Small Satellite Programme @ ISRO Global Markets/ National Requirements Make in India by Dr. J. Krishna Kishore, Associate Project Director, SPADEX, ISRO

Small Satellite Programme @ ISRO Global Markets/ National Requirements Make in India By Dr. J. Krishna Kishore, Associate Project Director, SPADEX, ISRO

59th Annual Technical Convention IETE Sept 2016 New Delhi SMALL SATELLITES – AN INTRODUCTION

Why small satellites?

• Lower costs • Reduced cycle times for realization • Versatile – Flexi bus concept • Advances in micro electronics / mechanics • Easy to assemble and test • Use COTS technologies, but robust design • Complementary role to traditional big satellites

Three key differences from larger satellites: • Shortened life-cycle - “Faster, Better, Cheaper” principles • Mass production via Factory Model • Concurrent engineering

IRS-P6 1360kg Carto2 - 690kg Saral 400 kg IMS-1 83kg Nsat-10 kg Psat-1kg Fsat-0.1kg

Large Small Mini Micro Nano Pico Femto

2 Small Satellite Programme @ ISRO • A Rich Tradition of over 25+ years : SROSS to SARAL. Significant involvement of Vendor support.

• SROSS was a 100+ Kg satellite which was realized for ASLV that helped PSLV. This experience helped in realizing IMS-1 and IMS-2 by incorporating the developments of miniaturization.

• IMS- 1 ( 100 Kg Spacecraft --- Micro-satellite ) Youthsat / Mircosat • IMS-2 ( 400 Kg Spacecraft – Mini satellite ) SARAL, France / Scatsat-1 and HySIS / HRSAT etc.,

• Small Satellite Courses to highlight our capability / capacity - global outreach to enhance business potential

* Student Satellite Programme @ Academia

• Small Satellites / Constellation proposals being received @ ANTRIX • Small Satellite Constellations being planned by ISRO Growing importance of Small Satellites : Global Scenario https://www.rocketlabusa.com •Rocket Lab is developing a dedicated small satellite launch vehicle at < $ 5 million per launch. Rocket Lab plans to provide at least 100 launches per year. The company announced that the design capacity is 150 kg to 500 km orbit. * UK, Surrey Satellite Technology Limited - Global leader in Small Satellites

• Korea, Satrec : Strong Manufacturing Skill for Small Satellites.

• Israel Space Agency (ISA) : Strong Manufacturing Skill for Small Satellites.

One – Web : 900 Micro S/C to ensure broadband services - internet / communication. Each S/ C < 150kg and cost less than half a million dollars

Space X of Elion Musk has grand plans to launch more than 4,000 Small Satellites into Earth orbit over 15 years to ensure global access to Internet.

Google / Terrabella ( Skybox ) : Fleet of 180 satellites to provide high revisit

Samsung : 4500+ Satellites to provide internet ( proposal stage ) Samsung outlines how 4600 satellites could enable Tbit/s broadband connectivity http://terrabellatech.blogspot.in/2014/02/building-worlds-most- capable.html

SkySat-1 is a high performance micro-satellite. It has delivered terabytes of spectacular sub-meter imagery and video - data of incredible business value - at costs lower to earlier systems. Reason for Success --- Manufacturing Concepts adopted by GOOGLE – Terrabella ( Skybox ) OneWeb: First Factory Model for Small Satellites @ America http://www.floridatoday.com/story/tech/science/space/2016/04/19/ oneweb-build-satellites-space-coast/83194754 America - Millennium Space Systems: Factory of the New Millennium (40 S /C per annum) www.millennium-space.com. Millennium Space Systems develops solutions for DoD and NASA. The company has opened “Factory of the New Millennium” in El Segudo, California. The 70,000 square foot facility will accommodate all of Millennium’s satellite Engineering, OneWeb satellites plans to deliver 15 manufacturing and mission operations small communication spacecraft (for activities in addition to 12,000 SFT of internet) a week from its assembly line, dedicated SCIF space. The factory was 900 Internet broadcasting satellites built to accommodate the design, weighing less than 150 kilograms for engineering and production of more launches beginning in 2018 and are than 40 satellites simultaneously for expected to cost less than half a million rapid development cycles. dollars each, Small Satellite Realization- Supply Chain Satellite Work Modules Payload, Inertial Elements, Sensors, Avionics, Structure etc., Suppliers External Vendors Space Grade Subsystem fabrication & Components, Bare Testing PCBs, materials

Infrastructure/ DOS Facilities/ Human Policy Resources Making & Assembly Integration Guidelines & Testing

User / Customer Launcher & Launch Station Tracking & command Data Reception Station Satellites : Distribution of work-elements in different ISRO Centers.

ISAC LEOS SAC IISU LPSC ISTRAC MCF

S/C Industry

• Capability and Capacity building :: Vendors have been trained in each center & have considerable Sub-System experience. * Time for value addition in Supply Chain via Integration. Goal : Small Satellite realization through Indian Industry with minimal support from ISRO to achieve 5% share in Global Market and meet National Requirements Small Satellites $$ Sub Systems to Spacecraft -- PPP framework

Activities @ Only Wet-leasing Work at vendor site Solely by Spacecraft / Sub- by ISRO ( by vendor in with min. ISRO Industry Systems (stage 1) ISRO campus) support (Stage 3) (Stage 4) (Stage 2) Payload Mission & AOCS Avionics Sensor Elements Inertial Elements Propulsion Elements

Mechanical & Structures Harness of S/C Test Facilities Assembly / Integration & Testing Shipment for Launch

Existing Vendors have ability to become Stake Holders General Activities of Sub-Systems delivery to S/C - Pre AIT Phase Sub-Systems Hardware Software Test Mechanical T & E / Systems R & QA

Payload Mission & AOCS

Avionics Sensor Elements

Inertial Elements

Propulsion Elements Mechanical & Structures Harness of S/C

This Supply Chain needs to be extended to S / C Activities - Small Satellite Manufacturing Complex Road Map $ Small Satellites $ Make in India / Digital India * Small Satellite realization is within reach of Indian Industry with minimal support from ISRO ( 80 / 20 ).

• Goal of 5% share in Global Market + National Requirements in 5 years. 250 Satellites in 5 years -> 50 S/C per annum -- > Make in India

• Capacity / Capability building of Indian Industry to realize 12 Small Satellites per annum & increase it to 50 Satellite per annum after 2 to 3 years.

* COTS philosophy / Mil Components in place of Hi-Rel components wherever possible will make it easy for Constellations / Costing.

• Industry to establish a dedicated Small Satellite Manufacturing Complex . ISRO to provide consultancy / training & hand-holding in initial phase.

• Additional business opportunity in ground segment ( H/W & tracking services ), data processing, analysis & applications to downstream services.

• Replacement of launched satellites will be additional business in Future.

RESEARCH TRENDS & TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS – DRIVERS FOR MAKE IN INDIA

Dr M H Kori

•Non Orthogonal Multiple Access •Massive MIMO •Probabilistic Constellation Shaping •mmwave for mobile communication •Beyond 4G – for IoT

•Find Solutions for real life problems •Use Technology •Innovate •Design & Manufacture in India •Own IPRs

•Education . Virtual / Hybrid Labs . Aggregation . Accreditation •Medical / Health Care •Transportation / Automotive •Resource Management •Environment . Pollution

Start Ups

•Too many “Me-Too” – ideas that are replicas •Suddenly everyone wanted to solve the problem of food delivery in India or laundry •Entrepreneurs started to expect very high valuations with ideas that at best were replicas and little traction. •Weak unit economics, and entrepreneurs who were largely opportunistically entering these spaces without any real passion or pertinent skill- set driving them.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006, ##### •Unfortunately, these entrepreneurs were able to raise money from investors at these high valuations. Raising money became the norm suddenly, not the exception. •The fear of missing out (FOMO) ran high amongst investors – many of whom were either first-time investors or investors who had missed the “unicorn” bus. We were under pressure too – surprisingly, it was tougher than ever to say no to startup ideas that just failed to make any business sense.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006, ##### •Interesting problems still remain unsolved: After the hysteria of hyperlocal delivery and food tech dies down, entrepreneurs must realise that India has a large number of basic, interesting, and uniquely Indian problems yet to be solved. •Technology, specifically mobile and Internet technology, can be leveraged to solve hitherto hard-to-solve problems, whether it is making payments easier, aggregating unorganised markets/verticals, or using data analytics/big data to make services and products more targeted.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006, ##### •There are several interesting themes: •These include, but are not limited to, financial technology, healthcare technology, education technology, media and entertainment tech (including video), marketplaces, mobile security technology, utility apps, and enterprise software products. •We can't wait to be surprised by what the Indian entrepreneurs throw at us this year.

• All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006, ##### • India is already a world leader in IT software and services. • With the Make in India initiative, the government hopes to bring rapid growth to the electronics sector. • Indians bought 53 million smartphones in 2014, out of this 21.6 million smartphones were sold in the fourth quarter of the year - world’s third-largest smartphone market in terms of the number devices sold. • While millions of smartphones are being “sold in India”, hardly any are being “made in India”.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006, ##### •India is emerging as the epicenter of consumer demand fuelled by a phenomenal GDP growth. •Demand increased across all sectors - particularly demand for high technology products, specifically electronic products has registered significant growth •Demand for electronics hardware in the country is projected to increase from USD 45 billion in 2009 to USD400 billion by 2020

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006, ##### All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006, ##### •The estimated production will reach USD 104 billion by the year 2020, creating a gap of USD 296 billion in demand and production. •This creates a unique opportunity for companies in the ESDM (Electronic System Design & Manufacturing) sector to look at India as their next destination to cater to the domestic Indian demand as well as act as an exports hub.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006, ##### •Demand for electronics hardware is rapidly increasing in India and is projected to rise to $400 billion by 2020 •Domestic production is expected to reach $104 billion, creating a gap of $296 billion between demand and production. •If India doesn’t move to reduce the widening gap, the country’s electronics import bill may surpass its oil import bill by 2020. All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006, ##### • Semiconductor FAB, • Telecom products, • LED FAB and products, • Automotive electronics, • Semiconductor ATMPs, • Consumer Electronics and Appliances, • Hand-held devices including Smartphone and Tablets, • Strategic Electronics, • EMC, • Avionics and

• Medical Electronics etc.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006, ##### • A lot of buzz surrounds manufacturing as we embark on the digital millennium: • Internet of Things, • out-of-cage robots, • 3-D printing, • big data analytics, • smart manufacturing, and • new ways to collaborate. • The impact of these developments will unlock new value. • Is manufacturing on the cusp of another revolution?

• The internet of Things (IoT) - It’s an area which every player in the ESDM industry is excited about. IoT will be a key driver for growth and innovation in the semiconductor industry. • Technology Advancements, Infrastructure availability, high customer demand and supplier push by semiconductor industry have enabled IoT growth. • Telecom carriers are expecting huge growth opportunity in IoT especially in case of devices that require mobility such as ‘Connected Cars’. Global companies are investing in strategic partnerships with R&D service providers for experimenting with IoT product roadmap.

•Shift towards mid/low range smartphones- Consumers today are moving towards cheaper smartphones without compromising on capabilities. •This shift will lead to the need for the innovation for smarter and cheaper electronics

• Advancement and growth of the medical device industry-The medical electronics systems market, driven by growing demand for lower cost systems and the higher price tag of more sophisticated hospital equipment in developed country markets . • The significant growth in lower cost wearable medical systems that wirelessly transmit a patient’s vital signs to doctors via cell phones or the Internet and fitness monitors that are used as activity trackers has led to a significant demand for smarter and more efficient semiconductors.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006, ##### SANKET - ECG •Agatsa Technology’s credit-card-sized ECG monitor, Sanket, can measure ECG and stress levels by using just a thumb-touch. • The ECG is immediately displayed on a mobile screen and can be relayed to anyone across the globe using Whatsapp, email or even SMS. •This means that with an ECG Report generated within 15 seconds, a report can be sent to the patient’s doctor instantly!

•After five years of development and about 40,000 tests worldwide, the smartphone-powered eye- test devices developed by MIT spinout EyeNetra is coming to hospitals, optometric clinics, optical stores, and even homes nationwide. •But on the heels of its commercial release, EyeNetra says it’s been pursuing opportunities to collaborate with virtual-reality companies seeking to use the technology to develop “vision- corrected” virtual-reality displays.

PocketLab Sensor PocketLab App Software Integration Make experiments like: Measure data with: Integrate learning through: • Earthquake Seismometer • iPad, iPhone, iPod • Scratch Programming • Magnetic Minesweeper • Android phones, tablets • Google Drive • Soup Can Race • Chromebooks • Microsoft Excel • Ideal Gas Law • Windows PCs, 2-in-1s, tablets

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006, ##### Pocket Lab •PocketLab connects with a single button to a smart phone, tablet, Chromebook, or computer and instantly streams data that you can see and record. •PocketLab measures motion, acceleration, angular velocity, magnetic field, pressure, altitude, and temperature. •Using the PocketLab app, you can easily analyze your data, create graphs, and integrate your data with other software. •PocketLab has the same features as lab equipment that costs thousands of dollars but is low cost and intuitiveAll Rightsto Reserved use. © Alcatel-Lucent 2006, ##### Caterpillar - Uptake

• Internet of Things, likely grow to 25 to 50 billion Internet- connected objects by 2020. • Internet-connected devices like smart thermostats and machines like Caterpillar’s autonomous mining trucks are using data analytics to increase safety, convenience, comfort and energy efficiency. • focused on the connectivity of machines and engines – the Internet of BIG Things. • Products around the world are already outfitted with sensors monitoring fuel, idle times, location and a variety of inputs that provide valuable information. • a locomotive has 300 sensors with the capability to spit out data in milliseconds.

• Through Cat® Connect and Cat Minestar™, hundreds of sensors on machines and engines send terabytes of data to state of the art monitoring facilities at Caterpillar and Cat dealers. • Cat off-road mining trucks are operating autonomously 24 hours a day, seven days a week – using sensors, radar, LiDAR and satellite communications. • A recent investment in Uptake to develop the next generation of predictive data analytics. • EMD locomotives’ updated IntelliTrain™ application is shifting from time-based to condition-based maintenance, which will improve availability and help avoid catastrophic failures.

• IoT – This is an industry which is seeing expenditure in trillions, with a potential $15 billion market to be created in India by 2020. Needless to say, IoT is a key market driver. • Growth in the automotive industry – Automotive sales are rising and cars are getting smarter and savvy. With growing awareness and increasingly stringent emission policies, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are on the rise and these vehicles pose a unique opportunity for the semiconductor industry. The increased need for, e.g., navigation and fuel efficiency for vehicles in the automotive industry, is driving the growth for electronic content per vehicle. As a result, semiconductor content in them will rise as well. • Further rise in smartphone sales – India is set to become the second highest user of smartphones in the world. This rise in the domestic market will be a key driver.

•CarIQ makes cars smarter thanks to a device which records both traditional data from your car, such as mileage and speed, as well as driving patterns. •A bit like Waze, it’s also connected to a community of peers where you can compare your stats with friends, or with people in the same place, or with the same make and brand of car.

•CarIQ was launched in 2012, and the device and software is now available on pre-order for 6000 Indian rupees ($97), including a two year warranty and no additional fees. Among the features offered: towing alerts, battery monitor, social badges for drivers, personalised driving tips and export of all data of your car.

• SenseGiz has a good pitch. Everyday, we spend about 55 minutes to look for things, which is 5 days per year. • With small sensors you can apply to any object, the promise of SenseGiz is to give you back this time. • So far, the startups has sold 10 000 units in 50 countries, both for customers directly as well as to retailers. Again, the product is made and manufactured fully in India. • Each sensor is a small square of 4 centimetres and half a centimes of width, that can be hooked or stuck to any surface, with removable batteries and Bluetooth communications. • Each sensor comes at $29.99, which sounds a bit pricey as it would be better to have a package of 5 units to tag keys, wallets, phones, dog and kids (say).

•Cloud based instant billing platform for supermarkets.

Zero-Q platform allows you to sync your phone to your shopping cart and enables customers to get product billing instantly, without the hassles of standing in a queue.

•Get a Smart-home at a cost of smartPhone.

•A revolution in smart home awesomation. Created by entrepreneurs from IIM, IISc . The smart switch allows a user to control their room ,home lighting and appliances from their smart phones

• Cooey’s end-to-end health-monitoring IoT platform allows the users to collect, store, analyze and share their medical summary with the doctor, while providing insights and personalized health tips to patients based on their medical profile. Further, it helps connect users with various healthcare service provides to get personalized services, viz., medicines, lab tests, or home care services, delivered to their doorstep. • Cooey has introduced three devices so far – Wireless Body Fat Analyzer and Blood Pressure Monitor were launched on Flipkart in November 2015. It’s Smart Glucometer is coming soon. The Company was founded in 2015 by Manu Madhusudanan and Prabhakaran T P.

• Yuktix is developing need specific environment monitoring solutions. Their IoT platform consists of a sensor catalog, a device that acquires inputs from sensors and multiple network options to send data to the cloud from anywhere. It provides a ready to market catalog for weather, air quality, gases and water sensors and more through their multiple communication options such as GSM/GPRS, Ethernet, WiFi and 6LowPAN to cover all types of needs. • To create a domain specific solution, customers can pick required sensors from the catalog, plug it in the device and start receiving data on the cloud. Further, Yuktix cloud allows them to create and group multiple devices, set notifications for important events and store and visualize data. They provide API and connectors to make system integration easy.

The automotive industry

• Vehicle manufacturers in cooperation with mobile network operators have begun offering customers the “connected car” – which today means a mobile WiFi hotspot along with the possibility of additional applications. • A number of car manufacturers (including Mercedes, Ford, Volvo, the Volkswagen Group and Toyota), high-tech companies (Google, Intel and others) and network operators, are funding research into future automotive technology. • Safety, efficiency and environmental concerns focus on a future connected car, providing driver aids including active, real-time junction-by-junction traffic information. • Their ultimate goal is a driverless car, able to complete journeys with only destination input

• Scanning probe microscope. This is a technology for measuring microscopic details of surfaces, allowing surface structures to be examined at the nanometer level. In order to operate in this dimensional range, the instruments require probes that are only a few mm in length and that scan the surface at a distance measured in nm. These probes are produced using microfabrication techniques. • Biotechnology. In biotechnology, the specimens of interest are often microscopic in size. To study these specimens, manipulators and other tools are needed that are of the same size scale. Microdevices are being developed for holding, moving, sorting, dissecting, and injecting the small samples of biomaterials under a microscope. • Electronics. Miniaturization trends in electronics have forced PCBs, contacts, and connectors to be fabricated with smaller and more complex physical details, and with mechanical structures that are consistent with the microdevices.

• Flexible electronics are circuits and systems that can be bent, folded, stretched or conformed without losing their functionality. • Hybrid electronics involves a mix of elements such as logic, memory, sensors, batteries, antennas, and various passives which may be printed or assembled on flexible substrates. • Combined with low-cost manufacturing processes, flexible hybrid electronics will present an entirely new paradigm for a wide range of electronics used in health care, consumer, automotive, aerospace, energy, defense, as well as other applications.

•Imagine skin-like electronic patches with sensors that can wirelessly alert when a pilot is fatigued, smart and flexible wrappers that can monitor the quality of food, and tablets that can be folded and kept in your pocket. •Many of these ideas are in various stages of research today, and only through an effective manufacturing pathway will these innovative research pursuits be transitioned into viable products.

• Main market drivers for flexible electronics are: • The possibility to add new functionalities: • Conformability for OLED lighting (for the automotive industry), • Conformability for OPV (energy harvesting), • Robustness for small OLED displays (for smart phones & tablets) • The possibility to create new applications: • Wearable electronics • Flexible electronics is NOT meant to below-cost, and usually uses expensive processes (MOCVD, evaporation)

•Smart Manufacturing are systems that are “fully-integrated, collaborative manufacturing systems that respond in real time to meet changing demands and conditions in the factory, in the supply network, and in customer needs.” •SM is the use of real-time data and technology when, where and in the forms that are needed by people and machines.

• Significant adoption in advanced manufacturing technology—especially additive manufacturing or 3-D printing. • New technology is now moving to upend established markets as costs plunge and quality and performance rise. • Adoption rates of advanced technologies suggest that most of America’s factory floors are either already in a disruption cycle—or expect to enter one in the next couple of years. • In fact, the scale of disruption in manufacturing threatens to remake the sector as a whole, breaking

down barriers to entry.All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006, ##### •More than two-thirds of manufacturers are already adopting 3-D printing technology in some way (including prototyping, production of end-use products and experimenting in how they use it). •Thirty-five percent of U.S. manufacturers are currently collecting and using data generated by smart sensors to enhance manufacturing / operating processes—and about 40 percent embed sensors in products that enable end-users to collect sensor-generated data.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006, ##### Frequency agile basestation vision Covering the whole RF System=Antenna+Duplex Filter+PA+LNA+Radio Frequency agile RF System Standards agile baseband <350…3500 MHz> Frequency agile antenna Software defined Antenna Multiband Antennas are already on the market Frequency agile PA Software Defined PA Single antenna connector! Tuneable active filters Frequency agile filter Software Defined Duplexer GaN LNA Frequency agile Radio Universal Software Software Defined Radio Baseband Defined LNA Focus of Classical SDR

Control

All RF units SW controlled, digital controlled analogue

Analogue Analogue RF in Analogue RF out Signal processing stage

Digital control interface (Digital setting of This is a revolution! analogue parameters) SDR in analogue domain...

Digital path

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006, ##### IoT •IoT involves a multitude of vertical markets, including .utilities, .home automation, .agriculture and .healthcare •It is ultimately expected to usher in a truly new world of wide-ranging automation, and of powerful and innovative connected applications that dramatically enhance quality of life.

•Environmental Monitoring •Media •Infrastructure management •Manufacturing •Energy Management •Medical & Healthcare Systems

• Intel • ARM • Microsoft • GE • Cisco • Accenture • Google • Amazon • IBM • HP • Samsung • Aurdino • Apple • IDC • SAP • Blackberry • Gartner • PTC • Oracle • Verizon

• Hub - Wink • Lights - Osram Lightify, Philips hue • Heating - Nest • Old Tech - Wireless switches - Belkin WeMo • New Tech - Built In - coffee Makers • Security - Motion Sensors, Cameras - NestCam • Convenience - Car - Automatic • Notification - Smartwatch - Pebble • Triggers - IFTTT • Control - Smartphone - Amazon Echo

• IFTTT is a free web-based service that allows users to create chains of simple conditional statements, called "recipes", which are triggered based on changes to other web services such as Gmail, Facebook, Instagram, and Pinterest.[4] IFTTT is an abbreviation of "If This Then That". • With IFTTT, the possibilities are endless. just about any app, device or function can be used as a trigger to enable, disable or change a function and a chain of triggers is also possible. As an example, you can now take a nap on the train ride home and based on the location the phone or smartwatch will wake you up just in time for your stop.

REMOTE ACCESS . Increased traffic congestion . Creation of unsafe conditions

SYSTEM CONTROL . Device manipulation . Remote monitoring . Creation of unsafe conditions

SERVICE MANIPULATION . Environmental degradation . System shutdown . Lost revenue

Potential impact to services and public safety