Africaareever increasing. preferences, thechallengesfacinganimalproducerin With acontinuingchangingenvironmentandindividual of sustainablequalityanimalproductionisensured. and theaccelerationofgeneticprogress-maintenance feed sources,theimprovement ofreproductionefficiency use ofthenaturalresources,utilisationalternative By focussingonthedifferentdisciplinesandefficient – whetheritberegardingresearchorcommunityservice. animal productionandwildlifeindustrylocallynationally was onceagainprominentandmadeitspresencefeltinthe The DepartmentofAnimal,WildlifeandGrasslandSciences Overview “Sustainable livestock productionisseenasasolution to upliftingtheruralsmallscalecommunities.” Animal, Wildlifeand Grassland Sciences Department of bio-fuel onfarms. This modelisbeingusedtomake anestimateofavailable to alsoestimatethewood componentofthewoody plants. With thismodelitispossible,inaddition totheleafbiomass, Nico SmitcompletedtheBECVOL 3treequantificationmodel. graduate studentinGrasslandScience.FurthermoreProf. and alsotheattainmentofawardasbestpost- degree inWildlifeby astaffmember,Dr.BeanélriJanecke, AhighlightintheDepartmentwasattainingofaPh.D. of thegiraffeisafirst,worldwide. routes andbehavioralpatternsaremonitored.Thiscollaring systems) equippedcollars,seasonalmovements, migration the aidofsatellitetechnologyandGPS(globalpositioning the giraffe–aspeciessomewhatneglectedinpast.With Mr FrancoisDeaconisdoingground-breakingresearchon Special achievements Grassland Sciencesenjoys. the standingthatDepartmentofAnimal,Wildlifeand experts atfarmersdays,workshops andcongresses,reflects – Prof.JohanGreyling 02 22

Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Afgri feeds,Nutrifeeds,Voermol Feeds,HineRuhr (Foss Pharmaceuticals, Meadow Feeds,SupremeChickens, Wool Grower’s Association(NWGA),SAStudbook,Pfizer and Elsenburgtheprivatesector, includingtheNational Agricultural ResearchCouncil(ARC) atIrene,Grootfontein and supplyingproducts.Theseincludeinstitutionslike the of makingdataavailable,helpingwithresearchfacilities Several otherinstitutionshave alsocontributedinthe form the mainfunderoflivestock, wildlifeandpastureresearch. The NationalResearchFoundationassuch,stillremains small scalecattlefarmers. have beeninvested inthisprojecttohelpuplifttherural poor benefitting theruralsmallscalefarmers.Millionsofrand and FreeStateprovinces, isanexampleofongoingproject training offarmersinaNguniprojecttheNorthernCape Corporation) andtheUniversity oftheFreeStatein Department ofAgriculture,theIDC(IndustrialDevelopment The collaborationandco-operationbetween theNational international collaboration National and Animal healthstaysanimportantaspectofanimalproduction. Prof. JohanGreyling breeding insheep,goatsandcattle. reproduction physiologyandcontrolled societies. Hisareaofexpertiseliesin He isalsoamemberofseveral scientific journals, researchreportsandpresentations. publications innationalandinternational of some100scientificandpopular Prof. JohanGreylingisauthorandco-author predator controlandthetrainingofextensionofficers. State Government (Prof.HOdeWaal) onsubjectsrelatingto meeting inGrootfontein.(Prof.JohanGreyling)andtheFree presented attheNorthernCapeNWGAtheirannualgeneral Norway (September,2011).Invitedguestlectureswere International CongressofAnimalBreedinginStavanger, Neser andJapievanWyk)alsomadepresentationsatthe Animal ScienceinStellenbosch.Two lecturers(ProfsFrikkie had presentationsattheannualSouthAfricanSocietyfor Regarding thedisciplineofAnimalScience,9lecturers research associateoftheGiraffeConservationFoundation. in Namibia(June,2011)MrFrancoisDeaconwaselecteda students. AttheInternationalGiraffeCongressatEtosha (October, 2011),togetherwith12postgraduateWildlife International WildlifeRanchingSymposiuminKimberley Dr BeanélriJanecke andMrFrancoisDeaconattendedan the GrasslandSociety,heldinMiddelburg,Cape(July,2011). and GrasslandSciencesfor2011included thefollowing: The researchhighlightsintheDepartment ofAnimal,Wildlife Research Snyman received anawardatthe46 Furthermore astudentofProfsChrisduPreezandHennie 2011) duringwhich13congresspresentationswere made. International RangelandCongressinRosario,Argentina(April for example4oftheGrasslandSciencegroupattendedIX symposia were attendedby membersinthedepartment.So During 2011several nationalandinternationalcongresses the standingofdepartmentinindustryandacademia. Physiology, ARC,Irene).Thiscanbeseenasanindicationof Breeding, ARC,Irene)andProf.LuckyNedambale(Animal Erasmus (AnimalBreeding),Prof.MichielScholtz Prof. AmieAucamp(GrasslandScience;NWGA),Gert Prof. A.Van derZijpp(ProductionSystems;TheNetherlands), Extraordinary affiliatedwiththedepartment,theseinclude stock breedsocieties.Therearecurrentlyfive Professors Station, Taurus CattleAIStationandseveral smallandlarge Organisation, RamsemArtificialInsemination(AI)SmallStock instruments), CapeMohairandWool, theNationalLucerne th AnnualCongressof A giraffe with a GPS collar for the project of Mr Deacon. A giraffe being immobilised for the project of Mr Deacon.

In the Wildlife discipline, a formal memorandum of under- alternative feed (drought) source, in both sheep and cattle standing was undertaken with the Northern Cape Department diets is gaining more and more momentum. Under the of Environment and Nature Conservation regarding a joint leadership of Prof. HO de Waal this unique source of feed is research project in 2011. The title of the research project being evaluated in terms of intake, palatability, digestibility being “An ecological planning of the Doornkloof Nature and growth performance in the animals. As an introduction Reserve, Northern Cape” (Prof. Nico Smit). it can be said that the arid and semi-arid conditions in South Africa present great potential for cactus pear production, The Centre of Environmental Management at the University of the Free State was approached by the Sishen Iron Ore especially as a livestock feed. The demands on scarce water Company, a subsidiary of Kumba Resources, to conduct an resources for human consumption and the effects of climate ecological survey on the newly developed Kolomela mine change have necessitated this development of alternative near Postmasburg in the Northern Cape. Problem areas that animal feed sources, specifically crops that are more efficient arise from the open-cast mining include soil removal, dust consumers of water. It applies especially to the southern and the de-watering of the underground water reservoirs. African subcontinent. Although cactus pears are present in As part of this larger project, Grassland Scientists of the these areas, varieties of spineless Opuntia ficus-indica have Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences were a large production potential for further development. Several involved with the main component of the vegetation survey. studies have been completed at the University of the Free Survey plots were identified and marked and the actual State and the programme has now entered a phase where surveys were conducted from March 2011. A final report was the results are being commercialized. Three provincial submitted during November 2011. Based on the quality of Annual Report 2011 this report the contract was extended for another 4 years, to conduct the bio-monitoring on the survey plots. 23

Furthermore Dr Beanélri Janecke is currently doing research in determining the nitrogen content in the faeces of the giraffe and impala in an area where evergreen trees are available as a source of nutrition. This is then compared to areas where deciduous trees are the main source of nutrition. Prof. Hennie Snyman of Grassland Science is involved with research regarding the “slangbos” (Seriphuim phemosum) plant, which is encroaching the productive natural pastures. His latest observations have identified a rust fungus (Endophyllum elytropappi) that kills the bushes on a large scale. Chemical or physical eradication is also effective in destroying the bush. Farmers are kept informed regarding the cheapest and most effective methods of controlling this epidemic.

When it comes to Animal Science and more specifically the discipline of Animal Nutrition, research linked to using sun- dried cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) cladodes as an Slangbos encroachment. 24

Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences with thestudbreedersocieties.In this discipline,MrMike Fair sheep andcattle.Muchofthework isdoneinco-operation environment (GXE)interactionsand performancetestingin Japie vanWykarealsoinvolved inassessingthegenotypex and theperformanceoffarmanimals. ProfsFrikkieNeserand while alsodeterminingthecorrelationsbetween certaintraits on theestablishmentofbreedingvalueestimations(EBVs), In thedisciplineofAnimalBreeding,focushasremained on quality,especiallyproteincontent)inthenearfuture. part ofagradingsystemtobeintroducedforlucerne(based reliability ofdifferentlucernehaysamplingapparatus–all Scholtz isactively involved ininvestigating theaccuracyand oxidative characteristicsofthelambcarcass.DrGerrie acid saturationlevels onfattyacidcompositionandthe bioflavonoid antioxidant andfatsourcesdifferinginfatty is investigating theeffectsofdietaryinclusiona at thesheepfeedlotindustry(MrOckert Einkamerer).He A spin-offoffattyacidsupplementationisbeingdirected transfer ofcertainaspectstotheoffspring. spermatogenesis, hatchabilityoftheeggsandpossible characteristics. Thisuseoffattyacidshasbeenexpandedto by utilizingdietarylipidsourceswithomega-3-6and-9 the eventual product(eggandbroilermeat)development, Current researchonpoultrynitrogenutilizationfocuses supplementation ontheperformanceofbroilersandlayers. Witt andOckert Einkamererhave evaluatednutritional Still inthefieldofAnimalNutrition,MessrsFochde State, LimpopoandNorthernCapeProvinces ofSouthAfrica. different stagesofplanningandimplementation,intheFree research anddevelopmental activitiesareunderwayandin Students busywithapoultryproject. Fruit producingcactuspear(Opuntiaficus-indica)orchardintheFreeStateProvince ofSouthAfrica. Johan GreylingandHennieSnyman intheVoermol Sheep National BlackandWhiteStudFarmer oftheyear andProfs for exampleProf.FrikkieNeserhas beeninvolved withthe competitions, inco-operationwith thelivestock industry.So also beeninvolved inthejudgingofnationallivestock and workshops (AnimalBreeding).Someofthestaffhave in thepresentationofshortcourses(studentsandindustry) In generalmembersofthedepartmenthave beeninvolved Community service different dietaryfattyacidsintheirdiets. also beingevaluated,especiallyfollowing theinclusionof of cockerel semen,withtheaimofcryopreservation is assisted spermanalysis(CASA)system.Thecharacterization Luis SchwalbachandMrBenedictRaito)usingthecomputer also evaluatedinindigenousrams(Prof.JohanGreyling,Dr following fixed-time artificialinsemination(AI).Semenwas efficiency ofsynchronizationandultimatelyconceptionrate, blood profiles.Thiswasdoneinanefforttoincreasethe in heifersandcows, whilemonitoringtheprogesterone (Prof. JohanGreyling),usingdifferentdosesofprogestagen A studywasdoneonthesynchronizationofbeefcattle (IVF) toinvitroculture(IVC) andeventually embryo transfer. inspiration, invitromaturation(IVM),fertilization perfect variousinvitrotechniquesinvolved –fromoocyte sheep andcattle(MrBenedictRaito).Herethequestisto embryo production(IVEP)hasbeenaddressedinboth Lastly inAnimalPhysiology,thetechniqueofvitro modeling offemaleostricheswasinvestigated. has concludedauniquestudyinwhichtheenvironmental and Cattle Farmer of the year competitions. Several of the of the source, and (iii) the bush encroachment problem on academic staff also serve on the editorial boards of scientific the farms can be reduced by selectively harvesting the journals (local and abroad), whilst also being actively involved surplus problem woody plants and in doing so increase grass in the reviewing of scientific manuscripts for the journals. production and potential animal production.

The BECVOL 3-model has since been used to do an estimate A community service flagship in the department remains of the available bio-fuel on farms surrounding the Ulco the Nguni project (Northern Cape and Free State) led by Prof. cement mine in the Northern Cape. The Ulco cement mine is HO de Waal and his team (Mr Willie Combrinck and Dr Luis reliant on coal as a fuel source for its cement manufacturing Schwalbach). They have made drastic strides in the training process. In recent times this has become a concern due to and empowerment of black cattle farmers. The impact of this the cost of transporting of the coal (mainly by road from project (100 farmers), more than 400 head of Nguni cattle in Mpumalanga), and also due to environmental considerations the Northern Cape), cannot be underestimated. This project

(high emission of CO2 to the atmosphere and the issue of is a combined effort of the UFS, the Industrial Development carbon credits). At the same time many farms in the savanna Corporation (IDC) and Provincial Department of Agriculture. areas of the Northern Cape suffer from bush encroachment, especially by Acasia mellifera (black-thorn). A proposal was subsequently formulated to utilize the wood of these Staff matters problem woody species (mainly A. mellifera), harvested on It was with a sense of disbelief that the department had farms within a 20 km radius of the Ulco mine - to be used to bid farewell to a beloved colleague and friend, Dr Luis in the form of wood chips as partial replacement of the coal Schwalbach, when he and his wife Cristina were tragically as a fuel source. The rationale of this operation is three killed in a car accident on the 9th October 2011. His fold: (i) the wood chips represent a bio-fuel that will reduce spontaneous nature, insight and innovative way of thinking carbon emissions during combustion, compared to coal (ii) it will be missed by the students, the department and the UFS. is potentially more cost effective due to the close proximity His death is a great loss to all.

Research Outputs Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences

Annual Report 2011 25

Research articles Deacon, F. & Smit, G.N. 2011. The diet selection, habitat preferences Greyling, J.P.C. 2011. Beheerde teling deur middel van sinchronisasie and spatial ecology of relocated giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) in the en KI by vleisbeeste. Ons Eie 46(1): 54-56. Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. Giraffa 5(1): 14-15. Janecke, B.B. & Smit, G.N. 2011. Phenology of woody plants in riverine Du Toit, G.V.N., Snyman, H.A. & Malan, P.J. 2011. Physical impact of thicket and its impact on browse availability to game species. African sheep grazing on arid Karoo subshrub/grass rangeland, South Africa. Journal of Range & Forage Science 28(3): 139-148. South African Journal of Animal Science 41(3): 280-287. Lehloenya, K., Mahoete, N., Greyling, J.P.C. & Nedambale, T. 2011. Fair, M.D., Van Wyk, J.B. & Cloete, S. 2011. Parameter estimates for Effect of breed and frozen thawed ram semen on in vitro fertilization reproductive output and product quality traits of ostrich females within and ovine embryonic development. Reproduction Fertility and breeding seasons. South African Journal of Animal Science 41(1): 45-56. Development 23(1): 170. 26

Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Management, University oftheFreeState,Bloemfontein,SouthAfrica. Postmasburg. Reportcommissionedby theCentreforEnvironmental monitoring onthepropertyofSishenSouth(Kolomela) mine, Smit, G.N.,JansevanRensburg,G.&Deacon,F. MBB ConsultingServicesSouth(Pty)Ltd,Stellenbosch,Africa. the vicinityofUlcoMine,NorthernCape.Reportcommissionedby the above groundbiomassofwoody plants on representative sitesin Smit, G.N.,JansevanRensburg,G.&Deacon,F. 2011.Estimationof Africa. commissioned by S.Booysen, MushaviGameRanch,Douglas,South planning oftheMushaviGameRanch;districtDouglas. Smit, G.N.,JansevanRensburg,G.&Deacon,F. 2011.Ecological Research reports rain. OVK Nuus13(2):22-23. Snyman, H.A.&Van derWesthuizen, H.2011.Recovering ofveld after of grasses.Veeplaas 23):66-67. Snyman, H.A.&Van derWesthuizen, H.2011.Knowledge oftheking Snyman, H.A.2011.Veld management.Veeplaas 2(3):63-64. Snyman, H.A.2011.Springaspects.Veeplaas 2(8):29. Snyman, H.A.2011.Slangbos.Veeplaas 2(5):25-29. Science 28(2):65-77. Seriphium plumosumtofire.AfricanJournalofRange&Forage Snyman, H.A.2011.Short-termresponseoftheencroachershrub 11(1): 24-27. Snyman, H.A.2011.Rootstudiesinasemi-aridclimate.Grassroots Snyman, H.A.2011.Like asnake atnight(Part2).Veeplaas 2(6):34-35. Snyman, H.A.2011.Like asnake atnight(Part1).Veeplaas 2(5):29-31. Snyman, H.A.2011.Grasslandecosystem.Veeplaas 2(7):23-24. degradation inasemi-aridclimate.Grassroots11(1):14-16. Snyman, H.A.2011.Eco-hydrological changesfollowing grassland 82(2): 107-115. Association/Tydskrif van dieSuid-Afrikaanse Veterinêre Vereniging Province ofSouthAfrica.JournaltheAfricanVeterinary and thecontrolmeasuresusedinRûensareaofWestern Cape der Linde,T.C.D.K. 2011.Asurvey oftheprevalenceblowfly strike Scholtz, A.J.,A.,Cloete,S.,DuToit, E.,Van Wyk,J.B.&Van Animal HealthandProduction44:435-444. from differentNguniecotypesinsouthernMozambique.Tropical F.W.C. 2011.Factorsinfluencingreproductive performanceofcows Maciel, S.A.,Amimo,J.,Martins,M.,Okeyo, A.,Scholtz,M.M.&Neser, Pietermaritzburg: Shuter&ShooterPublishers. pp.163-166. Grade 10Learners’Handbook,editedby W. Moffet.SouthAfrica, Neser, F.W.C. 2011.Pigbreeds.InTop ClassAgriculturalScience: Pietermaritzburg: Shuter&ShooterPublishers. pp.175-179. Grade 10Learners’Handbook,editedby W. Moffet.SouthAfrica, Neser, F.W.C. 2011.Horsebreeds.InTop ClassAgriculturalScience: Pietermaritzburg: Shuter&ShooterPublishers.pp.157-162. Grade 10Learners’Handbook,editedby W. Moffet.SouthAfrica, Neser, F.W.C. 2011.Goatbreeds.InTop ClassAgriculturalScience: Pietermaritzburg: Shuter&ShooterPublishers.pp.133-144. Grade 10Learners’Handbook,editedby W. Moffet.SouthAfrica, classification offarmanimals.InTop ClassAgriculturalScience: Neser, F.W.C. 2011.Generalimportance,economicvalueand Pietermaritzburg: Shuter&ShooterPublishers.pp.180-185. Grade 10Learners’Handbook,editedby W. Moffet.SouthAfrica, Neser, F.W.C. 2011.Gameanimals.InTop ClassAgriculturalScience: Pietermaritzburg: Shuter&ShooterPublishers.pp.145-149. Grade 10Learners’Handbook,editedby W. Moffet.SouthAfrica, Neser, F.W.C. 2011.Cattlebreeds.InTop Class AgriculturalScience: Chapters inbooks 2011.Vegetation Report in theKgalagadiTransfrontierPark. Poster presentedatthe8 and spatialecologyofrelocatedgiraffe (Giraffacamelopardalis) Deacon, F. &Smit,G.N.2011.Thedietselection,habitatpreferences Namibia. 4-8July. Giraffe Indaba:Giraffe,theForgottenMegafauna, EtoshaSafariLodge, delivered atthe8 caffer caffer,Sparrman1779)intheDoornkloofNatureReserve. Paper utilisation, activitypatternsandmanagementofbuffalo( Butler, V.P., Smit,G.N.,Janecke, B.B.&Pienaar,F.C. 2011.Habitat Stellenbosch, SouthAfrica.11-14July. for AnimalScience(SASAS)Congress,StellenboschUniversity, the KgalagadiTransfrontierPark. Poster presentedatthe1 and spatialecologyofrelocatedgiraffe(Giraffacamelopardalis)in Deacon, F. &Smit, G.N.2011.Thedietselection,habitatpreferences offs? ATKV HolidayResort,Hartenbos,SouthAfrica.18-21September. Human-Natural ResourceInterface–ReconcilingConflictingTrade- African WildlifeManagementAssociation(SAWMA) Symposium:The the KgalagadiTransfrontierPark. Poster presentedattheSouthern and spatialecologyofrelocatedgiraffe(Giraffacamelopardalis)in Deacon, F. &Smit, G.N.2011.Thedietselection,habitatpreferences Kimberley, SouthAfrica.6September. Kimberley Biodiversity ResearchSymposium, MokalaNatureReserve, lamb. Poster presentedatthe44 saturation level onfattyacidcompositionandoxidative stabilityof a bioflavonoid antioxidant andfatsources differinginfattyacid Slippers, S.C.&Fair,M.D.2011.Theeffectsofdietaryinclusion Booyens, K.E.,Einkamerer,O.B.,Hugo,A.,Van derMerwe, H.J., Conference contributions in SouthAfrica.Paperdelivered atthe7 Advances towards asystemofcoordinatedpredationmanagement De Waal, H.O.,Van Niekerk, H.,Saffy,Q.&Avenant, N.L. Mokala NatureReserve, Kimberley,SouthAfrica.6September. in theKgalagadiTransfrontierPark. Poster presentedatthe8 and spatialecologyofrelocatedgiraffe(Giraffacamelopardalis) Deacon, F. &Smit,G.N.2011.Thedietselection,habitatpreferences Stellenbosch, SouthAfrica.11-14July. Society forAnimalScience(SASAS)Congress,StellenboschUniversity, Moffet. SouthAfrica,Pietermaritzburg:Shuter&Shooter.pp.26-33. Agricultural Sciences:Grade10Learners’Handbook, Snyman, H.A.2011.Veld (pasture)management.InTop Class Shuter &ShooterPublishers.pp.8-16. Handbook, farming. InTop ClassAgriculturalSciences:Grade10Learners’ Snyman, H.A.2011.Interactionsinecosystemsandecological Africa, Pietermaritzburg:Shuter&Shooter.pp.17-25. Sciences: Grade10Learners’Handbook,editedby W. Moffet. Snyman, H.A.2011.Grazingecology.InTop ClassAgricultural Pietermaritzburg: Shuter&Shooter.pp.200-203. Grade 10Learners’Handbook,editedby W. Moffet.SouthAfrica, Snyman, H.A.2011.Foddercrops.InTop ClassAgriculturalSciences: pp. 1-7. Moffet. SouthAfrica,Pietermaritzburg:Shuter&ShooterPublishers. Agricultural Science:Grade10Learners’Handbook,editedby W. Snyman, H.A.2011.Ecologyandagro-ecology.In Africa, Pietermaritzburg:Shuter&Shooter.pp.34-43. Sciences: Grade10Learners’Handbook,editedby W. Moffet.South Snyman, H.A.2011.BiomesofSouthAfrica.In Pietermaritzburg: Shuter&ShooterPublishers.pp.150-156. Grade 10Learners’Handbook,editedby W. Moffet.SouthAfrica, Neser, F.W.C. 2011.Sheepbreeds.InTop ClassAgriculturalScience: oil inpoultrydiets.Paperpresentedatthe44 M.D. 2011.Anevaluation ofconventional andhigholeicsunflower De Witt,F., Hugo,A.,King,E.J.,Els,S.P., Van derMerwe, H.J.&Fair, Livelihoods andValues, Kimberley,SouthAfrica. 10-14October. Ranching Symposium(IWRS):TheBusinessofConservation–Science, edited by W. Moffet.SouthAfrica,Pietermaritzburg: th KimberleyBiodiversity ResearchSymposium, th BiennialSouthAfricanSociety th th InternationalWildlife BiennialSouthAfrican Top ClassAgricultural editedby W. Top Class Syncerus st 2011. South ‘Wild’ th th

Kimberley Biodiversity Research Symposium, Mokala Nature Reserve, Rangeland Congress (IRC2011): Diverse Rangelands for a Sustainable Kimberley, South Africa. 6 September. Society, Rosario, Argentina. 2-8 April. Deacon, F. & Smit, G.N. 2011. The diet selection, habitat preferences Janse van Rensburg, G. & Snyman, H.A. 2011. The effect of localized and spatial ecology of relocated giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) game concentration on soil organic matter in a semi-arid South in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. Poster presented at the 7th Africa. Poster presented at the IX International Rangeland Congress International Wildlife Ranching Symposium (IWRS): The Business of (IRC2011): Diverse Rangelands for a Sustainable Society, Rosario, Conservation – Science, Livelihoods and Values, Kimberley, South Argentina. 2-8 April. Africa. 10-14 October. King, E.J., De Witt, F., Hugo, A., Van der Merwe, H.J. & Fair, M.D. 2011. Du Plessis, J., Avenant, N. & De Waal, H.O. 2011. Predator-prey Effect of dietary lipid saturation on production performances of interactions involving small mammals, black-backed jackal and layers. Poster presented at the 44th Biennial South African Society caracal: implications for human-wildlife conflict management. for Animal Science (SASAS) Congress, Stellenbosch University, Paper delivered at the 11th African Small Mammal Symposium Stellenbosch, South Africa. 11-14 July. (ASMS): Africa’s Small Mammal Biologists Tackling Africa’s Big King, E.J., Hugo, A., De Witt, F., Van der Merwe, H.J. & Fair, M.D. 2011. Problems, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Swaziland, Effect of dietary fat source on fatty acid profile and lipid oxidation Kwaluseni, Swaziland. 3-8 August. of eggs. Poster presented at the 44th Biennial South African Society Du Plessis, J.J., Avenant, N.L. & De Waal, H.O. 2011. A synthesis of for Animal Science (SASAS) Congress, Stellenbosch University, ecological research on black-backed jackal and caracal: application Stellenbosch, South Africa. 11-14 July. to human-wildlife conflict management in South Africa. Paper Lehloenya, K., Mahoete, N., Greyling, J.P.C. & Nedambale, T. 2011. delivered at the 7th International Wildlife Ranching Symposium Effect of breed and frozen-thawed ram semen on in vitro fertilization (IWRS): The Business of Conservation – Science, Livelihoods and and ovine embryonic development. Poster presented at the 37th Values, Kimberley, South Africa. 10-14 October. Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer Society Du Toit, G.V.N., Malan, P.J. & Snyman, H.A. 2011. Physical impact (IETS): Reproductive Biotechnology at the Interface between Animal of sheep grazing on the arid Nama Karoo rangeland in South Agriculture and Biomedical Research, Wyndham Orlando Resort, Africa. Poster presented at the IX International Rangeland Congress Orlando, Florida, USA. 8-12 January. (IRC2011): Diverse Rangelands for a Sustainable Society, Rosario, Mahoete, N., Lehloenya, K., Schwalbach, L.M.J., Greyling, J.P.C. & Argentina. 2-8 April. Nedambale, T. 2011. Factors affecting in vitro embryo production Du Toit, J., Van Wyk, J.B. & Maiwashe, A. 2011. Assessment of in sheep. Paper delivered at the 44th Biennial South African Society inbreeding depression for functional herd life in the South African for Animal Science (SASAS) Congress, Stellenbosch University, Jersey breed based on inbreeding level and rate of inbreeding. Paper Stellenbosch, South Africa. 11-14 July. delivered at the 44th Biennial South African Society for Animal Science Makae, T., Greyling, J.P.C., Schwalbach, L.M.J. & Raito, M.B. 2011. The (SASAS) Congress, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South effect of exogenous anabolic steroids on the testicular and seminal Africa. 11-14 July. characteristics of Boer goat bucks. Paper delivered at the 44th Engelbrecht, A., Cloete, S., Bunter, K. & Van Wyk, J.B. 2011. Genetic Biennial South African Society for Animal Science (SASAS) Congress, variation and heritability of ostrich weight traits. Paper delivered at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. 11-14 July. the 19th Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics (AAABG), University of Western Australia, Makae, T., Greyling, J.P.C., Schwalbach, L.M.J. & Raito, M.B. 2011. Perth, Australia. 19-21 July. Growth performance and certain body parameters of Boer goat bucks following anabolic steroid treatment. Poster presented at the 44th Engelbrecht, A., Cloete, S., Van Wyk, J.B. & Bunter, K. 2011. Using Biennial South African Society for Animal Science (SASAS) Congress, additive genetic variation to improve ostrich leather and meat Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. 11-14 July. production. Paper delivered at the 44th Biennial South African Society for Animal Science (SASAS) Congress, Stellenbosch University, Malan, P.J. & Snyman, H.A. 2011. Seed germination of the arid land Stellenbosch, South Africa. 11-14 July. shrub, Pentzia incana, along a water and defoliation gradient. Poster presented at the IX International Rangeland Congress (IRC2011): Diverse Grobler, S., Scholtz, M.M., Schwalbach, L.M.J. & Greyling, J.P.C. 2011. Rangelands for a Sustainable Society, Rosario, Argentina. 2-8 April. Effect of synchronisation followed by natural mating on calving data Annual Report 2011 of beef cattle. Paper delivered at the 44th Biennial South African Malan, P.J. & Snyman, H.A. 2011. Stress adaptability of two shrub Society for Animal Science (SASAS) Congress, Stellenbosch University, species in an arid rangeland of South Africa. Poster presented at the 27 Stellenbosch, South Africa. 11-14 July. IX International Rangeland Congress (IRC2011): Diverse Rangelands for a Sustainable Society, Rosario, Argentina. 2-8 April. Hugo, A., Els, S.P., Bothma, C., De Witt, F. & Van der Merwe, H.J. 2011. Effect of different dietary fat sources on fatty acid composition, fat Matebesi, P.A., Cloete, S., Van Wyk, J.B., Olivier, J. & Zishiri, O. 2011. stability and sensory acceptability of chicken breast meat. Poster Genetic parameters for age specific lamb survival and early growth presented at the 57th International Congress of Meat Science and weights in Tygerhoek merino experimental farm. Paper delivered at the Technology (ICoMST): Global Challenges to Production, Processing and 44th Biennial South African Society for Animal Science (SASAS) Congress, Consumption of Meat, Ghent, Belgium. 7-12 August. Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. 11-14 July. Janecke, B.B. & Smit, G.N. 2011. Faecal nitrogen of browsing game Matebesi, P.A., Cloete, S., Van Wyk, J.B., Olivier, J. & Zishiri, O. 2011. species as indicator of nutritional status. Poster presented at Genetic parameters for age specific lamb survival and early growth the Southern African Wildlife Management Association (SAWMA) weights in Tygerhoek merino experimental farm. Poster presented Symposium: The Human-Natural Resource Interface – Reconciling at the 62nd Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Conflicting Trade-offs? ATKV Holiday Resort, Hartenbos, South Africa. Science (EAAP), Stavanger, Norway. 29 August - 2 September. 18-21 September. Matshaba, B., Schwalbach, L.M.J., Mphaphathi, M., Nemes, C., Janecke, B.B., Smit, G.N. & Hayter, D. 2011. Status of game species Ngwane, C., Greyling, J.P.C., Eva, V. & Nedambale, T. 2011. General on private and provincial game reserves in the Free State with special characterization and cryopreservation of South African unimproved reference to exotic and TOPS species. Poster presented at the Southern indigenous goat semen. Poster presented at the 44th Biennial South African Wildlife Management Association (SAWMA) Symposium: The African Society for Animal Science (SASAS) Congress, Stellenbosch Human-Natural Resource Interface – Reconciling Conflicting Trade- University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. 11-14 July. offs? ATKV Holiday Resort, Hartenbos, South Africa. 18-21 September. Matshaba, B., Schwalbach, L.M.J., Mphaphathi, M., Nemes, C., Ngwane, Janse van Rensburg, G. & Snyman, H.A. 2011. Soil degradation C., Greyling, J.P.C., Eva, V. & Nedambale, T. 2011. The efficiency of four and seed bank stability. Poster presented at the IX International different extenders for semen cryopreservation in the unimproved 28

Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences cryopreservation. Poster presentedatthe44 glycerol concentrationsonSouthAfricanindigenousramsemen L.M.J., Greyling,J.P.C. &Nedambale,T. 2011.Theeffectofdifferent Munyai, P.H., Mphaphathi,M.,Ramukhithi,F., Malusi,P., Schwalbach, Congress, StellenboschUniversity, Stellenbosch,SouthAfrica.11-14July. Rosario, Argentina.2-8April. Congress (IRC2011):Diverse RangelandsforaSustainableSociety, southern Africa.Poster presentedattheIXInternational Rangeland plots thinnedtodifferenttreedensities inasemi-aridsavanna of Smit, G.N.2011.Re-encroachmentofColophospermummopaneon Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch,South Africa.11-14July. South AfricanSocietyforAnimalScience(SASAS)Congress, at the44 Semen characterizationofdifferentchicken breeds.Poster presented Mosenene, M.T., Greyling,J.P.C., Schwalbach,L.M.J.&Raito,M.B.2011. Stellenbosch, SouthAfrica.11-14July. Society forAnimalScience(SASAS)Congress,StellenboschUniversity, control ofdamage-causingpredators.Paperdelivered atthe7 Saffy, Q.&DeWaal, H.O.2011.Amethodtoanalysedataonthe Stellenbosch, SouthAfrica.11-14July. for AnimalScience(SASAS)Congress,StellenboschUniversity, Brangus cattle.Poster presentedatthe44 Variance componentestimatesforgrowth traitsinSouthAfrican Neser, F.W.C., Van Wyk,J.B.,Fair,M.D.,Lubout,P. &Crook,B. Stellenbosch, SouthAfrica.11-14July. for AnimalScience(SASAS)Congress,StellenboschUniversity, the 19 traits andyearling productiontraitsinMerinos. Paperdelivered at Linde, T.C.D.K. 2011. Genetic parametersforbreechstrike indicator Scholtz, A.,Cloete,S.,J.,Kruger,Van Wyk,J.B.&Van der Africa. 10-14October. Conservation –Science,Livelihoods andValues, Kimberley,South International WildlifeRanchingSymposium(IWRS):TheBusinessof indigenous SouthAfricangoat.Paperdelivered atthe44 sunflower oilinpoultrydiets.Poster presentedatthe44 & Fair,M.D.2011.Anevaluation ofconventional andhigholeic Scholtz, G.D.J.,Smith,P.S., Van derMerwe, H.J.,Einkamerer, O.B. Perth, Australia.19-21July. Breeding andGenetics(AAABG),University ofWestern Australia, Brangus cattle.Poster presentedatthe62 Variance componentestimatesforgrowth traitsinSouthAfrican Neser, F.W.C., Van Wyk,J.B.,Fair,M.D.,Lubout,P. &Crook,B. Stellenbosch, SouthAfrica.11-14July. Society forAnimalScience(SASAS)Congress,StellenboschUniversity, for AIinchickens. Paperdelivered atthe44 2011. Preliminarystudyontheuseofcryopreserved cockerel semen Mosenene, M.T., Greyling,J.P.C., Raito,M.B.&Schwalbach,L.M.J. Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch,SouthAfrica.11-14July. South AfricanSocietyforAnimalScience(SASAS)Congress, goats. Paperdelivered atthe44 treatment onoestroussynchronisationofSouthAfricanindigenous Lehloenya, K.2011.Effectofbreedanddurationprogestagen Ramukhithi, F., Sutherland,B.,Nedambale,T., Greyling,J.P.C. & University, Stellenbosch,SouthAfrica.11-14July. African SocietyforAnimalScience(SASAS)Congress,Stellenbosch models. Poster presentedatthe44 evaluation ofgrowth traitsinbeefcattleusingrandomregression Neser, F.W.C., Van Wyk,J.B.,Fair,M.D.&Lubout,P. 2011.Genetic Stellenbosch, SouthAfrica.11-14July. Society forAnimalScience(SASAS)Congress,StellenboschUniversity, finishing dietsoflambs.Poster presentedatthe44 G.D.J. &Fair,M.D.2011.Theeffectsofarumenspecificlive yeast in Pienaar, G.,Einkamerer,O.B.,Van derMerwe, H.J.,Hugo,A.,Scholtz, 29 August-2September. European FederationofAnimalScience(EAAP),Stavanger,Norway. th ConferenceoftheAssociationforAdvancement ofAnimal th Biennial South African Society for Animal Science (SASAS) BiennialSouthAfricanSocietyforAnimalScience(SASAS) th th BiennialSouthAfricanSociety BiennialSouthAfricanSociety nd th th th AnnualMeetingofthe BiennialSouthAfrican BiennialSouthAfrican BiennialSouthAfrican th BiennialSouth th th Biennial Biennial Biennial 2011. 2011. th

Congress, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. 11-14 July. Congress, StellenboschUniversity, Stellenbosch,SouthAfrica.11-14July. Africa. Paperdelivered atthe7 predation onasheepenterpriseintheFreeStateProvince, South Strauss, A.,DeWaal, H.O.&Avenant, N.L.2011.Theimpactof South Africa.11-14July. Science (SASAS)Congress,StellenboschUniversity, Stellenbosch, at the44 Crossbreeding heterosisinbeefcattle aridareas.Poster presented Theunissen, A.,Scholtz,M.,Neser,F.W.C. &Macniel,M.2011. Institute, Middelburg,SouthAfrica.11-15July. Management inAfrica,GrootfonteinAgriculturalDevelopment Southern Africa(GSSA):Advancing Rangeland EcologyandPasture presented atthe44 report: ThebreedstructureoftheBrangusinSouthAfrica.Poster Steyn, J.,Neser,F.W.C., Hunlun,C.&Lubout,P. 2011.Preliminary (RPO) FreeStateCongress,Bloemfontein,SouthAfrica.9June. protection. Paperdelivered attheRedmeatProducers’Organization Snyman, H.A.2011.Seriphiumplumosum:theproblemplant-its Argentina. 2-8April. (IRC2011): Diverse RangelandsforaSustainableSociety,Rosario, Africa. Poster presentedattheIXInternationalRangelandCongress evaluation following rangelanddegradationinsemi-aridSouth Snyman, H.A.2011.Seedlingestablishmentandsoilseedbank Rangelands foraSustainableSociety,Rosario,Argentina.2-8April. presented attheIXInternationalRangelandCongress(IRC2011):Diverse following rangelanddegradationinsemi-aridSouthAfrica. Snyman, H.A.2011.Seasonalrootdistributionandroot/shootratios South Africa.22November. Paper delivered attheHeilbronFarmers’UnionWorkshop, Heilbron, Snyman, H.A.2011.Methodtoprotectslangbosencroachment. for aSustainableSociety,Rosario,Argentina.2-8April. the IXInternationalRangelandCongress(IRC2011):Diverse Rangelands rangeland degradationinsemi-aridSouthAfrica.Poster presentedat Snyman, H.A.2011.Ecohydrological andsoilqualitychangesfollowing South Africa.5March. delivered attheFarmersForumResearchSymposium,Arlington, Snyman, H.A.2011.DynamicsofSeriphiumplumosum.Paper Kimberley, SouthAfrica.6September. Kimberley Biodiversity ResearchSymposium,MokalaNatureReserve, the 46 nilotica inNorthernKwaZulu-Natal, SouthAfrica.Poster presentedat Smit, G.N.&Taylor, J.M.2011.ThepopulationdynamicsofAcacia a SustainableSociety,Rosario,Argentina.2-8April. IX InternationalRangelandCongress(IRC2011):Diverse Rangelandsfor catchment areaofLesotho,SouthernAfrica.Poster presentedatthe significance ofChrysocomaciliatawithintheLets’eng-la-Letsie Smit, G.N.&JansevanRensburg,G.2011.Phytomassandecological game ranchesandconservation areas.Paperdelivered atthe8 of asuitabilityindexforthere-introductiongamespecieson Smit, Z.M.,G.N.,DuPreez,P.J. &Pienaar,F.C. Rosario, Argentina.2-8April. Congress (IRC2011):Diverse RangelandsforaSustainableSociety, suggests theydo.Poster presentedattheIXInternationalRangeland help tokeep semi-aridsavannas open?Preliminaryevidence Smit, G.N.,Joubert,D.F., Johannes,M.&Sikongo, I.2011.Dohares South Africa.11-15July. Africa, GrootfonteinAgriculturalDevelopment Institute,Middelburg, (GSSA): Advancing RangelandEcologyandPastureManagementin presented atthe46 quality ofkikuyu-ryegrass pastureinthe southernCape Swanepoel, P.A., Botha,P., DuPreez,C.C.&Snyman,H.A. Livelihoods andValues, Kimberley,SouthAfrica.10-14October. Symposium (IWRS):TheBusinessofConservation–Science, th AnnualCongressoftheGrasslandSocietySouthernAfrica th Biennial South African Society for Animal Science (SASAS) BiennialSouthAfricanSocietyforAnimal Science(SASAS) th th AnnualCongressoftheGrasslandSociety BiennialSouthAfricanSocietyforAnimal th InternationalWildlifeRanching 2011.Development 2011.Soil . Poster Poster th

Van der Westhuizen, H. & Snyman, H.A. 2011. Assessing rangeland International Rangeland Congress (IRC2011): Diverse Rangelands for a condition through a degradation gradient for a semi-arid South Sustainable Society, Rosario, Argentina. 2-8 April. Africa. Poster presented at the IX International Rangeland Congress Van Niekerk, H.N., Taljaard, P.R., Grové, B. & De Waal, H.O. 2011. The (IRC2011): Diverse Rangelands for a Sustainable Society, Rosario, extent and impact of predation on small livestock in South Africa. Argentina. 2-8 April. Paper delivered at the 7th International Wildlife Ranching Symposium Van der Westhuizen, H. & Snyman, H.A. 2011. Grazing capacity (IWRS): The Business of Conservation – Science, Livelihoods and quantification in a semi-arid South Africa. Poster presented at the IX Values, Kimberley, South Africa. 10-14 October.

Contact details Academic staff Annual Report 2011 29 Prof. Johan Greyling Professors: Profs Johan Greyling, Frikkie Neser, Nico Smit, Hennie Department of Animal, Wildlife and Snyman, Japie van Wyk Grassland Sciences Professors Extraordinary: Profs Amie Aucamp, Gert Erasmus, University of the Free State James Hayes, Lucky Nedambale, Michiel Scholtz PO Box 339 Associate Professor: Prof. H.O. de Waal Bloemfontein South Africa Senior Lecturers: Dr Luis Schwalbach, Mr Wikus Vorster (contract) 9300 Lecturers: Dr Gerrie Scholtz, Messrs Foch de Witt, Mike Fair, Paul Malan, Ockert Einkamerer Telephone: +27 51 401 2211 Fax: +27 51 401 2608 Junior Lecturer: Mr Benedict Raito E-mail: [email protected] Researcher: Dr Beanélri Janecke Website: www.ufs.ac.za/animal 30

Department of Plant Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Elizabeth, inNovember. and Technology Foundation’sworkshop onaquaculture,Port also invitedtodeliver akeynote paperattheNationalScience deliver akeynote paperatthecongressinCanada.Hewas of Science,Halifax,Canada24 for hiscontinuedandoutstandingcontributionstothisfield Johan U.Grobbelaaras“DistinguishedAppliedPhycologist” International SocietyforAppliedPhycology honoursProf. triennial congress.Theinscriptionontheplaquereads“The the InternationalSocietyforAppliedPhycology atthe Prof. JohanGrobbelaarreceived thehighestawardfrom by thestaffonQwaQwacampus. this department’sstaff.Asignificantcontributionwasmade which canbeascribedtothededicationandhardwork by The DepartmentofPlantScienceshadaproductive year achievements Departmental activitiesand of Botany,PlantBreedingandPathology. The DepartmentofPlantSciencesconsiststhedisciplines Overview dedication andhardwork by thisdepartment’s productive year whichcanbeascribedtothe staff. Asignificantcontributionwasmadeby th June2011.Hewasinvitedto “The DepartmentofPlantScienceshada the staffonQwaQwacampus.” Department of Plant Sciences national SocietyforFungalConservation. Gryzenhout wasalsoelectedasSecretaryelectoftheInter- Association’s Young Mycologist Award forAfrica2010.Dr Dr MariekaGryzenhoutreceived theInternationalMycological Royal Society. Prof. LouisScottwasalsohonouredwithaFellowship ofthe over alife-time”. Science andTechnology (NSTF)awardcategory“Research Prof. JohanGrobbelaarwasalsoarunner-upintheNational Prof. SakkiePretoriusandMsCornelBender attended the3 or visitedinstitutestobuildlinkswithfellow researchers. Several staffmembersattendedinternationalconferences collaboration National andinternational paid avisitedtoIndia.Prof.LiezelHerselman visited America also presentedattheworkshop. Prof.SakkiePretoriusalso Pretorius BGRI Technical Workshop inSt.Paul,Minnesota.Prof.Sakkie was invitedtopresentanoralpaper. Aposterwas – Prof.JohannduPreez rd

03 32

Department of Plant Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences researchers inGermany.Dr (WWU), Muenster,Germany.Theyalsometwithotherco- and Technology, attheWestphalian Wilhelm’sUniversity Moerschbacher intheDepartmentofPlantBiochemistry Africa. international researchinstitutesinSouthAmericaand techniques suchasSNIPS.Prof.Maryke Labuschagnevisited to attendaworkshop onsomeofthelatestmolecular technical officerinthePlantBreeding Sectionrespectively. Merwe lecturer intheBotanysectionwhile DrRouxlenevander members. The departmentwasfortunateto appointthreenewstaff campus) resignedtoacceptapostdoctoratefellowship. Amie vanderWesthuizen retired.DrJoyce Moloi(QwaQwa and fruitfulacademiccareers,Profs.JohanGrobbelaar The year alsosawanumberofstaffchanges.Afterlong the BotanicalSocietyofFreeStateonplantevolution. others BirdLifeFreeStateonthebirdsofOkavango,and affairs. Healsogave several popularlecturesto among Department ofEconomic,Tourism andEnvironmental the FreeStateClimateChangeSummitpresentedby the warming anditsimpactonvegetation distribution during Prof. JohannduPreezwasinvitedtogive atalkonGlobal Cooperation agreement. part oftheSA/GermanyScience,ResearchandTechnology chemistry andTechnology, WWU),visitedourdepartmentas Prof. BrunoMoerschbacher(DepartmentofPlantBio- Botanical ConferenceinMelbourne,Australia. Minnesota. MsLizeJoubertattendedanInternationalPlant a conferenceandattendedworkshop attheUniversity of Prof. JohannduPreez Prof. AmieandDrMarietaCawood visitedProf.Bruno and MsChrisnaSteynwere appointedaslecturer and Dr MarietaCawood wasappointedassenior Botma VisservisitedCanadafor semi-arid vegetation. syntaxonomy ofSouthAfricangrasslandsand studies withemphasisonthesynecologyand – hisresearchconcentratesonregional His areaofexpertiseliesinvegetation ecology have obtainedtheirdegreeswithdistinction. degree studentsunderhissupervisionwho on B.Sc.Hons.level. Hehasseveral Master’s Prof. JohannduPreezteachesPhytosociology Ms LineoMohaleinvestigating algaeunder amicroscope. Mr Michael Austenfeldt, a visiting student from Germany, busy collecting material in the hothouse.

Annual Report 2011 33

Students busy with a plant survey during a field excursion. 34

Department of Plant Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences root extractofMorindalucida(L.)Benth.( Ashafa, A.O.T. &Olunu,O.2011.Toxicological evaluationofethanolic constipation. JournalofNaturalPharmaceuticals2(3):158-162. of Aloevera (L.)Burm.f.inWistarratswithloperamide-induced Ashafa, A.O.T. 2011.Laxative potentialoftheethanolicleafextract Research articles common wheat.TheOpenPlantScienceJournal 5:1-8. characterization ofrecombinantsthe Lr54/Yr37translocationin Heyns, I.,Pretorius,Z.A.&Marais, F. 2011.Derivationand 408-415. two contrastingsoilnitrogenenvironments.FieldCropsResearch121: endosperm modificationofqualityprotein maize( Gissa, D.W., Labuschagne,M.T. &Vivek, B.2011.Proteinqualityand South AfricanJournalofBotany77:680-684. epiphytic speciesfromNyungwe National Park,Rwanda,Africa. Epistemma neuerburgii(Apocynacaeae,Periplocoideae): Anew Fischer, E.,Venter, H.J.T., Killmann,D.,Meve, U.&Venter, A.M.2011. 1296-1302. palaeoecological interpretations.QuaternaryScienceReviews30: Fernandez-Jalvo, Y., Scott,L.&Andrews,P. 2011.Taphonomy in in ChinaandIndonesia.Mycologia 103(6):1384-1410. 2011. Novel speciesofCeloporthefromEcalyptusandSyzygiumtrees Chen, S.,Gryzenhout,M.,Roux,J.,Xie,Y., Wingfield,M.&Zhou,X. Africa. Geology39:19-22. Late Glacialinterhemisphericclimatedynamicsrevealed inSouthern Chase, B.,Quick,L.,Meadows, M.,Scott,L.,Thomas,D.&Reimer,P. 2011. of theSouthAfricanNationalParks. 53(1):1-13. Platberg, easternFreeState,SouthAfrica.Koedoe: ResearchJournal Brand, R.,Brown, L.&DuPreez,P.J. 2011.Thegrasslandvegetation of Pharmaceuticals 2(3):158-162. Wister ratswithloperamide-inducedconstipation. potential oftheethanolicleafextract Ashafa, A.O.T., Sunmonu,T., Abass, A.&Ogbe,2011.Laxative Pharmacology 5(2):150-154. weight parametersofWistarrats.AfricanJournalPharmacyand and berryextractsofPhytolaccadiocaL.onhaematological Ashafa, A.O.T., Sunmonu,T. & Afolayan, A.2011.Effectsofleaf rats. JournalofNaturalPharmaceuticals2(210):108-114. Rubiaceae) inmaleWister Aloe vera (L.)Burm.f.in Zea maysL.)under Journal ofNatural Research Outputs Kena, M.&Swart,W 154-160. S1 cassavafamilies.JournalofPlantBreedingandCropScience3(8): Ferguson, M.2011.Segregationofselectedagronomictraitsinsix K 122: 151-156. breeding programmesinsub-SaharanAfrica.FieldCropsResearch and quantitative traitsofcassavagermplasmfromselectednational G., Mkamilo,Gethi,J.&Obiero,H.2011.Variation inqualitative J., Ralimanana,I.,Bidiaka,M.,Lukombo, S., Kanyange, M.,Gashaka, Kawuki, R.,Ferguson,M.,Labuschagne,M.T., Herselman, L.,Orone, African JournalofPlantandSoil28(4):236-238. production areasofSouthAfrica(ShortCommunications). Aflatoxins andfumonisinsonsorghumgrainfromcommercial Janse vanRensburg,B.,Mclaren,N.W., Viljoen,A.&Flett,B. samples. SouthAfricanJournalofPlantandSoil28(2):90-98. Sampling variationinthequantificationoffumonisinsmaize Janse vanRensburg,B.,Flett,Mclaren,N.W. &McDonald,A. of reactive oxygen speciesgeneratingenzymesandhydrogen peroxide Mohase, L.,Van derWesthuizen, A.J.&Pretorius,Z.A. Euphytica 179:1-2. provides momentumforwheatrustresearch(Introduction). McIntosh, R.&Pretorius,Z.A.2011.Borlaugglobalrustinitiative using AFLPmarkers. Bradleya29: 103-114. diversity amongSouthAfricancactus pear genebankaccessions Mashope, B.K.,Herselman,L.&Labuschagne,M.T. 2011.Genetic Theoretical andAppliedGenetics123:615-623. resistance tostemrust(Sr2),leaf(Lr27)andpowdery mildew. multiple resistancelocusonchromosomearm3BSinwheatconfers Wicker, T., Breen,J.,Lagudah,E.,Ellis,J.&Spielmeyer, W. Mago, R.,Tabe, L.,McIntosh,R.,Pretorius,Z.A.,Kota, R.,Paux,E., Journal ofPhytopathology159:287-297. sources ofresistancetoUromyces appendiculatus inSouthernAfrica. Liebenberg, M.&Pretorius,Z.A.2011.Pathogenicdiversity inand Agriculture andAppliedScience7(2):36-44. vegetable seedlingsinthegreenhouse.Botswana Journalof suppression offungalpathogensandcontroldamping-off awuki, R.,Labuschagne,M.T., Nuamanya,E.,Herselman,L.& .J. 2011.Effectsofplantextractsoninvitro Department ofPlantSciences 2011.Involvement 2011.A 2011. 2011. South Ramburan, S., Labuschagne, M.T. & Zhou, M. 2011. Interpretation of genotype x environment interactions of sugarcane: Identifying relevant environmental factors. Field Crops Research 124(3): 392-399. Roberts, D., Matthews, T., Herries, A., Boulter, C., Scott, L., Dondo, C., Mtembi, P., Browning, C., Smith, R., Haarhoff, P. & Bateman, M. 2011. Regional and global context of the Late Cenozoic Langebaanweg (LBW) Palaeontological Site: West Coast of South Africa. Earth- Science Reviews 106: 191-214. Sandersen, A., Scott, L., McLachlan, I. & Hancox, J. 2011. Cretaceous biozonation based on terrestrial palynomorphs from two wells in the offshore Orange basin of South Africa. Palaeontologia Africana 46: 21-41. Sieben, E.J.J., Ellery, W., Kotze, D. & Rountree, M. 2011. Hierarchical spatial organization and prioritization of wetlands: a conceptual model for wetland rehabilitation in South Africa. Wetlands Ecology and Management 19: 209-222. Steyn, C., Mclaren, N.W. & Swart, W.J. 2011. The effect of temperature and period of high humidity on the development of Sclerotinia stem rot on soybeans in the greenhouse. South African Journal of Plant and Soil 28(3): 208-211. Taole, M., Burgess, T., Gryzenhout, M., Wingfield, M. & Wingfield, B. 2011. DNA sequence incongruence and inconsistent morphology obscure species boundries in the Teratosphaeria suttonii species complex. Mycoscience. (Published online). in the rust resistance response of sunflower (Helianthius annuus L.). Terefe, T., Pretorius, Z.A., Bender, C.M., Visser, B., Herselman, L. South African Journal of Plant and Soil 28(1): 64-68. & Tadesse, N. 2011. First report of a new wheat leaf rust (Puccinia Muedi, H., Fourie, D. & Mclaren, N.W. 2011. Characterization of triticina) race with virulence for Lr12,13 and 37 in South Africa. Plant bacterial brown spot pathogen from dry bean production areas of Disease 95(5): 611-611. South Africa. African Crop Science Journal 19(4): 357-367. Tesfaendrias, M.T., Mclaren, N.W. & Swart, W.J. 2011. Grain mold fungi Mukoyi, F., Soko, T., Mulima, E., Mutari, B., Hodson, D., Herselman, and their effect on sorghum grain quality. South African Journal of L., Visser, B. & Pretorius, Z.A. 2011. Detection of variants of wheat Plant and Soil 28(3): 172-180. stem rust race Ug99 (Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici) in Zimbabwe and Viljoen, C.D. & Chetty, L. 2011. A case study of GM maize gene flow in Mozambique. Plant Disease 95(9): 1188-1188. South Africa. Environmental Sciences Europe 23(8): 1-8. Mutegi, E., Sagnard, F., Semagn, K., Deu, M., Muraya, M., Kanyenji, B., Visser, B., Herselman, L., Park, R., Karaoglu, H., Bender, C.M. & De Villiers, S., Kiambi, D., Herselman, L. & Labuschagne, M.T. 2011. Pretorius, Z.A. 2011. Characterization of two new Puccinia graminis Genetic structure and relationships within and between cultivated f.sp. tritici races within the Ug99 lineage in South Africa. Euphytica 179: and wild sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench) in Kenya as 119-127. revealed by microsatellite markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics Wegary, D., Labuschagne, M.T. & Vivek, B. 2011. Effect of low soil Annual Report 2011 122: 989-1004. nitrogen fertility on protein quality and endosperm modification Mwenye, O., Labuschagne, M.T., Herselman, L. & Benesi, I. 2011. of quality protein maize (Zea mays L.). Field Crops Research 121(3): 35 Mineral compositions of Malawian cocoyam genotypes. Journal of 408-415. Biological Sciences 11(4): 331-335. Mweta, D.E., Labuschagne, M.T., Bonnet, S.L., Swarts, J.C. & Saka, Chapters in books J. 2011. Effect of annealing, acid hydrolysis and acetylation on the Brand, R., Brown, L. & Du Preez, P.J. 2011. Biogeography of Platberg, physicochemical and thermal properties of Malawian cocoyam Eastern Free State, South Africa: Links with Afromontane regions and starches. Trends in Carbohydrate Research 3(2): 39-54. South African Biomes. In Biodiversity: Loss in a changing planet, Neumann, F., Scott, L. & Bamford, M. 2011. Climate change and edited by O. Grillo & G. Venora. Croatia, Rijeka: Intech-Open Access human disturbance of fynbos vegetation during the late Holocene at Company. pp. 113-136. Princess Vlei, Western Cape, South Africa. Holocene 21(7): 1137-1149. Du Preez, P.J. & Brown, L. 2011. Impact of domestic animals on Park, R., Fetch, T., Hodson, D., Jin, Y., Nazari, K., Prashar, M. & ecosystems’ integrity of Lesotho high altitude peat lands. In Pretorius, Z.A. 2011. International surveillance of wheat rust Biodiversity: Loss in a changing planet, edited by O. Grillo & G. Venora. pathogens: progress and challenges. Euphytica 179:109-117. Croatia, Rijeka: Intech-Open Access Company. pp. 249-270. Prins, R., Pretorius, Z.A., Bender, C.M. & Lehmensiek, A. 2011. QTL Rossouw, L. & Scott, L. 2011. Phytoliths and pollen the microscopic mapping of stripe, leaf and stem rust resistance genes in a Kariega 3 plant remains in Pliocene volcanic sediments around Laetoli Tanzania. Avocet S doubled haploid wheat population. Molecular Breeding 27: In: Paleontology and Geology of Laetoli Tanzania: Human evolution in 259-270. context, edited by T. Harrison. New York: Springer. pp. 201-215. Quick, L., Chase, B., Meadows, M., Scott, L. & Reimer, P. 2011. A 19.5 kyr vegetation history from the central Cederberg Mountains, Conference contributions South Africa: Palynological evidence from rock hyrax middens. Agenbag, G.M., Pretorius, Z.A., Boyd, L., Bender, C.M. & Prins, R. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 309: 253-270. 2011. Implementation of QTL mapping outputs in South African 36

Department of Plant Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Poster presentedatthe46 vegetation inBethlehem,SouthAfrica- A revisitafterfourdecades. Dingaan, M.,Walker, S.,Tsubo,M.&Newby, T. Germany. 30April. the DepartmentPlantBiochemistryandBiotechnology,Muenster, of anaturalproductfromAgapanthus.Invitedpaperdelivered at 2011. Thedefenceincludingcapacitiesisolationandidentification Cawood, M.E.,Pretorius,J.,Van derWesthuizen, A.J.&Pretorius,Z.A. 23-26 January. Plant Pathology(SASPP)Congress,KrugerNationalPark,SouthAfrica. wheat breedingprograms.Poster presentedatthe21 greenhouse conditions.Paperdelivered atthe3 responses ofadoubledhaploidwheatpopulationtestedunder Bender, C.M.,Pretorius,Z.A.&Prins,R.2011.Adult plantstemrust Park, SouthAfrica.23-26January. African SocietyforPlantPathology(SASPP)Congress,KrugerNational greenhouse. Paperdelivered atthe47 rust resistanceinadultwheatplantsgrown andinfectedinthe Bender, C.M.,Pretorius,Z.A.&Prins,R.2011.Mappingofstem Initiative (BGRI)Technical Workshop, StPaulMinnesota,USA.13-16June. QTL mappingstrategies.Poster presentedatthe47 & Prins.R.2011.Dissectingstriperustresistanceinwheatthrough Agenbag, G.M.,Pretorius,Z.A.,Boyd, L.,Bender,C.M.,McCormack,R. Technical Workshop, StPaulMinnesota,USA.13-16June. of theFreeState.Invitedpaperdelivered attheFreeStateClimate Du Preez,P.J. 2011.Theimpactofglobalwarming onvegetation Institute, Middelburg,SouthAfrica.11-15 July. Management inAfrica,Grootfontein AgriculturalDevelopment of SouthernAfrica(GSSA):Advancing RangelandEcologyandPasture Desprez. Poster presentedatthe3 Dissecting adultplantstriperustresistanceinthewheatcultivar Cappell Agenbag, G.M.,Pretorius,Z.A.,Boyd, L.,Bender,C.M.&Prins,R.2011. Mexico City,Mexico.5-6September. Triticeae MappingInitiative (ITMI)Workshop, SevillaPalaceHotel, th AnnualCongressoftheGrasslandSociety rd Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI) BorlaugGlobalRustInitiative (BGRI) th SouthernAfricanSocietyfor rd Borlaug Global Rust BorlaugGlobalRust 2011.Degraded st Wheat infestedwithpathogens. International th Southern indications. Paperdelivered attheXVIIIInternationalQuaternary (Northern Cape,SouthAfrica):Smallmammal palaeoenviromental J., Scott,L.&Chazan,M.2011. Fernandez-Jalvo, Y., Avery, G.,Kolska Horowitz, L.,Rossouw,Brink, South Africa.28August–2September. Workshop, CapeTown InternationalConvention Centre,CapeTown, Province. Poster presentedatthe8 effluent onthewater qualityofSepanespruit ThabaNchu,FreeState Du Preez,P.J., Koikoi, D.M.E.&Roos,J.2011.Theeffectsofsewage Bloemfontein, SouthAfrica.8-9June. for EnvironmentalManagement,University oftheFreeState, delivered atthe3 Du Preez,P.J. 2011. Vegetation changeandglobalwarming. Paper State, Bloemfontein,SouthAfrica.22-23September. Change Summit(Provincial COP17symposium), University oftheFree rd AnnualOrangeRiver BasinSymposium, Centre Wheat infectedby rust. Early PlastoceneatWonderwerk cave th AnnualInkabayeAfrica (IyA) Dr Andor Venter, Prof Teuns Verschoor and Mr Darius van Rensburg inspecting a cycad.

Research (INQUA) Congress: Quaternary Sciences – The View From presented at the International Union for Forestry Research the Mountains, Bern, Switzerland. 21-27 July. Organization (IUFRO) Forest Entomology/Forest Pathology Joint Fernandez-Jalvo, Y., Scott, L., Neumann, F., Gil-Romera, G., Brink, G., Meeting, Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay. 8-11 November. Rossouw, L., Carrion, J. & Avery, G. 2011. Hyena coprolites, pollen and Janse van Rensburg, B., Flett, B., Mclaren, N.W. & Viljoen, A. 2011. past ecosystems. Paper delivered at the 2nd Annual Diamond Route Development of an epidemiological model of fumonisin-producing Research Conference, De Beers Auditorium, Johannesburg Campus, Fusarium spp. on commercial maize in South Africa. Poster presented Johannesburg, South Africa. 29-30 August. at the MycoRed Africa 2011 International Conference: Mycotoxin Fernandez-Jalvo, Y., Scott, L., Neumann, F., Gil-Romera, G., Brink, reduction – Global solutions, International Convention Centre, Cape J., Carrion, J., Rossouw, L. & Avery, G. 2011. Hyena scats: A key to Town, South Africa. 4-6 April. understanding past ecosystems. Paper delivered at the Hominid- Janse van Rensburg, B., Flett, B., Viljoen, A. & Mclaren, N.W. 2011. Annual Report 2011 Carnivore Interactions during the Pleistocene International Congress, Aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of sorghum in commercial Salou, Terragonna, Spain. 25-27 October. production areas of South Africa. Poster presented at the MycoRed 37 Gryzenhout, M. 2011. Barcoding can promote mycology in Africa. Africa 2011 International Conference: Mycotoxin reduction – Global Paper delivered at the 4th International Barcode of Life Conference solutions, International Convention Centre, Cape Town, South Africa. (iBoL), University of Adelaide, Australia. 28 November – 3 December. 4-6 April. Hodson, D., Nazari, K., Park, R., Hansen, J., Lassen, P., Artista, J., Fetch, Janse van Rensburg, B., Flett, B., Viljoen, A. & Mclaren, N.W. 2011. T., Hovmoller, M., Jin, Y., Pretorius, Z.A. & Sonder, K. 2011. Putting The occurrence of fumonisin-production Fusarium spp. and their Ug99 on the map: an update on current and future monitoring. Paper fumonisisms from commercial maize production areas in South delivered at the 3rd Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI) Technical Africa. Paper delivered at the 47th Southern African Society for Plant Workshop, St Paul Minnesota, USA. 13-16 June. Pathology (SASPP) Congress, Kruger National Park, South Africa. 23- 26 January. Holmes, P., Scott, L., Carr, A., Bateman, M. & Cordova, C. 2011. A record of Holocene environmental change from adjacent Joubert, L., Bruyns, P., Klak, C. & Venter, A.M. 2011. Biogeography biophysical regimes in the Southern Cape, South Africa. Paper and phylogenetic relationships in Cryptolepsis R.Br. (Periplocoideae, delivered at the XVIII International Quaternary Research (INQUA) Apocynaceae). Paper delivered at the XVIII International Botanical Congress: Quaternary Sciences – The View From the Mountains, Congress (IBC2011), Melbourne, Australia. 23-30 July. Bern, Switzerland. 21-27 July. Kone, T., Kvas, M., Gryzenhout, M., Wingfield, M. & Steenkamp, E. Jami, F., Gryzenhout, M., Slippers, B. & Wingfield, M. 2011. 2011. DNA barcoding reveals that diverse Fusarium species have an Botryosphaeriaceae associated with Acacia Karroo in South Africa. entophytic association with native Acacia karroo. Poster presented Paper delivered at the 47th Southern African Society for Plant at the 47th Southern African Society for Plant Pathology (SASPP) Pathology (SASPP) Congress, Kruger National Park, South Africa. 23- Congress, Kruger National Park, South Africa. 23-26 January. 26 January. Labuschagne, M.T., Van Biljon, A. & Elago, O. 2011. Quality protein Jami, F., Gryzenhout, M., Slippers, B. & Wingfield, M. 2011. Diverse maize in Africa: Is it still quality protein under small-scale farmer Botryosphaeriaceae on Acacia karroo in South Africa. Poster low-input conditions? Poster presented at the AACC International 38

Department of Plant Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Western Cape.Paperdelivered atthe47 Cryohonectriaceae: Athreattonative Metrosiderosangustifoliainthe Roux, J.,Chen,S.,Gryzenhout,M.&Wingfield,2011.The 26 January. Pathology (SASPP)Congress,KrugerNationalPark,SouthAfrica.23- bean productionareasofSouthAfrica.Poster presentedatthe47 Pseudomonas syringaepv. syringae(van Hall)collectedfromdry Muedi, H.,Fourie,D.&Mclaren,N.W. 2011.Characterizationof Centre, CapeTown, SouthAfrica.28August–2September. Inkaba yeAfrica (IyA)Workshop, CapeTown InternationalConvention Paper delivered atthe37 oxide intheRussianwheataphidresistanceresponseofwheat. Moloi, J.M.&Van derWesthuizen, A.J. 14-15 September. Vredenburg ResearchCentreofARCPPRI,Stellenbosch,SouthAfrica. Africa: Advances inTechnology andSoilbornePlantDiseases, Symposium oftheSoilbornePlantDiseasesInterestGroupSouth Switzerland. 21-27July. Congress: QuaternarySciences–TheView FromtheMountains,Bern, Paper delivered attheXVIIIInternationalQuaternaryResearch(INQUA) change duringthelast30ka inSouthAfrica-thefossilpollendata. Metwally, A.2011.Terrestrial evidenceofvegetation andclimate Scott, L.,Neumann,F., Brook,G.,Bousman,C.,Norstrom, E.& Africa. 23-26January. for PlantPathology(SASPP)Congress,KrugerNationalPark,South Africa. Poster presentedatthe47 Description andpathogenicityofnewwheatstemrustracesinSouth Pretorius, Z.A.,Visser,B.,Herselman,L.&Negussie,T. Minnesota, USA.13-16June. Borlaug GlobalRustInitiative (BGRI)Technical Workshop, StPaul presented atthe47 Histological investigation ofrustresistanceinlentils Negussie, T., Pretorius,Z.A.,Bender,C.M.&Van Wyk,P.W.J. 2011. Kruger NationalPark,SouthAfrica.23-26January. Southern AfricanSocietyforPlantPathology(SASPP)Congress, at the37 entophytes inahealthySyzygiumcordatumtree.Poster presented Barcoding andpyrosequencing reveal ahighdiversity offungal Marsberg, A.,Gryzenhout,M.,Slippers,B.&Wingfield,M. Center, California,USA.16-19October. Annual Meeting:RechargingGrainScience,PalmSpringsConvention mould resistance.Paperdelivered atthe47 Mclaren, N.W. 2011.Evaluation ofsorghumgenotypesforgrain Grahamstown, SouthAfrica.17-19January. Botanists (SAAB):Plantsinachangingworld, RhodesUniversity, caused by Sclerotiniaspp.Paperdelivered atthe21 Mclaren, N.W. &Coetzee,L.2011.Predictionmodelingofdiseases South Africa.23-26January. Society forPlantPathology(SASPP)Congress,KrugerNationalPark, African Ug99andrelatedraces.Poster presentedatthe3 Pretorius, Z.A.&Negussie,T. 2011.TheexpressionofSr21toSouth Centre, CapeTown, SouthAfrica.28August–2September. Inkaba yeAfrica (IyA)Workshop, CapeTown InternationalConvention genus Steirodiscus(Asteraceae).Poster presentedatthe8 Pepenene, P., Jackson, M.&Joubert,L. (SASPP) Congress,KrugerNationalPark,SouthAfrica.23-26January. tritici Pretorius, Z.A.&Terefe, T. 2011.RacesofPucciniagraminisf.sp. USA. 13-16June. Global RustInitiative (BGRI)Technical Workshop, StPaulMinnesota, State Province, SouthAfrica.Poster presentedatthe8 extent ofbushencroachmentintheSandveld NatureReserve, Free Mthimkhulu, K.M.B.&DuPreez,P.J. 2011.Theassessmentofthe University, Grahamstown, SouthAfrica.17-19January. Association ofBotanists(SAAB):Plantsinachangingworld, Rhodes detected inSouthAfrica2010.Poster presentedatthe3 th AnnualConferenceoftheSouthAfricanAssociation th SouthernAfricanSocietyforPlantPathology th AnnualConferenceoftheSouthAfrican th SouthernAfricanSocietyforPlant 2011.Thephylogenyofthe 2011.Theroleofnitric th SouthernAfricanSociety th SouthernAfrican . Poster rd st th th Annual Borlaug Annual 2011. Annual 2011. th rd

26 January. Pathology (SASPP)Congress,KrugerNational Park,SouthAfrica.23- Asian CongressonPlantPathology,concurrentwiththe18 47 wheat aphidresistanceresponsein.Poster presentedatthe Van derWesthuizen, A.J.2011.Signalingevents duringtheRussian Cape Town, SouthAfrica.28August–2September. yeAfrica (IyA)Workshop, CapeTown InternationalConvention Centre, presented atthe47 Teratosphaeria epicoccoidescausingdiseaseinEucalyptus.Poster B. 2011.Phylogeneticandmorphologicalre-evaluation of Taole, M., Burgess,T., Gryzenhout,M.,Wingfield,M.& South Africa.17-19January. (SAAB): Plantsinachangingworld, RhodesUniversity, Grahamstown, Annual ConferenceoftheSouthAfricanAssociationBotanists Paper delivered atthe3 Swart, W.J. 2011.Water forfoodsecurity:Morecrop,moredrop. Free State,Bloemfontein,SouthAfrica.3-6July. the EntomologicalSocietyofSouthernAfrica(ESSA),University ofthe interactions inAgriculture.Paperdelivered attheXVIICongressof Swart, W.J. 2011.Understandingtheroleofplant-microbial-faunal 3-4 August. State AgricultureUnion,Kopana Nokeng, Bloemfontein,SouthAfrica. water-scarce regions.Paperdelivered attheAnnualCongressofFree Swart, W.J. 2011.Innovative Technologies forCropProductionin Northern Cape,SouthAfrica.3-6October. Forum (ZEF)Conference:InteractionsintheAridZone,Nieuwoudtville, ecological perspectives. Paperdelivered attheAridZoneEcology Swart, W.J. 2011.FoodSecurityinwater scarceregions:Agro- Kimberley, SouthAfrica.6September. Kimberley Biodiversity ResearchSymposium,MokalaNatureReserve, responses indifferentwheatcultivars. Paperdelivered atthe37 Taiwe, B.M.&Mohase,L.2011.Aphidsaliva inducesdefence Bloemfontein, SouthAfrica.8-9June. Centre forEnvironmentalManagement,University oftheFreeState, game ranchesandconservation areas of asuitabilityindexforthere-introductiongamespecieson Smit, Z.M.,G.N.,DuPreez,P.J. &Pienaar,F.C. and ConferenceCentre,KwaZulu-Natal, SouthAfrica.17-19October. to thefuture2020.Act today-forabettertomorrow, DidimaResort Paper delivered attheNationalWetland Indaba2011:Wetlands –Back Database andaprovisional wetland classificationforSouthAfrica. Sieben, E.J.J.2011.ProgressintheNationalWetland Vegetation Spain. 25-27October. during thePleistoceneInternationalCongress,Salou,Terragonna, (Caucasus). Paperdelivered attheHominid-Carnivore Interactions 2011. Plantmicrofossils’contentsintwo coprolitesfromAzokhCave Scott, L.,Rossouw,Cordova, C.,Risberg,J.&Fernandez-Jalvo, Y. surrounding areas.Poster presentedatthe8 analysis ofthePalaeo-Kimberley andPalaeo- ModderRivers and Van Aardt,A.C.&DuPreez,P.J. (SASPP) Congress,KrugerNationalPark,SouthAfrica.23-26January. Africa. Paperdelivered atthe47 Cryophonectriaceae: Vermeulen, M.,Gryzenhout,Wingfield,M. &Roux,J.2011. Australia. 26-29April. New FrontiersinPlantPathologyforAsiaandOceania,Darwin, Australasian PlantPathologySocietyConference(ACPP APPS2011): genus Celoporthe(Cryphonectriaceae).Paperdelivered at the4 Roux, J.2011.Biogeographyofspecieswithinthetreepathogen Vermeulen, M.,Chen,S.,Zhou,X.,Gryzenhout,Wingfield,M.& Park, SouthAfrica.23-26January. African SocietyforPlantPathology(SASPP)Congress,KrugerNational root rotby Trichodermaspp..Paperdelivered atthe 47 Van Rooyen, D.&Mclaren,N.W. 2011.Thesuppressionofsorghum Kruger NationalPark,SouthAfrica.23-26January. th SouthernAfricanSocietyforPlantPathology(SASPP)Congress, th SouthernAfricanSocietyforPlantPathology An unexploredgroupoftreepathogens in rd AnnualOrangeRiver BasinSymposium, 2011.Avegetation andenvironmental th SouthernAfricanSocietyforPlant . Poster presentedatthe8 2011.Development th AnnualInkaba th th Southern Biennial th th th

A field of sunflowers.

Contact details Academic staff Annual Report 2011 Prof. Johann du Preez Main campus 39 Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Professors: Profs Sakkie Pretorius, Maryke Labuschagne, Neal Dept of Plant Sciences McLaren, Wijnand Swart University of the Free State Associate Professors: Prof. Johann du Preez, Liezel Herselman PO Box 339 Affiliated Associate Professors: Profs Koos van Rensburg (ARC-GCI), Bloemfontein Renée Prins (Cen Gen) South Africa 9300 Lecturers: Drs Gert Marais, Lintle Mohase, Marieka Gryzenhout, Mariette Bezuidenhout, Gerhard Potgieter, Angie van Biljon, Botma Telephone: +27 51 401 2514 Visser, Rouxlene van der Merwe, Adrie Minnaar-Ontong, Ms Lize Fax: +27 51 444 5945 Joubert e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ufs.ac.za/plantsci QwaQwa Campus Lecturers: Dr Tom Ashafa, Dr Erwin Sieben, Dr Joyce Moloi, Mr Robert Lentsoane Junior lecturer: Mr Raymond Pitso 40

Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences and Zimbabwe. Mauritius, Swaziland,theUnitedStates ofAmerica,Zambia Eritrea, Ethiopia,Germany,Kenya, Lesotho,Malawi, Approximately 40%ofthesestudentscomefromBotswana, of 23master’sand18doctoralstudentswere enrolled. in thenumberofpostgraduatestudents.In2011anaverage not onlyinthenumberofundergraduatestudentsbutalso Over thepastfewyears thedepartmenthasshown growth, Construction ManagementattheUFS. Management andtheDepartmentofQuantitySurveying and and Extension,EnvironmentalManagement,Disaster the CentresforSustainableAgriculture,RuralDevelopment disciplines, thedepartmentalsocontributestoteachingat to undergraduateandpostgraduateteachinginthefour Sciences oftheUniversity oftheFreeState(UFS).Inaddition programme oftheFacultyNaturalandAgricultural Horticulture andSoilScience,contributingtotheagricultural specialises inthedisciplinesofAgrometeorology,Agronomy, The DepartmentofSoil,CropandClimateSciences Overview has shown growth, notonlyinthenumber of undergraduatestudentsbutalsointhe “Over thepast few years thedepartment Climate Sciences number ofpostgraduatestudents.” Department of Soil, Cropand department. Forexamplefunding wasagainobtained international collaborationthatis beingpursuedby the during 2011,onehastonotethe extentofnationaland In termsofthedepartment’sactivitiesandachievements Activities andachievements These areoutlinedintheresearchoutputslateron. articles, chaptersinbooksandpresentedatconferences. Agraforum. Researchfindingswere publishedinresearch Foods (SA)(Pty)Ltd.,OmniaFertilizerSyngentaand Trust (PRT),WinterGrain(WGT),Montsanto,McCain (WRC), GermanResearchFoundation(GRF),Protein Research Foundation(NRF),Water ResearchCommission of thefundingcamefrominstitutionssuchasNational came fromtheCentralResearchFundofUFS.Therest R4 millionwasspentonresearchin2011,ofwhichonly10% of thesoil-crop-atmospheresystem.Approximately Research inthedepartmentisaimedatvariousaspects – Prof.ChrisduPreez 04 42

Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Stephan SteynandMsElmarieKotzé, attendedthe8 programme. Thesestudentsandtwo staffmembers,Mr for 13postgraduatestudentsundertheInkabayeAfrika for theimprovement oftheSouthAfricanclassification Base (WRB).Asaresultrecommendationscouldbemade System forSouthAfricawiththatoftheWorld Reference Istvan Waltner torelatetheTaxonomic SoilClassification Huyssteen metwithProfsErikaMicheli,MarthaFuchs,and the SouthAfrica-Hungaryexchange agreement.Prof.Van in Hungary.ThevisitistheresultofaNRFresearchgranton Prof. CornievanHuyssteenvisitedtheSt.IstvanUniversity from researchinstitutionsinGermany. delegates frommostSouthAfricanuniversities aswell as reported ontheirprogress.Theconferencewasattendedby Annual InkabayeAfrika ConferenceinCapeTown wherethey Prof. ChrisduPreez The descriptionofasoilprofileisexplained tostudents. and agriculturewaterqualityusage. changes, soilfertilityandfertilization, on agriculturallanduseandsoilorganicmatter nitrogenous fertilizers.Recently,thefocuswas compaction andammoniavolatilization of such areasasthecausesandcontrolofsoil Prof. ChrisduPreez’sresearchhasfocusedon th reduction ofsoilwaterevaporation lossesby introducinga Mzezewa fromtheUniversity ofVenda. Itfocused onthe van Rensburg.Thefirstprojectwas managedby Jestinos by doctoralstudentsunder theguidanceofProf.Leon in semi-aridtosub-humidclimate zoneswere completed Three projectsinrainwaterharvesting forcropproduction of hydrology usingsoilindicators. overarching aimistofacilitateanimproved understanding closer tohydrological characterisationofhillslopes.The was improved intheprocess.Thisbringsresearch processes insoils.Thehydrological classificationofsoils made progressby identifyingindicatorsofhydrological The hydropedology researchgroupofDrPieterleRoux fertility inagriculturesoils. three years willfocusonthesustainablemanagementof Mondlana University inMaputo.Theirresearchforthenext collaborator isDrAlfredoNhantumbofromtheEduardo NRF undertheSouthAfrica-Mozambiqueagreement.His Prof. DuPreezwassuccessfultoobtainfundingfromthe specialised laboratoryanalyses. Bonn, Germanyforseven weeks togaininsightintosome of theSouthAfricanteamalsovisitedUniversity of visited Kurumanforamonth’sfieldwork. MsElmarieKotzé with theirteammembersfromGermanyandSouthAfrica leadership ofProfsWulfAmelungandChrisduPreez, Research FoundationofGermanyisinitsfinalphase.The of soilsunderdifferentrangelanduse,financedby the The researchprojectentitledVulnerabilityandresilience made afterclassification. systems, butalsoincreasetheinterpretationsthatcouldbe will hopefullyleadtobettercorrelationbetween thetwo system aswelltheWRB.Adoptionoftheseproposals Soil sampling in the savannah near Kuruman.

green mulch-sunflower intercropping system under in-field Vulnerability due to Climate Change. The work in the Mujika rainwater harvesting (IRWH). The second project was done Community in the southern province of Zambia included by Sabelo Mvimbelo from Swaziland by combining integrated maize trials in farmers’ fields; training and dissemination of micro-flood irrigation with IRWH using maize as a test crop. relevant climate information via local radio and farmer study A series of experiments were launched to characterise the groups. The success was in integrating the community soil hydraulic properties before designing a simple short- inputs and collaboration into CAPES which is a Community furrow irrigation system, using a modified basin area of IRWH Agrometeorology Participatory Extension Service. Two as an irrigation furrow. The third project of Mussie Zerizghy useful popular booklets have been produced – one a from Eritrea focused on water conservation measures during Handbook for CAPES. The other Mujika Personal Stories: Annual Report 2011 a crop fallow period. This project’s aim was to develop a soil Climate Learning Changing Livelihoods which describes how water balance model to aid in the simulation of the complex some of the community members and small-scale farmers 43 hydrologic processes under IRWH. The last two projects were able to utilize the climate information in seasonal were funded by the UFS’s Water Cluster. forecasts to make better decisions about crops and cultivars to plant, thus improving their livelihoods. These are both Agrometeorology achieved a wonderful milestone as three available to be downloaded at www.agrometeorology.org. doctoral students graduated on one day. Their research projects complement each other as they stretch across the Prof. Sue Walker was privileged to be hosted by FAO – Land scope of Agrometeorology. Mokhele Moeletsi did a climate and Water Division in Rome during the second semester of analysis of the Free State and constructed a computer model 2011. During this time she worked (with help from doctoral for the weather risk factors affecting the maize growing areas. students) on calibrating the FAO-AquaCrop model for the Nhlonipho Nhlabatsi reported on a micrometeorology study of locally important African crops amaranthus, pearl millet factors affecting soil surface evaporation which is a major loss and taro. AquaCrop can be used to simulate the water use in semi-arid environments, and Durton Nanja established an and yield of agronomic crops using climate, soil and crop agrometeorological service with a community in the southern data. Thus risk assessments of selected crops likely to be province of Zambia to disseminate useful climate information sustainable in certain agroclimatic zones can be made with to help them grow crops more sustainably. the model.

Agrometeorology has been part of a successful project In March 2011, Agrometeorology held a special seminar funded by IDRC/CCAA run in Zambia and Zimbabwe entitled to commemorate the Annual World Meteorological Day. Building Adaptive Capacity to Cope with the “Increasing Presentations were given by UFS and ARC-ISCW staff, and 44

Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences observations attheschool.These willbeusedby meetings andtomobilisetheselearners todometeorological students inourdepartmenttopresent regulartalksattheclub education oflearnersingeography by allowing postgraduate at theschool.Theaimsofthisinteraction aretofurtherthe Appalachian StateUniversity aClimateClubwasestablished Ramsdell oftheDepartmentPhysicsandAstronomyat of St.MichaelsSecondarySchoolinBloemfonteinandMsCarla As aresultofthecollaborationwithMrFrancoisvanHeerden based classes:How dostudentsfeel? de Wet presentedapapertitledLearningthroughproblem- Practical ApproachtoInstructingDynamicMeteorology.Linda teaching methods.StephanSteynledaworkshop onA were abletodrawfromtheirexperiencesusinginnovated lecturers fromotheruniversities andnationalweather services willingness toexplorenewpedagogicaltechniques.Similarly, continued effortstoimprove thequalityofteachingand and trainingprogrammemanagement.Thisshows their competency-based training,newinstructionaltechnologies educational resources,collaborative projectsandvirtualteams, learning activities,andinstructionaltheory, Pretoria. Thethemesoftheconferenceincludedinnovative at theCALMetIXInternationalConferencewhichwasheldin Ms LindadeWet andStephanSteynattendedpresented Afrikaanse AkademievirWetenskap enKuns”. his sessionatthe2011studentsymposiumof“Suid- Snyman, won theprizeforbestoralpresentationduring the FreeState.Oneofourpostgraduatestudents,MrPieter scientific exchange projectondroughtandgrasslandsacross visitors fromJapanwhowere partofaNRF-JSPSfunded Sue Walker withFAO colleaguesinRome. From thistwo plantswith exceptionally highantifungal plant extractsforantibacterialand antifungalproperties. Pretorius completedthescreening ofmorethan3500crude The cropandstressphysiologyresearch teamofProf.Seef the germinationofamaranthseeds andearlyseedlinggrowth. quality, aswell astemperatureanddroughtstresseffectson effect ofnitrogenconcentrationsandtypesonbeetyield of onionproduction,togetherwithaninvestigation intothe presently underwayareinvestigations intovariousaspects underway intheAgronomysection.Horticulturalstudies temperature effectsonsunflower germination are still herbicide damagetocrops,A.cruentusallelopathy,and programmes areongoing.Researchintochloroacetanilide geranium hasbeencompleted,whileanumberofresearch effect ofvariousnutrientsonhydroponically cultivatedrose both nationalandinternationalconferences.Astudyintothe From thisresearchanumberofpaperswere delivered at Drs JamesAllemann,GertCeronioandGesineEngelbrecht. students completedtheirstudiesunderthesupervisionof In AgronomyandHorticultureonemaster’sthreedoctoral within theboundarylayer. of windandtemperatureaswell asheatandmoisturefluxes wherein studentsareexpectedtocalculatevertical profiles instrumentation. Thiswillfacilitatepracticaltraining m-high observationtower equippedwithmeteorological year andnow boastsadditionalofficespaceanda15 The weather stationterrainwasalsoupgradedthispast with otherlearnersacrosstheworld. researchers attheAppalachianStateUniversity andbeshared properties have been identified. Extracts of these two plants have been successfully formulated into a liquid prototype product that shows excellent in vitro control of a series of economically important plant fungal pathogens. Two in vivo field trials confirmed the potential. Currently a series of in vivo trials are undertaken in order to obtain sufficient data for registration as a natural fungicide. The active ingredients have been identified previously and elucidation of its mechanism of action revealed disintegration of hyphe cell walls leading to inhibition of mycelium growth. Further, expression of the PR2, PR3 and PR9 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana following treatment with the product indicated that the PR-protein defence system of crops can be activated as a secondary control measure against fungal disease. A commercial product is envisaged in three years.

Mr Johan Barnard was appointed as a lecturer in Agronomy. His research focuses on managing salinity associated with irrigation in selected areas of South Africa. Students preparing plots for a field trial.

Research Outputs Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences

Annual Report 2011 45

Research articles Du Preez, C.C., Van Huyssteen, C.W. & Mnkeni, P. 2011. Land use and Jennings, K. & Van Huyssteen, C.W. 2011. The effect of degree and soil organic matter in South Africa. 1. A review on spatial variability duration of water saturation on selected redox indicators. 1. pe, Fe2+ and the influence of rangeland stock production. South African and Mn2+. South African Journal of Plant and Soil 28: 119-126. Journal of Science 107: 27-34. Kuenene, B.T., Van Huyssteen, C.W., Le Roux, P.A.L. & Hensley, M. Du Preez, C.C., Van Huyssteen, C.W. & Mnkeni, P. 2011. Land use and 2011. Facilitating interpretation of the Cathedral Peak VI catchment soil organic matter in South Africa. 2. A review on the influence of hydrograph using soil drainage curves. South African Journal of arable crop production. South African Journal of Science 107: 35-42. Geology 114: 525-534. Elhag, M.M. & Walker, S. 2011. A decision support tool to assess Lauer, F., Kosters, R., Du Preez, C.C. & Amelung, W. 2011. Microbial desertification condition in arid and semi-arid regions. International Journal of Water Resources and Arid Environments 1: 378-381. residues as indicators of soil restoration in South African secondary pastures. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43: 787-794. Hensley, M., Bennie, A.T.P., Van Rensburg, L.D. & Botha, J. 2011. Review of ‘plant available water’ aspects of water use efficiency Lobe, I., Sandhage-Hofmann, A., Brodowski, S., Du Preez, C.C. & under irrigated and dryland conditions. Water SA 28: 191-201. Amelung, W. 2011. Aggregate dynamics and associated soil organic 46

Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Free StateProvince ofSouthAfrica. on rainfallcharacteristicswithreferencetomaizeproductioninthe Moeletsi, M.E.,Walker, S.&Landman,W. 2011.ENSOandimplications South AfricanHighveld. Geoderma162:251-259. matter contentsasinfluencedby prolongedarablecroppinginthe in coir.EuropeanJournalofHorticulturalScience 76:151-157. procedure forthecalibrationofEC-10and EC-20capacitancesensors Van derWesthuizen, R.J.&Van Rensburg,L.D.2011.Alaboratory and Pasture Science62:189-197. stimulatory propertiesofaLupinusalbusL. seedsuspension.Crop Van derWatt, E.&Pretorius,J.C.2011.Invitroandinvivo bio- 244-247. and ECH2O-TEsensors.SouthAfricanJournalofPlantSoil measurements fromceramicsuctioncups,wetting frontdetectors & DuPreez,C.C.2011.Interpretationofelectricalconductivity Van derLaan,M.,Stirzaker, R.J.,Annandale, J.G.,Bristow, K.L. model. NutrientCycling inAgroecosystems 90:391-404. sugarcane croppingsystemsusingthenewlydeveloped Canegro-N Identification ofopportunitiesforimproved nitrogenmanagementin Van derLaan,M.,Miles,N.,Annandale,J.&DuPreez,C.C.2011. Preservation 35:331-341. environment onqualityofcarrots.JournalFoodProcessingand 2011. Theeffectofpreharvest treatment, disinfectionandstorage Seyoum, T., Osthoff,G.,Steyn,M.S.,Engelbrecht,G.M.& Pretorius, J.C. Journal ofPlantandSoil28:34-42. cane (Saccharumhybridsp.)productioninMauritius.SouthAfrican aggregate propertiesandtotalavailablewaterasaffectedby sugar Ng Cheong.L.,Kee Kwong, K.&DuPreez,C.C. Africa. AgriculturalWater Management98:1641-1648. systems underdrylandconditionsintheLimpopoProvince ofSouth water productivityofsunflower asaffectedby tillageandcropping Mzezewa, J.,Gwata,E.&Van Rensburg,L.D.2011.Yieldandseasonal Province ofSouthAfrica.Water SA37:1-8. from abareclayey soilonasemi-aridecotopeintheLimpopo Mzezewa, J.&Van Rensburg,L.D.2011.Effectsoftillageonrunoff 167-174. and mulchingundersemi-aridconditions.AgriculturalSciences2: and simulatingmaize(ZeamaysL.)yieldresponsestoreducedtillage Mupangwa, W., Dimes,J.,Walker, S.&Twomlow, S.2011.Measuring Earth 36:715-726. Technical assistantspreparingpotsforaglasshousetrial. Physics andChemistryofthe 2011.Soil 28: survey ofanareaalongtheVaal River inSchmidtsdrift . Report Le Roux,P.A.L. &Van derMerwe, R.H.2011.Reportonthesoil Research reports Madison: AmericanSocietyofAgronomy. pp.339-350. Building aStableBaseforAgriculture,editedby J.Hatfield&T. Sauer. and itsimplicationsforsoilmanagement.In Walker, S.,Stigter,C.,Ofori,E.&Kyei-Baffour, N.2011.Intercropping Oxfordshire: CABInternational.pp.42-90. Natural productsinPlantPest Management,editedby N.K.Dubey. stimulatory activitiesinanintegratedpestmanagementsystem.In Commercial prospectsintermsofantimicrobial,herbicidalandbio- Pretorius, J.C.&Van derWatt, E.2011.Naturalproductsfromplants: pp 101-132. edited by P. Tow, I.Cooper,Partridge&C.Birch.Dordrecht:Springer. structure, operationandmanagement.InRainfedFarmingSystems, and useinrainfedfarmingsystems–theirrelationshiptosystem O’Leary, G.,Walker, S.,Joshi,N.&White,J.2011.Water availability in SugarandIntegratedTechnologies. pp.31-38. Singh &S.Solomon.NewDelhi:InternationalAssociationofProfessionals Marketing Strategies,editedby M.K.Srivastava,Yang-Rui Li,G.P. Rao,P. Production inDeveloping Countries:SustainableTechnologies and after aseven year sugarcanecropcycle. InBalancingSugarandEnergy the agronomicandenvironmentalphosphorusstatusofsoilsinMauritius Mardamootoo ,T., NgKee Kwong, K.&DuPreez,C.C.2011.Evolution of Inc. pp.87-102. Research, editedby J.A.Daniels,NewYork: Nova SciencePublishers crop productioninsemi-aridareas.InAdvances inEnvironmental rainwater harvesting andsoilwaterconservationtechniquesfor Joseph, L.F., Van Rensburg, L.D.&Botha,J. Chapters inbooks Journal ofPlantandSoil27:242-251. indicators ofhillslopehydrology inBedfordcatchment,SouthAfrican. Van Tol, J.J.,LeRoux,P.A.L., Hensley,M.&Lorentz,S.2011.Soil rivers. Water SA37:739-749. Commission projectsalongthelower Vaal, Riet,BergandBreede Salinity guidelinesforirrigation:CasestudiesfromWater Research Van Rensburg,L.D.,DeClercq,W., Barnard,J.H.&DuPreez,C.C.2011. A sunflower trialevaluatingherbicidedamage. 2011.Reviewon Soil Management: commissioned by the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Hensley, M., Bennie, A.T.P., Van Rensburg, L.D. & Botha, J. 2011. Rural Development, Northern Cape, South Africa. Review of ‘plant available water’ aspects of water use efficiency Seaman, M.T., Watson, M., Avenant, M.F., Barker, C.H., Buschke, under irrigated and dryland conditions. Paper delivered at the South F.T., Dennis, I., Joubert, A., Kemp, M.E., King, J., Le Roux, P.A.L., African Water Research Commission (WRC) 40-Year Celebration Redelinghuys, N., Rossouw, L., Rowntree, K., Sokolic, F., Van der Conference, Emperor’s Palace, Johannesburg, South Africa. 31 August Waal, B., Van Rensburg, L.D., Van Tol, J.J. & Vos, A.T. 2011. Report on – 1 September. the Mokolo River workshop input to decision support system (DSS). Kosters, R., Du Preez, C.C. & Amelung, W. 2011. Lignin dynamics Report commissioned by the Water Research Commission, Pretoria, and abundances of 13C and 15N in secondary pasture soils after land South Africa. use change in the South African Highveld. Paper delivered at the Van Jaarsveld, C.M., Du Preez, C.C., Zharare, G. & Smit, M. 2011. Soil Annual Conference on Tropical and Subtropical Agricultural and rehabilitation of the Hillendale mine: Effect of gypsum application Natural Resource Management (TROPENTAG2011), University of Bonn, on properties of a reconstituted soil and resulting sugarcane growth Germany. 5-7 October. thereon. Report commissioned by Exxaro KZN Sands, Richards Bay, Kotze, E. & Du Preez, C.C. 2011. Effect of grassland condition on South Africa. selected soil fertility properties. Paper delivered at the 8th Annual Van Jaarsveld, C.M., Du Preez, C.C., Zharare, G. & Smit, M. 2011. Soil Inkaba yeAfrica (IyA) Workshop, Cape Town International Convention rehabilitation of the Hillendale mine: Effect of filtercake application Centre, Cape Town, South Africa. 28 August – 2 September. on properties of a reconstituted soil and resulting sugarcane growth Kotze, E., Du Preez, C.C. & Akhosi, M.C. 2011. Effect of land use on soil thereon. Report commissioned by Exxaro KZN Sands, Richards Bay, humic substances in different semi-arid agro-ecosystems in the Free South Africa. State Province, South Africa. Paper delivered at the Conference on Van Jaarsveld, C.M., Du Preez, C.C., Zharare, G. & Smit, M. 2011. Soil Ecology of Soil Micro-organisms: Microbes as important drivers of soil rehabilitation of the Hillendale mine: Effect of phosphorus application processes, Prague, Czech Republic. 27 April – 1 May. on properties of a reconstituted soil and resulting sugarcane growth Le Roux, P.A.L., Van Tol, J.J., Hensley, M. & Lorentz, S. 2011. Soil thereon. Report commissioned by Exxaro KZN Sands, Richards Bay, indicators of hillslope hydrology. Paper delivered at the General South Africa. Assembly of European Geosciences Union (EGU), Vienna, Austria. 4-8 Walker, S. 2011. Report on AquaCrop locally important crops. Report April. commissioned by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Lebenya, R.M, Van Huyssteen, C.W. & Du Preez, C.C. 2011. Soil carbon Nations, Rome, Italy. stocks in the Weatherley catchment, eight years after conversion to forestry. Paper delivered at the 8th Annual Inkaba yeAfrica (IyA) Conference contributions Workshop, Cape Town International Convention Centre, Cape Town, South Africa. 28 August – 2 September. Bello, Z.A., Walker, S. & Tfwala, C.M. 2011. Production of leaf amaranth under rainfed and irrigation in a semi-arid region of South Lindstadter, A., Bruser, K., Schellberg, J., Oomen, R., Rupert, J., Africa. Paper delivered at the 10th African Crop Science Society Du Preez, C.C. & Ewart, F. 2011. Is degradation of South African Conference (ACSS): From Soil to Soul – Crop production for improved grasslands related to temporal variability or spatial autocorrelation African livelihoods and a better environment for future generations, of vegetation parameters. Paper delivered at the Annual Conference Maputo, Mozambique. 10-13 October. on Tropical and Subtropical Agricultural and Natural Resource Management (TROPENTAG2011), University of Bonn, Germany. 5-7 Clayton, H.G., Kotze, E., Rhode, O. & Du Preez, C.C. 2011. Influence October. of conventional tillage on soil enzyme activities in semi-arid South Africa. Paper delivered at the 4th International Conference on Loke, P.F., Kotze, E. & Du Preez, C.C. 2011. Effects of long-term wheat Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology, and Applications, residue management on organic nitrogen in an Avalon soil. Paper th Germany Conference Hotel, Bad Nauheim, Germany. 17-21 July. delivered at the 8 Annual Inkaba yeAfrica (IyA) Workshop, Cape Town International Convention Centre, Cape Town, South Africa. 28 Clayton, H.G., Kotze, E., Rhode, O. & Du Preez. C.C. 2011. Long-term August – 2 September. effects of tillage practices on enzymes in a soil cropped annually th Maluleke, P., Steyn, A.S. & Loepmeier, F. 2011. Measuring the climatic to wheat. Paper delivered at the 8 Annual Inkaba yeAfrica (IyA) Annual Report 2011 Workshop, Cape Town International Convention Centre, Cape Town, regimes around a shelterbelt in semi-arid central South Africa. Paper South Africa. 28 August – 2 September. delivered at the 8th Annual Inkaba yeAfrica (IyA) Workshop, Cape 47 Town International Convention Centre, Cape Town, South Africa. 28 De Wet, L. & Walker, S. 2011. Learning through problem-based August – 2 September. classes: How do students feel? Paper delivered at CALMet IX Conference, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. 3-8 Nape, K.M., Steyn, A.S. & Ceronio, G.M. 2011. Recommended maize October. production practices under various seasonal rainfall scenarios in the Modder River catchment, South Africa. Paper delivered at the Dewitte, O., Jones, A., Spaargaren, O., Breuning-Madsen, H., Brossard, 8th Annual Inkaba yeAfrica (IyA) Workshop, Cape Town International M., Dampha, A., Gallali, T., Jones, R., Kalisara, M., Le Roux, P.A.L., Convention Centre, Cape Town, South Africa. 28 August – 2 Micheli, E., Thiombiano, L., Van Ranst, E., Yemefack, M., Zougmore, R., September. Bosco, C. & Montanarella, L. 2011. Soil science in a changing world. Paper delivered at the 1st Wageningen Conference on Applied Soil Nape, K.M., Steyn, A.S. & Ceronio, G.M. 2011. The influence of Science, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 18-22 September. management practices on rainfed maize production under various seasonal rainfall scenarios. Paper delivered at the 3rd African Gorgens, A., Grové, B., Annandale, J., Lorentz, S., Jovanovic, N., Du Preez, C.C., Matthews, N., Van der Laan, M., Le Roux, J. & Lyons, S. Regional Conference of ICID (CRAF) and the African Show of Irrigation 2011. Agriculture non-point source pollution: modeling and economics. and Drainage (SAFID), Bamako, Mali. 29 November – 5 December. Paper delivered at the South African Water Research Commission (WRC) Nape, K.M., Steyn, A.S. & Ceronio, G.M. 2011. Validation of APSIM 40-Year Celebration Conference, Emperor’s Palace, Johannesburg, using various management practices in the Modder River catchment, South Africa. 31 August – 1 September. South Africa. Paper delivered at the 27th Annual Conference of South Heine, M.H., Van Rensburg, L.D. & Du Preez, C.C. 2011. Decomposition African Society for Atmospheric Sciences, Hartbeespoort, Pretoria, rates of crop residues under an irrigated no-tillage practice. Paper South Africa. 22-23 September. delivered at the 8th Annual Inkaba yeAfrica (IyA) Workshop, Cape Nthejane, M.M., Du Preez, C.C. & Van Huyssteen, C.W. 2011. Town International Convention Centre, Cape Town, South Africa. 28 Comparison of phosphorus extraction methods for agronomic August – 2 September. practices. Paper delivered at the 8th Annual Inkaba yeAfrica (IyA) 48

Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences www.ufs.ac.za +27514022212 Website: E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +27514012212 Telephone: 9300 South Africa Bloemfontein PO Box 339 University oftheFreeState Sciences Department ofSoil,CropandClimate Faculty ofNaturalandAgriculturalSciences Prof. ChrisduPreez of Pretoria,SouthAfrica.3-8October. meteorology. Paperdelivered attheCALMetIXConference,University Steyn, A.S.2011.Apracticalapproachtoinstructingdynamic August –2September. Town InternationalConvention Centre,CapeTown, South Africa.28 Africa -Arevisitafterfourdecades.Paperdelivered atthe46 M. &Newby, T. 2011.Degradedvegetation inBethlehem,South Odendaal, C.,Steyn,A.S.,Betz,H.,Dingaan,M.,Walker, S.,Tsubo, South Africa.28August–2September. Workshop, CapeTown InternationalConvention Centre,CapeTown, heat island.Paperdelivered atthe27 Snyman, P. &Steyn,A.S.2011.Monitoringthe2DBloemfonteinurban on NaturalScience,Pretoria,SouthAfrica.27-28October. eiland gedurendewinter.Paperdelivered attheStudentSymposium Snyman, P. &Steyn,A.S.2011.DieBloemfonteinstedelike hitte- University ofBonn,Germany.5-7October. Agricultural andNaturalResourceManagement(TROPENTAG2011), delivered attheAnnualConferenceonTropicalandSubtropical rangeland managementinthegrasslandbiome,SouthAfrica. Amelung, W. 2011.Soilpropertiesundertheinfluenceofdifferent Sandhage-Hofmann, A.,Kotze, E.,Meinel,J.,DuPreez,C.C.& Africa. 11-15July. Grootfontein AgriculturalDevelopment Institute,Middelburg,South Advancing RangelandEcologyandPastureManagementinAfrica, Annual CongressoftheGrasslandSocietySouthernAfrica(GSSA): methodology. Paperdelivered atthe8 features onlightningintheFreeStateprovince ofSouthAfrica:a Odendaal, C.&Steyn,A.S.2011.Influenceofphysicalgeographical South Africa.28August–2September. Workshop, CapeTown InternationalConvention Centre,CapeTown, Contact details delivered atthe8 characteristics oftheBloemfonteinurbanheatisland. Snyman, P., Steyn,A.S.&Olesen,F. South Africa.22-23September. African SocietyforAtmosphericSciences,Hartbeespoort,Pretoria, th AnnualInkabayeAfrica (IyA)Workshop, Cape 2011.Spatialandtemporal th th AnnualConferenceofSouth AnnualInkabayeAfrica (IyA) Academic staff Moeti, GabriëlMokoena, EdwardNthoba Technical Assistants:MessrsSamuelBoer,DaniëlMavuya, Edwin van Heerden Senior Assistants:MssRonelleEtzebeth,BrendaOosthuizen, Rida Elmarie vanderWatt Professional Officers:MsYvonne Dessels,MrWilhelmHoffman,Dr Abraham Steyn Lecturers: MrJohanBarnard,MsLindadeWet, MsElmarieKotzé, Mr Engelbrecht, PieterleRoux Senior Lecturers:DrsJamesAllemann,GertCeronio,Gesine Affiliated AssociateProfessor:Prof.MalcolmHensley Associate Professor:Prof.CornievanHuyssteen Sue Walker Professors: ProfsChrisduPreez,SeefPretorius,LeonvanRensburg, Paper Paper th

Africa. Paperdelivered atthe8 scenarios todailymaximumtemperaturesover Kimberley,South Tharaga, P.C. &Steyn,A.S.2011.Downscaling climatechange Institute, Middelburg,SouthAfrica.11-15July. Management inAfrica,GrootfonteinAgriculturalDevelopment Southern Africa(GSSA):Advancing RangelandEcologyandPasture – 1September. Conference, Emperor’sPalace,Johannesburg,SouthAfrica.31August African Water ResearchCommission(WRC)40-Year Celebration Management guidelinesforsalinisation.Paperdelivered attheSouth Van Rensburg,L.D.,DeClercq,W., Barnard,J.H.&DuPreez,C.C.2011. South Africa.2-5Augustus. and Prosperity,ProteaHotelKrugerGate,Hazyview,Mpumalanga, Congress 2011:SustainableIrrigationfor2011People, thePlanet correctness withSAPWAT3 version 2.Paperdelivered attheSABI Van Heerden,P. & Walker, S.2011.Testing cropcoefficient January. through Science,University ofPretoria,SouthAfrica.17-20 Society forHorticultureSciences:Taking CareoftheFOODBALL Southern AfricanWeed ScienceSocietyandtheSouthernAfrican of SouthAfrica,theAfricanSocietyCropProduction, delivered attheCombinedCongressofSoilScienceSociety efficiency usingon-farmmeasurementandmodeling.Paper Nitrogen managementinsugarcanecroppingsystems:chasing Van derLaan,M.,Miles,N.,Annandale,J.&DuPreez,C.C. South Africa.28August–2September. Workshop, CapeTown InternationalConvention Centre,CapeTown, delivered atthe46 quality ofkikuyu-ryegrass pastureinthesouthernCape.Paper Swanepoel, P.A., Botha,P., DuPreez,C.C.&Snyman,H.A. Centre, CapeTown, SouthAfrica.28August–2September. Inkaba yeAfrica (IyA)Workshop, CapeTown InternationalConvention the FreeStategoldfieldsregion.Paperdelivered atthe8 Steyn, A.S.2011.Temperature projectionsforthe21stcenturyover th AnnualCongressoftheGrasslandSociety th AnnualInkabayeAfrica (IyA) 2011.Soil th Annual 2011. Departments in the Building Sciences 50

Department of Architecture Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences The 5 sustainability. and implementationsespeciallyintermsofenvironmental their work andgave insightsintotheirdesignprocesses Town andMrTom KundigofSeattleUSA,whobothpresented Lecture featuredlocalarchitectMrMokena Makeka ofCape The minicongressconcurrentwiththeSophiaGrayMemorial Interpretation Centre. 2009 World BuildingoftheYear Award fortheMapungubwe Learnt inTranslation.Peter Richwasthewinnerof Lecture andExhibition,presentedby MrPeter Rich,entitled One suchhighlightwasthe23 number ofhighlights. During 2011theDepartmentofArchitectureexperienceda Overview conference wasentitledRuinationasMetaphorandProcess: Bitzer served asguesteditor oftheassociatedissue.The van derWesthuizen served astheorganizersandMrRudolf Bitzer, MrKobus du Preez,Prof.Walter Peters andDrDiaan was hostedby theDepartmenton8and9July.MrRudolf Campus) wasannouncedastheRegionalwinnerof th Borderline –MediatedLandscape:AWater Research SouthAfricanJournalofArtHistoryconference Centre fortheUniversity oftheFreeState(QwaQwa “M.Arch.(Prof) StudentJurieSwartandhisproject: Corobrik StudentoftheYear competition.” rd SophiaGrayMemorial Department of of theYear competition.He,aswell asrunners-upMarko announced astheRegionalwinner oftheCorobrikStudent the University oftheFree State(QwaQwa Campus)was – MediatedLandscape:AWater ResearchCentrefor M.Arch.(Prof) studentJurieSwartandhisproject: Week FilmFestivalheld10–23October2011. level andasaresultwasscreenedatthePragueArchitecture utopian ordystopian.Thefilmwent ontowinatnational can offeravisionofthefutureSouthAfricancity-either Man. Thecompetition,titledScienceFriction,asked how one Institute’s ShortFilmCompetitionwiththeirfilmUmbrella and ErickOuko participatedintheCementandConcrete Wessels, JohanduPreez,DariusCoertse,AndréKrige B.Arch.Stud.(Hons). studentsVictorSalzmann,Rohann Rudolf BitzerandMsWanda Verster. Peters, DrDiaanvanderWesthuizen, MrKobus duPreez,Mr Staff, whoalsopresentedpapers,includedProf.Walter attended by several nationalcolleaguesandresearchers. Ideals, DamageandthePassing ofTime.Theconferencewas Architecture – MsMartieBitzer Borderline 05 52

Department of Architecture Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences years toJohannesburgandthehonoursstudentsMaputo. to Clarens,thesecondyears travelled toDurban,thethird enjoyable. Firstyear studentstouredtoPhilippolisandlater various year groupswere onceagaininformative and The annualstudytoursundertaken by studentsinthe Activities andachievements receive theirdegreescumlaude. and 8inthedesigncomponent,ofthesestudentsareto distinctions inthetechnicalcomponentoftheirdissertations The M.Arch.(prof)classperformedwell: 14candidatesreceived architects were embracingthesustainabilityagenda. prize forbestuseofclaymasonry),demonstratedthatfuture Pretorius andIanCox andMartinPotgieter (winnerofthe Martie Bitzer,andMartinPotgieter whoreceived anawardforthebestuseofclaymasonry. Cox, thewinnerofregionalfinals 2011CorobrikArchitecturalStudentoftheYear JurieSwart,withDepartmentalChairperson Ms Pictured attheawardceremonyarefrom left:GaryWestwood FSManager Corobrik,firstrunner-upMarko Ian Pretorius,secondrunner-up Ms MartieBitzer design approach. the visualobject-buildinghasonstudent’s drive. Herresearchfocusontheinfluencethat profession asaleadingoneinthesustainable Committee assheviewstheroleofher committees, shealsochairstheUFSSustainable ‘sustainability isthenewnormal’.Sittingon7 Ms MartieBitzerisconvincedthat conferred uponProf.Walter Peters, anilluminatedscroll To hissurprise,theKwaZulu-Natal InstituteforArchitecture Prof. NeilHeideman. the DeanofFacultyNaturalandAgriculturalSciences, at theevents includedtherector,Prof.JonathanJansenand with ascreeningofthestudentfilmUmbrellaMan.Guests The buildingwasofficiallyre-openedon17October2011 Construction startedin2010andwascompletedayear later. expansion andremodellingoftheArchitecturebuilding. Staff memberHenryPretoriuswasresponsibleforthe structure andspace. The projectswere aninvestigation intotheadaptabilityof third year designprojectsinspiredby herlyricsandmusic. On 8March2011,Lira,well known Jazzsinger,judgedofthe From left: Rohann Wessels, Erick Ouko, Darius Coertse, Johan du Preez, Victor Salzmann, André Krige.

marking three decades of editorship of the Journal of the Mr Jako Olivier attended the KZ-NIA master class event in KZ-NIA. Durban from 16-19 June, with internationally acclaimed studio masters, architect Angelo Bucci (Prof. of Design UIC Mr Jan Ras attended the 2011 UIA (Union of International at Barcelona); Elena Rocchi of Spain, and Claudio Vekstein Architects) conference in Tokyo, Design 2050 – Beyond of Argentina. Disaster – in September. He is part of the UIA/SAIA Organisation Committee to host the next UIA congress in Mr Rudolf Bitzer presented a lecture on alternative con- Durban in 2014. struction methods at an UVPersu Wellness event in August. He also presented a lecture at the ESKOM energy efficiency Mr Jan Ras was also part of the UIA/SAIA/COP 17 activities discussion held at Black Mountain outside Bloemfontein in in Durban. These were also attended by Mr Zack Wessels December 2011. and Mr J.T. Erasmus from 28 November - 9 December and a Annual Report 2011 special lecture was presented by Mr Wessels to the students 53 on what was learned at this event. Community service The Winter School took place on the 13th and 14th of July in order to provide high school learners who are considering a career in architecture with some understanding on this profession.

Ms Martie Bitzer was the speaker at the annual Staff Health and Wellness Women’s Breakfast on 12 Augustus 2011 with the theme, Architecture – A stage for life, creating ambience. Attended by some 250 women, this took place at the Centenary complex.

As part of the F1 first year group of 2011, Ms Martie Bitzer accompanied 11 students as mentor to the Vrije University in Amsterdam in January 2012.

Weekly research seminars As of 2011, the staff agreed to re-arrange the timetable Lira is pictured here with Theo Gutter third-year student. to release them from teaching duties during the first two 54

Department of Architecture Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences and UFSExtraordinaryProfessorMaresiNerad.Atotalof17 Atkinson, UFSPost-Graduate SchoolHeadProf.NeilRoos, UFS SustainableDevelopment ClusterDirectorProf.Doreen including UFSAffiliateProfessorofArchitectureOraJoubert, themselves presentingandparticipatinginseminars, registered higherdegreecandidates.Visitorsalsoattended, Peters andDrDiaanvanderWesthuizen andpresentationsby combination ofinformationsessionsdelivered by Prof.Walter weekly researchseminars.Theseseminarsconsistedofa periods onFridaymorningstoenableparticipationin Prof. Walter Peters andpast-KZ-NIA-PresidentRodneyHarber. SEEN atthefunctionarefromleft:NinaSaunders,KZ-NIA-President, 1: AFramework forDevelopment. ArchitectureSA : 42-51. Peters, W. 2011.University ofJohannesburg,KingswayCampus.Part Kingsway Campus.SAJournalofArtHistory 26(2):69-80. behind: WilhelmO.Meyer andtheUniversity ofJohannesburg, Peters, W. 2011.Menareasgreatthemonuments theyleave Architecture SA:22-23. Peters, W. 2011.Durban’sBeachfrontUpgradeinPerspective. Research articles Research Outputs appointed asfulltimeresearchassistant. Ms Wanda Verster, arecentgraduateoftheDepartment,was culture inthedepartment. Design andTheorylecturesaswell asimproving theresearch Witwatersrand. Hemadeinvaluablecontributionstoboth of 2011afteracceptingapositionattheUniversity ofthe Dr DiaanvanderWesthuizen lefttheDepartmentatend administrative clerkintheDepartmentfromJanuary1992. Ms AnsueSchulzretiredinAugustof2011afterservingas Staff matters of anyacademic. Communities. Thisisasignificantachievement inthecareer the BuiltEnvironmentonQualityofLifeinLow Income grant for2011hisproposalentitled:TheInfluenceof Dr DiaanvanderWesthuizen received theThuthukaNRF should beconsiderablyenhanced. has graduated,thesupervisorycapacityofdepartment assistant Wanda Verster attheendof2012.Oncethisgroup Steenkamp shouldfollow suitinApril2012,andresearch Preez hassubmittedhisM.Arch.dissertation,studentColleen These seminarshave bornesomefruit:lecturerKobus du supervision andfeedback. system toensurethatallcandidatesobtainregularsupport, seminars were offered.Theseminarsalsoprovide atracking gallery andmuseumdesign.SAJournalofArtHistory 26(2):143-156. Verster, W. 2011.Theroleofphotography,place andmemoryin Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur.SAJournalofArtHistory 26(2):126-162. Van derVyver, Y. 2011.Geologyandruinassettlement generators in 2: Realisation.ArchitectureSA:57-70. Peters, W. 2011.University ofJohannesburg,Kingsway Campus.Part Department ofArchitecture Conference contributions Bitzer, R. 2011. Ruins, ruination and response ideas about minding Process: Ideals, Damage, and the Passing of Time, University of the what is lost to interpret what is left. Paper presented at the 5th Annual Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 8-9 July. Conference of the South African Journal of Art History: Ruination Van der Vyver, Y. 2011. Geology and ruin as settlement generators as Metaphor and Process: Ideals, Damage, and the Passing of Time, in Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur. Paper presented at the 5th Annual University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 8-9 July. Conference of the South African Journal of Art History: Ruination Du Preez, K. & Kotze, P. 2011. President Brandt Cemetery in as Metaphor and Process: Ideals, Damage, and the Passing of Time, th Bloemfontein. Paper presented at the 5 Annual Conference of University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 8-9 July. the South African Journal of Art History: Ruination as Metaphor and Van der Westhuizen, D. 2011. Ruination of the colonial conception of Process: Ideals, Damage, and the Passing of Time, University of the space in the evolution of a city: evidence for the city of Bloemfontein, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 8-9 July. 1848-2010. Paper presented at the 5th Annual Conference of the Olivier, J., Raman, P. & Perold, R. 2011. International relevance South African Journal of Art History: Ruination as Metaphor and through local significance. Paper presented at the South African Process: Ideals, Damage, and the Passing of Time, University of the Visual Arts Historians (SAVAH) and the Comité International d’Histoire Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 8-9 July. de l’Art (CIHA) Colloquium: Art History in (South) Africa and the Global South, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Verster, W. 2011. The role of photography, place and memory in th 12-15 January. gallery and museum design. Paper presented at the 5 Annual Conference of the South African Journal of Art History: Ruination Peters, W. 2011. Aspects of Townships and Conservation. Paper as Metaphor and Process: Ideals, Damage, and the Passing of Time, presented at the UKZN–KZNIA Education in a Changing Built University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 8-9 July. Environment Conference, Durban, South Africa. 16-17 September. Peters, W. 2011. Men are as great as the monuments they leave behind: Wilhelm O. Meyer and the University of Johannesburg, Creative outputs Kingsway Campus. Paper presented at the 5th Annual Conference of Pretorius, H. Extension and Remodelling of Department of the South African Journal of Art History: Ruination as Metaphor and Architecture Building, UFS main campus

Contact details Staff

Ms Martie Bitzer Departmental Chair: Ms Martie Bitzer Annual Report 2011 Department of Architecture Professor: Prof. Walter Peters 55 Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Affiliate Professor: Prof. Ora Joubert sciences Senior Lecturers: Ms Martie Bitzer, Dr Diaan van der Westhuizen University of the Free State P.O. Box 339 Lecturers: Mr Gerhard Bosman, Mr Kobus du Preez and Mr Jan Ras Bloemfontein Junior Lecturers: Mr Henry Pretoruis, Mr Jako Olivier, Mr Rudolf Bitzer, Mr JT South Africa Erasmus, Mr Jan Nel and Mr Hein Raubenheimer 9300 Contract Lecturers: Mr Charl-Pierre Cilliers, Ms Carmen Dickens, Ms Telephone: 051 401 2332 Madelein Markram, Ms Katie Salzmann, Mr Jacobus Smit, Mr Zack Wessels Fax: 051 444 5108 and Ms Helena Jordaan-Olivier E-mail: [email protected] Departmental Clerical Assistant: Ms Zelda Bronkhorst Website: http://natagri.ufs.ac.za/ Departmental Secretary: Ms Yolanda Pretorius content.aspx?DCode=101 Computer Laboratory Assisstant: Mr Lindelo Keswa Messenger: Ms Joyce Mohatlane Research Assistant: Ms Wanda Verster 56

Department of Quantity Surveying and Construction Management Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Construction Management lecturers andstudentsalsopresented fourteensuccessful and comprehensive results were published.Departmental and theConstructionIndustryDevelopment Board(CIDB) with theCouncilforScientificand IndustrialResearch(CSIR) The departmenttookpartincontinuousresearchprojects Prize forheroutstandingacademicachievements in2010. in 2010.MsE.MalherbewasawardedthenationalBellJohn African QuantitySurveyors forheroutstandingperformance receive thenationalgoldmedalfromAssociationofSouth were awardedprestigiousnationalawards:MsF. Samuelisto Some outstandingstudentsofthedepartmentonceagain council totheuniversity. (SACVP) wasagainconfirmedin2011afteravisitby the South AfricanCouncilforthePropertyValuation Profession The University oftheFreeState’s(UFS)accreditationby the highlights. events anddevelopments andexperiencedanumberof Construction Managementwasinvolved invariousactivities, During 2011,theDepartmentofQuantitySurveying and Overview Quantity Surveying and was awardedtheGoldMedalofAssociation South AfricanQuantitySurveyors.” “Once againaKovsie (UFS)student Department of the constructionindustryasawhole. TheDepartmenthas significant contributionstothevarious professionsandto Over thepastfewyears, thedepartmenthasdelivered Programme (IPMP),alsosupported by SAPOA. students completedtheIntensive ProjectManagement African PropertyOwnersAssociation(SAPOA) and28 Management Programme(FMP)supportedby theSouth learning programme;153studentscompletedtheFacilities In 2011,79studentswere registeredfortheQCPopen programmes andcoursesasanadditionaltrainingaction. The departmentalsopresentsvariousregisteredshort on master’slevel and7Ph.D.students. undergraduate students;150honoursstudents,36students programmes. In2011,thedepartmentserved atotalof252 through themediumofresidentialandopenlearning In thefieldofeducation,studentsareofferedlectures outputs were achieved by thedepartment. Manchester andHelsinki.Intotal11,75officialresearch papers atinternationalcongressesinAmsterdam,Bristol, – Prof.BasieVerster 06 58

Department of Quantity Surveying and Construction Management Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences The Southern Africa(ASOCSA). Members oftheAssociationSchoolsConstructionin Dr HendrikMarxandMrStephenRamaboduareCouncil also serve ontheCIOBcouncil. UFS Councilin2011.Prof.BasieVerster andMrCarlvanZyl Building) SouthernAfrica.Prof.Verster alsoserved onthe President (education)oftheCIOB(CharteredInstitute Prof. BasieVerster, HeadoftheDepartmentisVice Chartered InstituteofBuilding(CIOB),alsointheUK. Institution ofCharteredSurveyors (RICS)intheUK,and Internationally, thedepartmentisaccreditedby theRoyal Council forthePropertyValuers Profession(SACPVP). Management Professions(SACPCMP), andtheSouthAfrican the SouthAfricanCouncilforProjectandConstruction Council fortheQuantitySurveying Profession(SACQSP), also maintainedstatutoryaccreditationby theSouthAfrican its 18 Chartered Surveyors (RICS).In2011,thejournalcelebrated Surveying Profession(SACQSP) andtheRoyal Institutionof endorsed by theSouthAfricanCouncilforQuantity was published. In 2011,the27 and eightintroductionshave beenpublished. 12 internationalarticles,14commentaries, 8bookreviews sciences. Since1993,86research articles, 18review researchers inthefieldsofphysicalanddevelopment independent, peer-reviewed articlesby localandoverseas Acta Structiliaisafullyaccreditedscientificjournal, Prof. BasieVerster th year. Thisjournalofferspublicationopportunitiesfor th publicationofthestudentjournal, Bouvaria, (SACQSP; 2004-2009). Council fortheQuantitySurveying Profession Research (ESR)CommitteeoftheSouthAfrican Chairman oftheEducationStandardsand Engineering Council,2004–2006.Heisthe 1998, andChairmanoftheInternationalCost Alliance ofDevelopment Professions(S.A.)in Surveyors (ASAQS) in1997,Chairmanofthe of theAssociationSouthAfricanQuantity professional community.HewasPresident Prof. BasieVerster isvery active inthe and MrCarlvanZyl(lecturer). from theleft:MsF. Samuel(Goldmedal),MsE.Malherbe( recipient) der Merwe, MrJ.FurstenburgandEDegenaar(recipients)Front from theleft:MrPierreOosthuizen(lecturer) MrJ.Pieterse,M.van and ConstructionManagementreceived prestigiousawards:Back Some outstandingstudentsofthedepartment QuantitySurveying the ASOCSAcongress. Congress inPort ElizabethduringSeptember2011aswell as construction andstudentsalsoattendedtheSACQSP National construction sitestoseethepracticalimplicationsof Many studentsfromthedepartmentvisitedvarious Students of the Department of Quantity Surveying and Construction Management visited the site of the new Economics and Management Sciences building on campus.

Annual Report 2011 59 60

Department of Quantity Surveying and Construction Management Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences practice. Paperpresentedatthe6 contractor development report:Acasestudyinpursuanceofbest Dlungwana, S.&Hauptfleisch,A.C.2011.Aquantifiedemerging Conference contributions 6 preferences anddevelopment directives. sustainable private retirementvillages:Establishmentofresident Hauptfleisch, A.C.&DuPreez,O.R.C.2011.Thedevelopment of Endorsed by theInternationalCostEngineeringCouncil(ICEC). Conference: 2020Revisited,Port Elizabeth,SouthAfrica.2September. African CouncilfortheQuantitySurveying Profession(SACQSP) Research development –Thecostofgoinggreen.PaperpresentedatSouth Greyling, C.&Verster, J.J.P. 2011.Sustainablehumansettlement Conference, MarineHotel,Port Elizabeth,SouthAfrica.27-29November. Metropolitan University (NMMU)ConstructionManagement40 construction projectmanager.PaperpresentedattheNelsonMandela Els, M.&Verster, J.J.P. 2011.People skillsascorecompetencyofa South Africa.31July–2August. of SchoolsConstructioninSouthernAfrica(ASOCSA),Johannesburg, corridors inAfrica:Acasestudy.PaperpresentedattheInternational and socio-economicdevelopment resultingfromroadtransport Hauptfleisch, A.C.&Marx,H.J. Sweden. 18-21October. at theSB11HelsinkiWorld SustainableBuildingConference,Helsinki, resulting fromroadtransportcorridorsinAfrica. potential impactonsocio-economicandpropertydevelopment Hauptfleisch, A.C.&Marx,H.J.2011.Acasestudyregardingthe Africa. 31July–2August. Construction inSouthernAfrica(ASOCSA),Johannesburg,South presented atthe6 mentorship inpursuitofmaturityquantitysurveying. Du Preez,O.R.C.&Verster, J.J.P. 2011.Education,trainingand Elizabeth, SouthAfrica.27-29November. Construction Management40Conference,MarineHotel,Port presented attheNelsonMandelaMetropolitanUniversity (NMMU) management knowledge areas:Practiceandreception. Du Preez,O.R.C.&Berry,F.H. 2011.Theadditionalproject (ASOCSA), Johannesburg,SouthAfrica.31July–2August. of theAssociationSchoolsConstructioninSouthernAfrica th BuiltEnvironmentConferenceoftheAssociationSchools th BuiltEnvironmentConferenceoftheAssociation 2011.Thepotentialimpactonproperty th BuiltEnvironmentConference Paper presentedatthe Paperpresented Department ofQuantitySurveying andConstructionManagement Paper Paper Research Outputs Surveyors (RICS),Manchester,UnitedKingdom.12-13September. and BuildingResearchConferenceoftheRoyal InstitutionofChartered and theiragents.Paperpresentedatthe Marx, H.J.2011.Key constructionperformanceindicatorsforemployers Africa (ASOCSA),Johannesburg,SouthAfrica.31July–2August. Conference oftheAssociationSchoolsConstructioninSouthern Province, SouthAfrica.Paperpresentedatthe6 Jacobs, E.2011.Sustainablebuildingawareness intheFreeState September. Research Conference:2020Revisited,Port Elizabeth,SouthAfrica.2 African CouncilfortheQuantitySurveying Profession(SACQSP) Jacobs, E.2011.Elementsofgoinggreen.PaperpresentedatSouth Technology, Amsterdam,theNetherlands.19-23June. for aSustainableBuiltEnvironment(MISBE2011),DelftUniversity of at theInternationalConferenceonManagementandInnovation through educationalprogrammesinSouthAfrica.Paperpresented Proposals forpracticeimprovement anddevelopment support Hauptfleisch, A.C.&Verster, J.J.P. 2011. Amsterdam, theNetherlands.19-23June. Built Environment(MISBE2011),DelftUniversity ofTechnology, Conference onManagementandInnovation foraSustainable COBRA 2011: Construction COBRA 2011:Construction Facilities Management: th BuiltEnvironment Marx, H.J. 2011. Key construction performance indicators measuring Verster, J.J.P. & Weitsz, C. & Zimema, L. 2011. Perceptions of risk contractor satisfaction. Paper presented at the Association of associated with construction contracts: Consequences towards Researchers in Construction Management (ARCOM), Congress, Bristol, 2020. Paper presented at South African Council for the Quantity United Kingdom. 5-7 September. Surveying Profession (SACQSP) Research Conference: 2020 Revisited, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. 2 September. Marx, H.J. 2011. Key performance indicators reflecting the condition of Zulch, B.G. & Verster, J.J.P. 2011. Communication skills. Paper the construction industry. Paper presented at the 6th Built Environment presented at the COBRA 2011: Construction and Building Research Conference of the Association of Schools of Construction in Southern Conference of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), Africa (ASOCSA), Johannesburg, South Africa. 31 July – 2 August. Manchester, United Kingdom. 12-13 September.

Contact details Academic staff Annual Report 2011 61 Prof. J.J.P. (Basie) Verster Professor: J.J.P. (Basie) Verster Department Quantity Surveying and Contract Professor: A.C.(Dries) Hauptfleisch (Midrand) Construction Management Senior Lecturers: Dr Hendrik Marx, Mr Frank Berry University of the Free State Lecturers: Mr Ben Swart, Mr Hendrik van Vuuren, Mr Stephan P.O. Box 339 Ramabodu, Ms Benita Zulch Bloemfontein South Africa Contract Lecturers: Mr Carl van Zyl, Mr Pierre Oosthuizen, Mss Esti 9300 Jacobs, Mart-Marie Els, Olive du Preez

Telephone: +27 51 401 2248 Fax: +27 51 401 3324 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ufs.ac.za 62

Department of Urban and Regional Planning Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Abrahamse wasawardedaR10,000 cashprizeprovided by Housing Awards CeremonyonTuesday13SeptemberMartin At theSouthernAfricanHousingFoundation’s annualNational Activities Property Development Management(Housing). Planning, andanotherwithaBaccalaureusinLand as well asonestudentwithaMagisterinUrbanandRegional graduated withaBaccalaureusinSpatialPlanningHonours, During the2011Springgraduationceremony7students graduated withaBaccalaureusinSpatialPlanningHonours. Development Management(Housing)and12students students graduatedwithaBaccalaureusinLandandProperty graduated withaMaster’sinUrbanandRegionalPlanning,4 During the2011Maygraduationceremony6students degree inUrbanandRegionalPlanning. Honours) inurbanandregionalplanningaswell asadoctoral The departmentofferspostgraduatedegrees(Master’sand Overview spatial interpretationofthedevelopment visionand “The SpatialDevelopment Framework isa Regional Planning Department of regarding theperceptionsofpeople onopenspaces. Kimberley, forthecelebration of World PlanningDay, findings, attheSouthAfricanPlanners InstituteAGM in Mr Y. Mashalabapresented someofhisPh.D.research Research publication afteradoubleblindpeerreviewprocess. Re-worked versions ofthefullpaperswere acceptedfor Schools CongressinPerth, Western Australia(4-11July2011). graduate) eachpresentedapaperattheWorld Planning Dr MaléneCampbellandMrWynandMyburgh(Master’s Spatial PlannerattheMangaungMetropolitanMunicipality), Mr DanieSchoeman(alumnus,moderator,researcherand Programme attheUniversity oftheFreeState. as partoftheMaster’sUrbanandRegionalPlanningDegree capabilities intheServiceLearningHousingModule(BEH752) marks, diligence,timemanagementandexcellent research which wasawardedinrecognitionforobtainingthehighest the CharteredInstituteofHousing(CIH)inUnitedKingdom goals ofthecommunity.” Urban and – Prof.Verna Nel 07 64

Department of Urban and Regional Planning Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences side andtheMaputoofcorridor. practitioners andplanningofficialsonboththeSouthAfrican is beingconductedamongbusinessmen,professional resulting fromtheMaputoDevelopment Corridor.Research the impactonpropertyandsocio-economicdevelopment An ongoingresearchprojectby DrCampbellisdetermining the viabilityoftransformingWelkom intoa‘ScienceCity’. transport, thedevelopment ofaForensicResearchHuband Ms E.Barclayalsoincludetheviabilityofsustainablecampus Cluster forSustainableDevelopment. Researchprojectsby from theAfricanAssociationofPlanningSchoolsandUFS indigenous knowledge baseddevelopment, withfunding Ms E.Barclaywasinvolved invariousresearchprojects Development Planofasmall town. Itisabottom-upprocess students have todevelop ahousingchapteroftheIntegrated In additiontotheBEH752servicelearning moduletheMaster’s Framework andinputsintoanIntegratedDevelopment Plan. plan, ruraldevelopment plan,andSpatialDevelopment economic development plan,tourismtransportation and researchinordertoprovide themunicipalitywithalocal various modulesaredoingcommunitybasedengagement part ofTokologo LocalMunicipality,wherestudentsfrom community servicelearningprojectsinGreaterDealesville, The Departmentrunscombinedcommunityserviceand Community service Prof. Verna Nel with aseniormanagementpost. This includedalltheresponsibilitiesassociated Planning functionfortheCityofTshwane. responsible forthemanagementofCity Planning Institute.UntilAugust2008shewas Planners andamemberoftheSouthAfrican African CouncilforTown andRegional Prof. Verna NelisamemberoftheSouth Settlements &JohnHopkins,CEO–SAHF. Abrahamse, MinisterBonginkosi Madikizela,MECforHuman From theleft:RobertKeats, CIHSouthEastBranch,Martin this servicelearningmoduleallows studentstogainhands-on Development Framework. Outcomesforthestudentsarethat and verifying alignment of identifiedlandwiththeSpatial located landsuitablefordevelopment aswell asinvestigating identified housingneedsandbacklogs,identifyingwell- in thePeoples’ HousingProcess.Thehousingchapter details subsidised housesforlow-income familiesaswell as partners where thestudentsinteractwithrecipientsofgovernment From the left: Mr Danie Schoeman, Dr Maléne Campbell and Mr Wynand Myburgh. Background: City of Perth on the banks of the Swan River.

experience on how to transform housing needs into spatial needs. The impact on the community is that the ‘Housing Voice’ of the community is heard.

Mr Y. Mashalaba took students on a tour of Batho Location in Mangaung, to give a perspective of the current urban renewal efforts with specific reference to the Grootspruit open space. Annual Report 2011 65 Staff Prof. V.J. Nel, Head of the Department, is currently the chairperson of the Committee of Heads of Planning Schools and in that capacity also serves on the Education and Training Committee of the South African Council for Planners. She is also the Department’s representative on the local South African Planning Institute’s committee. In this capacity she facilitated the SAPI skills training workshops in Bloemfontein and Kimberley in July 2011.

The Department has a unique employee track record in that no one has yet resigned, only retired. At the end of 2011 Ms G.M.Steenkamp retired and will be fondly remembered as the environmental activist that taught Environmental A staff member and MURP students enjoying themselves after they circulated questionnaires at the Komatipoort Prawn Festival. From Planning and encouraged those who were shy and unsure of the left at the back: Etienne Terblanche and Antoinette Nel. From the themselves to grow in confidence. left front: Donné van der Merwe, Hendrik Ferreira and Tinus Galloway. 66

Department of Urban and Regional Planning Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University oftheFreeState,Bloemfontein,SouthAfrica. Support (CDS)ResearchReport,LEDandSMMEDevelopment (2), 2011. Clarens:Visitorandbusinesssurvey. CentreforDevelopment Venter, A.,Campbell,M.M.,DeGouveia, A.,Myburgh,W. &Marais,J.G.L. Research reports low carboncitiesinSouthAfrica.Town andRegionalPlanning58:1-5. Nel, V.J. 2011.Landusemanagementsystemasatooltowards achieving International JournalfortheConstructedEnvironment1(2):29-46. level planninginlow-cost housing:TheCaseofTurflaagte Campbell, M.M.&Meades,Z.2011.Urbandesignprinciplesformicro Research articles [email protected] / E-mail: +27514012486/3575 Telephone: 9301 Bloemfontein PO Box 339 University oftheFreeState Department ofUrbanandRegionalPlanning Prof. Verna Nel Contact details axis between thecitiesofBloemfonteinandKimberley,South Campbell, M.M.& Conference contributions [email protected] Myburgh, W.R. 2011.Theviabilityofadevelopment Academic staff Lecturers: MsE.Barclay,MrP.J. Potgieter, MrY. Mashalaba Senior Lecturer:DrM.M.Campbell Professor: Prof.V.J. Nel . The Research Outputs

(Un)Certainty andTransformation,Perth, Western Australia.4-8July. 2011: Planning’sFuture-FuturesPlanning:PlanninginanEraofGlobal South Africa.Paperdelivered attheWorld PlanningSchoolsCongress subsidised housingandmigrantlabourers:thecaseofPhilippolis, Campbell, M.M.,Schoeman,D.A.&Matela,M.2011.Thelocalityof Certainty andTransformation,Perth, Western Australia.4-8July. Planning’s Future-FuturesPlanning:PlanninginanEraofGlobal(Un) Africa. Paperdelivered attheWorld PlanningSchoolsCongress2011: Coast road(R27)between CapeTown andSaldanhaBay,South proposed development axisframework: ThecasealongtheWest Campbell, M.M.,Abrahamse,M.A.,Mdingi,Z.&Smit,R.2011.A Certainty andTransformation,Perth, Western Australia.4-8July. Planning’s Future-FuturesPlanning:PlanninginanEraofGlobal(Un) Africa. Paperdelivered attheWorld PlanningSchoolsCongress2011: Department ofUrbanandRegionalPlanning Departments in the Natural Sciences 68

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences a halfyears offrustration duetorenovations, tocreatea competitive world-class researchandteachingfacility.” building, whichtookplaceinNovember, endingfive and are gratefullyacknowledged. Chemistry under-andpostgraduate studentsduring2010 provided officeandlaboratory spaceandothersupportto senior UFSmanagementaswell asfacultycolleagueswho significant problemsthroughouttheyear. Thesupportof by thefactthatmostactivitieswere continued without commitment ofthedepartment’spersonnelwere illustrated on thedepartment.Inspiteofthis,enthusiasmand classes, theoryandresearchplacedsignificantstress posed arangeofuniqueproblemsintermspractical facility. Interruptionsduetotherenovation processstill create acompetitive world-class researchandteaching five andahalfyears offrustrationduetorenovations, to Chemistry building,whichtookplaceinNovember, ending campus wastheinaugurationofnewlyrenovated year ofChemistry;UNESCO)inChemistryonthemain The singlemostrewardingexperiencefor2011(International Overview Main campus “The singlemostrewardingexperiencefor2011was the inaugurationofnewlyrenovated Chemistry Department of to the South African National Research Foundation’s (NRF) to theSouthAfricanNationalResearch Foundation’s(NRF) is thesuccessfulapplicationof“Applied ProcessChemistry” department continued.Anachievement underthisagreement the extendedsecondmentofProf.BenBezuidenhoudtto The collaborationbetween theUFSandSasol,whichsupports presentations madeatlocalandinternationalconferences. articles publishedininternationalaccreditedjournalsand85 output for2010wasproduced,asmanifestedby 81research 2010. Accordingly, asignificantandsustainedresearch of whom4Ph.D.and12M.Sc.studentsgraduatedduring M.Sc. and36Ph.D.studentsindifferentsub-disciplines, Chemistry consistedoftwelve postdoctoralassociates, 22 infrastructural circumstances.Thepostgraduatecoreof Faculty ofNaturalandAgriculturalSciencesunderdifficult in pursuitofthestrategicprioritiesUFSand Chemistry isproudofthecontinuedqualityandexcellence Having finallyexperiencedthecompletionoffacilities, Chemistry – Prof.AndréRoodt 08 70

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences students tointernationalteachers. in theB.Sc.honoursprogramme,exposingchemistry advanced topicsby outsidescholarsinanumberofcourses The honourscourseagainsawthefurtherrefinementof continue asmainstreamstudents. to theMainCampuscompletetheirpracticalwork and have successfullycompletedthese,theyarepromoted Analytical ChemistryandInorganic Chemistry. Organic andProcessChemistry, PhysicalChemistry, The ChemistryDepartmentconsist offourdivisions,i.e., Departmental activitiesand achievements fundamentals ofthe1 introduced fourseparatemodulescovering thetheoretical new structurefortheextendedprogramme,which The SouthCampussawtheformalintroductionof teaching methodsandcomputersduringclasses. constantly, alsowithrespecttousingmoresophisticated on individualsandchallengedthelecturerstoimprove parallel mediumontheMainCampuswasquitedemanding prime focusofthedepartment.Thecontinuedteachingin Teaching aspectsatundergraduatelevel have againbeena equipment andthedevelopment ofextendedcapacity. This hassourcedanadditionalR3.2millionfortheupgradeof Organic Chemistry(ProfsRoodt,SwartsandBezuidenhoudt). (THRIP) fromcombinedinputsofInorganic,Physicaland Technology andHumanResourcesforIndustryProgramme Prof. AndréRoodt st year programme.Oncestudents Nuclear MedicineandMolecularModelling. Spectroscopy, High-Pressureinsituspectroscopy, Catalysis, Multi-NuclearNMR,IR,UV/Vis Chemistry, X-Ray Crystallography,Homogeneous Organometallic Chemistry,Coordination Reaction Mechanisms,Kinetics, Prof. AndréRoodt’sareasofexpertiseliein and theEuropeanResearchCouncil andbecameamember the PromotionofScienceResearch PartnershipProgramme, Thuthuka Programme,theSouth Africa/JapanSocietyfor as reviewer forresearch proposals fortheNRF’sRevised African RooibosTea Council(R300000).Healsoacted from plantsandalgae(NOK43000)],theSouth [The isolationandstructuredeterminationofcompounds 207 600)],theNorwegian ResearchCouncilbioprospecting Capacity onPlantsforBetterPublicHealthinAfrica(Euro Framework ProgrammeforBuildingSustainableResearch new researchfundingfromtheEuropeanUnion[Seventh the divisionsincehisappointmentin2009.Heobtained Prof. Marstoncontributedsignificantlytotheactivitiesof 5 post-doctoralfellows were actively working inthedivision. Ph.D. studentswere studyingtowards higherdegrees, while Bernadette vanTonder astechnicalassistant.19M.Sc.and Dr CharleneMaraisaspost-doctoralassistantandMs during 2011by MsAnetteAllemanastechnicalofficer, Ms Anke Wilhelm-Moutonaslecturer.Theywere assisted Westhuizen, withDrSusanBonnetasseniorlecturerand Profs BenBezuidenhoudt,AndrewMarstonandJanvander The represented theUFSoninternationalresearchcouncils. universities atundergraduateandpostgraduatelevel and their contributionsasexternalexaminersforanumberof of internationalchemistryjournals,whileothersmade and actedasexternalreviewers fortheNRFandanumber A numberofcolleaguesserved onfacultyandUFScommittees Organic andProcessChemistryDivisionisheadedby The renovations to the Chemistry building have finally been completed. At the inauguration were from left: Dr Chris Reinecke, former Sasol Technology Research and Development Managing Director, Prof. Jannie Swarts (Physical Chemistry), Prof. Frederick Fourie (previous Rector), Prof. André Roodt (HOD, Chemistry). Photo: Stephen Collett

Annual Report 2011 71

of the editorial boards of several international scientific The Process Chemistry group strengthened ties with the journals, like Scientia Pharmaceutica, Planta Medica, Journal catalysis research group of Prof. Manie Vosloo at NWU and of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, and Isan Journal of visited them during the winter holiday. In a ‘Chemistry Pharmaceutical Science (Thailand). He was also invited as Intervarsity’ M.Sc. and Ph.D. students from both universities a visiting professor to the University of Angers (France) and presented their results to their peers and it was agreed gave presentations at 3 workshops organized within the that this interaction should become an annual event. The framework of the EU Muthi Project [at UWC, in Bamako (Mali) visit to Potchefstroom was combined with a visit to a and in Kampala (Uganda)]. chemical production plant in Pretoria (the Chemical Process Technologies production facilities) where students obtained Prof. Jan van der Westhuizen continued his collaboration first-hand experience of typical working conditions in a with Parexel as well as his efforts towards finding industrial chemical industry as well as the challenges faced by industry. applications for natural product research, which led to the filing of two more patents on the synthesis of flavonoids. The division’s research image was expanded by the He also collaborated on projects funded by the Medical participation and attendance of several international and Research Council, the Agricultural Research Council and the national conferences. They attended the CATSA 2011 Bioprospecting Programme of the CSIR on the synthesis of Conference, the International Organization for Chemical bioactive natural products. Sciences in Development Symposium, the 59th International 72

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Plant andNaturalProductResearch,the17 Congress andAnnualMeetingoftheSocietyforMedicinal seconded professortoNWU. Chemistry atUFS;Back;thirdfromleft;Prof.ManieVosloo, Young, Director,CentreforBeneficiation,NWU,andfarright,Prof.Desmond Sasol Visit oftheProcessChemistryGroupstudentstoNWUinPotchefstroom; inOrganic secondfromleft,Prof.BenBezuidenhoudt, SasolProfessor ruthenocene andosmocenederivatives, especiallyinassoci- substituents; titanocene,zirconocene, hafnocene,ferrocene, phyrin andphthalocyaninecompounds bearingmetallocene nuclear metallocenes.Thefocusis onsixprojects,i.e.,por- concerns syntheticandphysicalchemistry aspectsofmulti- The principleresearchquestionoftheSwartsgroup Programme oftherector. from SasolandwasarecipientinthePrestigiousScholarship from Sasol.DrErasmusobtainedayoung researchergrant also fundedby THRIPandindustriallyby research grants is theholderofaThuThukaNRFgrant.TheSwartsgroupwas Conradie C3.BothheldNRFresearchgrants,whileDrLangner Prof. SwartsiscurrentlyC1-ratedby theNRFandProf. Chemistry andwilldevelop herown researchprogramme. Eleanor FouriewasappointedasthelabmanagerinPhysical developing theirown autonomousresearchtopics.Dr respectively. DrErnieLangnerandLizetteErasmusare headed by ProfsJannieSwartsandJeanetConradie, The and Ph.D.students. by thepublishingof13papersandgraduation3M.Sc. The outputsfromthedivisionwere furthercomplemented were presented. Use Forumwhere2lectures(oneplenary)and15posters Symposium onOrganicChemistry,andtheIndigenousPlant Physical Chemistrydivisionhastwo researchgroups th European Germany, onmetalcarboxylates andelectrochemistry). Prof. HenryLang(ChemnitzTechnical University, Chemnitz, of Vermont, Vermont, America,onelectrochemistry)and Canada onmetalcarboxylates); Prof.BillGeiger(University Manuel Aquino (SaintFrancis XavierUniversity, Antigonish, East Anglia,Norwich,Englandonphthalocyanines);Prof. computational chemistry);Prof.Mike Cook(University of Chemistry, University ofGeorgia,Athens,USAon Tromsø, Norway);Prof.Todd C. Harrop (Departmentof Theoretical andComputationalChemistry,University of Hopman (DepartmentofChemistryandCentrefor collaboration withProf.AbhikGhoshandDrKatherine The SwartsandConradiegroupshave international metal complexes arecurrentlybeinginvestigated. and rhodium(III)Dithizonatocompoundsoftransition plexes, Beta-diketonato-carbonyl complexes ofrhodium(I) compounds, O,O’-Chelatedtitanoceneandtitaniumcom- tional chemistry.Transitionmetalporphyrinandrelated complexes andintermediatesby syntheticandcomputa- acterisation ofknown andunknown transitionmetal The researchintheConradiegroupfocusesonchar- tion withSasol. tems supportedontwo-dimensional supportsincollabora- carboxylato complexes andheterogeneouscatalysisofsys- medicinal aspectsofthesecomplexes; industrialstudieson chemical, kineticandthermalanalysesofthesecomplexes; ation withrhodium,iridium,silver, goldandcopper;electro- Dr Erasmus has collaboration with Prof. B. Gates of the University of California at Davis.

During research trips to Europe, Prof. Swarts visited Prof. Henry Lang at the Chemnitz Technical University, Germany (electrochemistry) and Prof. Hans Niemantsverdriet of the Schuit Institute of Catalyses at the Technical University, Eindhoven, the Netherlands. Dr Conradie paid two research visits to the Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Tromsø, Norway. Both staff members presented research lectures. Dr Erasmus had four months sabbatical leave and furthered her collaboration with Prof. Niemantsverdriet and established new research collaboration with Prof. Bruce Gates from the University of California at Davis. Both are Research visitors to UFS Chemistry: From left: Emeritus Prof. Gert heterogeneous catalysis experts. Lamprecht, former head of Physical Chemistry, Prof. Jannie Swarts, current head of Physical Chemistry and Prof. Bill Geiger, a world- Highlights from the Physical Chemistry Division include leading electrochemist from the University of Vermont, USA. the lecture which Prof. Swarts gave at CATSA 2011 and he was also an invited speaker to BITS’s Annual International Conference of Medicem - 2011 in Beijing, China. During 2011, the Swarts and Conradie group twice had cover page articles The group is also involved in different Inorganic Chemistry in high impact journals (Dalton Transactions and European projects, i.e., kinetic and structural studies of organometallic Journal of Inorganic Chemistry). The Conradie group excelled complexes of Iridium (I) and Rhodium(I) oxidative addition with 11 oral contributions at international conferences and reactions, kinetic and structural studies of Rhenium(V) they attended the Accelrys Workshop for Materials Modelling and Osmium(VI) cyanido complexes as well as some Cobalt at the Centre for High Performance Computing in Pretoria. and Chromium aqueous chemistry utilising the techniques The Analytical Chemistry division consists of Prof. Walter described above. Other studies included the investigation Purcell (NRF C3-rated researcher), Dr Karel von Eschwege of photochromic reactions in different transition metal and Dr Rebotsamang Shago and is supported by one Ph.D. complexes, with potential applications in high density and six M.Sc. students. optical molecular switching mechanisms. Techniques such as Pulsed Laser, UV/visible, IR, NMR, Cyclic-Voltammetry, The Analytical Chemistry group was involved in a number Quantum Computational Chemistry (ADF & Gaussian) and of analytical and inorganic projects which included the X-ray Crystallography are employed. dissolution, quantification and method validation of a number of inorganic and ore samples such as zircon, tantalite and The Analytical Section is responsible for elemental analyses columbite to establish methods to accurately identify and for the other sections in the Chemistry department as well quantify the different elements such as niobium, tantalum Geology, Physics and Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences. and rhodium therein. These are done in close cooperation Dr R. Shago undertook two research visits in October to with industrial partners such as NECSA [Advanced Metals Green-Diesel and Biodiesel centre companies both in Cape Annual Report 2011 Initiative (AMI) of the SA Government Department of Science Town. During those visits crude glycerol from Biodiesel 73 and Technology (DST); funding four students to do research production was collected for purification in the economical on the establishment of digestion methods and element use of glycerol research. She also received NRF (Thuthuka) quantification in plasma dissociated and natural zircon as funding on economical use of glycerol as part of renewable well as tantalite minerals] and the Thuthuka Group Limited. energy focus area. Tommy Theron received his M.Sc. (cum laude) and also the prize as the best M.Sc. student in the Microwave and acid dissolution procedures were employed Department of Chemistry for 2010-2011. while Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spec- troscopy (ICPOES), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) The Inorganic Chemistry group focuses on Coordination and Graphite Furnace AAS, Ultraviolet/visible and Infrared Chemistry and the integrated investigation of reaction spectroscopy were used to identify and quantify the differ- mechanisms through the use of crystallography, spectro- ent elements, using ISO 17025 criteria as benchmark. Tech- scopy, computational chemistry and reaction kinetics. Three niques such as X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence research sub-thrusts concentrate on the applications to (Department of Geology, UFS), Differential Scanning Calo- medicine (radiopharmaceutical and chemotherapeutical rimetry (DSC) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) were agents), industrial reactions/homogeneous catalysis/applied also used. A large number of samples were also analyzed for process chemistry, and the development of separation private people as well as local and national companies. The technology. This research continued in the group of Prof. LECO micro-analyzer has been commissioned and tested and André Roodt (NRF B3 rated researcher), supported by Profs enabled the in-house analysis of C, H, N, O, and S on a num- Deon Visser, Gideon Steyl (NRF Y2 rated; Computational ber of organic and organometallic compounds. Chemistry), Dr Johan Venter, 17 M.Sc. and Ph.D. students, and 74

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Prof. Albertoduringlate2011under thisproject. Zurich, Switzerland.MsMarietjieSchutte visitedthegroupof collaboration withProf.RogerAlberto attheUniversity of to thevalueofR900,000.00was obtaindedtofurther of SouthAfrica(NECSA).Under this programme,funding (NTeMBI) fromtheDSTandNuclear EnergyCorporation Nuclear Technologies inMedicine andtheBiosciences Two workshops were organisedunderthenewinitiative 000.00 forbursariesandprojectexpenses. and Technology’s (DST)continuedand sourcedagainR500 the SouthAfricanGovernment’s Departmentof Science Metal Initiative (AMI)forselectedmetalbeneficiationof Corporation ofSouthAfrica(NECSA)undertheAdvanced An industriallyrelatedprojectwiththeNuclearEnergy Chemistry” theme. significant fundingwassourcedunderthe“AppliedProcess Collaboration withSasolformspartofthisthrust,and hydroformylation, olefinmetathesisandoligomerisation. added productsandincludesstudiessuchascarbonylation, the conversion ofsimplefeedstockmoleculesintovalue- Centre forExcellence inCatalysis,c*change.Thefocusison of ScienceandTechnology attheUniversity ofCapeTown’s is driven inclosecollaborationwithSasolandtheDepartment The homogeneouscatalysisresearchintheInorganicgroup Pharmaceuticals andTHRIP. Roodt andMedlensourcedanotherR1.3millionfromPETLabs Development ofNovel NuclearPharmaceuticalsfromProfs Gerdus Kemp) showed goodprogress.Theprojectentitled affiliated Professor,UFS)andPETLabsPharmaceuticals(Dr Connie Medlen,Pharmacology,University ofPretoriaand zerland (Prof.RogerAlberto),aswell aswithCANSA(Prof. brecht), Lund,Sweden (Prof.OlaWendt) andZurich,Swit- tion withtheUniversities ofMissouri,USA(DrHendrikEngel- The medicalresearchfocusintheRoodtgroup,collabora- Studies attheUFS,asindicatedbelow. research thrustrelatedtotheInstituteforGroundWater four post-doctoralassociates.Prof.Steylalsorunsaseparate Roger AlbertoinZurich,areProfsAndréRoodt(left)andDeonVisser. Excursion onlake LuzerninSwitzerlandfollowing avisittoProf. and fourstudentsattendedISRS2011,the19 Chemical InstituteinJohannesburgJanuary.ProfVisser Venter attendedthe19 the Netherlands,duringAugust/September2011.DrJohan Symposium onRadiopharma-ceuticalSciences,Amsterdam, hold prestigiousPh.D.scholarships underthisinitiative. Biomolecular ResearchCluster)and EllenKuo(MNSCluster) research papers.MarietjieSchutte and AliceBrink(Advanced the MNSClusterduring2010,which yieldedmorethan20 cluster coordinator.Eightstudents were supportedfrom of thefourfocus-arealeadersandProf.Roodtisinterim Profs RiaanLuyt,JannieSwartsandAndréRoodtarethree participated intheMaterialandNanosciencesCluster(MNS). Different researchersoftheDepartmentChemistry Additional research-relatedoutputs South Africa. posters atvenues inSpain,theNetherlands,Franceand presented morethan30invitedlecturesandconference articles intheinternationalchemistryliterature,and The Roodtgroupcontributedtomorethan30research Ph.D. withProf.Steylasco-supervisor. Steyl’s guidanceduring2011whileanothercompletedher students completedtheirM.Sc.dissertationsunderProf. approximately 2monthseachunderthisprogramme.Two Peter CombaattheUniversity ofHeidelberginGermanyfor resources. ThreestudentsoftheRoodtgroupvisitedProf. investigate impactsrelatedtochemistryonwaterandlocal (a collaborationbetween SouthAfricaandGermany)to four studentsfundedby theInkabayeAfrica foundation The researchgroupofProf. Steylwasexpandedtoinclude change. standard incollectingvitalinformationtomanageclimate gathering aspectstoassistSouthAfricainsettingupa interaction asitrelatestochemical,isotopicanddata to investigate theeffectofsurfacewaterandgroundwater additional researchcontractwasawardedtohimby theWRC the CouncilofGeosciencesSouthAfricaonthisproject.An collaborated withtheInstituteforGroundwaterStudiesand knowledge onthissubjectasitpertainstoSouthAfrica.He Hydraulic Fracturing’whichaddressedthecurrentstateof Commission’s (WRC)‘State-of-the-ArtKnowledge on Prof. GideonSteylwasprojectleaderfortheWater Research as theSouthAfricanrepresentative onSIG13. Crystallographic Association.Prof.DeonVisserwaselected on ChemicalCrystallography(SIG13)oftheEuropean and hewaselectedchairoftheSpecialInterestGroup Materials ScienceResearchconferenceatVictoriaFalls, Prof. AndréRoodtgave aninvitedlectureattheAfrican 2011, andvisitedseveral researchgroupsintheNetherlands. on OrganometallicChemistry,Toulouse, France,3-7July lecture atthe40 Spain, duringAugust2011.Prof.Roodtalsogave akeynote International UnionofCrystallography(IUCr)inMadrid, attended theXXIICongressandGeneralAssemblyof Profs. DeonVisserandAndréRoodt,sixstudents th Convention oftheSouthAfrican th EuCheMSInternationalConference th International Prof. Deon Visser was coordinator and principle negotiator for new apparatus purchases for research for the Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences.

Prof. Roodt, as member of the Executive Committee and vice-president of the European Crystallographic Association (ECA), attended the Executive Meetings in Budapest, Hungary (February) and Madrid, Spain (August), also as member of the International Scientific Committee of the 27th European Crystallographic Meeting in Bergen, Norway. He also served on the international editorial board of the Journal of Coordination Chemistry.

Prof. Roodt was also admitted to the Academy of Sciences of South Africa.

Prof. Gideon Steyl attended a summer field school held by the University of Minnesota, Minnesota during June and assisted in teaching on aspects of chemistry and hydrogeology as it relates to South Africa. In addition he was also invited by Dr D. Risser to visit the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in Pennsylvania to investigate the impact of hydraulic fracturing on the state’s water resources. Happy faces following the installation of the advanced Stopped Flow spectrometer for studying very fast reactions, are, from left: Renier Koen (M.Sc. student) and Tinus Viljoen and Maryke Steyn (Ph.D. Staff matters students). Prof. Marston was appointed for an additional five year period at the UFS under the Rector’s Senior Professor initiative. Drs Eleanor Fourie (Physical Chemistry) and Linette Bennie (NMR Specialist) were newly appointed in the department, while Ms Annette Allemann terminated her services as professional officer in the Organic Chemistry division. schools in two categories were awarded financial prizes to enhance their school science laboratories. Networking Prof. Conradie continued to organise and handle the ILEARN More than 20 prominent international scientists visited the programme at the UFS for Physical Chemistry which provides department. They presented lectures and held research question and answer quizzes for computer-guided First Year discussions with researchers and postgraduate students Physical Chemistry revision. She also chairs the Interest in the departmental research seminar programme, which group for High Performance Computing at the University of continued very successfully with approximately 30 research the Free State and she organized a LINUX workshop hosted presentations during 2011. Annual Report 2011 by the High Performance Computing at the University The industrial research collaboration of the Swarts group led of the Free State. Fifty students from over the RSA [UCT, 75 to visits by Dr Thys Botha and Dr Philip Gibson, both from University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), University Sasol, on various industrial research issues with respect to of Stellenbosch, Durban University of Technology (DUT), heterogeneous catalysis. Prof. Hans Niemantsverdriet from Walter Sisulu University, Groote Schuur Hospital and the UFS] the Schuit Institute of Catalyses at the Technical University, attended the course. Eindhoven, the Netherlands and Prof. W.E. Geiger from the Dept of Chemistry at the University of Vermont, USA paid a Dr Johan Venter, Dr Ernie Langner and Prof. Deon Visser research visit to Prof. Swarts. presented the Chemistry Magic Show on seven occasions at different Bloemfontein schools and other venues. This initiative Community service illustrates different aspects of simple but exciting experiments in a tangible way to further create awareness for Chemistry Prof. Jannie Swarts and Ms Ina du Plessis organised the and to inspire primary and secondary school learners and 16th successive science quiz competition, MINQUIZ, one of teachers for the subject. This show was also presented as part the faculty’s five community service flagships and jointly of the pilot study of the Rector’s first year teaching initiative sponsored by the UFS, Mintek and the Physical Chemistry across all subject disciplines, UFS 101. Prof. Walter Purcell and division. A group of some 200 pupils, comprising the three Dr Johan Venter contributed to the Universitas Primary School top physical science learners of each secondary school in Leadership programme during Jan 2011. the Free State Province, visited the Main Campus during May 2011 where they were exposed to information on career Dr Langner was secretary for all meetings for the HPC group opportunities in Chemistry, Physics and Geology. Six winning during 2011. During the winter recess, Dr Langner co-hosted a 76

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences contributed totheuniversity’s openandExpodays. and schoolgrouplearners.Colleaguesatbothcampuses and laboratorydemonstrationsessionstoindividuals Most lecturerswere involved incontinuouscareerguidance and Kopanong) districts. groundwater contaminationinthemunicipal(Mangaung regional watersupplier(BloemWater) toinvestigate project andhewasawardedtwo contractsfromthe Prof. Steylwasinvolved inadirectcommunityservice department andvisitedtheChemistryresearchlabs. from theFreeStateandNorthernCapespenttwo hoursinthe Science Adventure Campforlearners.Agroupoftoplearners Chemistry); Back,fromleft:MrNicoJansevanRensburgandPieterEsterhuizen,ProfsBenBezuidenhoudt,Walter Purcell and Jannie Swarts. Farewell toProf.NeilViljoen(frontright),instrumentalinoverseeing thecompletionofChemistryBuilding.Frontleft: Prof André Roodt(HOD, to investigate themorphologies ofthedifferentblends, a newscanningelectronmicroscope (SEM),whichisused registered attheUFS.Thepolymer researchgroupacquired co-supervised two Master’s degreestudentswhoare honours students.ProfsLuytand AlbertvanReenenalso days attheUniversity ofStellenboschlecturingtotheir were continuedduringtheyear. ProfRiaanLuytspent two research collaborations,bothnationallyandinternationally, in 2011.Several projectswere completedandanumber of has againperformedwell intermsofresearchactivities The DepartmentofChemistryattheQwaQwacampus Overview QwaQwa campus innovative way toreinforcedplastics.Thisisanofficial, In situgenerationoffillerswithin polymermatrices:an Modena, Italy(Prof.MassimoMessori) onaprojectentitled of MrM.J.Mochane;University ofModenaandReggioEmilia, (Dr IgorKrupa);DrKrupawasinvolved intheM.Sc.project Djoković); Slovak Academy ofSciences,Bratislava,Slovakia Institute ofNuclearPhysics,Belgrade,Serbia(DrVladimir The groupatQwaQwahascollaborationwith:theVinća M.Sc. andtwo Ph.D.studentsgraduatedduringthisperiod. Campus in2011andtherewasonepost-doctoralfellow. Six students were registeredforChemistryontheQwaQwa conference contributions.Five masters’andeightdoctoral published 14researcharticlesandmademorethan20 The QwaQwadivisionoftheDepartmentChemistry nano-composites. mixtures, polymer/naturalfibrecompositesandpolymer his groupfocusesonphysicalpropertiesofpolymer/wax Luyt attheQwaQwaCampus.HeisC1-ratedby theNRF, and The Departmental activitiesandachievements for fellowships for2012honoursstudies. gramme. Ten prospective honours studentswere identi fied third year studentstoapplyforthehonoursfellowship pro- year ofChemistry,Sasol’sInzaloFoundationinvitedthe A highlightthedepartmenthad,as2011wasinternational A newgranulatorandpulveriser wasalsopurchased. composites, andnanocompositespreparedby thestudents. Polymer Scienceresearchareaisheadedby Prof.Riaan NRF funded collaboration. A student of Prof. Messori, Davide Morselli, spent 30 days in the QwaQwa laboratories during November/December 2011. A QwaQwa student, Thabang Mokhothu, spent 30 days in Modena during May/ June 2011 and Prof. Luyt visited Prof. Messori’s group for 10 days during July 2011; University of Palermo, Italy (Prof. Eugenio Caponetti) on a project entitled Morphology and properties of TiO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles reinforced polymetylmethacrylate. Prof. Luyt spent a week in Palermo during July 2011, and one of the QwaQwa students, Tshwafo Motaung, visited Palermo for two 10-day periods during April and December 2011; Institute of Polymer Research (IPF) in Dresden, Germany (Dr Jürgen Pionteck) on a project entitled Electrically and thermally conductive polymer nano-composites: Improved dispersion of nano-structured graphite in polyolefins by chemical modification. Prof. Luyt spent two weeks in Dresden during August 2011, while a Ph.D. student, Shale Sefadi, spent one month there during November/December 2011. Dr Pionteck and his student, Francesco Piana, visited QwaQwa for 20 days during November 2011; Prof. Walter Focke at the University of Pretoria on a project entitled Graphite-filled polyethylene/ wax phase-change blends for energy storage applications; Setting up a sample on the newly acquired Scanning Electron Microscope Prof. Albert van Reenen at the University of Stellenbosch on (SEM) are prof. Riaan Luyt and M.Sc. student Motshabi Sibeko. two projects entitled Wood-polymer composites utilizing degraded polyolefins as compatibilizers and The influence of -nucleation on the morphology and properties of a high- impact PP copolymer. Two QwaQwa M.Sc. students are co- supervised on these projects. Networking Additional research-related outputs A Number of prominent national and international scientists visited the department at the QwaQwa campus. They Prof. Luyt is one of the focus area leaders within the UFS presented lectures and held research discussions with Research Cluster 5, Material and Nanosciences. students and also discussed collaborative research. There was also close collaboration with the Polymer Institute at the Staff matters University of Stellenbosch in terms of honours and masters Ms M.A. Malimabe and Ms M.A. Jordaan completed a short training. One staff member from this institute (Prof. Mallon) course: SPALHE (assessor training) offered by CHESD. A new visited the QwaQwa campus to present honours lectures, Professional Officer, Ms C.E. Clarke, was appointed to take and the student travelled to Stellenbosch to be lectured by Annual Report 2011 responsibility of the SEM. Profs. Klumperman and Van Reenen. 77

Prof R. Luyt with Italian visitors to QwaQwa Chemistry. Left to right: Marian Valentin, Dr Pionteck, Francesco Piana, Prof. Martino, Prof. Luyt and Prof. Caponetti . 78

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences and RantooaMoji. Mgumezulu, Twafo Motaung Messrs TsietsiTsotetsi,Mfiso the laboratory:Fromleft: QwaQwa colleaguesin Research Outputs Department of Chemistry

Research articles Alemayehu, A., Conradie, J. & Ghosh, A. 2011. A First TDDFT Study spin-coated films of some metalated 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octaalkyl of Metallocorrole Electronic Spectra: Copper meso-Triarylcorroles tetrabenzo[b,g,l,q][5,10,15]triazaporphyrin derivatives. Journal of Exhibit Hyper Spectra. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry: Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 15: 890-897. 1857-1864. Combrinck, S., Oyourou, J.N., Regnier, T. & Marston, A. 2011. Bem, D.B., Swart, H.C., Luyt, A.S. & Dejene, F.B. 2011. Luminescent Purification of verbascoside from plant extracts using column and 2+ 3+ countercurrent. Planta Medica 77: 1326-1326. Properties of Long-Lasting BaAlxOy:Eu , Dy Nanocomposites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 121: 243-252. Conradie, J. 2011. Structure of Coordination Complexes: The Synergy Bem, D.B., Swart, H.C., Luyt, A.S., Duvenhage, M.M. & Dejene, F.B. between NMR Spectroscopy and Computational Chemistry. South 2011. Characterization of Luminescent and Thermal Properties African Journal of Chemistry 64: 190-202. 2+ 3+ of Long Afterglow SrAlxOy:Eu ,Dy Phosphor Synthesized by Conradie, J. & Ghosh, A. 2011. Correlation between the FeNO Angle and Combustion Method. Polymer Composites 32: 219-226. d-p Mixing in {FeNO}7 Complexes. Inorganic Chemistry 50: 4223-4225. Božanić, D.K., Dimitrijević-Branković, S., Bibić, N., Luyt, A.S. & Conradie, J. & Swarts, J.C. 2011. Relationship between electrochemical Annual Report 2011 Djoković, V. 2011. Silver nanoparticles encapsulated in glycogen potentials and substitution reaction rates of ferrocene-containing beta- biopolymer: Morphology, optical and antimicrobial properties. diketonato rhodium(I) complexes; Cytotoxicity of [Rh(FcCOCHCOPh) 79 Carbohydrate Polymers 83: 883-890. (cod)]. Dalton Transactions 40: 5844-5851. Brink, A., Visser, H.G. & Roodt, A. 2011. Synthesis, crystallographic, Conradie, J. & Swarts, J.C. 2011. The Relationship between the I and theoretical investigation of fac-[Re (salen)(CO)3(S)] complexes, Electrochemical and Chemical Oxidation of Ferrocene-Containing salen = monocharged bidentate Schiff-base and S = pyridine, CH3OH. Carbonyl-Phosphine-beta-Diketonato-Rhodium(I) Complexes - Journal of Coordination Chemistry 64: 122-133. Cytotoxicity of [Rh(FcCOCHCOPh)(CO)(PPh3)]. European Journal of Brink, A., Visser, H.G. & Roodt, A. 2011. Tetraethylammonium Inorganic Chemistry: 2439-2449. (acetylacetonato)-bromidotricarbonylrhenate(I). Acta Crystallographica Conradie, M.M. & Conradie, J. 2011. Methyl iodide oxidative addition Section E E67: m34-m35. of [Rh(acac)(CO)(PPh3)]: An experimental and theoretical study of the Brink, A., Visser, H.G. & Roodt, A. 2011. Tetraethylammonium stereochemistry of the products and the reaction mechanism. Dalton dibromidotricarbonyl(o-toluidine)rhenate(I). Acta Crystallographica Transactions 40: 8226-8237. Section E E67: m32-m33. Conradie, M.M., Conradie, J. & Ghosh, A. 2011. Capturing the spin Bungu, P.N. & Otto, S. 2011. Evaluation of Ligand effects in the state diversity of iron(III)-aryl porphyrins: OLYP is better than TPSSh. modified cobalt hydroformylation of 1-octene. Crystal structures of Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 105: 84-91.

[CO(L)(CO)3]2 (L = PA-C5, PCy3 and PCyp3). Dalton Transactions 40: Conradie, M.M., Erasmus, J.C. & Conradie, J. 2011. Iodomethane 9238-9249. oxidative addition to beta-diketonatobis(triphenylphosphite) Bungu, P.N., Kirsten, L. & Otto, S. 2011. trans-Dichloridobis(4,8- rhodium(I) complexes: A synthetic, kinetic and computational study. dimethyl-2-phenyl-2-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]-nonane kappa-P) Polyhedron 30: 2345-2353. platinum(II). Acta Crystallographica Section C C67: m154-m156. Deng, F., He, W., Luyt, A.S. & Jiang, Y.Y. 2011. Synthesis and properties Cammidge, A.N., Chambrier, I., Cook, M.J., Langner, E.H.G., Rahman, of a novel polyester containing bithiazole. Chinese Chemical Letters M. & Swarts J.C. 2011. Characterization, liquid crystallinity and 22: 109-113. 80

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences tricarbonyl[7-methoxy-2-(h Gohain, M.,Muller,T.J. &Bezuidenhoudt,B.C.B.2011.Racemic Section EE67:o3481-3481. 2,6-dimethyl-4-phenylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate. Gohain, M.,Muller,T.J. &Bezuidenhoudt,B.C.B.2011.Dimethyl Research 31:825-830. Phosphine MetalComplexes ofGoldandPlatinum.Anticancer & Van Rensburg,C.E.J.2011.Cytotoxicity ofFerrocenyl-Ethynyl Fourie, E.,Erasmus,Swarts,J.C.,Jakob, A.,Lang,H.,Joone,G.K. 31: 825-830. Phosphine MetalComplexes ofGoldandPlatinum. & Van Rensburg,C.E.J.2011.Cytotoxicity ofFerrocenyl-Ethynyl Fourie, E.,Erasmus,Swarts,J.C.,Jakob, A.,Lang,H.,Joone,G.K. 375: 128-134. mu-oxido-tetrakis[(acetyl-acetonato-kappa- Herbst, L.,Visser,H.G.,Roodt,A.&Muller,T.J. 2011.cyclo -Tetra- rings. ThermochimicaActa 525:9-15. and degradationkineticsofanovel polyester containingbithiazole He, W., Jiang,Y.Y., Luyt,A.S.,Ocaya,R.O.&Ge,T.J. 2011.Synthesis Advanced ScienceLetters4:3585-3598. Properties ofPOSS-ContainingPolyethylene Nanocomposites. Hato, M.J.,Ray,S.S.&Luyt,A.S.2011.Melt-StateViscoelastic Journal ofOrganometallicChemistry696:1990-2002. dimeric Bu 2011. Akineticinvestigation oftheoxidative additionreactionsofthe Grobbelaar, E.,Conradie,J.,Venter, J.A.,Purcell,W. &Chiweshe, T.T. Crystallographica SectionEE67:m438-m439. to [Rh(CH Erasmus, J.J.C.&Conradie,J.2011.Oxidative additionofmethyliodide Electrochimica Acta 56:9287-9294. beta-diketonatobis-(triphenylphosphite)rhodium(I) complexes. Erasmus, J.J.C.&Conradie,J.2011.Electrochemicalstudyof Chimica Acta 378:95-101. chalcones: Aspectroscopicandelectrochemicalstudy.Inorganica Erasmus, E.2011.Ferrocene-andruthenocene-containing cyclobutanamine. Acta E67:o2041-o2042. CrystallographicaSectionE Engelbrecht, I.,Visser,H.G.&Roodt,A.2011.N,N-Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)- Catalysis 104:1-7. in aqueousalkalinemedium.ReactionKineticsMechanismsand the oxidation offormaldehyde by theoctacyanomolybdate(V)ion Dennis, C.R.,Potgieter, I.M.&Basson,S.S.2011.Akineticstudyof salts. Acta CrystallographicaSectionCC67:m279-m283. tetrabromidoferrate(II) andmu-oxido-bis[tribromidoferrate(III)] complex bis-(diphenylphosphanyl)-ethanamine-kappa- Maithufi, N.&Otto,S.2011.Thebis(acetonitrile-  Polymer Bulletin66:991-1004. T. &Pilati,F. 2011.Polycarbonate reinforceswithsilicananoparticles. Luyt, A.S.,Messori,M.,Fabbri,P., Mofokeng, J.P., Taurino, R.,Zanasi, 1,3-diketones. ElectrochimicaActa 56:6211-6218. and densityfunctionaltheorymodeledreductionofenolized Kuhn, A.,Von Eschwege, K.G.&Conradie,J.2011.Electrochemical o3155-o3155. 2,4-dimethoxy-pentane-2,4-diol. Acta CrystallographicaSectionEE67: Koen, R.,Roodt,A.,Visser,H.G.&Muller,T.J. 2011.1,1,1,5,5,5,-Hexafluoro- Journal ofPorphyrins andPhthalocyanines 15:1335-1344. insights fromchromium-oxo andmolybdenum-oxo triarylcorroles. J. &Ghosh,A.2011.Substituenteffectsonmetallocorrolespectra: Johansen, I.,Norheim,H-K.,Larsen,S.,Alemayehu, A.B.,Conradie, Chimica Acta 374:112-118. 2011. Diferrocenescontainingthiadiazoleconnectivities.Inorganica Hildebrandt, A.,Schaarschmidt,D.,Van As,L.,Swarts,J.C.&Lang,H. m1669-m1670. kappa-O)niobium(V)]. Acta CrystallographicaSectionEE67: 3 COCHCOCH 4 N [Ir 2 (mu-Dcbp)(CO) 3 )(CO)(P(OCH 6 -phenyl)chromane]chromium(O). 2 (PCy 2 ) 3 CCH 3 ) 2 ] complexwithiodomethane. 3 )]. InorganicaChimicaActa 2 Acta Crystallographica Acta Crystallographica O,O’)bis(ethanolato- Anticancer Research 2 P,P N ’]iron(II) )bis[N,N- Acta

kinetic analysis.CrystallographyReviews 17:241-280. relationships andmechanismsfromX-ray data andspectroscopic Roodt, A.,Visser,H.G.&Brink,A.2011.Structure/reactivity 1240-1252. Comparison withLeathersTanned by OtherProcesses. in Vegetable Tanned Leatherby SolidStateNMRSpectroscopy and Reid, D.G.&Van derWesthuizen, J.H.2011.Tannin Fingerprinting Romer, F.H., Underwood, A.P., Senekal,N.D.,Bonnet,S.L.,Duer,M.J., of Chemistry64:241-250. Unsaturated andPolyunsaturated FattyAcids. Fats fromVarious AnimalswithHighLevels ofMedium-Chain, Osthoff, G.,Hugo,A.,Joubert,C.C.&Swarts,J.C.2011.DSCofMilk Materials 1:7-13. Dispersion/Natural RubberLatex.InternationalJournalofComposite Properties ofFilmsBasedonUltrasoundTreatedTitaniumDioxide Ochigbo, S.S.&Luyt,A.S.2011.MechanicalandMorphological starches. TrendsinCarbohydrate Research 3:39-54. the physicochemicalandthermalpropertiesofMalawiancocoyam J.D. 2011.Effectofannealing,acidhydrolysis andacetylationon Mweta, D.E.,Labuschagne,M.T., Bonnet,S.,Swarts, J.C. &Saka, Section EE67:m1785-m1786. (cyclohexyldiphenyl-phosphine)rhodium(III). Muller, T.J., Visser,H.G.&Roodt,A.2011.Acetonitriletrichloridobis Crystallographica SectionEE67:m581-m582. kappa-P)copper(I)-triphenylphosphine-methanol (1/1/1).Acta 4 Muller, F.M.A., Muller,T.J. & Steyl, G.2011.(2-Methyl-4-oxo- C iridium(I) dichloromethanemonosolvate.Acta CrystallographicaSection and diphenylphosphine-kappa-P Muller, A.&Otto,S.2011.trans-Carbonylchloridobis(ferrocenyl- Directly fromCO B.C.B. 2011.FacileOne-Pot SynthesisofCarbamoylbenzotriazoles Msutu, A.,Dwyer, C.L.,Emslie,N.D.,Hunt,R.C.&Bezuidenhoudt, Titania Nanoparticles.Polymer Composites:1290-1296. Properties ofNR/EPDMRubberBlendsFilledwithSmallAmounts Motaung, T.E., Luyt,A.S.&Thomas,S.2011.Morphologyand Copolyester Bio-composites.Polymer Composites 32:2011-2009. Mokhothu, T.H., Guduri,B.R.&Luyt,A.S. relaxation behaviour.Polymer Testing 30:585-593. modified clays:Morphology,thermaldegradationandstress Polychloroprene nanocompositesfilledwithdifferentorganically Mohomane, S.M.,Djokovic, V., Thomas,S.&Luyt,A.S. Polymer Composites:1155-1163. Polyethylene, HardFischer-TropschParaffinWax, andWood Flour. Properties ofPhase-ChangeMaterialsBasedonHigh-Density Mngomezulu, M.E.,Luyt,A.S.&Krupa,I.2011.Structureand 1354-1354. constituents andtheiridentificationby TLC-MS. countercurrent chromatographyofHarpagophytumprocumbens Mncwangi, N.,Vermaak, I.,Viljoen,A.&Marston,2011.High-speed mechanical properties.eXpressPolymer Letters5:635-642. reinforced withelectrospunnanofibersafocusontheirdynamic on singlepolymercompositesofpoly(methylmethacrylate) Matabola, K.P., DeVries,A.R.,Luyt,A.S.&Kumar,R.2011.Studies Planta Medica77:1336-1336. Seeds fromSouthAfricanplantsasasourceofbioactive metabolites. Marston, A.,Du,K.,Van Vuuren,S.F., Van Zyl,R.L.&Zietsman,P. 2011. 2676-2683. detection inphytochemistry.JournalofChromatographyA1218: Marston, A.2011.Thin-layer chromatographywithbiological 1333-1339. Activators andInhibitors.CurrentTopics inMedicinalChemistry11: Marston, A.2011.NaturalProductsasaSourceofProteinKinase C67:m165-m168. H -pyran-3-olato-kappa- trans-carbonylchloridobis(ferrocenyl)-diphenylphosphine-kappa-P 2 : SynthesisofTolbutamide. Synlett16:2335-2338. )rhodium(I) dichloromethane monosolvate )rhodium(I) dichloromethanemonosolvate 2 O 3 ,O 4 )bis(triphenylphosphane- 2011.Kenaf Fiber-Reinforced Acta Crystallographica South AfricanJournal Planta Medica77: Molecules 16: 2011. ) Rüffer, T., Joubert, C.C., Buitendach, B.E., Swarts, J.C., Jacob, A. & Lang, Von Eschwege, K.G., Muller, F. & Muller, A. 2011. [1,5-Bis(2- H. 2011. (1-Ferrocenyl-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-1,3-dionato-kappa-2O,O) methoxyphenyl)thiocarbazonato-kappa-2N5,S]phenylmercury(II). bis-(triphenylphosphine)copper(I). Acta Crystallographica Section E E67: Acta Crystallographica Section E E67: m1804-m1804. m231-m232. Von Eschwege, K.G., Muller, F. & Muller, A. 2011. [1,5-Bis(4- Schutte, M., Kemp, G., Visser, H.G. & Roodt, A. 2011. Tuning fluorophenyl)thiocarbazonato-kappa-2N5,S]phenylmercury(II) the Reactivity in Classic Low-Spin d6 Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl dichloromethane hemisolvate. Acta Crystallographica Section E E67: Radiopharmaceutical Synthon by Selective Bidentate Ligand m1858-m1859. Variation (L,L-Bid; L,L= N,N, N,O, and O,O Donor Atom Sets) in Von Eschwege, K.G., Van As, L. & Swarts, J.C. 2011. Electrochemistry fac-[Re(CO) (L,L-Bid)(MeOH)]n Complexes. Inorganic Chemistry 50: 3 and spectro-electrochemistry of dithizonatophenylmercury(II). 12486-12498. Electrochimica Acta 56: 10064-10068. Schwoerer, H., Von Eschwege, K.G., Bosman, G., Krok, P. & Conradie, Warsink, S. & Roodt, A. 2011. trans-Carbonylchloridobis[tris(4- J. 2011. Ultrafast Photochemistry of Dithizonatophenylmercury(II). methoxyphenyl)phosphine-kappa-P]rhodium(I). Acta Crystallo- ChemPhysChem 12: 2653-2658. graphica Section E E67: m1695-m1696. Shikanga, E.A., Viljoen, A., Combrinck, S. & Marston, A. 2011. Warsink, S., Koen, R. & Roodt, A. 2011. trans-Carbonylchloridobis(tri- Isolation of Sceletium alkaloids by high-speed countercurrent o-tolyl-phosphine-kappa-P)-rhodium(I). Acta Crystallographica chromatography. Phytochemistry Letters 4: 190-193. Section E E67: m1666-m1666. Steyn, M., Visser, H.G., Roodt, A. & Muller, T.J. 2011. Tetrakis(picolinato- kappa-2N,O)zirconium(IV) dihydrate. Acta Crystallographica Section E E67: m1240-m1241. Patents Stuurman, N.F., Meijboom, R. & Conradie, J. 2011. Characterization Van der Westhuizen, J.H., Ferreira, D, Joubert, A. & Wilhelm-Mouton, A. 2011. Synthesis of Aspalathin and Analogues thereof. (Based of {Rh(PhCOCHCOCH2CH2CH3)(CO)2] by X-ray crystallography, a computational and a statistical study. Polyhedron 30: 660-665. on South African Provisional Patent Applications 2009/08304, 2009/08308 and 2009/08309). PCT Application number Theron, T.A., Nete, M., Venter, J.A., Purcell, W. & Nel, J.T. 2011. Dissolution WO2011/064726 A1. 3 June. and Quantification of Tantalum-Containing Compounds: Comparison with Niobium. South African Journal of Chemistry 64: 173-178. Van der Westhuizen, J.H., Noreljaleel, E.A., Bonnet, S.L. & Wilhelm- Mouton, A. 2011. Aminoalkyl Substituted Chalcones and Analogues Thomas, K.E., Alemayehu, A.B., Conradie, J., Beavers, C. & Ghosh, and Derivatives thereof. (Based on South African Provisional A. 2011. Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Gold Triarylcorroles. Patent Application No: 2010/03897). PCT application number PCT/ Inorganic Chemistry 50: 12844-12851. IB2011/052396. 31 May. Thomas, K.E., Conradie, J., Hansen, L.K. & Ghosh, A. 2011. A Metallocorrole with Orthogonal Pyrrole Rings. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry: 1865-1870. Conference contributions Thomas, K.E., Conradie, J., Hansen, L.K. & Ghosh, A. 2011. Corroles Ahmad, E.E.M. & Luyt, A.S. 2011. Sisal whiskers-reinforced polylactic th Cannot Ruffle. Inorganic Chemistry 50: 3247-3251. acid. Poster presented at the 11 Annual UNESCO/IUPAC Workshop and Conference on Functional Polymeric Materials and Composites, Van der Berg, P.C.W., Visser, H.G. & Roodt, A. 2011. 6,6’-(Pyridine-2,6- Stellenbosch, South Africa. 26-29 April. diyl)bis(pyrrolo[3,4-b]-pyridine-5,7-dione). Acta Crystallographica Section E E67: o3130-o3130. Ahmad, E.E.M. & Luyt, A.S. 2011. Sisal whiskers-reinforced polylactic acid. Poster presented at the 11th International Conference on Van der Merwe, K., Visser, H.G. & Venter, J.A. 2011. Dicaesium Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced Materials, Pretoria, South Africa. diaquabis(methylenediphosphonato-2O,O’)cobaltate(II). Acta 22-26 May. Crystallographica Section E E67: m1354-m1354. Amra-Jordaan, M., Venter, P.B., Senekal, N.D., Bonnet, S.L. & Van der Merwe, K., Visser, H.G. & Venter, J.A. 2011. Disodium Van der Westhuizen, J.H. 2011. The Analysis of Commercial diaquabis(methylenediphosphonato-2O,O’)cobaltate(II) dehydrate. Proanthocyanidins, Part 2: The Chemical Composition of Sulfited Acta Crystallographica Section E E67: m1468-m1469. Quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzii and Schinopsis balansae) Heartwood Annual Report 2011 Van Eschwege, K.G., Conradie, J. & Kuhn, A. 2011. Dithizone and Its Extract. Poster presented at the 17th European Symposium on Organic Oxidation Products: A DFT, Spectroscopic, and X-ray Structural Study. Chemistry (ESOC), Crete, Greece. 10-15 July. Physical Chemistry 115: 14637-14646. 81 Barnard, N.I. & Swarts, J.C. 2011. Hot Stuff! Structural, Optical and Van Tonder, J.H., Muller, T.J. & Bezuidenhoudt, B.C.B. 2011. 4,5-Bis(2,4- Thermal Properties of Metal Carboxylates. Poster presented at the di-tert-butylphenoxyl)-phthalonitrile. Acta Crystallographica Section 40th South African Chemical Institute (SACI) Convention and the E E67: o705-o706. 3rd Federation of African Societies of Chemistry (FASC) Congress, Venter, G.J.S., Steyl, G. & Roodt, A. 2011. 4-(2,6-Dibromo-4- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. 16-21 fluoroanilino)pent-3-en-2-one. Acta Crystallographica Section E January. E67: o3092-o3093. Botha, E. & Erasmus, E. 2011. Synthesis, characterization and Viljoen, J.A., Visser, H.G. & Roodt, A. 2011. Di-mu-hydroxido- anchoring of bimetallic bridging tetra-carboxylate complexes onto bis[tris(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenylacetylacetonato-kappa-2O,O’)- a planar model SiO2 solid support. Poster presented at CATSA2011: hafnium(IV)] dimethylformamide disolvate. Acta Crystallo-graphica Annual Conference of the Catalysis Society of South Africa (CATSA), Section E E67: m1822-m1823. Misty Hills Country Hotel, Muldersdrift, Gauteng, South Africa. 13-16 Viljoen, J.A., Visser, H.G. & Roodt, A. 2011. Tetrakis(5,7-dimethylquinolin- November. 2 8-olato-kappa- N,O)hafnium(IV) dimethylformamide disolvate. Acta Brink, A., Visser, H.G. & Roodt, A. 2011. Rhenium(I) tricarbonyl Crystallographica Section E E67: m1428-m1429. complexes: Crystallographic and kinetic study of model Re and Tc Visser, H.G., Roodt, A., Volmink, A.-L. & Kemp, G. 2011. fac- radiopharmaceuticals. Poster presented at the 19th International Tricarbonyl(pyridine-kappa-N)(1,1,1-trifluoroacetylacetonato- Symposium on Radiopharmaceutical Sciences (ISRS 2011), Vrije kappa-2O,O’)-rhenium(I). Acta Crystallographica Section E E67: Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 28 August – 2 September. m1631-m1631. Brink, A., Visser, H.G. & Roodt, A. 2011. Synthesis and crystallographic Von Eschwege, K.G. & Conradie, J. 2011. Redox Potentials of Ligands investigation of Re(I) complexes obtained via methanol substitution. and Complexes - a DFT Approach. South African Journal of Chemistry Poster presented at the 40th South African Chemical Institute (SACI) 64: 203-209. Convention and the 3rd Federation of African Societies of Chemistry 82

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences simple aspossible.Butnotsimpler.Poster presentedatthe40 Conradie, M.M.&J.2011.Everything mustbemadeas Africa. 13-16November. Africa (CATSA), MistyHillsCountryHotel,Muldersdrift,Gauteng,South CATSA2011: AnnualConferenceoftheCatalysisSocietySouth tris(beta-diketonato) iron(III)complexes. Lecturepresentedat Conradie, M.M.&J.2011. Pretoria, SouthAfrica.7-9December. and industrialdevelopment, CSIRInternationalConvention Centre, (CHPC 2011):BetterHPCanddata-curationadoption,betterresearch at theCentreforHighPerformance ComputingNationalConference Crystallographers (IUCr2011),Madrid,Spain. 22-30August. the XXIICongressandGeneralAssembly oftheInternationalUnion Compounds foruseinOlefinHydroformylation. Poster presentedat Engelbrecht, I.,Roodt,A.&Visser,H.G.2011. Model IridiumPhosphine Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,SouthAfrica. 16-21January. of AfricanSocietiesChemistry(FASC) Congress, University ofthe use inOlefinHydroformylation. Poster presentedatthe40 Model IridiumCompoundsContainingPhosphineBasedLigandsfor Engelbrecht, I.,Roodt,A.&Visser,H.G.2011.Coordinative Studyof KwaZulu-Natal, SouthAfrica.13-15July. Brucker NMRUserMeeting,TheNestHotel,CentralDrakensberg, Addition toaRhodiumContainingCatalyst . Lecturepresentedatthe Conradie, M.M.&J.2011.NMRInvestigation ofMethylIodide Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,SouthAfrica.16-21January. of AfricanSocietiesChemistry(FASC) Congress,University ofthe African ChemicalInstitute(SACI) Convention andthe3 the catalyticreaction[Rh(acac)(CO)(PPh Conradie, M.M.&J.2011.DFTmechanisticinvestigation of Central Drakensberg, KwaZulu-Natal, SouthAfrica.13-15July. Lecture presentedattheBrucker NMRUser Meeting,TheNestHotel, Conradie, J.2011.Synergybetween NMRandcomputationalchemistry. the University ofTromsø,Norway.26May. optical propertiestodye-sensitized solarcells.Lecturepresentedat Centre ofHighPerformance Computing(CHPC)Minisymposiumon Conradie, J.2011.Observations onChargetransferTransitions. Convention Centre,Pretoria,SouthAfrica.7-9December. better researchandindustrialdevelopment, CSIRInternational Conference (CHPC2011):BetterHPCanddata-curationadoption, presented attheCentreforHighPerformance ComputingNational diketonatobis(triphenyl-phosphite)rhodium(I) complexes. Lecture Conradie, J.2011.DFTpredictionoftheoxidation potentialsofbeta- Muldersdrift, Gauteng,SouthAfrica.13-16November. Catalysis SocietyofSouthAfrica(CATSA), MistyHillsCountryHotel, Approach. LecturepresentedatCATSA2011: AnnualConferenceofthe Conradie, J.2011.ChemicalReactivity:AComputationalChemistry House &Spa,Magaliesburg,SouthAfrica.12-14October. Development Network Conference(ZrTa2011), MountGraceCountry of PGMandgold.Oralpresentationdelivered attheNewMetals influence ofmetalcontaminantsinthespectrometricdetermination Chiweshe, T., Purcell,W. &Venter, J.A.2011.Quantificationandthe the Western Cape,CapeTown, SouthAfrica.13-15January. Drugs, Agrochemicals,CosmeticsandFunctionalFoods,University of Development (IOCD)Symposium:AfricanPlants–UniqueSourcesof presented attheInternationalOrganisationforChemicalSciencesin Investigation ofpolarconstituentsRooibostea.Poster Cawood, M.,Marston,A.,Joubert,E.&Paulsen,B.S. 22-30 August. International UnionofCrystallographers(IUCr2011),Madrid,Spain. Poster presentedattheXXIICongressandGeneralAssemblyof crystallographic andspectroscopicstudyofRh(I)complexes. Brink, A.,Visser,H.G.&Roodt,A.2011.Underthemicroscope: South Africa.16-21January. (FASC) Congress,University oftheWitwatersrand,Johannesburg, African ChemicalInstitute(SACI) Convention andthe3 3 )] +CH Electrochemical studyof 3 l. Lecturepresented rd rd Federation Federation 2011. th th South South

African ChemicalInstitute(SACI) Convention andthe3 Institute (SACI) Convention andthe3 zirconium carbideandplasmatreated zirconiumpowder. Oral Lötter, S.,Purcell,W. &Nel,J.T. 2011.ICP-OESquantificationof House &Spa,Magaliesburg,SouthAfrica. 12-14October. Development Network Conference(ZrTa2011), Mount GraceCountry complexes oftantalum(V).LecturepresentedattheNewMetals mechanism ofmixed halido-O,O’and N,O’-bidentateligand Koen, R.,Visser,H.G.&Roodt,A.2011.Speciationandinterconversion Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,SouthAfrica.16-21January. of AfricanSocietiesChemistry(FASC) Congress,University ofthe Complexes. Lecturepresentedatthe40 CO SubstitutionandIsomerisationofbeta-Diketonato Rhodium(I) Hopmann, K.H.&Conradie,J.2011.Computationalstudyofthe South Africa.16-21January. (FASC) Congress,University oftheWitwatersrand,Johannesburg, Poster presentedatthe40 complexes forthepossibleseparationofniobiumandtantalum. Herbst, L.,Roodt,A.&Visser,H.G.2011.Synthesisofniobium(v) Country House&Spa,Magaliesburg,SouthAfrica.12-14October. Metals Development Network Conference(ZrTa2011), MountGrace separation ofniobiumandtantalum.LecturepresentedattheNew O,O’-bidentate ligandcomplexes ofniobium(V)forthepossible Herbst, L.,Roodt,A.&Visser,H.G.2011.Astudyonthemixed halide South Africa.26-29April. on FunctionalPolymeric MaterialsandComposites,Stellenbosch, of Tantalum fromNiobium.Poster presentedatthe40 of various Tantalum(V) complexes fortheuseinseparation Koen, R.,Roodt,A.&Visser,H.G.2011.Asolidandsolutionstatestudy 27-31 March. of theAmericanChemicalSociety(ACS), Anaheim,California,USA. presented atthe11 kinetics ofanovel polyester containing bithiazole rings.Poster He, W., Jiang,Y-Y. &Luyt,A.S. 2011.Synthesisanddegradation 22-27 May. Materials (ICFPAM 2011),University ofPretoria,SouthAfrica. International ConferenceonFrontiersofPolymers andAdvanced formed by insitupolymerization.Poster presentedatthe11 properties ofpolyamide-6/mesoporous MCM-41nanocomposites He, W. &Luyt,A.S.2011.Enhancedthermalandmechanical Gauteng, SouthAfrica.13-16November. of SouthAfrica(CATSA), MistyHillsCountryHotel,Muldersdrift, presented atCATSA2011: AnnualConferenceoftheCatalysisSociety electronic propertiesofthegreendryingpaintcatalyst Freitag, R.&Conradie,J.2011.Structural,electrochemicaland International Convention Centre,Pretoria,SouthAfrica.7-9December. curation adoption,betterresearchandindustrialdevelopment, CSIR Computing NationalConference(CHPC2011):BetterHPCanddata- effect. LecturepresentedattheCentreforHighPerformance Mn(acac) Freitag, R.&Conradie,J.2011.Computationalchemistrystudyof Kuns, Pretoria,SouthAfrica.27-28October. Natural ScienceoftheSuid-AfrikaanseAkademievirWetenskap en studie. Oralpresentationdelivered attheStudentSymposiumon spectra. Poster presentedatthe24 J. &Ghosh,A.2011.Substituenteffectsinmetallocorroleelectronic Johansen, I.,Norheim,H-K.,Larsen,S.,Alemayehu, A.B.,Conradie, Johannesburg, SouthAfrica.16-21January. of Chemistry(FASC) Congress,University oftheWitwatersrand, Mn(acac) Freitag, R.&Conradie,J.2011.ChemieseElektronieseeienskappe van Africa. 13-16November. Africa (CATSA), MistyHillsCountryHotel,Muldersdrift,Gauteng,South at CATSA2011: AnnualConferenceoftheCatalysisSocietySouth on siliconwafers forsimpleorganicreactions. Erasmus, E.&Swarts,J.C.2011.ModelHeterogeneousCatalysts Convention andthe3 3 3 : AmolecularorbitalunderstandingoftheJahn-Teller kompleks: ‘nSikliesevoltametric enberekeningschemie- th AnnualUNESCO/IUPAC Workshop andConference rd FederationofAfricanSocietiesChemistry th SouthAfricanChemicalInstitute(SACI) th rd NationalMeeting&Exposition FederationofAfricanSocieties th SouthAfricanChemical Lecturepresented rd Federation . Poster th South th

presentation delivered at the New Metals Development Network presented at the 11th Annual UNESCO/IUPAC Workshop and Conference Conference (ZrTa2011), Mount Grace Country House & Spa, on Functional Polymeric Materials and Composites, Stellenbosch, Magaliesburg, South Africa. 12-14 October. South Africa. 26-29 April. Marston, A., Cawood, M., Van der Westhuizen, J.H. & Zietsman, P. 2011. Motaung, T.E., Luyt, A.S., Messori, M., Saladino, L. & Caponetti, Isolation of alkaloid acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from bulbs of Nerine E. 2011. The effect of silica nanoparticles on the morphology, species (Amaryllidaceae) by countercurrent chromatography. Poster mechanical properties and thermal degradation kinetics of PMMA. presented at the International Organisation for Chemical Sciences in Poster presented at the 11th International Conference on Frontiers Development (IOCD) Symposium: African Plants – Unique Sources of of Polymers and Advanced Materials (ICFPAM 2011), University of Drugs, Agrochemicals, Cosmetics and Functional Foods, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. 22-27 May. the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa. 13-15 January. Muller, T.J., Visser, H.G. & Roodt, A. 2011. Copper as Oxidation Mhike, W., Focke, W.W. & Luyt, A.S. 2011. Thermal and mechanical Catalysis. Oral presented at the 40th South African Chemical properties, as well as conductivities, of LDPE filled with paraffin Institute (SACI) Convention and the 3rd Federation of African Societies wax and different grades of graphite. Lecture presented at the 9th of Chemistry (FASC) Congress, University of the Witwatersrand, EUROFILLERS International Conference (EUROFILLERS 2011), Dresden, Johannesburg, South Africa. 16-21 January. Germany. 21-25 August. Muller, T.J., Visser, H.G. & Roodt, A. 2011. Structural Properties of Miller, B. & Bezuidenhoudt, B.C.B. 2011. Iridium-PCP based catalysts Various Copper(II) Catalysts for Oxidation Catalysts. Poster presented for dehydrogenation of alkanes: A DFT Study on the effect of the at the XXII Congress and General Assembly of the International Union phosphorous substituents in the ligand and alkane substrate on of Crystallographers (IUCr 2011), Madrid, Spain. 22-30 August. reaction path energies. Poster presented at CATSA2011: Annual Ndlovu, S.S., Luyt, A.S. & Van Reenen, A.J. 2011. Effect of using Conference of the Catalysis Society of South Africa (CATSA), Misty Hills degraded LDPE as a compatibilizer in wood polyolefin composites. Country Hotel, Muldersdrift, Gauteng, South Africa. 13-16 November. Poster presented at the 11th Annual UNESCO/IUPAC Workshop and Mochane, M.J. & Luyt, A.S. 2011. Preparation and characterization Conference on Functional Polymeric Materials and Composites, of polymer encapsulated paraffin wax to be used as a phase change Stellenbosch, South Africa. 26-29 April. material for energy storage. Poster presented at the 11th Annual Ndlovu, S.S., Luyt, A.S. & Van Reenen, A.J. 2011. Effect of using UNESCO/IUPAC Workshop and Conference on Functional Polymeric degraded LDPE as a compatibilizer in wood polyolefin composites. Materials and Composites, Stellenbosch, South Africa. 26-29 April. Poster presented at 11th International Conference on Frontiers of Mochane, M.J. & Luyt, A.S. 2011. Preparation and characterization Polymers and Advanced Materials (ICFPAM 2011), University of of polymer encapsulated paraffin wax to be used as a phase change Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. 22-27 May. material for energy storage. Poster presented at the 11th International Nete, M., Purcell, W. & Nel, J.T. 2011. Separation of niobium and Conference on Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced Materials (ICFPAM tantalum by precipitation from homogenous solutions. Oral 2011), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. 22-27 May. presentation at the New Metals Development Network Conference Mofokeng, J.P., Luyt, A.S. & Kovács, J. 2011. Comparison of injection (ZrTa2011), Mount Grace Country House & Spa, Magaliesburg, South moulded, natural fibre reinforced composites with PP and PLA as Africa. 12-14 October. matrices. Poster presented at the POLYCHAR 19 World Forum on Nkabiti, L., Purcell, W. & Snyers, E. 2011. Method development and Advanced Materials, Kathmandu, Nepal. 20-24 March. validation for the rapid quantification of major and trace elements of Mofokeng, J.P., Luyt, A.S., Kovács, J. & Tábi, T. 2011. Comparison of high purity zirconium metal by ICP-OES. Oral presentation at the New injection moulded, natural fibre reinforced composites with PP and Metals Development Network Conference (ZrTa2011), Mount Grace PLA as matrices. Poster presented at the 11th Annual UNESCO/IUPAC Country House & Spa, Magaliesburg, South Africa. 12-14 October. Workshop and Conference on Functional Polymeric Materials and Composites, Stellenbosch, South Africa. 26-29 April. Ochigbo, S.S., Luyt, A.S., Mofokeng, J.P., Antić, Ž., Dramićanin, M.D. & Djoković, V. 2011. Thermoplastic starch- La(OH) nanocomposites: Mofokeng, J.P., Luyt, A.S., Kovács, J. & Tábi, T. 2011. Comparison of 3 Preparation and properties. Invited lecture presented at the 11th injection moulded, natural fiber reinforced composites with PP and Annual UNESCO/IUPAC Workshop and Conference on Functional PLA as matrices. Poster presented at the 11th International Conference Polymeric Materials and Composites, Stellenbosch, South Africa. 26- on Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced Materials (ICFPAM 2011), 29 April. Annual Report 2011 University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. 22-27 May. Ochigbo, S.S., Luyt, A.S., Mofokeng, J.P., Antić, Ž., Dramićanin, M.D. Mokhothu, T.H., Guduri, B.R. & Luyt, A.S. 2011. Preparation and 83 & Djoković, V. 2011. Thermoplastic starch- La(OH) nanocomposites: characterisation of natural fibre/co-polyester biocomposites. Poster 3 Preparation and properties. Invited lecture presented at the 11th presented at the 11th Annual UNESCO/IUPAC Workshop and Conference International Conference on Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced on Functional Polymeric Materials and Composites, Stellenbosch, Materials (ICFPAM 2011), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. South Africa. 26-29 April. 22-27 May. Molokoane, P.P., Matroos, K.R. & Steyl, G. 2011. The synthesis, Ochigbo, S.S., Luyt, A.S., Mofokeng, J.P., Antić, Ž Dramićanin, M.D. characterisation and catalytic application of 3-hydroxy-2- ., & Djoković, V. 2011. Thermoplastic starch- La(OH) nanocomposites: methylpyran-4-one (maltol) derivatives. Poster presented at 3 Preparation and properties. Poster presented at the 2nd International CATSA2011: Annual Conference of the Catalysis Society of South Symposium Frontiers in Polymer Science, Lyon, France. 29-31 May. Africa (CATSA), Misty Hills Country Hotel, Muldersdrift, Gauteng, South Africa. 13-16 November. Pretorius, C., Venter, J.A. & Roodt, A. 2011. Vanadium(III) and Vanadium(IV) complexes with O,O and O,N bidentate ligands. Mosoabisane, M.F.T., Van der Westhuizen, J.H., Kemp, G., Zietsman, Poster presented at the 40th South African Chemical Institute (SACI) P.C., Bonnet, S.L., Cawood, M. & Wilhelm-Mouton, A. 2011. Variation Convention and the 3rd Federation of African Societies of Chemistry in chemical composition of Harpagophytum species as function of (FASC) Congress, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, age and locality. Poster presented at the International Organisation for Chemical Sciences in Development (IOCD) Symposium: African South Africa. 16-21 January. Plants – Unique Sources of Drugs, Agrochemicals, Cosmetics and Purcell, W. & Nel, J.T. 2011. Acid removal of naturally occurring Functional Foods, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South radioactive material from tantalite F. Koko. Oral presented at the New Africa. 13-15 January. Metals Development Network Conference (ZrTa2011), Mount Grace Motaung, T.E., Luyt, A.S., Messori, M., Saladino, L. & Caponetti, E. 2011. Country House & Spa, Magaliesburg, South Africa. 12-14 October. The effect of silica nanoparticles on the morphology, mechanical Romer, R., Underwood, A.P., Van der Westhuizen, J.H., Senekal, N.D., properties and thermal degradation kinetics of PMMA. Poster Bonnet, S.L., Duer, M.J. & Reid, D.G. 2011. Fingerprinting leather 84

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Complexes. and StructuralInvestigation ofNumerous MetalDiphosphonate Complexes ofZirconium(IV. Poster presentedatthe40 Properties ofMixed HalidoandN-&O-DonatingMultidentateLigand Steyn, M.,Roodt,A.&Visser,H.G.2011.AStudyoftheCoordinative South Africa.22-27May. Advanced Materials(ICFPAM 2011),University ofPretoria, Institute (SACI) Convention andthe3 Van derMerwe, K.A.,Visser,H.G.&Venter Convention Center,China.9-11August. Medichem 2011:MasterDrugDiscovery Chemistry,BeijingInternational Data. Oralpresentationdelivered atthe40 System –Novel LigandSystems,KineticStudiesandCrystallographic Schutte, M.,Visser,H.G.&Roodt, 1-2 December. Convegno CongiuntodelleSezioniCalabriaeSicilia2011,Messina,Italy. lecture presentedattheBIT’s2 are Governed by StructuralandElectrochemicalProperties.Invited Swarts, J.C.2011.TheCytotoxicity ofFerrocene-ContainingComplexes Muldersdrift, Gauteng,SouthAfrica.13-16November. Catalysis SocietyofSouthAfrica(CATSA), MistyHillsCountryHotel, diketones. LecturepresentedatCATSA2011: AnnualConferenceofthe and computationalcalculations(DFT)ofgammasubstitutedbeta- Stuurman-Molefe, N.F. &Conradie,J.2011.Synthesis,electrochemistry Magaliesburg, SouthAfrica.12-14October. Network Conference(ZrTa2011), MountGraceCountryHouse&Spa, Ligands. LecturepresentedattheNewMetalsDevelopment Preferences ofZirconium(IV)withN,O-DonorMultidentate Steyn, M.,Visser,H.G.&Roodt,A.2011.AStudyontheChelation Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,SouthAfrica.16-21January. of AfricanSocietiesChemistry(FASC) Congress,University ofthe Imaging andTherapy. Invitedlecturepresentedatthe6 Roodt, A.2011.MolecularMaterialsasRadiopharmaceuticalsfor the Western Cape,CapeTown, SouthAfrica.13-15January. Drugs, Agrochemicals,CosmeticsandFunctionalFoods,University of Development (IOCD)Symposium:AfricanPlants–UniqueSourcesof presented attheInternationalOrganisationforChemicalSciencesin tanning processesusingsimplenon-invasive solidstateNMR Johannesburg, SouthAfrica.16-21January. of Chemistry(FASC) Congress,University oftheWitwatersrand, at the19 Substitution KineticsofRe(I)TricarbonylComplexes. Poster presented Crystallographic Investigation andCorrelationoftheAqua Schutte, M.,Visser,H.G.&Roodt,A.2011.AKineticand Johannesburg, SouthAfrica.16-21January. of Chemistry(FASC) Congress,University oftheWitwatersrand, Institute (SACI) Convention andthe3 Materials ResearchSocietyBiennialConference(6 at the11 containing two differenttypesofEVA copolymer.Poster presented Sefadi, J.S.&Luyt,A.S.2011.ComparisonofEVA/EFB composites 22-30 August. International UnionofCrystallographers(IUCr2011),Madrid,Spain. Poster presentedattheXXIICongressandGeneralAssemblyof effects inthesubstitutionkineticsoffac-[Re(CO)3]+complexes’XXII. Schutte, M.,Visser,H.G.&Roodt,A.2011.Coordinatedligand August –2September. (ISRS 2011),VrijeUniversiteit, Amsterdam,theNetherlands.28 African ChemicalInstitute(SACI) Convention andthe3 and nanoSiO E. 2011.Preparationandcharacterizationofpolymetylmetacrilate Saladino, M.D.,Motaung,T.E., Luyt,A.S.,ChilluraMartino,D.&Caponetti, Falls, Zimbabwe. 11-16December. th th InternationalSymposiumonRadiopharmaceuticalSciences InternationalConferenceonFrontiersofPolymers and Poster presentedatthe40 2 , TiO 2 andZrO 2 . Lecture presented at the composites.Lecturepresentedatthe nd Annual International Conference of AnnualInternationalConferenceof A. 2011.Rhenium(I)Tricarbonyl rd rd FederationofAfricanSocieties FederationofAfricanSocieties th th SouthAfricanChemical SouthAfricanChemical J.A. 2011.Kinetic th IC-ARMS), Victoria rd Federation th th . Poster South Africa

3 Chemical Institute(SACI) Convention andthe3 Functionalized NHCLigands;application intransfersemi- Warsink, S.2011.Palladium Complexes bearingN-Donor Toulouse, France.3-7July. Organometallic Chemistry(EuCOMC),InstitutNationalPolytechnique, presented attheXIXEuCheMSInternationalConferenceon quantify theElectronicPotential ofLigandSubstituents.Poster Von Eschwege, K.G.,Conradie,J.&Kuhn,A.2011.Anovel way to Africa. 7-9December. development, CSIRInternationalConvention Centre,Pretoria,South Better HPCanddata-curationadoption,betterresearchindustrial for HighPerformance ComputingNationalConference(CHPC2011): and Complexes -aDFTApproach.LecturepresentedattheCentre Von Eschwege, K.G.&Conradie,J.2011.Redox Potentials ofLigands Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,SouthAfrica.16-21January. African SocietiesofChemistry(FASC) Congress,University ofthe diketonate ligands.Poster presentedatthe40 structures ofhafniumcomplexes containingO,O’-andN,O- Viljoen, J.A.,Visser,H.G.&Roodt,A.2011.Synthesisandcrystal 22-30 August. International UnionofCrystallographers(IUCr2011),Madrid,Spain. Poster presentedattheXXIICongressandGeneralAssemblyof Kinetics StudiesofOctaCoordinatedHafnium(IV)Complexe. Viljoen, J.A.,Visser,H.G.&Roodt,A.2011.Crystallographicand House &Spa,Magaliesburg,SouthAfrica.12-14October. Development Network Conference(ZrTa2011), MountGraceCountry complexes ofhafnium(IV).LecturepresentedattheNewMetals properties ofmixed halidoandN-&O-donatingbidentateligand Viljoen, J.A.,Visser,H.G.&Roodt,A.2011.Astudyofthecoordinative July. (EuCOMC), InstitutNationalPolytechnique, Toulouse, France.3-7 XIX EuCheMSInternationalConferenceonOrganometallicChemistry the 40 and itsAssociatedRh(I)Carbonylcomplexes. Poster presentedat of Substituentson4-(phenynamino)pent-3-en-2-one(PhonyH) Venter, G.J.S.,Steyl,G.&Roodt,A.2011.Enaminoketones:Influence 22-30 August. International UnionofCrystallographers(IUCr2011),Madrid,Spain. Poster presentedattheXXIICongressandGeneralAssemblyof Influencing Rh(I)DicarbonylComplexes WithHalogenSubstituents. Venter, G.J.S.,Steyl,G.&Roodt,A.2011.Enaminoketones: Gauteng, SouthAfrica.13-16November. of SouthAfrica(CATSA), MistyHillsCountryHotel,Muldersdrift, presented atCATSA2011: AnnualConferenceoftheCatalysisSociety alkene epoxidation utilizingrutheniumphthalocyanines. Poster Van Tonder, J.,Enow, C.&Bezuidenhoudt,B.C.B.2011.Catalytic Western Cape,CapeTown, SouthAfrica.13-15January. Agrochemicals, CosmeticsandFunctionalFoods,University ofthe (IOCD) Symposium:AfricanPlants–UniqueSourcesofDrugs, International OrganisationforChemicalSciencesinDevelopment in theessentialoilfromNolletiaciliaris.Poster presentedatthe L.G.J., Frank,H.&Allemann,A.2011.[E]-Asarone,amainconstituent Van derWesthuizen, J.H.,Bonnet,S.L.,Zietsman,P.C., Ackerman, CO insertionof[Rh(cupf)(CO)(CH Venter, J.A.&Purcell,W. 2011.Solvent catalysisinthemigratory Country Hotel,Muldersdrift,Gauteng,SouthAfrica.13-16November. Conference oftheCatalysisSocietySouthAfrica(CATSA), MistyHills rhodium complexes. LecturepresentedatCATSA2011: Annual predict theoutcomeofoxidative addition reactionsofrelated Venter, J.A.&Purcell,W. 2011.ApplyingtheTolman principleto January. University oftheWitwatersrand,Johannesburg,SouthAfrica.16-21 rd FederationofAfricanSocietiesChemistry(FASC) Congress, th SouthAfricanChemicalInstitute(SACI) Convention andthe 3 )(I)(PX 3 )]. Poster presentedatthe rd th Federationof SouthAfrican

hydrogenation and mechanistic investigations. Lecture presented of Chemistry (FASC) Congress, University of the Witwatersrand, at CATSA2011: Annual Conference of the Catalysis Society of South Johannesburg, South Africa. 16-21 January. Africa (CATSA), Misty Hills Country Hotel, Muldersdrift, Gauteng, South Young, C.A., Bezuidenhoudt, B.C.B. & Roodt, A. 2011. Planar Africa. 13-16 November. organic bridging ligands for Palladium(II) carbon-carbon bond Young, C.A., Bezuidenhoudt, B.C.B. & Roodt, A. 2011. Bipyridine formation catalysts. Poster presented at CATSA2011: Annual based bridging ligands as building blocks for Palladium(II) and Gold(III) Conference of the Catalysis Society of South Africa (CATSA), Misty catalysts. Poster presented at the 40th South African Chemical Hills Country Hotel, Muldersdrift, Gauteng, South Africa. 13-16 Institute (SACI) Convention and the 3rd Federation of African Societies November.

Contact details Academic staff

Prof. André Roodt Main Campus Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Distinguished Professor: Prof. André Roodt Department of Chemistry Senior Professor: Prof. Andrew Marston University of the Free State Professors: Profs Jannie Swarts, Ben Bezuidenhoudt PO Box 339 Bloemfontein Affiliated Professors: Profs Daneel Ferreira, Louis Ackerman, South Africa Connie Medlen, Thys Botha 9300 Associate Professors: Profs Walter Purcell, Robert Dennis, Jan van der Westhuizen, Jeanet Conradie, Deon Visser, Gideon Steyl Telephone: +27 51 401 9212 Affiliated Associate Professor: Prof. Fanie Otto Fax: + 27 51 444 6384 Annual Report 2011 E-mail: [email protected] Senior Lecturers: Dr Susan Bonnet 85 Website: http://www.ufs.ac.za/chem. Lecturers: Drs Karel von Eschwege, Johan Venter, Ernie Langner, Lizette Erasmus, Rebotsamang Shago, Eleanor Fourie, Linette Bennie and Ms Anke Wilhelm-Mouton Subject Coordinators: Dr Marietjie Versteeg (Programme director: Main and South Campus), Ms Rina Meintjes

QwaQwa Campus Professor: Prof. Riaan Luyt Lecturers: Mr Tsietsi Tsotetsi, Mss Moipone Mokoena, Maryam Jordaan, Mpondi Molefe Junior Lecturer: Mr Rantooa Moji 86

Department of Computer Science and Informatics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences smaller dissertation.Thedepartment alsooffersadoctoral a researchdissertationonly,orcan bestructuredwitha development ofasystem.TheMaster’sdegreeconsists one isaresearchmodule,andprojectwhichincludesthe The Honoursdegreeconsistsofvariousmodules,which of naturalsciencesubjects. human-computer interaction,supportedby abackground well assoftwareengineering,network management and gramming, databaseandsystemanalysisdesign,as technologists withskillsinprogramming,Internetpro- These programmesdeliver highlytrainedinformation learning programmes,viz.B.Sc.(IT),andB.Com.(IT). The departmentpresentedtwo majorundergraduate undergraduate andpostgraduateprogrammes. service, whicharereflectedinthecoursesoffered focuses onITlearningandteaching,researchcommunity The DepartmentofComputerScienceandInformatics Overview businesses orcarryonwithpostgraduatestudies.The “Students whohave anITdegreeareingreatdemand department alsofocusesonpreparingschoolchildren at companies.Theycanalsoeitherstarttheirown for ITstudies,whichincludesparticipationinthe Computer Science and Informatics Department of National ComputerOlympiad.” equipment wasacquiredtoenable thedepartmenttodo development ofpostgraduate students.Neweye-tracking be implementedtoprovide assistanceto,aswell asthe partner. Theseprojectsareresearch-relatedandcan projects undertaken by theCOEare fundedby anindustrial tracking equipmentandtheCentreofExcellence (COE). The External fundsaregeneratedby usingourmoderneye- Liezel Nel). (prof. TheoMcDonaldanddrEduanKotzé) andE-learning (dr Pieter BlignautanddrLizettedeWet), DataWarehousing Research focusisonHuman-ComputerInteraction(prof. Programme onSouthCampus. extended programmeandtheUniversity Preparation module forallnewstudentsaswell asstudentsinthe Our departmentisresponsiblefortheComputerLiteracy the postgraduatestudentsintheirstudies. degree. Specialdevicesareacquiredasnecessarytoassist – DrAnelizevanBiljon 09 88

Department of Computer Science and Informatics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences 2011 (ECEM)inFrance. a paperatthe16 Sweden foreye-tracking researchpurposesanddelivered Prof. P.J. Blignautpaid avisittotheLundUniversity in heading ResearchOutputs. delivered papers.Acompletelistcanbefoundunderthe international conferencesandcongresseswherethey During 2011staffmembersattendedvariousnationaland B. SebastianandMsR.Wario. received individualawards:MessrsF. Mudavanhu, R.Alfonsi, awards outofapossibleseven. Thefollowing members towards Teaching andLearning,asthedepartmentwon five received theawardforBestDepartmentalContribution Our department’sextensionontheQwaQwacampus also presented. gramming, theoperatingsystemforsomecellphones,was Bloemfontein company.AshortcourseonAndroidpro- various topics.Oneofthesecourseswaspresentedtoa Staff memberspresentedanumberofshortcourseson students maydiscusstheirresearchtopics. to reportontheirresearchdevelopment andpostgraduate During thesesessionsstaffmembershave theopportunity The departmenthostsanITTalk every Fridayoftheterm. Activities andachievements Ph.D. in2011. involved inpostgraduatestudies.DrT. Beeldersreceived her Quite anumberofourstaffmembersonallcampusesare from aSwedish companywere alsotestedforaccuracy. usability studiesonahighlycompetitive level. Eye-trackers Dr AnelizevanBiljon th EuropeanConferenceonEye Movement and internationallevel. Mathematics Olympiadsonprovincial, national includes thepreparationoflearnersfor committed tocommunityservice,which mathematics olympiadsociety).Sheis Olympiad) andIMAS(aninternational member ofSAMO(SouthAfricanMathematics Dr AnelizevanBiljoniscurrentlyacommittee the conferenceofHigherEducation LearningandTeaching Ms RuthWario andMrF. Mudavanhudelivered papersat (SACLA) inDurban. African ComputerLecturer’sAssociation 2011conference Ms E.DednamandDrKotze attendedtheSouthern Security Summit2011inSandton,SouthAfrica. Messrs WynandNelandJacoMaraisattendedanITWeb Information Systems(ECIS)inHelsinki. Prof. T. McDonaldattendedtheEuropeanConferenceof Mr GavinDollman. Sebastian, MrBenMase.Back:RobertAlfonsi,Teboho Lesesa, Dr AnelizevanBiljon.Secondrow: MrFani Radebe,MrBenedict During anacademicvisittoQwaQwaCampus:Front:MsRuthWario, The department offered a short course in the Android Operating System. Mr Stefan Coetzee, in front of the screen, was the presenter. Most of the participants were lecturers and students in IT.

Association in Southern Africa (HELTASA), Nelson Mandela Two of our postgraduate students, Messrs F. Greeff and L. Metropolitan University. Potgieter attended the South African Symposium for Science and Arts and delivered papers. Mr R. Alfonsi delivered a paper at the Higher Education Data Sharing (HEDS) conference in Pretoria. Staff members of the department received various awards during 2011. Dr Liezel Nel was awarded the Vice-Chancellor’s Prof. P. Blignaut and two of our postgraduate students, Ms T.S. award for her outstanding contribution to teaching and Nkalai and Mr G. Dollman, attended the South African Institute learning at the UFS. Dr Nel also received a HELTASA National for Computer Scientists and Information Technologists 2011 Excellence in Teaching and Learning Award, of which only conference (SAICSIT) in Cape Town and presented posters. five were awarded. Mr F. Mudavanhu received the award for Best E-learning presentation at the Information and Communications Technology Showcase Day (ICT), as well as the NAS Honorary Award in Teaching and Learning.

Networking Two of our second year students, Messrs F. van Greunen and R. Khavhagali, were selected to serve as Google Student Annual Report 2011 Ambassadors at the UFS. 89 Messrs R. Shields and J. Visagie were selected to visit Shenzhen, China, where they learned more about the culture and best practices in international information com muni- cations technology. These students were selected for their outstanding academic performance. The project was an initiative of the Independent Development Trust in collabo- ration with the Huawei Overseas Student Project in China.

An initiative from CSI students led to the founding of ITSA, an Information Technology Student Association. A number of events have been organised successfully. One of the highlights was the presentation on e-commerce and Google AdWords by Agata Pilacinska-Jakubowska from Poland.

Mr F. Mudavanhu received the award for Best E-learning presentation at the Information and Communications Technology Showcase Day (ICT) at the UFS. 90

Department of Computer Science and Informatics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences department. Search methodslocalizedforAfrica,inoneofthelaboratories and FionaLee(fromGoogle),duringtheirpresentationofGoogle Tasha Bergson-Michelson (fromGoogle),DrAnelizevanBiljon Mr RofhiwaKhavhagaliandRenierShields in oneofthelaboratoriesdepartment. presentation ofGoogleSearchmethodslocalizedforAfrica, Fiona LeeandTasha Bergson-Michelson,duringtheir The advanced Python Project group consisting of learners from Bloemfontein schools, with the students responsible for the classes.

Annual Report 2011 Community service 91 Community service is regarded a high priority in the Mathematics Competitions (IMC) in Indonesia and Nepal. She department and is used also as a marketing opportunity also serves on the senior national committee of SAMO. to prospective students and the general public. Students from the service learning module of the department gave The Monyetla Project used the computer lab at the South computer training to a group of unemployed individuals in Campus on Saturdays to teach Computer Applications collaboration with MUCPP. The classes were presented at the Technology (CAT) to school children. South Campus during the second semester. A few schools received older working computers not in use The department runs a programming training course for two in the department anymore. groups of learners, from grade 7 upwards, from Bloemfontein schools. These learners receive training in Python, static web page design, C# and an introduction in robotics. Three Facilities of the learners in grade 10 were in positions 11, 12 and 13, The department has computer laboratories on all three UFS respectively, in the National Computer Olympiad. campuses, where our students do practical assignments.

Dr Anelize van Biljon was involved in preparing Grade 7, 9 and 10-learners for taking part in Mathematics Olympiads, such as Nautilus, the South African Mathematics Olympiad Staff matters (SAMO), Po Leung Kuk (PLK) in Hong Kong and International Mr N. van Zyl left the department at the end of 2011. 92

Department of Computer Science and Informatics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences School), DrAnelizevanBiljon,MrPieterViljoen(MartieduPlessisSchoolfortheDisabled,Roy Doubell(Hoërskool Plessis). Sanddu Lauren Knoesen(Karel duToit SchoolfortheDeaf).Back:MrJanAckerman (OnzeRustPrimarySchool),MrL.B.Mlamleli(Botlehadi Some schoolsreceived olderworking computersnotinusethedepartmentanymore,tobeusedschoolsby Front:Ms thelearners. Natuurwetenskap enTegnologie 30(1):1. beperkte ofgeenrekenaarvaardighede. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir virtuele opvoedkundige koppelvlak-agente opvolwassenes met Potgieter, L.&DeWet, L.2011.Dieassesseringvandieimpak van presence: Theroleofcommunication.Progressio 33(1):116-137. Nel, E.&Ndeya-Ndereya,C.N.2011.Enhancingonlinesocial 51(2): 124-141. (Deel 1:BasieseKonstruksies). Tydskrif virGeesteswetenskappe konstruksies metindiensoosgebruikinwetenskaplike tydskrifte Messerschmidt, J.J.E.&H.J.2011.Voorwaardelike Tydskrif virNatuurwetenskap enTegnologie 30(1):1. spraakherkenning inplaasvan’nrekenaarmuis. Suid-Afrikaanse Beelders, T.R., Blignaut,P.J. &Greeff,F. 2011.Oogvolging en Research articles Research Outputs green recalltexts.Paperdelivered atthe5 Berg, L.,Beelders,T.R. &Van Zyl,J.H.2011.Analysisofeye-tracking Pretoria, SouthAfrica.24-26October. and PractitionersConference,Tshwane University ofTechnology, Education Development andSupport(HEDS‘11)HigherEducation of theFreeState,QwaQwa campus.Paperdelivered attheHigher through thesharingofbestpractices:ThecaseUniversity Alfonsi, R.M.&Naidoo,M.2011.Improving teachingandlearning Conference contributions Technologies, editedby I.Ipsic,Croatia,Rijeka:InTech. pp.385-404. gaze asamultimodalinterfaceforword processor.InSpeech Beelders, T.R. & Blignaut, P.J. 2011.Theusabilityofspeechandeye Chapter inbook Department ofComputerScienceandInformatics th InternationalBusiness Conference (IBC2011), The Grand Mauritian Luxury Resort and Spa, Kotze, J.E. & McDonald, T. 2011. Effectiveness of a business Mauritius. 26-30 September. intelligence solution to manage the antiretroviral therapy th Bergh, L., Beelders, T.R. & Van Zyl, J.H. 2011. Cognitive recall, programme. Proceedings of the 4 International Conference on reference points and negative prioritization in multimodal texts. Health Informatics (HEALTHINF 2011), Rome, Italy. 26-29 January. pp. Paper delivered at the Annual Conference of the German Linguistic 543-546. Society (DGfS): Beyond Semantics – Corpus-based investigations of Nkalai, T.S. & De Wet, L. 2011. Comparing the sensor glove and pragmatic and discourse phenomena, Göttingen, Germany. 23-25 eye-tracker as alternatives to measure computer anxiety. Poster February. (Abstract only). presented at the South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Bergh, L., Beelders, T.R. & Van Den Berg, R.H. 2011. Reference points, Information Technologists (SAICSIT) 2011 Conference, Waterfront, cognitive affordance and multimodal metaphors, analysing multimodal Cape Town, South Africa. 3-5 October. discourse. Paper delivered at the Systematic Functional Linguistic Potgieter, L. & De Wet, L. 2011. Evaluering van die impak van (SFL) Conference: Analysing Multimodal Discourse (AMD) - SFL meets bi-nurale ritmes op gebruikersprestasies met behulp van ‘n Pragmatics, Loughborough, UK. 1-3 September. (Abstract only). breinrekenaar-koppelvlak. Paper delivered at the “Suid- Afrikaanse Blignaut, P.J. 2011. A tool to measure the accuracy and precision of Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns Studentesimposium”, Pretoria, eye-trackers. Paper delivered at the 16th European Conference on South Africa. 27-28 October. Eye Movements (ECEM 2011), Marseilles, France. 21-25 August. Dollman, G.J., De Wet, L. & Beelders, T.R. 2011. The effects of access Shih, T. & Blignaut, P.J. 2011. The influence of gender and internet to technology on the usability of a BCI. Poster presented at the experience on the acceptability of smell as interaction modality. South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Information Proceedings of the South African Institute for Computer Scientists Technologists (SAICSIT) 2011 Conference, Waterfront, Cape Town, and Information Technologists (SAICSIT) 2011 Conference, Waterfront, South Africa. 3-5 October. Cape Town, South Africa. 3-5 October. pp. 205-214. Greeff, F., De Wet, L. & Nel, W. 2011. Die kombinering van Wario, R.D. & McDonald, T. 2011. An investigation into the use of the fisiologiese en tradisionele gebruikerstoetstegnieke om sosiale internet and e-commerce in Kenya. Proceedings of the International netwerke op verskeie tegnologiese platvorms te evalueer. Paper Association for the Development of the Information Society (IADIS) delivered at the “Suid Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns International Conference: Internet Technologies & Society (ITS 2011), Studentesimposium”, Pretoria, South Africa. 27-28 October. Shanghai, China. 8-10 December. pp. 241-245.

Contact details Academic staff

Dr Anelize van Biljon Main Campus Department of Computer Science and Professors: Pieter Blignaut, Theo McDonald Informatics Affiliated Professor: Hans Messerschmidt University of the Free State Senior Lecturers: Drs Anelize van Biljon, Lizette de Wet, Liezel Nel, PO Box 339 Eduan Kotze Bloemfontein South Africa Lecturers: Dr Tanya Beelders, Ms Engela Dednam, Messrs Andries Annual Report 2011 9300 Burger, Wynand Nel, Casper Wessels, Ruhan Ferreira Junior Lecturers: Ms Marina Botha, Messrs Rouxan Fouché, Jaco Marais 93 Telephone: +27 (0)51 401 2754 Fax: +27 (0)51 401 2754 Administrative Officers: Mss Erna Dippenaar, Suezette Opperman E-mail: [email protected] Technical Officer: Mr Brian Campbell Website: www.ufs.ac.za/it Assistant, Special Equipment: Mr Daniel Wium COE Assistant: Ms Marietjie Gerber QwaQwa Campus: Lecturer: Mr Robert Alfonsi, Ms Ruth Wario Junior Lecturers: Messrs Ben Mase, Frederick Mudavanhu, Fani Radebe, Benedict Sebastian, Gavin Dollman, Teboho Lesesa Administrative Officers: Mss Maletsatsi Bless, Palesa Rampeta Technical Officer: Mr Peter Mosikili South Campus: Lecturer: Mr Ronnie Brown Administrative Officer: Ms Suretha de Klerk Technical Officer: Mr Nico van Zyl 94

Department of Consumer Science Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Economics, 7inM.Sc.HomeEconomics and3foraPh.D. Nine studentswere registered fortheB.Sc.HonoursinHome Science (Foods)and4intheB.Sc. HomeEconomics(Foods). were registeredin2011,19studentstheBConsumer the B.ConsumerScience(General)programme130students graduate programmesandthreepostgraduatedegrees.In The departmentofConsumerScienceofferthreeunder- benefit inthefieldoftextilesandfoods. strengthen thescientificbasisfromwhichconsumercan postgraduate studentstoundertake researchprojectsto The departmentalsostrives tomotivateandlead available resources. housing andtheskillstohelpthemfulfiltheseneedswith needs ofindividualsandfamiliesregardingfood,clothing students withtheknowledge toidentifyandunderstandthe ment ofConsumerScienceseekstoequipourunder graduate an individualdepartmentfromJanuary2009.Thedepart- The departmentofConsumerSciencehasbeenreinstatedas Overview to motivateandleadpostgraduatestudents undertake researchprojectstostrengthenthe “The departmentofConsumerSciencestrives scientific basisfromwhichtheconsumercan benefit inthefieldoftextilesandfoods.” Consumer Science Department of efficiency ofCatholyteonPolyamide 6,6fabric. an oralpresentationontheEvaluation ofthesoilremoval substance inhumandietatthe10 presented aposteronAgave americanaflower budsasfood (Department ofBiotechnology)andProf.H.J.H.Steyn Ms M.Semuli(M.ScHomeEconomicsstudent),C.Bothma Polyamide 6,6fabric. length, wrinklerecovery anddimensionalstability of laundering withCatholyteonthetensilestrength,bending and Prof.Steyndelivered apresentationonTheinfluenceof attended the5 Ms N.vanHeerden(Ph.Dstudent)andProf.H.J.HSteyn Conference inPretoria7 (Ph.D student)attendedthe10 Prof. H.J.H.Steyn,MsJ.Vermaas andMsN.vanHeerden Activities andachievements Conference inPretoria7 in Bonn,Germanyfromthe18 Conference onConsumerBehaviourforaSustainableFuture th InternationalConsumerSciencesResearch th th -11 -11 th th March2011. th March2011.MsVan Heerden – Prof.HesterSteyn - 20 th th th InternationalSAAFECS July2011anddelivered InternationalSAAFECS 11 96

Department of Consumer Science Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University ofBotswana,Gaborone,Botswanafromthe26 hosted by theDepartmentofFamilyandConsumerSciences, attended the5 M.M. Mmopelwa(M.Scstudent)andProf.H.J.H.Steyn and catholyte)asanalternative detergentandtheeffect using electrochemicallychemically activatedwater(anolyte 2011 aremainlyprojectsthatinvestigate thepossibilityof Research doneinthedepartment ofConsumerSciencein Research 28 technologies atthe5 Prof. H.J.H.SteynpresentedScalingupcleancooking and students’interpretationuseoffoodlabels. September 2011andpresentedAnevaluation offoodlabels of Botswana,Gaborone,Botswanafromthe26 the DepartmentofFamilyandConsumerSciences,University on the21 Prof. Steynattendedtheannualmeetingofcommittee ability oftheInternationalFederationforHomeEconomics. programme committeeHouseholdTechnology andSustain- Prof. H.J.H.SteynandMsJ.S.vanZylaremembersofthe Stamminger fromtheUniversity ofBonn. th September2011withChristianePakulaandRainer Prof. HesterSteyn st July,heldattheUniversity ofBonninGermany. th IFHE-AfricaregionalConferencehostedby th IFHE-Africaregionalconference management intextilesandclothing. textiles, patterndesign,housingandquality Prof. HesterSteynpresentscoursesin th -28 th th -

are currentlyinprogress. Projects onGonometaPostica silkandAlpacaHuycaya fibres natural textilefibresandfabricsavailableinSouthernAfrica. of thetreatmentonpropertiestextilefibres students towear intheFoods laboratory. learned tosewchefjackets andmadejackets thatare soldto the Mamellogrouptoimprove theirsewingskills.They In thesecondsemesterMsDoretha Jacobscontinuedwith crocheting, knitting,ribbonweaving andpatchwork. group memberstodoquilting,handembroidering, demonstrations andworkshops toenablethecommunity one oftheirmajorneeds.Theyplannedaserieslecture the communitygroupidentifiedincomegeneratingskillsas group askillsdevelopment planfor2011.Thestudentsand They identifiedtheneedsofgroupandplannedwith with agroupofunemployed membersfromthecommunity. under thesupervisionofMsIsmarivanderMerwe worked the FreeState.Infirstsemesterfinalyear students milkshed” ontheexperimentalfarmofUniversity of Mamello communitydevelopment programmeinthe“old The departmentofConsumerSciencecontinuedwiththe Community service Mariël Bruytenbach, 4th year student demonstrates a sewing technique to one of the members of the Mamello needlework project.

Annual Report 2011 97

Ms N. van Heerden a research assistant, busy with a demonstration for the students of the Francistown college of Education, Botswana. 98

Department of Consumer Science Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences class activities. painting techniquesandfoodtechnologyappropriatefor 2011 andattendedpracticalworkshops ontextiledyeing and department ofConsumerScienceonthe29 College ofEducationinFrancistown, Botswanavisitedthe A groupof28studentsandlecturersfromtheFrancistown Collaboration Lecturers oftheFrancistown CollegeofEducation,BotswanawithProf.H.J.H.SteynthedepartmentConsumerScience. th November Research Outputs Department of Consumer Science

Conference contribution Van Heerden, N. & Steyn, H.J.H. 2011. Evaluation of the soil removal efficiency of Catholyte on Polyamide 6,6 fabric. Paper delivered at the 5th International Consumer Sciences Research Conference (ICSRC): Consumer Behaviour for a Sustainable Future, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. 18-20 July.

Contact details Academic staff Annual Report 2011

Prof. Hester Steyn Associate professor: Prof. H.J.H. Steyn 99 Department of Consumer Sciences Lecturers: Ms I. van der Merwe, Ms J.Vermaas Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Junior lecturers: Ms J.S. van Zyl, Ms P.Z. Swart University of the Free State PO Box 339 Bloemfontein South Africa 9300

Telephone: +27 51 401 2304 Fax: +27 51 401 9995 +27 86 693 4974 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ufs.ac.za 100

Department of Genetics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Schools were visitedtointroduce thechildrentoGenetics. a part-timeForensicGeneticsHonoursprogramme. Short coursesinForensicScienceswere developed as well as Dr Dalton,MssEhlers,Van derWesthuizen &Wessels): Animal andForensicGenetics(ProfsGrobler,Turner&Kotzé, Research Average numberofstudentspermoduleforthe Table 1. since itsinceptionin2008(Table 1). The DepartmentofGeneticsshowed exceptional growth Teaching Second year Third year period 2008-2011 First year Honours M &D exceptional growth sinceitsinceptionin2008.” 0820 002011 2010 2009 2008 7 389 374 2 0 8 205 184 106 122 02 323 23 22 20 96 1100 71 63 59 61 318 23 14 16 “The DepartmentofGeneticsshowed 5 431 553 Department of  The geographicgenetic structureofvervet monkey   The natureandextentofhybridizationbetween blueand The geneticstructureoffreshwatermusselsinthesouth-  Projects With rhino poachingnow aregularfeatureofnews Wisconson-Milwaukee intheUSA. University ofCalifornia(Los Angeles)andUniversity of populations acrossAfricacontinues incollaborationwith State andKwaZulu-Natal Provinces). in BloemfonteinandconservationofficersfromtheFree the NationalZoologicalGarden(NZG),Museum Research (incollaborationwiththeUniversity ofPretoria, has beenpublishedintheEuropeanJournalofWildlife black wildebeestinSouthAfrica;continues;areview the resultswere publishedintheJournalofHeredity. eastern UnitedStates(withVirginiaTech); concludedand Mpumalanga Tourism andParksAgency). based conservationstrategy(incollaborationwiththe Iqaba Biotech);andresearchtowards anindividual- for SNPdiscovery (withNationalZoologicalGardens and use EndonucleaseVmismatchcleavagemediatedmethods bulletins, two projectsonrhinosareongoing:amethodto Genetics – Prof.JohanSpies 11 102

Department of Genetics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences The validationofcrossspeciesmarkers invariouswildlife Development andoptimizationofDNA isolationtechniques    Molecular insightsintothegeneticvariationof  Population geneticstudiesonSoutherngroundhornbills ThegeneticstructureofsheepbreedsinSouthAfrica(with  The trackingoftheoriginpeaweevils (aseriousthreat  (Prof. Spies,MrMaleka&MsSpies) Plant genetics Microsatellitemarker development forred-billedoxpeckers species forforensicapplication(NZG). butts andotherforensicsamples,includingtouchDNA. from problematicforensicsamplessuchasbone,cigarette (NZG, EWT). Pangolin Working Group). ground pangolin(NationalZoologicalGardens,theAfrican France). Conservation Project;NaturalHistoryMuseum,Paris, Working Group;MabulaGroundHornbillResearchand (NZG; EndangeredWildlifeTrust,SouthernGroundHornbill the NZGandAgriculturalResearchCouncil(ARC). to agriculture)inEthiopia. Providing informationtoCliviabreeders.   Identification andcharacterizationofgenes involved in  DNA barcodingofvariouspetaloidmonocots  Genetic variationandphylogeneticrelationshipsin Projects: the formationofflower colourinClivia. (International BarcodeofLifeorganisation). Clivia, LachenaliaandGethyllis(withARCRoodeplaat). Prof. JohanSpies molecular systematics. are incytogenetics,behaviouralgeneticsand The areasofexpertiseProf.JohanSpies Transactions inGenetics,withProfsSpies&Grobleraseditors. were publishedasthepeer-reviewed journal, Symposium inSeptember.Proceedingsofthe The DepartmentofGeneticshostedtheInaugural Professional activities 2011. Ms HesmarivanderWesthuizen obtainedherM.Sc.during were appointedasjuniorlecturersduring2011. Ms Sue-RicaSchneiderandHesmarivanderWesthuizen also improved. Dr PaulGroblerwaspromotedtoProfessorandhisNRFrating Staff matters (Prof. Spies,MssOdendaal&Schneider) Behavioural andhumangenetics   The roleofgeneticandenvironmentalinfluenceson  The effectsofneurochemicalclustergenes(the Projects: Theallelicfrequenciesofseveral selectedneurochemical cluster geneswithindifferentSouthAfricanpopulations. aggressive behaviour. behavioural patterns. serotonergic anddopaminergicsystems)ondifferent Philosophical Philosophical Postgraduate students on a catfish sampling expedition.

Forensic students and lecturers at the automated laboratory of the South African Forensic Laboratories.

Annual Report 2011 103

Prof. Grobler is currently serving his third term on the Council She serves on the Board of Directors of the Mabula Ground of the Southern African Wildlife Management Association Hornbill Research and Conservation Project and IBREAM SA (SAWMA). He is also the genetics associate-editor for the (Institute for the Breeding of Rare and Endangered African Southern African Journal of Aquatic Sciences. He is also a Mammals). She received the Pan African Association of Zoos deputy member of the faculty in the Department of Fish and and Aquaria (PAAZAB) Conservation Award (in recognition of Wildlife Conservation at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and outstanding and significant contributions to the conservation State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, USA and serves on of African species). the graduate committee of a Ph.D. student in that department. Ms Paula Spies is a member of the Executive Council of the South African Genetics Society. Prof. Antoinette Kotzé is currently Chair of the African Association of Zoos and Aquariums Conservation Science Ms Sue-Rica Schneider received the Muller Potgieter Medal and Research Committee, Chair of the National Zoological for the best nonclinical publication by a member of the Gardens of South Africa’s Ethics and Scientific Committee. Faculty of Health Sciences. 104

Department of Genetics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Transactions inGenetics1:152-167. Ehlers, K.&Wessels, L.2011.Theartofgenotyping. Conservation GeneticResources3:677-679. characterization ofspecies-specificmicrosatellitelociintheblesbok. Dalton, D.L.,Kotzé, A.&Van Wyk,A.M.2011.Isolationand Science International207:e51-e54. identification inthreeforensicwildlifecasesSouthAfrica. Dalton, D.L.&Kotzé, A.2011.DNAbarcodingasatoolforspecies Malawi. HerpetologicalReview42:369-371. 2011. ConfirmedamphibianchytridintheMountMulanjeArea, Conradie, W., Harvey, J.,Kotzé, A.,Dalton,D.L.&Cunningham,M.J. for long-termgeographicisolates.MolecularEcology20:706-724. population divergence timeofcheetahsinAfricaandAsia:evidence Walzer, W. &Burger,P. 2011.Phylogeography,geneticstructureand S., Vercammen, P., Grange,T., Schlötterer,C.,Kotzé, A.,Geigl,E., L., Ziaie,H.,Jourabchian,A.,Jowkar, H.,Schaller,G.,Ostrowski, Charruau, P., Fernandes,C.,Orozco-terWengel, P., Peters, J.,Hunter, Wildlife Research57:971-975. from baboon(Papio ursinus)faecalsamples.EuropeanJournalof age andstoragemethodonDNAyieldmicrosatelliteamplification Bubb, A.,Ehlers,K.,Kotzé, A.&Grobler,J.P. 2011.Theeffectofsample Molecular EcologyResources11:219-222. Ecology ResourcesDatabase1August2010–30September2010. consortium). 2011.Permanent GeneticResourcesaddedtoMolecular Zucchi, M.I.(TheMolecularEcologyResourcesprimerdevelopment D., Vu,N.V., Wickneswari,R.,Williams,A.S.,Wimp,G.M.,Witte,V. & Sukganah, A.,Takayama, K.,Tamura, M.,Tateishi, Y., Vanhaecke, Sanderson, D.,Sannier,J.,Sathe,S.,Sheridan,C.K.,Smulders,M.J., V.A., Pearcy, M.,Pinheiro,J.B.,Power, L.D.,Rawat,A.,Reusch,T.B., M., Moyer, G.R.,Nelson,R.J.,Nguyen, T.T., Omoto,C.,Ono,J.,Pavinato, S., Matthews,E.A.,Medlin,L.K.,Messmer,A.M.,Meyer, E.I.,Monteiro, B.F., Kotzé, A.,Lalremruata,Leese,F., Li,C.,Liew,W.Y., Martinelli, M.B., Hayes, P.K., Hong,Y., Kajita, T., Kalinowski, S.T., Keller, L.,Koop, Garcia deLeaniz,C.,Ginwal,H.S.,Goodisman,M.A.,Guo,B.,Hamilton, Fernández-Manjarrés, J.F., Frascaria-Lacoste,N.,Gäbler-Schwarz,S., Díaz-Ferguson, E.,Douglas,M.R.,Drees,M.,Elderson,J.,Esselink,G.D., P., Chauhan,P., Consuegra,S.,Croxford, A.,Dalton,D.L.,DenBelder,E., Aggarwal, R.K.,Allainguillaume,J.,Bajay,M.M.,Barthwal,S.,Bertolino, Research articles Group ofpost-graduatebehaviouralgenetics studentsinthenewlyestablishedhumanmolecularlaboratory. Philosophical Forensic Research Outputs

Genetics 1: and breedingofnewflower bulbcrops. Kleynhans, R.& Herpetological Review42:379-382. in amphibianpopulationsofOkomu National Park,Nigeria. Du Preez,L.H.2011.OccurrenceofBatrachochytriumdendrobatidis Imasuen, A.A.,Aisien,M.S.O.,Weldon, C.,Dalton,D.L.,Kotzé, A.& of WildlifeResearch57:997-1006. case oftheblackwildebeest–Connochaetesgnou.EuropeanJournal species: decisionmakinginthefaceofimperfectinformation B. &Vrahimis,S.2011.Managementofhybridizationinanendemic Grobler, J.P., Rushworth, I.,Brink,J.S.,Bloomer,P., Kotzé, A.,Reilly, (Cyprogenia stegaria).JournalofHeredity102:196-206. haplotype diversity intheendangeredfanshellpearlymussel 2011. Homogeneityatnuclearmicrosatellitelocimasksmitochondrial Grobler, J.P., Jones,J.W., Johnson,N.A.,Neves, R.J.&Hallerman,E.M. system. PhilosophicalTransactionsinGenetics1:138-151. using Grobler, J.P. &Van derWesthuizen, H.M.2011.Co-evolution: towards Imbrasia belinaandColophospermummopaneasamodel 79-101. Spies, J.J.2011.Requirementsforthedevelopment Department ofGenetics Philosophical Transactionsin

Kotzé, A. & Nxomani, C. 2011. The National Zoological Gardens of South Africa: a National Research Facility. International Zoo Yearbook 45: 30-37. Laubscher, N., Odendaal, Z., Schneider, S. & Spies, J.J. 2011. A review of the influence of some neurotransmitter genes and emotional intelligence on aggression. Philosophical Transactions in Genetics 1: 42-66. Maleka, M.F., Mafofo, J., Rees, D.J.G. & Spies, J.J. 2011. The identification of genes involved in colour formation in Clivia miniata flowers. Clivia 13: 42-50. First issue of the Philosophical Transactions in Genetics. Moganedi, K.L.M., Sibara, M.M., Grobler, J.P. & Goyvaerts, E.M.A. 2011. An assessment of genetic diversity among marula populations using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6: 790-797. Müller, B., De Klerk-Lorist, L., Henton, M., Lane, E., Parsons, S., Gey Van der Westhuizen, H.M., Spies, P. & Spies, J.J. 2011. Identifying Van Pittius, N., Kotzé, A., Van Helden, P. & Tanner, M. 2011. Mixed Clivia nobilis and C. mirabilis in the laboratory. Clivia 13: 38-41. infections of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and non- tuberculous mycobacteria in South African antelopes presenting with Zimmerman, D., Anderson, M.D., Lane, E., Van Wilpe, E., Carulei, O., tuberculosis-like lesions. Veterinary Microbiology 147: 340-345. Douglass, N., Williamson, A. & Kotzé, A. 2011. Avian poxvirus epizootic in a breeding population of Lesser Flamingos (Phoenicopterus minor) Annual Report 2011 Naidoo, V., Wolter, K., Espie, I. & Kotzé, A. 2011. Vulture rescue and at Kamfers Dam, Kimberley, South Africa. Journal of Wildlife Diseases rehabilitation in South Africa: An urban perspective. Journal of the 47: 989-993. 105 South African Veterinary Association 82: 24-31. Odendaal, Z., Spies, P., Schneider, S. & Spies, J.J. 2011. Review of the psychobiology of aggression in humans, focussing on the serotonergic Research reports pathway. Philosophical Transactions in Genetics 1: 102-137. Botha, A., Coetzee, R., Hagens, Q., Hockey, P., Jansen, R., Jordan, L., Shimelis, H.A. & Spies, J.J. 2011. Aneuploids of wheat and Jordan, M., Kemp, A., Kotzé, A., Little, R., Meares, K., Moss, D., Rehse, chromosomal localization of genes. African Journal of Biotechnology T., Theron, N. & Turner, A. 2011. Southern Ground Hornbill (Bucorvus 10: 5545-5551. leadbeateri): Species Recovery Plan for South Africa. Report delivered to the Southern Ground Hornbill Interest Group, South Africa. Spies, J.J. 2011. Building the Clivia puzzle. Clivia News 20(4): 5-7. Spies, J.J., Snyman, M.C. & Viljoen, C.D. 2011. The identification of genes for flower colour in Clivia. Clivia 13: 51-58. Conference contributions Coetzer, R., Grobler, J.P. & Turner, T. 2011. The genetic structuring Spies, J.J., Spies, P. & Kleynhans, R. 2011. Basic chromosome numbers of Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) in the south–eastern parts in the genus Lachenalia (Hyacinthaceae). Philosophical Transactions of South Africa. Poster presented at the 7th International Wildlife in Genetics 1: 67-78. Ranching Symposium (IWRS): The Business of Conservation – Science, Spies, P., Grobler, J.P. & Spies, J.J. 2011. A review of phylogenetic Livelihoods and Values, Kimberley, South Africa. 10-14 October. relationships in the genus Clivia. Philosophical Transactions in Dalton, D.L. & Kotzé, A. 2011. Application of the genetics toolbox for Genetics 1: 168-207. the conservation of zoo and wildlife populations. Paper delivered at Spies, P., Van der Westhuizen, H.M., Stegman, S., Watson, M. & Spies, the 22nd Conference and Annual General Meeting of the Pan African J.J. 2011. Bar-coding Clivia for species identification. Clivia 13: 26-37. Association of Zoos and Aquaria (PAAZAB): Zoos and Aquaria as Spies, J.J. 2011. Observations on ‘batch study of C. miniata x C. nobilis Learning Environments, National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, crosses’. Clivia News 20(1): 12-13. Pretoria, South Africa. 17-22 May. 106

Department of Genetics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences relationships amongvervet monkeys. Paperdelivered atthe9 Danzy, J.,Grobler,J.P. &Turner,T.E. 2011.Sunbathingandsocial Physiology andGeneticsofWildlife,Berlin,Germany.14-17September. Conference (IEC), Indiana University, Indiana, USA. 25-30 July. Conference (IEC),IndianaUniversity, Indiana,USA.25-30July. the AnimalBehaviourSociety(ABS)and theInternationalEthological aethiops. Poster presentedattheBehaviour 2011:JointMeetingof in affiliative behaviouramongmalevervet monkeys , Chlorocebus Danzy, J.,Grobler,J.P., Freimer,N.&Turner,T. 2011.Temporal differences Mtunzini, Kwa-Zulu Natal,SouthAfrica.1-3July. the SouthAfricanPrimatologyAssociation,TradewindsCountryInn, Annual MeetingofthePrimateEcologyandGeneticsGroup(PEGG) Paper delivered atthe8 Hornbills: populationstructureexplainedby steppingstonedispersal. Dalton, D.L.,Grobler,J.P., Jansen,R.&Kotzé, A. University, Stellenbosch,SouthAfrica.10-13 July. the ParasitologicalSocietyofSouthernAfrica(PARSA), Stellenbosch Conference oftheZoologicalSocietySouthernAfrica(ZSSA)and in Botswana revealed by DNAprofiling.Paperdelivered attheJoint Dalton, D.L.&Kotzé, A.2011.Socialstructureoffreerangingcheetah Africa. 10-14October. Conservation –Science,Livelihoods andValues, Kimberley,South International WildlifeRanchingSymposium(IWRS):TheBusinessof 3 identification inforensicwildlifecases.Paperdelivered atthe Dalton, D.L.&Kotzé, A.2011.DNAbarcodingasatoolforspecies the geneticsofwildlifeconservation Dalton, D.L.&Kotzé, A.2011.Meshingmoleculesandmanagement: Zoo, Johannesburg,SouthAfrica.2November. Frog population management.Paperdelivered atthePickersgill’s Reed Dalton, D.L.&Kotzé, A.2011.DNAresearchandtheneedfor Gardens ofSouthAfrica,Pretoria,Africa.27-28October. rd AnnualAfricanDNAForensicsConference,NationalZoological Gethyllis (Koekemakranka) specimencollectedforresearch. ex situConservationandResearchWorkshop, Johannesburg th International Conference on Behaviour, InternationalConferenceonBehaviour, . Paperdelivered atthe7 Southern Ground 2011.SouthernGround th th

safeguard rhinos.Paperdelivered atthe10 Kotzé, A.2011.Thetipofthehorn:multi-disciplinedapproaches to September. Association ofZoosandAquaria (EAZA),Montpellier,France.20-24 research platform.Paperdelivered attheConferenceofEuropean Kotzé, A.2011.TheNationalZoologicalGardensofSouthAfricaasa Bloemfontein, SouthAfrica.9September. Inaugural GeneticsSymposium,University oftheFreeState, and breedingofnewflower bulbcrops.Paperdelivered atthe Kleynhans, R.&Spies,J.J.2011.Requirementsforthedevelopment AIDS, Seattle,Washington State,USA.25-28 October. South Africa:TheUFSperspective. Paperdelivered atthe2 Ehlers, K.&Wessels, L.2011.Tertiary trainingofForensicScientistsin September. American SocietyofPrimatologists(ASP),Austin,Texas, USA.16-19 at the22 rhinoceros Pulmonary InfectionduetoMycobacterium bovis inablack A.S.W., Michel,A.L.,Muller,A.,Kotzé, A.&Van Helden,P.D. Espie, I.W., Hlokwe, T.M., GeyvanPittius,N.C.,Lane,E.P., Tordiffe, Genetics ofWildlife,Berlin,Germany.14-17September. Survival Commission(SSC)oftheInternational UnionforConservation at the7 case oftheblackwildebeest species: decisionmakinginthefaceofimperfectinformation S. 2011.Managementofhybridizationinawidelyutilizedendemic Grobler, J.P., Rushworth, I.,Kotzé, A.,Bloomer,P., Reilly,B.&Vrahimis, University oftheFreeState,Bloemfontein,SouthAfrica.9September. system. Paperdelivered attheInauguralGeneticsSymposium, using Grobler, J.P. &Van derWesthuizen, H.M.2011. 14-15 October. Interest Group2011Meeting,Kent StateUniversity, Kent, Ohio,USA. (Chlorocebus aethiops).Poster presentedattheMidwest Primate Determinants ofParasite SpeciesRichnessinwildvervet monkeys J.P., Freimer,N.&Turner,T.R. 2011. Ecological andAnthropogenic Gaetano, T.J., Danzy,J.,Mtshali,S.,Theron,N.,Schmitt,C.A.,Grobler, Pretoria, SouthAfrica.17-22May. Learning Environments,NationalZoologicalGardensofSouthAfrica, Association ofZoosandAquaria (PAAZAB): ZoosandAquaria as vervet monkeys. Poster presentedatthe80 behavioral responsetoseasonalclimaticchangeinSouthAfrican Danzy, J.,Grobler,J.P., Freimer,N.&Turner,T.R. 2011.Sunning:A at the29 for geneticstudyofSIVinfectionandprogression.Poster presented Freimer, N.2011.Vervet orAfricangreenmonkey (AGM) asasystem J.P., Antonio,M., Dione,M.,Wasserscheid, J.,Dewar,K.,Warren, W. & Jung, Y., Coppola, G.,Ma,M.,Apetrei,C.,Pandrea,I.,Turner,T., Grobler, Jasinska, A.J.,Tran,N.,Huang,Y., Schmitt,C.,Choi,O-W., DeYoung, J., Kimberley, SouthAfrica.10-14October. The BusinessofConservation–Science,Livelihoods andValues, aethiops pygerythrus). Paperdelivered atthe34 characteristics amongfreerangingvervet monkeys N. &Turner,T. 2011.Alinkbetween colourandsecondarysexual Danzy, J.,Grobler,J.P., Gaetano,T., Schmitt,C.A.,Lorenz,J.,Freimer, Minneapolis, USA.13-16April. American AssociationofPhysicalAnthropologists(AAPA), TheHilton, rhinoceros Diagnosis andimplicationsofMycobacterium bovis inablack A.S.W., Michel,A.L.,Muller,A.,Kotzé, A.&Van Helden,P.D. Espie, I.W., Hlokwe, T.M., GeyvanPittius,N.C.,Lane,E.P., Tordiffe, Bloemfontein, SouthAfrica.9September. at theInauguralGeneticsSymposium,University oftheFreeState, Ehlers, K.&Wessels, L.2011.Theartofgenotyping.Paperdelivered 14-15 December. Southern AfricanForensicDNAConference,Pretoria,SouthAfrica. at the8 Imbrasia belinaandColophospermummopaneasamodel nd th th th InternationalConferenceonBehaviour,Physiologyand ConferenceandAnnualGeneralMeetingofthePanAfrican (Diceros bicornisminor)inSouthAfrica.Paperdelivered (Diceros bicornisminor) InternationalWildlifeRanchingSymposium(IWRS): AnnualSymposiumonNonhumanPrimateModelsfor (Connochaetes gnou).Paperdelivered in SouthAfrica.Paperdelivered th th MeetingoftheSpecies AnnualMeetingofthe Co-evolution: towards th Meetingofthe (Chlorocebus nd Interpol 2011. 2011. of Nature (IUCN): African Rhino Specialist Group, Mokala Nature the South African Primatology Association, Tradewinds Country Inn, Reserve, Kimberley, South Africa. 5-10 March. Mtunzini, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. 1-3 July. Kotzé, A., Dalton, D.L., Van Marle-Koster, E. & Jonker, T. 2011. The Van Aswegen, E. & Grobler, J.P. 2011. Variability in BMP4 gene Tankwa goat: A real cliff hanger. Paper delivered at the 44th sequences and microsatellite allele frequencies in springbok from Biennial South African Society for Animal Science (SASAS) Congress, two geographical areas. Poster presented at the 7th International Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. 11-14 July. Wildlife Ranching Symposium (IWRS): The Business of Conservation – Science, Livelihoods and Values, Kimberley, South Africa. 10-14 Laubscher, N., Odendaal, Z., Schneider, S. & Spies, J.J. 2011. A review of October. the influence of some neurotransmitter genes and emotional intelligence on aggression. Paper delivered at the Inaugural Genetics Symposium, Van Wyk, A., Dalton, D.L. & Kotzé, A. 2011. The bontebok and blesbok University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 9 September. hybrid dilemma. Paper delivered at the Southern African Wildlife Management Association (SAWMA) Symposium: The Human-Natural Odendaal, Z., Spies, P., Schneider, S. & Spies, J.J. 2011. Review of the Resource Interface – Reconciling Conflicting Trade-offs? ATKV Holiday psychobiology of aggression in humans, focussing on the serotonergic Resort, Hartenbos, South Africa. 18-21 September. pathway. Paper delivered at the Inaugural Genetics Symposium, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 9 September. Van Wyk, A.M., Dalton, D.L. & Kotzé, A. 2011. DNA hybridisation test: Rapid diagnostic tool to detect hybrid bontebok and blesbok. Spies, J.J., Spies, P. & Kleynhans, R. 2011. Basic chromosome Paper delivered at the Joint Conference of the Zoological Society of numbers in the genus Lachenalia (Hyacinthaceae). Paper delivered Southern Africa (ZSSA) and the Parasitological Society of Southern at the Inaugural Genetics Symposium, University of the Free State, Africa (PARSA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. Bloemfontein, South Africa. 9 September. 10-13 July. Spies, P., Grobler, J.P. & Spies, J.J. 2011. A review of phylogenetic Warren, W.C., Jasinska, A., Tran, N., Huang, Y., Dewar, K., Wasserscheid, relationships in the genus Clivia. Paper delivered at the Inaugural J., Juretic, N., Turner, T., Grobler, J.P., Weinstock, G., Wilson, R.K. & Genetics Symposium, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Freimer, N. 2011. Gaining genetic insights into quantitative traits from South Africa. 9 September. the vervet genome. Poster presented at the 24th Annual Cold Spring Spies, P., Kleynhans, R. & Spies, J.J. 2011. Cytogenetic and Harbor Meeting (CSHM) on Genome Science: The Biology of Genomes, phylogenetic studies in the genus Lachenalia. Paper delivered at the Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA. 10-14 May. th 9 Congress of the Southern African Society for Systematic Biology Wessels, L., Kotzé, A., Ehlers, K., Vrahimis, S. & Grobler, J.P. 2011. (SASSB), Grahamstown, South Africa. 19-21 January. Cross-species microsatellite markers for the detection of hybrids in the Turner, T.E. & Grobler, J.P. 2011. Update on the Ingterated Genetics species Connochaetes. Poster presented at the 7th International Wildlife and Genomics project on vervet monkeys. Paper delivered at the 9th Ranching Symposium (IWRS): The Business of Conservation – Science, Annual Meeting of the Primate Ecology and Genetics Group (PEGG) of Livelihoods and Values, Kimberley, South Africa. 10-14 October.

Contact Details Academic Staff Annual Report 2011 Prof. Johan Spies Professors: Profs Johan Spies (Departmental Chair), Paul Grobler 107 Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Affiliated Professor: Prof. Trudy Turner Department of Genetics (116) Affiliated Associate Professor: Prof. Antoinette Kotzé University of the Free State Affiliated Senior Lecturer: Dr Desiré Dalton PO Box 339 Bloemfontein Lecturers: Ms Karen Ehlers, Ms Paula Spies, Mr Frank Maleka South Africa Affiliated Lecturer: Lt.-Col. Anton Lucassen 9300 Junior Lecturers: Ms Zurika Odendaal (Programme Director), Sue- Telephone: +27 51 401 2595 Rica Schneider, Hesmari van der Westhuizen, Letecia Wessels Fax: +27 86 518 7317 Senior Professional Officer: Ms Susan Reinecke E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ufs.ac.za 108

Department of Geography Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences sub-Saharan Africa.DoctoralstudentMsJennyJosefsson entitled Ngubane presentedapaperat Stellenboschworkshop In March,DrShirleyBrooksandMaster’s studentMrMnqobi attended andpaperspresentedare provided infullbelow. foreign andlocalinstitutions.Detailsofspecificconferences basis ofthisreport.Strongtiesnow existwithanumberof in significanceover thepastcoupleofyears. Thisformsthe and theinvolvement ofpostgraduatestudents,have grown Collaborative researchwithforeignandlocalinstitutions, Bloemfontein campus remedy theseproblems. environmental issuesandpotentialproblems,aswell asto those whoaretrainedtoidentifyandassessreal-world of asustaineddemandfromgovernment andindustryfor humanities intermsofavocation. Thisisprimarilybecause choice forstudentsinboththenaturalsciencesand tempo ofstudentenrolment.Geographyremainsapopular The year 2011,like theyears priortoit,sawasustained Overview place and time, on issues around the physical-human place andtime,onissuesaroundthephysical-human environment andthepeoplewholive andwork init.” Mapping Political EcologiesofConservation in the Free State focuses, within the context of space, the FreeStatefocuses,withincontextofspace, “The DepartmentofGeographyattheUniversity of environment which impact on the quality of this environment whichimpactonthequalityofthis Department of ternary Research(INQUA)conference inBern,Switzerland, Prof. Peter Holmes attendedtheInternationalUnionforQua- South Africangamefarms. ture commodificationevidentinhigh-end trophyhuntingon sented by theresearchteamfocusedonpracticesofna- in EnvironmentalPolicy andConservation. Thepaperpre- was entitledNatureInc.?QuestioningtheMarket Panacea the InstituteforSocialStudiesinTheHagueearlyJuly, the VrijeUniversiteit, Amsterdam.Theconference,heldat Dutch colleagueProf.MarjaSpierenburgandstudentsfrom 23 In June2011,DrBrooksandherstudentscontributedtothe support fromtheUFS. Conference inMontrealandpresentedapaper,withfinancial attended theInternationalStudiesAssociation(ISA)annual Netherlands mention inBusinessDay.Thiswasfollowed by atriptothe dents presentedtheirwork. Theprojectgainedaspecial tion HistoriesofKwaZulu-Natal”, at whichmostofthestu- Society. DrBrooksorganisedapanelon“CriticalConserva- rd BiennialConferenceoftheSouthernAfricanHistorical Geography where Dr Brookspresentedajointpaperwith – Prof.Peter Holmes 12 110

Department of Geography Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences – Perceptions and Practices.Theprojectisbasedatthe funded researchprojectentitled CulturesofBiodiversity Dr Brookswasinvitedtoparticipate inaNorwegian- Science, Livelihoods andValues. of theconferencewasTheBusinessConservation: Wildlife RanchingSymposiumheldinKimberley.Thetheme Josefsson andMrTariro Kamuti, attendedtheInternational Also inOctoberDrBrooks’two doctoralstudents,MsJenny the year. Kruger presentedpapersontheirresearchconductedduring October. BabalwaMtshawu,AnneriPretoriusandPaul honours studentsattendedtheGISSA(FS)conferenceduring Dr CharlesBarker andeightseniorundergraduate part oftheNeogenepalaeoecologyprojectmentionedabove. also sampledlignites(immaturecoal)intheKnysnaareaas of thesouthernCape.ProfsHolmesandBatemanDrCarr ongoing researchintolateQuaternarypalaeoenvironments survey ofthefloorsWildernesslakes. Thisispartof Council forGeoscience,conductedanextensive bathymetric field, alongwithDrCarr,andMsHatleyCawthrafromthe Holmes andProf.MarkBatemanfromtheUniversity ofShef- (The PalaeontologicalScientificTrust).InSeptember,Prof. Neogene Palaeoecology ofSouthAfricasponsoredby PAST He iscollaboratingwithDrAndrewCarronaprojectentitled July, andthenvisitedtheUniversity ofLeicesterintheUK. Dr CharlesBarker science andPhilosophyofScience. Geomorphology, GISandIT, Environmental His researchinterestsareinFluvialandAeolian African CouncilforNaturalScientificProfessions. Dr CharlesBarker isamemberoftheSouth papers atmeetingsoftheCritical StudiesGroup.Thirteen international scholarsfromdifferent disciplinespresented School, grewandprosperedin2011. Arangeoflocaland in collaborationwithProf.NeilRoos ofthePostgraduate The interdisciplinaryinitiative launchedby DrBrooksin2010, Other news the Universities ofAntwerp andGhentinBelgium. September, Prof.VisseraccompaniedtheF1classof2011to New SouthWales visitedtheDepartmentinAugust.During June andJuly,whileDrAlecThorntonfromtheUniversity of Sheffield visitedtheDepartmentasaguestofProf.Visserin ing inTacoma, USA.DrDanHammett fromtheUniversity of litical Geography/SexualityandSpacePreconferencemeet- Chile inNovember. Hewasalsoaninvitedpanelistat the ences andcommissionmeetingsinApriltheUSA ographers andtheInternationalGeographicalUnionconfer- Prof. GustavVisserattendedtheAssociationofAmericanGe- of conservationinKwaZulu-Natal. who isalsoundertakingresearchonthehistoryandpolitics October. Shewillbeworking withcolleagueDrKnutNustad traveled toOsloforatwo-day workshop onthetopicin around theglobe,fromGreenlandtoMalaysia.DrBrooks includes colleaguesworking inarangeofdifferentsettings University ofOslointheAnthropologyDepartmentandit Po- From left to right Prof. Mark Bateman (Sheffield) Prof. Peter Holmes (UFS), Mr Davie Antas (SA National Parks) and Dr Andy Carr (Leicester) about to set out on a bathymetric survey of Swartvlei.

Annual Report 2011 111

Dr Shirley Brooks’ two doctoral students, Ms Jenny Josefsson and Mr Tariro Kamuti, get to grips with wildlife at the International Wildlife Ranching Symposium held in Kimberley. The theme of the conference was The Business of Conservation: Science, Livelihoods and Values.

Postgraduates seminars, based on pre-circulated research papers, were Two of Prof. Visser’s students, Sibonginkosi Mazibuko and held during the course of 2011. The seminar is acquiring a Gijsbert Hoogendoorn, were awarded their Ph.D.s in April. national and even international reputation and is making Ms Aretha Steenekamp, junior lecturer in the Department, an important contribution to the intellectual life of the was awarded her M. degree in April, as was Mr Francois University of the Free State. Deacon. Ms Mulalo Rabumbulu, the other junior lecturer on Prof. Visser chaired the external review panel of the Depart- the Bloemfontein campus, completed her Master’s degree at ment of Geography at the University of Pretoria. the end of the year. 112

Department of Geography Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences service basedprojectinvolving thestaffofGeography Farmers’ initiative isbotharesearch,aswell asacommunity impetus ontheQwaQwacampusin2011.TheEmerging An exciting newinitiative launchedin2010received further QwaQwa campus 50 contribution. AESAwasaspecialoccasion,celebratingthe our University received theprizeforbestconference 2011: aFoundationforthenext50years colleaguesfrom (AEASA) annualcongresswiththetheme:AEASA1961– At theAgriculturalEconomicsAssociationofSouthAfrica Awards andprizes From theleftMrPululuMahasa,anunidentified EmergingFarmerfromQwaQwa,DrGeoffreyMukwada,andHennieClaassen duringfieldwork. in SouthAfrica:acasestudyofSoweto onSea. climate changeonplanninganddealingwithflooddisasters Viljoen M.F., Booysen H.J.,DeVilliersG.D.T. 2011.Impactof The titleofthewinningcontributionwas:OgundejiA.A., th anniversary oftheAssociation. contribution tofoodsecurityinthecountry. evaluated ifemergingfarmersaretomake amoresignificant criteria forselectinglandreformbeneficiariesneedtobere- farmers have andlackofagriculturalresources,thatthe conditions suchasage,theskillsandtrainingthat in grainproductionarelinked totheprevailingdemographic indicate thatthechallengesconstrainingemergingfarmers QwaQwa areaintheeasternFreeState.Preliminaryresults emerging farmersareexperiencingingrainproductionthe food security.Thisresearchexaminesthechallengesthat an importantobjective oflandreformistheattainment are sufficientlyequippedandsupported.InSouthAfrica them isonlypossibleifthebeneficiariesofprocess objectives oflandreformmaybeattractive, achieving as acrucialfeatureofeconomicdevelopment. Whilethe that, inthedeveloping world, landreformisconsidered rest oftheteam.Theprojectisbasedonassumption Ms MerleNaidooandMrPululuMahasamakingupthe Claasen (subjecthead)andDrGeoffreyMukwada,with Department ontheQwaQwacampus.Itisledby DrHennie Research Outputs Department of Geography

Research articles Barker, C.H. 2011. Utilising published data for DTM construction and Molapo, M.E. & Mukwada, G. 2011. Impact of customer retention drainage basin delineation in the Modder River catchment Free State strategies in the South African cellular industry: The case of the South Africa. South African Geographical Journal 93: 89-103. eastern Free State. International Journal of Business, Humanities and Bateman, M.D., Carr, A.S., Dunajko, A., Holmes, P.J., Roberts, D.L., Technology 1: 52-60. McLaren, S., Bryant, R., Murray-Wallace, C. & Marker, M.E. 2011. The Rogerson, C. & Visser, G.E. 2011. African tourism geographies: evolution of coastal barrier systems: a case study of the Middle-Late Existing paths and new directions. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Pleistocene Wilderness barriers South Africa. Quaternary Science Sociale Geografie 102: 251-259. Reviews 30: 63-81. Rogerson, C. & Visser, G.E. 2011. Current themes in tourism and Brooks, S.J., Spierenburg, M., Van Brakel, L., Kolk, A. & Lukhozi, K. development in southern Africa. Tourism Review International 15: 1-3. 2011. Creating a commodified wilderness: tourism, private game Rogerson, C. & Visser, G.E. 2011. Rethinking South African urban farming, and ‘third nature’ landscapes in KwaZulu-Natal. Tijdschrift tourism research. Tourism Review International 15: 77-90. voor Economissche en Sociale Geografie 102: 260-274. Visser, G.E. & Hoogendoorn, G. 2011. Current paths in South African Annual Report 2011 Hammett, D.P. 2011. British media representations of South Africa and tourism research. Tourism Review International 15: 5-20. the 2010 FIFA World Cup. South African Geographical Journal 93: 63-74. 113 Wiggs, G.F.S. & Holmes, P.J. 2011. Dynamic controls on wind erosion Hammett, D.P. 2011. Resistance, power and geopolitics in Zimbabwe. and dust generation on west-central Free State agricultural land, Area 43: 202-210. South Africa. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 36: 827-838. Hammett, D.P. & Mather, C. 2011. Beyond decoding: political cartoons in the classroom. Journal of Geography in Higher Education 35: 103- 119. Research reports Booysen, H.J., Du Plessis, A., Jordaan, A.D. & Jordaan, A.J. 2011. Hammett, D.P. & Staeheli, L. 2011. Respect and responsibility: Flood Risk Assessment for the Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Teaching citizenship in South African high schools. International Report commissioned by the Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Journal of Educational Development 31: 269-276. Seaman, M.T., Watson, M., Avenant, M.F., Barker, C.H., Buschke, Hoogendoorn, G. & Visser, G.E. 2011. Economic development through F.T., Dennis, I., Joubert, A., Kemp, M.E., King, J., Le Roux, P.A.L., second home development: Evidence from South Africa. Tijdschrift Redelinghuys, N., Rossouw, L., Rowntree, K., Sokolic, F., Van der voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 102: 275-289. Waal, B., Van Rensburg, L.D., Van Tol, J.J. & Vos, A.T. 2011. Report on Hoogendoorn, G. & Visser, G.E. 2011. Tourism, second homes, and the Mokolo River Workshop input to Decision Support System (DSS). an emerging South African postproductivist countryside. Tourism Report commissioned by the Water Research Commission, Pretoria, Review International 15: 183-197. South Africa. Manatsa, D., Nyakudya, I.W., Mukwada, G. & Matsikwa, H. 2011. Seaman, M.T., Watson, M., Avenant, M.F., Barker, C.H., Buschke, Maize yield forecasting for Zimbabwe farming sectors using satellite F.T., Dennis, I., Joubert, A., Kemp, M.E., King, J., Le Roux, P.A.L, rainfall estimates. Natural Hazards 59: 447-463. Redelinghuys, N., Rossouw, L., Rowntree, K., Sokolic, F., Van Manatsa, D., Reason, C.J. & Mukwada, G. 2011. On the decoupling of der Waal, B., Van Rensburg, L.D., Van Tol, J.J. & Vos A.T. 2011. the IODZM from the southern Africa rainfall variability. International Second progress report on testing a prototype methodology for Journal of Climatology 32(5): 727-746. Environmental Water Requirements in non-perennial systems 114

Department of Geography Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences www.ufs.ac.za Website: [email protected] or +27514013816 E-mail: Fax: +27514012255 Telephone: 9300 South Africa Bloemfontein PO Box 339 University oftheFreeState Department ofGeography(53) Faculty ofNaturalandAgriculturalSciences Dr CharlesBarker delivered atthe23 and Hluhluwe GameReserves inBritishZululand,1887-1897.Paper Brooks, S.J.2011.Negotiatingwilderness: Pretoria, SouthAfrica.24-26October. and PractitionersConference,TshwaneUniversity ofTechnology, Education Development andSupport(HEDS‘11)HigherEducation of theFreeState,QwaQwa Campus.Paperdelivered attheHigher through thesharingofbestpractices:ThecaseUniversity Alfonsi, R.M.&Naidoo,M.2011.Improving teachingandlearning Conference contributions Cognella Academic Publishers.pp.517-526. In education inaneraofxenophobia andterrorism:ThecaseofAfrica. Boaduo, N.A.P., Milondzo,K.S.&Adjei, A.2011.Genesisofpeaceand Chapters inbook Commission, Pretoria,SouthAfrica. (phase 3).Reportcommissionedby theWater Research Contact details . Paper delivered at the Pleistocene Wildernessbarriers,SouthAfrica.Paperdelivered atthe evolution ofcoastalbarriersystems:AcasestudytheMiddle-Late M.E., Murray-Wallace, C.,Dunajko, A.&McClaren,S.2011.The Holmes, P.J., Bateman,M.,Carr,A.,Roberts,D.,Bryant,R.,Marker, Switzerland. 21-27July. Congress: QuaternarySciences–TheViewFromtheMountains,Bern, presented attheXVIIIInternationalQuaternaryResearch(INQUA) biophysical regimesinthesouthernCape,SouthAfrica.Poster Late Glacial-Holoceneenvironmentalchangefromtwo adjacent Holmes, P.J., Scott,L.,Carr,A.&Bateman,M.2011.Arecordof for SocialStudies,TheHague,theNetherlands.30June–2July. Market PanaceainEnvironmentalPolicy andConservation,Institute the sableantelope.Paperdelivered atNatureInc?–Questioningthe practices oftrophyhuntingongamefarmsinSouthAfrica-focus Andrews, N.2011.TrophyNature:Exploringthediscoursesandsocial Brooks, S.J.,Snijders,D.,Spierenburg,M.,Brandt,F., Wels, H.& 27-29 June. southern Africa,University ofKwaZulu-Natal, Durban,SouthAfrica. Historical Society: African History,editedby C.J.Korieh &R.C.Njoku.SanDiego: [email protected] The pastanditspossibilities-Perspectives of rd BiennialConferenceoftheSouthernAfrican The originsoftheUmfolozi Academic staff Junior Lecturer:MrPululuMahasa Lecturers: MrAlexAdjei, DrGeoffreyMukwadaandMsMerleNaidoo Senior Lecturer:DrHennieClaassen QwaQwa Campus Junior Lecturers:MssMulaloRabumbulu,ArethaSteenekamp Vrahimis Lecturers: MssEldalizeKruger,Tobeka Mehlomakhulu andSheila Senior Lecturers:DrsCharlesBarker andShirleyBrooks Professors: ProfsPeter HolmesandGustavVisser Main Campus: tourism research.Paperdelivered atthe2 Visser, G.E.&Hoogendoorn,G.2011.CurrentpathsinSouthAfrican conference, University ofWashington, Tacoma, USA.10-11April. Paper delivered atthePolitical Geography/Sexuality andSpacePre- relocating LGBTQ neighbourhoodsininternationalperspective . Visser, G.E.2011.Themoving gayghetto:Transformingand Washington, USA.12-16April. Meeting oftheAssociationAmericanGeographers(AAG), Seattle, geographical andplanningdiscourse.Paperdelivered attheAnnual Visser, G.E.2011.ThematterofrepresentationinSouthAfricanurban Stellenbosch, SouthAfrica.17-18March. Regional Variations andShiftingAssemblagesofPolicy andPractice, Mapping Political EcologiesofConservationinsub-SaharanAfrica– or theextensionofchieflypower? Paperdelivered attheWorkshop: farmers inthe“new”SouthAfrica:Conservation asempowerment Ngubane, M.&Brooks,S.J.2011.Landbeneficiariesasgame KwaZulu-Natal, Durban,SouthAfrica.27-29June. past anditspossibilities-Perspectives ofsouthernAfrica,University of 23 game reserves onfarmdwellers’ senseofplace. geographies versus oldlandscapeidentities:Theimpactsofprivate Lukhozi, K.,Kjelstrup,L.&Brooks,S.J.2011.Newconservation 27-29 June. of southernAfrica,University ofKwaZulu-Natal, Durban,SouthAfrica. African HistoricalSociety: Paper delivered atthe23 heritage: Strugglesover the‘Real’ZuluofEmakhosiniValley. Josefsson, J.B.&Brooks,S.J.2011.Deletinghistorytocreate Sciences –TheViewFromtheMountains,Bern,Switzerland.21-27July. XVIII InternationalQuaternaryResearch(INQUA)Congress: Chile, USA.14-18November. International GeographicalUnion(IGU),MilitarySchool,Santiago, delivered attheRegionalGeographicConference(UGI2011)of an emergingSouthAfricanpost-productivistcountryside Visser, G.E.&Hoogendoorn,G.2011.Tourism, secondhomesand South Africa.13-14September. Hospitality Colloquium,University ofJohannesburg, Africa (TESA)StudentConferenceandthe2011STHTourism and rd BiennialConferenceoftheSouthernAfricanHistoricalSociety: The pastanditspossibilities-Perspectives rd BiennialConferenceoftheSouthern nd Tourism EducatorsSouth Paperdelivered atthe . Paper

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Department of Geology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences ing industry. institution continuetobepreferred by employers inthemin- (Honours), 4M.Sc.andMRMdegrees. Graduatesfromthis of Geologydegreeswasconferred in2011:49B.Sc.,26B.Sc. the CouncilforGeoscienceinPretoria. Thefollowing number students enrollingfor2011.Workshops were conducted at gramme isbecomingincreasinglypopularwith15Magister The postgraduateMineralResourceManagementpro- students totalled24(29in2010). third year numbersforGLG324 were 81(64in2010).Honours student numberswere 98forGLG214 (89in2010) while 234 students(GLG114) in2010to1942011.Secondyear remain constant.Firstyear studentnumbersdeclinedfrom decrease forthenexttwo years afterwhichnumbers should higher. Itisexpectedthatstudentnumberswillcontinueto continue throughalltheyears toraisethestandardseven the standardofstudentsindepartment.Selectionwill practice hasalreadyprovided evidenceofanincreasein a resultofthenewly-implementedselectionprocess.This 2011. Aslightdecreaseinstudentnumberswasevidentas Teaching andresearchactivitiescontinuedunabatedduring Overview programme isbecomingincreasinglypopularwith15 “The postgraduateMineralResourceManagement Magister studentsenrollingfor2011.” Department of wriggling catfishinthe M Dr FreddieRoelofsepresenteda popular lecturetitledThe Survey andtheSocietyfor EconomicGeologists. elements inPraguethatwashosted by theCzechGeological Kennedy alsoparticipatedinaworkshop onplatinum-group German universities. Prof.TredouxandM.Sc.studentMsB. attracted afullcomplementof15participantsfromseveral 15-17 JulyattheMartinLutherUniversity inHalle,which The geochemistryoftheplatinum-groupelements,from Europe andwhileinGermany,presentedaworkshop entitled part ofthesecondsemestershewasonsabbaticalleave in Cape Town, underthetitleDiewetenskap vandag. During for Media24publishedintheSaturdayeditionofDieBurger, Prof. MarianTredouxcontributedtothemonthlycolumn a periodof22years. replacing thepreviousXRDthatgave excellent serviceover strategy oftheFacultyNaturalandAgriculturalSciences, as partoftheequipmentreplacementandpurchasing A newPanalyticalX-ray diffractometer(XRD)wasinstalled w =9.0 Tohoku earthquake andthewrathof thegiant – Prof.WillemvanderWesthuizen Geology Department ofGeology,University 13 118

Department of Geology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Black ReefattheEastRandon10February2011. of theeasternBushveld ComplexandonGoldprovenance ofthe History Museum,Berlin,GermanyontheCriticalZonetransition Prof. C.D.K.Gauertgave two publiclecturesattheNatural the proceedingsby presentingtalksonavarietyofsubjects. Lekgetlo alsopresentedtalks.Lecturingstaffcontributedto Three alumni,MessrsN.Scholtz,H.Kennedy andMsT. postgraduate studentspresentedtheirresearchresults. A studentconferencewasheldduringNovember 2011where Bloemfontein, on6May2011. the lecturewasrepeatedatBoyden Observatory, of theFreeState,on24March2011.Duetopopulardemand formerly fromExxaroMiningCompany. especially withtheappointment ofDrJohannClaassen, optimising theminingvaluechainis alsobuildingmomentum, hydrogeochemistry and more. Researchconcernedwith analysis, gasoccurrencesintheKaroo, ancientvolcanology, clay mineralogyandgeochemistry,sedimentology,basin and coaldeposits,Witwatersrandgoldkimberlites, including chromedeposits,goldanduranium,nickel, lithium research areascovered were thatofeconomicgeology, hosting massive platinumgroupelementorereserves. Other Igneous Complex,thelargestlayered complexintheworld mineralogical andgeochemicalcharacteristicsoftheBushveld Research during2011covered avarietyofdisciplines including Research van derWesthuizen Prof. Willem Mineral ResourceManagement. of ancientvolcanic successions,Mineralogyand research includes:Geologyandgeochemistry Prof. WillemvanderWesthuizen’s fieldof presentations ontheirrecentresearchfindings. Afrikaanse Studentesimposium”wherebothpresentedoral interpretation ofgeochemicaldata. lectures tothehonoursstudents on geochemistryandthe Geology, University of the Witwatersrand,presented Prof. JohanKruger,formerlyfrom theDepartmentof matters relatingtoeconomicgeology withProf.C.Gauert. the DepartmentofGeologyduringJanuary2011todiscuss Prof. WladyAltermannfromtheUniversity ofPretoriavisited the 2 Colorado Plateau,CanadianShieldandsouthernAfricaon apatite (U-Th)/Hethermochronometry:examples from the histories ofcratonicplateausandsettingsfrom presented adepartmentaltalkentitledUnroofinganduplift Prof. BeckyFlowers fromtheUniversity ofColorado Visitors tothedepartment and NequitaMcDonaldalsoattendedthe9 Congress inPrague,CzechRepublic.MssBiancaKennedy during July/AugustandcontinuedtotheGoldschmidt Kennedy visitedtheSteinmannInstituteinBonn,Germany factors inthearenaofenvironmentalgeochemistry.MsB. the occurrenceofheavymetalsrelatingtoanumber from researchconcerningtheplatinumvaluechainto research inthisprogrammecovered avarietyoftopics collaborative programme,continuedduring2011.The The Inkabaresearchinitiative, aGerman-SouthAfrican nd ofAugust. th annual“Suid- Additional to the Inkaba meeting in Cape Town was a visit of the delegates to view granite exposures at Langebaan.

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The Inkaba excursion visiting the fossil park at Langebaan.

Dr Michael Wiedenbeck, a leading expert in SIMS technology matters relating to the fracking and extraction of gas from from the Geoforschungszentrum (GFZ) in Potsdam, Germany, Karoo shales. gave a fascinating talk on SIMS technology on the 3rd of December 2011 in the Geology Department. He plans to set up a virtual SIMS laboratory in South Africa, which will be Staff members visiting abroad linked to a state-of-the-art, upgraded, Camecca 1280 HR Prof. C.D.K. Gauert conducted the following international SIMS instrument that the GFZ has recently purchased. visits: Natural History Museum, Berlin, Germany in October. Dr Neil Anderse and Mr Junior Potgieter from GEX paid a In February he used the LA-ICP-MS at the Curt Engelhorn number of visits to the Geology Department to discuss Centre for Archaeometry in Mannheim, Germany, and the sy- 120

Department of Geology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences field tripsintheregiontosample thelocalKupferschrifer co-supervision ofaM.Sc.student ofProf.G.Borg,anddid Leipzig andMagdeburg)todiscuss theirresearch,started to postgraduatestudentsnow residentinGermany(in While attheUniversity of Halle,Prof.Tredouxpaidvisits G. Garuti. the platinum-groupmineralexpertsDrF. ZaccariniandProf. their jointresearchprojectsontheBushveld complexwith conference shevisitedtheUniversity ofLeobentodiscuss Ms B.Kennedy contributedaposterpresentation.Before the Purchase andJ.Potgieter delivered oralpresentationswhile M.Sc.-students fromthedepartmentalsoattended:MssM. contributed two oralpresentationsandoneposter.Three Congress inPragueduring14-19August2011whereshe which timesheattendedtheprestigiousGoldschmidt2011 Prof. MarianTredouxspentthreemonthsinGermany,during copper-gold (IOCG)andPb-Zn-Agdeposits. trip toprospectsinthemountainsinvestigate iron-oxide- also visitedanexplorationcompanyinLima,Peru withafield an excursion toseveral mines(Li-salt,copperporphyries)and Antofagasta, Chile,presentedatalkinSeptember2011,attended for GeologyAppliedtoOreDeposits(SGA)Conferencein He visitedChileandPeru, whereheattendedtheSociety cooperation withtheminingacademywasontable. in Austriawasalsoincludedhisitinerarywherepotential cooperation withtheGeologyDepartmentatUFS.Leoben he hadameetingwithProf.GregorBorgtodiscussfuture the MartinLutherUniversity atHalleinGermanyJune2011 5 daystodeterminetraceelementsingold.Duringavisit XRF atKarlsruhe InstituteofTechnology/ANKA, Germanyfor Inkaba studentsontheirwaytoameetinginCapeTown. presentations beinggiven by UFSpostgraduatestudents Departments attendedtodiscuss resultstodate(the Tredoux aswell asstaff from thePhysicsandChemistry Platinum andAngloplatinummines. ProfsGauertand with two excursions totheopenpit/tailingdamsatImpala The AMREPWorkshop tookplaceinFebruaryRustenburg Vredefort impactstructure. Coetzee oftheUniversity ofNorthwest) ofafieldtrip tothe and Holland.Prof.Tredouxwasco-leader(withM. excursion withinternationalscientistsfromAustralia, France Engineering). Prof.Gauertledthe4-dayBushveld-Nkomati organisation SAWISE (SouthAfricanWomen inScienceand workplace, whichwasorganisedforCAG23 by the panellist foraworkshop aboutwomen inthegeoscience presentations andposters.Prof.Tredouxalsoserved asa and K.Milanzi,attendedthecongresspresentedoral (Rwanda), B.Kennedy, M.Purchase,J.Clarke, N.Chabangu Mr A.OdendaalMsM.duPlessisandstudentsJ.C.Ngaruye from 8-14January.ProfsTredoux,Gauert,MsH.Pretorius, by theGeologicalSocietyofAfrica,washeldinJohannesburg The ColloquiumonAfricanGeologyCongress23,organised workshops Local conferencesand the GermanGeologicalSurvey (Hannover). University ofPotsdam, theTechnical University ofBerlinand co-workers fromtheGeoforsungzentrum(Potsdam), the research relatedtothe“Platinumvaluechain”projectwith deposits. Shealsospenttwo daysinPotsdam todiscuss from all 3 departments, who are doing the research) and plan for further cooperation with German scientists from GFZ- Potsdam, BGR-Hannover and the University of Hannover. Delegates of three SA Platinum companies were also present. A 3-day visit to the eastern Bushveld at Two Rivers Platinum and Nkwe Platinum mines with the German scientists was co-organised by Prof. Gauert. He also led the 4-day eastern Bushveld excursion with the international group from GFZ. Part of this excursion was also a visit to Anglo Platinum’s Driekop Core Storage Facility together with UFS Honours students.

The Inkaba-8 meeting was held in Cape Town from 5 to 8 September, to coincide with the Geosynthesis 2011 meeting which was organised by SAGA (South African Geophysical Association). As has become standard at Inkaba meetings, the UFS contingent was the largest, and the Geology Department’s group was the largest within it. Profs M. Tredoux and C.D.K. Gauert contributed oral presentations and both also chaired sessions during the meeting. The following students presented either oral presentations or posters: N. McDonald (oral and poster), N. Chabangu (oral), J. Clark (oral), B. Kennedy (oral), J. Beukes (oral), T. Legoale (oral), M. Dimick-Touw (oral), M. Shai (oral) and K. Milanzi.

Student excursions The following student geological excursions took place during 2011. During the first semester a number of excursions that form the GLG232 course were undertaken in the Bloemfontein Megan Purchase, M.Sc. student, next to a spiral on a visit to area and at Austin’s Post towards the eastern Free State the Mint. to introduce students to the intricacies of field mapping techniques, aerial photographic interpretation, road cut mapping as well as core logging. Eighty-nine students participated in this course.

An economic geology excursion took place from 5 June until 15 June and, during this excursion, a total of ten mines were Annual Report 2011 visited including the Kalgold Gold mine, Thabazimbi Iron Ore, 121 Palaborwa Cu and Phosphate Mine, Black Reef Gold mine and platinum mines in the Bushveld Igneous Complex. Prof. C.D.K. Gauert and Mr A. Odendaal accompanied the students. Prof. Tredoux and Dr Roelofse accompanied a group of 57 students to the Vredefort Impact Structure to instruct them Three one day excursions (79 students) to Harmony Gold on impact related aspects as well as metamorphic/igneous Mines were undertaken during August: Tsepong, Masimong petrology and geochemistry (15-16 April). and Phakisa shafts. Prof. C.D.K. Gauert led the excursions. Structural Geology honours students under the leadership of From 1-5 October Dr H.E. Praekelt, Messrs L. Nel, A. Prof. Wayne Colliston, undertook their yearly underground Odendaal and Ms M du Plessis accompanied the second mapping school to Harmony Gold’s Tsepong Mine from 21 to year students (GLG202) on the annual field school to 25 March. Barkly East. The students had instruction in field mapping, geological observations, section drawing, sedimentary and volcanological interpretations and report writing. Seventy- Interaction with industry eight students attended the excursion. Samancor Chrome - Eastern Chrome Mine, Xstrata Alloys Second semester first year students (GLG124) were split into Kroondal, African Rainbow minerals/Nkomati Mine, Norilsk two groups and each group attended a one day field school Nickel, Dt. Rohstoff AG, Two Rivers Platinum (Impala), Great in the Jagersfontein area in the southern Free State on the Basin Mines, Rand Uranium, Gold One, Harmony Gold Mines, 14th and 15th October. Xtrata and Exxaro. 122

Department of Geology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences 4. Vorster, W. 3. Mashao, M. Coffee,P. 2. 1. Birch, C. Magister inMineralResourceManagement J-C.: Ngaruye, 5. . EarthWISEactivities2011 A. EarthWISE report2011 Community Service 4. Potgieter, J.: 3. Pecher, M-L.: 2. Netshitungulwana, R.N.: 1. Lombard, A.: graduated during2011 The following M.Sc.-students mineralized quartzveins insouth-easternRwanda. investigation ofSn-WNbTa -pegmatitesand micro-diamonds indecompressioncracks. structures inthediamondwindow asindicatedby EarthWISEpartookintheScienceUnlimited ScienceUnlimitedExpressinBloemfontein 3. EarthWISEassistedthescienceexhibitionof SciFestAfricainGrahamstown (4-10May) 2. EarthWISEattentedCAG23 andhadaposterentitled: 1. 23 the Uitkomst Complex,Mpumalanga,SouthAfrica. investigation ofmaficsillsanddykes inthevicinityof archaeological goldartefacts. South Africa:Implicationsfortracingthesourceof element compositionofgoldfromZimbabwe and seven meteoritesfromMalawi,NamibiaandLesotho. Whoa! Mycontinentismoving foreducators. The coordinatoralsohadapresentation entitled times toGrade6–9learnersfromdifferentschools. Both ofthesepresentationswere given multiple presentation entitled:TheStorybeneathourFeet. Megan Purchase(DepartmentofGeology)hada entitled: Express andthecoordinatorhadapresentation (22 –24March) the interactive exhibition. contributed by addingaforensicgeologysectionto Cross. EarthWISEandtheDepartmentofGeology the Faculty’sthemewasCrimeScene:DoNot of thefestivalwasScienceAcross Nationsand at theannualSciFestinGrahamstown. Thetheme Faculty ofNaturalandAgriculturalSciences,UFS Geotourism anditsplaceinAfrica’sfuture. Scientists (YES)symposium(8–14January) rd ColloquiumofAfricanGeologyandYoung Earth A mineralogicalandgeochemicalstudyof Whoa! Mycontinentismoving! andMs Volatiles aroundtwo dimensionaldefect Field relationshipsandpetro-chemical Petrographic andgeochemical An investigation ofthetrace forensic geologistattheSciFestfestival. EarthWISE coordinator(Marike duPlessis)playingtheroleofa Heldasamarketing event by theFacultyofNatural ScienceAdventure CampinBloemfontein(7–9July) 7. EarthWISEorganizedtheinteractive exhibitionto Kovsie OpenDay,University oftheFreeState, 6. EarthWISEattendedthe abovementioned workshop FirstScience&Technology TrainandSpaceGeodesy 5. Intheaftermathofmassive Tohoku earthquake “Tohoku Earthquake: Japan’sdayofterror”& 4. this camp. organizing ageologyrepresentative topartake in presentations were given. EarthWISEassistedby physical scienceandspaceactivities invited. Duringthiscampseveral lifesciences, from differenthighschoolsintheFreeStatewere and AgriculturalSciences,thetopgrade12achievers encourage learnerstostudygeology. Bloemfontein (2May) endeavours. and would actively wanttoparticipateinthefuture (28 March–1April) Observatory Workshop, Matjiesfontein Prior (nuclearspecialist,NECSA). speakers were DrF. Roelofse(Geology)andDrJohn Physics organizedapubliclectureonthisevent. The on 11March2011,EarthWISEandtheDepartmentof incident?” (24March) “Are we atriskwithnuclearaftertheFukushima 8. Sasol TechnoX Science Exhibition in Sasolburg B. Ongoing plans and future developments (16 – 19 August) 1. EarthWISE website EarthWISE assisted the science exhibition of the EarthWISE and Riptide cc is in progress of developing Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, UFS at an informative earth science website for learners the annual TechnoX festival. and educators.

9. Science Day, De Aar (25 October) 2. EarthWISE – “taking science to the people” The CED presented EarthWISE the opportunity EarthWISE in collaboration with the Science & to organize this year’s Science Day at De Aar Technology Train is in progress of establishing a High School. The coordinator arranged 8 science mobile science centre. presenters and a marketing manager to participate 3. Geotourism in this day and presented to around 300 learners. Exposing tourists to the geological wonders of our 10. Inkaba yeAfrica Workshop in Cape Town beautiful country.

(28 Augustus – 2 September). 4. Minquiz 2012 The coordinator attended this workshop and had a EarthWISE will organize the Free State provincial part poster presentation entitled: EarthWISE community of the Minquiz 2012 annual science competition. outreach – the future is bright! 5. Drakensberg talk, Eunice high school 11. 6th Science Centre World Congress, Cape Town EarthWISE was asked by Eunice high school, (4 – 8 September) Bloemfontein, to present a talk on the geology of EarthWISE coordinator attended the above the Drakensberg (including the Amphitheatre and mentioned congress. Mount-Aux-Sources).

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Department of Geology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences of SouthAfrica.MineralogicalMagazine75(3):2159.(Abstractonly). mechanisms intheBonAccord Ni-oxide body,Barberton,Republic Wildau, A.,Williams-Jones,A.&Tredoux,M.2011.Hydrothermal 2030. (Abstractonly). Bushveld complex,SouthAfrica.MineralogicalMagazine 75(3): Geochemistry andPGEmineralogyofchromititeseamstheeastern Tredoux, M.,Zaccarini,F., Garuti,G.,Kotke-Levin, J.&Gauert,C.2011. North AmericanCordillera.JournalofGeodynamics51:17-24. of continentallithosphereby flatsubduction:Apilotstudyfromthe Sommer, H.&Gauert,C.2011.Hydrating laterallyextensive regions African JournalofGeology114:201-206. sepiolite) inpansoftheNorthernCapeProvince, SouthAfrica. Roelofse, T. &Roelofse,F. 2011.Ontheoccurrenceofloughlinite(Na- 363. mine, Bushveld complex,SouthAfrica.ChemicalGeology281:352- Os isotopecompositionofthePlatreefatSandsloot-Mogolakwena Reisberg, L.,Tredoux,M.&Harris,C.2011.ReandOsdistribution the DominionReefs,SouthAfrica.MineraliumDeposita46:187-196. Cuney, M.2011.MineralchemicalstudyofU-bearingmineralsfrom Rantzsch, U.,Gauert,C.D.K.,Van derWesthuizen, W.A., Duhamel,I.& Magazine 75(3):1169.(Abstractonly). magmatic systems,usingsyntheticsulphidemelts. H.C. &Coetsee,E.2011.StudyingpossiblePGEnano-structuresin Kennedy, B.,Tredoux,M.,Ballhaus,C.,Steyl,G.,Helmy,H.M.,Swart, Magazine 75(3):897.(Abstractonly). and WitwatersrandGoldfingerprints,SouthAfrica. Gauert, C.,Batchelor,D.,Fuchs,S.&Kloess,G.2011.Black Research articles Bushveld Complexby repeatedintrusion ofcrystal-richmagmas. Ashwal, L.D.,Roelofse,F. &Webb, S.J.2011.Constructionofthe Conference contributions Mining oftheNorthernCapeProvince, SouthAfrica. Namaqualand, SouthAfrica.ReportpreparedfortheDepartmentof and copperontheenvironmentatTweedam tungstenmine, Mei, T. &Tredoux, M.2011.Toxicity effects oftungsten,molybdenum Research report Mineralogical Mineralogical South Reef Research Outputs South Africa.Proceedingsofthe11 Provenance oftheBlackReefConglomerate,West andEastRand, Gauert, C.,Brauns,M.,Batchelor,D.&Simon,R.2011.Gold University ofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica. 8-14January.p.4. Exhibition, duringthe8 Geosynthesis 2011,integratingtheEarthSciencesConference& Gold attheWest andEastRand,SouthAfrica.Paperpresentedat Gauert, C.2011.ChemicalfingerprintingofBlackReefConglomerate University ofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica.8-14January.p.80. elements (PGE)insyntheticsulphidemelts. Proceedingsofthe23 Kennedy, B.&Tredoux,M.2011.Thebehaviourofplatinumgroup January. p.154. Geology (CAG23), University ofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica.8-14 bodies ofthefuture?Proceedings23 bearing Mgchromititelayers oftheBushveld Complex–PGEore Gauert, C.D.K.&Mphatse,C.T. 2011.GeneticaspectsofthePGE- pp. 232-234. Geochemistry oforedeposits,Antofagasta,Chile.26-29September. of theSocietyGeologyAppliedtoMineralDeposits(SGA2011): weathering fromVredefortkomatiites and possibleinfluenceon Legoale, T., Tredoux,M.&Roelofse,F. 2011.Degreeofnickel South Africa.8-14January.p.216. Colloquium onAfricanGeology(CAG23), University ofJohannesburg, Conference &Exhibition,duringthe8 Paper presentedatGeosynthesis2011,integratingtheEarthSciences Proceedings ofthe23 Black ReefconglomerateintheEastand(far)West Randareas. Gauert, C.&Roettger,S.2011.Mineralprovenance aspectsofthe 28 August–2September. Cape Town InternationalConferenceCenter,CapeTown, SouthAfrica. Africa. Proceedingsofthe23 environmental geochemistryofmercuryinBloemfontein,South Clark, J.H.A.,Tredoux,M.&Van Huyssteen,C.W. 2011.The 8-14 January.p.69. African Geology(CAG23), University ofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica. Greenstone Belt,SouthAfrica.Proceedingsofthe23 nickel mineralizationinthenorthwestern partoftheBarberton Chabangu, N.,Tredoux,M.&Madala,F. 2011.Aninvestigation of South Africa.28August–2September. Workshop, CapeTown InternationalConferenceCenter,CapeTown, rd th ColloquiumonAfricanGeology(CAG23), AnnualInkabayeAfrica (IyA)Workshop, rd ColloquiumonAfricanGeology(CAG23), th BiennialMeetingandConference th Department ofGeology AnnualInkabayeAfrica (IyA) rd ColloquiumonAfrican rd Colloquiumon rd

adjacent soils. Paper presented at the Inkaba Workshop of the Bultfontein, south (UNESCO IGCP 557). Proceedings of the 23rd Geosynthesis 2011, integrating the Earth Sciences Conference & Colloquium on African Geology (CAG23), University of Johannesburg, Exhibition, during the 8th Annual Inkaba yeAfrica (IyA) Workshop, South Africa. 8-14 January. p. 343. Cape Town International Conference Center, Cape Town, South Africa. Roelofse, F. & Ashwal, L.D. 2011. The Lower Main Zone, northern limb, 28 August – 2 September. Bushveld Complex: product of mush emplacement? Proceedings Ngaruye, J.C. & Gauert, C. 2011. Ta (-Au) mineralizations in the of the 23rd Colloquium on African Geology (CAG23), University of mineral deposits of eastern Rwanda. Proceedings of the 23rd Johannesburg, South Africa. 8-14 January. p. 352. Colloquium on African Geology (CAG23), University of Johannesburg, Shaat, S.K.K., Roelofse, F., Swart, H.C. & Ntwaeaborwa, O.M. South Africa. 8-14 January. p. 302. 2011. Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of Tb3+-

Ngaruye, J.C. & Gauert, C.D.K. 2011. Metallogenetic aspects of Sn- doped Sr0.5Zn0.5Al2O4 phosphor prepared via combustion process. W-Nb/Ta (-Au) mineralizations in the mineral deposits of eastern Proceedings of the 56th Annual Conference of the South African Rwanda. Proceedings of the 23rd Colloquium on African Geology Institute of Physics (SAIP2011), UNISA, Pretoria, South Africa. 12-16 (CAG23), University of Johannesburg, South Africa. 8-14 January. p. July. pp. 285-290. 203. Sommer, H. & Gauert, C. 2011. Hydrating laterally extensive regions Pecher,M.-L. & Gauert, C.D.K. 2011. Petro-chemical investigation of continental lithosphere by flat subduction (UNESCO IGCP 557). of (ultra-) mafic sills in the vicinity of the Uitkomst Complex, Proceedings of the 23rd Colloquium on African Geology (CAG23), Mpumalanga, South Africa. Proceedings of the 23rd Colloquium on University of Johannesburg, South Africa. 8-14 January. p. 371. African Geology (CAG23), University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Tredoux, M., Wildau, A., Miller, D., Cloete, M., Zaccarini, F. & Garuti, G. 8-14 January. p. 331. 2011. Micro-phases in a Ni-rich rock type from an archean ophiolite, Pretorius, H.C.F., Andreoli, M.A.G., Tredoux, M. & Vermeulen, D. 2011. South Africa. Proceedings of the 23rd Colloquium on African Geology Natural radionuclides in groundwater from Vaalputs, Namaqualand, (CAG23), University of Johannesburg, South Africa. 8-14 January. p. South Africa. Proceedings of the 23rd Colloquium on African Geology 401. (CAG23), University of Johannesburg, South Africa. 8-14 January. p. 342. Van der Westhuizen, W.A., Grobler, J., Gauert, C.D.K. & Viljoen, S. 2011. Purchase, D.M., Sommer, H., Regenauer-Lieb, K., Gasharova, B. & Ultra high pressure waterjet cutting: The future of deep Gold mining? Potgieter, J. 2011. Water around two-dimentional defect structures Proceedings of the 23rd Colloquium on African Geology (CAG23), coexistent with melt inclusions in garnets from peridotites from University of Johannesburg, South Africa. 8-14 January. p. 413.

Contact details Academic staff

Prof. Willem van der Westhuizen Professor: Prof. Willem van der Westhuizen Annual Report 2011 Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Associate Professors: Profs Wayne Colliston, Christoph Gauert, Department of Geology Marian Tredoux 125 University of the Free State Senior Lecturers: Drs Hermann Praekelt (Programme director), PO Box 339 Freddie Roelofse Bloemfontein Junior Lecturers: Ms Huibrie Pretorius, Mr Adriaan Odendaal South Africa Part-Time Lecturers: Messrs Johan Loock, Leon Nel 9300 EarthWise-officer: Ms Marike du Plessis Telephone: +27 51 401 2515 Affiliated Lecturers: Prof. Gerhard Beukes, Messrs André Dunne, Fax: +27(0)51 401 3815 Johann Grobler, Derek Hall, Ian Hunt, PG Laurens, Ron Vrijens, Adrian E-mail: [email protected] Paine, Philip Viljoen Website: www.ufs.ac.za Senior Officer: Ms Rina Immelman Secretary: Ms Petro Swart Technician: Mr Andries Felix Officer: Professional Services: Mr Peet Roodt Assistant Officer: Mr Jonas Choane Technical Officer: Mr Daniël Radikgomo 126

Department of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Actuarial Programme. organised by MrFransKoning, leaderofthedepartment’s hosted by theDepartment inMarch2011.Theworkshop was and ProbabilityinEnergy,Finance andActuarial Science lectures attheannualWorkshop onApplications ofStatistics and PietervanGelder(TUDelft),bothofwhompresented visitors, amongthemProfessorsJanDhaene(CULouvain) The departmentreceived several nationalandinternational publication outputs. The departmentfinishedtheyear withanewrecordin achievements Departmental activitiesand United Kingdom. recognition agreementwiththeInstituteofActuaries inthe with theActuarial SocietyofSouthAfricaunderamutual students. TheActuarial programmeisaccredited(Level 2) Science hasabout4000undergraduateand40postgraduate The DepartmentofMathematicalStatisticsandActuarial Overview Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science “The departmentfinishedtheyear witha new recordinpublicationoutputs.” Department of , Chifurira. Prof. RobertSchallandfellow Master’sgraduateinStatistics,Retius Master’s degreestudentattheUniversity oftheFreeState,with Knowledge Chinhamu,winneroftheChancellor’smedalforbest – Prof.RobertSchall 14 128

Department of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Chikobvu, wasthewinnerof S Knowledge Chinhamu,aMaster’sstudentofDrDelson the University oftheFreeState. Chancellor’s MedalforthebestHonoursdegreestudentat at theFacultyofNaturalandAgriculturalSciences, both theDean’smedalasbestHonoursdegreestudent Dirk Bester,HonoursgraduateinActuarial Science,won his Ph.D.forexaminationandistograduateinApril2012. Mr MornéSjölander,lecturerinthedepartment,handed best paperpublishedby amemberoftheassociation. annually by theSouthAfricanStatisticalAssociationfor and Inferencein2010.TheHerbertSichelMedalisawarded model” thatappearedintheJournalofStatisticalPlanning new batchesinthecaseofbalancedrandomeffects process capabilityindexforaverages ofobservations from the prestigiousHerbertSichelmedalfortheirpaper“A Prof. AbrievanderMerwe andDrDelsonChikobvu won bursaries onoffercountrywidewere awardedtoUFSstudents. the costsoftheirstudiesthrough toHonourslevel. Both Hannover Reinsurance Groupwhichcomprehensively cover Dlamini andBonganiMsimango Two firstyear students inActuarial Science,Mbongeleni of theFreeState. Medal forthebestMaster’sdegreestudentatUniversity Natural andAgriculturalSciences),oftheChancellor’s research atMaster’slevel (Dean’sMedaloftheFaculty Prof. RobertSchall

won bursariessponsored by 2 A 3 medalfororiginal Consultation. Models, PharmacokineticsandStatistical Analysis, GeneralizedLinearModels,Mixed Bioequivalence, Biostatistics,CategoricalData Prof. RobertSchall’sareaofexpertiseliesin of Louvain,June2011,andatthe Workshop onForecasting Conference inHonourofProf.M.Goovart, by Eskom. Prof.DeWaal presentedinvitedlecturesatthe relevant totheoptimisationofhydroelectric power generation of rainfallandinflow intotheGariepDam.Theresearchis Research concentratedonthemodellingandprediction work onriskintheenergymarket, a projectfundedby Eskom. Prof. DaandeWaal andhisresearchgroupcontinuedtheir Programme andpresentaseriesoflectures. Khartoum, Sudan(April2011),toaudittheLocalActuarial Mr FransKoning wasinvitedtoAlNeelainUniversity in the editorofSouthAfricanStatisticalJournal. of lecturesonreliabilitylargesystems.Prof.Finkelstein is Russia (4-24December2011)andpresentedashortcourse research visitstotheSt.Petersburg ElektropriborInstitute, and Population MortalityatAdvanced Ages.Healsopaid where hepresentedalectureonOrderedSubpopulations Research inRostock,Germany(15July-30August,2011) researcher attheMaxPlanckInstituteforDemographic with burn-in.Furthermore,Prof.Finkelstein wasavisiting mixed populations,andthesecondonWarranty forproducts Beijing, China(20-24June,2011).OnetalkwasonBurn-inin MMR2011 (MathematicalMethodsinReliability)Conference of mathematicalreliability,gave two invitedtalksatthe Prof. MaxFinkelstein, aninternationalauthorityinthearea international collaborative researchprojects: Staff memberswere involved inseveral nationaland Catholic University Departmental staff. and Modelling in Energy and Finance organized by the NMMU, binomial and Poisson distributions. Prof. Van der Merwe Port Elizabeth, October 2011. supervised a large number of Master’s and several Ph.D. Prof. Abrie van der Merwe continued his research on students based at other South African universities. Three of Bayesian methods in quality control, random effects models Prof. Van der Merwe’s Ph.D. students were ready to hand in and linear and non-linear functions of parameters of the their dissertations for examination by the end of 2011.

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Postgraduate students in the department. 130

Department of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences level forusedproductsundergiven cost structures. Shafiee, M.,Finkelstein, M.S.&Chukova, S.2011.Onoptimalupgrade Journal ofRiskandReliability225:211-216. imperfect preventive maintenancestrategies forwarrantedproducts. Shafiee, M.,Finkelstein, M.S.&Chukova, S.2011.Burn-inand Veterinary Parasitology 178:173-179. ectoparasiticide efficacy:Non-inferiorityandsuperiorityassessment. Schall, R.&.Luus,H.G.2011.Comparative evaluationof Pharmaceutical Statistics10:265-276. QT studies:Part1.Assessmentof marginal QT prolongation. Schall, R.&Ring,A.2011.Mixed modelsfordatafromthorough Pharmaceutical Statistics10:293-301. Part 2.One-stepassessmentofconditionalQT prolongation. Schall, R.2011.Mixed modelsfordatafromthoroughQT studies: 41-64. of functionsbinomialrates.SouthAfricanStatisticalJournal45: Raubenheimer, L.&Van derMerwe, A.J.2011.Bayesian estimation asymptotics. TheoreticalPopulation Biology80:64-70. for ageneralclassofmixturesurvivalmodelswithknown Missov, T.I. &Finkelstein, M.S.2011.Admissible mixingdistributions 49: 377-379. and theAbbottRealTimeHIV-1 Assay.JournalofClinicalMicrobiology HIV-1 Version 2Test usingtheTaqMan 48Analyzer(CAP/CTM-48v2) Comparative EvaluationoftheRocheCobasAmpliPrep/CobasTaqMan Janse vanRensburg,E.,Tait, K.,Watt, A.&Schall,R. populations. MathematicalBiosciences232:20-23. Finkelstein, M.S.2011.Ontherateofaginginheterogeneous Gariep Dam.SouthAfricanStatisticalJournal45:135-147. De Waal, D.J.,Bekker, S.J.&Pretorius,J.H.2011.Modelinginflows to 48: 868-876. repairs inheterogeneouspopulations.JournalofAppliedProbability Cha, J.H.&Finkelstein, M.S.2011.Stochasticintensityforminimal Mathematics andStatistics24:1-11. accelerated burn-inprocedure. Cha, J.H.&Finkelstein, M.S.2011.Onstochasticmodelsfor 258-270. models andsomegeneralizations.JournalofAppliedProbability48: Cha, J.H.&Finkelstein, M.S.2011.Onnewclassesofextremeshock the environmentwithshocks.IEEETransactionsonReliability60:N4. Cha, J.H.&Finkelstein, M.S.2011.Burn-inforsystemsoperatingin Operational Research210:273-280. measures inheterogeneouspopulations.EuropeanJournalof Cha, J.H.&Finkelstein, M.S.2011.Burn-inandperformancequality Research articles worker, DrArneRingofBoehringerIngelheim(now Oxford analysis ofelectrocardiographicdata.Prof.Schallandhisco- and biostatistics,inparticularonthestatisticalmodelling company. Prof.Schall’sresearchisintheareaofclinicaltrials to BoehringerIngelheim,aninternationalpharmaceutical international clinicalcontractresearchorganisation,and Prof. RobertSchallisastatisticalconsultanttoQuintiles,an Engineering andSystemSafety96:286-291. International JournalofApplied Reliability 2011. Department ofMathematicalStatisticsandActuarial Science Research Outputs 53 the commonmeanofseveral normalpopulations.Proceedingsofthe Bayesian andgeneralizedvariable methods forinterval estimationof Du Plessis,E.&Van derMerwe, A.J.2011.Acomparisonbetween Conference contributions Statistical Journal. Prof. Schallserves asanAssociateEditorofthe on TQT Studies”inBiberach,Germany,March2011. to presentalectureatBoehringerIngelheim’s“Colloquium Berlin, Germany,inMarch2011.Prof.Schallalsowasinvited International SymposiumonBiopharmaceuticalStatisticsin University), were invitedtopresenttwo invitedpapersatthe V Mathematical Sciences:ArticleID249564. heteroscedasticity. Van Zyl,J.M. 219. Communications inStatistics:SimulationandComputation40:211- estimate thethresholdwhenestimatingextremevalueindex. Van Zyl,J.M.2011.ApplicationoftheKolmogorov-Smirnov testto the ScholarshipofTeaching andLearning5(1). education researchinsearchofscholarship.InternationalJournalfor Van derMerwe, L.&Wilkinson,A.2011.Mappingthefieldofstatistics Economics 33:882-888. demand inSouthAfricausingvolatility forecastingmodels. Sigauke, C.&Chikobvu, D.2011.Predictionofdailypeakelectricity 31 October–4November. pp.1-9. (SASA), CSIRInternationalConvention Centre,Pretoria,SouthAfrica. South AfricanStatisticalJournal45:273-292. threshold iftheunderlyingdistributionisGeneralizedBurr-Gamma. erster, A.&DeW rd AnnualConferenceoftheSouthAfrican StatisticalAssociation 2011.TheLaplacelikelihood ratiotestfor aal, D.J. International JournalofMathematicsand 2011.Amethodforchoosinganoptimum South African Energy Du Plessis, E. & Van der Merwe, A.J. 2011. Bayesian estimation of Koning, F.F. 2011. Investigation of hedging strategies between the ratio and product of two Poisson rates. Proceedings of the 53rd assurances and annuities for the purpose of mitigating longevity risk. Annual Conference of the South African Statistical Association (SASA), Paper delivered at the 40th ASTIN & AFIR Colloquia, Madrid, Spain. 19- CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa. 31 22 June. October – 4 November. pp. 88-99. Raubenheimer, L. & Van der Merwe, A.J. 2011. Bayesian estimation Koning, F.F. 2011. Analyzing non-linear time series with varying of the product of binomial proportions. Paper delivered at the volatility and extreme clusters. Paper delivered at the Memorable Hierarchical Models and Markov Chain Monte Carlo Conference (in Actuarial Research Conference (MARC), Louvain, Belgium. 13 June. Honour of Adrian F.M. Smith), Crete, Greece. 2-5 June. Koning, F.F. 2011. Analyzing non-linear time series with varying volatility Sigauke, C. & Chikobvu, D. 2011. Modeling daily peak electricity load th and extreme clusters. Paper delivered at the 15 Insurance Mathematics forecasting in South Africa using a multivariate non-parametric and Economics (IME) Conference, Trieste, Italy. 14-17 June. regression approach. Paper delivered at the 19th Triennial Conference Koning, F.F. 2011. Hedging annuities and assurances the natural way for the International Federation of Operational Research Societies – A new approach. Paper delivered at the 15th Insurance Mathematics (IFORS), Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre, Melbourne, and Economics (IME) Conference, Trieste, Italy. 14-17 June. Australia. 10-15 July.

Annual Report 2011 Contact details Academic staff 131

Prof. Robert Schall Professors: Profs Daan de Waal, Max Finkelstein, Robert Schall, Abrie Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences van der Merwe Department of Mathematical Statistics and Senior Lecturers: Ms Linda van der Merwe, Mr Frans Koning, Dr Martin Actuarial Science van Zyl University of the Free State Lecturers: Drs Andréhette Verster, Delson Chikobvu; Mss Elizabeth PO Box 339 Girmay, Zani Ludick, Wallina Oosthuizen; Messrs Dries Naudé, Morné Bloemfontein Sjölander, Sean van der Merwe, Michael von Maltitz South Africa Part-time Lecturers and Research Assistants: Dr Ariane Neethling; Mss 9300 Elzanne du Plessis, Trudie Schutte; Messrs Stefan Britz, Rohan Fraser, Telephone: +27 51 401 2945 Rodrique Gnitchogna, Charl Marais Fax: +27 51 444 2024 Secretary: Ms Elize Mathee E-mail: [email protected] Assistant Officer: Ms Ella Hayes Website: www.ufs.ac.za Messenger: Mr William Baranye 132

Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences of whichisalreadyacceptedfor publication) were written from thestudent’sdissertation.Two researchpapers(one Ph.D. studenttocontinuefurther researchthatresults in Port Elizabeth. Healsoreceived avisitfromformer in Hungary,aswell asacolleague andPh.D.studentatNMMU Prof. J.H.Meyer continuedhisresearchby visitingacolleague Activities andachievements the MathematicsOlympiads. involved withthetrainingoflearnersthatareinterested in on schoollevel. Someofthestaffmembersareclosely The departmentisalsoconcernedwithwhathappening directions, suchasBiology. modules tomanystudentsthatstudyinotherscientific B.Com. andsometimeseven B.A.We alsoofferservice studies inourdepartmenttypicallyobtainthedegreesB.Sc., applicable sideofMathematics.Studentsthatfinishtheir more abstractsideofMathematics,andothersonthe offers avarietyofmodules–somewithemphasisonthe The DepartmentofMathematicsandApplied Overview happening onschoollevel. Someofthestaffmembers Mathematics andApplied are closelyinvolved withthetrainingoflearnersthat “The departmentisalsoconcernedwithwhat are interestedinMathematicsOlympiads.” Department of Mathematics the FreieUniversität Berlin. moderator oftwo Master’s dissertationsduringhisvisitto on productsandelementarysubmodels. Hewasalsoa laws andcombinatorialsums, continuousfunctions respect tonumbersandtransformations, Kirchhoff’s Prof. J.Schrödertookpartinaresearchprojectwith Mathematical SocietyMathReviewdatabase. Furthermore, hereviewed fourpapersfortheAmerican presented attheCentralUniversity ofTechnology. He alsoactedasexternalexaminerforcertainmodules Master’s studentattheUniversity oftheWitwatersrand. Prof. T.M. Acho wasappointedasexternalexaminer fora coloured subgraphs,wassubmittedforpublication. graph theoryandapaperGraphcolouringswithforbiddenk- Dr S.DorflingcollaboratedwithM.J.intheareaof Zentralblatt Math(publishedby Springer). and internationally.Healsoreviewed several papersfor of paperswithrespecttoMathematicsOlympiads,nationally involved (asinthepast20years) withthetrainingandset thanks tothesevisits.Furthermore,Prof.Meyer wasclosely – Prof.JohanMeyer 15 134

Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Convention Centre,Vancouver, British-Columbia, Canada.18-22July. Congress onIndustrialandAppliedMathematics (ICIAM),Vancouver Resonance ContributingOperators.Paperpresentedatthe7 Acho, T.M. 2011. Eigenfunctions andEigenvalues forHighEnergy Conference contributions Prof. JohanMeyer nearrings andgroupnearrings). of ringmodules)andNearringtheory(matrix theory (matricesandhomogeneousfunctions Prof. JohanMeyer’s researchincludesRing th International International Research Outputs Department ofMathematicsandApplied NMMU, Port Elizabeth,SouthAfrica.29November –3December. the AmericanandSouthAfricanMathematical Societies(SAMS-AMS), subgraphs. PaperpresentedattheJointInternational Congressof Dorfling, S.2011.Graphcolouringswithforbiddenk-coloured Children taking part in the Interprovincial Mathematics Olympiad in 2011. Notice the fact that they do not use pocket calculators.

Meyer, J.H. 2011. On polynomials and divisibility. Paper presented Schröder, J. 2011. The two-parameter class of invertible Schröder at the Joint International Congress of the American and South African transformations. Paper presented at Colloquium on Combinatorics/ Mathematical Societies (SAMS-AMS), NMMU, Port Elizabeth, South Kolloquium über Kombinatorik (KolKom’11), Magdeburg, Germany. 11- Africa. 29 November – 3 December. 12 November. Meyer, J.H. 2011. Recent developments in matrix nearrings. Invited Schröder, J. 2011. The two-parameter class of invertible Schröder plenary talk presented at the 22nd International Conference on transformations. Paper presented at the Joint International Congress of Nearrings, Nearfields, and Related Topics, Southeastern Louisiana the American and South African Mathematical Societies (SAMS-AMS), University, Hammond, Louisiana, USA. 25-29 July. NMMU, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. 29 November – 3 December.

Contact details Academic staff Annual Report 2011 Prof Johan Meyer Main campus 135 Department of Mathematics & Applied Professors: Profs Johan Meyer (chairperson), Alain Cloot, Schalk Mathematics Schoombie. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Associate professor: Prof. Thomas Acho Sciences Senior lecturers: Dr Hubertus Bargenda, Ms Julia van Niekerk University of the Free State PO Box 339 Lecturers: Dr Samantha Dorfling, Ms Ansa Kleynhans, Mr Christiaan Bloemfontein 9300 Venter South Africa Temporary lecturers: Prof. Dana Murray, Mss Larisse Bolton, Elizabeth Viljoen, Magrietha Theron, Anita Swart, Annelie Litthauer, Marina Tel: +27 (0)51 401-2428 Botha, Mr Jon Smit. Fax: +27 (0)51 401-3805 e-mail: [email protected] QwaQwa Campus webadres: www.ufs.ac.za Associate professor: Prof. Jo Schröder (subject head) Lecturer: Mr Patrick Mbambo Junior lecturer: Ms Christa Faber Temporary lecturer: Mr Nallapan Sebastian 136

Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences inadequate researchlaboratoryspace inthedepartment. research laboratoriestorelieve thecurrentconstraintof convert theoldundergraduate laboratoriestograduate students ofthepastfewyears. Fundsarebeingsoughtto numbers ofundergraduatebiochemistry andmicrobiology laboratories were muchneededtoaccommodatethelarge granted by theDepartmentofHigherEducation.Thesenew project amountedtoR15,9million,ofwhichR11,6millionwas Construction startedinJuly2010.Thecostofthebuilding a washroomaswell asrestroomfacilitiesforstudents. tory, acoldroom,two incubationrooms,anautoclave room, hosted. Alsopartofthecomplexareapreparatorylabora- to threedifferentpracticalsessionscanbesimultaneously laboratory canbedividedintotwo smallerunitssothatup 160 seatsforfirstandsecond-year students.Thelatter accommodate 120studentsandalargerlaboratorywith building, comprisesathird-year laboratorythatcan The newbuilding,adjacenttotheexistingBiotechnology on 31Octoberby theVice-Chancellor,Prof.JonathanJansen. inauguration ofthenewundergraduatelaboratorycomplex One ofthemajorhighlights2011wasundoubtedly Overview and FoodBiotechnology undergraduate laboratorycomplexon31October Microbial, Biochemical by theVice-Chancellor, Prof.JonathanJansen” undoubtedly theinaugurationofnew “One ofthemajorhighlights2011was Department of obtained hisM.Sc.inScienceEducationatUnisawithdistinction. improved hisacademicqualifications:Dr.Andrévan Tonder Ph.D, 10M.Sc.and15B.Sc.Hons.degrees.Astaffmemberalso The numberofpostgraduatedegreesconferredin2011was4 and theUSAwaspublishedin June2011editionofthe Extreme Biochemistrygroupand counterpartsinBelgium leadership ofProf.EstavanHeerden oftheDepartment’s international attention.Thework by ateamunderthe Several researcharticles fromthedepartmentcaught Activities andachievements conjunction withyeast bio-assaystosearchfornewdrugs. Scanning AugerMicroscopy (NanoSAM)thatcanbeusedin yeast ultrastructureaswell asmedicalresearch,i.e. Nano of anewimagingnanotechnologyforhisresearchon USA (seebelow). Thisstemmedfromthenovel application to presentkeynote addressesinChina,Greeceandthe Kock hadanexceptional year, receivingseveral invitations and publishedarticles,asindicatedbelow. Prof.Lodewyk Members ofthedepartmentexcelled intermsofresearch – Prof.JamesduPreez

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Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences prestigious academicjournalNature(Nature Biochemical andFoodBiotechnology) andProf.BarryAxcell respectively), Prof.Lodewyk Kock (DepartmentofMicrobial, Ltd. BrewingCentreofExcellence inAlrode,Johannesburg, Brooks (BrewingConsultantand Chief Brewer oftheSAB brewing Saccharomyces cerevisiae–themaincharacterinbeer were fromtheDepartment:Thearticletitledyeast from theirwebsite. Ofthesethreepublishedpapers,two read articles”of2011,basedonthenumberdownloads this fieldofresearch,recentlyannouncedtheirthree“most FEMS Yeast Research,whichisthetopinternationaljournalin Armand Bester,MarianaErasmusandChristellevanRooyen. Platform), Prof.DerekLitthauerandpostgraduatestudents Moyano (aformerpostdoctoralfellow oftheMetagenomics authors were Prof.T. C.Onstott(USA),DrAntonio García- such extremeconditions.Otherkey roleplayers andco- life onotherplanets,previouslyconsideredimpossibleunder 12 000years old.Thisresearchrelatestothepossibilityof was discovered inarockfacethatwasbetween 3000and far beneaththesurfaceofearth.Theworm (nematode) Welkom andisthefirstmulti-cellularorganismfoundso the surfaceofearthinBeatrixGoldMinecloseto conditions indeephotmines.Itwasdiscovered 1,3kmunder light onlife-intheformofasmallworm -underextreme the terrestrialdeepsubsurfaceofSouthAfricashedsmore of nematoderesearch.ThearticletitledNematodafrom Ghent University inBelgium,aworld leaderinthediscipline At theheadofresearchwasProf.GaetanBorgonie Prof. JamesduPreez was authoredby Prof.Bettie LodoloandMrMartin parameters. of theseeffectsintermsgrowth kinetic microbial physiologyandthequantification conditions ongrowth, productformationand culture. Hisfocusisontheeffectsofcultivation for theproductionofmetabolitesinsubmerged biotechnological applicationofmicrobialcells continuous cultures,yeast physiologyandthe Prof. JamesduPreezhasaspecialinterestin 474: 79-82). was publishedduring2011. leaders onthetaxonomy ofChryseobacterium.Thischapter of SystematicBacteriologytogetherwithtwo international to co-authorachapterintheauthoritative Bergey’sManual Prof. CeliaHugowasinvitedby theBergey’sManualTrust year functionoftheFacultyNaturalandAgriculturalSciences. was awardedtheDean’sMedalforResearchatendof World CongressonBiotechnology,heldinPhiladelphia,USA.He Honourable GuestandHostoftheOpeningCeremony2 TV programpresentedby CarteBlanche.Prof.Kock waselected the communityandformedpartofaninvestigative journalism com/21056636). Hisresearchwasalsoappliedtothebenefitof of theJournalTranslationalBiomedicine(http://vimeo. invitation invideoe-conferenceformatonthelecturewebsite Expert Opinion,respectively. Hepresentedthiswork on Yeasts: ATaxonomic Study,5 research inahighlyaccreditedbookseriesonyeasts ( Prof. Kock wasinvitedtopublishachapterandreviewonhis nanobiotechnology, alsoreceived inter national recognition. in micronspace,aswell asrelatedresearchonyeast lipidsand the leadershipofProf.LodewykKock onyeast sporemovement The researchoftheLipidBiotechnologygroupunder Prof. Koos AlbertynandProf.JamesduPreez. Technology andaformerPh.D.studentoftheDepartment), Dr. OlgadeSmidt(researcherattheCentralUniversity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae:acomprehensive review,were of thesecondpapertitledThealcoholdehydrogenases of is anAffiliatedProfessorintheDepartment.Theauthors (Global ChiefBrewer, SABMiller,Sandton).Prof.Lodoloalso th Ed.) and a medical journal, Ed.)andamedicaljournal, The The nd

Profs Jonathan Jansen (vice-chancellor), James du Preez (head of department), Corli Witthuhn (vice- dean) and Neil Heideman (dean) at the inauguration of the new undergraduate laboratories.

A second living organism has been named after Bloemfontein. In an article in the highly acclaimed scientific journal, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (vol. 61, pp 2320-2327), Dr Carlien Pohl-Albertyn, Prof. Martie Smit and Prof. Koos Albertyn describe four new yeast species, one of which is named after Bloemfontein. This species, isolated from pine needles from Bloemfontein, was named Rhodotorula bloemfonteinensis. ‘Rhodo’ refers to the reddish colour of this type of yeast. This yeast is only the second living organism to be named after Bloemfontein. (The other is a mite, Pilogalumna bloemfonteinensis, which was described in 1972.) These isolates were added to the UNESCO MIRCEN yeast culture collection of the Department, Annual Report 2011 which is the largest yeast culture collection in the southern hemisphere. Dr Pohl-Albertyn received the Faculty award 139 for research at the end of the year function of the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences.

An international workshop entitled ‘New horizons for international investigations into carbon cycling in the deep crustal biosphere’ was hosted by the Extreme Biochemistry group on campus from 18 - 23 January. The purpose of the workshop was to discuss microbiological, biochemical and geochemical research related to the deep subsurface biosphere. This workshop was sponsored by the Deep Carbon Observatory (http://dco.gl.ciw.edu/) and brought together scientists from Canada, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, Japan, China, the United States and South Africa to explore new approaches for retrieving geochemical, isotopic, metagenomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic and proteomic information from the deep subsurface biosphere where cell concentrations and metabolic rates are very low. The delegates also explored one of the deep terrestrial biomes in a coordinated sampling effort at Beatrix The new undergraduate laboratories: before start of construction Gold Mine close to Welkom. (top) and at completion (bottom). 140

Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences The DepartmentofAgriculture,Forestry andFisheries(DAFF). Free State(UFS),theAgriculturalResearch Council(ARC)and collaborative researchproject between theUniversity ofthe research onthisimportantissuewill continuein2012witha increased oxidation levels were alsoidentified.Further hypertension andkidneysufferers.Nutrientdilution concern, duetotheproblemsitcancauseforunsuspecting The Highsodiumlevel inthechickens isanothercausefor a thawingandcookinglossofmorethan48%occurred. It wasestablishedthatinsomebrandsoffrozenchickens two-page articleinLandbouweekblad of28October2011. and CitiPressnewspapers This researchfeaturedinthemainarticleofRapport Prof. Hugoanalysedthefrozenchickens offourbrands. time now. OnrequestoftheSundaynewspaper in SouthAfricahave beenreceivingmediaattentionforsome against thismalpractice.Irregularitiesinthechicken industry chickens mayleadtonewregulationsprotecttheconsumer of FoodScienceontheinjectionlevels ofbrineinfrozen The researchofProf.ArnoHugotheDepartment’s available tothemicrobiologycommunityinSouthernAfrica. international membershipandpromotingASMservices microbiologists insouthernAfricaandwithASM,increasing include establishingacommunicationnetwork between ambassador forsouthernAfrica.Theresponsibilities also appointedastheAmericanSocietyforMicrobiology’s the country’slifeandprogress.Prof.JamesduPreezwas the qualityandscopeofroleacademycanplayin thinking intheserviceofsociety,ultimatelydetermining objective oftheacademyistopromoteandapplyscientific Pretoria by MinisterNalediPandoron13October2011.Thekey of ScienceSouthAfrica(ASSAf)andwere inauguratedin James duPreez,were electedasmembersoftheAcademy Seven academicstaffmembersoftheUFS,includingProf. of 6February2011,aswell asa Delegates oftheCarbonCycling workshop attheBeatrixGoldMine. Rapport, Division indicated below. of sometheseresearchgroups notreportedabove are these divisionstherearevariousresearch groups.Activities Microbiology &Biochemistryand FoodScience.Within The departmentcomprises two divisions,namely Research partially sponsoredthetour. and enjoyed theexcursion (andthe beer)agreatdeal.SAB students foundthisexposuretoindustryhighlystimulating the SABWorld ofBeermuseumincentralJohannesburg.The brewery (thelargestbrewery inAfrica),followed by avisitto process. ThenextmorningthegrouptouredSABAlrode professor atUFS,presentedalectureonthebrewing Lodolo, SABBrewingConsultantandalsoanaffiliate at the SABTrainingInstituteinKyalami, whereProf.Bettie Preez andMsLaurindaSteyn. Breweries (SAB)inGauteng,accompaniedby Prof.Jamesdu Biotechnology of the On 6and7October65third-year microbiologystudents and Prof.JamesduPreezascouncilmember. president ofthesociety,DrCarlienPohl-Albertyn astreasurer academic merit.Prof.Koos Albertynwaselectedasvice students whoreceived aR1500travel bursary,awardedon and Ph.D.student,respectively. MrRuanEllswasoneoffive Chantel Swartreceived awardsforthebestundergraduate presentations. AttheconferenceMsCarmienTolmie andDr who attendedmadeatotalofsixoraland22poster Department ofMicrobial,Biochemical&FoodBiotechnology academic staffmembersplus28postgraduatestudentsofthe took placeinCapeTown from 6–9November. Thenine The congressoftheSouthAfricanSocietyforMicrobiology Departement ofMicrobial,Biochemical&Food undertook theannualexcursion toSA The groupwasaccommodated Students and staff at the SASM congress in Cape Town, enjoying the view.

The research of Prof. Garry Osthoff of the Food Science Division on dairy biotechnology involves the improvement of the raw material as well as improvement of processing. For the improvement of the raw material the milk of non-dairy animals provided new ideas. Process improvement involves the inclusion of yeasts as adjuncts to provide enzymes with specificity and kinetics that aid the ripening time and taste development of cheese. Both research approaches have At the SASM conference Dr Chantel Swart (left) and Ms Carmien Tolmie (right) received awards for the best Ph.D. and undergraduate led to invited contributions as chapters in books, namely student, respectively. Mr Ruan Ells (centre; Ph.D student) was one Processed Cheeses and Analogues and the Encyclopedia of of five students who received a R1 500 travel bursary, awarded on Dairy Science, 2nd Edition. academic merit. Annual Report 2011 Dr Maryna de Wit and her students were able to demonstrate 141 the influence of cultivar, season and locality on the lipid con- tent, fatty acid composition and lipid quality of cactus pear seeds. The research was expanded to the investigation of the antioxidant quality and potential of the fruit (pulp and peel), seeds and cladodes from these plants. A major compound in chryseobacteria in milk. It was discovered that the growth cactus pear fruit and cladodes is mucilage, which is respon- of some Chryseobacterium species in milk resulted in higher sible for the slimy appearance. Technologically, water bind- spoilage scores than the well-known food spoiler, namely ing polysaccharides find application as fat replacers for the Pseudomonas. Another study on the taxonomy of the textural function that they can exert. The mucilage is cur- chryseobacteria resulted in a new species being described, rently investigated for its role as fat replacer, water binder, namely Chryseobacterium carnipullorum. emulsifier and gelling agent in food products such as mayon- The Extreme Biochemistry Group, where the TIA/UFS naise, polony and Turkish Delight. A patent was registered Metagenomics Platform is hosted, had a year of intense on the microwave extraction method of mucilage from the international interaction. The research and collaboration is cladodes of Opuntia ficus indica. well documented in the new book by Marc Kaufmann – The The research of Prof. Celia Hugo is focused on the microbial first contact. The book describes the sampling efforts in the quality of food, especially on the chryseobacteria and Deep subsurface and its impact not only on South African their significance in food. In 2011 a study was completed research but also our views on Astrobiology and the limits on the growth and spoilage characteristics of the of life. The Deep Mine research is now extended within 142

Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences including anovel speciescloselyrelatedto and several newsubsurfacespecieshave beenisolated, The USA-ledDCOgroupsampledallthroughJuneandJuly of organicmolecules. influenced by highhydrogen fluxes andabiogenicproduction addresses microbialcarbontransformationsinenvironments their identities,oractivities.Theresearchspecifically biosphere -yet surprisinglylittleisknown oftheirextent, of carbonandenergybetween thedeepEarthand environments maybeimportantconduitsfortheexchange communities containedwithinrock-hostedsubsurface of therock-hostedsubsurfacebiosphere.Microbial investigation continueswithrespecttothemicrobiology (DCO) (sponsoredby theAlfredP. SloanFoundation)and the DeepLifeDirectorateofCarbonObservatory that willdealwithpetroleumdegradation areplannedfor2012. a uraniumbioremediationpilotreactor andmoremobileunits physical membraneplants.Thisresearch wasalsoextendedto and thebioremediationistentimes morecosteffective than constructed. Thereactorcapacity is60000litresperday where thefirstpilotbioreactorforchromeremediationwas Consultants, USAledtheconstructionphaseinMpumalanga industry. DrMaryDeFlaunandateamfromGeosyntec extended toappliedenvironmentalbenefitsthemining The knowledge gainedfromthedeepsubsurfacework isalso from thevariousdeepfractureprojectscontinuethisyear. sorting andwholegenomeamplificationsofsamplescollected Prof. BorgoniefromBelgium.Thefluorescentlyactivatedcell new nematodeswasalsoextendedwithanothervisitby syntrophicus, andarebeingcharacterized.Thesearchfor Third-year microbiologystudentsattheSABAlrodebrewery. Tepidanaerobacter and DrDesmondNcango)four students(sponsored ac.za/myoilguide). Two postdoctorates(DrChantel Swart productive in2011(see Overview above andwww.ufs. Prof. LodewykKock andDrCarlienPohl-Albertyn wasvery community serviceunit,SAFOI) under theleadershipof The other irritatingsubstances. no eye orskinirritationanddonotproduceanychloramine which isfurtherenhancedbecausetheyareodourless,cause very effective againstavarietyofyeast species,theuseof sanitizers withgreatsuccess.Thedisinfectantsproved tobe were testedandappliedasfoggingagentsnormalCIP which includedsilver, peroxide, biguanideandchlorhexidine in severe economiclosses.Novel compositedisinfectants yeasts remainamajorprobleminthefoodindustry,resulting conducted oninhibitorysubstancesagainstyeasts. Foodborne microorganisms associatedwiththeroots.Researchwasalso activity mayoriginatefromaspecificplantrootor cereal fermentations.Preliminaryresultsshowed thatthe excessive amylaseactivitywasalsoobserved withinsome different bacteriaandyeasts intherawproduct.Recently, interactive activityasaresultofthesequencegrowth of bacteriocin productionand/orprobioticactivityaswell as from varioussouthernAfricancountriesthatexhibited A valuablereservoir ofuniquespecieswere collected exhibiting antagonisticormutualisticcharacteristics. special lacticacidbacteriaandyeast speciescapableof foods andbeverages. Thesepredominantlyfocussedon Viljoen, researchcontinuedtofocusonindigenousfermented In theFoodBiotechnology Lipid Biotechnologyresearchgroup(includingits research groupledby Prof.Bennie by SAFOI) successfully presented their work at the FEMS- 2011 Congress held in Geneva, Switzerland. In line with their mission, this group concentrated on the development of novel medicines such as antifungal and anticancer drugs. Here, yeasts linked to nanotechnology, specifically Nano Scanning Auger Microscopy (NanoSAM), are used to uncover novel medicines. Nanobiotechnology methods utilising Scanning Electron Microscopy in conjunction with NanoSAM and targeted ion etching have been developed in collaboration with Profs Hendrik Swart and Pieter van Wyk of the UFS Department of Physics and the UFS Centre for Microscopy, respectively. The applicability of NanoSAM to nanomedicine has been identified as a research priority and will be researched in collaboration with laboratories from the Mayo Clinic Medical School and Boys Town National Research Hospital, all based in the USA. A second research focus is the metabolism of lipids by pathogenic fungi. Some of these Prof. Lodewyk Kock and Dr Chantel Swart presented a keynote fungi are able to produce lipid hormones, a virulence factor and oral presentation, respectively, at the 2nd World Congress on important in host pathogen interaction. This interaction Biotechnology held in Philadelphia, USA. was studied further and it was found that the fatty acid composition of the human host cells play a critical role in the production of prostaglandins by both the pathogen and the host during infection. In addition, certain long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids elicit their antifungal activity by increasing oxidative stress, decreasing mitochondrial activity and inducing apoptosis of the yeast cells. Both in K. marxianus were therefore investigated to determine these findings indicate the importance of fatty acids during the range of dissolved oxygen levels where ethanolic infection by pathogenic yeasts. fermentation could take place. In collaboration with Prof. The Fermentation Biotechnology research group is led by Albertyn, the transformation of K. marxianus with foreign Profs James du Preez and Stephanus Kilian, with group xylose isomerase and xylulokinase genes to improve co- members Ms Laurinda Steyn and Mr Du Toit Schabort. The factor imbalance during the fermentation of the pentose project on the physiological role of alcohol dehydrogenases sugar D-xylose is also being undertaken. A start was made 13 (Adh) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in collaboration with with C-metabolic flux analysis to investigate the central Prof. Koos Albertyn, focused on the role of the Adh5 isozyme metabolic flux patterns in K. marxianus. These data would in respect of ethanol metabolism. The growth characteristics aid metabolic engineering strategies for improvement of a quadruple adh deletion mutant with the ADH5 gene as of ethanolic fermentation by K. marxianus. The protein the only intact alcohol dehydrogenase gene was investigated enrichment of the O. ficus-indica cladodes for use as animal feed was also investigated, using cultivation of K. marxianus in aerobic carbon-limited continuous culture. This Annual Report 2011 on the cladode hydrolysate as an alternative to the widely cultivation strategy was used to minimise the accumulation used Candida utilis. Prof. Du Preez presented some of the 143 of acetaldehyde during cultivation, which would otherwise above work at the 29th International Specialised Symposium result in the early inhibition of growth. on Yeasts that was held in Guadalajara, Mexico, where he also Further investigation of ethanol production from a novel represented South Africa at the meeting of the International lignocellulosic biomass source, namely the cladodes of the Commission on Yeasts. prickly-pear cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica), demonstrated Prof. Kilian’s research on prebiotic oligosaccharides produced the feasibility of producing ethanol from this feedstock, albeit by yeasts continued. Prebiotics beneficially modify the still at low concentrations, and that the thermotolerant yeast intestinal microbial population when ingested, resulting in an Kluyveromyces marxianus had potential as an alternative improvement of the individual’s health. Progress was made to S. cerevisiae for bioethanol production. The advantage of on the isolation of novel oligosaccharides that will facilitate using this feedstock is that O. ficus-indica is well adapted for their identification and testing of their prebiotic potential. cultivation in semi-arid regions. Ethanol yields obtained with K. marxianus were similar to those of S. cerevisiae, but K. The aim of the Biocatalysis research group of Prof. Martie marxianus could give a volumetric ethanol productivity of Smit is to develop excellent whole-cell biocatalysts for up to double that obtained with S. cerevisiae. One drawback hydroxylation reactions. The group focuses on the terminal of using this yeast for ethanol production is that it cannot hydroxylation of alkanes, alkylbenzenes, fatty acids and ferment sugars to ethanol under aerobic conditions and is fatty acid derivatives by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases Crabtree negative. The critical dissolved oxygen levels for the as well as benzylic hydroxylation of alkyl phenols by vanillyl- onset of fermentation of glucose and xylose, respectively, alcohol oxidases (VAOs). In collaboration with Prof. Albertyn 144

Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences anaconda snakes, piranhaandcaymancrocodiles. river formspartoftheCuyabenoWildReserve andisinfestedwith in searchofspecialyeasts foruseindrugdiscovery. TheCuyabeno Prof. LodewykKock usingInca-guidedriver transport inAmazonia expression ofcytochromeP450monooxygenases atthe Smit alsogave aninvitedoralpresentationonheterologous from X-ray crystallographydatabases.DuringthistripProf. database basedonthreedimensionalstructuresobtained Life Sciencestowork withDrHenk-JanJoostenonaP450 of Prof.GertVriendattheNijmegenCentreforMolecular During JuneProf.Smitspenttwo weeks inthelaboratory VAOs areexpressedinEscherichiacolianddifferentyeasts. and DrDirkOpperman,genesencodingdifferentP450s fermentation) atatequilafactoryinMexico. Prof. JamesduPreezamongAgave piñas(thesugarfeedstockfor Litthauer, attendedBiotrans2011,the10 Albertyn andtwo students,MrChrisTheronandMsSuzanne Dr Opperman.InOctoberProf.Smit,Opperman, X-ray diffractiondataforenzymecrystalspreparedby at theDiamondSynchrotronnearOxfordinUKtocollect returning toSAProf.SmitalsospentadaywithDrOpperman Gudiminchi presentedaposteratthesamemeeting.Before in ManchesterUKandpostdoctorateDrRama-Krishna 17th InternationalConferenceonCytochromeP450held work on1Marchassecretary intheFoodSciencedivision. in biochemistryasfromJanuary2012. MsIlzeAuldstarted Frans andTrudiO’Neillwere appointedasseniorlecturers National ControlLaboratory,also on theUFScampus.Drs in biochemistrytotake upthepostofdirector Prof. DerekLitthauerresignedattheendofAprilasprofessor Staff matters bacterium Avibacterium paragallinarum . control, mainlyfocusingoninfectiouscoryza,causedby the he willbeassistingthemwithvariousaspectsofdisease Prof. BraggalsovisitedalargepoultrycompanyinIndiaand cytoplasma, resultinginthecollapseofbacterialcell. that thedisinfectantcausesleakageofbacterial using theexciting NanoSAMtechnology.Itwasestablished the modeofactiondisinfectantsonbacteriawasstudied during thesummerof2011/2012.Furtherunderstanding is currentlyundergoingtestingontwo rainbow troutfarms rainbow troutwasdeveloped duringthisyear. Thisvaccine experimental vaccineforthecontrolofabacterialdiseasein in avian pathogenicEscherichiacoli,andthiswaspublished system wasestablishedtoevaluatethevirulencegenesof posters were presentedatthiscongress.AmultiplexPCR congress inCancun,Mexico.Oneoralpresentationandfour Jansen) attendedtheWorld Veterinary Poultry Association students (MrWouter vanderWesthuizen andMsArina 2012. MsBoucherandProf.Braggaswell astwo senior control ofthisdiseaseinparrotswillbeinvestigated during using thisrecombinantyeast speciesasavaccineforthe a numberofpotentialvaccineprojects.Thepossibility system whileinFrance.Thistechnologycanbeappliedto of beakandfeatherdiseasevirusintothisyeast expression yeast species.Shewasabletoexpressthecoatproteingene selected genesofvariouspathogensontothesurfacea in France,mainlytoobtaintechnologyfortheexpressionof Boucher –ajuniorlecturerwithinthegroup.ShevisitedINRA a threemonthsabbaticalwhichwasundertaken by Ms group ofProf.RobBraggandMsCharlotteBoucherwas The mainhighlightoftheVeterinary Biotechnologyresearch the DelftUniversity ofTechnology. presented lecturesattheDepartmentofBiotechnology During theOctobertripProf.AlbertynandDrOppermanalso Düsseldorf, GermanywithDrGudiminchiandMrTheron. the InstituteofBiochemistry,HeinrichHeineUniversity, October tripsProf.SmitalsovisitedVladaUrlacherat where theypresentedthreeposters.DuringtheJuneand Symposium onBiocatalysisinGiardiniNaxos, Sicilia, Avian Pathology –thetopsubjectspecificjournal.An th International Research Outputs Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology

Research articles Abbai, N.S., Van Heerden, E., Piater, L.A. & Litthauer, D. 2011. A Mayne, S.L.N. & Patterton, H.G. 2011. Bioinformatics tools for the deep gold mine metagenome as a source of novel esterases. African structuural elucidation of multi-subunit protein complexes by mass Journal of Biotechnology 10: 6090-6100. spectrometric analysis of protein-protein cross-links. Briefings in Bioinformatics 12: 660-671. Bekker, A., Hugo, C., Albertyn, J., Boucher, C.E. & Bragg, R.R. 2011. Pathogenic Gram-positive cocci in South African rainbow trout Mielmann, A., Hugo, C.J. & Jooste, P.J. 2011. The potential of Oncorhynchus mykiss L. Journal of Fish Diseases 34: 483-487. Chryseobacterium species to produce biogenic amines. Journal of Food Safety 31: 75-80. Borgonie, G., García-Moyano, A., Litthauer, D., Bert, W., Bester, A., Van Heerden, E., Möller, C., Erasmus, M. & Onstott, T.C. 2011. Nematoda from Ncango, D.M., Pohl, C.H., Van Wyk, P.W.J. & Kock, J.L.F. 2011. NSAIDs the terrestrial deep subsurface of South Africa. Nature 474: 79-82. inhibit growth of yeast pathogens. African Journal of Microbiology Research 5: 1123-1125. Ells, R., Kock, J.L.F. & Pohl, C.H. 2011. Candida albicans or Candida dubliniensis? Mycoses 54: 1-16. Ngubo, M., Kemp, G. & Patterton, H.G. 2011. Nano-electrospray tandem mass spectrometric analysis of the acetylation state of Ells, R., Kock, J.L.F., Albertyn, J., Kemp, G. & Pohl, C.H. 2011. Effect histones H3 and H4 in stationary phase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. of inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism on prostaglandin E 2 BMC Biochemistry 12: 34-43. production by Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis biofilms. Osthoff, G., Hugo, A., Joubert, C.C. & Swarts, J.C. 2011. DSC of milk fats Medical Microbiology and Immunology 200: 23-28. from various animals with high levels of medium-chain, unsaturated Gounder, K., Brzuszkiewicz, E., Liesegang, H., Wolherr, A., Daniel, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. South African Journal of Chemistry R., Gottschalk, G., Reva, O., Srivastava, M., Bricio, C., Berunguer, J., 64: 241-250. Annual Report 2011 Van Heerden, E. & Litthauer, D. 2011. Sequence of the hyperplastic Pohl, C.H., Smit, M.S. & Albertyn, J. 2011. Rhodotorula genome of the naturally competent Thermus scotoductus SA-01. bloemfonteinensis sp. nov., Rhodotorula eucalyptica sp. nov., 145 BMC Genomics 12: 577. Rhodotorula orientis sp. nov.and Rhodotorula pini sp. nov., yeasts Gudiminchi, R.K. & Smit, M.S. 2011. Identification and characterization isolated from monoterpene-rich environments. International Journal of 4-hexylbenzoic acid and 4-nonylbenzoic acid as substrates of of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61: 2320-2327. CYP102A1. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 90: 117-126. Sebolai, O.M. 2011. Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcosis. Kock, J.L.F., Swart, C.W. & Pohl, C.H. 2011. The anti-mitochondrial Leadership in HIV and AIDS 35: 34. antifungal assay for the discovery and development of new drugs. Seyoum, T., Osthoff, G., Steyn, M.S., Engelbrecht, G.M. & Pretorius, J.C. Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery 6: 671-681. 2011. The effect of preharvest treatment, disinfection and storage Lippmann-Pipke, J., Lollar, B.S., Niedermann, S., Stroncik, N.A., environment on quality of carrots. Journal of Food Processing and Naumann, R., Van Heerden, E. & Onstott, T.C. 2011. Neon identifies Preservation 35: 331-341. two billion year old fluid component in Kaapvaal Craton. Chemical Shimelis, H. & Hugo, A. 2011. Determination of selection criteria for Geology 283: 287-296. seed yield and seed oil content in Vernonia (Vernonia galamensis Lollar, B.S., Van Heerden, E., Onstott, T.C. & Kieft, T. 2011. Carbon variety ethiopica). Industrial Crops and Products 33: 436-439. cycling in the deep crustal biosphere. Elements 7: 137. Shimelis, H., Mashela, P. & Hugo, A. 2011. Genotype by environment Maartens, M.M.J., Swart, C.W., Pohl, C.H. & Kock, J.L.F. 2011. interaction of seed oil yield in Vernonia (Vernonia galamensis variety Antimicrobials, chemotherapeutics or antibiotics? Scientific Research ethiopica). Industrial Crops and Products 33: 756-760. and Essay 6: 3927-3929. Swart, C.W., Van Wyk, P.W.J., Pohl, C.H., Kriel, W. & Kock, J.L.F. 2011. The Mapiye, C., Chimonyo, M., Dzama, K., Hugo, A., Strydom, P.E. & influence of mitochondrial inhibitors on the life cycle of Phytophthora. Muchenje, V. 2011. Fatty acid composition of beef from Nguni African Journal of Microbiology Research 5: 3175-3180. steers supplemented with Acacia karoo leaf-meal. Journal of Food Varsani, A., Regnard, G.L., Bragg, R.R., Hitzeroth, I.I., & Rybicki, E.P. Composition and Analysis 24: 523-528. 2011. Global genetic diversity and geographical and host-species 146

Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences P2195ZA00/MVS. conducting microbiologicalprocesses.PatentApplicationNumber: Van Heerden,E.&Erasmus,J.2011.Apparatusandmethodfor oxidase encodinggenes.PatentApplicationNumber:2010/06445. J. 2011.Expressionconstructfortheco-expressionofvanillylalcohol Smit, M.S.,Labuschagne,M.,Albertyn,J.,Van Rooyen, N.&Maseme, Patent ApplicationNumber:P41266ZAPO. Myburgh, J.&Smith,E-A.2011.Productionofafermentedfoodstuff. Number: PA153178/P. Palace Hotel,QuintanaRoo,Cancún,México. 14-18August. Annual World Veterinary Poultry Association(WVPA) Congress,Moon 17 ficus-indica biomassascarbonfeedstock.Poster presentedatthe of yeast singlecellproteinproductionusingahydrolysate ofOpuntia Akanni, G.B.,DuPreez,J.C.,Steyn,L.&Kilian,S.G.2011.Evaluation Conferences contributions Albertyn, J.,Labuschagne,M.,Theron,C.&Smit,M.S. Patents Bernardet, Segers,Kersters &Holmes1994.829 Systematic Bacteriology:GenusX.In:Chryseobacterium,Vandamme, Bernardet, J.-F., Hugo,C.J.&Bruun,B.2011.Bergey’smanualof Chapters inbooks of AgriculturalResearch6:2725-2736. and postharvest treatmentsonstoredtomatoquality.AfricanJournal Workneh, T.S., Osthoff,G.&Steyn,M.S.2011.Influenceofpreharvest treatments. AfricanJournalofAgriculturalResearch6:2715-2724. chemical qualityofcarrotssubjectedtopre-andpostharvest Workneh, T.S., Osthoff,G.&Steyn,M.S.2011.Physiologicaland General Virology92:752-767. distribution ofbeakandfeatherdiseasevirusisolates.Journal from De Wit,M.&DuToit, A.2011.Aprocessforextractingmucilage expression constructs.PatentApplicationNumber:2011/04652. 136; 289. by C.P. Kurtzman;J.W. Fell&T. Boekhout.London:Elsevier.pp.129- The Yeasts: A Taxonomic Study.In:Chemotaxonomy ofYeasts , edited Prillinger, H.,Lopandic,K.,Suzuki,M.,Kock, J.L.F. &Boekhout,T. N.L. Ward; W. Ludwig&W.B. Whitman.NewYork; Springer.pp.180-196. 4: editedby N.R.Krieg;J.T. Staley;D.R.Brown; B.P. Hedlund;B.J.Paster; Poster presentedatthe17 on growth andproteolyticactivityofChryseobacteriuminmilk. Bekker, A.,Hugo,C.,Jooste,P. &Steyn,L.2011.Effectoftemperature 6-9 November. (SASM), University oftheWestern Cape,CapeTown, SouthAfrica. to aidinthecontrolofinfectiouscoryza Boucher, C.E.,Bragg,R.R.&Albertyn,J. 2011. Bloemfontein, SouthAfrica.10-22January. into CarbonCycling intheDeepCrustalBiosphereSymposium, presented attheNewHorizonsforInternationalInvestigations water infixed-film upflow reactors–aSouthAfricanfirst.Poster E. 2011.Bioremediationofhexavalent chromiumcontaminated Botes, E.,Jordan,R.,DeFlaun,M.F., Howell, J.,Borch,R.&Van Heerden, Bloemfontein, SouthAfrica.10-22January. into CarbonCycling intheDeepCrustal BiosphereSymposium, Paper delivered attheNewHorizonsfor InternationalInvestigations Nematoda fromtheterrestrialdeepsubsurfaceofSouthAfrica. Van Heerden,E.,Möller,C.&Onstott,T.C. 2011.Worms fromhell: Borgonie, G.,García-Moyano, A.,Litthauer, D.,Bert,W., BesterA., Town, SouthAfrica.6-9November. Society forMicrobiology(SASM),University oftheWestern Cape,Cape th BiennialCongressoftheSouthAfricanSocietyforMicrobiology Opuntia ficusindicaand th BiennialCongressoftheSouthAfrican Aloe barbadensis.PatentApplication . Poster presentedatthe17 The useofmicroarrays VP : 2 nd edition: Volume 2011.Novel 2011. th

Biochemistry, BiophysicsandStructure, Manchester, UK.26-30June. acid modulatesprostaglandinE Ells, R.,Kock, J.L.F., Albertyn.J.,Hugo,A.&Pohl, C.H. Research Conference(GRC),HotelGalvez, Galveston, USA.16-21January. in vitro.Poster presentedatImmunologyofFungalInfections-Gordon Interactions ofCandidaspecieswithsciadonicacidtreatedepithelialcells Ells, R.,Kock, J.L.F., Albertyn,J.,Van Wyk,P.W.J. &Pohl, C.H.2011. South Africa.6-9November. for Microbiology(SASM),University oftheWestern Cape,CapeTown, 17 epithelial cellsduring Poster presentedatthe8 in deep(>0.8km)fracturewater inthe SouthAfricansubsurface. Onstott, T.C. & Van Heerden,E.2011.Unexpectedeukaryotic diversity García-Moyano, A.,Litthauer,D.,Borgonie, G.,Bester,A.,Piater,L.A., Convention Centre,Midrand,SouthAfrica. 24-28October. South AfricanCarbonCaptureandStorage(CCS)Week, Gallagher reference isolates.Poster presentedatthe17 sequences withinthegenomeofAvibacterium paragallinarum Coetsee, E.,Bragg,R.R.&Boucher,C.E. South Africa.6-9November. Microbiology (SASM),University oftheWestern Cape,CapeTown, presented atthe17 n-octane usingE.coli 2011. Cofactorregenerationduringwhole-cell biotransformationof Gudiminchi, R.K.,Randall,C.,Theron, C., Albertyn,J.&Smit,M.S. September. Microbiology (ISSM2011),Garmisch-Partenkirchen,Germany.11-16 Poster presentedatthe17 quaternary ammoniumCompoundresistancegenesinbacteria. Coetzee, M.,Jansen,A.,Boucher,C.E.&Bragg,R.R. Western Cape,CapeTown, SouthAfrica.6-9November. the SouthAfricanSocietyforMicrobiology(SASM),University ofthe at the17 of Charimba, G.,Hugo,C.,Jooste,P. &Albertyn,J. Biosphere Symposium,Bloemfontein,SouthAfrica.10-22January. International Investigations intoCarbonCycling intheDeepCrustal scotocuctus SA-01.Poster presentedattheNewHorizonsfor microbial interactionandreductionofuranium(VI)by Cason, E.D.,Piater,L.A.&Van Heerden,E.2011.Thermophilic (SASDT), BlackMountainHotel,ThabaNchu,SouthAfrica.13-15April. and SymposiumoftheSouthAfricanSocietyforDairyTechnology dairy products.Poster presentedatthe44 Burger, T-J., Myburgh,J.&Hugo,A.2011.Thesignificanceoffatin of CCSonthedeepsubsurfacebiome.Paperdelivered atthe2 T.J., DeFlaun,M.F., Surridge,T. &Van Heerden,E.2011.Theinfluence Erasmus, M.,Otto,F., Onstott,T.C., Lollar,S.B.,Colwell, F., Phelps, Bloemfontein, SouthAfrica.10-22January. into CarbonCycling intheDeepCrustal BiosphereSymposium, presented attheNewHorizonsforInternationalInvestigations nanoparticle formationsby ThermusscotoductusSA-01.Poster Characterization andexpressionofaproteininvolved ingold Erasmus, M.,Albertyn,J.,Berenguer,J.&Van Heerden,E.2011. 6-9 November. (SASM), University oftheWestern Cape,CapeTown, SouthAfrica. presented atthe in E.coliwithmolecularchaperonesfromThermus Albertyn, J.2011.Improving heterologousproteinexpression Dukunde, A.,Van Heerden,E.,Litthauer,D.,Opperman,D.J.& Biosphere Symposium,Bloemfontein,SouthAfrica.10-22January. International Investigations intoCarbonCycling intheDeepCrustal bacterial chaperones.Poster presentedattheNewHorizonsfor Improving heterologousproteinexpressionwiththermophilic Dukunde, A.,Albertyn,J.,Van Heerden,E.&Litthauer,D.2011. Town, SouthAfrica.6-9November. Society forMicrobiology(SASM),University oftheWestern Cape,Cape th Chryseobacterium BiennialCongressoftheSouthAfricanSocietyforMicrobiology th BiennialCongressoftheSouthAfricanSocietyfor 17 th th International Conference on Cytochrome P450: InternationalConferenceonCytochrome P450: BiennialCongressoftheSouthAfricanSociety isolated frompoultrysources.Paperdelivered cells expressingtheCYP153A6operon.Poster Candida th th InternationalSymposiumofSubsurface BiennialCongressoftheSouthAfrican infections. Paperdelivered atthe 2 andcytokineproductionby 2011. th AnnualGeneralMeeting Screening forproghage th 2011.Thetaxonomy BiennialCongressof 2011. 2011.Studyof spp. Poster

Sciadonic Thermus nd

Janse van Rensburg, R., Kock, J.L.F., Albertyn, J. & Pohl, C.H. 2011. Kuloyo, O.O., Du Preez, J.C., Steyn, L. & Kilian, S.G. 2011. Bioethanol Novel killer yeasts against pathogenic fungi. Poster presented at the production from Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes using Saccharomyces 17th Biennial Congress of the South African Society for Microbiology cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus. Poster presented at the (SASM), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa. 17th Biennial Congress of the South African Society for Microbiology 6-9 November. (SASM), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa. 6-9 November. Janse van Rensburg, R., Kock, J.L.F., Ells, R. & Pohl, C.H. 2011. Biofilm formation by Candida glabrata and related species. Poster presented Lippmann-Pipke, J., Lollar, B.S., Nierdermann, S., Stroncik, N.A., at the 4th Congress of European Microbiologists: The Federation of Naumann, R., Van Heerden, E., Onstott, T.C., Erzinger, J., Zimmer, M., European Microbiological Societies (FEMS 2011), Geneva, Switzerland, Kujawa, C., Boettcher, M., Bester, A., Moller, H. & Reches, Z. 2011. 26-30 June. Geogases in the Kaapvaal Craton. Poster presented at the New Horizons for International Investigations into Carbon Cycling in the Deep Crustal Jansen, A.C. & Bragg, R.R. 2011. Small multidrug resistance genes in Biosphere Symposium, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 10-22 January. Staphylococcus aureus. Poster presented at the 17th Annual World Veterinary Poultry Association (WVPA) Congress, Moon Palace Hotel, Lippmann-Pipke, J., Lollar, B.S., Nierdermann, S., Stroncik, N.A., Quintana Roo, Cancún, México. 14-18 August. Naumann, R., Van Heerden, E. & Onstott, T.C. 2011. Neon identifies two billion year old fluid component in Kaapvaal Craton. Poster Jansen, A.C., Boucher, C.E., Coetsee, E., Kock, J.L.F., Van Wyk, presented at the Goldschmidt 2011 Conference: Earth, Life and Fire, P.W.J., Swart, H.C. & Bragg, R.R. 2011. Morphological changes Prague Congress Center, Prague, Czech Republic. 14-19 August. in Staphylococcus aureus cells caused by treatment with didecyldimethylammonium chloride. Poster presented at the 17th Litthauer, D., Gounder, K., Liesegang, H., Brzuszkiewicz, E., Wolherr, Annual World Veterinary Poultry Association (WVPA) Congress, Moon A., Daniel, R., Gottschalk, G., Reva, O., Kumwenda, B., Srivastava, M. Palace Hotel, Quintana Roo, Cancún, México. 14-18 August. & Van Heerden, E. 2011. Hyperplasticity in the Thermus scotoductus SA-01 genome: Adapt and aqcuire. Poster presented at the New Jansen, A.C., Boucher, C.E., Coetsee, E., Kock, J.L.F., Van Wyk, P.W.J., Horizons for International Investigations into Carbon Cycling in the Swart, H.C. & Bragg, R.R. 2011. Morphological changes in Staphylococcus Deep Crustal Biosphere Symposium, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 10- aureus cells caused by treatment with didecyldimethylammonium 22 January. chloride. Poster presented at the 17th Biennial Congress of the South Litthauer, S., Albertyn, J., Litthauer, D., Opperman, D.J. & Van Heerden, African Society for Microbiology (SASM), University of the Western Cape, E. 2011. Identification of Old Yellow homologues from subsurface Cape Town, South Africa. 6-9 November. thermophilic cultures. Poster presented at the New Horizons for Kilian, W., Albertyn, J., Kock, J.L.F. & Pohl, C.H. 2011. Virulence International Investigations into Carbon Cycling in the Deep Crustal factors of the human pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans. Poster Biosphere Symposium, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 10-22 January. presented at the 17th Biennial Congress of the South African Society Litthauer, S., Van Heerden, E., Hollmann, F. & Opperman, D.J. 2011. for Microbiology (SASM), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Multiple domain Old Yellow Enzyme. Poster presented at the Biotrans South Africa. 6-9 November. 2011 Conference, Giardini Naxos Beach Resort, Messina, Sicily Island, Kock, J.L.F. & Swart, C.W. 2011. A new nanotechnology for novel Italy. 2-6 October. cell based assays. Paper presented at the International Conference Lollar, S.B., Van Heerden, E., Onstott, T.C. & Kieft, T. 2011. and Exhibition on Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs (Pharma-2011): Underground research laboratories and deep mines as a window into Research & Advancements in Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs, subsurface microbiology. Poster presented at the 12th International Baltimore, USA. 6-7 September. Conference on Topics of Astroparticle and Underground Physics Kock, J.L.F. & Swart, C.W. 2011. Nano3A: A new cell systems (TAUP2011), Munich, Germany. 5-9 September. nanotechnology approach to drug discovery. Paper delivered at Maartens, M.M.J., Swart, H.C., Coetsee, E., Swart, C.W., Van Wyk, P.W.J., the 2nd World Congress on Biotechnology: Biotechnology-2011, Swarts, J.C., Pohl, C.H., Ncango, D.M. & Kock, J.L.F. 2011. Lipomyces: Philadelphia, USA. 29 November – 1 December. Indicator of novel antifungals. Poster presented at the 4th Congress of Kock, J.L.F., Swart, C.W., Pohl, C.W., Ncango, D.M., Swart, H.C., Coetsee, E. European Microbiologists: The Federation of European Microbiological & Van Wyk, P.W.J. 2011. A new imaging nanotechnology for mycology. Societies (FEMS 2011), Geneva, Switzerland, 26-30 June. Paper delivered at the 16th Congress of European Mycologists, Halkidiki, Maseme, M.J., Mahlala, M.K.A. & Smit, M.S. 2011. Effect of growth Annual Report 2011 Porto Carras Sithonia Chalkidiki, Greece. 18-23 September. conditions on biomass production and heterologous expression of Kock, J.L.F., Swart, C.W., Swart, H.C., Coetsee, E., Pohl, C.H. & Van vanillyl alcohol oxidase by Arxula adeninivorans UFS Y-1220. Poster 147 Wyk, P.W.J. 2011. A new nanotechnology for biology. Paper delivered presented at the 17th Biennial Congress of the South African Society at the 4th World Congress of Industrial Biotechnology (IBIO-2011), for Microbiology (SASM), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, World Expo Center, Dalian, China. 25-30 April. South Africa. 6-9 November. Kock, J.L.F., Swart, C.W., Swart, H.C., Coetsee, E., Pohl, C.H. & Maseme, M.J., Van Rooyen, N., Labuschagne, M., Mahlala, M.K.A., Van Wyk, P.W.J. 2011. A new imaging nanotechnology for drug Albertyn, J. & Smit, M.S. 2011. Whole cell biotransformations of development. Paper delivered at the BIT’s 2nd Annual International eugenol with vanillyl alcohol oxidase expressed in yeasts and E.coli. Conference of Medichem 2011: Master Drug Discovery Chemistry, Poster presented at the Biotrans 2011 Conference, Giardini Naxos Beijing International Convention Centre, China. 9-11 August. Beach Resort, Messina, Sicily Island, Italy. 2-6 October. Kozhevnikova, D., Sokolovna, T., Lebedinsky, A., Van Heerden, Mathenjwa, S.A., Hugo, C.J., Bothma, C. & Hugo, A. 2011. The effect E. & Bonch-Osmolovskaya, E. 2011. New subterranean isolates of natural preservatives on the microbial quality, lipid stability and from Beatrix gold mine in South Africa. Poster presented at the 11th sensory acceptability of boerewors. Paper delivered at the 57th International Thermophiles Meeting and Conference (Thermophiles International Congress of Meat Science and Technology (ICoMST): 2011), Yellowstone National Park, Big Sky, Montana, USA. 11-16 Global Challenges to Production, Processing and Consumption of September. Meat, Ghent, Belgium. 7-12 August. Kuloyo, O., Mahlangeni, A., Steyn, L. & Du Preez, J.C. 2011. A Meissenheimer, M., Ells, R., Kock, J.L.F. & Pohl, C.H. 2011. comparative evaluation of Kluyveromyces marxianus and Prostaglandin E2 production by Candida albicans and other Candida th Saccharomyces cerevisiae for bioethanol production from Opuntia spp. Poster presented at the 17 Biennial Congress of the South ficus-indica biomass. Poster presented at the 29th International African Society for Microbiology (SASM), University of the Western Specialised Symposium on Yeasts (ISSY): The Relevance of Yeasts Cape, Cape Town, South Africa. 6-9 November. and Microbial Consortia in Traditional and Industrial Fermentations, Meyer, A.M., Du Preez, J.C., Steyn, L. & Kilian, S.G. 2011. The critical Guadalajara, Mexico. 29 August – 2 September. dissolved oxygen level in respect of glucose and xylose utilisation 148

Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences smart sporemovement. Poster presentedatthe17 Schoombie, S.,Pohl, C.H.&Kock, J.L.F. 2011.NanoSAMinvestigates Olivier, A.,Swart,H.C.,Coetsee,E.,C.W., Van Wyk,P.W.J., (SASDT), BlackMountainHotel,ThabaNchu, SouthAfrica.13-15April. and SymposiumoftheSouthAfricanSocietyforDairyTechnology physic-chemical propertiesofyogurt. Poster presentedatthe44 Myburgh, J.&Smith,N.2011.Theeffectofstoragetimeonthe of theWestern Cape,CapeTown, SouthAfrica.6-9November. Congress oftheSouthAfricanSocietyforMicrobiology(SASM),University the 44 Osthoff, G.2011.Chemistryofcheeseripening. Societies (FEMS2011),Geneva,Switzerland, 26-30June. European Microbiologists:TheFederation ofEuropeanMicrobiological Nchu, SouthAfrica.13-15April. Society forDairyTechnology (SASDT), BlackMountainHotel,Thaba Bloemfontein, SouthAfrica.Poster presentedatEpidemics of HIV-associated cryptococcosisandtuberculosismorbidityin Ogundeji, A.O.,Mofolo,N.,Elliott,E.&Sebolai,O.M.2011.Estimation South Africa.6-9November. for Microbiology(SASM),University oftheWestern Cape,CapeTown, presented atthe17 and tuberculosismorbidityinBloemfontein,SouthAfrica.Poster E. &Sebolai,O.M.2011.EstimationofHIV-associated cryptococcosis Ogundeji, A.O.,Maleho,T.J., Kock, J.L.F., Pohl, C.H.,Mofolo,N.,Elliott, South Africa.6-9November. for Microbiology(SASM),University oftheWestern Cape,CapeTown, presented atthe4 J.L.F. 2011.Novel antifungalindicatorsuncovered inyeast. Poster Ncango, D.M.,Pohl, C.H.,Van Wyk,P.W.J., Swart,C.W. &Kock, South Africa.6-9November. for Microbiology(SASM),University oftheWestern Cape,CapeTown, State region.Poster presentedatthe44 Microbial biodiversity ofmedicinalclaysoil samplesfromeasternFree Ojo, A.O.,Maleke, M.,Albertyn,J.,Osman,A. &Van Heerden,E. Massachusetts, USA.29November -2December. International ConferenceonInfectiousDiseaseDynamics,Boston, presented atthe17 2011. Novel yeast bio-assaytodetectnovel antifungals.Poster Ncango, D.M.,Pohl, C.H.,Van Wyk,P.W.J., Swart,C.W. &Kock, J.L.F. South Africa.13-15April. for DairyTechnology (SASDT), BlackMountainHotel,ThabaNchu, Annual GeneralMeetingandSymposiumoftheSouthAfricanSociety by presented atthe17 yeast Yarrowia lipolyticawithhydrophobic substrates . Poster Ntlhokoa, K.,Smit,M.S.&Albertyn,J.2011. The interactionofthe Switzerland, 26-30June. Federation ofEuropeanMicrobiologicalSocieties(FEMS2011),Geneva, smart sporemovement. Poster presentedatthe4 Schoombie, S.W., Pohl, C.H.&Kock, J.L.F. 2011.NanoSAMinvestigates Olivier, A.P.S., Swart, H.C.,Coetsee,E.,Swart,C.W., Van Wyk,P.W.J., Western Cape,CapeTown, SouthAfrica.6-9November. of theSouthAfricanSocietyforMicrobiology(SASM),University ofthe utilising yeast fromSouthAfrica.Poster presentedatthe17 Motaung, T.E., Albertyn,J.,Kock, J.L.F. &Pohl, C.H.2011.Anewcyanide of theWestern Cape,CapeTown, SouthAfrica.6-9November. Congress oftheSouthAfricanSocietyforMicrobiology(SASM),University Disease Virus(BFDV) coatprotein.Poster presentedatthe17 expression systemfortheheterologousproductionofBeakandFeather Munsamy, Y., Bragg,R.R.,Albertyn,J.&Boucher,C.E.2011.An of theWestern Cape,CapeTown, SouthAfrica.6-9November. Congress oftheSouthAfricanSocietyforMicrobiology(SASM),University gallisepticum inSouthernAfrica.Poster presentedatthe17 Moretti, S.,Boucher,C.E.&Bragg,R.R.2011.ThestudyofMycoplasma of theWestern Cape,CapeTown, SouthAfrica.6-9November. Congress oftheSouthAfricanSocietyforMicrobiology(SASM),University

Kluyveromyces marxianus.Poster presentedatthe17 th AnnualGeneralMeetingandSymposium oftheSouthAfrican th th th th BiennialCongressoftheSouthAfricanSociety BiennialCongressoftheSouthAfricanSociety BiennialCongressoftheSouthAfricanSociety Congress ofEuropeanMicrobiologists:The th AnnualGeneralMeeting th Paper delivered at BiennialCongress th Congress of th th th th 3 Biennial Biennial : The3 Biennial Biennial Biennial Biennial Biennial Biennial 2011. th rd

17 in thegenomeofAvibacterium paragallinarum Roodt, Y., Albertyn,J.&Bragg,R.R.2011. Nchu, SouthAfrica.13-15April. Society forDairyTechnology (SASDT), BlackMountainHotel,Thaba Novel Drugs.Paperdelivered attheBIT’s2 Swart, C.W. &Kock, J.L.F. 2011.Yeast “Contraceptives” also November. University oftheWestern Cape,CapeTown, SouthAfrica.6-9 Congress oftheSouthAfricanSocietyforMicrobiology(SASM), on yogurt coagulationtime.Paperdelivered atthe44 Smith, E-A.&Myburgh,J.2011.Theeffectofpressuretreatedmilk Biophysics andStructure,Manchester,UK.26-30June. International ConferenceonCytochromeP450:Biochemistry, Cryptococcus neoformans.Poster presentedatthe8 J.L.F. 2011.Associationof3-hydroxy oxylipins withcapsulesof Sebolai, O.M.,Pohl, C.H.,Botes,P.J., Van Wyk,P.W.J. &Kock, South Carolina,USA.1-5May. Conference onCryptococcusandCryptococcosis(ICCC),Charleston, 4 J.L.F. 2011.Anovel nanotechnologyforyeast. Poster presentedatthe Swart, C.W., Swart,H.C.,Coetsee,E.,Pohl, C.H.,Van Wyk,P.W.J. &Kock, 29 November –1December. Congress onBiotechnology:Biotechnology-2011,Philadelphia,USA. the 44 Osthoff, G.2011.Milk:Thewell known (?)food.Paperdelivered at monooxygenases inE.coliandyeasts. Paperdelivered atthe17 Smit, M.S.2011.HeterologousexpressionofcytochromeP450 South Carolina,USA.1-5May. Conference onCryptococcusandCryptococcosis(ICCC),Charleston, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Poster presentedatthe17 The physiologicalroleofalcoholdehydrogenase 5(Adh5p) isozyme Steyn, L.,DeSmidt,O.,DuPreez,J.C.,Albertyn,J.&Kilian,S.G.2011. Africa. 13-15April. Dairy Technology (SASDT), BlackMountainHotel,ThabaNchu,South General MeetingandSymposiumoftheSouthAfricanSocietyfor Rooyen, N.,Mahlala,M.K.A.,Gudiminchi,R.K.& Theron, C.W., Albertyn,J.,Labuschagne,M.,Maseme,M.J.,Van Microbiological Societies(FEMS2011),Geneva,Switzerland,26-30June. screen foranti-mitochondrialdrugs.Paperdelivered atthe2 Swart, C.W. &Kock, J.L.F. 2011.Development ofabio-assayto Beijing InternationalConvention Centre,China.9-11August. Conference ofMedichem2011:MasterDrugDiscovery Chemistry, Cryptococcus neoformans.Poster presentedatthe8 2011. Acetylsalicylic acid:Apossibleprophylacticagentagainst Sebolai, O.M.,Pohl, C.H.,Botes,P.J., Van Wyk,P.W.J. &Kock, J.L.F. Societies (FEMS2011),Geneva,Switzerland,26-30June. European Microbiologists:TheFederationofMicrobiological hydroxylating catalysts.Paperdelivered atthe17 yeast expressionsystemforselectionand development ofwholecell of Cryptococcusneoformans.Poster presentedat4 Kock, J.L.F. 2011.Associationof3-hydroxy oxylipins withcapsules Sebolai, O.M.,Pohl, C.H.,Botes,P.J., Swart,C.W., Van Wyk,P.W.J. & Palace Hotel,QuintanaRoo,Cancún,México.14-18August. 17 of cytochromeP450monooxygenases. Poster presentedatthe M.S. 2011.Evaluating yeasts ashostsforheterologous expression Theron, C.W., Labuschagne,M.,Albertyn,J.,Gudiminchi, R.K.&Smit, Island, Italy.2-6October. Biotrans 2011Conference,GiardiniNaxos Beach Resort,Messina,Sicily of cytochromeP450monooxygenases. Poster presentedatthe M.S. 2011.Evaluating yeasts ashostsforheterologousexpression Theron, C.W., Labuschagne,M.,Albertyn,J.,Gudiminchi,R.K.&Smit, Western Cape,CapeTown, SouthAfrica.6-9November. of theSouthAfricanSocietyforMicrobiology(SASM),University ofthe th th th AnnualWorld Veterinary Poultry Association(WVPA) Congress, Moon Congress of European Microbiologists: The Federation of European Congress ofEuropeanMicrobiologists:TheFederation BiennialCongressoftheSouthAfrican SocietyforMicrobiology th AnnualGeneralMeetingandSymposiumoftheSouthAfrican Dectection of phage sequences Dectectionofphagesequences . Paper delivered at the . Paperdelivered atthe nd AnnualInternational

Smit, M.S.2011.A th BiennialCongress th th th International International Congress of th th Biennial nd Annual World th

(SASM), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa. Association (WVPA) Congress, Moon Palace Hotel, Quintana Roo, 6-9 November. Cancún, México. 14-18 August. Thibane, V.S., Kock, J.L.F., Ells, R. & Pohl, C.H. 2011. Increased Van Heerden, E. 2011. Probing the deepest limits of the Earth’s oxidative stress as antifungal mechanism of exogenous fatty biosphere. Paper delivered at the 1st Free State Coal Indaba: Fossil Fuel acids in Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis biofilms. Poster Foundation Conference, Maccauvlei Conference Centre, Vereeniging, presented at the 17th Biennial Congress of the South African Society South Africa. 25 February. for Microbiology (SASM), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Van Heerden, E. & Proce, P. 2011. Deep biogenic gas. Paper delivered South Africa. 6-9 November. at the Petroleum Agency South Africa: Open Day for Mining Indaba, Thibane, V.S., Kock, J.L.F., Ells, R., Van Wyk, P.W.J. & Pohl, C.H. 2011. Cape Town, South Africa. 10-11 February. Marine polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit biofilm formation of Candida Van Heerden, E., Borgonie, G., Jugdave, A., García-Moyano, A., th albicans and Candida dubliniensis. Poster presented at the 4 Congress Litthauer, D. & Onstott, T.C. 2011. Deep subsurface biodiversity: of European Microbiologists: The Federation of European Microbiological Novelty and flexibility. Paper delivered at the International Society of Societies (FEMS 2011), Geneva, Switzerland, 26-30 June. Optics and Photonics (SPIE) Nanoscience and Engineering Conference, Van der Westhuizen, W. & Bragg, R.R. 2011. An alternative to San Diego, California, USA. 21-25 August. antibiotic therapy of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC): Van Heerden, E., Jugdave, A., Albertyn, J., Cason, E.D., Bester P.A., th Bacteriophage therapy. Poster presented at the 17 Annual World Gounder, K., Botes, E., García-Moyano, A., Opperman, D.J., Van Veterinary Poultry Association (WVPA) Congress, Moon Palace Hotel, Marwijk, J., Erasmus, M. & Litthauer, D. 2011. Deep mine biodiversity: Quintana Roo, Cancún, México. 14-18 August. Flexibility and adaptability for application. Paper delivered at the Van der Westhuizen, W. & Bragg, R.R. 2011. Characterization of South New Horizons for International Investigations into Carbon Cycling in African avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) through multiplex the Deep Crustal Biosphere Symposium, Bloemfontein, South Africa. PCR. Poster presented at the 17th Annual World Veterinary Poultry 10-22 January.

Contact details Staff

Prof. James du Preez Division of Microbiology Necker, Yvette Makaum, Christelle Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences and Biochemistry Möller, Dalene van den Berg, Andri van Wyk. Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Distinguished Professor: Prof. Food Biotechnology Lodewyk Kock. Senior Officers: Ms Leonie University of the Free State Myburgh, Carin Badenhorst. Senior Professor: Prof. James du PO Box 339 Preez (chairperson). Senior Assistant Officer: Ms Ezelle 9300 Bloemfontein van den Heever. Professors: Profs Koos Albertyn, South Africa Rob Bragg, Stephanus Kilian, Storeman: Ms Merriam Mogopodi. Telephone: +27 51 401 2679 Derek Litthauer, Hugh Patterton Technical Help: Mss Susan Leeuw, Fax: +27 51 401 9376 (part-time; research cluster Lydia Mazwi, Messrs Stanford Annual Report 2011 E-mail: [email protected] director), Martie Smit, Esta van Isaac, Petrus Mereko, Jack Mvula. Website: www.ufs.ac.za/biotech Heerden, Bennie Viljoen. 149 Division of Food Science Senior Lecturers: Drs Dirk Professor: Prof. Garry Osthoff. Opperman, Carlien Pohl-Albertyn, André van Tonder. Associate Professor: Profs Arno Hugo, Celia Hugo. Lecturer: Dr Olihile Sebolai. Senior Lecturers: Drs Maryna de Junior lecturers: Ms Charlotte Wit, Koos Myburgh, Mr Neels Boucher, Mr Du Toit Schabort. Bezuidenhout (part-time). Researchers: Dr Gabré Kemp Lecturer: Ms Carina Bothma. (research cluster appointment), Ms Laurinda Steyn. Secretary: Ms Ilze Auld. Affiliate Associate Professor: Prof. Chief Officer, Professional Bettie Lodolo. Services: Ms Rosalie Hunt. Secretary: Ms Millie Cohen. Officer, Professional Services: Ms Eileen Roodt. Senior Officers, Professional Services: Mr Sarel Marais, Ms Nel- Technical Help: Mss Tinah Mkololo, Marie Agenbag. Sarah Senokoane. Officers, Professional Services: Cleaner: Mr Edward Mtshotana. Mss Suzanne Brandt, Anita de 150

Department of Physics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences “The PhysicsDepartmentcontinuestoacceleratetowards new nanosurfacecharacterization facilities(NNSCF)inthe of FlightSecondaryIonMassSpectrometer (TOF-SIMS) tothe will beusedtoaddahighlysensitive (partsperbillion)Time proposal received financial supportofR9million!Thegrant Infrastructure Grants(SRIG)committee oftheNRF. His application by Prof.HendrikSwarttotheStrategicResearch An outstandinghighlightoftheyear wasthesuccessful Research highlights attached. Science Centreofwhichasummarytheannualreportis Most ofourstaffmembersarealsoinvolved inthe Boyden provincial andnationalcommunities. surface laboratoriesandisactively involved withlocal, state oftheartinfrastructureinvery well-equipped nano internationally recognizedresearch.Thedepartmenthosts undergraduate andgraduatestudentshighquality, its goalsofrelevantandchallengingprogrammesfor The PhysicsDepartmentcontinuestoacceleratetowards Overview undergraduate andgraduatestudentshighquality, its goalsofrelevantandchallengingprogrammesfor internationally recognizedresearch.” Department of MrAbdubAli(Promoters:ProfsHendrikSwart and  MrGebhuNdlovu –(Promoters:ProfsWietsRoos and  The winnersare: field ofCondensedMatterPhysicsandMaterialsSciences. Conference oftheSouthAfricanInstitutePhysicsin and theyalmostmadeacleansweep ofprizesatthe56 It wasanexcellent year forourpostgraduatestudents Activities andachievements the country’smostoutstandingscholarsasmembers. Science ofSouthAfrica(ASSAf).Theacademyincludesonly Prof. SwartwasalsoelectedasamemberoftheAcademy of August 2012. The newspectrometerisexpectedtobeinoperationduring southeast endofthePhysicsbuildingisnearingcompletion. and construction(seephoto)toanewresearchlabatthe department. Theinstrumentwasorderedattheendof2011 Francis Dejene)and best oralpresentation; Thembela Hillie)inthecategoryDoctorate Oralforthe Physics – Prof.HendrikSwart th 17 152

Department of Physics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences spectrometers, wasratedasaY2researcher by theNRF. chief operatorontheNanoSAM andXPSVersa Probe In 2011DrLisaCoetsee,appointed asresearcherand MrShaunCronjé(Promoters:Prof.WietsRoosandDrTed  MrGebhuNdlovu   Mr GeorgeTshabalala(PromotersProfsMartin MrLuyandaNoto(Studyleaders:ProfsHendrikSwart  MrPieter Barnard  MrCharlJafta–(Studyleaders:ProfsWietsRoosand  MrShaunCronjé(Promoters:DrTed KroonandProf.  Wetenskap enKunsinPretoria. the 11 Kroon) won thirdprizeforthebestoralpresentationat exceptional presentationatthesameconference. Africa. Healsowon theWirsamTescan prizeforthemost 49 an Innovative Microscopy Technique, presentedatthe Thembela Hillie)won theSMMprizeforbestpaperon Research SocietySymposiumonJeJuIsland,26-27May. the bestPoster PresentationattheKorean Materials Ntwaeaborwa andHendrikSwart)won theprizefor prize -bestM.Sc.poster. and Koos Terblans) wasspeciallyrecommendedforthe Poster; and and KoosTerblans) won theprizeforbestMaster’s Award forthebestPublicationfromaM.Sc.dissertation. Koos Terblans) inthecategoryMaster’sPublication Poster forthebestposterpresentation; Wiets Roos)sharedtheprizeincategoryDoctorate Prof. HendrikSwart th Conference oftheMicroscopy SocietyofSouthern th SymposiumoftheSuid-Afrikaanse Akademievir (Study leaders:ProfsHendrikSwart (Promoters: Profs.WietsRoosand deposited. particles andthinfilmsaresynthesised whereby varioustypesofsemiconductornano- displays andthedevelopment ofprocesses the degradationofphosphorsforfieldemission Prof. HendrikSwart’smainresearchtopicsare Phosphor workshop inGhent,Belguim. Members ofthePhysicsdepartmentinBrussels ontheirwaytoa Prof. Wiets Roos, Mr Charl Jafta and Prof. Micha Polak discussing The construction site of the new TOF SIMS laboratory. science at the ACSIN 2011 conference in St. Petersburg Russia.

SAIP 2011 Prize winners and their study leaders and promoters (from The Physics Departments of Shantou University, China and our the left): Prof. Wiets Roos, Dr Ted Kroon, Prof. Matie Hoffman, Prof. Physics department signed a collaboration agreement. From the left Hendrik Swart, Mr Abdub Ali (front), Prof. KoosTerblans, Mr Shaun Profs Ping Wu, KoosTerblans, Hendrik Swart and Jiang Wang. Cronje, Mr Charl Jafta, Mr Luyanda Noto, Mr Pieter Barnard.

National and international Annual Report 2011 collaboration 153 Profs Swart and Terblans visited Prof. Jiang Wang in Shantou, and Ms Sylvia Mbule (visiting the Korean Institute of Science China, and signed a collaboration agreement. Prof. Jiang and Technology, South Korea), with their Ph.D. studies. Wang received his Ph.D. in Physics at the University of the The collaboration with the CSIR in the divisions, National Free State in 1997. Centre for Nano-structured Materials and Energy and The interaction between the Departments of Microbiology, Processes, is continuing and two of their Ph.D. students are Plant Science and Physics is still paying off and ground currently registered at the University of the Free State in the breaking experimental work has been done. The group is department of Physics. using surface sensitive spectrometers combined with Ar-ion Ph.D. students Mr George Tshabalala and Ms Sylvia Mbule sputtering in biological applications. Their imaging technology spent three months each at the Korea Institute of Science is concentrating on mycology and drug development. and Technology (KIST) in Seoul studying Ultra Violet up- conversion phosphors and the incorporation of quantum Strong ties were established with the Laser group at the dots in organic solar cell devices. These visits were part of University of Stellenbosch (US) and the Nelson Mandela an exchange programme for the NRF/DST funded research Metropolitan University (NMMU). Colleagues attended a collaboration between UFS and KIST. seminar presented by the Photonic Institute of South Africa (PISA) and financial support from PISA was used to assist Ms Profs Hendrik Swart, Wiets Roos and Koos Terblans, Mr Jack Mart-Mari Duvenhage (visiting the University of Florida, USA) Madito and colleagues from the departments of Geology 154

Department of Physics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences in thisprogammeareexpected2012. NMMU, UJ&UWC)andmulti-sitedelivery. Thefirststudents structured progammeallowing forinter-university (UFS, M.Sc. qualificationinNanoscience.Thisisaninterdisciplinary Staff membersarepositionedandexcited aboutthenew near Rustenburg. of thehighlightswasavisittoImPlatsPlatinumMine The workshop wasaGermany-SouthAfricainitiative. One the PlatiniumValue ChaininRustenburg,March24–26. and ChemistryattendedtheInkabayeAfrica Workshop on Nagpure, DrJapieDolo,MosesMothudi,ProfHendrikSwart(chairofconference),DanielBemandProf.MartinNtwaeaborwa. An internationalphotonicconferencewasco-organisedwithNMMUandUPatKariega GameReserve. DrIndrajit Fromtheleft:DrShreyasPitale, and lendsitselftothepromotionof natureconservationand situated onabeautifulsitethatis accessibletothepublic national andinternationalsignificance. Thefacilitiesare TV, aswell as researchprojects,theobservatoryenjoys South Africa,butthankstoregular exposureonradioand impact isnotrestrictedtoitsgeographicallocationincentral science communicationandastronomicalresearch.Its important catalystforscienceandmathematicseducation, two professionalopticalobservatoriesinSouthAfrica, The Boyden ObservatoryandScienceCentre,one ofonly Science Centrereport. Taken fromtheannualBoyden observatoryand October 2010toSeptember2011 Summary overview: and ScienceCentre Boyden Observatory is an audiences ofmanythousands. interviews onlocalandnational stations,whichreached astro-tourism intheregion.There were alsoregularradio support oftheprovincial government’s focusonpromoting astronomy lecturesatvariousvenues intheFreeState these meetings,Prof.MatieHoffmanpresentedaseriesof communication andeducationcommunities.Inadditionto with aviewtoestablishingnetworks amongstthescience local mediaandonnationalradio.Manymeetingswere held generated considerablepublicityfortheobservatoryin profile visitsfrominternationalscientistsandastronauts education andpublicsciencecommunicationevents. High- and programmesduringthisperiodwere itsresearch, Ongoing Boyden ObservatoryScienceCentreactivities activities andprogrammesattheBoyden Observatory. has contributedtotheincreasedinterestandpopularityof heightened awarenessofastronomyinSouthAfricaatpresent in stagesasfundingbecomesavailable.Thegeneral exchange rateassumptions).Theprojectisbeingimplemented of raising12-15millionrand(dependingonescalationand development fundingcampaigninMarch2009withthegoal the firstofitskindinSouthAfrica.We launchedtheBoyden ment ofastatetheartdigitaldomeplanetariumtheatre, the upgradingofexistingfacilitiesandproposedestablish- Centre, situatednearBloemfonteinintheFreeState,includes The development oftheBoyden ObservatoryandScience main building.Prof.MatieHoffmanistheProjectManager. constellation ofbuildings,includingalibraryinthehistorical books, documentsandastronomicalartefactshousedina eco-tourism. Furthermore,Boyden ishometoimportant From the left : Dr. Gordon MacLeod, Dr. Robert Williams, Profs. Hendrik Swart, Jonathan Jansen (Rector, UFS), Pieter Meintjes, Charles McGruder, and Jeff Hoffman.

Education and outreach The focus of the infrastructure improvements at Boyden in During the period October 2010 to September 2011 approxim- this period, were the Conservancy and Environment Project ately 130 intensive educational programmes were presented and the launching and development of the Boyden Heritage to approximately 8 600 people amounting to approximately Museum Project. 22 000 “learning hours”. These programmes included the following high impact events: Infrastructure improvements  Approximately 630 teachers benefitted from program- mes and workshops; The year 2010 marked the completion of the entertainment  2 240 grade 10-12 learners benefitted from programmes area and the first phase of the improvements to the Boyden and workshops; entrance area and the public walkways on the site. During  45 top achievers in physical science, mathematics and Annual Report 2011 the period starting October 2010, the focus shifted to biology attended a Science Adventure Camp; upgrading outdoor lighting, the detailed planning of the 155 artificial wetland - that will also improve the storm water management - and phase 2 of improvements to the Boyden entrance area. The detailed design and quotations have been received and construction commenced in October 2011. A contribution from the Charl van der Merwe Foundation as well as the University of the Free State makes this next phase possible. The renovation of the Boyden Observatory Main Building has been completed. The building will house an interactive astronomy museum. The renovations were funded by contributions from the Rupert Historiese Huise- stigting, the Hermann Ohtlhaver Trust, the Joan St. Leger Lindbergh Charitable Trust, Mr. Ndaba Ntsele and Pamodzi.

Ongoing programmes During the period under review a large variety of programmes were presented at Boyden. Details of demographics and From the left: Dr Robert Williams, Prof. Aylva Schoch, Prof. Pieter Meintjes, Prof . Jeff Hoffman, Michael Poli, Prof .Charles McGrunder numbers of visitors are available. Visitors to Boyden exhibits (front) Dawie van Jaarsveldt, Pat van Heerden, Dr Gordon MacLeod at science shows are not included in these numbers. (front) and Prof. Matie Hoffman. 156

Department of Physics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Athreedayworkshop waspresentedatBoyden in  Approximately 400grade5learnersfromapproximately  TheNEC302CommunityServiceModuleoftheUFSmade   Prof. KipThorne,PieterMeintjesandDr.JeandrewBrink.  communication Public events andscience On10November 2010we hostedahighprofilevisitby  On18September2010aspecialprogramme of theSABC  On14September2010therectorofUFShosted  Prof.Hoffmanalsohelpedto keep Boyden Observatory  Prof.HoffmanisaregularguestonthepopularSABC  IncollaborationwiththeCentreforEducationDe vel opment In addition to the numerous education programmes many Inadditiontothenumerous educationprogrammesmany bursary holders. collaboration withSouthAfrica’sSKAProjectfor27 Petrus Steyn,won theFreeStatelegofcompetition. Department ofEducation.J.A.Malherbe,PrimarySchool, Science CentreincollaborationwiththeFreeState leg ofthecompetitionisco-coordinatedby theBoyden SAASTA’s AstronomyQuizcompetition.TheFreeState 100 schoolsallover theFreeStateparticipatedin an importantcontributiontotwo township schools; physical sciencefrom13differentschools; presented atBoyden for148grade10-12topachievers in at theUFSSchoolofEducationaspecialprogrammewas astronaut JeffHoffman,President oftheInternational Observatory; programme, SterreenPlanete,was recordedatBoyden special guestsoftheUFSatBoyden Observatory; broadcasts reachedhundredsofthousandspeople; basis onacommunityradiostation.Thenational interviews onSABC(e.g.Monitor),aswell asonamonthly and ScienceCentreinthenewswithregularradio programme “SterreenPlanete”; public groupsalsovisitedtheobservatoryondemand; from theUFSDepartmentofPhysics. (NASA astronaut),ProfsWietsRoos,PieterViljoenandMatieHoffman From theleftProf.Koos Terblans, MrPatvanHeerden,DrEllenBaker department ofPhysics. All contributionsarelistedunder the outputsectionof which islocatedatBoyden, hadanotherproductive year. Robotic telescopeoftheUniversity CollegeDublininIreland, for thefuturescientistswhovisitBoyden. The Watcher this waytheymake avaluablecontributionasrolemodels regularly make popularpresentationsontheirresearch.In involved withtheBoyden educational activitiesandthey 8 M.Sc.andPh.D.students.Mostofthesestudentsare during thelastfewyears withanaverage enrolment of The astrophysicalresearchteamhasgrown substantially Research  8astro-tourismprogrammeswere presentedat On30September2011Prof.PatrickSeitzer,international  TheBoyden ObservatoryScienceCentreparticipatedin  On12September2011anotherNASA astronaut,Dr.Ellen  World renowned cosmologist,Prof.KippThornefrom  and theSABCprogamme“SterreenPlanete”. Affairs (DETEA),theAfrikaanseHandelsinstituut(AHI) Economic Development, Tourism andEnvironmental in collaborationwiththeFreeStateDepartmentof various venues intheFreeStateandNorth-West Telescope Exhibit; Boyden Observatoryandunveiled theLamont-Hussey patron oftheFriendsBoyden Observatory,visitedthe Our Environment”; Boyden ObservatoryScienceCentre:OurHeritageand September 2011inCapeTown withanexhibittitle“The the 6thScienceCentreWorld Conferencefrom5to8 Baker, gave atalkatBoyden; Caltech, gave atalkatBoyden on15November 2010; Charles McGruderatBoyden; Astronomical Union(IAU),Dr.RobertWilliams,andProf. Research Outputs Department of Physics

Research articles Abdallah, H.M.I., Moyo, T. & Msomi, J.Z. 2011. Mössbauer and Electrical C., Wambsganss, J., Watson, R., Williams, A., Zub, M., Allen, W., Bolt,

Studies of MnxCo1−xFe2O4 Compounds Prepared via Glycothermal Route. G., Bos, M., Depoy, D.L., Drummond, J., Eastman, J.D., Gal-Yam, A., Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 24: 669-673. Gorbikov, E., Higgins, D., Janczak, J., Kaspi, S., Lee, C.U., Mallia, F., Batista, V., Gould, A., Dieters, S., Dong, S., Bond, I., Beaulieu, J.P., Maury, A., Monard, L.A.G., Moorhouse, D., Morgan, N., Natusch, Maoz, D., Monard, B., Christie, G.W., McCormick, J., Albrow, M.D., T., Ofek, E.O., Park, B.G., Pogge, R.W., Polishook, D., Santallo, R., Horne, K., Tsapras, Y., Burgdorf, M.J., Novati, S.C., Skottfelt, J., Schporer, A., Spector, O., Thornley, G., Yee, J.C., Bozza, V., Browne, P., Caldwell, J., Kozlowski, S., Kubas, D., Gaudi, B.S., Han, C., Bennett, Dominik, M., Dreizler, S., Finet, F., Glitrup, M., Grundahl, F., Harpsoe, D.P., An, J., Abe, F., Botzler, C.S., Douchin, D., Freeman, M., Fukui, K., Hessman, F.V., Hinse, T.C., Hundertmark, M., Jorgensen, U.G., A., Furusawa, K., Hearnshaw, J.B., Hosaka, S., Itow, Y., Kamiya, K., Liebig, C., Maier, G., Mancini, L., Mathiasen, M., Rahvar, S., Ricci, D., Kilmartin, P.M., Korpela, A., Lin, W., Ling, C.H., Makita, S., Masuda, Scarpetta, G., Southworth, J., Surdej, J., Zimmer, F., Allan, A., Bramich, K., Matsubara, Y., Miyake, N., Muraki, Y., Nagaya, M., Nishimoto, D.M., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I.A. & Street, R.A. 2011. MOA-2009- K., Ohnishi, K., Okumura, T., Perrott, Y.C., Rattenbury, N., Saito, T., BLG-387Lb: A massive planet orbiting an M dwarf. Astronomy & Sullivan, D.J., Sumi, T., Sweatman, W.L., Tristram, P.J., Von Seggern, Astrophysics 529: Article 102, 16 pages. E., Yock, P.C.M., Brillant, S., Calitz, J.J., Cassan, A., Cole, A., Cook, K., Bem, D.B., Swart, H.C., Luyt, A.S. & Dejene, F.B. 2011. Luminescent Annual Report 2011 Coutures, C., Prester, D.D., Donatowicz, J., Greenhill, J., Hoffman, M., 2+ 3+ properties of long-lasting BaAlx0y:Eu ,Dy nanocomposites. Journal Jablonski, F., Kane, S.R., Kains, N., Marquette, J.B., Martin, R., Martioli, of Applied Polymer Science 121(1): 243-252. 157 E., Meintjes, P.J., Menzies, J., Pedretti, E., Pollard, K., Sahu, K.C., Vinter, Bem, D.B., Swart, H.C., Luyt, A.S., Duvenhage, M.M. & Dejene, F.B. 2011. Characterization of luminescent and thermal properties of long 2+ 3+ afterglow SrAlxOy:Eu Dy phosphor synthesized by combustion method. Polymer composites 32(2): 219-226. Dejene, F.B. 2011. The optical and structural properties of

polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 absorber thin films. Journal of Material Science 46:6981-6987. Dejene, F.B., Ali, A.G., Swart, H.C., Botha, J.R., Roro, K.E., Coetsee, E. & Biggs, M.M. 2011. Optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by varying the sodium hydroxide to zinc acetate molar ratios using a Sol-Gel process. Central European Journal of Physics 9(5): 1321-1326. Dhlamini, M.S., Mhlongo, G.H., Swart, H.C. & Hillie, K.T. 2011. Energy transfer between doubly doped Er3+, Tm3+ and Ho3+ rare earth ions in

SiO2 nanoparticles. Journal of Luminescence 131: 790-794. Dhoble, S.J., Nagpure, I.M., Dhoble, N.S. & Molina, P. 2011. Effect 2+  3+ of Bi ion on Eu Eu conversion in CaF2:Eu phosphors for RPL dosimetry. Journal of Material Science 46: 7253-7261. Eassa, N., Murape, D.M., Coetsee, E., Swart, H.C., Venter, A. & Botha, J.R. 2011. Chalcogen based treatment of InAs with saturated Renovated main building of the Boyden Observatory. (NH4)2SO4,. Surface Science 605: 994-999. 158

Department of Physics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences characterization ofSr J.J. &Swart,H.C.2011.Cathodoluminescencepropertiesandsurface Nagpure, I.M.,Pitale,S.S.,Coetsee,E.,Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.,Terblans, 2544-2551. and CLdegradationofcombustionsynthesizedsphericalSiO O.M., Terblans, J.J.&Swart,H.C.2011.Luminescenceresponse Nagpure, I.M.,Pitale,S.S.,Tshabalala,K.G.,Kumar,V., Ntwaeaborwa, 257: 10147-10155. and magneticpropertiesofMn Msomi, J.Z.,Abdallah,H.M.I.,Moyo, T. &Lancok,A. 115(36): 17625-17632. temperature andZnOincorporation. K.T. 2011.EffectsofCe Mhlongo, G.H.,Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.,Dhlamini,M.S.,Swart,H.C.&Hillie, Scientific Research2(1):135-144. silicon pn-junctiondiodeThermometer.InternationalJournalof Luhanga, P.V.C. &Ocaya,R.O.2011.AnInexpensive direct-reading Deformation. MetalsandMaterialsInternational17(4):671-677. Induced SofteningofCopperandMolybdenumforHighStrainRate Kroon, R.E.,Cronjé,S.,Roos,W.D. &CloeteT.J. 2011.Annealing- Luminescence 131:1249-1254. of Eu Ntwaeaborwa, O.M.,Godbole,S.V. &Swart,H.C.2011.Dependence Nagpure, I.M.,Dhoble,S.J.,Mahapatra,M.M.,Kumar,V., 24:711-715. Nanoparticles. JournalofSuperconductivityandNovel Magnetism of Pr Ryba-Romanowski, W. &Hillie,K.T. Mhlongo, G.H.,Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.,Swart,H.C.,Kroon,R.E.,Solarz,P., phosphors. CurrentAppliedPhysics11:341-345. intensity onEu Hillie, K.T. 2011.Dependenceofphotoluminescence(PL)emission Mhlongo, G.H.,Dhlamini,M.S.,Swart,H.C.,Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.& Journal ofAlloys andCompounds509:2986-2992. ablated SrAl different gasatmospheresonluminescentpropertiesofpulsedlaser Nsimama, P.D., Ntwaeaborwa, O.M.&Swart,H.C.2011.Theeffectof nanophosphor. MaterialsResearchBulletin46:2359-2366. characterization ofCe Koao, L.F., Swart,H.C.&Dejene,F.B. 2011.Synthesisand Astronomical Society418:437-443. X-ray lightcurves ofHerculesX-1. MonthlyNoticesoftheRoyal Jurua, E.,Charles,P.A., Still,M.&Meintjes,P.J. 2011.Theopticaland rings. ThermochimicaActa 525:9-15. and degradation-kineticsofanovel polyester containingbithiazole He, W., Jiang,Y.Y., Luyt,A.S.,Ocaya,R.O.&Ge,T.J. 2011.Synthesis South AfricaInstituteofMiningandMetallurgy111(3):187-191. Monte CarlosimulationofPt-Althinfilmdiffusion. Harris, R.A.,Terblans, J.J.,Swart,H.C.&Van derLingen,E. Y synthesized Sr the CathodoluminescenceintensityofSiO 2011. Luminescenceinvestigations onLiAl Pitale, S.,Kumar,V., Nagpure,I.,Ntwaeaborwa,O.M. &Swart,H.C. 32: 1155-1161. bandgap usingconstantcurrentdata.The Ocaya, R.O.&Luhanga,P.V.C. 2011.Afreshlookatthesemiconductor server. JournalofNetwork andComputerApplications 34:1408-1415. mentation foraphysicallaboratoryusinglow costembeddedweb Ocaya, R.O.2011.Aframework forcollaborative remoteexperi- 119-125. XRD, MagneticandMössbauerSpectralStudiesofAg Msomi, J.Z.,Moyo, T., Abdallah,H.M.I.,Strydom, A.M.&Britz,D.2011. Journal ofMagnetismandMagneticMaterials323:471-474. 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ 3+ luminescencedynamicsonthestructureofcombustion 3+ activatedSiO nanophosphors. OpticalMaterials33:1495-1499. 2 O 5 4 (PO :Eu 3+ andZnOconcentrationsinY 2+ 4 ) ,Dy 3 F host.JournalofAlloys andCompounds509: 3 3+ (PO 3+ 3+ dopedsilica(SiO concentration,beamvoltage andcurrenton thinfilms.JournalofLuminescence131: 2 4 nanophosphor onPr ) 2 :Tb phosphor.AppliedSurfaceScience x 2011.Luminescencedependence Co Journal ofPhysicalChemistryC, 1-x Fe 2 ) nanoparticles.Journalof 2 European PhysicalJournal 2 O :Pr 4 5 ferritenanoparticles. O 3+ 8 -Ce :Tb 2 3+ O 2011.Structural x 3+ concentration, 3+ Ni 3 :Eu nanocrystalline nanophosphor. 1−x Journal 3+ Fe andZnO. 2 O 4 2011. Ferrite of the 2 :Ce

temperature onintensegreenemittingNa Shinde, K.N.,Nagpure,I.M.,Fulke, A.B.&Dhoble, S.J. 41:107-113. Reactivity inInorganicMetal-OrganicandNano-MetalChemistry Society 412:1721-1729. B1259−63/SS 2883.MonthlyNoticesoftheRoyal Astronomical from theBestaroninverse Comptongamma-rayproductioninPSR Van Soelen,B.&Meintjes,P.J. 2011.Theeffectoftheinfraredexcess 10115-10120. activates ZnAl2O4phosphor.JournalofAlloys andCompounds509: using AugerandX-ray photoelectronspectroscopy onLiSrBO cathodoluminescence stabilityandsurfacechemicalbehaviour J.J. &Swart,H.C.2011.Investigations onthelow voltage Pitale, S.,Nagpure,I.M.,Kumar,V., Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.,Terblans, Journal ofAppliedPhysics109(1):Article013105,8pages. Between Ce Shinde, K.N.,Nagpure,I.M.&Dhoble,S.J.2011.EnergyTransfer Astrophysical Journal735(2):85pages. of FullPhysicalandOrbitalParametersaGravitationalBinaryLens Williams, A.&Woller, K.2011.Ogle-2005-Blg-018:Characterization K.R., Sahu,K.C.,Snodgrass,C.,Steele,I.,Vinter,Wambsganss, J., Martin, R.,Meintjes,P.J., Menzies,J.,Mottram,C.,Naylor,T., Pollard, Horne, K.,Jorgensen,U.G.,Kane, S.R.,Kubas,D.,Marquette,J.B., D.D., Donatowicz, J.,Fraser,S.N.,Greenhill,Hill,K.,Hoffman,M.J.H., Cook, K.H.,Corrales,E.,Coutures,C.H.,Desort,N.,Dieters,S.,Prester, Bode, M.,Bramich,D.M.,Brillant,S.,Burgdorf,Calitz,H.,Cassan,A., B.G., Pogge, R.W., Albrow, M.D.,Allan,A.,Beaulieu,J.P., Bennett,D.P., Wyrzykowski, L.,Depoy, D.L.,Dong,S.,Gaudi,B.S.,Lee,C.U.,Park, Kubiak, M.,Szymanski,M.K.,Pietrzynki,G.,Soszynski,I.,Ulaczyk,K., Shin, I.G.,Udalski,A.,Han,C.,Gould,Dominik,M.,Fouque,P., phosphor. MaterialsResearchBulletin46:987-994. Poster presentedatthe56 S:Eu Phosphorby EthanolAssistedCombustion SynthesisMethod. Ali, A.G.,Dejene,B.F. &Swart,H.C.2011.PreparationofNanoY Conferences contributions Studies ofCombustion-synthesizedBlue-green BaAl Bem, D.B.,Dejene,F.B., Luyt,A.S.&Swart,H.S. 12-16 July.pp.8-13. African InstituteofPhysics(SAIP2011), UNISA, Pretoria,SouthAfrica. chemical changesonthesurfaceofZnAl 2011. Luminescencecharacterizationandelectronbeaminduced Pitale, S.,Kumar,V., Nagpure,I.,Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.&Swart,H.C. study. Proceedingsofthe56 M.J.H. 2011.Investigation ofSulphurdiffusioninbulkIron–ADFT Barnard, P.E., Terblans, J.J.,Swart,H.C.,Anderson,B.G.&Hoffman, Pretoria, SouthAfrica.12-16July.pp.14-19. Conference oftheSouthAfricanInstitutePhysics(SAIP2011),UNISA, properties andX-ray photoelectronstudyofCe R.E., Swart,H.C.&Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.2011.Luminescence Tshabalala, K.G.,Cho,S.,Park,J.K.,Pitale,Nagpure,I.M.,Kroon, Royal AstronomicalSociety410:1813-1824. J01054−7253 intheSmallMagellanicCloud.MonthlyNoticesof solution andspectralclassificationofthehigh-massX-ray binaryIGR Soelen, B.,Bartlett,E.S.,Drave, S.P. &Udalski,A. Bird, A.J.,Schurch,M.P.E., Haberl,F., Sturm,R.,Pathak,D.,Van Townsend, L.J.,Coe,M.J.,Corbet,R.H.D.,McBride,V.A., Hill,A.B., Luminescence 26:363-367. Auger electronspectroscopy study.Proceedingsofthe56 M.J.H. 2011.DeterminingthebulkconcentrationofSinFe-S:A Barnard, P.E., Terblans, J.J.,Swart,H.C.,Anderson,B.G.&Hoffman, Institute ofPhysics,Unisa,Pretoria,SouthAfrica.12-16July. characterization ofbluish-whitenanocrystallineLiAl & Swart,H.C.2011.Cathodoluminescentpropertiesandsurface Pitale, S.,Kumar,V., Nagpure,I.M.,Coetsee,E.,Ntwaeaborwa,O.M. phosphor. AppliedSurfaceScience257:3298-3306. 3+ andEu 2+ inDopedSr th AnnualconferenceoftheSouthAfrican th AnnualConferenceoftheSouth 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F Phosphor.Synthesisand 2 Ca(PO 2 O 4 2011.Luminescence : Mnnanocrystalline 4 2011.Theorbital )F:Mn 3+ 5 2011.Effectof O andTb 8 :Tb phosphor. x 2+ O phosphor. y :Eu th Annual 2+ 3+ 3 :Sm ,Dy co- 2 O 3+ 3+ 2 .

Nanoparticles. Poster presented at the 4th South African Conference of the South African Institute of Physics (SAIP2011), UNISA, Pretoria, on Photonic Materials (SACPM 2011), Kariega Game Reserve, Port South Africa. 12-16 July. pp. 121-126. Elizabeth, South Africa. 2-6 May. Dejene, F.B. & Kebede, M.A. 2011. Synthesis and photoluminescence Annual Report 2011 3+ th Bem, D.B., Swart, H.C. & Luyt, A.S. 2011. Temperature-Dependence properties of CaSixOy:Tb . Proceedings of the 56 Annual Conference of the Structural and Afterglow Luminance Properties of Polymer/ of the South African Institute of Physics (SAIP2011), UNISA, Pretoria, 159 2+ 3+ th South Africa. 12-16 July. pp. 74-78. SrAlxOy:Eu ,Dy Composites. Poster presented at the 4 South African Conference on Photonic Materials (SACPM 2011), Kariega Dhlamini, M.S., Mhlongo, G.H., Swart, H.C., Ntwaeaborwa, O.M. & Hillie, Game Reserve, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. 2-6 May. K.T. 2011. Concentration effect of Tm3+ on cathodoluminescence properties of SiO :Tm3+ and SiO :Ho3+,Tm3+ systems. Paper delivered Botha, J.R., Godbole, M., Miya, S., Olivier, E.J., Coetsee, E., Swart, H.C. 2 2 at the 4th South African Conference on Photonic Materials (SACPM & Neethling, J.H. 2011. Interlayer Correlations in InSb Self-Assembled 2011), Kariega Game Reserve, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. 2-6 May. Nano-Dot Multilayers. Poster presented at the 4th South African Conference on Photonic Materials (SACPM 2011), Kariega Game Dolo, J.J., Dejene, F.B., Terblans, J.J., Ntwaeaborwa, O.M. & Swart, Reserve, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. 2-6 May. H.C. 2011. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and characterization of Gd2O2S:Tb3+ phosphor powder. Proceedings of Cronjé, S., Roos, W.D., Kroon, R.E. & Asante, J.K.O. 2011. Die invloed the 56th Annual Conference of the South African Institute of Physics van verdamping op die segregasieproses. Paper delivered at the (SAIP2011), UNISA, Pretoria, South Africa. 12-16 July. pp. 79-84. 11th Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns – Student Dolo, J.J., Swart, H.C., Terblans, J.J., Coetsee, E. & Ntwaeaborwa, O.M. Symposium, Unisa, Pretoria, South Africa. 27-28 October. 2011. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy analysis for degraded and Cronjé, S., Roos, W.D., Kroon, R.E. & Asante, J.K.O. 2011. Measuring 3+ undegraded Gd2O2S:Tb phosphor thin films. Poster presented at the effect of surface evaporation on the segregation process. the 4th South African Conference on Photonic Materials (SACPM 2011), th Proceedings of the 56 Annual Conference of the South African Kariega Game Reserve, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. 2-6 May. Institute of Physics (SAIP2011), UNISA, Pretoria, South Africa. 12-16 Duvenhage, M.M., Ntwaeaborwa, O.M. & Swart, H.C. 2011. Blended July. pp. 68-73. thin films of tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (Alq3) embedded Dejene, F.B. & Kebede, M.A. 2011. Synthesis and characterization in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Proceedings of the 56th Annual of BaxMgyAl2 O4:Eu,Dy nanophosphors prepared using solution – Conference of the South African Institute of Physics (SAIP2011), UNISA, combustion method. Proceedings of the 56th Annual Conference Pretoria, South Africa. 12-16 July. pp. 85-89. 160

Department of Physics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences deposition method.Proceedingsofthe56 characterization ofPbSnanostructuresusingthechemicalbath Koao, L.F., Dejene,F.B. &Swart, H.C.2011.Synthesisand 12-16 July.pp.111-115. African InstituteofPhysics(SAIP2011),UNISA,Pretoria,SouthAfrica. LiMn & Roos,W.D. 2011. Jafta, C.J.,Ozoemena,K.I.,Fashedemi,O.O.,Mathe,M.K.,Kebede, M. Centre, CapeTown, SouthAfrica.4-8September. Congress (6SCWC):ScienceAcross Cultures,CapeTown Science Cu(111/110) bi-crystal.Poster presentedatthe11 Jafta, C.J.,Roos,W.D. &Terblans, J.J.2011.Sbsegregationina 12-14 September. South Africa-JapanWorkshop onFuelCells,CapeTown, SouthAfrica. Using theModifiedPechini Method.Poster presentedatthe220 Conference (6 of nanofluoridesdopedwithLn Gusowski, M.A.&Swart,H.C.2011.Spectroscopicstudies Reserve, Port Elizabeth,SouthAfrica.2-6May. Conference onPhotonicMaterials(SACPM 2011),Kariega Game Poster presentedatthe6 CEM), Halkidiki,Porto Carras,Greece.18-23 September. address delivered attheXVICongressofEuropeanMycologists (XVI auspices oftheEuropeanMycological Association.Invitedkeynote for Mycology: Coetsee, E.&Van Wyk,P.W.J. 2011.AnewImagingNanotechnology Kock, J.L.F., Swart,C.W., Pohl, C.H.,Ncango,D.M.,Swart,H.C., Africa. 12-16July.pp.151-155. South AfricanInstituteofPhysics(SAIP2011),UNISA,Pretoria, Li[Li M. &Roos,W.D. 2011.Microwave-assisted Pechini Synthesisof Jafta, C.J.,Ozoemena,K.I.,Fashedemi,O.O.,Mathe,M.K.,Kebede, Center, Boston,Massachusetts,USA.9-14October. Energy Summit,Westin BostonWaterfront Convention andExhibition Electrochemical Society(ECS)Meetingwiththe Material forLithiumIonBatteries.Poster presentedatthe1 at the4 exposure andphotondegradationofAlq3powders. Duvenhage, M.M.,Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.&Swart,H.C.2011.UV and environment.Paperdelivered atthe6 P. Hoffman, M.J.H.,Van Jaarsveldt, D.P., Van Heerden,H.J.&Lamusse, Pretoria, SouthAfrica.12-16July.pp.100-104. Conference oftheSouthAfricanInstitutePhysics(SAIP2011),UNISA, crystal. Proceedingsofthe56 Factors ExtractedfromtheSegregationProfilesofaCu(111/110)Bi- 2011. TheSurfaceOrientationDependenceofthePre-Exponential Jafta, C.J.,Roos,W.D., Terblans, J.J.,Asante,J.K.O.&Ozoemena,K.I. Garden, SaintPetersburg, Russia.3-7October. Nanostructures (ASCIN’2011Symposium),Sokos HotelOlympia Conference onAtomicallyControlledSurfaces,Interfacesand combustion method.Proceedingsofthe56 Fotondegradasie van Alq Duvenhage, M.M.,Swart,H.C.&Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.2011. 2011), Kariega GameReserve, Port Elizabeth,SouthAfrica.2-6May. Nanostructured HighVoltage Li[Li M. &Roos,W.D. 2011.Physico-electrochemicalPropertiesof Jafta, C.J.,Ozoemena,K.I.,Mathe,M.K.,Fashedemi,O.O.,Kebede, decomposition oforganicprecursors.Proceedingsthe56 NaYF Gusowski, M.A.&Swart,H.C.2011.Quantumcuttingeffectin South Africa.12-16July.pp.90-94. of theSouthAfricanInstitutePhysics(SAIP2011),UNISA,Pretoria, characterization ofagreenCaAl Foka, K.E.,Dejene,F.B. &Swart,H.C.2011.Synthesisand Unisa, Pretoria,SouthAfrica.27-28October. Afrikaanse AkademievirWetenskap enKuns–StudentSymposium, 2011.Boyden Observatory andScienceCentre:ourheritage 0.2 1.5 4 :Pr Mn Ni th 0.5 3+ 0.54 SouthAfricanConferenceonPhotonicMaterials(SACPM nanocrystals. Poster presentedatthe4 O 4 Ni th Obtained inthePresenceofCarbonNanotubes 0.13 IC-ARMS), VictoriaFalls,Zimbabwe. 11-16December. Nanotechnology discovery inBiologyunder the Co Physico-electrochemical PropertiesofDisordered 0.13 ] O 3- th 2 CathodeMaterialforLithiumIonBattery. AfricaMaterialsResearchSocietyBiennial poeiers. Paperdelivered atthe11 th AnnualConferenceoftheSouth x O y :Tb 3+ 0.2 synthesizedviathermal Mn 3+ th phosphorusingsolution 0.54 AnnualConferenceofthe th Ni ScienceCentreWorld th 0.13 AnnualConference Co th Paper delivered th 0.13 SouthAfrican International ]O 2 th Cathode th Annual st Suid- Joint th

levels oflanthanideionsinsilica.Proceedingsthe56 with differentrareearthions.Poster presentedatthe4 Indicator ofnovel antifungals.Paperdelivered atthe4 Swarts, J.C.,Pohl, C.H.,Ncango,D.M.&Kock, J.L.F. Maartens, M.M.M.,Swart,H.C.,Coetsee,E.,C.,Van Wyk,P.J.W., Belgium. 19-20September. Workshop onPersistent Phosphors,Dominican Monastery;Ghent, Luminescence fromCeinsol-gelSiO Nagpure, I.M.,Gusowski, M.A.,Botha,J.R.&Swart,H.C Kroon, R.E.,SeedAhmed,H.A.A.,Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.,Koao, L.F., Pretoria, SouthAfrica.12-16July.pp.162-167. Conference oftheSouthAfricanInstitutePhysics(SAIP2011),UNISA, presented atthe56 at the11 Maritz, J.&Meintjes,P.J. 2011.LuisternadieHeelal.Paperdelivered October. en Kuns–StudentSymposium,Unisa,Pretoria,SouthAfrica.27-28 In/Cu thinfilmsdepositedontoSiO Madito, M.J.,Swart,H.C.&Terblans, J.J.2011.AESandXRDstudyof Societies (FEMS2011),Geneva,Switzerland.26-30June. European Microbiologists:TheFederationofMicrobiological (Ba Mothudi, B.M.2011.Synthesisandphotoluminescencestudieson Lephoto, M.A.,Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.,Swart,H.C.,Botha,J.R.& Game Reserve, Port Elizabeth,SouthAfrica.2-6May. African ConferenceonPhotonicMaterials(SACPM 2011),Kariega Poster presentedatthe11 Maritz, J.2011.ArduinoenMATLAB maakwetenskaplike kontak. African InstituteofPhysics,Unisa,Pretoria,SouthAfrica.12-16July. ions. Poster presentedatthe56 B.M. 2011.SynthesisandcharacterizationofBaAl Lephoto, M.A.,Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.,Swart,H.C.,Botha,J.R.&Mothudi, Kariega GameReserve, Port Elizabeth,SouthAfrica.2-6May. South AfricanConferenceonPhotonicMaterials(SACPM 2011), Kroon, R.E.,SeedAhmed,H.A.A.&Gusowski, M.A.2011. 2011), World ExpoCenter,Dalian,China.25-30April. presented atthe4 Wyk, P.W.J. 2011. Kock, J.L.F., Swart,C.W., Swart,H.C.,Coetsee,E.,Pohl, C.H.&Van Center, China.9-11August. Master DrugDiscovery Chemistry,BeijingInternationalConvention Pr O.M. 2011.SensitizingEffectsofZnOQuantumDotsonRed-emitting Mbule, P.S., Mhlongo, G.H.,Pitale,S.S.,Swart,H.C.&Ntwaeaborwa, Symposium, Unisa,Pretoria,SouthAfrica.27-28October. O.M. 2011.SynthesisandcharacterizationofBaAl Lephoto, M.A.,Pitale,S.S.,Mothudi,B.M.,Swart,H.C.&Ntwaeaborwa, of Physics,Unisa,Pretoria,SouthAfrica.12-16July. Poster presentedatthe56 Wet ChemistryRoute.Proceedingsofthe56 Low Temperature SynthesisofZnOnanoparticlesandNanorodsvia Mbule, P.S., Mhlongo, G.H.,Swart,H.C.&Ntwaeaborwa,O.M. Reserve, Port Elizabeth,SouthAfrica.2-6May. Conference onPhotonicMaterials(SACPM 2011),Kariega Game K.T. 2011.TheinfluenceofPr Mhlongo, G.H.,Dhlamini,M.S.,Ntwaeaborwa, O.M.,Swart,H.C.&Hillie, South Africa.12-16July.pp.174-178. of theSouthAfricanInstitutePhysics (SAIP2011),UNISA,Pretoria, at theBIT’s2 Nanotechnology discovery inBiology.Invitedkeynote delivered P.W.J. 2011.AnewImagingNanotechnologyforDrugDevelopment: Kock, J.L.F., Swart,C.W., Pohl, C.H.,Swart,H.C.,Coetsee,E.&Van Wyk, with differentrareearthions.Paperdelivered atthe1 coefficients fromInthinfilmsbombardedby differentenergyAr Madito, M.J.,Swart,H.C.&Terblans, J.J.2011.Ionsputteringyield Institute ofPhysics,Unisa,Pretoria,SouthAfrica.12-16July. 3+ 1-x -doped SiO Sr x )Al th 2 Suid-AfrikaanseAkademievirWetenskap enKuns O 4 nd : Eu 2 AnnualInternationalConferenceofMedichem2011: Phosphor.Poster presentedatthe4 th 2+ A NewNanotechnologyforBiology.Invitedlecture th World CongressofIndustrialBiotechnology(IBIO- ; Nd AnnualconferenceoftheSouthAfricanInstitute 3+ th preparedby combustionmethod.Poster th Suid-AfrikaanseAkademievirWetenskap AnnualconferenceoftheSouthAfrican 3+ co-dopingonthephotoluminescence th AnnualconferenceoftheSouth 2 by electronbeamevaporation. 2 . Paperdelivered atthe4 th AnnualConference 2011.Lipomyces: 2 2 O O 4 4 th :Eu :Eu st SouthAfrican th International The impurity 2+ 2+ Congress of co-doped co-doped th . 2011. th Annual South 2011. th +

3+ 3+ and cathodoluminescence properties of SiO2:Eu /Tb . Proceedings Institute of Physics (SAIP2011), UNISA, Pretoria, South Africa. 12-16 of the 56th Annual Conference of the South African Institute of Physics July. pp. 249-253. (SAIP2011), UNISA, Pretoria, South Africa. 12-16 July. pp. 186-192. Ndlovu, G.F., Asante, J.K.O., Roos, W.D., Mwakikunga, B.W. & Hillie, Mhlongo, G.H., Dhlamini, M.S., Ntwaeaborwa, O.M., Swart, H.C., K.T. 2011. Showcasing the unprecedented resolution of the variable Kroon, R.E. & Hillie, K.T. 2011. Effects of ZnO and Ce3+ incorporation temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Paper delivered at the on the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence intensity of 49th Annual Conference of the Microscopy Society of Southern Africa 3+ th Pr doped SiO2. Proceedings of the 56 Annual Conference of the (MSSA 2011), CSIR Convention Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, South African Institute of Physics (SAIP2011), UNISA, Pretoria, South Pretoria, South Africa. 5-9 December. Africa. 12-16 July. pp. 179-185. Ndlovu, G.F., Asante, J.K.O., Roos, W.D., Mwakikunga, B.W. & Hillie, Mhlongo, G.H., Dhlamini, M.S., Ntwaeaborwa, O.M., Swart, H.C., K.T. 2011. Variable temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy Kroon, R.E., Solarz, P., Ryba-Romanowski, W. & Hillie, K.T. 2011. study of Sb growth on copper (111) surfaces. Paper delivered at the 3+ Effects of ZnO and Ce incorporation on the photoluminescence and 49th Annual Conference of the Microscopy Society of Southern Africa cathodoluminescence intensity of Pr3+ doped SiO . Paper delivered at 2 (MSSA 2011), CSIR Convention Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, the 56th Annual conference of the South African Institute of Physics, Pretoria, South Africa. 5-9 December. Unisa, Pretoria, South Africa. 12-16 July. Noto, L.L., Pitale, S.S., Gusowki, M.M., Terblans, J.J., Ntwaeaborwa, Mhlongo, G.H., Dhlamini, M.S., Ntwaeaborwa, O.M., Swart, H.C., O.M. & Swart, H.C. 2011. Enhancement of Pr3+ red emission by Solarz, P., Ryba-Romanowski, W. & Hillie, K.T. 2011. The influence of adding In3+ as co-dopant in CaTiO :Pr3+ phosphor. Proceedings of Pr3+ co-doping on the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence 3 the 56th Annual Conference of the South African Institute of Physics properties of SiO :Eu3+/Tb3+. Paper delivered at the 56th Annual 2 (SAIP2011), UNISA, Pretoria, South Africa. 12-16 July. pp. 254-257. conference of the South African Institute of Physics, Unisa, Pretoria, South Africa. 12-16 July. Noto, L.L., Pitale, S.S., Terblans, J.J., Ntwaeaborwa, O.M. & Swart, H.C. 2011. Surface chemical changes of CaTiO :Pr3+ upon electron Moleme, P.A., Dolo, J.J., Swart, H.C. & Ntwaeaborwa, O.M. 2011. 3 th 3+ beam irradiation. Paper delivered at the 4 South African Conference Optical properties of SrGa2S4:Ce thin films prepared by pulsed reactive cross laser ablation (PRCLA) technique. Proceedings of on Photonic Materials (SACPM 2011), Kariega Game Reserve, Port the 56th Annual Conference of the South African Institute of Physics Elizabeth, South Africa. 2-6 May. (SAIP2011), UNISA, Pretoria, South Africa. 12-16 July. pp. 198-202. Ntwaeaborwa, O.M., Zhou, R., Qian, L., Pitale, S.S., Xue, J., Swart, Mothudi, B.M., Lephoto, M.A., Ntwaeaborwa, O.M., Botha, J.R. & H.C. & Holloway, P.H. 2011. Post-fabrication annealing effects Swart, H.C. 2011. Thermoluminecence and structural properties of on the performance of P3HT:PCBM solar cells with/without ZnO 2+ 3+ 3+ nanoparticles. Paper delivered at the 4th South African Conference BaAl2O4:Eu ,Nd ,Gd phosphors prepared by combustion method. Poster presented at the 4th South African Conference on Photonic on Photonic Materials (SACPM 2011), Kariega Game Reserve, Port Materials (SACPM 2011), Kariega Game Reserve, Port Elizabeth, South Elizabeth, South Africa. 2-6 May. Africa. 2-6 May. Ocaya, R. & Katashaya, S. 2011. A Low-cost Embedded Web- Mothudi, B.M., Ntwaeaborwa, O.M., Botha, R. & Swart, H.C. 2011. Server for an Institutional e-Learning Strategy. Proceedings of the 2+ 3+ 3+ rd Luminescent properties of CaAl2O4:Eu ,Dy ,Nd phosphors 3 International Conference on Electronics Computer Technology prepared by combustion method. Paper delivered at the 1st (ICECT), Hotel Singaar International, Kanyakumair, India. 8-10 April. International Workshop on Persistent Phosphors, Dominican V1: 59-63 . Monastery; Ghent, Belgium. 19-20 September. Olivier, A.P.S., Swart, H.C., Coetsee, E., Swart, C.W., Van Wyk, P.W.J., Mothudi, B.M., Ntwaeaborwa, O.M., Dhlamini, M.S. & Swart, H.C. 2011. Schoombie, S.W., Pohl, C.H. & Kock, J.L.F. 2011. NanoSAM investigates 2+ 3+ th Luminescent properties of Ba(1-x)Mg(x)Al2O4:Eu ,Dy prepared by smart spore movement. Poster presented at the 4 Congress of combustion method. Paper delivered at the International Conference European Microbiologists: The Federation of European Microbiological on Nanomaterials & Nanotechnology (ICNANO 2011), Conference Societies (FEMS 2011), Geneva, Switzerland. 26-30 June. Centre, University of Delhi, Delhi, India. 18-21 December. Oruru, B. & Meintjes, P.J. 2011. Pulsar-like hard X-ray emission in Mothudi, B.M., Ntwaeaborwa, O.M., Kumar, A., Sohn, K. & Swart, AE aquaria. Proceedings of the 56th Annual Conference of the South H.C. 2011. Phosphorescence and thermoluminescence properties African Institute of Physics (SAIP2011), UNISA, Pretoria, South Africa. Annual Report 2011 of SrAl O :Eu2+,Re3+ (Sm3+,Dy3+) phosphors prepared by solid 2 4 12-16 July. pp. 501-506. state reaction method. Poster presented at the 4th South African 161 Conference on Photonic Materials (SACPM 2011), Kariega Game Oruru, B. & Meintjes, P.J. 2011. Spectroscopy of the Pulsar-like White Reserve, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. 2-6 May. Dwarf AE Aquarii from Chandra and Swift XRT Data. Proceedings of the Fast X-ray Timing and Spectroscopy at Extreme Count Rates Murape, D.M., Eassa, N., Neethling, J.H., Betz, R., Coetsee, E., Swart, Conference, Chameéry, Switzerland. 7-11 February. Published in the H.C., Botha, J.R. & Venter, A. 2011. Treatment for GaSb surfaces using 4 Proceedings of Science: PoS(HTRS 2011)063. a sulphur blended (NH4)2S / (NH4)2S0 solution. Poster presented at the 4th South African Conference on Photonic Materials (SACPM 2011), Oruru, B. & Meintjes, P.J. 2011. X-ray timing and spectral analyses of Kariega Game Reserve, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. 2-6 May. the unusual magnetic cataclysmic variable AE aquaria. Proceedings of the 56th Annual Conference of the South African Institute of Physics Nagpure, I.M., Pitale, S.S., Coetzee, E., Ntwaeaborwa, O.M., Terblans, (SAIP2011), UNISA, Pretoria, South Africa. 12-16 July. pp. 507-512. J.J. & Swart, H.C. 2011. Low voltage electron beam induced degradation and surface chemical changes of Zn3(PO4)2:Tb phosphor. Pitale, S.S., Moleme, P.A., Ntwaeaborwa, O.M. & Swart, H.C. 2011. Proceedings of the 56th Annual Conference of the South African Investigation on ageing characteristics and identification of surface 3+ Institute of Physics (SAIP2011), UNISA, Pretoria, South Africa. 12-16 chemical changes on SrGa2S4:Ce display phosphor under electron July. pp. 232-237. beam bombardment. Poster presented at the 4th South African Ndlovu, G.F., Asante, J.K.O., Roos, W.D. & Hillie, K.T. 2011. Conference on Photonic Materials (SACPM 2011), Kariega Game Investigation of broken symmetry of Sb/Cu(111) surface alloys by VT- Reserve, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. 2-6 May. STM. Proceedings of the 56th Annual Conference of the South African Pitale, S.S., Nagpure, I.M., Ntwaeaborwa, O.M. & Swart, H.C. 2011. Institute of Physics (SAIP2011), UNISA, Pretoria, South Africa. 12-16 Alkali and alkaline earth metal ion doped Zn3(VO4)2 phosphor July. pp. 243-248. synthesized via citrate-gel combustion route for white light emitting Ndlovu, G.F., Asante, J.K.O., Roos, W.D. & Hillie, K.T. 2011. The devices. Paper delivered at the 4th South African Conference on decoration of vicinal copper polycrystalline surfaces by Antimony. Photonic Materials (SACPM 2011), Kariega Game Reserve, Port Proceedings of the 56th Annual Conference of the South African Elizabeth, South Africa. 2-6 May. 162

Department of Physics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences a Cubi-crystalusingAES.Poster presentedatthe11 Roos, W.D., Jafta,C.J.&Terblans, J.J.2011.Measuringsegregationon Shandong, China.13-16May. luminescent SiO at the4 Kock, J.L.F. 2011.Anovel nanotechnologyforyeast. Poster presented Swart, C.W., Swart,H.C.,Coetsee,E.,Pohl, C.H.,Van Wyk,P.J.W. & Unisa, Pretoria,SouthAfrica.12-16July. Proceedings ofthe56 SrAl 2011. Surfacecharacterizationandluminescentpropertiesof Swart, H.C.,Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.,Nsimama,P.D. &Terblans, J.J. Devices, MarriottResortWaikoloa, Hawaii,USA.11-15December. The InternationalConferenceonNanostructuredMaterialsand by XPSinluminescentSiO at the1 voltage cathodoluminescenceapplications.Invitedpaperdelivered voltage cathodoluminescenceapplications.Proceedingsofthe1 the 56 phosphor preparedviacombustionprocess.Poster presentedat J.J. &Swart,H.C.2011.PromisingZn Pitale, S.S.,Noto,L.L.,Nagpure,I.M.,Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.,Terblans, China. 13-16May.pp.306-307:251-254. International CongressonAdvanced Materials,JinanCity,Shandong, Sr J.J. &Swart,H.C.2011.PromisingZn Pitale, S.S.,Noto,L.L.,Nagpure,I.M.,Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.,Terblans, Nanocrystals. Poster presentedatthe2 2011. UltravioletstudiesandQuantumcuttingeffectinNaYF Swart, H.C.,Gusowski, M.A.,Terblans, J.J.& Ntwaeaborwa,O.M. Department ofPhysics,ShantouUniversity, China.18May. mechanism forphosphordegradation.Invitedpaperdelivered atthe Swart, H.C.2011.Electronstimulatedsurfacechemicalreaction 26-30 June. European MicrobiologicalSocieties(FEMS2011),Geneva,Switzerland. Synthesis andphotoluminescencepropertiesofTb Shaat, S.K.K.,Roelofse,F., Swart,H.C.&Ntwaeaborwa,O.M. Pretoria, SouthAfrica.12-16July.pp.280-284. Conference oftheSouthAfricanInstitutePhysics(SAIP2011),UNISA, Swart, H.C.2011.EffectofannealingontheCe Seed Ahmed,H.A.A.,Roos,W.D., Kroon,R.E.,Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.& Africa. 2-6May. Materials (SACPM 2011),Kariega GameReserve, Port Elizabeth,South the 1 photoluminescence propertiesofTb Shaat, S.K.K.,Swart,H.C.&Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.2011.Synthesisand July. pp.285-290. Institute ofPhysics(SAIP2011),UNISA,Pretoria,SouthAfrica.12-16 properties ofSrAl F.B. &Terblans, J.J.2011.Surfacecharacterizationandluminescent Swart, H.C.,Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.,Nsimama,P.D., Kroon,R.E.,Dejene, Game Reserve, Port Elizabeth,SouthAfrica.2-6May. African ConferenceonPhotonicMaterials(SACPM 2011),Kariega 2011. EffectofannealingontheCe Seed Ahmed,H.A.A.,Kroon,R.E.,Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.&Swart,H.C. Garden, SaintPetersburg, Russia.3-7October. Nanostructures (ASCIN’2011Symposium),Sokos HotelOlympia Conference onAtomicallyControlledSurfaces,Interfacesand O.M. 2011.Electronstimulatedsurfacechemicalreaction mechanism Swart, H.C.,Terblans, J.J.,Nagpure,I.M.,Pitale, S.S.&Ntwaeaborwa, Monastery; Ghent,Belgium.19-20September. & Kroon,R.E.2011.5D3 Seed Ahmed,H.A.A.,Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.,Gusowski, M.A.,Botha,J.R. 12-16 July. of theSouthAfricanInstitutePhysics,Unisa,Pretoria,Africa. Poster presentedatthe4 0.5 2 Zn O st 4 InternationalWorkshop onPersistent Phosphors,Dominican th 0.5 :Eu st AnnualconferenceoftheSouthAfricanInstitutePhysics, th Al InternationalCongressonAdvanced Materials,JinanCity, 2+, Congress ofEuropeanMicrobiologists:TheFederation 2 O Dy 4 phosphorpreparedviacombustionprocess. 3+ 2 :Ce. Poster presentedatthe56 nano thinfilms.Poster presentedatthe4 2 O 4 :Eu th 2+ AnnualConferenceoftheSouthAfrican 7FJ emissionofTbdopedsol-gelsilica. ,Dy th SouthAfricanConferenceonPhotonic 2 :Ce. Proceedingsofthe56 3+ nano thinfilms.Paperdelivered at 3+ 3+ 3 3 /Ce Ta Ta -doped SrZnAl 2 2 O O 4+ nd 8 8 ratiomeasuredby XPSin :Pr :Pr NanoToday Conference: 3+ 3+ 3+ redphosphorforlow redphosphorforlow /Ce th Annualconference 4+ 2 O ratiomeasured th 4 nano crystals International th 3+ Annual th -doped 2011. South 4 :In 3+ st

of SrAl Mothudi, B.M.2011.PLandCLdegradationcharacteristics Terblans, J.J.,Swart,H.C.,Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.,Kroon,R.E.& Shandong, China.13-16May. converting LuminescencepropertiesofCe Ntwaeaborwa, O.M.2011.EnhancedgreenemissionfromUVdown- Tshabalala, K.G.,Cho,S.H.,Park,J.K.,Nagpure,I.M.,Swart,H.C.& Kariega GameReserve, Port Elizabeth,SouthAfrica.2-6May. on thepropertiesofblueCaAl 58 phosphors. Poster presentedattheAVS (AmericanVacuum Society) films togrow PtAl Terblans, J.J.,Harris,R.A.&Swart,H.C.2011.UtilizingPt-Althin China. 13-16May. International CongressonAdvanced Materials,JinanCity,Shandong, Tb at the1 Wako, A.H.,Dejene,F.B. &Swart,H.C.2011.EffectofEu 272: 636-637. University ofCentralLancashire,Preston, UK.5-9September.pp. Union (IAU)Symposium(SED2011):SpectralEnergyDistribution, and criticallimits.ProceedingsoftheInternationalAstronomical B1259-63/SS2883, ActiveOBstars:structure,evolution, massloss, of theinfraredexcessfromBe-typestarinbinarysystemPSR Van Soelen,B.&Meintjes,P.J. 2011.-rayproductionviaICscattering Historical Building,Catalonia,Spain.27June–1July. Energy PhenomenainRelativisticOutflows III(HEPROIII),Barcelona circumstellar discinPSRB1259-63.Poster presentedattheHigh Van Soelen,B.&Meintjes,P.J. 2011.Anisotropicscatteringfromthe (SAIP2011), UNISA,Pretoria,SouthAfrica.12-16July.pp.338-342. for phosphordegradation.Invitedpaperdelivered atthe1 O.M. 2011.Electronstimulatedsurfacechemicalreactionmechanism Swart, H.C.,Terblans, J.J.,Nagpure,I.M.,Pitale,S.S.&Ntwaeaborwa, May. pp.306-307:238-241. Congress onAdvanced Materials,JinanCity,Shandong,China.13-16 Poster presentedatthe1 of Ce R.E., Swart,H.C.&Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.2011.Luminescenceproperties Tshabalala, K.G.,Cho,S.,Park,J.K.,Pitale,S.S.,Nagpure,I.M.,Kroon, Game Reserve, Port Elizabeth,SouthAfrica.2-6May. African ConferenceonPhotonicMaterials(SACPM 2011),Kariega Polyethylene Glycol. Poster presentedatthe4 synthesis andcharacterizationofZnOnanoparticlesusing Tshabalala, M.A.,Dejene,B.F. &Swart,H.C. Africa. 12-16July.pp.343-347. South AfricanInstituteofPhysics(SAIP2011),UNISA,Pretoria, H.C. &Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.2011.LuminescencepropertiesofCe Tshabalala, K.G.,Cho,S.H.,Park,J.K.,Pitale,S.S.,Kroon,R.E.,Swart, Centre, Nashville,Tennessee, USA.30October–4November. emission fromUVdown-converting Ce Botha, J.R.,Swart,H.C.&Ntwaeaborwa,O.M.2011.Enhancedgreen Tshabalala, K.G.,Cho,S-H.,Park,J.K.,Nagpure,I.M.,Neethling,J.H., 26-27 May. Materials ResearchSocietyofKorea Symposium(MRS-Korea), Korea. CaAl Wako, A.H.,Dejene,F.B. &Swart,H.C.2011.Propertiesofblueemitting Phosphors, DominicanMonastery;Ghent, Belgium.19-20September. ZnAl the 4 the 56 pyrrolidone (PVP)encapsulatedZnOnanoparticles.Proceedingsof characterization oftheZnOnanoparticlesandpolyvinyl Tshabalala, M.A.,Dejene,F.B. &Swart,H.C.2011.Synthesisand Reserve, Port Elizabeth,SouthAfrica.2-6May. Conference onPhotonicMaterials(SACPM 2011),Kariega Game for phosphordegradation.Proceedingsofthe1 3+ th InternationalSymposiumandExhibition,NashvilleConvention co-activated ZnAl 2 2 3+ O th O 4 th SouthAfricanConferenceonPhotonicMaterials(SACPM 2011), 4 andTb 2 :Eu phosphor.Proceedingsofthe56 O st AnnualConferenceoftheSouthAfricanInstitutePhysics InternationalCongressonAdvanced Materials,JinanCity, 4 :Eu 2+ , Dy 2+, 3+ Dy 3+ co-activated ZnAl phosphorsby optimizingtheamountoffluxand 3+ 3 microstructureparticles.Invitedpaperdelivered phosphors.Poster presentedatthe4 2 O 4 st phosphors.Poster presentedatthe InternationalWorkshop onPersistent 2 O 4 :Eu 2 O 2+ 4 , Nd phosphor.Poster presentedat 3+ th 3+ 3+ /Tb AnnualConferenceofthe longafterglow phosphor. 2011.Low temperature andTb 3+ co-activated ZnAl th 3+ SouthAfrican st co-activated International 2+ andNd th South 2 3+ O 3+ st / 4 fuel. Poster presented at the 1st International Workshop on Persistent of the South African Institute of Physics (SAIP2011), UNISA, Pretoria, Phosphors, Dominican Monastery; Ghent, Belgium. 19-20 September. South Africa. 12-16 July. pp. 354-359. Wako, A.H., Dejene, F.B. & Swart, H.C. 2011. Synthesis and Wessels, L.A.L., Swart, H.C. & Terblans, J.J. 2011. Molekulêre dinamika- Characterization of Structural and Luminescent properties of simulasie van die vorming van Platinum-nanodeeltjies. Paper 2+ 3+ 3+ th long afterglow CaAl2O4:Eu ,Nd ,Dy phosphors by solution – delivered at the 11 Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns combustion technique. Proceedings of the 56th Annual Conference – Student Symposium, Unisa, Pretoria, South Africa. 27-28 October.

Annual Report 2011 Contact details Academic staff 163

Prof. Hendrik Swart Main Campus Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Professors: Profs Hendrik Swart, Koos Terblans, Pieter Meintjies Department of Physics University of the Free State Associate Professors: Profs Wiets Roos, Matie Hoffman, Martin PO Box 339 Ntwaeaborwa Bloemfontein Senior Lecturer: Dr Ted Kroon South Africa Researcher: Ms Lisa Coetzee 9300 QwaQwa Campus Telephone: +27 51 401 2926 Associate Professors: Prof Francis Dejene Fax: +27 51 401 3507 E-mail: [email protected] Senior Lecturers: Dr Justice Msomi, Mr Richard Ocaya Website: www.ufs.ac.za/physics Lecturers: Dr Moses Mothudi, Mr Jappie Dolo 164

Department of Zoology and Entomology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences variety offishparasites.Somethe ergasilidparasitesthat We examinedanumber of fishspeciesandcollecteda Staff fromthereserve assisted uswiththefishcollection. survey totheDeMondNatureReserve andHeuningnes River. During 30Marchto8April2011we conductedthesecond Aquatic ecology Industries inSemi-aridRegions. the ClusterconcerningTechnologies forSustainableCrop Areas attheUFS,whilstProf.SchalkLouwparticipatesin of theClusterforWater ManagementinWater Scarce Departmental Chairperson,isalsoinvolved inactivities and AgriculturalSciencestheUFS.Prof.JovanAs, within thestrategicprioritiesofFacultyNatural Campus. Thegroupsdo,however, sharecommongoals There isalsoasatellitedepartmentontheQwaQwa each withitsown objectives andspecificstudyarea. The departmentisorganizedintoeightresearchgroups, Overview Zoology andEntomology “The departmentisorganizedintoeightresearch and specificstudyarea.Thereisalsoasatellite department ontheQwaQwaCampus.” groups, eachwithitsown objectives Department of Master studiesandobtainedtheirdegrees cumlaude. Josef MöllerandAndriGrobbelaar bothcompletedtheir Students field laboratoriesaswe have donefortheLake collections. From timetoitisnecessarymake useoftemporary in Lake Xuathatwasfloodedforthefirsttimein40years. surveys we followed theBotetiRiver andcollectedplankton where we alsocollectedfish.AttheendofAugust the floodplainsofNxamaseriandinfloodedLake Ngami We alsodidfollow-up surveys andcollectedplanktonin the Instituteonfishparasites. (Kamutjonga InlandFisheries)andpresentedaWorkshop at part oftheOkavangoSysteminNamibiawithstafffromKIFI During August2011we didacombinedfieldtriptotheupper completed attheendof2011.(ImagesDeMond1-4.) we collectedformedpartofanhonoursproject,whichwas – Prof.JovanAs 18 166

Department of Zoology and Entomology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences attended by membersof the Arachnologygroup.The10 During thecourseofyear, two congresseswere the activitypatternsoftrapdoorspiders. with emphasisontheeffectsoflunarphasesandrainfall extensive pitfallstudyontheground-dwelling arachnids, biodiversity inthecentralFreeState.Healsoconductedan Botanical Gardensaspartoflong-termsurveys ofspider dwelling spiderbiodiversity attheFreeState National Mr Jan-AndriesNeethlingcompletedastudyoftheplant- examination earlyin2012. for hisown Ph.D.study.Heintendstosubmithisfor valuable materialformolecularstudiesandlocalityrecords have generallybeenpoorlysampledinthepast,providing allowed Haddadtocollectspidersinpartsofthecountrythat most diverse insouthernAfricaandMadagascar.Thistrip and biologyofassassinspiders(Archaeidae),whichare thesis investigating thetaxonomy, molecularphylogeny State Provinces. MsWood iscurrentlyworking onherPh.D. on afieldtripintheEasternCape,KwaZulu-Natal andFree San Francisco,DrCharlesGriswold andMsHannahWood, researchers fromtheCaliforniaAcademy ofSciencesin During January2011MrHaddadaccompaniedtwo Researcher) andMrJan-AndriesNeethling(Honoursstudent). The groupconsistsofMrCharlesHaddad(Lecturerand Arachnology near Mokgopong(Naboomspruit)in Limpopoandwasjointly Colloquium oftheAfricanArachnological Societywasheld Prof. JovanAs fish intheOkavangodelta(Botswana). intertidal fishparasitesaswell asparasitesof Parasitology.He ispresentlyinvestigating An areaofintrestProf.JovanAsisinFish th

Dr CandiceJansenVan Rensburgtakingsamples attheBakwena Cave. Staff of Cape Nature assisting students at the De Mond Nature Reserve.

hosted by the ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute and Mr Hennie Butler (Ph.D.) and Ms Zianca Nolté (Hons.) the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History in Pretoria. focused on the soil-eating behaviour (enzootic geophagy) Several papers and posters were presented by Mr Haddad of antelopes in semi-arid regions, while Ms Elsabé Coetzee and his students. The UFS and National Museum will jointly aims to investigate enzootic geophagy occurrence amongst host the next Colloquium at the Amanzi Private Game domestic animals. Ms Nadine Jacobs (M.Sc.) investigated Reserve near Brandfort in 2014. Several papers and posters behavioural differences between geographical races of on Arachnology were also presented at the 17th Congress of the southern sable antelope and Mr Phillip Olivier (M.Sc.) the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, which was commenced with a study on dominance behaviour asso- Annual Report 2011 ciated with different colour variations in springbok popu- jointly hosted by the UFS and the National Museum on the 167 UFS campus. lations. Mr Roe Wiid (M.Sc.) researched the extent of problem hyrax populations in urban areas in the southern Free State as well as possible mitigation methods.

Eco-ethology Research carried out by Mr Savvas Vrahimis (Ph.D.) and Ms Two members of the academic staff, Mr Hennie Butler and Lindi Heyns (M.Sc.) entailed a combination of behavioural Ms Lindi Heyns, work within the Eco-ethology research biology and conservation genetics. Mr Vrahimis, associated group, actively combining teaching and research. Together with the Free State Department of Tourism, Environmental with seven postgraduate students, they form a study group and Economic Affairs, continued to research aspects of the that encourages inter-disciplinary research through a ecology, behaviour and genetic status of black wildebeest, combination of laboratory and field science. whereas Ms Heyns completed her study on behavioural and genetic aspects of blesbok and bontebok in the Free State. The Eco-ethology group pursues basic research in the field of behavioural biology and ecology, but also includes diverse areas Ms Andri Erasmus (M.Sc.) conducted fieldwork in Botswana such as the anatomy, physiology, natural and evolutionary where fish was collected from the Okavango River and history, taxonomy, conservation, management and economics examined for parasitic flukes that occur in the eyes and brain. of animals. Projects under way by group members mainly Through behavioural experiments she aims to determine how focused on applied questions in wildlife management of various the parasites influence the behaviour of the host. Concerning antelope species during 2011, but studies were also carried out carnivores, Ms Michelle van As (M.Sc.) continued to investigate on fish, felines and small mammals as study animals. the activity patterns of leopard in Lydenburg. 168

Department of Zoology and Entomology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Mr ButlerandMsZiancaNoltéattendedthe1 camera traps. instantaneous scansamplingmethodologyandsetting field techniquesusedtoinvestigate animalbehaviour,e.g. The studentsgainedproactive skillspertainingtothevaried animal behaviourwasdiscussedaroundaninvitingcampfire. Reserve tookplaceduringearlyspring.Nearlyevery topicon The annualhonours-classexcursion totheSandveld Game MrC.Haddad(Lecturer; ParttimePh.D.studentin  Research group:Insectson 1. New CropsProgram(INCroP) Research group:Insectson South Africa,between 10and14October2011. Wildlife RanchingSymposium(IWRS)heldinKimberley, presentation atthe7thsessionofInternational were delivered. MsNadineJacobsalsodelivered anoral from 19to21October2011wherethreeoralpresentations held attheCentralUniversity ofTechnology, Bloemfontein International ConferenceonGeophagiainSouthernAfrica, Conference onClaysandClayMineralsinAfricathe2 New CropsProgram(INCroP) Prof. S.v.d.M.Louw(Leader) Arachnology) Prof JoVan AsandpostgraduatestudentsatDeMondNatureReserve. st International nd

InFebruaryaninvitedlectureonTheimpactofbiodiversity  Reviewofactivitiesandhighlights 2. MrR.duPreez(M.Sc.student–fulltime)  MsL.Theron(M.Sc.studentparttime)  MsA.Grobler(M.Sc.student–parttime)  MrB.Muller(M.Sc.student-parttime)  MrDeV. Fourie(Ph.D.student-fulltime)  MrV. Swart(Juniorlecturer;ParttimePh.D. studentin  Throughout theyear therewasparticipationinthe  WhilstintheWestern CapeinApril,avisitwaspaidto   InAprilProf.Louwparticipatedinthe3rdYear Environmental Management) Specific expertisewasprovided undertheauspicesof for SustainableCropIndustriesin Semi-aridRegions. activities ofUFSAcademic Cluster4:Technologies similar workshop intheWestern Capein2012. (ESSA) attheUFSinJuly.Thiswillbefollowed upwith a Congress oftheEntomologicalSocietySouthernAfrica kicked offby hostingaworkshop duringthe17th soil ecologyandhealthwasinitiated.Collaboration of Stellenboschduringwhichcollaborative researchon the CentreforInvasionBiology(CIB)atUniversity and DeHoop(Western Cape). as well asthe3rdYear Zoologyfieldexcursion to Potberg Entomology fieldexcursion toHogsback(EasternCape), was presentedfortheUFSHealth&Wellness Centre.

Staff of KIFI and UFS students attending a parasite workshop.

cluster regarding pest management on new crops and 200 delegates, two first-time workshops that were arthropod soil ecology. In terms of soil ecology research presented as Farmers Day and Soil Invertebrates and Soil seven sites containing a range of cultivated composts Health, and three plenary addresses that were presented and cotton, maize, wheat and amaranth field crops have by eminent speakers from Rhodes University, the been sampled in the Free State, North West and Northern University of Stellenbosch and the Netherlands Institute Cape Provinces and analyses of mesofaunal species of Ecology in Wageningen. Noteworthy was that staff assemblages were conducted. Progress regarding this members and students of the Department delivered 21 work was presented as an annual report at a seminar of presentations. Annual Report 2011 the cluster in November.  Upon invitation the 21st Symposium on Advances in 169  Co-operative research on navel orangeworm survival on Technology and Soilborne Plant Diseases, hosted at the pistachio (with Green Valley Nuts, Prieska) and temporal ARC - Vredenburg Research Centre, Stellenbosch in and spatial composition of arboreal insects along the September, was attended. Omaruru River, Namibia (with Polytech University of  Namibia, Windhoek) was continued and both projects As Executive Committee member of the Arid Zone th were completed. Ecology Forum (AZEF) Louw attended the 13 Symposium of AZEF in Nieuwoudtville (Northern Cape)  In collaboration with the North West Province in October. A paper on mesofauna soil ecology was also Department of Agriculture a project was initiated for presented. M.Sc. student R. du Preez. The project involves an investigation into the effect of additives to the soils of amaranth cultivations on soil mesofauna and their 3. Postgraduate students delivered interactions. This work is conducted at different sites  Anel Grobler, M.Sc. in Entomology: Survival of the with soils of different composures, i.e. Potchefstroom navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Leidoptera: (clay) and Taung (sand). Pyralidae) on pistachio in South Africa (Louw as  Prof. Louw was the chairperson of the Organizing Supervisor). Committee of the 17th Congress of the Entomological  Louise Theron, M.Sc. in Entomology: Temporal and Society of Southern Africa that was hosted at the UFS spatial composition of arboreal insects along the in July. Highlights included participation by more than Omaruru River, Namibia (Louw as Supervisor). 170

Department of Zoology and Entomology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Falko Buschke, MastersinEnvironmentalManagement:  CasperBenecke, M.Sc.inPlantBreeding:Theexpression  Ian Cloetea3 M.Sc. students:JacoSaaimanandAndrévanRooyen; andMr The groupconsistsofMrVaughn Swart(JuniorLecturer); Environmental entomology2011 and environmentalagriculture Integrated pestmanagement Congress of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa. Congress oftheEntomologicalSociety ofSouthernAfrica. day workshop wasorganized by MrSwartaspartofthe17 a thirdyear entomologystudent’s year project.Afarmer’s aforementioned students’M.Sc.degrees andthelatterwas The firsttwo projectswere inpartialfulfilmentofthe application ofaknock-down agentwithinpecannutorchards. at thearthropodrecovery rateandsuccessionfollowing the of pesticidesbasedonafieldtrial,andMrIanCloetelooked of apesticideadjuvanttoincreasethepenetrationability an orchard,MrVan Rooyen testing thepenetrationability insects asindicatorsofwhatspeciesfungiispresentin Research, during2011,involved MrSaaimaninvestigating System (SAGraSS) (LouwasCo-supervisor). the development oftheSouthAfricanGrasslandScoring A communityanalysisofgrasslandarthropodfaunafor (Louw asCo-supervisor). obtectus (Bruchidae)inSouthAfricandrybeancultivars and inheritanceofresistancetoAcanthoscelides Prof. JovanAsandAndriGrobbelaarshowing someoftheplanktonthatwascollectedinLake Ngami,Botswanatothelocalchildren. rd Year B.Sc.Agric.student. th in theefficacyofpesticide;however fieldtrialswillbe were conducted.Theadjuvant showed slightimprovements improve thepenetration ofpesticides.During2011fieldtrials showed thatunder controlledconditionstheadjuvantcan time ofpesticides.Previouslyisolated trialsinthelaboratory specific adjuvantiscapableofshorteningthepenetration Mr Van Rooyen proceededwith trials todetermineifa research forhisMaster’sdegree. project thatcontinuesinto2012andispartofJacoSaaiman’s pecan orchards.Thiswork formspartofanongoingresearch insects fromwhichfungalpathogenscouldoriginatewithin stinkbug. Thiswillhighlightthealternative sourcesbesides and thephylospherewithfungiassociatedpowdery the occurrenceoffungiindifferentnichessuchassoil,air have economicalimplications.Furthermoretocompare and alsotoidentifypossiblefungalpathogensthatmight on theinsectswithinapecanorchardthroughoneseason aim wastodeterminethesuccessionoffungioccurring powdery stinkbug)withinthesamepecanorchard.The collection ofAteloceraraptoria(Hemiptera:Pentatomidae, Cluster 4forthisproject.Thisincludedthesuccessive in anorchard.Fundinghasbeenreceived fromTheStrategic use insectsasindicatorsofwhatspeciesfungiispresent Mr Saaiman’saimwastodeterminewhetheritispossible resistance, nematodesandthecontroversial GMO’s. recent developments inmycotoxins, biologicalcontrol,tick on anarrayoftopics,whichincludedinsectsandmycotoxins, far astheEasternCapeandresearchersabetterperspective Speakers fromvariousinstitutionsgave bothfarmersfromas followed up to support evidence of improvement for efficacy In May 2011, Dr Jansen van Rensburg and Ms Mobara attended of pesticides. the Nematological Society of Southern Africa conference at Stellenbosch. Dr Jansen van Rensburg presented a paper on Mr Swart has been associated with SAPPA (South African nematodes from the Bakwena Cave, South Africa. Pecan Producers Association) since 1998. SAPPA has donated annually for research purposes for 2009, 2010 and During the year a number of fieldtrips were undertaken to 2011. Recent discussion is still being focused around the the Bakwena Cave and one preliminary trip in October 2011, establishment of a potential statutory levy for research. In to the Seekoeivlei Nature Reserve. addition to this research, pertaining to the false codling In November 2011, Ms H. Pretorius (née Landman) submitted moth and carob moth, funding has been provided by Insect Science and BayAgro for a two year project which has her M.Sc. dissertation. already commenced. Pesticide Resistance Testing and Research Facility consists of During March Mr Swart was approached by Mr Kobus Mss Ellie van Dalen (Lecturer & Researcher) Christa du Rand Rossouw, Hoopstad, Free State, South Africa, as a result of (Professional officer), Annemarie van Heerden (Honours a potential stem borer resistance on Bt Maize. Mr Swart was student and laboratory assistant), Sharon Terry, Octavia accompanied by Dr Lean van der Westhuizen to investigate Motlogeloa and Mr Adri Jordaan (part time M.Sc. students). the problem. It was reported that the stem borer was found Tick resistance development against chemical control and not to be causing any significant damage to maize. methodology to obtain accurate information on resistance profiles in different areas of South Africa were still our main Medical, veterinary, forensic focus during 2011. One of the test methods, Adult Immersion testing, was re-evaluated as part of the honours project entomology and agricultural of Ms Annemarie van Heerden and valuable information on the validity of results obtained under certain collection entomology and pre-testing conditions was generated. Collaboration Prof. Theuns van der Linde retired at the end of September with pharmaceutical companies providing chemical control 2011. remedies to address the problem of resistance development was also re-established to be able to continue the challenge of implementing adequate tick control management strategies Nematology and the monitoring thereof. For this purpose meetings with This research group consists of Dr Candice Jansen van Corné Mostert from Virbac, Centurion and Dr Clinton Austen Rensburg (Lecturer and Researcher), Ms H. Pretorius (M.Sc.) of Bayer, Isando were conducted at the end of May where a and Ms Ayesha Mobara (M.Sc.) few strategies were discussed to encourage producers to also Currently research in this group is focused towards plant take responsibility in the slowing down and prevention of parasitic and free-living nematodes occurring in the resistance development against chemical control. Free State Province, and also a continuing project on the A visit to Dr Christine Maritz of the Genetics Department at Bakwena Cave in Irene, South Africa. The study group the University of Pretoria was made during the last week of is currently working on nematodes from wetlands, with November to establish possible collaboration with regards Annual Report 2011 work being carried out at the Seekoeivlei Nature Reserve, to molecular determination of resistance development and near Memel in the Free State Province. The Seekoeivlei the correlation to field resistance profiles. Possible research 171 wetland is situated in the north eastern corner of the Free projects for 2012 were discussed of which the practical State Province and is the largest on the southern African implications will be investigated further during 2012. Highveld. It also has a high conservation priority since it lies in one of the tributaries of the Vaal River which provides Mr Whitey Jordaan, while working at ClinVet International, water to the highly industrialized and densely populated concluded the writing up of his dissertation on Species Gauteng Province. The area supports an assemblage of rare, composition and geographical distribution of ixodid ticks vulnerable or endangered species of plants and animals. It (Acari: Ixodidae) in Free State Province, South Africa which is also suspected that a wide diversity of nematodes will be was distributed for evaluation on 30 November. Mss Sharon found here and thus this project was initiated. Information Terry also working at ClinVet International and Octavia regarding nematodes from wetlands in South Africa has Motlogeloa, working as a Clinical Data Coordinator at been understudied for a number of years and Ms Mobara Quintiles South Africa, both part time M.Sc. students, did will use information gathered from this study for her M.Sc. not manage to complete the final draft of their dissertations dissertation. on the comparative taxonomy of four morphological Dr Jansen van Rensburg sent Ms Mobara on a two week very similar ticks from the Rhipicephalus genus and the intensive short course in Nematology at the North West management strategies and development of resistance to University during the July recess period. This course covered chemical control by the blue tick Rhipicephalus decoloratus, areas such as collection, fixation and identification of plant in the Graham’s Town Area in time for evaluation, but plan to parasitic nematodes. hand the dissertations in during mid 2012. 172

Department of Zoology and Entomology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Staff information QwaQwa Campus (South Africa)Area.Supervisor:Van Dalen,E.M.S.P. blue tickRhipicephalusdecoloratus,intheGraham’sTown and development ofresistancetochemicalcontrolby the Motlogeloa, B.O.O.O.Dissertation:Managementstrategies supervisor: Van Dalen,E.M.S.P. Free StateProvince, SouthAfrica.Supervisor:Horak,I.G.Co- geographical distributionofixodid ticks(Acari: Ixodidae) in Jordaan, A.J.Dissertation:Speciescompositionand Horak, I.G.Co-supervisor:Van Dalen,E.M.S.P. of fourIxodes (Acari:Ixodidae) tickspecies.Supervisor: Terry, S.Dissertation:ATaxonomic descriptionofallstages M.Sc. –Zoologystudents scent thatcomesrushinginthrough your windows inspring, morning, thebeautifulflowers inyour gardenandthatlovely it, honey–thatsweet stuff you spreadonyour toastthis and facilitatoroftheworkshop, said.“Cometothinkof “Not allinsectsarebad”,MrEmileBredenhand, theorganizer each playanecologicalrolewhetherornotbeneficialtoman. most ofusdon’tknow isthatasdiverse astheyare, insects them abadimageandtheirgoodsideisoverlooked. What 750 000describedtodate,butmost,ifnotall,carrywith than halfofalltheEarth’sorganismsareinsectswithover “The beautiful,theugly,gracefulandbounty.”More Entomology workshop 2011–K.Mtshali Lecturer 1. DrMMOThekisoeSenior Professional Service 11. MrJ.MabenaOfficer. Professional Service 10. MsM.P. SitholeOfficer. Researcher 9. DrA.M.TsotetsiAffiliated Researcher 8. DrM.S.MtshaliAffiliated Lecturer 7. MsM.Van AsJunior Permanent Lecturer Permanent 6. MsH.J.M.MateteJunior M.Sc. Lecturer 5. MrE.Bredenhand Ph.D. 4. MrJ.vanAsLecturer 3. DrM.LeetoLecturer Lecturer 2. DrA.leRouxSenior Name ofStaffmemberand Designation hD P Ph.D. Technology Diploma: Vet Nat. Technology and Management Contract Office B.Tech: Contract Ph.D. Ph.D. Contract B.Sc. Hons Permanent Permanent B.Sc. Hons M.Sc. Permanent Ph.D. Qualification Permanent Permanent Appointment ermanent Type of part oftrainingfortheirstaff. National ZoologicalGardensofSouthAfrica,PretoriaZooas will beheldinassociationwithourvery goodpartnersthe workshop wassuchasuccessthatlateragainanotherone pinning andafewwould bepreserved forfutureuse.The to make theirown collectionwhichwould laterbeusedin Malais traps,pantrapsetc.Everyone wasgiven achance such asnetting,lighttrapping,baitpitfalltraps, inactive methodsofinsectcollectionwere demonstrated, the lectureswere fieldexercises wheredifferentactive and from theLifeSciencesdivisionofUFSQwaQwa.Inbetween Gate NationalPark,lecturers,underandpostgraduates supervisor fromCedaraCollegeofAgriculture,Golden with thepresenceofscientists,conservationinternsandtheir insects inparksandassociatedinstitutions.We were graced their projectsandtocreateawarenessinmanagementof Entomology studentsachancetocollectmoreinsectsfor stalagmites andstalactites.We continuedourtouratthe the mostamazingformationsthat grow inthecaves, the back. Thestudentsalsogottosee andlearnaboutsomeof death ofonethedivers fromWitsUniversity someyears allowed togodiving thereanymoreduetotheunfortunate which no-onereallyknows thedepthofsinceno-oneis caves. We alsogottoseethelake thatrunsunderthecaves excavation ofanotherfossilthathasbeendiscovered inthe discovered and/ordisplayed thereaswell astheongoing how thecaves were discovered, allthefossilsthatwere guided tourofthecaves andabitofhistorywere given on their evolution intomodernhumans.We were thengiven a how lifeonearthbegan,whatearlyhumanslooked like and saw allsortsofdisplaysabouthow theearthwasformedand The nextdaywe visitedtheSterkfonteinCaves. There we Animal Kitchen. Research andConservation,theVeterinary Hospitalandthe the studentswere given aguidedtourofthezoo’sCentrefor more thangrateful)forthedurationofourstay.Onarrival, stay attheNationalZoologicalGardens(towhomwe are university busandheadedtoPretoria.We were booked to final year Zoologystudentsandstaffmembers,tookthe On Monday3rdOctober2011,23ofus,includingthe and Maropeng–L.Mabe Zoological Gardens,SterkfonteinCaves The 2011excursions atNational of ZoologyandEntomologyaswell astogive the2 newly developed Entomologyprograminthedepartment was aimedatattractingundergraduatestudentstothe The workshop heldonthe25th-26thofFebruary2011 of insectsaswell astheirrolesinotherspheres. control agentsandgave adetailedtaxonomic classification of deadorganicmatter,theirroleasbio-indicatorsandbio- pests andpollinators,inforensicsciences,therecycling and medicallyimportantdiseases,inagricultureasnatural insects inparasitologyasparasitesandvectors ofveterinary As gave lecturesthatparticularlystressedtheimportanceof of thatisoftenignored.”MrBredenhandandJohannvan to mentionjustafew,canallbeattributedinsects,but nd year talks on proposed projects and progress reports of research that will be submitted in fulfillment of their degrees. The opening and welcoming speech was given by Mr Bredenhand who together with Ms Sithole, had organized the day.

The day was separated into four sessions with Honours students as chairpersons. Now, we all know how nerve- wracking the whole experience of having to defend your work on foreign ground is. At least this time we were at home and we had all the ammunition and had to use it to our advantage.

During the lunch break the Bloemfontein students and staff were shown the departments, laboratories and the museum as most, if not all, have never set foot on our picturesque QwaQwa campus and I must say they were impressed, especially at the quality of work that comes from our not so The 3rd year evolution excursion at Marupeng and Sterkforntein big a department. It was a great honour for us to host this caves and the National Zoolgical Gardens very successful event. It took a lot of preparation, dedication and effort from both staff and students. The rest of the day was to be wrapped up at the Basotho Cultural Village where the year-end function and honouring of the speakers for the Cradle of Humankind, Maropeng, where we learned more day were to take place. The best Junior (Honours) presenter about early life and the evolution of humans. We ended was Ruaan Schlebusch of the Bloemfontein campus and the tour on a high note with a “boat ride” that took us the best senior (M.Sc. and Ph.D.) award was awarded to Ms through the different eras of life and showed us the exciting Lerato Mabe from our QwaQwa campus. movements of the tectonic plates and erupting volcanoes. Dr Oriel Thekisoe, the host speaker for the day (Departmental This was followed by a string of games and displays on Head and Subject Coordinator, QwaQwa Campus) welcomed extinction and evolution and a collection of fossils of the once again our guests and congratulated the speakers early hominids. for a job well done and then later gave an insightful The 2011 postgraduate seminar day and presentation on Trypanosoma titled: Development of Loop- mediated isothermal Amplification towards molecular year-end party – K. Mtshali diagnosis of trypanosomosis in the field. The talk revealed For the first time ever the Department of Zoology & how manipulation of biological samples combined with Entomology QwaQwa Campus hosted the postgraduate technology and brilliance could bring about change in seminars and year-end function on the 17th of November underdeveloped countries threatened with the burden of 2011. This event is usually held at the main campus, where the diseases such as trypanosomosis and how to troubleshoot young scientists of both campuses have to jointly showcase the problem of costly diagnosis into cost effective, specific what they have been doing throughout the year for their and rapid diagnosis which can be achieved in the field with Honours, Master’s and Doctoral degree projects. This includes the use of just a simple incubator. Annual Report 2011 173

Students attending the 2011 Postgraduate Seminar Day and year- end party. 174

Department of Zoology and Entomology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Journal ofVeterinary Research78(1):Article41,9pages. (1988 –2002).III:Thelesscommonlycollected species. off thevegetation oftwo landscapezones intheKrugerNationalPark The dynamicsofquestingtickscollected for164consecutive months Gallivan, G.J.,Spickett, A.M.,Heyne,H.,Spickett, A. &Horak,I.G.2011. Afrotropical Region.Zookeys 95:1-28. web spidergenusCalommata Fourie, R.,Haddad,C.R.&Jocqué,R.2011.Arevisionofthepurse- Africa 66:170-201. Biome inSouthAfrica.TransactionsoftheRoyal SocietyofSouth faunistic diversity ofspiders(Arachnida,Araneae ) oftheSavanna Foord, S.H.,Dippenaar-Schoeman,A.S.&Haddad,C.R.2011.The 53(1058): 1-10. Mkambathi NatureReserve, EasternCape, SouthAfrica. annotated checklistofthespiders(Arachnida:Araneae) Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S.,Hamer,M.&Haddad,C.R.2011.An Herpertological Review42(3):369-371. Confirmed AmphibianChytridinmountMulanjearea,Malawi. Conradie, W., Harvey, J.,Kotze, D.L.&Cunningham,M.J. Araneae). AfricanJournalofEcology49:301-310. leaf litterofthreetreespeciesincentralSouthAfrica( Butler, V.P. &Haddad,C.R.2011.Spiderassemblagesassociatedwith 28(2): 57-63. province, SouthAfrica.AfricanJournalofRangeandForageScience trophic structureinanendangeredgrasslandtheFreeState annual variationofarthropod-plantinteractionsandarthropod Buschke, F., Kemp, M.,Seaman,M.&Louw,S.vdM. 2011.Intra- Vertebrate Paleontology 31(6):1238-1254. Erythrosuchus fromtheKaroo BasinofSouthAfrica.Journal archosauromorphs Botha-Brink, J.&Smith,R.M.H.2011.OsteohistologyoftheTriassic Triassic SouthAfricanKaroo Basin.Palaeontology 54:591-606. therocephalian synapsidOlivierosuchusparringtonifromtheLower Botha-Brink, J.&Modesto,S.P. 2011.Anewspecimenofthe obtectus). CropProtection(Inpress). with increasedresistancetocommonbeanweevil (Acanthoscelides inbred linesandbackcross breedingasmethods todevelop lines Beneke, C.,Labuschagne,M.T. &Louw,S.v.d.M.2011.Recombinant Journal ofParasitology 97:389-398. new speciesofIxodes (Acari: Ixodidae) fromSouthAfricanmammals. Apanaskevich, D.A.,Horak,I.G.,Matthee,C.A.&S.2011.A Research articles Prolacerta, Lucas, 1837(Araneae:Atypidae)inthe Proterosuchus, Euparkeria and Onderstepoort Onderstepoort Arachnida: 2011. Koedoe Research Outputs African Invertebrates of jumpingspidersfromcentralSouthAfrica(Araneae:Salticidae). Haddad, C.R.&Wesolowska, W. 2011.Newspeciesandnewrecords Diseases 5:e1249. mediated isothermalamplification(LAMP).PLoSNeglectedTropical sensitivity ofAfricantrypanosomesinhumanCSFandbloodby loop- Gibson, W. &Dumler,J.S. Grab, D.J.,Nikolskaia, O.V., Inoue,N.,Thekisoe,O.M.M.,Morrison,L., B.J. 2011.Mixed Theileriainfectionsinfree-rangingbuffaloherds: Pienaar, R.,Potgieter, F.T., Latif,A.A.,Thekisoe,O.M.M.&Mans, prey-specialization. JournalofArachnology 39: 133-138. elegans ( Pekar, S.&Haddad,C.R.2011.Trophicstrategyofant-eating Mexcala Research 78(1):Article243,3pages. Cape province, SouthAfrica.OnderstepoortJournalofVeterinary 2011. Ticksonpasturesandtwo breeds ofcattleintheEastern Nyangiwe, N.,Goni,S.,Hervé-Claude, L.P., Ruddat,I.&Horak,I.G. Research 109:1735-1739. samples collectedfromcattleinMararegion,Tanzania. Trypanozoon specificLAMPwithconventional PCRtests usingthe of theprevalencetrypanosomeinfectionestimatedby amodified A., Goto,Y., Kawazu, S.,Sugimoto,C.&Inoue,N.2011.Comparison Laohasinnarong, D.,Thekisoe,O.M.M.,Malele,I.,Namangala,B.,Ishii, experimentally infecteddogs.Veterinary Parasitology 177:111-118. efficacy ofmilbemycin oxime againstpre-adult Kok, D.J.,Schenker, R.,Archer,N.J.,Horak,I.G. & Swart,P. 2011.The Article 243,3pages. hedgehogs. OnderstepoortJournalofVeterinary Research N. 2011.Ticksoffour-toedelephantshrewsandSouthernAfrican Horak, I.G.,Welman, S.,Hallam,S.L.,Lutermann,H.&Mzizilikazi, Onderstepoort JournalofVeterinary Research78(1):Article32,10pages. I: Total ticks,Amblyomma hebraeumandRhipicephalusdecoloratus. of two landscapezonesintheKrugerNationalPark(1988–2002).Part questing tickscollectedfor164consecutive monthsoffthevegetation Horak, I.G.,Gallivan,G.J.&Spickett, A.M.2011.Thedynamicsof sengi Elephantulusmyurus.JournalofParasitology 97:1012-1016. bovis inanundescribedtickspeciescollectedfromtheeasternrock Harrison, A.,Bown, K.J.&Horak,I.G.2011.DetectionofAnaplasma Corinnidae). AfricanInvertebrates 52:345-352. sp. n.,thefirstAfromontanerepresentative inthegenus( Haddad, C.R.,Neetling,J.A.&Lyle, R.2011.Spinotrachelasmontanus Araneae: Salticidae):Lookingforevidenceofevolution of Department ofZoologyandEntomology 52: 51-134. 2011.Usingdetergenttoenhancedetection Spirocerca lupiin Parasitology Araneae: 78(1):

Implications for diagnosing Theileria parva infections in Cape buffalo Society of Southern Africa (ESSA), University of the Free State, (Syncerus caffer). Parasitology 138: 884-895. Bloemfontein, South Africa. 3-6 July. p. 3. Pienaar, R., Potgieter, F.T., Latif, A.A., Thekisoe, O.M.M. & Mans, Buschke, F., Kemp, M., Louw, S.v.d.M. & Seaman, M.T. 2011. The South B.J. 2011. The Hybrid II assay: A sensitive and specific real-time African Grassland Scoring System (SAGraSS): An Arthropod based hybridization assay for the diagnosis of Theileria parva infection in habitat integrity index for grasslands. Proceedings of the XVII Congress Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and cattle. Parasitology 138: 1-10. of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa (ESSA), University of Smith, R.M.H. & Botha-Brink, J. 2011. Morphology and composition the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 3-6 July. p. 18. of bone-bearing coprolites from the Late Permian Beaufort Group, Butler, V.P. & Haddad, C.R. 2011. Spider assemblages associated Karoo Basin, South Africa. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, with leaf litter of three tree species in central South Africa Palaeoecology 312: 40-53. (Arachnida: Araneae). Paper delivered at the 10th Colloquium of the Spickett, A.M., Gallivan, G.J. & Horak, I.G. 2011. The dynamics African Arachnological Society (AFRAS), Rhemardo Holiday Resort, of questing ticks collected for 164 consecutive months off the Mookgopong, South Africa. 31 January – 4 February. vegetation of two landscape zones in the Kruger National Park Buyisile, G.M. & Cunningham, M.J. 2011. Cape crag lizards (Cordylidae: (1988–2002). II: Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus Pseudocordylus microlepidotus) show extensive gene flow across zambeziensis. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 78(1): the Cape floristic region. Contribution to the 10th Conference of the Article 233, 9 pages. Herpetological Association of Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Terkawi, M.A., Thekisoe, O.M.M., Katsande, C., Latif, A.A., Mans, B.J., Town, South Africa. 11-14 January. Matthee, O., Mkize, N., Mabogoane, N., Marais, F., Yokoyama, N., Xuan, Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. & Haddad, C.R. 2011. National surveys: X. & Igarashi, I. 2011. Serological survey of Babesia bovis and Babesia The way to go for invertebrates. Paper delivered at the 10th bigemina in cattle in South Africa. Veterinary Parasitology 182: 337- Colloquium of the African Arachnological Society (AFRAS), Rhemardo 342. Holiday Resort, Mookgopong, South Africa. 31 January – 4 February. Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. & Haddad, C.R. 2011. The South African Chapters in books National Survey of Arachnida (SANSA) – Phase II completed. Poster presented at the XVII Congress of the Entomological Society of Botha-Brink, J., Abdala, F. & Chinsamy, A. 2011. The radiation and Southern Africa (ESSA), University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, osteohistology of non-mammaliaform cynodonts. In The forerunners South Africa. 3-6 July. of mammals: Radiation, histology and biology, edited by A. Chinsamy- Turan. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 223-246. Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S., Haddad, C.R., Lyle, R., Foord, S.H. & Lotz, L.N. 2011. Monitoring arachnids in conserved areas in South Africa. Foord, S.H., Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. & Haddad, C.R. 2011. South African Paper delivered at the 10th Colloquium of the African Arachnological spider diversity: African perspectives on the conservation of a mega- Society (AFRAS), Rhemardo Holiday Resort, Mookgopong, South diverse group. In: Changing Diversity in Changing Environment, edited by Africa. 31 January – 4 February. O. Grillo & G. Venora. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech Publishing. pp. 163-184. Du Preez, R. & Louw, S.v.d.M. 2011. Comparison of soil Arthropod Ray, S., Botha-Brink, J. & Chinsamy, A. 2011. Dicynodont growth richness in different cultivated composts. Proceedings of the XVII dynamics and lifestyle adaptations. In The forerunners of mammals: Congress of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa (ESSA), radiation, histology and biology, edited by A. Chinsamy-Turan. University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 3-6 July. p. 43. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 121-146. Foord, S.H., Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. & Haddad, C.R. 2011. Spider diversity of the Savanna Biome. Paper delivered at the 10th Book Colloquium of the African Arachnological Society (AFRAS), Rhemardo Holiday Resort, Mookgopong, South Africa. 31 January – 4 February. Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S., Haddad, C.R., Foord, S.H., Lyle, R., Fourie, De V., Pretorius, J.C. & Louw, S.v.d.M. 2011. An investigation Helberg, L., Mathebula, S., Van den Berg, A.M., Van Niekerk, E. & of natural plant compounds as insecticides for management of Jocque, R. 2010. First Atlas of the Spiders of South Africa (Arachnida: agricultural and veterinary pests. Proceedings of the XVII Congress of Araneae). Pretoria, ARC: Plant Protection Research Institute. the Entomological Society of Southern Africa (ESSA), University of the Annual Report 2011 Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 3-6 July. p. 50. 175 Research reports Haddad, C.R. & Lyle, R. 2011. Recent advances in the systematics of Cunningham, M.J. 2011. Population viability analysis of Austroglanis Afrotropical Corinnidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Paper delivered at the barnadri in the Cederberg. WRC Project K8-592 linking conservation XVII Congress of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa (ESSA), of endangered freshwater fishes with river conservation on the University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 3-6 July. Cederberg. Report to the South African Water Research Commission Haddad, C.R., Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. & Lotz, L.N. 2011. Spider (WRC), Pretoria, South Africa. diversity of the Grassland Biome. Paper delivered at the 10th Cunningham, M.J. 2011. Amphibian diversity and conservation in the Colloquium of the African Arachnological Society (AFRAS), Rhemardo Cederberg. WRC Project K8-592 linking Conservation of Endangered Holiday Resort, Mookgopong, South Africa. 31 January – 4 February. Freshwater Fishes with river conservation on the Cederberg. Report Haddad, C.R., Fourie, R., Jocque, R., Neethling, J.A. & Engelbrecht, I. to the South African Water Research Commission (WRC), Pretoria, 2011. A revision of the purse-web spider genus Calommata Lucas, South Africa. 1837 (Araneae: Atypidae) in the Afrotropical Region, with notes on Louw, S.v.d.M., Du Preez, R., Van As, H. & Badenhorst, H. 2011. Soil the biology of the South African species. Paper delivered at the 10th arthropod trophic structure in selected semi-arid regions of South Colloquium of the African Arachnological Society (AFRAS), Rhemardo Africa. Annual Progress Report Seminar of UFS Academic Cluster 4: Holiday Resort, Mookgopong, South Africa. 31 January – 4 February. Technologies for Sustainable Crop Industries in Semi-arid Regions. Haddad, C.R., Lotz, L.N., Neethling, J.A., Butler, V., Luwes, C. & Ferreira, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. I. 2011. Spiders of the National Botanical Gardens, Bloemfontein. Poster presented at the 10th Colloquium of the African Arachnological Conference contributions Society (AFRAS), Rhemardo Holiday Resort, Mookgopong, South Adendorff, J., Prinsloo, G.J. & Louw, S.v.d.M. 2011. Damage frequency Africa. 31 January – 4 February. by Agromyza ocularis in the irrigated wheat and barley fields of the Jansen van Rensburg, C., Bert, W., Swart, A. & Decraemer, W. 2011. Northern Cape. Proceedings of the XVII Congress of the Entomological New nematode records from the Bakwena Cave, South Africa. 176

Department of Zoology and Entomology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences of thesubfamily.Paperdelivered atthe10 mainland Afrotropicaltrachelines(Araneae:Corinnidae):Anoverview Lyle, R.&Haddad,C.R.2011.Resultsofrecentwork doneon Nieuwoudtville, NorthernCape,SouthAfrica.3-6October.p.9. Ecology Forum(ZEF)Conference:InteractionsintheAridZone, soils: Whataretheunderlyingissues?ProceedingsofAridZone Louw, S.v.d.M.2011.Restoringecologicalintegrityindepauperate Free State,Bloemfontein,SouthAfrica.3-6July.p.98. Entomological SocietyofSouthernAfrica(ESSA),University ofthe role ofsoil-borneinsects.ProceedingstheXVIICongress Louw, S.v.d.M.2011.Ecologicalintegrityinagro-ecosystems:The Conference, Spier,Stellenbosch,SouthAfrica.15-19May. Paper presentedattheNematologicalSocietyofSouthernAfrica the CapeFoldMountains.Contributionto10 (Cordylidae: Pseudocordyluscapensis)isarecentspeciesradiationin Mabe, L.T. &Cunningham,M.J.2011.GracefulCrag-Lizard Mookgopong, SouthAfrica.31January–4February. African ArachnologicalSociety(AFRAS),RhemardoHolidayResort, contrasting treeswithintheFreeStateNationalBotanicalGardens Neethling, J.A.&Haddad,C.R.2011.Spiderassemblagesonfour Bloemfontein, SouthAfrica.3-6July. Society ofSouthernAfrica(ESSA),University oftheFreeState, Gardens. Poster presentedatthe activity oftrapdoorspidersattheFreeStateNationalBotanical Neethling, J.A.&Haddad,C.R.2011.Effectoflunarphasesonthe South Africa.3-6July.p.117. Southern Africa(ESSA),University oftheFreeState,Bloemfontein, Proceedings oftheXVIICongressEntomologicalSociety modeling ofAtherigonas.str.(Diptera:Muscidae):Acasestudy. spatial scale,resolutionandalgorithmselectioninthedistribution Muller, B.,Mostovsky, M.&Louw,S.v.d.M.2011.Theimportanceof 10-13 July. Africa (PARSA), StellenboschUniversity, Stellenbosch,SouthAfrica. Southern Africa(ZSSA)andtheParasitologicalSocietyof Contribution totheJointConferenceofZoologicalSociety infections fromcaninefaecalsamplesinQwaQwa, SouthAfrica. Z., Mohlakoana, T. &Thekisoe,O.M.M.2011.Detectionofhelminth Motaung, M.E.,Tsotetsi,A.M.,Mtshali,S.M.,K.,Khumalo, Town, SouthAfrica.11-14January. Herpetological AssociationofAfrica,University ofCapeTown, Cape +27514445943 Website: www.ufs.ac.za E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +27514012427 Telephone: 9300 South Africa Bloemfontein PO Box 339 University oftheFreeState Department ofZoologyandEntomology Faculty ofNaturalandAgriculturalSciences Prof. JovanAs Contact details XVII CongressoftheEntomological th th Colloquiumofthe Conferenceofthe Academic staff Lecturers: MessrsJohann Subject Headandseniorlecturer:DrOrielThekisoe QwaQwa Campus Dr JenniferBothaBrink,MrJohanvanNiekerk, MrAshleyKirk-Spriggs Affiliated Researchers:ProfsDawieKok, IvanHorak,JacobdenHeyer, Junior Lecturers:MsLindieHeyns,MrVaughn Swart Charles Haddad,MsEllievanDalen Lecturers: DrCandiceJansenvanRensburg,MessrsHennieButler, Extraordinary Professors:Profs.LeonFourie,GerhardPrinsloo Associate Professor:LieslvanAs Linde Professors: ProfsJovanAs,LindaBasson,SchalkLouw,Theunsder Main Campus .

delivered atthe48 Van As,J.G.2011.FishParasite associations.Keynote address South Africa.3-6July.p.161. Southern Africa(ESSA),University oftheFreeState,Bloemfontein, Proceedings oftheXVIICongressEntomologicalSociety protocol foragro-ecosystems,basedonnewcropcasestudies Swart, V.R., Seaman,M.T. &Louw,S.v.d.M.2011.Abio-indicator the FreeState,Bloemfontein,SouthAfrica.3-6July.p.129. of theEntomologicalSocietySouthernAfrica(ESSA),University of composts ofdifferentcompositions.ProceedingstheXVIICongress Odendaal, T., DuPreez,R.&Louw,S.v.d.M. South Africa.3-6July. Southern Africa(ESSA),University oftheFreeState,Bloemfontein, Paper delivered attheXVIICongressofEntomologicalSociety contrasting treeswithintheFreeStateNationalBotanicalGardens Neethling, J.A.&Haddad,C.R.2011.Spiderassemblagesonfour Africa. 31January–4February. Society (AFRAS),RhemardoHolidayResort,Mookgopong,South A pristinewilderness.Paperdelivered atthe48 West, D.T., Van As,J.G.&Van As,L.L.2011.TheunprotectedOkavango: on FishParasites(ISFP),ViňadelMar,Chile.26-30September. freshwater fishes.Paperdelivered atthe8 Van As,J.G.&Van As,L.L.2011.Parasite-host associationsofAfrican Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch,SouthAfrica.10-13July. (ZSSA) andtheParasitologicalSocietyofSouthernAfrica(PARSA), the JointConferenceofZoologicalSocietySouthernAfrica Van As,J.G.2011.Hostspecificity.Invitedlecturepresentedat Africa. 26-30June. Aquatic Scientists(SASAqS), IthalaGameReserve, Louwsburg,South Reserve, Louwsburg,SouthAfrica.26-30June. Southern AfricanSocietyofAquatic Scientists(SASAqS), IthalaGame hyperepibiosis. Paperdelivered atthe8 Van As,L.L.&Van As,J.G.2011.Protist-Crustacean-Fish Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch,SouthAfrica.10-13July. Africa (ZSSA)andtheParasitologicalSocietyofSouthern(PARSA), presented attheJointConferenceofZoologicalSocietySouthern Van As,L.L.2011.Hyperparasitesofhypersymbionts?Poster on FishParasites(ISFP),ViňadelMar,Chile.26-30September. Paper delivered atthe10 van As,EmilleBredenhand,MsHafeleni Matete th SymposiumoftheSouthernAfricanSociety th ColloquiumoftheAfricanArachnological 2011.Arthropoddiversity in th th InternationalSymposium InternationalSymposium th Symposium of the Symposiumofthe . .

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Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa (DiMTEC) Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences from year toyear. We welcomed students onthe24 The numberofpeopleapplyingforthecoursehasincreased years. years. DiMTECisproudofitsachievement over thepast10 professionals inthework fieldtocompletethecourseintwo of lecturers.Ourcoursestructuremakes itpossibleforthe the world throughthelecturesdelivered by adiverse group and knowledge onDisasterRiskReductionstrategiesaround the DiMTECwinningteam.Thestudentsgetmoreeducation popular. Studentsfromallover Africaarebeingtrainedby Our Master’sDegreeinDisasterManage ment isvery Overview and Zimbabwe. The demographicsareasshown right: Brazzaville, Kenya, Lesotho,SouthAfrica,Swaziland,Zambia The 2011intake entailsstudentsfrom;Cameroon,Congo academic recordsandexperiencewere chosen. students we canhandle,andthecandidateswithbest criteria were very strictduetothelimitednumber of for the2011year, butonly50were selected.Theselection January 2011,afterreceivingwell over 250applications popular. Studentsfromallover Africaarebeingtrained “Our Master’sDegreeinDisasterManagementisvery Training andEducation Disaster Management Centre forAfrica th by theDiMTEC winning team.” of

Lesotho (LES) Kenya (KEN) Congo (CON)

SWA 2% SWA ZAM 4% ZAM ZIM 15% South Africa(SA) Namibia (NAM) Mozambique (MOZ) 2011 Intake DiMTEC – MrAndriesJordaan SA 61% CON 5% KEN 7% Zimbabwe (ZIM) Zambia (ZAM) Swaziland (SWA)

LES 2% MOZ 2% NAM 2% 19 180

Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa (DiMTEC) Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences in theUnitedNations’Hyogo DeclarationofJanuary2005. contribute tothedisasterriskreductioneffortsasconstituted To provide professionalsindisaster managementtoactively Mission Africa. disaster managementtraining,educationandresearchin To beaninternationallyrecognizedcentreofexcellence in Vision and EducationCentreforAfricaof theUniversity oftheFree From 16to27May2011theDisaster ManagementTraining in Congo-Brazzaville Disaster managementcapacity-building to anumberofactivitiesin2011. Institute forEnvironmentandHumanSecurity(UNU-EHS)led for Africa(UFS-DiMTEC)andtheUnitedNationsUniversity State –DisasterManagementTrainingandEducationCentre The continuedpartnershipbetween theUniversity of theFree and achievements Departmental activities in theUnitedNations’Hyogo DeclarationofJanuary2005. contribute tothedisasterriskreductioneffortsasconstituted research indisastermanagementordertoactively To provide trainingtopostgraduate studentsandundertake Main objective Mr AndriesJordaan QwaQwa commercialemergingfarmers. and Ruralfinance.Heisalsoinvolved with development, LandReform,Ruraldevelopment of DisasterManagement,Smallfarmer Mr AndriesJordaanisproficientintheareas the UNU-ViErepresentative attendedthecontactsession,in the Frenchpartofprogramme andMsJessicaJohmann, Rectorate inEurope(UNU-ViE)UFS-DiMTEC implemented also attendedthesession.TheUnited NationsUniversity Vice officials whoenrolledinthetwo-year Master’sprogramme Bloemfontein, SouthAfrica.Thetwo Congolesegovernment of itsMaster’sprogrammeonDisasterManagementin State (UFS-DiMTEC)offeredthesecondcontactsession Ontsira. From theleft:MsJessicaJohmann,MrBrunoMonkaandDonald Block Course participants in class. Brain storming session with participants.

order to support and assist the students to fully understand the courses by mentoring the students. “My presence at UNU Bonn As future disaster management experts, it is expected that contributed to the further the Congolese students will be the building blocks of disaster development of our institutional management capacity building in Congo Brazzaville. collaboration and my individual capacity strengthened not only Donald Ontsira, Congolese expert from the Ministry of within the University of the Free Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, is a Disaster Management State, but also South Africa as Master Student. Mr Ontsira was temporarily appointed as a a whole“ research assistant at DiMTEC.

The annual Block Course Ms Kehinde Balogun at the United Nations University in Bonn, DiMTEC hosted the sixth Block Course in partnership with Germany. the United Nations University from 7th – 18th February 2011. The course was titled “From Vulnerability to Resilience in Disaster Risk Management”. The block course focuses on vulnerability issues. An in-depth study of the vulnerability models within the disaster risk reduction profession is involved in, including a possible collaboration between South undertaken. Relevant case studies from different corners of Africa and the German government. the world are reviewed. DiMTEC students and experts from She had the opportunity to assist and contribute to the UNU South Africa and beyond participated and were required Annual Report 2011 to come up with a customised, comprehensive disaster Annual Advisory Forum Meeting, where she met the world vulnerability assessment by the end of the course. A field trip leading experts on Risk Reduction pertaining to disaster risk 181 was organised to Heidedal, a residential area that was badly reductions and climate change. In addition, she provided affected by flooding in early January 2011. academic support by assisting to draft a textbook for the collaborative Ph.D. block courses that annually takes place in The 16 participants were from Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria, Bonn, Germany and Bloemfontein, South Africa. South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Ms Vilma Hossini from the UNU and Ms Alice Ncube were the coordinators. UNU fosters growing partnership with Guest researcher from UFS-DiMTEC the University of the Free State (UFS) joined United Nations University in South Africa (UNU) Bonn team The University of the Free State was the first university in Africa to sign a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Ms Kehinde. E. Balogun joined the UNU-ViE and UNU-EHS as the UNU. The MOU between the University of the Free State, a guest researcher on 3rd August, 2011. Her stay lasted three Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for months. Within this month Ms Balogun worked together with Africa (UFS-DiMTEC) and United Nations University Institute UNU-EHS scientists through a mentor/protégé relationship on for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS) was signed her Master’s thesis, with the advice of UNU-EHS vulnerability on 25 September 2009. experts. She was also invited to present her thesis to the UNU Young Research Forum. Ms Balogun, in her capacity as In the light of this collaboration and staff initiative, it was a researcher, worked on projects that the organisation was deemed appropriate that the new and current UNU Vice- 182

Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa (DiMTEC) Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Seaman. Heideman, Prof.Jakob Rhyner,MsAnnetteWeyers, Prof.Maitland From theleft:MrAndriesJordaan,MsJessicaJohmann,Prof.Neil engage innewactivitiesandintensifyongoingones”. parties, inthepast,andsaid“Iwas lookingforward to commended thework thathadbeencarriedoutby both end celebrationsofUFS-DiMTEC.Inhisopeningspeechhe Prof. Rhynerwasinvitedasguestofhonourtotheyear- “Human SecurityinAfrica”. and histeamtodeliver aguestlectureonthetopicof head ofSouthAfrica’snationaldisastermanagementcentre the two institutionstookplace.Thedelegationmetwiththe 21 October2011.Discussionsonfuturecollaborationbetween Environment andHumanSecurity,visitedtheUFSfrom20to vice-rector inEuropeandDirectoroftheInstitutefor Rectorate inEurope(UNU-ViE),includingProf.Jakob Rhyner, A delegationfromtheUnitedNationsUniversity Vice future collaboration. Rector forEuropevisitedDiMTEC,tofurtherstrengthen 12 November 2010 inDresden,Germany. The 1stInternationalScopingWorkshop tookplacefrom11to Organization, alsoattendedtheworkshop. of UNUandunder-secretary-general oftheUnitedNations plan andresearchpriorities.Prof.Konrad Osterwalder,rector discussions ontheinstitute’sscopeandmission,work countries GermanyandMozambiquecontinuedtolead Institutes worldwide, aswell asdelegatesfromthe host international representatives ofUN-Water andother UNU advisor, andscientistsfromallover theworld including, Mr AndriesJordaanattendedinhiscapacityasaspecialist Maputo, Mozambique. envisaged twininstituteinMozambiquetookplace Fluxes andofResources(UNU-FLORES), Dresdenandits University InstituteforIntegratedManagementofMaterial Workshop ontheestablishmentofUnitedNations From 24to25October2011,the2ndInternationalScoping workshop heldinMozambique Second UNU-FLORES scoping ride by theBloemfonteinSANDF. workshop, interestedindividualswere treatedtoahelicopter which willbeaddressedinthefuture.Atendof to gaininsightonthestrengthsandweaknesses ofDiMTEC processes thatcouldbeimproved. Theworkshop helped issues were addressed,involving appraisalsandgapsinthe set goalstoachieve thedepartment’smission.Various evaluate theMaster’sprogrammeoperationsandeffectively with DiMTECwould liaisewithoneanotherinorderto workshop generatedfromtheideathatindividualsaffiliated at theOliviaGameLodge,35kmoutsideBloemfontein.The time membersofstafftotheStrategicPlanningWorkshop Education Centre(DiMTEC)welcomed itsfull-timeandpart- On the9 DiMTEC StrategicPlanningWorkshop practitioners fromtheEkurhuleniMunicipality. The courseinvolved trainingofdisastermanagersand aware oftheminimumstandards inemergencysituations. place from8-10March2011aimed tomake theofficers Metropolitan MunicipalityformDiMTEC. Thetrainingtook The SphereTrainingwasrequestedby theEkurhuleni Johannesburg Short courses:TheSphereProject DiMTEC lecturersandstaffwhohadahelicopterrideatOliviaLodge. th ofMay2011,theDisasterManagementTrainingand DiMTEC lecturersattheOliviagamelodge. Mr A. Jordaan (far left), Ms E. Zulu, Mr B. Banda; Ms O. Chisola (far right), Mr C. Darris, Mr T. N’gandu, Mr B Siachonu.

Botshabelo and Thaba Nchu The Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for share and exchange knowledge and experiences and, if the Africa (DiMTEC) at the University of the Free State collaborated need arises, collaborate. with World Vision South Africa to train community members from the 14 -16 November 2011. The community members Zimbabwe are leaders and participants in different community projects Mr Jordaan met with the vice-Rector of the National in Botshabelo and Thaba Nchu. Feedback on training was University of Science and Technology (NUST) and the dean of consistently positive from participants. This training was one the Faculty of Commerce as well as some of the university’s of the first for community members to be trained in World lecturers. The director discussed possible collaboration Vision South Africa ADPs using the new 2011 Handbook and especially now that NUST has opened an Institute of lead by the TOT facilitators. The training was specifically Development Studies. contextualized for this community and members were allowed to use their language and provide examples relevant The trip took the director through OXFAM GB in Harare, to them. Twenty seven people from community based Zimbabwe, the University of Chinhoyi and the irrigation organizations participated (10 males and 17 females). Two schemes in Chinhoyi. Sixteen Zimbabwean students were Annual Report 2011 participants were development workers employed by World able to have one-on-one contact with the director and Vision. The participants demonstrated their knowledge of the discussed their research. 183 community and how disasters have been handled in the past and how they envisage handling them better in the future. Zambia The training was facilitated by a team of 4, which included 2 Seven DiMTEC students from different parts of Zambia met colleagues from World Vision and Ms Olivia Kunguma and Ms with the director of DiMTEC in Lusaka, the capital of Zambia. Alice Ncube from DIMTEC, who were trained as Sphere TOT Thereafter the director proceeded to the Zambia National facilitators in August 2011. Agriculture Show, where he met with different people from different parts of the country and region. Mr Jordaan also The DiMTEC annual round trip visited the University of Zambia and had a meeting with the in Southern Africa rector of the University of Zambia, Prof. Steven Simukanga. The purpose for the visit is to give DiMTEC students support They discussed among other issues future opportunities while they embark on their research. As part of the of collaborative research projects together with Zambian learning process and continuous interaction with students, DiMTEC students. DiMTEC personnel visited students in SADC states namely Zimbabwe, Botswana, Zambia and Namibia. This provides DiMTEC’s academic personnel with more exposure and Departmental project knowledge of other countries and its environments. It also The Disaster Management Training and Education Centre allows networking with other national disaster management for Africa conducted a Drought Risk Assessment for the centres, non-governmental organizations and universities to Department of Agriculture for the Northern Cape Province. 184

Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa (DiMTEC) Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences +(27) [email protected] Ms A.Ncubeat For informationonshortcourses,contact www.ufs.ac.za/dimtec [email protected] +2751401 9336 Website: E-mail: Fax: +27514012721 Telephone: South Africa Bloemfontein, 9300 Main Campus,P.O Box 339 University oftheFreeState Agricultural Building Room nr3.102 Ms AnneleneSchröder ADRA–EmergencyFloodAssessmentCourse2224  Ph.D.BlockCourse7  The following ShortCourseswere presentedin2011: Short courses Chapter 8called“UnlockingCreditMarkets”. writer aswell asProf.JanGroenewaldwhocontributedto Academic Publishers,towhichMrAndriesJordaanwasaco- The bookwaspublishedintheNetherlandsby Wageningen C.G. Fraser,AjuruchukwuObiandAadvanTilburg. South Africa.Editedby: HermanD.vanSchalkwyk,Gavin The bookUnlockingMarkets toSmallholders:Lessonsfrom Published papers was recommendedthatotherprovinces shouldfollow suit. Africa tohave suchacomprehensive agriculturalproject.It The NorthernCapeProvince isthefirstprovince inSouth Veld Fire • Water • Ground • Drought • Flood • company). Theprojectinvolved riskassessmentfor: project leaderandworked withtheNETGroup (anengineering Mr AndriesJordaan,thedirectorofUFS-DiMTEC,was Contact details IntroductionTo DisasterManagement22–24  SphereProjectInEkurhuleniMetropolitan8  th –18 th Feb th –10 th Academic staff Bursary Manager:MrJohannesBelle Master CourseCoordinator:MsOliviaKunguma Short CourseCoordinator:MsAliceNcube Junior Lecturers: Financial Administrator: MsGerdamarievanCoppenhagen Research Assistant:Kehinde Balogun Secretary: MsAnneleneSchröder Director: MrAndriesJordaan March th March th Feb GeographicInformationSystematUFS11  SphereProjectatKhauheloADP14  THOBEJANE,Mmalesaba,Petunia  TADERERA, Clever  STRAUSS,Jeanne-Marie  SHAMANO,Nicholas  RABALAO, Rosina,Tabea  PETERS,Corne  NKOANA, Ramapulana  NGWENYA, Sifelani  NDLOVU, Thabo  MUGOGOVHALI, TshililoVictor  MOYO, Nicholas  HANDINA,James  DAU, MudindaChester  CHIKUMBA,EvansKennedy Tendai  Disaster Management The following studentsgraduatedwithaMaster’sin ZINDI,Blessing  MATHEBULA, MatlhodiElizabeth  MAMOGALE,MamosegareHellen  LEDIGA,ElizabethMaselekudi  Diploma inDisasterManagement The following studentsgraduatedwithaPostg raduate Autumn graduation:MayGraduation DiMTEC 2011graduations th –16 th th November –15 th April Research Outputs Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa (DiMTEC)

Chapter in book Groenewald, J. & Jordaan, A. 2011. Unlocking credit markets. In Kunguma, O., Jordaan, A.J. & Bhebhe, D. 2011. Socio-environmental Unlocking markets to smallholders: Lessons from South Africa, edited damage, a looming facet of illegal gold panning: A case study by H.D. Van Schalkwyk, G.C.G. Fraser, A. Obi and A. Van Tilburg. The of the illegal gold panners of Gwanda District, Zimbabwe. Paper Nederlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers. pp. 175-190. delivered at the 26th Disaster Management Institution for South Africa (DMISA) Annual Conference: Evolving disaster risk – Challenges and opportunities for resilient communities, Lord Charles Hotel, Somerset Research reports West, South Africa. 14-16 September. Booysen, H.J., Du Plessis, A., Jordaan, A.D. & Jordaan, A.J. 2011. Flood Kunguma, O., Jordaan, A.J. & Redelinghuys, N. 2011. Gender and risk assessment for the Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Report access to fresh water: Experiences and coping strategies of rural commissioned by the Northern Cape Province, South Africa. women in Zimbabwe. Paper delivered at the 26th Disaster Management Dennis, I. & Jordaan, A.J. 2011. Ground water risk assessment for the Institution for South Africa (DMISA) Annual Conference: Evolving Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Report commissioned by the disaster risk – Challenges and opportunities for resilient communities, Annual Report 2011 Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Lord Charles Hotel, Somerset West, South Africa. 14-16 September. 185 Jordaan, A.J., Jordaan, A.D. & Procter, M.N. 2011. Fire risk assessment Kunguma, O., Jordaan, A.J. & Terblanche, L.L. 2011. Development for the Northern Cape. Report commissioned by the Northern Cape of a crisis communication plan: Case Study – Frances Baard District Province, South Africa. Municipality. Paper delivered at the 26th Disaster Management Jordaan, A.J., Sakulski, D. & Jordaan, A.D. 2011. Drought risk Institution for South Africa (DMISA) Annual Conference: Evolving disaster risk – Challenges and opportunities for resilient communities, assessment for the Northern Cape Province. Report commissioned by Lord Charles Hotel, Somerset West, South Africa. 14-16 September. the Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Ncube, A., Jordaan, A.J. & Handina, J. 2011. An analysis of the efficacy of cash transfer in addressing food insecurity for mutare urban Conference contributions communities of Zimbabwe. Paper delivered at the 26th Disaster Jordaan, A.J. 2011. Drought risk assessment for the Northern Cape Management Institution for South Africa (DMISA) Annual Conference: Province. Paper delivered at the 26th Disaster Management Institution Evolving disaster risk – Challenges and opportunities for resilient for South Africa (DMISA) Annual Conference: Evolving disaster risk – communities, Lord Charles Hotel, Somerset West, South Africa. 14-16 Challenges and opportunities for resilient communities, Lord Charles September. Hotel, Somerset West, South Africa. 14-16 September. Sakulski, D.M. & Jordaan, A.J. 2011. Internet application for disaster Jordaan, A.J. 2011. The agricultural extension officer and drought risk risk reduction. Paper delivered at the 26th Disaster Management reduction. Paper delivered at the Annual Free State Conference for Institution for South Africa (DMISA) Annual Conference: Evolving Agricultural Extension Officers, Free State Department of Agriculture, disaster risk – Challenges and opportunities for resilient communities, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 17-18 March. Lord Charles Hotel, Somerset West, South Africa. 14-16 September. 186

Centre for Environmental Management Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences applicants in2011.Theintake increasesindiversity every The Master’sprogrammeenrolled 38studentsfrom110 disciplines arewoven. Development, intowhich anumberofspecialskillsand Integrated EnvironmentalManagementandSustainable Environmental AssessmentandManagementSystems, around SustainableDevelopment, ProjectManagement, The Master’sprogrammedeveloped graduallyandstrongly development inwater. Bank sponsoredfundstosupportcontinuedresearchand in thecentralpartofSouthAfrica.During2011,ABSA projects andprovides appropriateservicestocommunities ecology thatcarriesoutanumberofmainlyapplied The Centreisanestablishedofexpertiseinaquatic component. programmes, shortcoursesandaresearchcontract intertwined components,namelytheMaster’sandDoctoral niche foritselfinSouthAfrica.Theisbasedonthree Natural andAgriculturalScienceshasestablishedanenvied The CentreforEnvironmentalManagementintheFacultyof Overview “Graduates areindemandby largecompanies, government andnatureconservationbodies.” Environmental Management environment isconcerned. exploitation towards cultural maturityasfarthe discipline andAfricaneedsto move beyond irrational sustainability sciencehasbecome establishedasitsown systems arerequiredineven thesmallestofbusinesses, become moresophisticated,environmentalmanagement of environmentalists,environmentalassessmenthas importance inwater,conservationisnolongerthedomain Circumstances have changed.Thereisagrowing government andnatureconservationbodies. environment. Graduatesareindemandby largecompanies, graduates withahealthyoverview oftheSouth African very widefieldofstudy,thereisaperceived needto produce The programmeisintegrated.Astheenvironmentpresentsa consisting ofonesessionpersemester. contact timeattheMainCampusofUFSinBloemfontein, programme. Theprogrammestretchesover 37fulldaysof were fromtherestofAfrica,makingthisatrulycontinental Southern AfricanDevelopment Community(SADC)andafew year. In2011about30%ofthestudentswere fromthe Centre for -Prof.MaitlandSeaman 20 188

Centre for Environmental Management Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Limpopo andNylrivers. of desktoprapidreserve determinationsfortheKuiseb, non-perennial rivers, aswell asconductinganevaluation project, identifyingknowledge gapsinunderstanding focused ondeveloping a communicationstrategyforthe It isacontinuationofthefirstWRCK5/1414project,which The projecthasnow reacheditsthirdphase(WRCK5/1798). have beencompleted. (WRC) andconsistsofthreephaseswhichthefirsttwo The projectisfundedby theWater ResearchCommission environmental waterrequirementsofnon-perennialrivers. The Centreisdeveloping amethodologytoassessthe 2009. working attheCentreonstudiesinitiatedby theCentre in Louvain andanumberofgraduatestudentshave spenttime cooperation aPh.D.student,BramVanschoenwinkel, from temporary waterecology.Asaresultofthisagreement University ofLouvaininBelgiumtoconductresearchon The CentrehasacooperationagreementwiththeCatholic Mini-Dissertation inEnvironmentalManagementfor2010. and MrFalko Buschke received thepriceforBestMaster’s Master’s StudentinEnvironmentalManagementfor2010 Wade received theERM(SouthAfrica)PrizeforBest During theApril2011graduationceremony,MrWarwick private sectorfortheirspecificcompetencies. half ofwhomarecontractedfromgovernment andthe Approximately 50lecturersareinvolved intheprogramme, Prof. MaitlandSeaman impact andurbanecology. biodiversity andsuccession,environmental management. Hismaininterestsliein in biology,ecologyandenvironmental more than20years ofexperiencelecturing years ofexperienceinaquaticresearchand Prof. MaitlandSeamanhasmorethan30 efficient remedialrecommendationwhere necessary. recognition ofcausalfactorsforthe trendeffectsandamore conditions inaspaceandtime,thus allowing formorereliable long-term trenddata,ratherthanin short-term“snapshots”of The primarybenefitsofbiomonitoring areinthedevelopment of of BloemfonteinandthesouthernFreeState. 10 years) recordbecontinued,forthebenefitofcitizens with theaidofABSAtoensurethatlong-term(morethan Management decidedtocontinuebiomonitoringtheserivers March 2011sotheteamatCentreforEnvironmental the Modder,RietandCaledonRivers cametoanendin The BloemWater contractfundingthebiomonitoringof Free Staterivers Biomonitoring oftheecologicalstatus applicability. methodology inarangeofnon-perennialrivers forgeneral progress (2009–2012)withitsaimtotesttheprototype The thirdpartoftheproject(WRCK5/1798)isnow in testing themethodfurther. contributed totheprogressofproject,particularlyin on non-perennialrivers andidentifychallenges.This that theprojectteamwasabletogathermoreunderstanding Northern Cape.Theoutcomesofthetrialwere promisingin The methodologywasthentestedontheSeekoei River inthe environmental waterrequirementsfornon-perennialrivers. developing aprototypemethodologyfordetermining Following that,theWRCK5/1587projectdealtmainlywith Sampling “base camp” at Site EWR4 at the Seekoei River

Community-service research on The Centre for Environmental Management supported the Environmental Water Quality: Loch Third Orange River Basin Symposium, which was held in Logan, Bloemfontein’s Tourist Waterfront Bloemfontein from 8 – 9 June 2011 at the University of the Free State, under the auspices of the UFS’s Strategic Monitoring the condition of the urban impoundment Loch Academic Cluster “Water Management in Water-scarce Logan which is the centrepiece of Bloemfontein’s Waterfront Areas”, with the theme “The role of water in food security”. and advising on its management is a community service task Kolomela Mine is an iron ore mine in the Postmasburg area, undertaken by the Centre for Environmental Management. ABSA’s contribution has allowed us to continue this service. Northern Cape. The Centre was contracted to implement a bio-monitoring programme in 2011 for the mine’s Annual Report 2011 This monitoring and advice is primarily to reassure the Environmental Management System. The project will 189 stakeholders regarding the condition of this public water continue over 2012 and 2013 to maintain the monitoring body, ensuring that it is aesthetically and functionally protocol. This project will gather very valuable data acceptable for public use. This impoundment is a focal point especially since monitoring has begun before the mine has for a large proportion of the local urban population so public started production, continue through the transitional phase health and recreational use issues are important. and is now going into production and can therefore deliver very interesting articles. Blue and Green Drop committee The Centre for Environmental Management is represented on the Free State Provincial Blue and Green Drop Water Awards Quality Management Committee. Here the Centre is able to On 20 October 2011 Professor Anthony Turton, Honorary give inputs into the water quality issues which have a direct Professor in the Centre for Environmental Management bearing on the well-being of communities. at the UFS was a guest at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm. These are the same people that host The intention is that the Centre would be able to assist the Nobel Prize and the event was in the auditorium of the in readressing the skills gaps which have been identified Academy, with a formal dinner under the watchful gaze of by the annual Blue and Green Drop assessments, through Nobel and Linnaeus, two famous Swedish scientists. offering targeted training courses at the respective levels of local government; municipalities and at district and The purpose of the event was to celebrate the life-time provincial level. achievement of Prof. Malin Falkenmark, a famous Swedish 190

Centre for Environmental Management Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences phobic violenceoreven genocideundercertainconditions. Falkenmark’s so-called“Water Barrier”,mighttriggerxeno- Prof. Turtonpresentedahypothesisthatwatercrowding, Turton wastheonlyonefromdeveloping world. A totalofseven scientistswere thusinvited,andProfessor scientists thatshethoughthadtaken herwork tonewlevels. hydrologist. Aspartofherprize,shewasasked toinvite University ofCambridge, United Kingdom.Theconference Student ConferenceonConservation Sciencehostedby the Mr Falko Buschke attended,andpresentedaposter at the using scanningelectronmicroscope analysestechniques. micro-textures onquartzgrains forprovenance studies, Louvain andalsohadguidanceintermsoftheanalyses under Prof.RudySwennen attheGeologyDepartmentof introduced tothemostrecentsedimentologicaltechniques provenance(s). MsEsterhuysehadtheopportunity tobe the samedistributionandcharacteristicsthus if quartzfromgardenandwater-filledrockpoolsampleshad quartz insoilsamplesfromKorannaberg, SouthAfrica, tosee of theresearchwastodetermineprovenance ofthe of theCatholicUniversity ofLouvain,Belgium.Theobjective Eurosa scholarshiptodoresearchattheGeologyDepartment Ms SurinaEsterhuysewastherecipientofaonemonth conferences in2011: Staff involvement inprojectsand Departmental activities Sampling aboreholeatSiteEWR1alongtheSeekoei River duringMarch2011 is avery directcontactwith thecommunityanditsneeds. employed inenvironmental managementpositions,sothere numerous workshops each year. Allthestudentsare environmental communityandthe generalpublicwith The CentreforEnvironmentalManagement serves the Community service TheSAMWA Symposium (18–21September2011)  TheSouthAfricanCommunicationAssociation Conference  XVIICongressoftheEntomologicalSociety ofSouthern  OrangeRiver BasinSymposium(8–9June2011)  SASAqS conference(26-30June2011)  StudentConferenceonConservationScience hostedby  following conferencesandSymposiumsduring2011: Various studentsandstaffattheCentreattended Conferences attendedby staff: dissertation inStellenbosch. also attendedaworkshop ontheevaluationofathesisor attended by bothlocalandinternationalparticipants.She supervisors: Makingsenseofnewresponsibilities”andwas on 18April2011.Thethemeoftheworkshop was:“New Postgraduate SupervisionconferenceatStellenbosch Ms MarthieKemp attendedaworkshop priortothe countries. was attendedby about300delegatesfrommorethan60 (August 2011) Africa (3–6July2011) the University ofCambridge,UnitedKingdom(March2011) Annual Report 2011 191 192

Centre for Environmental Management Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences from themid-HoloceneofFlorisbad,South Africa.Ostrich Manegold, A.&Brink,J.S.2011.Achat( Saxicolinae, Muscicapidae) South Africa.Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 85: 19-32. implications ofbirdremainsfromtheMiddle PleistoceneofFlorisbad, Manegold, A.&Brink,J.S.2011.Descriptionsandpalaeoecological 107(7/8): 64-67. of theFlorisbadmicrovertebrates. SouthAfricanJournalofScience Lewis, P., Brink, J.S.,Kennedy, A.&Campbell,T. 2011.Examination of WildlifeResearch57(5):997-1006. case oftheblackwildebeest-Connochaetesgnou.EuropeanJournal species: decisionmakinginthefaceofimperfectinformation B. &Vrahimis,S.2011.Managementofhybridizationinanendemic Grobler, J.P., Rushworth, I.,Brink,S.J.,Bloomer,P., Kotze, A.,Reilly, isotope analysis.Evolutionary EcologyResearch 13: 217-235. contrasting thepredictionsofhabitatselectionmodelsusingstable Effect ofcompetitiononnichedynamicssyntopicgrazingungulates: Codron, D.,Hull,J.,Brink,J.S.,Ward, D.&Clauss,M.2011. Invertebrates 52(1):217-228. taxonomic surrogateforagrasslandarthropodassemblage.African Buschke, F.T. &Seaman,M.T. 2011.Functionalfeedinggroupsasa assemblage. AfricanInvertebrates 52:590-592. groups asataxonomic surrogateforagrasslandarthropod Buschke, F.T. &Seaman,M.T. 2011.Aresponse:Functionalfeeding 28(2): 57-63. province, SouthAfrica.AfricanJournalofRangeandForageScience trophic structureinanendangeredgrasslandtheFreeState annual variationofarthropod-plantinteractionsandarthropod Buschke, F., Kemp, M.,Seaman,M.&Louw,S.vdM. 2011.Intra- grasslands. WildlifeResearch38:626-639. mammals asindicatorsofecosystemintegritySouthAfrican Avenant, management. Integrative Zoology6:297-298.(Editorial). Avenant, N.L.2011.Recentprogressinrodentbiologyand Journal ofScience106(11/12):90-94. shared signaturesofadmixtureinmammaliancrania. wildebeest (Artiodactyla:Bovidae) provide furtherevidencefor Ackermann, R.R.,Brink,J.S.,Vrahimis,S.&DeKlerk,B.2010.Hybrid Research articles N.L. 2011.Thepotentialutilityofrodentsandothersmall South African 82(1): 57-63. Research Outputs scale. PLoSONE6(11):e26730. example ofanecologicalprocessoperatingonevolutionary time dispersal ofzooplanktonendemictoisolatedmountaintops:An Vandewaerde, H.,Seaman,M.T. &Brendonck,L.2011.Longdistance Vanschoenwinkel, B.,Mergeay,J.,Pinceel,T., Waterkeyn, A., development inruralSouthAfricantowns. Water SA37(1):47-56. Toerien, D.F. &Seaman,M.T. 2011.Ecology,waterandenterprise photographs, 18 – Sewage water surfaceflow, UFSgrounds: Reynolds, D.S.2011.Observations andsubjective situationanalysis Management, University oftheFreeState,Bloemfontein,SouthAfrica. Cape Province. Reportpreparedby the CentreforEnvironmental Material ReporttoKumbaIronOre,Kolomela MineProperty,Northern Mine Property,NorthernCapeProvince. Technical Supplementary report forpanhabitatandinvertebrate diversity atKolomela Buschke, F.T., Adendorff, J.&Seaman,M.T. Bloemfontein, SouthAfrica. Centre forEnvironmentalManagement,University oftheFreeState, Mine Property,NorthernCapeProvince. Reportpreparedby the Cape Province. ManagementreporttoKumbaIronOre,Kolomela report forpanecosystemsatKolomela MineProperty,Northern Buschke, F.T., Adendorff, J.&Seaman,M.T. 2011.Abiomonitoring State, Bloemfontein,SouthAfrica. by theCentreforEnvironmentalManagement, University oftheFree Kolomela MineProperty,NorthernCapeProvince. Reportprepared Northern CapeProvince. ManagementreporttoKumbaIronOre, report forpan-invertebrate diversity atKolomela MineProperty, Buschke, F.T., Adendorff, J.&Seaman,M.T. 2011.Abiomonitoring Research Commission(WRC),Pretoria,SouthAfrica. initiative. ProjectK8/964.FinalreporttotheSouthAfricanWater review, re-conceptualizationandre-designofthesharedrivers Breen, C.M.,Crafford,J.G.,Mitchell,S.A.&Roux,D.J. Bloemfontein, SouthAfrica. for EnvironmentalManagement,University oftheFreeState, Property, NorthernCapeProvince. Reportpreparedby theCentre for Kolomela Mine.ReporttoKumbaIronOre,Kolomela Mine Avenant, N.L.2011.Smallmammalreport: Research reports th August2011.ReporttotheUniversity oftheFree Centre forEnvironmentalManagement A biomonitoring 2011.Abiomonitoring Biodiversity monitoring Field observations and 2011.The Avenant, M.F. 2011. The status of the Lower Orange River fish community. Paper delivered at the 3rd Annual Orange River Basin Symposium, Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 8-9 June. Avenant, N., Pohl, C., Sliwa, A. & Olbricht, G. 2011. The impact of small mammals on caracal ranging behavior and animal disease control practices. Poster presented at the 11th Africa Small Mammal Symposium (ASMS), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Swaziland, Kwaluseni, Swaziland. 3-8 July. Avenant, N.L. & Schulze, E. 2011. Correlating vegetation and small mammal community structure after fire in a grassland ecosystem, Erfenis Nature Reserve, Free State. Paper delivered at the 11th Africa Small Mammal Symposium (ASMS), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Swaziland, Kwaluseni, Swaziland. 3-8 July. Biggs, H.C. & Mitchell, S.A. 2011. Two decades of WRC support for SANParks objectives. Paper delivered at the South African Water Research Commission (WRC): 40-Year Celebration Conference, Emperor’s Palace, Johannesburg, South Africa. 31 August – 1 September. Bootsma, A., Khoza, S., Grootjans, A.P. & Grundling, P. 2011. The characteristics of the Matlabas Mire: preliminary findings and implications for conservation management. Poster presented at the National Wetland Indaba 2011: Wetlands - Back to the future 2020. Act today - for a better tomorrow, Didima Resort and Conference Centre, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 17-19 October. Brink, J.S., Grün, R., Herries, A.I.R., Gowlett, J.A.J. & Bousman, C.B. 2011. The post-1.0 Ma evolution of large mammal endemism in southern Africa in relation to East Africa and subsequent State. Report prepared by the Centre for Environmental Management, biogeographic isolation of the Cape coastal region. Poster University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. presented at the XVIII International Quaternary Research (INQUA) Congress: Quaternary Sciences: The view from the mountains, Bern, Reynolds, D.S. 2011. Observations and subjective situation Switzerland. 21-27 July. analysis: Sewage water surface flow and contamination - Rooidam, Buschke, F.T. 2011. Finding the perfect pathway: A trail guide for Bloemfontein. Report to the University of the Free State. Report Golden Gate NP. Knowledge and Development: Paper delivered at the prepared by the Centre for Environmental Management, University of Research Showcase for the QwaQwa Region hosted by the Research the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. Cluster on Sustainable Development and Poverty Alleviation of the Reynolds, D.S. 2011. Situation analysis - Water quality. Irrigation University of the Free State, QwaQwa, South Africa. 2 September. water for Rotondo Walnuts and assessment of immediate upstream Buschke, F.T. 2011. The South African Grassland Scoring System catchment. Report for Rotondo Walnuts prepared by the Centre (SAGraSS), An anthropod-based habitat integrity index for grasslands. for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Paper delivered at the XVII Entomological Society of South Africa Bloemfontein, South Africa. (ESSA) Congress, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Seaman, M.T., Watson, M., Avenant, M.F. & Vos, A.T. 2011. State of Africa. 3-6 July. the Modder River, First term 2011 – A biomonitoring report. Report to Buschke, F.T. 2011. The South African Grassland Scoring System Bloem Water, prepared by the Centre for Environmental Management, (SAGraSS), An arthropod-based habitat integrity index for University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. endangered grasslands. Poster presented at the 12th Student Annual Report 2011 Seaman, M.T., Watson, M., Avenant, M.F., Barker, C.H., Buschke, Conference on Conservation Science (SCCS), University of Cambridge, F.T., Dennis, I., Joubert, A., Kemp, M.E., King, J., Le Roux, P.A.L., United Kingdom. 22-24 March. 193 Redelinghuys, N., Rossouw, L., Rowntree, K., Sokolic, F., Van der Buschke, F.T., Kemp, M., Esterhuyse, S. & Vanschoenwinkel, B. Waal, B., Van Rensburg, L.D, Van Tol, J.J. & Vos, A.T. 2011. Deliverable 2011. Are rock pools always rock pools? Paper delivered at the 3rd 16: Second progress report on testing a prototype methodology for Annual Orange River Basin Symposium, Centre for Environmental environmental water requirements in non-perennial systems (phase Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South III) for the Steering Committee Meeting – 28 September 2011. WRC Africa. 8-9 June. Report no. K5/1798 to the Water Research Commission, Pretoria, Buschke, F.T., Kemp, M.E., Louw, S.vdM. & Seaman, M.T. 2011. The South Africa. South African Grassland Scoring System (SAGraSS), an arthropod- Seaman, M.T., Watson, M., Avenant, M.F., Barker, C.H., Buschke, based habitat integrity index for grasslands. Paper delivered at F.T., Dennis, I., Joubert, A., Kemp, M.E., King, J., Le Roux, P.A.L., the XVII Entomological Society of South Africa (ESSA) Congress, Redelinghuys, N., Rossouw, L., Rowntree, K., Sokolic, F., Van der Bloemfontein, South Africa. 3-6 July. Waal, B., Van Rensburg, L.D, Van Tol, J.J. & Vos, A.T. 2011. Deliverable Cawood, S. & Vos, A.T. 2011. Water Quality as bio-cultural screening 10: Report on the Mokolo River Workshop input to Decision Support indicator for the integrity of informal heritage sites. Paper delivered System (DSS). WRC Report no. K5/1798 to the Water Research at the 11th South African Society of Aquatic Scientists (SASAqS) Annual Commission, Pretoria, South Africa. Conference: Sustainable utilisation of southern African aquatic resources, Ithala Game Reserve, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. 26- Conference contributions 30 June. Adendorff, J. 2011. Damage frequency by Agromyza ocularis in De Waal, H.O., Van Niekerk, H.N., Saffy, Q. & Avenant, N.L. 2011. the irrigated wheat and barley fields of the Northern Cape. Paper Advances towards a system of coordinated predation management delivered at the XVII Entomological Society of Southern Africa (ESSA) in South Africa. Paper delivered at the 7th International Wildlife Congress, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. Ranching Symposium (IWRS): The business of conservation – science, 3-6 July. livelihoods and values, Kimberley, South Africa. 10-14 October. 194

Centre for Environmental Management Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences delivered atthe7 to human-wildlifeconflictmanagementinSouthAfrica. ecological researchonblack-backed jackal andcaracal:application Du Plessis,J.,Avenant, N.L.&DeWaal, H.O.2011.Asynthesisof Kwaluseni, Swaziland.3-8August. (ASMS), DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,University ofSwaziland, Poster presentedatthe11 caracal: implicationsforhuman-wildlifeconflictmanagement. interactions involving smallmammals,black-backed jackal and Du Plessis,J.Avenant, N.&DeWaal, H.O. and KrugerNationalParks. Paperdelivered atthe9 management onpeatlandoftheiSimangaliso Wetland Park, Marakele Managing Mires:Comparingtheimpact oflanduseandconservation Grundling, P., Price, J.S.,Grootjans,A.P. &Grundling,A.T. Centre, KwaZulu-Natal, SouthAfrica.17-19October. Act today-forabettertomorrow, DidimaResortandConference National Wetland Indaba2011:Wetlands -Backtothefuture2020. for wetland conservation andrehabilitation.Paperdelivered atthe Soutpansberg: recentgeomorphologicalevents andimplication Grundling, P. & Qonya,B.2011.Wetlands oftheMutalebasin, implementation, Skukuza,Mpumalanga,SouthAfrica.13-18March. relevant toprotectedareamanagement–Spanningthebridge Skukuza, Mpumalanga,SouthAfrica.13-18 March. area management–Spanningthe bridge toimplementation, Science Networking Meeting:Makingsciencerelevanttoprotected the 9 its roleinwetland prioritisationforrehabilitation . Paperdelivered at J. 2011.TheclassificationoftheKrugerNationalParks wetlands and Grundling, A.T., Grundling,P., Snyders, M.,Linström,A.&Engelbrecht, Sciences: Theviewfromthemountains,Bern,Switzerland.21-27July. International QuaternaryResearch(INQUA)Congress: Kenya: Beforeandaftertheeruption.Paperdelivered attheXVIII Environment andarchaeologyoftheAcheulean mainsiteatKilombe, Marret-Davies, F., Onjala,I.,Rucina,S.M.,Uomini,N.&Warr, G.2011. Gowlett, J.A.J.,Brink,J.S.,Curnoe,D.,Herries,A.I.R.,Hoare,S., Africa. 19-21September. Research (CSIR)InternationalConvention Centre,Pretoria,South of securityinanuncertainfuture,CouncilforScientificandIndustrial the BiennialGroundwaterConference2011:Groundwater:Oursource organic groundwater contaminantsinSouthAfrica.Proceedingsof Esterhuyse, S.2011.Towards theeffective nationalregulationof values. Kimberley,SouthAfrica.10-14October. (IWRS): Thebusinessofconservation–science,livelihoods and th AnnualSavannaScienceNetworking Meeting: Makingscience th InternationalWildlifeRanchingSymposium th AfricaSmallMammalSymposium 2011.Predator-prey Fish SamplingatEWR1intheSeekoei River. th AnnualSavanna Paper 2011. Africa. Paperdelivered atthe7 predation onasheepenterpriseinthe FreeStateProvince, South Strauss, A.,DeWaal, H.O.&Avenant, N.L.2011. The impactof Forum, Nieuwoudtville, NorthernCape,SouthAfrica.3-6October. managers inwater scarceareas.Paperdelivered attheAridZoneEcology Seaman, M.T. 2011. Some thoughtsonthetrainingofenvironmental Holiday Resort,SouthernCape,SouthAfrica.18-21September. Management Association(SAWMA) Conference,ATKV-Hartenbos conservation inNamibia.Paperdelivered attheSouthAfricanWildlife effectiveness oflivestock guardingdogsforlivestock productionand Potgieter, G.,Marker, L.,Avenant, N.L.&Kerley, G.2011.The of theFreeState,Bloemfontein,SouthAfrica.8-9June. Basin Symposium,CentreforEnvironmentalManagement,University livelihoods andvalues,Kimberley,SouthAfrica.10-14October. Symposium (IWRS):Thebusinessof conservation–science, Mitchell, S.A.,Breen,C.M.,Crafford,J.G.&Roux,D.J. Resort, EasternCapeProvince, SouthAfrica.3-7July. Colloquium: Water andLaw:Towards sustainability,Mpekweni Beach for ConservationofNature(IUCN)Academy ofEnvironmentalLaw Vl) inthespotlight.Paperdelivered atthe2011InternationalUnion Keevy, I.&Esterhuyse,S.2011.PlacingHexavalent Chromium(Cr International CongressofAcarology (ICA),Recife,Brazil.23-27August. ( Hugo-Coetzee, L.&Avenant, N.L.2011.Theeffectoffireonsoilmites Africa. 3-6July. (ESSA) Congress,University oftheFreeState,Bloemfontein,South Paper delivered attheXVIIEntomologicalSocietyofSouthernAfrica response toprescribedfireinacentralSouthAfricangrassland. Hugo-Coetzee, E.A.&Avenant, N.L.2011.Soilmite(Acari: Oribatida) Annual Meeting,Minneapolis,Minnesota,USA.12-13April.p.A16. Central Rift,Kenya. ProceedingsofthePaleoanthropologySociety magnetobiostratigraphical analysisoftheKilombeAcheulian locality, S., Onjala,I.&Gowlett, J.A.J.2011.Newexplorationsandpreliminary Herries, A.,Davies,S.,Brink,J.,Curnoe,D.,Warr, G.,Hill,M.,Rucina, Cape, SouthAfrica.18-21September. (SAWMA) Conference,ATKV-Hartenbos HolidayResort,Southern Paper delivered attheSouthAfricanWildlifeManagementAssociation flight; ecologicalscrutinyofaircraft-wildlifecollisionsinNamibia. Hauptfleisch, M.&Avenant, N.L.2011.Human-wildlifeconflicttakes programme (SRBRMP).Paperdelivered atthe (IWRM) throughasharedriver basins research andmanagement and implementationofIntegratedWater ResourcesManagement Basins ResearchandManagementProgramme:Towards realization Acari:Oribatida ) inSouthAfricangrasslands.ProceedingsoftheXIII th InternationalWildlifeRanching 3 rd AnnualOrangeRiver 2011. SharedRiver Putting in a net at the bottom of Site EWR3’s rapid for fish (Seekoei River).

Toerien, D. 2011. Evidence of island effects in enterprise ecosystems Society of Aquatic Scientists (SASAqS) Annual Conference: Sustainable of the Eastern Cape Karoo. Paper delivered at the Arid Zone Ecology utilisation of southern African aquatic resources, Ithala Game Reserve, Forum, Nieuwoudtville, Northern Cape, South Africa. 3-6 October. Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. 26-30 June. Turton, A. 2011. Opening the can of worms - Liability and evasion… Watson, M. & Dallas, H. 2011. Bioassessment in non-perennial rivers: Paper delivered at the 3rd Annual Orange River Basin Symposium, constraints and challenges in applying macroinvertebrate sampling Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, and interpretation methods. Paper delivered at the 11th South Bloemfontein, South Africa. 8-9 June. African Society of Aquatic Scientists (SASAqS) Annual Conference: Vos, A.T. 2011. A decade of Physico-Chemical change: Caledon, Sustainable utilisation of southern African aquatic resources, Ithala Modder and Riet Rivers. Poster presented at the 11th South African Game Reserve, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. 26-30 June.

Annual Report 2011 Contact details Academic staff 195

Prof. Maitland Seaman Director: Prof. Maitland Seaman Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Lecturer: Ms Marinda Avenant Centre for Environmental Management University of the Free State Associated Researchers Associates: Drs Ziets Zietsman, James Brink, Nico PO Box 339 Avenant, Daan Toerien, Mr Piet-Louis Grundling Bloemfontein South Africa Affiliated Professor: Prof. Anthony Turton 9300 Course Coordinator: Ms Marthie Kemp Telephone: +27 51 401 2863 Senior Professional Officer: Ms Marie Watson (Macro-Invertebrates) Fax: +27 51 401 2629 E-mail: [email protected] Professional Officers: Ms Surina Esterhuyse (Hydrology), Ms Joan Website: www.ufs.ac.za/cem Adendorff (Entomology), Ms Tascha Vos (Water Quality and Algae), Ms Ina Ferreira (Invertebrate), Ms Betty Phillips (Finance), Ms Sanet Neethling (Marketing), Ms Donné Kolesky (Administration), Ms Marthie Kemp (Riparian vegetation) and Messrs Frank Sokolic (GIS), Falko Buschke (Research Ecology), Hennie Louw ) (Invertebrate) 196

Lengau Agricultural Development Centre Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences business. Thebuildings,facilities and aportionoftheland farmers, farmworkers andentrepreneursinagricultural for agriculturalskillsdevelopment andtrainingofemerging One ofthethreeexperimentalfarms oftheUFSisearmarked diverse inputstobesuccessful. sector. Itrequiresinnovative skillsandknowledge and to commercialfarmingisdifficultinahighlycompetitive sector. Thedevelopment andgrowth fromsubsistence on communallandhadlimitedaccesstothecommercial Prospective blackfarmersengagedinsubsistencefarming participating inmainstreamagricultureformanydecades. agricultural sector,sinceblackfarmerswere excluded from of theeconomy,butaparticularneedexistswithin Human resourcedevelopment isbeingrealizedinallsectors and continent. challenges ofsustainableagricultureintheregion,country by utilizingitsacademiccapacityandfacilitiestofacethe an initiative aimedatbeinganengagedfacultyoftheUFS Skills Development, TrainingandMentorshipProgrammeis The LengauAgriculturalDevelopment Centre’sAgricultural Overview training, tacklelocaldevelopment issuesandenrichthe “The centreaimstoundertake systematicsmall farmer curriculum intermsofresearchandtrainingattheUFS Development Centre Lengau Agricultural facilities atLengauDevelopment Centrewere upgraded between thepartieswas cancelledin2011.However, the the MangaungLocalMunicipality, the cooperateagreement Unfortunately duetonofinancial deliveries until2011by estimated durationofthecooperation wasseton30years. at theLengauAgriculturalDevelopment Centre.The in 2005toestablishandupgradethetrainingfacilities approved acontributionofR5millionorR750,000annually initiative. TheCounciloftheMangaungLocalMunicipality for localandprovincial governance andfundingofthe December 2004agreedtocompileaCooperateAgreement Farmers UnionandtheUniversity oftheFreeStatein signed by theMangaungLocalMunicipality,NationalAfrican transformation. AMemorandumofUnderstandingwas Union embracedtheprogrammeaspartnersinagricultural Department ofAgricultureandNationalAfricanFarmers The UFS,MangaungLocalMunicipality,FreeStateProvincial development opportunitiesinvalue-addingandmarketing. crop productionandalternative naturalandagriculturalskills of theSydenham ExperimentalFarmareusedforanimaland on asimultaneousbasis.” – DrLéanvanderWesthuizen 21 198

Lengau Agricultural Development Centre Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences the facility. Free Stateover thepastseven years toupgradeandmanage Almost R6.5millionwasinvested by theUniversity ofthe many aspectsoflivestock, cropfarmingandagribusiness. postgraduates, mentors,farmersandblackentrepreneursin centre alsoserves asacentreforeducationofunder-and primary herd,ordinaryandadvancedfoodgardening.The herd improvement, branding,dehorning,castration, black farmers.Servicesrangefromlivestock auctioneering, of newlysettledandprospective emergingandcommercial and utilizedinanextensive mannertoaddresstheneeds Dr LéanvanderWesthuizen  Providing skillstrainingforagriculturalentrepreneurs,  Using thefacilitiesasanapprenticeshipforprospective skills trainingareintheformof: simultaneous basis.Someoftheagriculturalknow-how and curriculum intermsofresearchandtrainingattheUFSona training, tacklelocaldevelopment issuesandenrichthe The centreaimstoundertake systematicsmallfarmer Activities farm workers, young peoplewantingtomake alivelihood production. stock farming,pigpoultry farmingandvegetable a programmeinbeefcattlefarming, dairyfarming,small commercial farm.Prospective traineefarmerswillselect to facilitate“learningby doing”beforemoving on toa farmers, withamentorshipandsupportsysteminplace Economical andAppliedEntomology. in InsectPhysiology,Biochemistry, Dr LéanvanderWesthuizen specialises was cancelledinAugust2011. did notadheretotheoriginalagreement andthecontract with MalukaAuctioneers.Unfortunately MalukaAuctioneers beginning of2011andanotherrental contractwasnegotiated Development Centre.This agreement wasterminatedinthe auctions fortheBloemfonteinareaatLengau Auctioneers during2008toconductweekly livestock The rentalagreementwasenteredintowithBKBLouwid  An outreachprogramme throughpartnershipstoextend  Support toemergentfarmers/entrepreneursthrough different partsofthecountry. the clientelethrougha“hub-and-spokes” framework to learnership courses. designing andsolicitingaccreditationofappropriate tours tokey centresrelevanttoongoingprojectsand serve municipalitiesintheFreeStateProvince, educational short coursesatthecentre,amobiletrainingcapacityto programme andrecentlysettledfarmers.Thisisdoneby in theagriculturalsector,farmersfarmertrainee for AgriculturalDevelopment (LRAD)programme. also given toprocessapplicationstheLandRedistribution to regionalandnationalfarmerorganizations.Assistanceis capacity by establishingcommoditygroupswithlinkages scale farmingentrepreneurs.Thecentreenhanceslobbying appropriate infrastructureonmunicipallandforsmall- farmers andstart-upentrepreneurs.Thecentreprovides input suppliersandmarkets, aftercareofnewlysettled livestock auctionsevery Fridayatthecentre,linkagesto One of the 120 square metre vegetable gardens at Lengau Agri Centre.

The Lengau Agricultural Development Centre being part of bird at average. The production cost per dressed broiler was the University of the Free State was not allowed earlier to at average R11.52 per kg. operate as an accredited training centre at educational levels Two trainee stock farmers were successfully allocated land lower than grade 12. The Centre entered into a cooperate and another two were granted funding for land in 2011. These agreement with Umnga Farmers Training Group during farmers are mentored on a regular basis in collaboration with 2011 and is now regarded as an accredited training centre the Free State Department of Agriculture. for any training at levels lower than grade 12. The Centre in collaboration with Umnga Farmers Training Group applied Annual Report 2011 at AgriSETA for two learnerships and 240 skills development short learning programmes. The training will be offered 199 during 2012 in all provinces.

In conjunction with the Free State Provincial Department of Agriculture, 2 farmers’ days were held at the centre and 4 farmers’ days in the country where farmers were skilled in vaccination, branding, dehorning, castration and tick control. They also received training and advice in breeding and bull selection for the improvement of livestock. More than 1 000 head of cattle were handled and an average of 11 farmers attended the sessions.

Six hydroponic units were erected since 2007 at the centre. The hydroponic units and approximately halve a hectare of open garden space are used to train 6 trainees in vegetable production skills at the centre.

Two people were trained in broiler production skills at the centre. These trainees made a success of the trials in broiler production of 250 birds per cycle achieving a mortality rate Accommodation quarters for students participating in Extension of less than 5% and slaughter mass of more than 2 kg per internship. 200

Lengau Agricultural Development Centre Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences 3.5 weaners persow to6.7.Thenumberoffarrowing cycles successful weaning ofpiglets increasedfromapproximately weekly freshmarket attheSouthCampusofUFS.The increased theirproductionfour times andestablisheda achieved by these traineefarmers.Thevegetable farmers significant progressinproductionandfinancialturnover was and pigproducerswere intensifiedin2011andhighly Retraining inproductionandmarketing skillsofthevegetable new dispensationwasimplementedfrom1January2011. weekly reportsofeachprojectwillbecompulsory.The with theUniversity in2011andretrainingofthem was alsodecidedthatthebeneficiarieswillsignacontract of beneficiariesreflectedanopinionnosustainability,it electricity andwatersupplytotheprojects.Sinceanumber 100% subsidyandzerocosttoaminimalservicefeefor change theservicefeeofbeneficiariesfromaprevious done earlyin2010.Afterwardsadecisionwastaken to An auditofsustainabilitytheprojectsatcentrewas Economic andManagementSciences. by theStudentsinFreeEnterprise(SIFE)ofFaculty and themarketing oftheproductsiscurrentlyinvestigated samples offire-brickswere producedfromwastepaper opportunity forfire-wood inthelocalcommunity.Thefirst (bloekom) treesattheLengauDevelopment centreasan Furthermore, two entrepreneursareutilizingtheeucalyptus EIGHT montholdSAAngusbullcalfbredatLengauAgriCentrein2011. in 2012. Social Extensionwillbeevaluated and adaptedtoperfection for thispurpose.AninternshipinAgricultural andHumanity on thepremisestohouseeightstudents duringweekends farmers. Accommodation facilities were erectedduring2011 data, analyseandreflectamongststudentstowards agricultural enterprisestocollectproductionandmarketing students willbeallowed toutilizethetraineefarmers and implemented during2012attheLengauAgriCentre.The development ofundergraduates,aninternshipwillbe In anattempttoenhanceagriculturalextensionskills skills inthisprojectforcommunityservicelearningpurposes. two ConsumerSciencestudentsappliedtheirknowledge and either taken homeormarketed inthecommunity.Thirty in sewingskills.Avarietyofproductswere producedand Biochemistry andFoodBiotechnologytrained11beneficiaries Ms DorethaJacobsoftheDepartmentMicrobial, Community service Health Associationateightsessionsthecentre. examination papersoftheSouthAfricanCropLifeandAnimal Thirty eightPest ControlOperatorswrotetheirqualifying reproductive sows. per annumincreasedfromlessthanoneto1.8annuallyof28 Some beneficiaries of Lengau Agri Centre at a training session.

Annual Report 2011 Contact details Staff 201

Dr Léan van der Westhuizen Permanent

Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Senior Lecturer: Dr Léan van der Westhuizen Lengau Agricultural Development Centre Farm Assistant: Mr Albert Khumalo University of the Free State Farm guards: Mr Alfred Mxhaka, Mr Esau Selepe P.O. Box 12544 Brandhof Temporary Bloemfontein Manager: Project Enhancement: Rev. Kiepie Jaftha 9324 South Africa

Telephone: +27 51 443 8859 Fax: +27 51 443 8092 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ufs.ac.za 202

Centre for Microscopy Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences equipment. Thisproblemhasnow beeneliminatedby the remember manyaspectsofthe correcthandlingofthe the microscopessporadicallyand thereforetheyfailto related totheaptitudeofusers. Manyusersonlyuse the timeofusagemicroscopeshasnotbeendirectly staff membersstartedtosupportusersofmicroscopes where microscopy formedpartoftheirstudies.Sinceskilled publications, conferenceattendanceanddegreesobtained the outputby researchersandstudentsinrespectof Output attheCentrehassince2010beenfocusedon will thereforebefullyimplementedin2012. appointed inthisposition.ThissupportaspectattheCentre support function.On1November 2011MsHanlieGrobler was member aslaboratorymanagerwascreatedtofulfillthis was implementedin2011.Apositionforapermanentstaff by anoperatoronafulltimebasis.Thissupportfunction themselves andthattheywould prefertobesupported they would prefernottohandleequipmentandmicroscopes potential newusersand74%oftheindicatedthat A survey wasdonein2009and2010amongcurrent Overview equipped withanX-ray analyser(EDS)toexaminenano particles inultra-thinsectionstodetermineelemental “The transmissionelectronmicroscopeisnow composition ofanytypesample.” and isascribedtothefactthatdepartments ofChemistry hours annually.TheSEMusageis lower thantheaverage the SEMwas530hours,TEM64 hoursandtheCLSM57 average usageofeachmicroscope thelastfouryears for and oftheconfocallasermicroscope (CLSM)55hours.The of thetransmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM)82hours of thescanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)was411hours, Sciences andexternalinstitutions.In2011therunningtime to departmentsintheFacultyofNaturalandAgricultural researchers stillremainsanindicatorofresearchsupport The timeofusagetheapparatusandlaboratoriesby University usedthissupportservicein2011. campus aswell asresearchersfromtheStellenbosch especially atthemicroscopes.ResearchersQwaQwa supplied by centrepersonnelwithlittleinputfromtheuser aspect atthecentre.Bythisnovel approachdataisnow of usersnow alsousethe“pay-as-you-go” management sessions orby inexperiencedusersofequipment.Anumber saves researchfundingastimeisnotwastedby longtraining support given tousers.Inthiswaythedepartmentalso Microscopy Centre for – Prof.PietervanWyk 22 204

Centre for Microscopy Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences given tothehonoursstudentsofDepart ment ofMedical Plant Sciences(PWS614).Aseparatedemon stration was Biochemical andFoodBiotechnology(MKB/BOC614) ENT614); Geology(GLG636); Genetics(GEN686);Microbial, dents ofthedepartmentsZoologyandEntomology(DRK/ handling ofequipmentwaspresentedtothehonoursstu- The customarydemonstrationsinmaterialpreparationand general activities Research aspectsandsome with 37researchersand965totalhoursin2010. researchers withatotalof975hoursin2011comparison not usethefacilitiesatcentre.Thecentresupported39 microscopes fortheirspecificneedsandthereforetheydo (QwaQwa) andGeology(2009)boughtscanningelectron Prof. PietervanWyk Dithebe, theoperationof honours student,Khumisho new microtomepurchased Prof. LodewykKock, Lipid director oftheCentrefor Biotechnology) andtheir Dr ChantelSwart(post- Microscopy, explainsto doctoral studentwith Prof. PietervanWyk, in 2011. Ascospore shape. in Mycology, Cytology,Ultrastructureand Prof. PietervanWyk’sareaofexpertiseis due tothededicatedtrainingandsupporttheyreceive. style ofstudentswhendoingresearchwiththemicroscopes, scopy. Prof.Afolayanwasimpressedby theself-assured to follow asimilarapproachasthatoftheCentreforMicro- their analyticalelectronmicroscopelaboratoryatFortHare microscope. Prof.Afolayanwantstoaligntheserviceof doing researchonnanoparticleswithascanningelectron session presentedby Prof.PietervanWykforstudents The reasonforProf.Afolayan’svisitwastoattendatraining University ofFortHarevisitedtheCentreforMicroscopy. atory (Leader:PhytomedicineResearchCenter)ofthe Prof. AnthonyAfolayan,Director:CentralAnalyticalLabor- lecture onmicroscopy. the DepartmentofPlantSciencesattendedanintroductory students oftheDepartmentZoologyandEnto mology and Microbiology andVirology(MKM601).Thesecondyear Table 1

Department Usage hours CLSM SEM TEM Cardiothoracic Surgery -2- Chemistry -643 Consumer Sciences -3- Genetics -24- Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology 24 41 10 Physics - 104 9 Plant Sciences 345- Zoology and Entomology 155- Centre (image processing, support, training) 29 127 18 External researchers/projects: Stellenbosch University -42

Internal researchers and students of the faculty form the core of users. Personnel and students (39) of the following departments thus utilised the facilities at the Centre (rounded down usage times). See Table 1.

Maintenance aspects The X-ray analyser of the Shimadzu SEM has broken down. The warranty has expired and the X-ray detector must be replaced. The cost of replacement would be more or less the same as a new analyser (approximately R600 000). It is considered to be replaced with another more reliable brand. The total internal maintenance of the microscopes by Prof. Van Wyk accumulated at 87 hours and the estimated saving cost is nearly R32 000 (calculated at external rates of companies doing similar maintenance on microscopes). Prof. Anthony Afolayan (right), Director: Central Analytical Annual Report 2011 Laboratory (Leader: Phytomedicine Research Centre) of the University of Fort Hare paid a visit to the Centre for Microscopy, 205 New apparatus here with post graduate students of the UFS doing research with the scanning electron microscope. Apparatus purchased as long ago as 1967 and still in use, is now obsolete, very difficult to handle and the maintenance not cost effective. One apparatus replaced at a cost of R1 million is an ultramicrotome used to prepare biological material for transmission electron microscopy. Material can be cut between 10-100 nanometer thickness at an area size of 0,1 x 0,1 mm. The modern computer controlled Leica type of sample. The apparatus was purchased at a cost of Ultracut 7 microtome cut the material automatically. Results R750 000. Image analysis software was also purchased which previously took at least a month to obtain can now especially to improve scanning and laser confocal images. be available within a week. Accompanying the microtome This software can improve the focus and especially the is also an additional automatic preparation trimming unit resolution of images to such an extent that structures are to form the 0,1 x 0,1 mm area to cut within five minutes. It revealed which could not be seen on the original image. A took more than an hour of extensive cutting with the older specific confocal microscope that will obtain similar results microtome to reach the same level of accuracy. can cost at least R3 million. Prof. Van Wyk donated the The transmission electron microscope is now equipped with money via his NRF incentive allocation of R40 000 for 2011 an X-ray analyser (EDS) to examine nano particles in ultra- to the Centre. The current entity of the centre supplied the thin sections to determine elemental composition of any remaining R18 000 for this software. 206

Centre for Microscopy Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences World ExpoCenter,Dalian,China.25-30April. development. Paperdelivered attheBIT’s2 Van Wyk,P.W.J. 2011.Anewimagingnanotechnologyfordrug Kock, J.L.F., Swart,C.W., Swart, H.C.,Coetsee,E.,Pohl, C.H.& Porto CarrasSithoniaChalkidiki,Greece.18-23September. the 2 nanotechnology approachtodrugdiscovery. Paperdelivered at at the4 Wyk, P.W.J. 2011.Anewnanotechnologyforbiology.Paperdelivered Kock, J.L.F., Swart,C.W., Swart,H.C.,Coetsee,E.,Pohl, C.H.&Van Beijing InternationalConvention Center,China. 9-11August. Conference ofMedichem2011:MasterDrugDiscovery Chemistry, chloride. Poster presentedatthe17 aureus Swart, H.C.&Bragg,R.R.2011.MorphologicalchangesinStaphylococcus Jansen, A.C.,Boucher,C.E.,Coetsee,E.,Kock, J.L.F., Van Wyk,P.W.J., 16-21 January. - GordonResearchConference(GRC),HotelGalvez, Galveston, USA. cells invitro.Poster presentedatImmunologyofFungalInfections Interactions ofCandidaspecieswithsciadonicacidtreatedepithelial Ells, R.,Kock, J.L.F., Albertyn,J.,Van Wyk,P.W.J. &Pohl, C.H.2011. Conference contributions Kock, J.L.F. 2011.Nano Carbohydrate Polymers 83:883-890. biopolymer: Morphology,opticalandantimicrobialproperties. Djoković, V. 2011.Silver nanoparticlesencapsulatedinglycogen Božanić, D.K.,Dimitrijević-Branković, S.,Bibić,N.,Luyt,A.S.& Research articles Kock, J.L.F. &Swart, C.W. 2011.Nano Baltimore, USA.6-7September. Conference andExhibitiononPharmaceuticalRegulatoryAffairs, based assays.Invitedkeynote addressdelivered attheInternational Kock, J.L.F. &Swart, C.W. 2011.Anewnanotechnologyfornovel cell Cape Town, SouthAfrica.6-9November. African SocietyforMicrobiology(SASM),University oftheWestern Cape, Paper delivered at & Van Wyk,P.W.J. 2011.Anewimagingnanotechnologyformycology. Kock, J.L.F., Swart,C.W., Pohl, C.W., Ncango, D.M.,Swart,H.C.,Coetsee,E. Philadelphia, USA.29November –1December. Phytophthora. African 2011. Theinfluenceofmitochondrialinhibitorsonthelifecycle of Swart, C.W., Van Wyk,P.W.J., Pohl, C.H.,Kriel,W.M. &Kock, J.L.F. Technology (OpenAccess) 3(6):64. anti-mitochondrial drugs.JournalofMicrobialandBiochemical Swart, C.W. 2011.Development ofabio-assaytoscreenfor pathogens. AfricanJournalofMicrobiologyResearch5:1123-1125. steroidal anti-inflammatorydrugs(NSAIDs)inhibitgrowth ofyeast Ncango, D.M.,Pohl, C.H.,Van Wyk,P.W.J. &Kock, J.L.F. 2011.Non- co-polyester biocomposites.Polymer Composites32:2001-2009. Mokhothu, T.H., Guduri,B.R.&Luyt,A.S.2011.Kenaf fibrereinforced paraffin waxandwood flour.Polymer Composites32:1155-1163. of phase-changematerialsbasedonHDPE,hardFischer-Tropsch Mngomezulu, M.E.,Luyt,A.S.&Krupa,I.2011.Structureandproperties based assays.JournalofBioequivalence &Bioavailability 3(7):26. Kock, J.L.F. &Swart,C.W. 2011.Anewnanotechnologyfornovel cell Technology (OpenAccess) 3(6):32. approach todrugdiscovery. JournalofMicrobialandBiochemical nd cells caused by treatment with didecyldimethylammonium cells causedby treatmentwithdidecyldimethylammonium World CongressonBiotechnology: Biotechnology-2011, th World CongressofIndustrialBiotechnology(IBIO-2011), the 16 Journal th Congress of European Mycologists, Halkidiki, CongressofEuropeanMycologists, Halkidiki, 3 A: Anewcellsystemsnanotechnology of Microbiology th Biennial Congress of the South BiennialCongressoftheSouth 3 A: Anewcellsystems 5: 3175-3180. Research 5:3175-3180. nd AnnualInternational Research Outputs

PLA asmatrices.Poster presentedatthe11 injection moulded,naturalfibrereinforcedcompositeswithPPand Mofokeng, J.P., Luyt,A.S.,Kovács, J.&Tábi, T. Advanced Materials,Kathmandu, Nepal.20-24March. matrices. Poster presentedatthePOLYCHAR 19World Forumon moulded, naturalfibrereinforcedcompositeswithPPandPLAas Mofokeng, J.P., Luyt,A.S.&Kovács, J.2011.Comparisonofinjection 2011), University ofPretoria,SouthAfrica.22-27May. Conference onFrontiersofPolymers andAdvanced Materials(ICFPAM gallisepticum inSouthernAfrica.Poster presentedatthe17 Moretti, S.,Boucher,C.E.&Bragg,R.R.2011. The studyofMycoplasma South Africa.26-29April. on FunctionalPolymeric MaterialsandComposites,Stellenbosch, Indicator ofnovel antifungals.Poster presentedatthe4 Swarts, J.C.,Pohl, C.H.,Ncango,D.M.&Kock, J.L.F. Maartens, M.M.J.,Swart,H.C.,Coetsee,E.,C.W., Van Wyk,P.W.J., material forenergystorage.Poster presentedatthe11 of polymerencapsulatedparaffinwax tobeusedasaphasechange Mochane, M.J.&Luyt,A.S.2011.Preparationandcharacterization Materials andComposites,Stellenbosch,SouthAfrica.26-29April. UNESCO/IUPAC Workshop andConferenceonFunctionalPolymeric material forenergystorage.Poster presentedatthe11 of polymerencapsulatedparaffinwax tobeusedasaphasechange Mochane, M.J.&Luyt,A.S.2011.Preparationandcharacterization Societies (FEMS2011),Geneva,Switzerland,26-30June. European Microbiologists:TheFederationofMicrobiological of theWestern Cape,CapeTown, SouthAfrica.6-9 November. Congress oftheSouthAfricanSocietyfor Microbiology (SASM),University presented atthe11 characterisation ofnaturalfibre/co-polyester biocomposites.Poster Mokhothu, T.H., Guduri,B.R.&Luyt,A.S.2011.Preparationand University ofPretoria,SouthAfrica. 22-27May. on FrontiersofPolymers andAdvanced Materials(ICFPAM 2011), PLA asmatrices.Poster presentedatthe11 injection moulded,naturalfiberreinforcedcompositeswithPPand Mofokeng, J.P., Luyt,A.S.,Kovács, J.&Tábi, T. Composites, Stellenbosch,SouthAfrica.26-29April. Workshop andConferenceonFunctional Polymeric Materialsand th AnnualUNESCO/IUPAC Workshop andConference Centre forMicroscopy th InternationalConference th AnnualUNESCO/IUPAC 2011.Comparisonof 2011.Comparisonof 2011.Lipomyces: th th International Congress of Congress of th th Biennial Biennial Annual Ncango, D.M., Pohl, C.H., Van Wyk, P.W.J., Swart, C.W. & Kock, Cryptococcus neoformans. Poster presented at the 8th International J.L.F. 2011. Novel antifungal indicators uncovered in yeast. Poster Conference on Cryptococcus and Cryptococcosis (ICCC), Charleston, presented at the 4th Congress of European Microbiologists: The South Carolina, USA. 1-5 May. Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS 2011), Geneva, Swart, C.W. & Kock, J.L.F. 2011. Yeast “Contraceptives” also Switzerland. 26-30 June. Novel Drugs. Paper delivered at the BIT’s 2nd Annual International Ndlovu, S.S., Luyt, A.S. & Van Reenen, A.J. 2011. Effect of using Conference of Medichem 2011: Master Drug Discovery Chemistry, degraded LDPE as a compatibilizer in wood polyolefin composites. Beijing International Convention Center, China. 9-11 August. th Poster presented at the 11 Annual UNESCO/IUPAC Workshop and Swart, C.W. & Kock, J.L.F. 2011. Development of a bio-assay to Conference on Functional Polymeric Materials and Composites, screen for anti-mitochondrial drugs. Paper delivered at the 2nd World Stellenbosch, South Africa. 26-29 April. Congress on Biotechnology: Biotechnology-2011, Philadelphia, USA. Ndlovu, S.S., Luyt, A.S. & Van Reenen, A.J. 2011. Effect of using 29 November – 1 December. degraded LDPE as a compatibilizer in wood polyolefin composites. Swart, C.W., Swart, H.C., Coetsee, E., Pohl, C.H., Van Wyk, P.W.J. & th Poster presented at 11 International Conference on Frontiers of Kock, J.L.F. 2011. A novel nanotechnology to assess 3-D Architecture Polymers and Advanced Materials (ICFPAM 2011), University of and Element Composition of Yeasts. Paper delivered at the 17th Biennial Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. 22-27 May. Congress of the South African Society for Microbiology (SASM), University Olivier, A., Swart, H.C., Coetsee, E., Swart, C.W., Van Wyk, P.W.J., of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa. 6-9 November. Schoombie, S., Pohl, C.H. & Kock, J.L.F. 2011. NanoSAM investigates Swart, C.W., Swart, H.C., Coetsee, E., Pohl, C.H., Van Wyk, P.W.J. & Kock, th smart spore movement. Poster presented at the 17 Biennial Congress J.L.F. 2011. A novel nanotechnology for yeast. Poster presented at the of the South African Society for Microbiology (SASM), University of the 4th Congress of European Microbiologists: The Federation of European Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa. 6-9 November. Microbiological Societies (FEMS 2011), Geneva, Switzerland. 26-30 June. Olivier, A.P.S., Swart, H.C., Coetsee, E., Swart, C.W., Van Wyk, P.W.J., Thibane, V.S., Kock, J.L.F., Ells, R., Van Wyk, P.W.J. & Pohl, C.H. 2011. Schoombie, S.W., Pohl, C.H. & Kock, J.L.F. 2011. NanoSAM investigates Marine polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit biofilm formation of Candida th smart spore movement. Poster presented at the 4 Congress of albicans and Candida dubliniensis. Poster presented at the 4th Congress European Microbiologists: The Federation of European Microbiological of European Microbiologists: The Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS 2011), Geneva, Switzerland. 26-30 June. Societies (FEMS 2011), Geneva, Switzerland. 26-30 June. Sebolai, O.M., Pohl, C.H., Botes, P.J., Swart, C.W., Van Wyk, P.W.J. & Van As, L.L. 2011. Hyperparasites of hypersymbionts? Poster Kock, J.L.F. 2011. Association of 3-hydroxy oxylipins with capsules presented at the Joint Conference of the Zoological Society of Southern th of Cryptococcus neoformans. Poster presented at 4 Congress of Africa (ZSSA) and the Parasitological Society of Southern Africa (PARSA), European Microbiologists: The Federation of European Microbiological Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. 10-13 July. Societies (FEMS 2011), Geneva, Switzerland. 26-30 June. Van As, L.L. & Van As, J.G. 2011. Protist-Crustacean-Fish Sebolai, O.M., Pohl, C.H., Botes, P.J., Van Wyk, P.W.J. & Kock, J.L.F. hyperepibiosis. Paper delivered at the 8th International Symposium 2011. Acetylsalicylic acid: A possible prophylactic agent against on Fish Parasites (ISFP), Viňa del Mar, Chile. 26-30 September. Cryptococcus neoformans. Poster presented at the 8th International Van Wyk, P.W.J. 2011. Image enhancement software (deconvolution) Conference on Cryptococcus and Cryptococcosis (ICCC), Charleston, revealing hidden microbial structures. Paper delivered at the 49th South Carolina, USA. 1-5 May. Annual Conference of the Microscopy Society of Southern Africa Sebolai, O.M., Pohl, C.H., Botes, P.J., Van Wyk, P.W.J. & Kock, (MSSA 2011), CSIR Convention Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, J.L.F. 2011. Association of 3-hydroxy oxylipins with capsules of Pretoria, South Africa. 5-9 December.

Annual Report 2011 Contact Details Staff 207

Prof. Pieter W.J. van Wyk Director: Prof. Pieter W.J. van Wyk

Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Laboratory Manager: Ms. Hanlie Grobler Centre for Microscopy University of the Free State P.O. Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa

Telephone: +27 51 401 2264 Fax: +27 51 444 5945 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ufs.ac.za/ccem 208

Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development and Extension Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences research fellow oftheCentre. Swanepoel andMontyJones.Prof. AldoStroebelisasenior Extraordinary inProfsEdwardNesamvuni,AlicePell, Frans student throughputrate.TheCentrealsohasProfessors reasons fortheCentre’ssuccessintermsofincreased the studentsintheirresearchefforts,isoneof Whitfield, thecentre’sresearchassociates,inguiding contribution fromMrJohanvanNiekerk andMrKevin Prof. IzakGroenewaldisthedirectorofCENSARDE.The Centre isproudofitsstudentsandtheirachievements. and knowledge insustainableagriculturalpractices.The students theopportunitytoacquiremulti-disciplinaryskills means ofdistanceeducation.Thecoursesonofferafford who areworking full-time,whilefurtheringtheirstudiesby (UFS) isdesignedtoaccommodatepostgraduatestudents and Extension(CENSARDE)attheUniversity oftheFreeState The CentreforSustainableAgriculture,RuralDevelopment Overview Sustainable Agriculture, close tiesandco-operationwiththewho’swhoof institutional reviewreport,thecentreestablished “Aligned by the 2010internationalandlocal Rural Development Agricultural Extensionintheworld.” and Extension also toremaininternationallysound. partners annuallytoensurelocalapplicability, relevancyand The coursecontentisscrutinisedby localandinternational students accountforabout35%ofthestudents. by banks,agribusinessesandconsultancies.International part-time orsmall-scalefarmers,whileothersareemployed Agricultural ResearchCouncil(ARC).Somearecommercial, employment oftheDepartmentAgricultureand production. Mostofthestudentsareinfull-time more aboutthescienceofsustainabilityinagricultural of life,althoughtheyallsharethecommongoallearning Students enteringthisprogrammecomefromallspheres production systems. towards thedevelopment andmaintenanceofsustainable crop andlivestock management.Itaimstocontribute agribusiness management,ruraldevelopment aswell as CENSARDE’s researchisfocusedonthevalue-addingchain, Centre for – Prof.IzakGroenewald 23 210

Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development and Extension Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences to 284sinceourinceptionin1994.CENSARDEhasaproud time. ThisbringsthetotalnumberofMSAdegreesawarded these graduateswhostudypart-timewhileworking full- This wastheculminationofmanymonthshardwork for Pretoria) andGabrielHangara(NGOinNamibia). (MSA) andtwo Ph.D.swere awardedtoDoughlasNkosi (ARC graduated withaMaster’sdegreeinSustainableAgriculture programme. Inthesameacademicyear, 30students In 2011,70studentsenrolledforthefirstyear oftheMaster’s Activities andachievements Prof. IzakGroenewald Intake of2011when70studentswere enrolledfortheMaster’sprogramme. development. agricultural practices,extensionandrural production systems;andsustainable for ruminantsonnaturalpastures;animal lies innutritionandlicksupplementation Prof. IzakGroenewald’sareaofexpertise Kotze fromNamibiaandMsP. Molapo from Lesotho. merit achievements withintheprogramme.Theywere MrD. honoured duringthefaculty’sprizegivingfunctionfortheir programme. Two exceptional Master’sgraduateswere managerial andthinkingskillsthatareembeddedinthe constraints andchallenges.Studentsdevelop technological, practiced inaconstantlychangingenvironmentwithmany an importantcontributionsincemodern-dayagricultureis equipped toaddressthechallengesofworkplace. Thisis track recordofitsgraduateswholeave theprogrammewell Two PhDs were awarded to Doughlas Nkosi (ARC Pretoria) (left) and Two staff members . Mr Kevin Whitfield (left) and Dr Johan van Niekerk Gabriel Hangara (NGO in Namibia) (right) with their promoter Prof (second from the left) of the Centre during an ADSARD training session Izak Groenewald. at Tsolo Agricultural College in the Eastern Cape.

Locally, CENSARDE’s personnel continued training exten- The Department of Agriculture in Limpopo Province con- sionists from the Eastern Cape Department of Agriculture tracted CENSARDE to offer training to their employees in for their second semester of the Advanced Diploma in project management. A special short learning programme Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development (ADSARD). Project Management for Sustainable Development in This qualification aims to meet the needs of the Agricultural Agriculture was compiled. This was offered in four sessions Extension and Advisory Service to assist their workforce of one week each to 30 attendees per session. This inter- in attaining a further qualification. Part of the plan is for action resulted in numerous advantages for the centre, extension officers with diplomas (NQF level 6) to be able faculty and university through the acquisition of two new to achieve an advanced diploma (NQF level 7) and facilitate Ph.D. applicants, 5 new Master’s students and external study leaders for research projects. mobility for advanced qualifications. This is driven by the National Extension Recovery Plan of the Government CENSARDE also held a breakaway session during the 3rd and supported by the Norms and Standards Requirement Orange River Basin Symposium. The breakaway session was pertaining to Extensionists. titled The role of extension for sustainable water utilization.

Annual Report 2011 211

The Centre offered a Project Management short course for Sustainable Development in Agriculture in Polokwane. 212

Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development and Extension Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences branch ofSASAE. undertook totake aleadingroleinrevitalizingtheFreeState agricultural extensionfromaround theworld. Thecentre Marais presentedtheirpaperon newdevelopments in where Kevin Whitfield, JohanvanNiekerk andFrancois Society forAgriculturalExtension(SASAE)inKimberley, attended the45 Prof. Groenewald,JohanvanNiekerk andKevin Whitfieldalso within thesocietyduringyear underreview. received theDavisUysshieldforbestresearchpaper and aPh.Dcandidatefromthecentre,DrDoughlasNkosi, conference inStellenboschwhereapaperwasdelivered the SouthAfricanSocietyforAnimalScience(SASAS) conferences aroundthecountry.Prof.Groenewaldattended Personnel fromtheCentrewere alsoinvolved invarious Agricultural College). work fortheRoyal Bafokeng Nation)andP.J. Olivier(Glen student anddeputy-directorofABZDevelopment whodoes scale organicvegetable producer),J-loSejosengoe(Centre’s (Ph.D. researchfindings),AndrewTilsley(alocalsmall- Presentations were given by MessrsJohanvanNiekerk Switzerland. Prof.IzakGroenewald (left), DrKristenDavis,presidentof GIFRAS incentreandDrJohanvan Rural Advisory Services(GI FRAS), Visit attheGlobalForumfor Niekerk secondfromright. th AnnualConferenceoftheSouthAfrican influential programme of its kind at the UFS. Students study at influential programmeofitskindat the UFS.Studentsstudyat universities startedin1998 andisthelongestmost the USA.Thisstudentexchange programmebetween the Virginia Polytechnic InstituteandStateUniversity (VT)in Prof. Groenewaldaccompaniedeight studentsofUFSto CENSARDE wasagaininvolved inseveral internationallinkages: International activities supplementation forfree-grazingruminants. and studygroupsbecauseofhisexpertiseinphosphate Agriculture, heisalsoregularlyinvitedtoworkshops internationally accreditedscientificJournalforSustainable Whilst Prof.Groenewaldremainsontheeditorialboardof study leaderstoenhancetuitionandresearch. workshops were facilitatedbetween ourstudentsandexternal 29 –31August2011inJohannesburg.Numerousregional Agriculture Development andFoodSecurityWorkshop during Outlook during27–29July2011inDurbanandtheSustainable Land ReformandSustainableAgriculturalTransformation Furhermore, JohanvanNiekerk attendedtheSouthernAfrica during year underreview. from theSASocietyofAnimalScience Uys shieldforthebestresearchpaper Doughlas Nkosi received theDavis PhD candidatefromthecentreDr VT for the full second semester of their third study year and do Aligned by the 2010 international institutional review report, so without prolonging their total study period of the degree. the centre established close ties and co-operation with the who’s who of Agricultural Extension in the world namely Prof. Groenewald and Johan van Niekerk attended a World Dr Laurens Klerks and Prof. Cees Leeuwis of Wageningen Conference 2011, Sustainable Value Chain: Agriculture for Food University, Prof. Burton Swanson from the University of Security and Economic Development during July in Windhoek, Illinois, Prof. Luc De Haese from Ghent University, Magdalena Namibia. Approximately 220 delegates from all parts of the Blum, chairing the office of Knowledge Exchange, Research world attended this occasion. Contacts made here initiated a and Extension at the FAO in Rome, Dr Kristen Davis, director reciprocal visit to the Global Forum for Rural Advisory Services of GFRAS, Switzerland. Locally Dr Elliot Zwane, president of (GFRAS) with headquarters in Switzerland as well as the Food SASAE, and Prof. Fanie Terblanche from Pretoria University and Agricultural Organization (FAO) in Rome. During the are close collaborators of the centre. same visit, staff from this centre had meetings with Dr Hans Schupbach form Agridea and Lukas Rediger and Andreas Rusch from Strickhof, both connected to the Swizz Extension Research Services on extension systems in Switzerland. CENSARDE is set to increase the number of publications from Kevin Whitfield travelled to Nairobi, Kenya to attend the its personnel and students in the coming year. The Centre African Forum for Agricultural Advisory Services (AFAAS) gives thanks and recognition to the management of the country flora workshop, the GFRAS workshop and the UFS and Faculty, the professors extraordinary and research International Extension Conference. At the conference, he fellows and its own staff members for their continued presented his paper on pluralism in extension. support and commitment to CENSARDE.

Research Outputs Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development and Extension

Annual Report 2011 213

Research articles Hangara, G.N., Teweldemedhen, Y.M. & Groenewald, I.B. 2011. Major Van Niekerk, J.A., Stroebel, A., Swanepoel, F.J.C. & Whitfield, K.P. 2011. constraints for cattle productivity and managerial efficiency in Towards redesigning the Agricultural Extension Service in South Africa: communal areas of Omaheke Region, Namibia. International Journal Views and proposals of smallholder Farmers in the Eastern Cape of Sustainable Agriculture 36: 102-112. Province. South African Journal of Agricultural Extension 39(2): 1-10. Hangara, G.N., Teweldemedhin, M. & Groenewald, I.B. 2011. Measuring factors that can influence cattle supply response to the market in Namibia: Case study from Omaheke communal farmers. Journal of Conference contributions Agricultural Extension and Rural Development 3(8): 141-146. Scholtz, A.J., Cloete, S.W.P., Cloete, J.J.E., Kruger, A.C.M., Van Wyk, Scholtz, A.J., Cloete, S.W.P., Du Toit, E., Van Wyk, J.B. & Van der Linde, J.B. & Van der Linde, T.C.deK. 2011. Genetic parameters for breech T.C.deK. 2011. A survey of the prevalence of blowfly strike and strike indicator traits and yearling production traits in merinos. the control measures used in the Rûens area of the Western Cape Paper delivered at the 19th Conference of the Association for the Province of South Africa. Journal of the South African Veterinary Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics (AAABG), University of Association 82(2): 107–115. Western Australia, Perth, Australia. 19-21 July. 214

Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development and Extension Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences www.ufs.ac.za/censard +27865255371 Website: E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +27514013765 Telephone: 9300 South Africa Bloemfontein PO Box 339 University oftheFreeState Development andExtension(68) Centre forSustainableAgriculture,Rural Faculty ofNaturalandAgriculturalSciences Prof. IzakGroenewald Tabernakel Auditorium,Kimberley,SouthAfrica.30May–2June. Extension: TheRoleofAgriculturalExtensioninRuralDevelopment, Annual ConferenceoftheSouthAfricanSocietyforAgricultural developments inAgriculturalExtension.Proceedingsofthe45 Whitfield, K.P., Marais,F.J. &Van Niekerk, J.A. Action forFoodandLivelihoods, Nairobi,Kenya. 15-18November. Services InternationalConference;LinkingKnowledge toPolicy and industry. Paperdelivered attheInnovations inExtensionandAdvisory private extensionapproaches:AcasestudyoftheEasternCape’scitrus Whitfield, K.P., Groenewald,I.B.&Van Niekerk, J.A.2011. Public- Contact details 2011.International Academic staff Research Associate:MrJohanvanNiekerk andMrKevin Whitfield Senior ResearchFellow: Prof.AldoStroebel Nesamuvuni, AlicePell andMontyJones Professors Extraordinary:ProfsFransSwanepoel,Edward Professor: Prof.IzakGroenewald th

Nairobi, Kenya the AfricanForumforAgriculturalAdvisory Services(AFAAS) in University ofIllinoisandKevin Whitfieldfrom theCentreattending Dr ElliottZwane,presidentofSASAE,ProfBurtonSwansonfrom Agricultural Extensioninitiativ Magdalena Blumheadingthe Prof. IzakGroenewald,Dr Organization (F Visit toFoodandAgricultural Niekerk from FAO andDrJohanvan A O) inRome, e Experimental Farm 216

Paradys Experimental Farm Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences during 2011ininternshipprogrammes thatformedpartof Paradys ExperimentalFarmaccommodated 5students ask criticalquestions. given theopportunityto meet lecturersoftheFacultyand training wasmotivatedandduringworkshops parentswere On thisdaythededicationofFacultytoagricultural many parentsandstudentsparticipatedinthisceremony. the University oftheFreeState.Atbeginningthisyear students, withparentsandstudentssoonfeelingwelcome at In thiswaygoodrelationshipsareestablishedamongfellow to alltheproductionbranchesonfarmareundertaken. welcomed ontheexperimentalfarmafterwhichexcursions Every year prospective studentsandtheirparentsare new farmingskills. practical aspectsoftheirstudyandwheretheycanlearn agricultural enterprise,wherestudentscanexperiencethe The experimentalfarmproves itselfannuallyasagood progress duringthepastyear, inallofitsfive branches. campus oftheUniversity oftheFreeState,hasshown Paradys ExperimentalFarm,situated14kmfromthemain Overview “Paradys ExperimentalFarm,situated14kmfrom State, hasshown progressduringthepastyear, the maincampusofUniversity oftheFree Experimental Farm economy ofscaleisalsoapplicable onthefarm. certain unsustainableenterprisesnow receivingattentionas entities toachieve this goal, withtheimprovement of Structural changeswere introduced inthedifferentfarming fields intocontactwithallthelatestagriculturaltrends. agricultural industryandtobringstudentsinthevarious the farm,maingoalbeingtosimulateSouthAfrican to establishandmaintainsustainablefarmingpracticeson During 2011/2012theaimofexperimentalfarmremained undertaken in2012. participated inpoultryresearchandfurtherstudiesaretobe postgraduate studentsfromBotswanaandNigeriaalso students actingasmentorsinthedifferentfields.In2011 continuity tothemanagementonfarm,withsenior The internshipwasalsodesignedinsuchawaytogive in practiceandthechallengesfacingagriculturalsector. study. Studentswere exposedtohow aspectsareaddressed opportunity toapplythetheoryoftheirdifferentfields the farmmanagementtasks.Thesestudentsthenhad in allofitsfive branches.” Paradys – MrJannieMyburgh 24 218

Paradys Experimental Farm Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences sector andruralcommunitiesalso hadanimpactduringthe The contributionoftheexperimental farmtotheagricultural surgical proceduresandthetreatment ofanimal’shooves. covered, suchas laparoscopictechniques,sonography, fields, andwere well attended,awiderangeoftopicsbeing latest techniques.Theworkshops covered several specialised specialised workshops torevive theirskillsandtolearn the and nationalveterinarians participatedinawiderangeof in June2011by thelateDrLuisSchwalbach.International An annualveterinary congresswaspresentedonthefarm studies inapracticalway. enterprise functionsandinthiswayhelpingtofurthertheir raised onafarm,soastounderstandhow anagricultural offers anopportunityinparticulartostudentswhowere not on theexperimentalfarm.Thefarmtherefore opportunity ofparticipatinginpracticalworkshops presented In 2011approximately 360agriculturalstudentshadthe achieved by thefarmanditsmanagementteam. growth issubsequentlyanticipatedaftersetgoalshave been and willbecompletedwithinthenexttwo years. Further These processesareinanadvancedstageofimplementation and thatwillcomplywithalltheguidelinesofsustainability. on acommercialbasis,equippedwiththebesttechnology is tocreateamodernexperimentalfarmthatoperated increasing thetrainingopportunitiesforstudents.Thevision a contributiontothelocalruralcommunities,aswell as These improvements onthefarmareaimedatmaking Mr JannieMyburgh and Agronomyashismainfocusareas. a B.Sc.degreeinAgriculturewithEconomics Agricultural ProductionManagement.Hehas five years, hasextensive experiencein Paradys ExperimentalFarmforthepast Mnr. JannieMyburgh,managerofthe being onpost-mortemexaminations. Novartis introduced Bloemfontein-Veeprodukte tofarmerswiththe focus Further presentationswere madeby Pfizerand and theirstaff. available toalltheRPOmembers so astotrainthemselves tattooing ofamimals.Theseprogrammeshave beenmade (magazine) regardingthedehorningpractices,brandingand Bloemfontein-Veeprodukte (animalproducts)andVeeplaas had aDVD made,incooperationwiththeexperimentalfarm, section whentheRedMeatProducersOrganization(RPO) A significantcontributionwasmadeby theAnimalScience preserve thesoilmoisture. cultivating implementsandeconomictillingpracticesto implements wastested.Thefocusofthedayonground- demonstrated andtheefficiencyofnewgroundworking tillage workshop wheredifferenttillagepracticeswere section oftheexperimentalfarmalsopresentedaoneday farmers whocouldsharetheirexperiences.Theagronomy to helptheseemergingfarmersliaisewithcommercial transferred knowledge. Interactionhasbeenfacilitated Emerging andsmallscalefarmershave gainedand all theagriculturalsectorsattendedday. and practicaldemonstrationswere made.Participantsfrom South Africanmarket wasintroduced(theClaasTalos range), congresses. So,forinstance,anewrangeoftractorsthe the market anddemonstratedby meansofworkshops and past year. Several agriculturalproductswere launchedin Agrico introduced new Claas Talos tractors on a farmers’ day in September 2011

the latest parasite control remedy for sheep, with the experimental farm helping in providing the necessary An animal is treated at the annual veterinary congress which was presented on the farm in June 2011 by the late Dr Luis Schwalbach. facilities. International an national veterinarians participated in a wide range of specialised workshops to revive their skills and to learn the latest The management team of the experimental farm is in techniques. The purpose of this day is to engage farmers and their Annual Report 2011 agreement that staff development forms an important workers. Here is a demonstration on how to dehorn animals. part of any business and therefore special attention is 219 given to the training of the unskilled labourers on the farm. Programmes have been incorporated where labourers are This infrastructure gave the farm the opportunity to treat trained to obtain a grade 10-level qualification, after which the fields with lime for the 2011 season and to follow more they can participate more meaningfully in programmes in modern tilling practices. The equipment also provided students with the opportunity to learn more about the their particular disciplines. principles of precision farming and how to implement these practices. Value was added with the application of fertilizer Cultivated lands at different depths before the planting season. Weed control Paradys experimental farm received a new tractor with could also be done more effectively. an output of 135Kw in 2011. This was made possible via an The daily management was supervised by Mr M. Molomo, a agreement of cooperation with McCormick, which has 4th year student. been used to till the fields of the experimental farm for a considerable time. The technology of this tractor led to extra training for the drivers and students. The training was Dairy provided for 6 staff members of the experimental farm, as The total dairy herd of the experimental farm consists of well as 3 participating students. The new tractor was a big 130 cows of which 110 are Jerseys and the rest Holsteins. leap into the future of precision technology with Ronin SA At present 55 of the cows are in milk. and they produce on donating a complete straight row apparatus to the farm. avarage 23 l per cow per day. Of the herd 20% are dry cows, 220

Paradys Experimental Farm Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences not very big,itisbeingmanaged effectively. sustainability oftheexperimentalfarm. Althoughtheherdis The progressofthedairyis utmost importancetothe in stepwiththelatestdairyenvironment andtechnology. dairy hasthusundergoneasignificant transformationtobe bank hasalsobeenupgradedforfutureuseinresearch.The is thenuseddailytotake managementdecisions.Thisdata consumption oftheanimal.Accurate datafromthissystem This includeseverything frombodyweight tothe energy 30 datasourcesfromeachcow intheherdtwiceaday. pulsators. TheAfikimsystemcancollectapproximately milking points,eachequippedwithelectronicmetersand support ofanAfikimcomputersystem.Intotalthereare12 new Waikato milkingmachinewasimplemented,withthe During thepastyear thedairyhasbeenupgradedanda the herd,onlyAI(artificialinsemination)isbeingused. the scalebenefitthatexistsinmarket. Therearenobullsin to 200,thusgivingthedairyanopportunitybenefitfrom aim beingtobuycows andincreasethetotalcow herdinmilk entities whereeconomyofscaleplayasignificantrole,the raised toincreasethedairyherd.Theisoneof while therestareindifferentstagesofgrowth andbeing The laparoscopictechniquedemonstratedtoveterinarians attendingthecongress. management oftheherdandmilkingparlour. to daymanagementofthisflock. Mr J.Barnard,anHonoursstudent, isresponsiblefortheday lambing season. the dam).Nolambswere lostatlambingduringthelast three daysold(tohelpwiththebonding ofthelambwith ewes areputinlambingpensandfeduntilthelambs lamb atthesametime.Whenlambingseasonstarts,all insemination) programme.Allewes aresynchronizedto using laparoscopy, whiletherestareallinanAI(artificial limitations. Animalswithhighergeneticpotentialarebred one breedingseason,currentlytherearecertainfeeding once ayear. Althoughthereisthepotentialformorethan sheep grazemainlyoncultivatedpasturesandaremated order toenhancethegeneticpotentialofflock.The farm. Theflockissubjectedtostrictselectioncriteriain insemination) coursesthatarepresentedannuallyonthe mutton ewes andtheyareusedprimarilyforAI(artificial The flockoftheexperimentalfarmconsists60 Sheep enterprise Mr M.Smit,a4 th year student,takes careofthedayto Afrikaner stud herd just after the oats had been cut.

Afrikaner cow with 8 descendants.

Annual Report 2011 221

Beef cattle enterprise The stud Afrikaner herd consists of 102 cows, of which The herd has made good genetic progress since its origin 6 80% calved in 2011. Of the whole herd that calved, 32 years ago and the health and body condition of the animals animals did not comply with the selection criteria and will are very good. During the last calving season 82 calves were be culled. (These are animals that have not conceived for weaned, with all the heifers being raised to increase the size two consecutive mating seasons in the past 5 years.) In of the herd. Heifers are not selected at present, and stricter some cases it was found that some of these animals did not selection criteria of the cows will only begin when the adapt to the experimental farm conditions (coming from number of Afrikaner stud cows reaches 100. The chairman other areas). This Afrikaner herd was established as part of a of this breeding scheme, Prof. F. Neser, as well as a student, cooperation scheme with a group of cattle farmers involved. Mr J. Barnard, supervises in decision making on a continuous The breeding programme has the aim of only the best bulls basis regarding the breeding programme of the herd. Mr J. being selected and used for mating. Barnard also manages the herd on a daily basis. 222

Paradys Experimental Farm Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences moisture. tested, washeldinAugust.Thefocusofthedayonground-cultivatingimplementsandeconomictillingpracticestopreserve thesoil A onedaytillageworkshop wheredifferenttillagepracticeswere demonstratedand theefficiencyofnewgroundworking was implements +27514339010 Website: www.ufs.ac.za Fax: +27514339011 Telephone: 9300 South Africa Bloemfontein Faunasig PO Box 35265 University oftheFreeState Paradys ExperimentalFarm Staff Faculty ofNaturalandAgriculturalSciences Mr JannieMyburgh Contact Details Security officers:MessrsAzaelKhoele,ZachariaMakopo. Bavuma, RichardMxhaka,ErnstMaqala,JohannesSebonyane Samuel Kheswa,Petrus Ramatekoane, Petrus Moriribela,Stephen Khubeka, IsaacNkotshane, DanielSomi,PaulusSamuelMotswari, Farm workers: MssAnnaSebonyane,ElisaMessrsThabo Student assistants:ManieSmit,JohanBarnard,JohnnyMolomo Administrative Manager:AmandaSmith Farm Manager:JannieMyburgh Institute 224

Institute for Groundwater Studies Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences To serve thecommunitythroughstudents, research • To produce high qualityresearchthatisrelevantand • To produceworld classpostgraduate studentswhocan • Mission academic trainingandrelevantresearch. To bethepreeminentgroundwater institutioninAfricafor Vision a contributionby Prof.GerritvanTonder onSABC2’sFokus. radio talks,articlesinnewspapersandmagazinesaswell as gas activities.Thiswasfollowed by variousresearchreports, through Pennsylvania withthepurposeofstudying shale Vermeulen andProf.GideonSteylwent onanextensive tour used toreleasegasfromtheshale.DuringJuly2011DrDanie information onthetopicofhydraulic fracturing–theprocess became headlines,theIGSwasatforefrontwithexpert In ayear where“shalegas”and“fracking”intheKaroo Overview “We strive toidentifymarket needs,researchtheseand Groundwater Studies(IGS) groundwater sustainability. and actionsthat will empower stakeholders tomanage practically applicable. water resources. apply theirknowledge to ensuresustainableground- few foreignstudents. Nineteen students received IGSbursaries, among whoma 40 fortheM.Sc.and9who registered forthePh.D. 35 newenrolmentsfortheB.Sc.Honours inGeohydrology, Student numbersattheIGSareincreasing every year, with numbers Postgraduate student West University. by DrRainierDenniswhoalsotookupapositionattheNorth Fourie wasemployed asresearcherinthepositionleft vacant at theNorthWest University inPotchefstroom. DrFrancois of thefirstsemester2011totake upapositionasprofessor The formerdirector,DrIngridDennis,resignedattheend associate professor. Francois FourieandProf.Kai Witthüser,whoisanaffiliate van Tonder, Prof.GideonvanTonder fromChemistry,Dr Vermeulen asactingdirector.Heisassistedby Prof.Gerrit in 1974andiscurrentlyundertheleadershipofDrDanie The InstituteforGroundwaterStudies(IGS)wasfounded Personnel matters Institute for provide aservice.” – DrDanieVermeulen 25 226

Institute for Groundwater Studies Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Dr Vermeulen alsocontributedtoarticlesinMoneyweb, also participatedinanarticle theLandbouweekblad. fracking intheLandbouweekblad andDrVermeulen Prof. Van Tonder publishedfourarticlesonthetopic of DMR inPretoriaon1December2011. Coalmine waters, presentedoninvitationtotheWRCand Fracking: AUSAandSAperspective. Anotherlecturewason Witwatersrand inJohannesburg.Thetopicofthislecturewas the OriginsCentreLectureSeriesatUniversity ofthe present alectureon23November 2011forthe GSSA at hydraulic-fracturing intheKaroo. Hewasalsoinvited to Petro SAinCapeTown on19August2011,thetopicof Vermeulen wasinvited tospeakagroupofpeoplefrom After astudytourthroughPennsylvania inJuly 2011, Dr the Karoo Development FoundationandaKaroo farmowner. two membersoftheTreasureKaroo Action Group,onefrom Africa. Thisevent wasattendedby 34people,whichincluded The project,processandShell’scommitmentstoSouth discussion onthetopicShalegasexplorationinKaroo: of theirtechnicalstaffvisitedtheIGSforapresentationand managing directorofShellSouthAfricawithfourmembers associated withhydraulic fracturingwere debated.The shale gasintheKaroo wasdiscussedandtheproblems discussion ontheprogrammeFokus.Theoccurrenceof Loock fromtheGeologyDepartmenttookpartinaSABC2 On 18September,Prof.GerritvanTonder andDrJohan Activities andachievements Dr DanieVermeulen drainage inthedifferentminingregions. Current projectsincluderechargeandacidmine industry andshalegasprojectsintheKaroo. groundwater inmining,especiallythecoal in theminingsectorandspecialises Dr DanieVermeulen hasextensive experience abroad duringMarch2011,namely aPHREEQCcoursewith Dr DanieVermeulen attendedthreecoursesincountries students attheIGSduringMarch2011. West, presentedashortcourse inArc-GIStopostgraduate Mr JulianConrad,geohydrologist fromGEOSSinSomerset South AfricainBloemfonteinduringMarch2011. a GroundwaterFieldSchoolfortheDivisionof Dr DanieVermeulen andProf.GerritvanTonder presented in Welkom. groundwater flow inminesLimpopoandontailingsdams observed theinteractionbetween geology,mining and Province tovisitcoalandplatinummineswherethey taken onafour-dayfieldtriptoLephalaleintheLimpopo a highlightforthestudents.Thisyear thestudentswere The annualWinterSchoolforthehonoursstudentsisalways projects fromtheWater ResearchCouncil(WRC). He isalsoasteeringcommitteememberonseven different of SouthAfricaandserves ontheeditorialboardof journal. HeisacouncilmemberfortheFossilFuelFoundation as officialreviewer fortheMinewater andEnvironment International MineWater Association(IMWA) andalsoserves Dr DanieVermeulen isanexecutive councilmemberofthe on Talk Radio702aswell asonRSGandSAFM. further contributedtoaseriesoftalksonhydro-fracturing Business Live, SundayTimesandTheStar.DrVermeulen Water SA. Dr Danie Vermeulen at a shale gas production site.

Geohydrology Honours class during the winter school field trip.

Annual Report 2011 227 National and international collaboration Dr Tony Appelo, well-known hydrochemical academic from In terms of collaboration we need to first mention the Amsterdam in the Netherlands; a FEFLOW training course international collaboration that has been established (including contaminant transport) in Berlin, Germany, and between the IGS and the University of Minnesota. As part the development of a Box Model in Mine Dewatering in Essen, of this collaboration with the University of Minnesota, Dr Germany. Vermeulen was invited to present a groundwater course The head chemist at the IGS laboratory, Ms Lore-Mari Deysel, during July 2011 at the annual field school of their Geology attended a two-day course in May 2011 on Intelligent Lean Department. He was accompanied by Prof. Gideon Steyl. Laboratories, which was presented by the Marcus Evans This was followed by a visit from Prof. Joe Magner, Research Company. Ms Elna de Necker and Ms Henrihet Human Professor at the Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems attended a three-day workshop during August 2011 on Engineering, College of Food, Agricultural & Natural Food Uncertainty of Measurement. This course was presented by Resource Sciences (CFANS) at the University of Minnesota. He Prof. Willem de Beer from Vision Enlight in Johannesburg. presented a week long short course during October 2011 on Dr Francois Fourie presented a short course on geophysics to the Introduction to Watershed Assessment of River Stability and Department of Water Affairs in Nelspruit during November 2011. Sediment Supply (WARSSS) to our postgraduate students. 228

Institute for Groundwater Studies Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Graham, SeniorEngineeratDHIinDenmark. SHE softwarewasalsopresentedattheIGSby MrDouglas A shortcourseonIntegratedHydrologic ModellingusingMIKE relationship establishedwithDHI(SA). its staffandstudentsimproved, andtohave acloseworking The IGSalsoaimstohave thewatermodellingcapacityof to utilisethesoftwareaspartofitstrainingprogrammes. trains studentsinhydraulics and/orhydrology and wants to ouruniversity fortrainingandacademicresearch.IGS software. DHI(SA)hasagreedtomake thissoftwareavailable with proprietaryrightstocertainhydrological andhydraulic DHI (SA)isaspecialisedhydrological andhydraulic company Ltd, tradingasDHI(SA)inSeptember2011. the DHI(SA)Water EnvironmentHealth–SouthAfrica(Pty) Our university signedamemorandumofunderstandingwith was convincedthecontainmentcapwouldn’t blow.” how –despitelow pressurereadings–therewasnoleak.He a modeltoexplainwhatwashappeningunderthecapand photo, PaulHsieh,aUSGeologicalSurvey scientist,created researcher inCaliforniaforadvice.Justusingthatcellphone picture ofpressurereadingsande-mailedittoagovernment picture fromamobilephone.“Onescientisttookcellphone Gulf ofMexicoduringtheoilspillcrisis...usingasingle parameters. Heiswell-known asthemanwhosaved the Research Council(WRC)projectonscalingofaquifer visited theIGSduringMarch2011toassistwithWater Prof. PaulHsieh,geologysurvey scientistfromtheUSA, Gerrit vanTonder topresentalunch-hourlecturetheir The Health&Wellness Centre oftheUFSinvitedProf. projects Community engagement Dr DanieVermeulen attheback;Prof.GideonSteylsecondfromleft;DrTony Appelo(right). Minnesota. Prof. GideonSteylatthehydrogeology fieldsiteoftheUniversity of was testedforuseonastrawberryprojectinQwaQwa. Jagersfontein. Anotherexamplewaswhensewagewater the LebebeDairyprojectonLechaibeleFarmnear the laboratorytotestwaterforoneoftheiranchorprojects: in theDepartmentofAgriculturalEconomics,whocontacted Mr Petso Mokhatla,coordinatoroftheCentreExcellence for communitymembersatnocharge.Oneinstancewas part ofcommunityengagementtheysometimestestwater The IGSLabisanacademic/commerciallaboratory,butas supply ofwaterfortheParadysExperimentalFarm. successfully drillingaboreholewhichproducesstrong student atIGS,were involved infindingwater,and Prof. GerritvanTonder andMrPacomeAhokhossi,Ph.D. mentally-friendly gardening. accompanied Prof.Van Tonder tothislectureonenviron- personnel on1March2011.Prof.PaulHsiehfromtheUSA Research Outputs Institute for Groundwater Studies

Research articles Akoachere, R.A. & Van Tonder, G.J. 2011. The trigger-tube: A new Water 2030: A Mining Perspective, Water Institute of Southern Africa, apparatus and method for mixing solutes for injection tests in CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa. 3-4 boreholes. Water SA 37(2): 139-146. October. Van Wyk, E., Van Tonder, G.J. & Vermeulen, P.D. 2011. Characteristics Vermeulen, P.D. 2011. Views on hydraulic fracturing of Marcellus of local groundwater recharge cycles in South African semi-arid hard Shale, Pennsylvania. Paper delivered at the Workshop of the Water rock terrains – rainwater input. Water SA 37(2): 147-154. Research Commission, the Petroleum Agency of South Africa and Vermeulen, D. & Verwey, P.H. 2011. Influence of irrigation on the the Department of Water Affairs (WRC-PASA-DWA), Pretoria, South level, salinity and flow of groundwater at Vaalharts Irrigation Scheme. Africa. 30 August. Water SA 37(2): 155-164. Vermeulen, P.D. 2011. Views on hydraulic fracturing of Marcellus Shale, Pennsylvania. Paper delivered at the International Conference on Groundwater: Our Source of Security in an Uncertain Future, Conference contributions and the Biennial Conference of the Groundwater Division (GWD), Burger, M. & Vermeulen, P.D. 2011. The groundwater interaction of a CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa. 19-21 deeper lying gold mine and a shallower lying coal mine through the September. presence of naturally occurring as well as induced preferential flow Vermeulen, P.D. 2011. Views on hydraulic fracturing of Marcellus paths. Proceedings of the 11th Congress of the International Mine Shale, Pennsylvania. Paper delivered at the 16th Southern African Water Association (IMWA): Mine Water - Managing the Challenges, Coal Science and Technology Conference: Clean Coal to Clean Energy, Aachen, Germany. 4-11 September. p. 15. Fossil Fuel Foundation (FFF): Wanderers Club, Johannesburg, South Freese, C., Lorentz, S.A., Le Roux, P.A.L., Van Tol, J.J. & Vermeulen, Africa. 1-2 November. P.D. 2011. A description and quantification of hillslope hydrological Vermeulen, P.D. & Burger, M. 2011. Groundwater interaction between Annual Report 2011 processes in the NECF, Weatherley Catchment. Paper delivered at the a deep coal mine and a deeper lying gold mine. Paper delivered at the 15th SANCIAHS National Hydrology Symposium: Science and Practice International Conference on Groundwater: Our Source of Security in 229 for Sustainable Water Resources Management, Rhodes University, an Uncertain Future, and the Biennial Conference of the Groundwater Grahamstown, South Africa. 12-14 September. Division (GWD), CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Vermeulen, P.D. 2011. Decant – What are we leaving behind? Paper Africa. 19-21 September. delivered at the South African Coulliery Environmental Practitioners Association (SACEPA) Conference, Secunda, South Africa. 26 January. Vermeulen, P.D. 2011. Groundwater differences between Mpumalanga Coalfield and Waterberg Coalfield. Paper delivered at the International Conference on Groundwater: Our Source of Security in an Uncertain Future, and the Biennial Conference of the Groundwater Division (GWD), CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa. 19-21 September. Vermeulen, P.D. 2011. Groundwater in coal mining – Factual issues. Paper delivered at the Sustainable Management of Acid Mine Drainage Conference, Reserve Bank Conference Centre, Pretoria, South Africa. 30-31 May. Vermeulen, P.D. 2011. Hydraulic fracturing in the Karoo basin. Paper delivered at the 16th Southern African Coal Science and Technology Conference: Clean Coal to Clean Energy, Fossil Fuel Foundation (FFF): Wanderers Club, Johannesburg, South Africa. 1-2 November. Vermeulen, P.D. 2011. Mining and water management in the Water(less)berg. Paper delivered at the Symposium on Sustainable Prof. Joe Magner with his wife, Veronica. 230

Institute for Groundwater Studies Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Website: www.ufs.ac.za/igs [email protected] +27514446538 E-mail: Fax: +27514012482/2175 Telephone: South Africa 9300 Bloemfontein P.O. Box 339 University oftheFreeState Institute forGroundwaterStudies Staff Faculty ofNaturalandAgriculturalSciences Dr DanieVermeulen Contact Details South AfricandelegatesattheIMWA ConferenceinAachen,withDrDanieVermeulen withthebigsmileinmiddle. [email protected] Ms HenrihetHuman,EnnieNciNci Laboratory staff:MsLore-MariDeysel,ElnadeNecker, Dr JohanvanderMerwe Affiliate Researchers:Prof.JopieBotha,GideonSteyl, Affiliate Professor:Prof.JohnNieber Affiliate AssociateProfessor:Prof.Kai Witthüser Researchers: DrFrancoisFourie,MrEelcoLukas Research Manager:Prof.GerritvanTonder Director: DrDanieVermeulen Denmark. Mr DouglasGrahamfromDHIin Pott, DirectorofDHI(SA)and Agricultural Sciences,MrAndrew Dean oftheFacultyNaturaland From theleft:Prof.NeilHeideman, Workshops 232

Electronics Workshop Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences published by thedepartment ofPhysics. by uslike APRESSURIZEDAr-FILLED ANNEALINGSYSTEM through thepublicationofinstrumentsthatwere developed if thework hadbeenoutsourced.Moneyisalsogenerated of theprojectsdone,thisamountcouldeasilybedoubled R600.00. Whenlookingattheamountandcomplexity by takingtheactualamountofworking hoursmultiplied by the pastyear isR3528000.00.Thisamountcalculated The estimatedsavingfortheFacultyofNaturalSciences completed. equipment. Newapparatuswassuccessfullydeveloped and busy year andhassuccessfullyrepairedarangeofexpensive The ElectronicsDivisionhasyet againexperiencedavery Overview range ofexpensive equipment.Newapparatuswas “The ElectronicsDivisionhasyet againexperienced a very busyyear andhassuccessfullyrepaireda successfully developed andcompleted.” (Department); 2(Total timespent);3(Percentage ofTotal). the servicesofDivisionElectronics.Thisisshown in1 Table 1lists34departmentsanddivisions, whichmadeuseof day perpersonpresent. 99%. Thepossiblehourswere calculatedat7,25hoursper Expressed asapercentagetheactive usageiscalculatedat Of apossible5926working hours5873were actively used. older systems,asshown intables2and3. extensions ofexistingsystemsaswell astheupgradingof development projects.Somewere newandothers were representing 648apparatuses.Ofthisnumber29were for A totalof446work requisitionswere received thepastyear, Work activities Electronics Workshop – MrAdriaan Hugo 26 234

Electronics Workshop Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Table 1 Exercise andSport Science Centre forEnvironmentalManagement National ControlLaboratory Medical Physics Centre forMicroscopy Anatomy Basic MedicalSciences Computer SciencesandInformatics Urban andRegionalPlanning Zoology andEntomology Outside Work Institute forGroundwaterStudies Geology Electronics Architecture Animal WildlifeandGrasslandSciences Plant Sciences Internal Administration Soil, CropandClimateSciences Biotechnology Chemistry Physics Mr Adriaan Hugo Department Electronics Worskhop in1989. the CUT).Hewasappointedasheadof Light Current,attheformerTechnikon (now Mr Adriaan HugostudiedElectricEngineering, oa iesetPercentage Total timespent 5,011,07% 650,00 972,00 0,015,34% 901,00 5,04,38% 257,00 6,02,83% 166,00 4,02,54% 3,42% 149,00 201,00 8,04,78% 281,00 3,02,32% 136,00 1,05,31% 5,31% 312,00 312,00 7,03,00% 176,00 1,02,01% 118,00 911,00 60 0,.61% 36,00 20 0,37% 0,56% 22,00 33,00 80 1,33% 78,00 70 0,46% 27,00 80 0,31% 18,00 10 0,36% 21,00 70 0,29% 17,00 16,55% 15,51% Department Total time spent Percentage Haematology 13,00 0,22% Genetics 12,00 0,20% Experimental Farms 12,00 0,20% Physical Recourses 9,00 0,.15% Medical Microbiology 6,00 0,10% Animal Research Centre 4,00 0,07% Physiotherapy 4,00 0,07% Drama 2,00 0,03% Humanities 2,00 0,03% Instrumentation 1,00 0,02% Total 5873,00 100,00%

Annual Report 2011 235

This is an example of a circuit in disrepair and for which no circuit diagramme exists. The electronics Workshop will measure the circuit and the components to rebuild it at a better price than the original. 236

Electronics Workshop Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Completed Projects Table 2 Soil, CropandClimateSciences Physics Biotechnology Plant Sciences Chemistry Urban andRegionalPlanning Basic MedicalSciences Zoology andEntomology Computer SciencesandInformatics Architecture Institute forGroundwaterStudies Department 1 xAmplifier 1 xSMSPressureAlarmSystem 3 xLightPathControllers 15 xPower Supplies 1 xRadioAlarmSystem 1 xGenerator 1 xCameraSystem 1 xA 1 xRadioCommunicationcoupling 1 xBlockTemperature Controller 1 xGroundServiceHeatController 1 xAutoclave Controller 2 x–80FreezersAlarms 1 xAccess Control 5 xGlassHouses 2 xUVunits 3 xAccess Control 6 xCameraSystem 6 xAccess Control 2 xTimer 3 xAccess Control 4 xSpotLightController 8 xAccess Control 2 xAccess Control1xFractionCollector ccess Control can beprogrammedtotake samplesatdifferent depths. automatically take highprecisionsamplesof solutions.It in theInstrumentationWorkshop. Thisapparatuscan Mark Jonsonstandingnexttoanapparatusthatwasbuilt Apparatus Tabel 3 Unfinished Projects

Department Apparatus Physics 1 x Alarm Access Control System

Time spent on the different Staff matters faculties: Mr Chad Lowe has resigned from his post at the University to emigrate to Australia. I thanked him for his good work and Natural and Agricultural Sciences 5550,00 94,50% wished him all the best for his future. Other 323,00 5,50%

A total of 1 471 hours was spent on development, 4 076 hours on maintenance and 326 hours on administration. Expressed as a percentage it is as follow:

Maintenance 65,23% Development 28,04% Administration 6,73%

Contact details Staff Annual Report 2011 237 Mr Adriaan Hugo Head of Department: Mr A. B. Hugo Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Control Technicians: Mr I. Basson, Mr H. J. Roodt, Mr C. Lowe Electronics Workshop University of the Free State PO Box 339 Bloemfontein South Africa 9301

Telephone: +27 51 401 2494 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ufs.ac.za 238

Instrumentation Workshop Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Other Natural andAgriculturalScience Time spentondifferentFaculties: Sciences. We mainlysupporttheFacultyofNaturalandAgricultural microscopes. evaporation apparatus.We alsoserviceandrepairscales and heatersfortheDepartmentofPhysicsusedwithhigh- bailers fortheInstituteGroundwaterStudies,filaments Furthermore we designandmanufacturestainlesssteel for cadavers inAnatomyandwe serviceandrepairpumps. containers fortesttubesbottles,laboratorytrolleys,stands research. Amongothers,we manufacturepipettestands, equipment foracademicstaffthatassiststhemintheir The aimoftheInstrumentationWorkshop istomanufacture Overview manufacture equipmentforacademicstaffthatassist “The aimoftheInstrumentationWorkshop isto 14.6% 86.6% Instrumentation Faculty ofNaturalandAgriculturalScience Total Biokinetics National ControlLaboratory Animal, WildlifeandGrasslandScience 658 Soil, CropandClimateScience Plant Science Microbial, Biochemical&FoodBiotechnology Internal Administration Instrumentation maintenance Institute forGroundwaterStudies Geology Physics andAstronomy Electronics Zoology andEntomology Chemistry Department Hours them intheirresearch.” Workshop – MrJapieMyburgh 4232 200 226 554 335 160 601 527 537 132 115 35 75 77 27 240

Instrumentation Workshop Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Health science T Cardiothoracic Surgery Haematology Department Hours otal Mr JapieMyburgh Dividing sheetholdersfortheChemistry Departmentaremanufacturedatafractionofthecostimportedmodel. He isaskilledtoolmaker. became theSectionHeadofWorkshop. Head oftheWorkshop and7years agohe 30 years ago.HewaspromotedtoAssistant apprentice attheInstrumentationWorkshop Mr JapieMyburghstartedhiscareerasan 553 361 192 External work Various institutions Department Hours 159 Apparatus manufactured from a diagramme brought from a congress by a congress participant. The apparatus simulates the high pressure under which certain organisms stay alive in mine water.

Activities Department Apparatus Chemistry • Service: vacuum pumps. • Manufacture: trailers that connect one device to another, stands for ultra violet lamps and gas filters, pressure “bombs” with different sized taps. Zoology • Manufacture: snares for insects • Service and repair: shake machines Physics • Service and replace: roof cable for Walter telescope. • Mount: model in Perspex holder. • Manufacture: several view pieces for cameras. Institute for Groundwater Studies • Design and manufacture: split mould. • Design and manufacture: collectors for samples. Annual Report 2011 • Service and repair: vacuum pumps. 241 Microbiology • Repair: shake machine. • Manufacture: Perspex and aluminium Effendorf holders, Pipette stands, test tube shelves. • Change and repair: test tube washers. • Design and manufacture: power generator for research in mines. Botany • Manufacture: adiation shields for plants in greenhouses, a slide to pull behind a motorcycle to collect different plant seeds, a threshing machine. Agriculture • Manufacture: pvc containers and scales for soil samples, 10 becvol poles 2.5 meter long. • Repair: fans in cabinets, freeze drier. Geology • Manufacture: locked cabinet for crystals and precious stones. Electronics • Manufacture: differently sized boxes and forms for electronic parts. Nursing • Repair: 11 manikins. Computer Science • Design and manufacture: x-y-z table for eye coordination tests. Other departments • Repair and service: vacuum pumps. • Manufacture: Perspex pipette shelves at 30% of the supplier’s price. • Service: microscopes and balances. 242

Instrumentation Workshop Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Contact details www.ufs.ac.za +27(0)4012341 [email protected] Website: E-mail: Tel: 9300 South Africa Bloemfontein 9300 PO Box 339 University oftheFreeState Sciences Faculty ofNaturalandAgricultural Instrumentation Workshop Mr JapieMyburgh Technical assistant:E.Hlazo Technical assistant:G.Tshwene Control Technician: J.P.W Rautenbach Control Technician: P.D.S. Botes Assistent Head:J.Erasmus Section Head:J.S.Myburgh Academic staff Statistical Data 244

Statistical Data Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences the FacultyofNaturalandAgriculturalSciences:2009-2011 Comparison for Transfer Occassional Undergraduate P ostgraduate 2009 1663 3419 300 102 2010 3770 1623 280 334 Students 3757 2011 1531 346 335 Student figures: 2009-2011

Female Male Total Black Coloured Asian White Total Black Coloured Asian White Total Black Coloured Asian White Total 2009 Undergraduate 980 34 14 463 1491 898 27 19 813 1757 1878 61 33 1276 3248 Postgraduate 304 13 21 267 605 495 20 25 469 1009 799 33 46 736 1614 Occassional 116 2 0 16 134 124 1 0 20 145 240 3 0 36 279 Total 1400 49 35 746 2230 1517 48 44 1302 2911 2917 97 79 2048 5141

2010 Undergraduate 1121 31 16 503 1617 1048 38 20 828 1934 2169 69 36 1331 3605 Postgraduate 365 14 15 288 682 533 25 19 483 1060 898 39 34 771 1742 Occassional 128 5 1 15 149 128 2 1 26 157 256 7 2 41 306 Total 1614 50 32 806 2502 1709 65 40 1337 3151 3323 115 72 2143 5653

2011 Undergraduate 1164 36 15 492 1707 1014 41 22 761 1838 2178 77 37 1253 3545 Postgraduate 376 19 15 312 722 502 24 17 497 1040 878 43 32 809 1762 Occassional 132 1 1 15 149 127 3 4 32 166 259 4 5 47 315 Total 1672 56 31 819 2578 1643 68 43 1290 3044 3315 124 74 2109 5622

International students

2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 Annual Report 2011 Asian countries 0220 Mauritius 044 Australia and Oceania countries 19 0 0 Mozambique 822 245 Bangladesh 001 Namibia 83 88 99 Belgium 001 Nigeria 23 0 18 Botswana 28 28 24 North American countries 720 Cameroon 0012Other African countries 58 83 0 China 0012Pakistan 002 Congo 004 Republic of Korea 001 Democratic Republic of Congo 020Rwanda 001 Egypt 001 Sri lanka 001 Eritrea 004 Sudan 404 Ethiopia 004 Swaziland 0610 European countries 14 9 5 Taiwan 001 Gabon 001 Uganda 004 Ghana 003 United Republic of Tanzania 002 India 001 United States of America 005 Kenya 0015Zambia 0137 Lesotho 155 198 188 Zimbabwe 73 83 69 Malawi 534Total 477 543 510 246

Statistical Data Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Accredited articles(2009-2011) DepartmentofPlantSciences – PLK DepartmentofMicrobial, – MBV DepartmentofAgricultural – LEK DepartmentofZoologyand – Dean’soffice DRK – DK DepartmentofChemistry – CEM DepartmentofQuantity – BOR DepartmentofArchitecture – ARG List ofabbreviations Books (2009-2011) Biotechnology Chemical andFood Economics Entomology Management Surveying andConstruction – InstituteforGroundwater – IGS DepartmentofSoil,Cropand – GGK DepartmentofGeography – GEOG DepartmentofGenetics – GEN DepartmentofPhysics – FSK DepartmentofMathematics – WISK CentreforEnvironmental – SOB CentreforMicroscopy – SM DepartmentofComputer – RKW Studies Climate Sciences and AppliedMathematics Management Science andInformatics Research DepartmentofAnimal, – VWW ConsumerScience – VERB CentreforSustainable – SVL DepartmentofMathematical – SSB DisasterManagement – SRB Sciences Wildlife andGrassland Development andExtension Agriculture, Rural Science Statistics andActuarial Centre forAfrica(DiMTECH) Training andEducation Local conferences (2009-2011)

Annual Report 2011 247

International conferences (2009-2011)

Glossary 250

Glossary Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences FN CollegeofFood,Agricultural&NaturalFood ChiefExecutive Officer CFANS CEO ClimateChangeAdaptation inAfrica TheCentreforSustainableAgriculture, CatalysisSocietyofSouthAfrica CENSARDE ComputerApplicationsTechnology CCAA computerassistedspermanalysis CATSA CAT Community AgrometeorologyParticipatory CASA CancerAssociationofSouthAfrica CAPES CANSA Actuarial ApproachforFinancialRisks TheAgriculturalSectorEducationTraining AgriSETA AfricanForumforAgriculturalAdvisory AFIR AgriculturalEconomicsAssociationofSouth AFAAS Advanced DiplomainSustainable AEASA ADSARD Adh Alcohol InternationalconferenceonAtomically Advanced BiomolecularResearch(Cluster) AtomicAbsorptionSpectroscopy ACSIN dehydrogenases ABR AAS AMt CALibrators andMETrology(themain CALMet BiomassEstimationfromCanopy VOLume C BECVOL BC British B AmericanAssociationofPhysical AAPA A iTC Disaster ManagementTrainingand Water Environment Health–SouthAfrica DiMTEC DHI(SA) FreeStateDepartmentofEconomic DeepCarbonObservatory DETEA TheDepartmentofAgriculture,Forestry DCO DAFF D Resource Sciences Rural Development andExtension Extension Service action’s fieldofCalmetcompany) Authority Services Africa Agriculture andRuralDevelopment Nanostructures. Controlled Surfaces,Interfacesand Anthropologists Education Centre (Pty) Ltd(tradingasDHI(SA) Affairs Development, Tourism andEnvironmental and Fisheries Columbia U CatholicUniversity ofLouvain CouncilforScientific andIndustrial Computersand StructuresIncorporated CUL CentreofExcellence CSIR Confocallaser microscope CSI CleaninPlace(sanitizers) COE a)CharteredInstituteofBuilding(UK)b)SA CLSM CharteredInstituteofHousing CIP ConstructionIndustryDevelopment Board CIOB CentreforInvasionBiology CIH CIDB Centrefor Higher EducationStudiesand CIB CHESD AridZoneEcology Forum Actuarial studiesinNon-lifeInsurance Academy ofScienceSouthAfrica AZEF ASTIN AssociationofSchoolsConstructionin ASSAf AmericanSocietyforMicrobiology ASOCSA AssociationofResearchersinConstruction ASM Ageographicinformationsystem ARCOM AgriculturalResearchCouncil AgriculturalProductionSystemsSimulator ArcGIS Advanced MetalsInitiative ARC APSIM AMI AM Advanced AI artificial AHI Afrikaanse Materials insemination Handelsinstituut GI BorlaugGlobalRustInitiative BIT BGRI U DurbanUniversity ofTechnology Departmentof ScienceandTechnology Decisionsupport system DUT DifferentialScanningCalorimetry DST DepartmentofMineralResources DSS DSC DisasterManagementInstitutionforSouth DMR DMISA Research Development (SouthAfrica). Southern Africa Management developed by Esri Bachelor ofInformationTechnology Africa E

EBVs Breeding value estimations ERM Environmental Resource Management ECA European Crystallographic Association ESSA Entomological Society of Southern Africa ECEM European Conference on Eye Movement EuCheMS International Conference on Organometallic ECIS European Conference of Information Chemistry Systems EWT Endangered Wildlife Trust F

FA Focus areas FEFLOW Finite Element Subsurface Flow Systems FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the (groundwater studies) United Nations FEMS Congress of European Microbiologists FASEB Federation of American Societies for FMP Facilities Management Programme Experimental Biology G

GEOSS Global Earth Observation System of GPS Global positioning systems Systems GRF German Research Foundation GFRAS Global Forum for Rural Advisory Services GSSA Geological Society of South Africa GFZ Geoforschungszentrum GWK Griekwaland-Wes-Koöperasie GISSA Geo-Information Society of South Africa GXE Genotype x environment GMO Genetically Modified Organism H

HEDS Higher Education Data Sharing HELTASA Higher Education Learning and Teaching Association in Southern Africa I

IAU International Astronomical Union INQWA International Union for Quaternary IBREAM SA Institute for the Breeding of Rare and Research Endangered African Mammals INRA Public mission-oriented scientific institute ICEC International Cost Engineering Council for agricultural research (France) ICID International Commission on Irrigation IOCD International Organization for Chemical and Drainage Sciences in Development Annual Report 2011 ICNANO International Conference on Nanomaterials IOCG Iron-oxide-copper-gold & Nanotechnology IPF Institute of Polymer Research 251 ICPOES Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical IPMP Intensive Project Management Programme Emission Spectroscopy IRWH In-field rainwater harvesting ICT Information and Communications ISA International Studies Association Technology ISBN International Standard Book Number IDC Industrial Development Corporation ISCW Institute for Soil, Climate and Water IFAMA International Food and Agribusiness ISRS International Symposium on Management Association Radiopharmaceutical Sciences IFHE International Federation for Home IT Information Technology Economics ITSA Information Technology Student IFMA International Farm Management Association Association IUCN International Union for Conservation of IGS Institute for Groundwater Studies Nature IMC International Mathematics Competition IUCr International Union of Crystallography IMWA International Mine Water Association IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied INQUA International Union for Quaternary Chemistry Research 252

Glossary Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences O Memorandumofunderstanding Materialsand NanosciencesResearch MOU MathematicalMethodsinReliability MNS MMR KIST Korea Invitrofertilization Invitroembryo production Institute ofScienceandTechnology IVF IVEP NC Newnanosurfacecharacterizationfacilities nuclearmagnetic resonance O NelsonMandelaMetropolitanUniversity NNSCF NMR SouthAfricanNuclearEnergyCorporation NMMU NGO Non-governmental NECSA NanoScanningAugerMicroscope NAS Network-attached organization NanoSAM N storage ManagementandInnovation fora MISBE M LED L KIFI K IVC AFC SouthAfricanAssociationofFamily Ecology SAAFECS S RICS R QT Quantification PrimateEcology andGeneticsGroup Q Palaeontological ScientificTrust PEGG Petroleum AgencyofSouthAfrica PCT PAST AfricanAssociationofZoosandAquaria PASA PAAZAB PA Precision P OVK Oos-Vrystaat-Koöperasie (Cluster) Sustainable BuiltEnvironmentConference Local economicdevelopment Kamutjonga InlandFisheries In vitroculture and ConsumerSciences (UK) Royal InstitutionofCharteredSurveyors Patent CooperationTreaty agriculture theory UP MasterofUrbanandRegionalPlanning Mangaung/University Community MURP Master’sdegree inSustainableAgriculture MUCPP MSA MS Mass LandRedistributionforAgricultural Spectrometry LRAD KwaZulu-Natal InstituteforArchitecture KZ-NIA Kolloquium überKombinatorik (Colloquium KOLKOM InternationalWildlifeRanchingSymposium Invitromaturation IWRS IVM Z NationalZoologicalGardens NationalWool Grower’s Association NZG NuclearTechnologies inMedicineandthe NWGA NationalScienceandTechnology Forum NationalResearchFoundation NTeMBI NationalQualificationsFramework NSTF NRF NQF ASA The SouthAfricanAgencyforScienceand SAASTA PRT PLK PISA PiResearchisaworld-wide leaderin Ageochemicalmodel PI research PHREEQC Development programme Parternership Program on Combinatorics) Biosciences Technology Advancement Protein ResearchTrust Po LeungKuk Photonic InstituteofSouthAfrica automotive electronics. SAB South African Breweries SAPOA South African Property Owners Association SABI South African Biosystematics Initiative SAPPA South African Pecan Producers Association SACI South African Chemical Institute SAPWAT South African Procedure for estimating SACLA Southern African Computer Lecturer’s irrigation WATer requirements Association SASA South African Statistical Association SACPCMP South African Council for the Project and SASAE South African Society for Agricultural Construction Management Professions Extension SACPVP South African Council for the Property SASAqS Southern African Society of Aquatic Valuers Profession Scientists SACQSP South African Council for the Quantity SASAS South African Society for Animal Science Surveying Profession SASM South African Society for Microbiology SACVP South African Council for the Property SAVAH/CIHA South African Visual Arts Historians / Valuation Profession Comité International d’Histoire de l’Art SADC Southern African Development Community SAWISE South African Women in Science and SAFEFE South African Foundation for Economic and Engineering Financial Education SAWMA Southern African Wildlife Management SAFOI South African Fryer Oil Initiative Association SAGA South African Geological Association SE-HPLC Size Exclusion High Performance Liquid SAGraSS South African Grassland Scoring System Chromatography SAHF Southern African Housing Foundation SEM Scanning electron microscope SAIA South African Institue of Architects Senwes Sentraalwes-koöperasie SAICSIT South African Institute for Computer SGA Society for Geology Applied to Ore Deposits Scientists and Information Technologists SIFE Students in Free Enterprise SAMO South African Mathematics Olympiad SKA Square kilometre array SAMS-AMS Joint international congress of the South SMME Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises African and American Mathematical SNIPS System and network monitoring software Societies. SRIG Strategic Research Infrastructure Grants SAPI South African Planning Institute T

TEM Transmission electron microscope TOF SIMS Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass TGA Thermal Gravimetric Analysis Spectrometry THRIP Technology and Human Resources for TOPS Threatened Or Protected Species Industry Programme TOT Training of Trainers Annual Report 2011 U 253

UCLA University of California, Los Angeles UNESCO MIRCEN United Nations Educational Scientific and UCT University of Cape Town Cultural Organisation Microbial Resources Center UFS University of the Free State UNU-EHS United Nations University Institute for UFS-DiMTEC Disaster Management Training and Environment and Human Security Education Centre for Africa of the University of the Free State UNU-FLORES United Nations University Institute for Integrated Management of Material Fluxes UIA Union of International Architects and of Resources UIC United International College UNU-ViE The United Nations University Vice UJ University of Johannesburg Rectorate in Europe UKZN University of KwaZulu-Natal UP University of Pretoria Umnga Farmers group development & training USA United States of America Services USGS United States Geological Survey UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific and UWC United World Colleges Cultural Organisation University of the Western Cape 254

Glossary Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences R World ReferenceBase WinterGrain Trust WRB WGT ZSSA Z XPS X IntroductiontoWatershed Assessmentof WARSSS W VAO University ofWisconsin-Milwaukee V UWM Zoological SocietyofSouthernAfrica X-ray photonspectroscope River StabilityandSedimentSupply Vanillyl-alcohol oxidases XRD Westphalian Wilhelm’sUniversity , Water ResearchCouncil WWU WRC VKB Panalytical X-ray diffractometer Muenster Vrystaat Koöperasie Beperk Annual Report 2011 255 256

Glossary Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences man’s need,butnotevery man’sgreed.” “Earth provides enoughtosatisfyevery generations.” task istocherishandpreserve itforfuture I realizethathumankind’smosturgent in allitsineffablebeautyandfragility,did “Only when IsawtheEarthfromspace, ancestors, we borrow itfromourchildren. We donotinherittheearthfromour “It alwaysseemsimpossibleuntilit’sdone.” – Native AmericanProverb German Cosmonaut – MahatmaGandhi – NelsonMandela – SigmundJahn Father ofIndia