A Call to Action: Transforming The
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A CALL TO ACTION: ACTION: A CALL TO TRANSFORMING THE TRANSFORMING A CALL TO GLOBAL REFUGEE GLOBAL SYSTEM actionTRANSFORMING THE GLOBAL REFUGEE SYSTEM 67 Erb Street West Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 6C2 www.cigionline.org @cigionline A CALL TO actionTRANSFORMING THE GLOBAL REFUGEE SYSTEM CIGI MASTHEAD Executive President Rohinton P. Medhora Deputy Director, International Intellectual Property Law and Innovation Bassem Awad Chief Financial Officer and Director of Operations Shelley Boettger Director of the Global Economy Program Robert Fay Director of the International Law Research Program Oonagh Fitzgerald Director of the Global Security & Politics Program Fen Osler Hampson Director of Human Resources Laura Kacur Deputy Director, International Environmental Law Silvia Maciunas Deputy Director, International Economic Law Hugo Perezcano Díaz Director, Evaluation and Partnerships Erica Shaw Managing Director and General Counsel Aaron Shull Director of Communications and Digital Media Spencer Tripp Publications Publisher Carol Bonnett Senior Publications Editor Jennifer Goyder Senior Publications Editor Nicole Langlois Publications Editor Susan Bubak Publications Editor Patricia Holmes Publications Editor Lynn Schellenberg Graphic Designer Melodie Wakefield For publications enquiries, please contact [email protected]. Communications For media enquiries, please contact [email protected]. @cigionline Copyright © 2019 by the Centre for International Governance Innovation The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Centre for International Governance Innovation or its Board of Directors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution — Non-commercial — No Derivatives License. To view this license, visit (www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). For re-use or distribution, please include this copyright notice. Centre for International Governance Innovation and CIGI are registered trademarks. 67 Erb Street West Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 6C2 www.cigionline.org contents foreword. v preface ............................................................... ix one THE PROBLEM ..........................................................1 two THE KEY TO CHANGE: POLITICAL WILL ......................................13 three STRENGTHENING RESPONSIBILITY SHARING FOR REFUGEES AND IDPs .............21 four STRENGTHENING THE PROTECTION OF IDPs .................................27 five TRANSFORMING GOVERNANCE FOR REFUGEES AND IDPs ........................33 six BUILDING A SOLID FINANCIAL BASE ........................................41 seven MOBILIZING NEW SOURCES OF SUPPORT ....................................47 eight LEVERAGING TECHNOLOGY TO SUPPORT REFUGEES AND IDPs ....................55 nine ENHANCING ACCOUNTABILITY AT ALL STAGES OF DISPLACEMENT ................61 ten TAKING THESE IDEAS FORWARD ...........................................73 annex ................................................................77 works cited ..........................................................79 acknowledgements .................................................87 biographies ABOUT THE MEMBERS OF THE WRC ........................................103 acronyms and abbreviations ......................................109 About CIGI ..........................................................111 About the World Refugee Council ................................111 iv WORLD REFUGEE COUNCIL foreword Canadian philosopher Charles Taylor of sexual harassment and assault. Yet, observed in The Secular Age that “our the capacity of women to be agents of age makes higher demands of solidarity change in addressing refugee issues has and benevolence on people today than been largely overlooked in government ever before. Never before have people responses. This wasting of potential been asked to stretch out so far, and is particularly evident in the scant so consistently, so systematically, so attention paid to providing education as a matter of course, to the stranger for displaced women and youth. outside the gates” (Taylor 2007, 695). The first words of this report state, Certainly, the demands for solidarity “Our world suffers not so much from and benevolence have never been a refugee crisis as from a political higher, but is there a sufficient societal crisis — a deficit of leadership and stretch to reach out to the strangers vision and, most fundamentally, a outside the gates? What have been shortfall of humanity and empathy.” the political responses to the refugees Those holes have been filled instead and displaced persons who by the with a surfeit of indifference, cynicism thousands, on a weekly basis, seek and greed. One answer is that women to escape the violence and larceny and youth, when given the chance of warlords, dictators, xenophobic to lead, will provide solutions. politicians and nationalistic leaders? It’s time for an honest appraisal How is the global system adapting and an urgent call to action for to the systematic undermining of governments and stakeholders to international governance systems and stretch out, to make the refugee the failure to meet the exponential response system fair, effective and growth in financial demands? How do efficient for refugees and governments you reach out in this time of distemper alike. This distempered time, with its when the loudest voices and most attacks on global refugee principles, active agents are haranguing against demands a recasting of the system to immigration, building walls and protect those fleeing danger, supply turning away “strangers at the gate”? host country needs, alleviate citizens’ fears, hold those leaders generating The refugee issue carries serious tones displacement accountable and of gender discrimination and is marked re-establish international cooperation. by widespread sexual and gender- Opposite page: based violence. At present, border Through cooperation, secure AP Photo/Petros crossings between Venezuela and management of borders can be Giannakouris. Colombia are sites rife with incidents reconciled with humane and ultimately A CALL TO ACTION v beneficial treatment of the forcibly displaced. When the boat people began their exodus from the Indochinese Peninsula in the early 1980s, an ad hoc group of some 15 countries, along IT’S TIME...TO with humanitarian organizations, “ coordinated their responses and worked out shared responsibilities. Large STRETCH OUT, TO numbers of people were resettled, without today’s paranoia about terrorist MAKE THE REFUGEE influx, because border management, including supervised transportation of those seeking sanctuary, was RESPONSE SYSTEM assured by the coordinating group. Contrast that experience to today, FAIR where international cooperation is losing ground to the trolls of nationalism. There needs to be a clear call for reforms to meet the contemporary reality. to Protect (R2P) concept for In pursuing our mission, the WRC protecting civilians. In these reform This has been the mission of the World has worked to build on the present initiatives, the challenge was always ” Refugee Council (WRC) over the past UN effort to find agreement on a to balance strongly entrenched views year and half. It takes up the call of new compact for refugees. We have on sovereignty with the necessity of Charles Taylor to stretch out and urges endeavoured to add value by working working collegially on global issues. a major overhaul of the global refugee outside the constraints of the UN negotiating system to promote system, including the concomitant shifts This need to reconcile sovereignty innovative, structural change. in political and governmental behaviour. and international responsibility was powerfully expressed by former The WRC is an independent group We created a platform for the voices US President Barack Obama of individuals with experience in of refugees themselves, for those in 2018 in his Nelson Mandela government, politics, business, working on the front lines of Lecture in Johannesburg. academia and civil society, who humanitarian assistance, for thinkers have come together at the invitation In the West’s current debate around who are doers, for governments that of the Centre for International immigration, for example, it’s are prepared to shape policies and Governance Innovation (CIGI) and not wrong to insist that national practices that fit the new global realities with the support of the Government borders matter; whether you’re a and for advocates of progressive of Canada and major foundations. citizen or not is going to matter restructuring of the system. This The WRC’s mission has been to work to a government, that laws need work took us to various regions together to build a political network to be followed; that in the public experiencing the pressure and demands of like-minded governments and civil realm newcomers should make of growing refugee movements. It society entities to pursue substantive an effort to adapt to the language gave us a chance to engage with those reform of the refugee regime. and customs of their new home. working on the ground, in particular, Those are legitimate things and we The WRC follows in the path those in the Global South who have to be able to engage people of similar collaborative efforts to carry the substantial weight of large who do feel as if things are not promote international reform, such refugee settlements. It also gave us orderly. But that can’t be an excuse as the “Ottawa process” that achieved the freedom