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650 Computer Unction Generator Build Teleswitch THE MAGAZINE FOR NEW IDEAS IN ELECTRONICS wild this 650 COMPUTER ln one board experiment with UNCTION GENERATOR ew Exar IC for your phone BUILD TELESWITCH and turn things on SIGNE TICS 2650 MICFOPP(iCE"pb IC data sheet ASCII ENCCQ►ED► YEYEOARI► E6-CHARACTEF EY 16-LINE,UIUE0 DISPLAY CI,,, `ETICON SAD-1024 CASSETTE ";'_FFACE--trii!~r SiANIiAFD NT . SUPERVISCi; E.:,,_ .' bucket-brigade 1024 2098 SfiE'E installing I/O PORTS E' : :_: SIN6LE BROUC;',? ANTENNA TOWE RADIE-E_E. : :an be easy AND JEFF • * Lab-Tested Hi-Fi Reports GERNSBACK Yamaha (T-800 Tuner & Kenwood KR7600 Receiver State-Of-Solid-State * Equipment Reports * Reader Questions COMPUTER PROJECT ._~ Build 2650-Based ~~ ) ; , ~: Microcomputer _ ~i;` system = Part I. Built on a single printed-circuit board, this 2650 microcomputer contains a video and cassette tape interface and resident supervisor program. Add a keyboard, video monitor, cassette tape recorder and power supply for a complete working system JEFF ROLOFF SPECIFICATIONS AN EASY-TO-USE COMPUTER SYSTEM MUST have essentially four major sections. DISPLAY GENERATOR There is, of course. the actual processing Display Format: 16 lines of 80 characters. User programmable character generator section that usually (at least for small selected by setting bit 6 of the stored data to logic-1 level. Bit 7 available for any users) contains a microprocessor IC. special user application. There must also be input and output Method of Accessing: The processor writes correct RAM location to place a sections so that the processor can character on the screen. communicate with the outside world. Output: Composite video, 1 volt P-P nominal, 75 ohms. 7.1 Mhz. The last section that is essential for a computer's operation is the memory. Cursor: Written by processor just like any other character. Supervisor uses a square This is used to store programs and data. dot centered in character field. and it can be either a memory that Screen Blanking: During horizontal or vertical retrace, between character lines and needs to be accessed very quickly when whenever the processor is accessing the display memory. running a program or a memory used to Display Addressing: Starts (upper left hand corner) at address H1000, and ends at store information for long periods of H14FF. As addresses are incremented, the display position moves downward. time, such as cassette tape. Additional User RAM: A total of 768 bytes starting at address H1500. Actually a part The 2650 computer project presented of the display memory, but this is transparent to the user. here has all of the above circuits mounted on a single printed-circuit PROCESSOR board. In addition, there is a versatile supervisor program that allows you to Type: Signetics 2650 microprocessor. easily create your own programs. The Buffering: All processor signals buffered for TTL fan-out of 10. heart of the unit is the Signetics 2650 Memory: 1K bytes of PROM which contains supervisor program. 768 bytes of RAM microprocessor. Basically, it is a simple • unused by display is available for user programs. PROM is on-board expandable to to use microprocessor with a powerful 4K bytes. instruction set. The input device can be Control Lines: Pause and stop-clock lines allow single stepping of programs. any ASCII-encoded keyboard, which Disable-lines for address data, and control buses to allow DMA (Direct Memory simply hooks to an input port of the Access) or dual processor operation. computer. The output device is a high quality 80-character by 16-line video CASSETTE INTERFACE display generator which is fully con- Recording Format: 300 baud, 1200/2400-Hz Kansas City Standard. trolled by the processor. There are also parallel input and output ports (one Output Voltage: 100 mV P-P. liadv each) to allow you to communicate with Misc. Size: 8'/2-inch square printed-circuit board. ► any other peripheral device, such as a s Power Consumption: 3 amps at 5 volts. line printer or a floppy disc. The « i RONI NEMONr KI/ ICN m p 1 l I II III I II I III Al Aft A11 A11 ^4 4,/ A11 Ail Al, Al h All All 144, A/I h Fj in 7411 In0 1 17 13 a 11 74414 1n 74M INN 1C14,16. It tE, 11.70 Ise DOPOEY IA,!• 11 worn 6.4•4444 AN•.rF roil a4MW11. tw Nn 01E114V GENERATOR ICI11C461112.1 OR 2117.1 a D4 17 T I~ 11 0A1 12 OMa ÔA, 1n 7411 DA, 1 7 W IC IC IC IC IC IC 7 74 37 r a 74 37 DA4 NV 0Al a CPU CLOCK 047 Oiy 15 14 LI 67 44 0A, II 17 I. 0A1/ NV NV I7 u u 17 17 17 17 A3A/ 0, a 03 h o, a 111 111 11 tlr— til II Ii 11 14514 IIN As I TOM 77 T h As 03 m 4 A, 04 17 DI 7 *3 ICN OS IC IC IC IC h IC IC IC SEE If NV 7 7 M u N N 44 TEXT O1 AS 7101 a E l~l h 07 I~N1 h 3i Al A7 to 114X1< 07 , 13 S. r 017 114 74M DUT 24516 7 IE 17 17 12 li -1 - ICM 0, _ 7 LR DAD 7124 A 1a a ~ PI Al 07 0--- © NON OUTPUT h 14 h 03 s RII 13 lE7n A4 04 o la Al 14 a TOO a I A1 a 1/4 74411 1 a ti , U4-1 07 a 4u11. L' IC47, ICAA 4 h 1/4 74N ~ 13 Y N 1 17 ~ 1 IW r a AN 74133 J74 11331Q 413 I 13 WPM 0',A74 NDEo 4 17 Al TO AlARE ALL TIED 100ETR1R. 1/4 MM 101f: OR MN 111101141106. A0111104 U11111 In 7411 A10 0P 100.37 ARE ALL TED TOWNER A10 4,3 0F ICNI ARE ALL 1110 OS TOGETIER. READMIUTE L11145 045131 ARE All 71(0100(11104 TUNIS CHAIN 4001YNC GENERATOR War ETALi 1n 7411 1/4 MM IC134 74.141441110716 7 NV NV 014 ~. NIT Me 02 F- 1 ~ NV � n ML 3 , . 1 II 11 11 74011 IC[3. 1n 7411 LR ET LO 7 n T y*RE1 4 D a 17 17 ; L O ' I1 UII 74112E11 , C0 74112 1°51 a~ 74143 IC ! 04 ACL^ UI 1003. 14 ICH O C O C 1 A A CO NV 1174aN In 74aM p I 1 113114 111 II! la IN 11 O O N ici, c1 ® 1 C74 0 1R O ~M EN ar 0 0 CI 04 02 01 A f fialr In 74b 12 0 - 07 co NV 3 D 1~IC034 IE , NV NV NV Î1074F I 1/4 7411 a IM1 M1M 1/2 74141 OL n, `~Q Npa 1634- Nv 1 04 7 1n MM .E 2 712f V ~4 CS I f 14414 _ CD 4 0 I1 ~~ U 1 a ~P-. CR 4 2 0 4 1014 ~ t ~ 7 0 i 74112 107 MI 10l ~ K _ O 111164 TRONI O C E ACL n NV 01 3 4 44 in MM C NV 1/4 7401 7 14 11 7 14 07100E f1 12 • UR T C 11 — © • i~45 1/4 7432 D NV 01p0E0 ELE 1/4 7432 UII U11 U14 LII! L11~01 LI L4 1.2 O- In 7411 FIG. 1—COMPLETE SCHEMATIC of 2850-based microcomputer. All circuitry, including casuNb-tape Interface and vidso display generator, mount RADI on single PC-board. Connection to peripheral devices Is made via six IC sodMs. 32 AFMIL IS/ I CoS gi P SE â-=- . S Q~R $Y_ ~~R I-11 G~ e eQ IS eEl c0 3 à $ s I I f —' g i~ =Q. !~ !Q !~ CI eCI e ZZ ZZ s Z s 3= â — ' â-- â-- ~--}` é~. ~~ ~6~ l~ r r é â I s s la : PARTS LIST All resistors 1/4 watt, 5%. IC1-2650 microprocessor (Signetics) 1062-7420 R1-R6, R14, R18-10,000 ohms IC2-1C10, IC21, IC22, IC78, IC79-74126 1063, IC67-7404 R7, R8, R16, R17-1000 ohms IC11, IC64, IC69-7408 IC66-74109 R9-330 ohms IC 12-7414 IC70-7425 R10-150 ohms IC13, IC17-3624, pre-programmed IC72-555, timer R11-82 ohms PROM containing supervisor program IC73-74123 R12-100 ohms IC14-1C16, 1C18-ÎC20, 1C48-3624, IC74-CA3130 R13-620 ohms PROM (see text) XTAL1-14.192640 MHz series-resonant R15-470 ohms 1C23, IC24, IC65, IC75, IC77-7474 crystal R19-20,000 ohms IC25, IC71, IC76-7400 MISC.-One 40-pin DIP socket for IC1, R20-68,000 ohms IC26-9344, 4-bit by 2-bit multiplier six 16-pin DIP sockets and printed- R21, R22-20,000-ohm trimmer (Fairchild) circuit board. potentiometer 1C27-IC29-74157 The following parts may be ordered Cl, C2, C11-100 pF, disc 1C30-1C45-2102-1, RAM (Signetics) from: Central Data Company, P.O. Bc • C3, C14-100 /IF, 16 volt, electrolytic IC46, 1C47-74125 2484, Station A, Champaign, IL 61820. C4, C8-0.01 ALF, disc IC49-3624, pre-programmed PROM IC49-3624, pre-programmed PROM C5, C6, C7, C9, C15-C29-0.1 (OF. disc character generator, upper case character generator, upper case, $27. C10-0.0022 µF 1050-1052, 1055-1058-74163 IC13, IC17-3624, pre-programmes C12, C13-0.056 µF, ± 10% polyester film IC53-74SO4 PROM containing supervisor progran D1, D2-1N914 diode IC54-7410 $27 each. D3-1N4729 Zener IC59-7432 PC board, predrilled and etched, $30 D4, D5-1N4148 diode IC60-74166 An assembled and tested microcom 01, Q2-2N5139 transistor 1061, IC68-7411 puter board, $325.
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