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Makkah, Saudi Arabia Overcrowding and the Holy

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Makkah, Saudi Arabia Overcrowding and the Holy OVERCROWDING AND THE HOLY MOSQUE, MAKKAH, SAUDI ARABIA Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Ph.D. Wael Saleh Halabi B.Arch., 1994, Umm Al-Qura University M.Arch., 1999, University of Colorado at Denver Department of Architecture University of Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne November, 2006 )) )) ﺇِﻥ ﺃَﻭﻝَ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻭﺿﹺﻊ ﻟﹺﻠﻨﺎﺱِ ﻟَﻠﱠﺬﹺﻱ ﺑِﺒﻜﱠﺔَ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻛﺎً ﻭﻫﺪﻯ ﻟﱢﻠْﻌﺎﻟَﻤﹺﲔ ٩٦ ﻓﹺﻴﻪﹺ ﺁَﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻣﻘَﺎﻡ ﺇِﺑﺮ ﹺﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﻣ ﻦ ﺩﺧﻠَﻪ ﻛَ ﺎﻥ ﺁَﻣﹺﻨﺎً ﻭِ ﻋﻠَ ﻰ ﺍْﻟﻨﺎﺱِ ﺣﹺﺞ ﺍﻟْﺒﻴﺖﹺ ﻣﻦِ ﺇِﺳﺘَﻄَ ﺎﻉ ﺇِﻟَﻴﻪﹺ ﺳﺒِﻴ ﻼ ﻭﻣ ﻦ ﻛََََﻔَﺮ ﻓَﺈِﻥ ﺍ ﻏَﻨﹺﻲ ﻋﻦِ ﺍﻟْﻌ َﺎﻟﻤﹺﲔ ٩٧ ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺁل ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ “And thus We have revealed to you (O Muhammad, pbuH) a Qur’ân in Arabic that you may warn the Mother of the Towns (Makkah) and all around it, and warn (them) of the Day of Assembling of which there is no doubt: when a party will be in Paradise (those who believed in Allâh and followed what Allâh’s Messenger, pbuH, brought them) and a party in the blazing Fire (Hell) (those who disbelieved in Allâh and followed not what Allâh’s Messenger, pbuH, brought them). In it are manifest signs (for example), the Maqâm (place) of Ibrâhîm (Abraham); whosoever enters it, he attains security. And Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah) to the House (Ka‘bah ) is a duty that mankind owes to Allâh, those who can afford the expenses (for one’s conveyance, provision and residence); and whoever disbelieves [i.e. denies Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah), then he is a disbeliever of Allâh], then Allâh stands not in need of any of the ‘Âlamîn (mankind, jinn and all that exists)” [3:96- 97] Overcrowding and the Holy Mosque, Makkah, Saudi Arabia اﻟﻤﻠﺨّﺺ اﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ اﻟﺤﺮام ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺔ ا ﻹ ﺗّ ﺠ ﺎ ﻩَ اﻟﺬي إﻟﻴﻪ ﻳُ ﺘ ﻮ ﺟ ﻪُ آُ ﻞّ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻮن ﺧﻤﺲ ﻣ ﺮ ا تِ ﻳ ﻮ ﻣ ﻴ ﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺻﻼواﺗﻬﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮوﺿﺔ. ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ، إﻟﻰ أن هﺬا ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻮ ﻗ ﻊِ ﻳ ﺰُ و ر ﻩُ ﺳﻨﻮﻳًﺎ ﻣ ﻼ ﻳ ﻴ ﻦَ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻦ آﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺣﻴﺎﺗِﻬﻢ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔِ، وزﻳﺎرﺗﻪ إﻟﺰاﻣﻴﺔ ﻟ ﻜُ ﻞّ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ آﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﺮِ. ﻟﺬا ﻳﺘﻮاﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ هﺬا اﻟﻤﻜﺎنِ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪِ ﺧْ ﻠ ﻴ ﻂُ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ آﻞ ا ﻟ ﺠ ﻨ ﺴ ﻴ ﺎ تِ واﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎتِ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺨ ﺘ ﻠ ﻔ ﺔِ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ. اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ا ﻟ ﻨ ﺎ سِ اﻟﺬي ﻳَﺸﻐﻞ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪِ اﻟﺤﺮامِ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻟﻪ أ ﺳ ﺒ ﺎ بِ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑَﻌْﺾ اﻟﻨﺸﺎﻃﺎتِ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻳُ ﻤْ ﻜِ ﻦُ ﻓﻘﻂ أَ نْ ﺗُﺆدّي وﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎص ﻓﻲ أ ﻣ ﺎ آ ﻦَ داﺧﻞ هﺬا اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰِ، وﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻌﻴّﻦ . ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ، آﺎن ا ﻟ ﺤَ ﻞّ د ا ﺋ ﻤ ﺎً أَ نْ ﻳُ ﻮ ﺳّ ﻊَ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ إزدِﺣﺎم. ﺗَ ﺤْ ﻤ ﻞُ هﺬﻩ ا ﻹ ﻃ ﺮ و ﺣ ﺔِ ﻓﻜﺮة ﺑِ ﺄَ نﱠ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺔِ ا ﻟ ﺘ ﻘ ﻠ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﺔِ ﻟَ ﻢْ ﺗَ ﻌُ ﺪْ اﻟﺨﻴﺎر اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ آﻠﻤﺎ ﻇﻬﺮت ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ إزدﺣﺎم ﻻﺳﻴﻤﺎ وأن ﺣﺪود اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺗَﺘﺤﺪ و ا ﻟ ﺤ ﺪ و دَ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔَ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊِ؛ اﻟﻔَﻬْﻢ وإدارة ﻣ ﺸ ﻜ ﻠ ﺔِ اﻹزدِﺣﺎم ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔٍ ﻋﺎﻗﻠﺔ هﻲ ا ﻟ ﺤَ ﻞﱡ اﻷآﺜﺮ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ. واﻟﺒﺤﺚ إ ﺳ ﺘ ﻬ ﺪ فَ ﺗَﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻓَﻬْﻢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻟ ﻤ ﺸ ﻜ ﻠ ﺔِ اﻹزدِﺣﺎم ﻓﻲ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪِ اﻟﺤﺮام . وهﺬا ﻳَ ﺼِ ﻞُ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮِ ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﻃﺒﻴﻌِﺔ وﻣﺪى ﻣ ﺸ ﻜ ﻠ ﺔِ ا ﻹزدِﺣﺎم، و ﻳُ ﻤ ﻴّ ﺰُ وﻳَﺪْرُس ا ﻷ ﺳ ﺒ ﺎ بَ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺤ ﺘ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔَ وراء هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔِ، وﺗُﻘﻴّﻴُﻢ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞَ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺤ ﺘ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔَ ﻟﻺزدِﺣﺎم ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪِ اﻟﺤﺮام . و ﻳُ ﻌ ﺘَ ﻘ ﺪُ ﺑ ﺄ نّ ﻣﺜﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎتِ ﺳَ ﺘُ ﺴ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪُ اﻟﺠﻬﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺟ ﻮّ ﻣﺮﻳﺢ وﺁﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﻤُﺼﻠّﻴﻦ واﻟﺰاﺋﺮﻳﻦ ، ﻟﻴﺘﻤﻜﻨﻮا ﻣ ﻦْ أ ن ﻳُﺆدّوا واﺟﺒﺎﺗَﻬﻢ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﻣِ ﻦْ اﻹرﺗﺒﺎطِ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻲِ . وﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺔ أهﻤﻴﺔ أوﺳﻊ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻌﺮض إﻟﻰ ﻣﻈﺎهﺮ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﺒﺸﺮي اﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴِﺔ واﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔِ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﺎ ﻣّ ﺔِ ﺿﻤﻦ ا ﻷ ﻣ ﺎ آ ﻦِ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔِ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُ ﺨ ﺼ ﺺُ ﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻّﺔ. و ﻳَ ﺘ ﻌ ﻠّ ﻖُ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮُع اﻵﺧﺮ ﻟ ﻠ ﺒ ﺤ ﺚِ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮِ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔِ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُﻄﻠّﺐ ﻟ ﺤ ﺮ آ ﺔِ ا ﻟ ﺤ ﺸ ﻮ دِ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮةِ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻓ ﺮ ا ﻏ ﺎ تِ ﻣ ﺤ ﺼ ﻮ ر ةِ. وﻟﻜﻲ ﺗ ﺠْ ﻤ ﻊَ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎتَ و ﺗُ ﻼ ﺣ ﻆُ اﻟﻤﺸﺎآﻞَ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺈﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎلِ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪِ اﻟﺤﺮام ، ﺗَﻢ إﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻃ ﺮ قِ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ آﺎﻹﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎء، واﻟﺬي إ ﺳ ﺘ ﻬ ﺪ فَ ا ﻟ ﺤُ ﺼُ ﻮ ل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁراء اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻴﻦِ، ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت، وإﻗﺘﺮاﺣﺎت ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺴﻴ ﻦِ. وﻗﺪ أﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ أ ﻳ ﻀ ﺎً ﻟﺪِراﺳَﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﺒﺸﺮي ا ﻟ ﻌ ﺎ مﱢ وﻟﺘَﺤﺮّي أ ﻧ ﻤ ﺎ طِ ا ﻟ ﺤ ﺮ آ ﺔِ داﺧﻞ وﺣﻮل ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪِ اﻟﺤﺮام ﻓﻲ ا ﻷ و ﻗ ﺎ تِ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔِ ﻣِ ﻦْ اﻟﻌﺎم . ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗَﺒﻨّﻰ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺴ ﺢَ ا ﻹ ﺣ ﺼ ﺎ ﺋ ﻲَ ا ﻵ ﺧ ﺮَ ﻟﺪِراﺳَﺔ أ ﻧ ﻤ ﺎ طِ ا ﻟ ﺴ ﻠ ﻮ كَ (وﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺁﺧﺮ ، ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﻤﻂ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻲ ، واﻟﺘﻲ ﻃﻮّرَت ﻓﻲ ﻣ ِﺨﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻨﻤﻂ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻴﱠﺔ ِاﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺑﻠﻨﺪن ) واﻟﺬي ﻳُ ﺴ ﺘَ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞُ ﻹﺳْﺘﻴﻌﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎتِ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳِﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺣ ﺮ آ ﺎ تِ ا ﻟ ﻨ ﺎ سِ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗَ ﺨْ ﻠ ﻖَ ﻧ ﻤ ﺎ ذ جَ اﻟﻤﺤﺎآﺎة ﺑ ﺎ ﻟ ﺤ ﺎ ﺳ ﻮ بِ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُ ﺰ وّ دُ ﻓَﻬْﻢ إﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺤﺎﻻت إﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺨﺎوف. ا ﻹ ﺧ ﺘ ﻼ ﻓ ﺎ تِ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧ ﻤ ﺎ ذ جِ اﻟﺨَﻄّﻮط اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﻳﺔِ، إﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ ﻧﻤﻂ إ ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎلِ ﻣ ﺨ ﺘ ﻠ ﻒِ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻔﺮاغ . وﻗﺪ وُ ﺟِ ﺪَ أﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻣ ﺸ ﺎ آ ﻞَ اﻹزدِﺣﺎم ﺗَ ﺤْ ﺪ ثُ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣِ ﻦْ أ ﺑ ﻮ ا بِ اﻟﻤﺴﺠ ﺪِ اﻟﺤﺮام وﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻣﺎآﻦِ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗَ ﻌ ﺘ ﻤ ﺪُ ﻋﻠﻰ وﻗﺖ اﻟﺴّﻨﺔ. هﺬا اﻹزدِﺣﺎم ﻳُ ﺆ ﺛّ ﺮُ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻘﻮة ﺑ ﺴ ﻠ ﻮ كِ اﻟﻤُﺼﻠّﻴﻦ . و ﻃ ﺒ ﻘ ﺎً ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮِ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢِ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ واﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔِ ﻓﺈن ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ اﻟﺤﺮام ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى I Overcrowding and the Holy Mosque, Makkah, Saudi Arabia اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ "F"، وأﺳﻮأ ﻣِ ﻦْ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ا ﻟ ﺤ ﺎ ﻻ تِ اﻟﻤﻌﻴّﻨﺔِ، اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗَﻌْﻨﻲ ﺑﺄﻧّﻬﺎ ﺗُ ﺰ د ﺣَ ﻢُ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﻄﻴﺮ . و ﺗَ ﺴ ﺘ ﻤ ﺮﱡ ا ﻟ ﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔُ ﻟﻤُﻨَﺎﻗﺸﺔ أ نﱠ اﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ آﻨﻮع ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﻳَ ﺠِ ﺐُ أَ نْ ﺗ ﻜ ﻮ نَ ﻟ ﻪُ ُﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺗ ﺼ ﻤ ﻴ ﻤِ ﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺗ ﻀْ ﻤ ﻦُ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺮ و طَ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺜ ﺎ ﻟ ﻴ ﺔَ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺔِ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔِ ا ﻵ ﻣ ﻨ ﺔِ ﺑﺤِﺴﺎب اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﺒﺸﺮي ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺰدﺣﻤﺔِ. ﺗﺮﺳﻢ ا ﻟ ﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔُ أ ﻳ ﻀ ﺎً ﺧﻄﺔ إﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺮة اﻟﻤﺪى واﻟﺘﻲ ﻳَ ﺠِ ﺐُ أَ نْ ﺗُ ﻄ ﻮّ رَ وﺗُﺘْﻠَﻰ ﺑﺨﻄﻂ ﺑﻌﻴﺪة اﻟﻤﺪى ﻟ ﺤْ ﻞﱠ ﻣ ﺸ ﻜ ﻠ ﺔَ اﻹزدِﺣﺎم ﻓﻲ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪِ اﻟﺤﺮام II Overcrowding and the Holy Mosque, Makkah, Saudi Arabia اﻟﺸﻜﺮ واﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ هﻲ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ اﻟﺸُﻜْﺮ واﻟﻌﺮﻓﺎن ﻟ ﻜُ ﻞّ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺪﻣﻮا أ يّ ﻧﻮع ا ﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻢِ ﻟﻲ ﻹﻧْﻬﺎء وإﻇﻬﺎر هﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞِ. و أ وَ دﱡ أَ نْ أَ ﺷْ ﻜ ﺮَ أﺑﱠﻮي اﻟﺬﻳَﻦ ﻋﻤﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﺸﺌﺘﻲ اﻟﺘﻨﺸﺌﺔ ا ﻟ ﺠ ﻴّ ﺪ ةِ وﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺗِﻬﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗ ﻮ ﺟّ ﺖَ وﺷﻜّﻠَﺖ ﺣﻴﺎﺗَﻲ. آﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻜﺮي إﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘِﻲ، زوﺟﺘﻲ وإﺑﻨﺘﺎي ( رﻧﺎد و رﻏﺪ )، ﻟﺤﺒﱢﻬﻢ وﺻﺪاﻗﺘِﻬﻢ ﻃﻮال ﻓ ﺘ ﺮ ةِ دراﺳﺘﻲ ﺧﺎرج أرض اﻟﻮﻃﻦ. وهﻲ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة ﻟﺘَﻘﺪﻳﻢ إﻣﺘﻨﺎﻧِﻲ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺸﺮﻓِﻲ، اﻟﺪّآﺘﻮر هﻴﻨﺘﻲ ﻟﻮ (Hentie Louw)، اﻟﺬي دَﻋﻤَﻨﻲ أﺛﻨﺎء دِراﺳﺔ ا ﻟ ﺪ آ ﺘ ﻮ ر ا ﻩَ واﻟﺬي أﻋﻄﺎَﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘَﻪ اﻟﺜﻤﻴﻨﺔَ ﻹآْﻤﺎل هﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞِ. إﻟﻰ ا ﻟ ﺪّ آ ﺘ ﻮ رِ ﺟﺮاه ﺎم ﺗﺒﻞ (Graham Tipple) واﻟﺪّآﺘﻮر ﺟﻮن آﺎﻣﺎرا ( John Kamara)، اﻟﺬﻳﻦ زوّداﻧِﻲ ﺑﻮﻋﻴﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪَة ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺗﻬﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ دﻋﻤﺖ اﻟﻌﻤﻞِ . إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﻓﻴﺴﻮر ﺁﻟﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ (Alann Penn)، أﺳﺘﺎذ إﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎريِ واﻟﺤﻀﺮيِ ﺑﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ﺑﺎرﺗﻠﻴﺖ ﻟ ﻠ ﺪِ ر ا ﺳ ﺎ تِ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ آﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﺪ نِ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗِﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣُﺮَاﺟَﻌَﺔ ﻋ ﻤ ﻞِ ﺗ ﺤ ﻠ ﻴ ﻞِ اﻟﻨﻤﻂ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻲ . إﻟﻰ اﻟﺪآﺘﻮر أﺳﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﺒﺎر ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺧﺎدم اﻟﺤﺮﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻔﻴﻦَ ﻷ ﺑ ﺤ ﺎ ثِ ا ﻟ ﺤ ﺞّ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ أُ مﱢ اﻟﻘﺮى ﺑﻤﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺮﻣﺔ، ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ، واﻟﺬي أﻋﻄﻰ دﻋﻤَﻪ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞَ أﺛﻨﺎء هﺬﻩ ا ﻟ ﻔ ﺘ ﺮ ةِ ﻣِ ﻦْ ا ﻟ ﺒ ﺤ ﺚِ وﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎً أﺛﻨﺎء ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﺪاﻧﻲ ﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت. آﻤﺎ أﻧﻨﻲ ﻣ ﻤ ﺘ ﻦُ أ ﻳ ﻀ ﺎً إﻟﻰ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻓﻴﺴﻮر اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻮهﺎب أﺑﻮﺳﻠﻤﺎن، اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ أﻟﻄﻒ، اﻟﺪآﺘﻮر ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻘﺎدر أﻣﻴﺮ ، اﻟﺪآﺘﻮر ﻋﺼﺎم ﻧﻘﻠﻲ (ﻳﺮﺣﻤﻪ اﷲ)، اﻟﺪآﺘﻮر ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺁﺷﻲ، اﻟﺪآﺘﻮر أﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﺤﺴﻨﻲ، اﻟﺮاﺋﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ا ﻟ ﻔِ ﻌﺮ، وإﻟ ـﻰ آﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﻌﻬِﺪ ﺧﺎدم اﻟﺤﺮﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻔﻴﻦَ ﻷ ﺑ ﺤ ﺎ ثِ اﻟﺤﺞّ، ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ آُ ﻞّ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ أﻋﻄﻮﻧﻲ آُ ﻞّ أﻧﻮاع ا ﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻢِ ﻹﻧْﻬﺎء وﻋﺮض اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ، ﻓﺎﷲ أﺳﺄل اﻟﻘﺒﻮل وأن ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻟ ﻠ ﺤ ﻴ ﺎ ةِ اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴِﺔ. III Overcrowding and the Holy Mosque, Makkah, Saudi Arabia اﻹهﺪاء ﺑﻜﻞ ﺳﺮور ﻳﺴﺮﻧﻲ أن أهﺪي هﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ إﻟﻰ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻲ، ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻗﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺑﻌﺜﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ . د ا ﻋ ﻴ ﺎً اﻟﻤﻮﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻠﻲ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ أن ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة ﻟﻸﻣﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ. IV Overcrowding and the Holy Mosque, Makkah, Saudi Arabia (ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﺻﺔ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ واﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎت) ٩ . ١ ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﺑ ﺤ ﺚِ: هﺬﻩ ا ﻟ ﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔِ ﺗُﻌﻬّﺪْت ﺑﺘَﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻓَﻬْﻢ ﻣ ﺸ ﻜ ﻠ ﺔِ اﻹزدِﺣﺎم ﻓﻲ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪِ اﻟﺤﺮام . و آَ ﺎ ﻧ ﺖْ اﻷهﺪاف آﺎﻟﺘّﺎﻟﻲ: ﻟﺘَﺤﺮّي ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ اﻹزدﺣﺎم، ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺘﻬﺎ، ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ، وﻣﺪاهﺎ، ﻟﺘَﻤﻴﻴﺰ ودِراﺳَﺔ أﺳﺒﺎﺑِﻬﺎ، وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺘَﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞِ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺤ ﺘ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔِ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔِ، وﻟﺘَﻘﺪﻳﻢ ا ﻟ ﺘ ﻮ ﺻ ﻴ ﺎ تِ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳَﺘُﺴﺎهُﻢ ﻓﻲ ا ﻹ د ا ر ةِ ا ﻟ ﻔ ﻌّ ﺎ ﻟ ﺔِ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺠ ﺪِ اﻟﺤﺮام.
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