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Vcf Pnw 2019
VCF PNW 2019 http://vcfed.org/vcf-pnw/ Schedule Saturday 10:00 AM Museum opens and VCF PNW 2019 starts 11:00 AM Erik Klein, opening comments from VCFed.org Stephen M. Jones, opening comments from Living Computers:Museum+Labs 1:00 PM Joe Decuir, IEEE Fellow, Three generations of animation machines: Atari and Amiga 2:30 PM Geoff Pool, From Minix to GNU/Linux - A Retrospective 4:00 PM Chris Rutkowski, The birth of the Business PC - How volatile markets evolve 5:00 PM Museum closes - come back tomorrow! Sunday 10:00 AM Day two of VCF PNW 2019 begins 11:00 AM John Durno, The Lost Art of Telidon 1:00 PM Lars Brinkhoff, ITS: Incompatible Timesharing System 2:30 PM Steve Jamieson, A Brief History of British Computing 4:00 PM Presentation of show awards and wrap-up Exhibitors One of the defining attributes of a Vintage Computer Festival is that exhibits are interactive; VCF exhibitors put in an amazing amount of effort to not only bring their favorite pieces of computing history, but to make them come alive. Be sure to visit all of them, ask questions, play, learn, take pictures, etc. And consider coming back one day as an exhibitor yourself! Rick Bensene, Wang Laboratories’ Electronic Calculators, An exhibit of Wang Labs electronic calculators from their first mass-market calculator, the Wang LOCI-2, through the last of their calculators, the C-Series. The exhibit includes examples of nearly every series of electronic calculator that Wang Laboratories sold, unusual and rare peripheral devices, documentation, and ephemera relating to Wang Labs calculator business. -
Introduction Mainframes
LL I I I I Introduction . 11.. V ZI i ..O. There is little question that the current enthusiasm in personal computing was catalyzed by the introduction of the MITS Altair computer kit in January 1975. This computer kit demonstrated by its cost (originally less than $400) that individuals could now afford a computer. And by its design the Altair established a standard bus structure for the personal computing industry. Less than six months after MITS announced the Altair computer, other manufacturers were announcing com- patible memory boards, interface boards, and peripherals. Within the year bus-compatible mainframes were also introduced. Today over 50 manufacturers support what is known as the Standard 100 or S-100 bus derived from the 100-wire bus used in the original Altair computer. Over 20,000 mainframes using the S-100 bus are now in the field. One key reason for the rapid growth of the personal computer industry can be found in the widespread adoption of a standard microcomputer bus. A second key reason can be found in the design innovations in mainframes, memories, and I/O interfaces designed for the S-100 bus. Figure 1. The basic personal computer can accept a number of standard 5" x 10" cards designed for the industry standard S-100 microcomputer bus. A large selection of CPU, memory, and interface cards offers a great deal of flexibility in system Mainframes design. The basic personal computer mainframe consists of a CPU, computer bus, and power supply. Most mainframes are sold in kit form (Figure 1). Without exception in the personal computing industry of manufacturer support for the S-100 bus, no fewer than a microprocessor serves as the CPU. -
Microprocessors in the 1970'S
Part II 1970's -- The Altair/Apple Era. 3/1 3/2 Part II 1970’s -- The Altair/Apple era Figure 3.1: A graphical history of personal computers in the 1970’s, the MITS Altair and Apple Computer era. Microprocessors in the 1970’s 3/3 Figure 3.2: Andrew S. Grove, Robert N. Noyce and Gordon E. Moore. Figure 3.3: Marcian E. “Ted” Hoff. Photographs are courtesy of Intel Corporation. 3/4 Part II 1970’s -- The Altair/Apple era Figure 3.4: The Intel MCS-4 (Micro Computer System 4) basic system. Figure 3.5: A photomicrograph of the Intel 4004 microprocessor. Photographs are courtesy of Intel Corporation. Chapter 3 Microprocessors in the 1970's The creation of the transistor in 1947 and the development of the integrated circuit in 1958/59, is the technology that formed the basis for the microprocessor. Initially the technology only enabled a restricted number of components on a single chip. However this changed significantly in the following years. The technology evolved from Small Scale Integration (SSI) in the early 1960's to Medium Scale Integration (MSI) with a few hundred components in the mid 1960's. By the late 1960's LSI (Large Scale Integration) chips with thousands of components had occurred. This rapid increase in the number of components in an integrated circuit led to what became known as Moore’s Law. The concept of this law was described by Gordon Moore in an article entitled “Cramming More Components Onto Integrated Circuits” in the April 1965 issue of Electronics magazine [338]. -
Timeline of Computer History
Timeline of Computer History By Year By Category Search AI & Robotics (55) Computers (145)(145) Graphics & Games (48) Memory & Storage (61) Networking & The Popular Culture (50) Software & Languages (60) Bell Laboratories scientist 1937 George Stibitz uses relays for a Hewlett-Packard is founded demonstration adder 1939 Hewlett and Packard in their garage workshop “Model K” Adder David Packard and Bill Hewlett found their company in a Alto, California garage. Their first product, the HP 200A A Called the “Model K” Adder because he built it on his Oscillator, rapidly became a popular piece of test equipm “Kitchen” table, this simple demonstration circuit provides for engineers. Walt Disney Pictures ordered eight of the 2 proof of concept for applying Boolean logic to the design of model to test recording equipment and speaker systems computers, resulting in construction of the relay-based Model the 12 specially equipped theatres that showed the movie I Complex Calculator in 1939. That same year in Germany, “Fantasia” in 1940. engineer Konrad Zuse built his Z2 computer, also using telephone company relays. The Complex Number Calculat 1940 Konrad Zuse finishes the Z3 (CNC) is completed Computer 1941 The Zuse Z3 Computer The Z3, an early computer built by German engineer Konrad Zuse working in complete isolation from developments elsewhere, uses 2,300 relays, performs floating point binary arithmetic, and has a 22-bit word length. The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943. Zuse later supervised a reconstruction of the Z3 in the 1960s, which is currently on Operator at Complex Number Calculator (CNC) display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. -
FF7W Sponsors ACR Standards Meeting and from There to the Factory It Is Just a Short Walk
HITS MOVING TO EXPANDED FACILITY by David Bunnell tentatively scheduled for March, Altairs to Albuquerque for demonstra- 1976. All Altair owners will be in- tion purposes. Prizes worth several By the end of January, 1976, it vited to attend this convention. thousand dollars will be awarded to is hoped that MITS will be in its the best demonstrations in each of new facility near the Albuquerque While formal plans for this an undetermined number of catagories. Airport. Internal construction has convention have not been finalized, (We will be looking for unique ap- been in progress for several weeks $ an outline of this event calls for a plications as well as well-developed and plans call for moving the pro- weekend of seminars and demonstra- traditional applications.) duction department before Christmas. tions. The seminars will be con- Administrative departments will move ducted by MITS engineers and software writers and will cover a wide range during January. Since the new MITS plant is of topics of interest to Altair users. located close to the Albuquerque In connection with this move, Airport, it will be very convenient there will be a combined open-house, Hobby clubs and individual Al- for out-of-town Altair users to at- World Altair Computer Convention, tair owners are asked to bring their tend the convention. Hotel reserva- tions can be made at the Albuquerque Airport Marina Hotel across the street from the terminal building, FF7W Sponsors ACR Standards Meeting and from there to the factory it is just a short walk. Users and manufacturers of audio The rest of the meeting was cassette data recording hardware at- spent primarily on discussion of mod- tended a symposium sponsored by BYTE ulation techniques. -
Periodical Guide for Computerists 1977
PERIODICAL GUIDE FOR COMPUTERISTS An Index of Magazine Articles for Computer Hobbyists January - December 1977 PERIODICAL GUIDE FOR COMPUTERISTS 1977 TABLE OF CONTENTS AMATEUR RADIO---------------------- 3 MICROCOMPUTERS ANALOG HARDWARE AND CIRCUITS------- 3 GENERAL------------------------- 36 APPLICATIONS, GENERAL-------------- 4 FUNDAMENTALS AND DESIGN--------- 37 ART--------------------------------5 SELECTION GUIDE----------------- 38 ASTRONOMY--------------------------6 AL TAI R 8800 & 680--------------- 38 BAR CODES--------------------------6 APPLE---------------------------39 BIORYTHMS--------------------------6 DI GIT AL GROUP------------------- 39 BIO FEEDBACK------------------------ 6 ELF & VIP ( COSMAC)-------------- 39 BOOKS AND PUBLICATIONS-------------6 HEATHKIT------------------------ 39 BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTING------------ 7 IMSAI--------------------------- 39 CALCULATORS------------------------ 8 INTERCEPT IM6100---------------- 39 CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS------------ 9 KIM----------------------------- 39 CLOCKS-----------------------------·9 PET----------------------------- 40 COMMUNICATION---------------------- 10 RADIO SHACK--------------------- 40 CONSTRUCTION----------------------- 10 SOL----------------------------- 40 CONTROL---------------------------- 11 SPHERE-------------------------- 40 CON VE RS ION, CODE------------------- 11 SWTPC--------------------------- 40 CONVERSION, NUMBER BASE------------ 11 WAVE MATE----------------------- 40 DEBUG------------------------------ 12 OTHER MICROCOMPUTERS------------ 41 -
2650 CPU Manual
SIGRET101 2650 MICROPROCESSOR CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION INTRODUCING THE 2650 FAMILY 3 FEATURES OF THE 2650 FAMILY 4 Family Approach 4 Microprocessor Features 4 Compatible Products 5 PROCESSOR HARDWARE DESCRIPTION. 6 Architecture 6 Interfacing 8 Instruction Set 12 SUPPORT 15 Documentation 15 Software Support 15 Prototyping Hardware 16 System Compatible Families 16 II 2650 HARDWARE INTRODUCTION 19 General Features 18 Applications 20 INTERNAL ORGANIZATION 21 Internal Registers 21 Program Status Word 22 Memory Organization 27 INTERFACE 29 Signals 29 Signal Timing 34 Electrical Characteristics 37 Interface Signals 39 Pin Configuration 39 FEATURES 41 Input/Output Facilities 41 Interrupt Mechanism 43 Subroutine Linkage 45 Condition Code Usage 45 Start-up Procedure 46 INSTRUCTIONS 47 Addressing Modes 47 Instruction Formats 51 Detailed Processor Instructions 52 III 2650 ASSEMBLER LANGUAGE INTRODUCTION 93 LANGUAGE ELEMENTS 97 Characters 97 Symbols 97 Constants 97 Multiple Constant Specifications 99 Expressions 99 Special Operators 100 SYNTAX 101 Fields 101 Symbols 102 Symbolic References 102 Symbolic Addressing 102 PROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS 105 DIRECTIVES TO THE 2650 ASSEMBLER 106 THE ASSEMBLY PROCESS 115 Assembly Listing 118 IV 2650 SIMULATOR INTRODUCTION 123 SIMULATOR OPERATION 124 General 124 Simulated Processor State 124 Simulated Memory 125 Simulated Input/Output Instructions 125 USER COMMANDS 126 General 126 Command Formats 127 Command Descriptions 130 SIMULATOR DISPLAY (LISTING) 139 V APPENDIXES APPENDIX A MEMORY INTERFACE EXAMPLE 147 APPENDIX B I/O INTERFACE EXAMPLE 148 APPENDIX C INSTRUCTIONS, ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 149 APPENDIX D INSTRUCTION SUMMARY 151 APPENDIX E SUMMARY OF 2650 INSTRUCTION MNEMONICS . 160 APPENDIX F NOTES ABOUT THE 2650 PROCESSOR 162 APPENDIX G ASCII AND EBCDIC CODES 163 APPENDIX H COMPLETE ASCII CHARACTER SET 164 APPENDIX I POWERS OF TWO TABLE 165 APPENDIX J HEXADECIMAL-DECIMAL CONVERSION TABLES . -
!Ii!Ldolic!I a Subsidiary of U.S
Introduction to The SOTM Desktop Computer !ii!lDOliC!i a subsidiary of U.S. Philips Corporation Introduction to The Desktop Computer by J. E. Doll ·9jg10bG9 a subsidiary of U.S. Philips Corporation Signetics reserves the right to make changes in the products contained in this book in order to improve design or performance and to supply the best possible products. Signetics also assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuits de scribed herein, conveys no license under any patent or other right, and makes no representations that the circuits are free from patent infringement. Applications for any integrated circuits contained in this publication are for illustration pur poses only and Signetics makes no representation or warranty that such applica tions will be suitable for the use specified without further testing or modification. Reproduction of any portion hereof without the prior written consent of Signetics is prohibited. © 1978 Signetics Corporation PREFACE Computers today are a pervasive part of our society. No longer the exclusive domain of large corporations, computers are now available to nearly everyone at a price comparable to good stereo equipment. Specialized computers are already being used in home appliances, video games, and automobiles. This manual is written especially for people just starting to explore the world of computers. It is designed to give you background information, an understanding of how computers work, and insights into their functions. As you read the manual, you will be introduced to a lot of new terminology. You are urged to pay particluar attention to these new terms, called "buzz words," as they are defined. -
Microprocessor Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Page 1 Of 16
Microprocessor - Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Page 1of 16 Microprocessor From Wikipedia,the free encyclopedia A microprocessor incorporatesthefunctionsof acomputer's central processingunit(CPU)onasingle integratedcircuit,[1] (IC)oratmostafewintegratedcircuits. [2]Itisa multipurpose,programmabledevicethataccepts digitaldata asinput,processesitaccordingtoinstructionsstoredinits memory,andprovidesresultsasoutput.Itisanexampleof sequentialdigitallogic,asithasinternalmemory. Microprocessorsoperateonnumbersandsymbols representedin the binarynumeralsystem. Theadventoflow-costcomputersonintegratedcircuitshas transformedmodernsociety.General-purpose microprocessorsinpersonalcomputersareusedfor computation,textediting,multimediadisplay,and Intel 4004,thefirstgeneral-purpose, communicationovertheInternet.Manymore commercial microprocessor microprocessorsare partof embeddedsystems,providing digitalcontrolofamyriadofobjectsfromappliancesto automobilestocellular phonesandindustrial processcontrol. Contents ■ 1Origins ■ 2Embeddedapplications ■ 3Structure ■ 4Firsts ■ 4.1Intel4004 ■ 4.2TMS1000 ■ 4.3Pico/GeneralInstrument ■ 4.4CADC ■ 4.5GilbertHyatt ■ 4.6Four-PhaseSystemsAL1 ■ 58bitdesigns ■ 612bitdesigns ■ 716bitdesigns ■ 832bitdesigns ■ 964bitdesignsinpersonalcomputers ■ 10Multicoredesigns ■ 11RISC ■ 12Special-purposedesigns ■ 13Marketstatistics ■ 14See also ■ 15Notes ■ 16References ■ 17Externallinks http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor 2012 -03 -01 Microprocessor -Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Page 2of 16 Origins Duringthe1960s,computer processorswereconstructedoutofsmallandmedium-scaleICseach -
基于 Arm ® Cortex® -M 的 微控制器产品方案介绍
基于 Arm® Cortex® -M 的 微控制器产品方案介绍 Wei Wang September 2018 | APF-TRD-T3275 Company External – NXP, the NXP logo, and NXP secure connections for a smarter world are trademarks of NXP B.V. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2018 NXP B.V. Agenda • 通用市场新产品概览 • 专用市场新产品概览 • 跨界处理器 • 一站式开发工具和方案 • 参考设计和方案 • 物联网开发平台 • i.MX RT • Kinetis, DSC, S08 • LPC • 无线连接 – JN/QN/KW PUBLIC 1 关注 NXP 官方公众号和 MCU 技术公众号 NXP客栈 恩智浦MCU加油站 PUBLIC 2 HOME ETHERNET GATEWAY SWITCH Cloud Infrastructure NXP Cloud Software Platform built on top of leading cloud partners (e.g. Azure, AWS, GCP, Alibaba, Baidu, etc.) WIRELESS INDUSTRIAL ROUTER CONTROLLER Customer Solution App App App Provisioning & Authentication Middleware Data Analytics RTOS, Linux, Android … Services foundation NXP SW Platform Machine Learning PUBLIC 3 面向 AI-IOT 的可扩展处理器平台 M4 – A53 – A72 4K HEVC M4 - A53 128 GFLOPS GPU 4K HDR - Dolby A7 64GFLOPS GPU LX2160 CSI - LCD LS 2088 16xA72 M4 – A35 LS1046 280 GFlops 4K i.MX 8 8xA72 100 Gbps 28GFLOPS GPU LS1043 i.MX 8M 128 GFlops 40 Gbps i.MX 8X LS 1012 4xA72 58 GFlops i.MX 6UL/ULL/ULZ 4xA53 20 Gbps i.MX RT i.MX 7ULP 50 GFlops Performance 1xA53 10 Gbps 12 GFlops M4 + Connectivity 2 Gbps Secure Boot Crypto accel K4 LPC QN, JN M7 @ 600 MHz QSPI Secure Boot Multimedia Acceleration Networking Acceleration Integration PUBLIC 4 可扩展的嵌入式 AI-IOT “云管端”平台 Voice Gesture Active Object Personal / Home Multi-stream Multi-camera Augmented Processing Control Recognition Property Environment Camera Observation Reality & 360 view Low-end Edge Compute -
TV Typewriter Cookbook
TV Typewriter Cookbook by Don Lancaster SYNERGETICS SP PRESS 3860 West First Street, Thatcher, AZ 85552 USA (928) 428-4073 http://www.tinaja.com Copyright © 2010 by Synergetics Press Thatcher, Arizona 95552 THIRD EDITION FIRST PRINTING—2010 All rights reserved. Reproduction or use, without express permission of editorial or pictorial content, in any manner, is prohibited. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. While every precaution has been taken in the preperation of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. International Standard Book Number: 1-882193-13-4 Created in the United States of America. Preface This book shows you how to put your own words and pictures on ordinary tv sets. It's also a book on cheap things that can be connected to a microprocessor to get it to do genuinely useful tasks. If you are a computer hobbyist with a home-brew lashup, a serious professional data processor concerned with low-cost small machine systems, a video games freak, or a ham working with rttv. vou will find in depth information on tv typewriter technology, which today represents the only truly low-cost ( $30 to $150) microcomputer and small-systems display interface. If you are a software specialist, we \>\-ill be showing you the hardware that makes your software work, giving you the depth of background you will need for effec tive and efficient small-systems coding. If you are teaching micro processors, you will find this book useful as a primary or supple mental text on the high school through university levels. -
2650 Micoprocessor
PHILIPS Technical PHILIPS Electronic note COmplOnentSt and materials 132 The 2656 CP1002 system memory interface The Signetics 2656 System Memory Interface (SMI), Fig. 1, Used as a system interface in a multi-chip microcomputer, is a mask programmable circuit with on-chip memory, I/O, with larger memory and/or additional peripheral require- and timing functions. It is usable either in 2-chip or multi- ments, the programmable versatility of the SMI provides chip microcomputer systems. Used with the 2650 micro- decoded chip enable outputs. These outputs connect processor, it provides a 2-chip microcomputer with 2Kx8 directly to other memory or I/O functional blocks with bits of ROM, 128x8 bits of RAM, and an 8-bit input- few and often no requirement for additional interfacing output port. chips. This reduces both chip count and cost in complex microcomputer systems. ADRLSB's _ _~ DBO —DBE DATA BUS DATA 128X8 RAM RAM ENABLE R/W Z ♦ r X O V ~► X 1 LATCH ENABLE r a w ~ rX 2 18 X 11 R/W A O —A'14 ~,~ rX3 multi— PROGRAMMABLE purpose GATE ~ ♦ r X 4 pins —r DATA 3 ARRAY ♦ r X S control —r IPGAI ♦ r X B signals LL EXTERNAL CHIP ENABLES R/W ROM ENABLE R/W —~ CONTROL DATA 2048 X 8 R/W ROM CLOCK clock ♦ ADR LSB's crystal, RC or external clock ~zae, oe crystal +5V G~D or ♦ reset out i Pig. 1 Schematic diagram of the 2656 SMI. s;~n~t~cs This publication describes the 2656 CP1002 pre-program- Pipbug medversion of the SMI.