CEU eTD Collection
U C SEOF In partialIn ROATIAN R L fulfilment ofrequirements the for the degree Mastersof ofArts ELIGIOPOLITICS Department ofSociology Social and Anthropology EGAL Supervisors: C ONSERVATIVE N Central European University ORMS ANDORMS Budapest, Hungary 2015
Antonija Petričušić Submitted to Prof. Prof. Assit. Assit. Prof. Dr. Dorit Geva By
Dr. J
T HROUGH I ean S
NSTITUTIONS BYTHE OCIAL -
Lo u is is Fabiani
M L AW OVEMENT
:
CEU eTD Collection I main repertoire ofcontention, thebenefits explained its as institutions legal and norms legal to referencing for opted has movement religopolitical re movement's the of element significant a discourse legalthe way this making norms, rights human and Constitutional the to refer often leaders movement are that institutions The making. policy and law into involvement continuous its by confirmed is movement private the of and state both religious The of majority. Catholic the of system practicesvalue the contradicting deemed and legislation value the the down scrap on to decide to parents of e children’s' rights the advocating death; religious same a to of opposition family; favour in movement argue the that issues and of array rights an by confirmed is reproductive movement religiopolitical Croatian the and of nature religious The sexual freedoms. oppose family, the on tha initiatives and organizations conservativeother to globally connected seems that and decade religiopolitical last the broader of course the a in emerged that of movement segment a is initiative civic This woman. a and man a of union marria of definition Constitutional nation the introduced a which for 2013 ground November a as served what 2013 May in signatures 700,000 ( Family” the of Name the “In initiative civic term The conse the which in contention of cycle a analysing by Croatia in politics contemporary structures. and religion between connection a explores opportunity thesis This on policies. government's and legislation acts and that movement social processes a to socially of political behalf refers thesis present the the in of movement’ ‘religiopolitical kinds different to of repertoires strategies, their in differ they that and power, and politics with connection in only studied be could movements that asserts thesis, present the in assumed I which movements, social to approach political A Abstract ducation. The political nature of the movement is manifested through its attempts attempts its through manifested is movement the of nature political The ducation.
conservative majority with the goal of reducing secular influence over the the over influence secular reducing of goal the with majority conservative
-
sex marriage; protection of life from an inception to a natural a to inception an from life of protection marriage; sex contention, organizational structure, and outcomes in relation in outcomes and structure, organizational contention,
has chosen as it cultural frame: protection of a traditional a of protection frame: cultural it as chosen has i
U ime obitelji ime U t advocate for decrease of secular influence secular of decreasefor advocate t of this mobilization technique.of mobilization this pertoire. By elaborating why the the why elaboratingBy pertoire. ) managed to collect more than than more collect to managed ) - related content of their their of content related - ie eeedm in referendum wide ge as an exclusive exclusive an as ge - poli tical nexus tical
rvative CEU eTD Collection fr assignments focus to Marco. son the in undertook I journey sociological systematic this Ito whom am Therea person special is great sociologistsof coming and mygeneration. anthropologists out advanced colleaguesand comments ofmy in from learnt I much as that believe I serve and assupervisor, whose second my movements. sociological social in interest my Professor inspired has who Fabiani, me to and sociology study LawofZagreb in myabsence work who supported from opportunity this For Soci of Department a as write To my understa mobili contention? question a to me led values Catholic conservative legal of use The Acknowledgements i e
nds and acquaintances nds and acquaintances academically zation and though it it thoughandzation
’ student y teto weee I edd o td o wie n re to order in write or study to needed I whenever attention my s
erudite
Thank you for being both my motivation and a motivator. Your motivator. a and motivation my both being for you Thank Bt o u ejyd h adventure the enjoyed us of Both . nding of sociological concepts. sociologicalnding of hs hss xlrs h inter the explores thesis This rtn. a as gaeu to grateful also am I writing. sociologist , culturally and socially and culturally , argumentation by members of the of members by argumentation community was both a both was community
teaching on contemporary social theory will have influence on my future future my on influence have will theory social contemporary on teaching o I lo
also
gy and Social Social and gy become become that
has grown out of my interest in legal issues legal in interest my of grownhasout ol nt e osbe nes became I unless possible be not would am deeply grateful to the Department of Sociology at the Faculty the at Sociology of Department the to grateful deeply am
enrichedwhile being our lives here. a better lecturer in sociology. in lecturer better classes lecturers, Anthropology particularly .
privilege
I feel particularl feel I thesis writing coursethesis helped and outside of them. Being part of intelectuallyBeing this of them. part and outside
Assistant Assistant section articles, ii
of living in Budapest and are grateful for for grateful are and Budapest in living of
why and a ben a and
grateful, as he was my loyalcompanionwas in as hemy grateful,
ewe te a a law the between Croatian at Central European European Central at Professor Dorit Geva who accepted to to accepted who Geva Dorit Professor
and law course of the past academic year academic past the of course in this academic year, academicin this y indebted to Professor Jean Professor to indebted y books I gained from conversations conversations from gained I books has been chosen as a repertoire of of repertoire a as chosen been has efit
social movement that advocate that movement social Studying .
I am sure there is a bunch of of bunch a is there sure am I Moreover,
mse suet t t at student master a
it me me
d oil movement social nd at CEU CEU at hopefully also shows also hopefully a lot University
needs I am sure that that sure am I allowing meto .
fulfil has enriched has helped me me helped
(CEU) student - L : o
my my uis h e .
CEU eTD Collection Bibliography Conclusions through Anti Chapter 3 Chapter 2 Chapter 1 Introduction Acknowledgements Abstract Table ofContent Methodological Approaches Theoretical Concepts ResearchQuestions 3.5. 3.4. 3.3. Rights 3.2. The Framing Constructionof Contention: th Requirements 3.1. The Expansion LiberalismLegal 2.3. 2.2. 2.1. 1.2. 1.1. Thesis Outline 1.2.2. 1.2.1. 1.1.2. 1.1.1.
...... Actors the thatForm Croatian Religiopolitical Movement From Religiopolitics theAmerican inEurope RighttheRise of Religious to Religious asa Driver ofa Politics Social Change Analytical for Tools Studying Politics theContentious Anti andRole Shaping PowerLawof of Contention in theRepertoire Power ofMobilizing and Networks Structures Activities of theCroatian
Analysis theReligiopoliticalContention: Cycle Success ofthe of Croatia in Social Conservative and Actors Framing ofTheirActivities PoliticsContentious and Religiopolitical Movements Social
...... -
...... - Gay Referendum Gay Religiopolitical Collective Action Grievances and Relation to its Explaining Religiopolitics The Politics Contentious Approach The Process Political Approach Gay a Referendum MeansPositioning ofa as PoliticalActor? for New
......
......
......
......
...... of thePoliticalOpportunity StructureLowered Referendum through
......
...... Religiopolitical Movement: to Conservative Response
......
......
...... iii
...... e Endangerede Family Endangered and ......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
59 56 54 53 51 48 42 42 34 25 21 21 19 17 17 14 11 11 10
ii 8 5 4 3 1
i
CEU eTD Collection how referendum, The citizens. the of minds and hearts the in consolidated and embraced widely as also but legislation the in enshrined as only not considered were society, civil the of segment prevalent recently until and oriented thi for discrimination of prohibition and equality of issues Secondly, S Same to intention announced only It marriage. gay a legalizing was government the that indicati no were there Firstly, claims. its and movement religiopolitical the of outbreak against”( vote “Citizens initiative On time. that at partnerships same regulating was that legislation Croatian the to accordance in rights of array an with endowed already are homosexuals the that argued falsely furthermore, They, their homosexuals. and homophobic not are referendum, they the argued to prior period the in debates public movement the in religiopolitical present significantly The leaders, family. heteronormative traditional the of assurance the Croati the of values traditional the that arguing marriage, ( obitelji Family” the of Name the “In initiative citizens’ the through acted case particular and rights have will partners sex same the The that announced and Croatia. education sex modern a of history the in reli citizens of initiative the national conveyed upon successfully firstreferendum very the was 2013 December in held woman a and Introduction giopolitical movement, that came into being following the governmental the following being into came that movement, giopolitical ). This ). The referendum on the Constitutional definition of marriage as a union between a man man a between union a asmarriage ofdefinition Constitutional the on referendum The ex Civil Union Act passed in 2003 by expanding the rights of the same the of rights the expanding by 2003 in passed Act Union Civil ex initiative instigated initiative
the other side, the liberal part of the civil society, gathered in the the in gathered society, civil the of part liberal the side, other the responsibilities
Građani glasaju protiv glasaju Građani a referendum on the constitutionalization of constitutionalization the on referendum a vr poe ta ctzn cn e successfully be can citizens that proved ever, 1
qa t toe f are spouses, married of those to equal neto i nt o etit h rgt of rights the restrict to not is intention partnerships ), was completely taken aback by the the by aback taken completely was ), an society will be protected through through protected be will society an
il e nrdcd n which in introduced be will , rdtoal activist traditionally s, introduction a -
sex partners. sex definition of definition amend the amend n this in U ime ime U - ons sex
of of CEU eTD Collection political capital andpower. significant a secure to managed have who actors, political new as figures prominent its and profound movementsestablished hasthe initiative referendum Finally,citizens.the as all equalityfosterof well as ide political disclosed of sides all was on elites political society of understanding the of nature homophobic heterosexual the to (nominally) marriage, equalized be not should partnerships sex same the that idea referendumthe i votedin who majority citizens the of As homophobia. a manifests it that also but conservative socially is society a liberal the between cleavage societal sharp a into light a shed to managed has Family” the of except the access adoption. to life sex same Life Sex Same the passed MPs centrist and leftist same for framework same on ban Constitutional called v the constitutionalize referendum the but Act, Family the of text the in he to merely marriage restrict to Constitution the of wording the change to initiative an backed referendum the at their on mobilized d conservative nd oting procedure but its amending, once being a part of the Constitutional text, requires a so a requires text, Constitutional the of part a being once amending, its but procedure oting organic Thus, by initiating the constitutional referendum the citizens’ initiative “In the Name Name the “In initiative citizens’ the referendum constitutional the initiating by Thus, - partnership to a heteronormative marria heteronormative a to partnership
majority, i.e. two thirds of all Members of Parliament (hereinafter MPs). The MPs). (hereinafter Parliament of Members all of thirds two i.e. majority, - ainls sget o te society, the of segments nationalist social - definition sex couples, as the as couples, sex terosexual unions. The very same definition had been already been had definition same very The unions. terosexual
conservative value orientations since 66 per cent of those who voted voted who those of cent per 66 since orientations value conservative
- sex marriage has not however prevented pas prevented however not has marriage sex
as in this case it it case this in as centre 2
- cannot left ruling left - Partnership Act in July 2014 equating a a equating 2014 July in Act Partnership ge in all terms of rights and obligations obligations and rights of terms all in ge initiative
be amended through a simple majority simple a through amended be revealing
worrisome coalition along with several other several with along coalition lgcl pcrm o effectively to spectrum ological
lie i was it claimed
not only that the Croatian Croatian the that only not
level of intolerance and and intolerance of level mplicitly supported the mplicitlythe supported sing of a new legal legal new a of sing necessary existing
to to
CEU eTD Collection opposition. soc and religious which under conditions the analyze to thus is concern My context? political the challenge and action collective a in engage to movement, religiopolitical a in involved individuals of incentives social the in changed what answer to important is it consider I question, this answer to able being to Prior interest? their to government the from power leverage to contention of repertoire the into discourse legal included have actors movement h and why is answer to attempt will I question research The contention. of repertoire principal movement’s religiopolitical the as chosen were institutions and norms legal why amendment movement social the religiopolitical of case a researching By law. through promotes it values institutionalize successfully novel and a as movement the positioned that contention of cycle successful a for structure opportunity nation lowered the once politics to managed contention, using of repertoire a by as norms and legal to referencing values, conservative social advocating by that, movement religiopolitical Questions Research n hs research this In conservative a of growth rapid a and emergence an explain will I thesis this In influential
on the definition of marriage as a union of man and woman I will try to explain to try will I woman and man of union a as marriage of definition the on
political actor.
ok wl frhroe eosrt hw sca mvmn can movement social a how demonstrate furthermore will I work
’ rfrnu iiitv ta rsle i te Constitutional the in resulted that initiative referendum s - wide referendum requirements opened up a favourable favourable a up opened requirements referendum wide
ial conservative values fostered a new political political new a fostered values conservative ial 3
niomn ta cetd the created that environment engage in contentious contentious in engage socio ow social social ow - political
CEU eTD Collection t managed they how opportunities: political transformed and seized challengers how establish me help will and question research my to connected directly are they as concepts those choose to able was I ma movements social moral on literature of consulting grievances and identity of managed theme has the movement politicize to the successfully morals, and identity social desirable of conceptualization movement’s the threatening policies state to resistance of form a represents movement social long based, group and partisan ideological, and material incentives: of variety a to respond and perceive it that is politics r contentious in “emerges a of element defining The politics. contentious of theory the by provided tools analytical used therefore will I movements. social of focus the in is instit on influence an or to response a constitutes conepts action collective a that propose which literature movement social theoretical the in developed for opted I available tools theoretical with movement religiopolitical o In 2011). Tarrow 2006; Amenta 1982; McAdam Zald 1977; and (McCarthy audiences various with resonates that problem the capture and to ability contention, of forms chose and frames cultural develop to ability identity, collective avail power, in authorities to connections the context, favourable political a change: social a to up adds requirements the of interplay an that established literature movements social The politics. and religion with deling one the well as movements, s on literature the i.e. together, literature of sets various brought I power, movement’s Concepts Theoretical n re t ass we ad o lgl atc alvae n srnte te social the strengthen and alleviate tactics legal how and when assess to order In - tnig n eioi” Tro 21: 6. ic te rain religiopoliti Croatian the Since 16). 2011: (Tarrow episodic” and standing esponse to changes in political opportunities and threats when participants participants when threats and opportunities political in changes to esponse
utional politics and that the realization of political goals political of realization the that and politics utional 4
rder to be able to analyze the the analyze to able be to rder o build on social networks and and networks social on build o able resources, a cohesive cohesive a resources, able jority. After After jority. ocial ocial cal CEU eTD Collection aspect an elucidated words own their in had who sociologists, Croatian with conducted were social the and situation of explanation richest myoffocus the in are phenomenathat the produce would they hoping was I as I unstructuredones conducted were interviews The firstand two institutions. to legal norms citizens’ conservative the of behalf m social the on data collect to on managed I associations, soliciting are who lawyers with well as scene, society civil Croatian the of spectrum conservative and liberal the from both activists society Constitutional Court’s decisions. the in voiced reasoning legal the as well as claims legal their in applied associations those th strengthen and enforce to legal means utilize who organizations society civil conservative of content site web and articles newspaper decisions, court of analysis through primarily collected were analysis discourse rightsof justifythat selection bythem society statements thatmovement formissued andonofficial the organizations religiopolitical civil the by voiced reasoning juridical the of content the on light shed to expected is analysis, in of method the and analysis discourse of method the methods: research two used I change social achieving of means a as deployed Methodological becomecultural their repertoire sufficientlyacceptable thatbecome toattractsupporters. emotions and grievances as well as identities, and values religious how and organizations; Secondly, by conducting the semi the conducting by Secondly, be might institutions legal and norms legal which in ways the explore to order In Approaches
i oiin. nadto, nlsd h ea reasoning legal the analysed I addition, In positions. eir - based strategy of strategybased research interest. Both of those unstructured interviews interviews unstructured those of Bothinterest. research - structured in structured - et itriwn. h frt ehd discou method, first The interviewing. depth 5
ovement framing through the referring referring the through framing ovement -
the social movement. The data for the fordata The movement. social the depth interviews, wit interviews, depth h scholars, civil scholars, h
rse rse CEU eTD Collection society organizations that constitute organizational core of the religopolitical social social religopolitical the of core organizational constitute that organizations society representa three interview to managed I as place, take not did the in actors relevant most the as challenges possible envisagedI 2013), (Petričušić undemocratic as mov religiopolitical the goalsof the on myI opinions publicized have Since 156). 1994: (Deem opposition” ideological assumed [...] to relation in problems access and “resistance and agendas” wit “research answer” to wish they uestions which over ( a r acknowledged challenges has of literature number inquiry social the as challenging turn might respondents 246 1975: McCarthy and (McCarthy cooperation society civil form the core o liberal that organizations society the civil conservative of the of representatives representatives three and four organizations scholars, and researchers five asking be were would researcher a as semi twelve in I informants The questions subsequently. which and how participant affect that prepared could was responses I addition, furth In eliciting story. in participant’s assisted the way of this aspects in particular and questions trigger used I natural, and open in subsequent in used that guide interview chose been have they reason which for and involved scholarly and professionally are they which in society of oyser and and oyser agstaffe religiopolitical The research literature has also acknowledged that a researcher might have a a have might researcher a that acknowledged also has literature research The m starting to Prior h powerful people usually ta es place on their territory their on place ta es usually people powerful h ( Cohen f the movement. religopolitical n as informants. From those initial interviews, I developed a semi a developed I interviews, initial those From informants. as n
,
movement might find me inappropriate as a conversant. This, however, however, This, conversant. a as inappropriate me find might movement anion and 1 1 esearchers are faced with when gathering information from elites elites from information gathering when with faced are esearchers fed ok I a atcptd oeta polm i subject in problems potential anticipated had I work, field y ). For e ample e For
Morrison 2007: 128; Fitz andMorrison Fitz Halpin 128; 2007: 1994:42). - depth interviewing. To make the interview format format interview the make To interviewing. depth , “powerful people might wish to e ercise control control ercise e to wish might people “powerful (
Cohen 6 - tutrd neves cnutd in conducted I interviews structured
- , 4) I a aae ht oiiig elite soliciting that aware was I 249).
anion and anion tives of the conservative civil conservative the of tives
Morrison 2007: 174); and and 174); 2007: Morrison , under their conditions their under -
structured
the field field the ement er er CEU eTD Collection civil society or thereprese organization conservative the of representative the scholar; the as either consulted: I respondents of groupings three to attributed are answers their but and disclosed, is identity respondents’ my of interests participants’ research approached sensitively researthis in respondents’trust the misuse not conse uentlydid as wor field the during conducted I research qualitative the of out rose that issues ethical potential any encounter Finall interview. an for request repeated my to respond not did organizations an such le the approach to attempted I successful prove not did organizations society civil conservative the from informants potential to approach formal the when cases those In interview. the for with email them sending by channels, formal though firstly organizations society civil conservative from respondents powerful approached I organizations. society civil liberal the form and community academic of side the on interests the solicit to problem a not was it community, academic Croatian the to belonging my to Due 174). 2007: Morrison e a position power, the on depending differ thus will subject powerful vis researcher the of status a of valuable source ofinform a as them legitimized has it in interest scholarly or society active civil Croatian the respondents’ in participation other The groups. interest the of behalf on complaints constitutional particularly movement religiopolitical the the outlined have they as interviewees of as important lawyers and leaders found I movement. . g aders through intermediaries who introduced me to them (McHugh 1994: 55). As a result of result a As 55). 1994: (McHugh them to me introduced who intermediaries through aders . hte te eerhr s jno o sno fgr i education in figure senior or junior a is researcher the whether Research on the research methods used in interviewing elite has noted the importance the noted has elite interviewing in used methods research the on Research approach ol oe f otce rpeettvs f h cnevtv cvl society civil conservative the of representatives contacted of one only , a description of my research interest and requesting an appointment an requesting and interest research my of description a ation.
- à - ntative of the liberalntative of society civil organization. vis the respondents. According to it, the interviewing of a of interviewing the it, to According respondents. the vis 7 the intended respondents, particularly from the from particularly respondents, intended the
referendum initiative questions and filled filled and questions initiative referendum ch work. For this reason,none this For work.ch nd ran of the researcher the of ran nd ( Cohen ,
y, I had not not had I y, ain and anion , CEU eTD Collection with findings the interlink will and field, assured and for ideological claims. significantits support material moveme religiopolitical society the when Croatian entire the across spread which contention, of cycle successful the of understanding for necessary is what contention of repertoire shared their and actors both on information ch This liberty. religious the and life, to right the family, social traditional a the promoting ideas: of sets three around claims their framingby values conservative promote that movements European similar other of framework organizational i movement this place to attempt will movement religiopolitical Croatian the movement contentious hasdevelopedrepertoire. its moment, p framing the cultural of and strength structures mobilizing religiopolitical organizational indigenous the an of explain to rise as a well as and movement, emergence an to contributed opportunities political pol contentious on concepts theoretical Thus, values. moral and religious the in embodied order social traditional more for advocate to opportunity political a seize to managed namely movement The positioning. movement’s religiopolitical was that context political a generated success, referendum the for threshold the lowered that regulation referendum the in changes the predominantly society, Croatian tho of Both politics. contentious of theory the and theory process political the concepts: movement Thesis Outline se theories might be utilised in my research since recent changes in the structure of the of structure the in changes recent since research my in utilised be might theories se In the second chapter descriptive discussion of organizations, leaders and agenda of of agenda and leaders organizations, of discussion descriptive chapter second the In social interconnected two present will thesis the part, theoretical, first, the in Thus, In the third chapter I will synthesize the findings of the interviews I conducted in the in conducted I interviews the of findings the synthesize will I chapter third the In
nt managed to act contentiously and in a short period shortperiod ina contentiouslyand act nt managedto relevant academic literature. I will describe in detail detail in describe will I literature. academic relevant 8 oess h mvmn apid ad o the how and applied, movement the rocesses
itics shall allow me to establish which establish to me allow shall itics pe wl poie background a provide will apter
favourable to the the to favourable t a broader a nto CEU eTD Collection different use lawchange. as atoolofsocial explain that to possible approaches is it that demonstration of through movements social the of elaboration resources mobilization scholarly existing an to contribute s research this Thirdly, Croatia. in change social the producing in successful proved by have resourcesand institutions legal deploynovel referencing mobilization norms tolegal that Secondly, Croatia. in movement soci religopolitical a researching emerging of research the with it by Europe Eastern South in mobilization social researched limitedly very now as asuccessfulcontentious politics. in tool considered be can institutions, juridical to addressing and norms legal to referencing uses that if determine growth and influence. increased polticial for potential movement’s the analyse finally will I chapter this In contention. of repertoire juri addressing and norms legal to referencing uses movement and networks movement's for positioning; detecting by its utilized the movement opportunity thepolitical opening of out the of contention of cycle successful a explain b would unions, se same i.e. partnership', 'life formalizing legislation the that announcement the government’s of attempt an to response a as emerged that contention of cycles successful its of one I am hoping the research p research the hoping am I and work field my of findings the synthesize will I chapter concluding the In
a repertoire of contention that pursues institutional avenues of social change, i.e. i.e. change, social of avenues institutional pursues that contention of repertoire a e drafted and subsequently discussed in the parliamentary procedure. I will will I procedure. parliamentary the in discussed subsequently and drafted e l infcne f ea nrs o cneto I il salsig f those if establishing will I contention for norms legal of significance al mobilizing
roject
structures; as well as explaining why the why explaining as well as structures;
presented
9
religiopolitical
in this thesis will fill in the gap on until until on gap the in fill will thesis this in
movements by movements ia isiuin a i main it as institutions dical
contributing to contributing religiopolitical explaining hould
the
CEU eTD Collection political account into take that and context political and economic broader a in movements have I research present a of matter a is that movement social religiopolitical Croatian the of emergence explain to able be to Inorder 10). (2012: adherents” confronting affairs of state stressful the address powerto a function together that beliefs unrealistic of set “a by motivated is participation movement that argued moreover Boudet Hilaryand McAdam Doug state institutional, and concerns and pursuits private intermediate an to belong that practices employ they] instead [and institutions representativeby constrained not are that wayssociety civil in politicize and unity, commitment, numbers, population’s that of displays public repeated of means by holders power confirms s of nature contentious definition Tilly’s authorities.” and opponents, elites, with interaction sustained in solidarities, social and purposes common on based challenges, “collective are movements ( eyer authorities” and opponents elites, with interaction sustained in solidarities, and purposes common with people by distribution and power of arrangements isting e to challenges “collective as and 3) 12: interests ( cAdam collective advance to leverage political sufficient mobilize to groups cluded e by attempts “rational as movements social described SocialReligiopolitical Movements Chapter 1 - odr i te ae f pplto lvn udr h jrsito o toe power those of jurisdiction the under living population a of name the in holders coas h pplrzd h tere o cnetos aue f oil movements social of nature contentions of theories the popularized who Scholars oties (il 13 (Tilly worthiness”
Contentious Politics andContentious Politics ocial movements, as to him, they consists of “a sustained challenge to challenge sustained “a of consists they him, to as movements, ocial
pe fr hoeia cnet ta alw tdig f h social the of studying allow that concepts theoretical for opted - 4: ). Offe asserted that social movements “see to to “see movements social that asserted Offe ). 4:
and Tarrow 1998: 4). For Tarrow (1989: 4) social 4) (1989: Tarrow For 4). 1998: Tarrow and 10
- sanctioned modes of politics” (1 : 65). (1 : politics” of modes sanctioned
s a reassuring myth of the movement’s the of myth reassuring a s hog nnntttoaie means” noninstitutionalized through
- bureaucratic political bureaucratic sphere between between sphere - CEU eTD Collection action. collective a of emergence the for reasons as consciousness insurgent and strength organizational account into takes theory process political the structure, opportunity political and calculations the undermine structured.” is establishment political to the which on assumptions serves that process social broad or event “any from result opportunities political 41), (1 2: words cAdam’s in Similarly, 5 ). 1 6: (Kitschelt en their on movements social of impact the and strategies protest of choice “the influences this exactly as framework the of idea basic the is structures opportunity political undertake to people collectiveactio for incentives provide that environment political the of dimensions “consistent the as or 11) 1: (Tilly interests other and governments of interests threatened the as and described be can structure strength, opportunity of concept The liberation. organizational cognitive indigenous opportunities, political factors: three following polit the by explained insurgency, for recipe A 95). 2000: illiams( operate” movements the which in society wider the of dynamics and contours the “to attention analytic places approach process political the t, conte and structure opportunity focusing By action. political movements’ social institutional of t conte the as the power political and structure opportunity political the of challenge a introduced (1982), 1.1.1. 1.1. contentious and repertoire cycles, protest processes, framing structures, mobilizing opportunities,
The political opportunity or political process approach, developed by Doug McAdam McAdam Doug by developed approach, process political or opportunity political The Analytical Tools for Studying the Contentious Politics theContentious forStudying Tools Analytical s (Caren 2007: 3; Carens (CarenMcAdam 2007:3; and 2013). Neal 2007; The PoliticalThe Process Approach n by affecting their e pectations for success or failure” (Tarrow 1 4: 5). The 5). 1 4: (Tarrow failure”successor for pectations e their affecting byn groups to the actions of a challenger pursuing the group’s group’s the pursuing challenger a of actions the to groups
11
-
u nt eesrl fra o permanent or formal necessarily not but ical process perspective, is made of of made is perspective, process ical
In addition to changes in the the in changes to addition In
vironment’’ vironment’’ on political on -
CEU eTD Collection operate they which in culture the by constituted are movements social that meant cultural he frames, By 123). 1: (Tarrow passed” has mobilization of pea the of hilaration e the people “bring c shape which field, the in resource together are structures obilizing frames. cultural mobilizing and 1): structures (14: state” the and opponents against it sustain and action collective explain for crucial are factors additional two opportunities, political i.e. politics, along that claimed Tarrow power. their increase will they which in opportunities new create to them allow will that strategize envisage also but pr seize to able both are movements social that moreover emphasizing Tarrow opportunityvariableemergencea an ofsocial thusrecognized crucial asinthe protest, 1 :1). (Tarrow employs” habitually it repression of forms the and state the or “changing of wea strength ness the However, like elements structural perience.” e stable more people alongside seen be that must opportunities factors economic or social persistent closely relate more is contention “that 1) : (1 argued furthermore Tarrow frames.” cultural and networks social on building and action of forms challenging and conventional combining movement social 135; 1978: (Tilly change social McAdam 38). 1982: meaningful a to contribute to able are perceived they movement of polit out current emerges the participants of illegitimacy movement social potential among liberation cognitive finally, And community. aggrieved the among existed that organizations political pres strength organizational Indigenous t opruiis o ad iie b cntans pn olcie cin hn y the by than action collective upon constraints by limited and for opportunities to d pooet f h pltcl rcs apoc Sde Tro (94 1 age that argued 1) (1994: Tarrow Sidney approach process political the of proponent A ae tigrd y h icnie cetd y oiia opportunities, political by created incentives the by “triggered are s
oalitions, confront opponents, and assure their own future after future own their assure and opponents, confront oalitions, ical system, convincing the participants in the social social the in participants the convincing system, ical ing “[h]ow movements become the focal points for for points focal the become movements “[h]ow ing poe pre upposes 12
- existence of political and potentially potentially and political of existence e - existing opportunities existing
CEU eTD Collection motivate collective action”(Tilly cAdam,Tarrow and 16:6). understanding shared fashion to people 1998). Tarrow 1996; Tilly and groups of the “conscious efforts cAdam, strategic Zald as by framing cCarthyand defined Tarrow McAdam, 1986; al. et (Snow movement social analyz to used predominantly nowadays is which ‘framing’, of concept a by replaced been have theory, process political the of definition view” ). (Kriesi 2004: opponents their and movements social the of strategies the that level this at is it and action, and agency to configurations and structures inglin mechanisms “the i.e. t, conte 2004:73 (Kriesi audience” attentive nevertheless but involved, directly not the and countermovements) agents, repressive authorities, (public adversaries the movements), related media, the groups, (polic allies of configuration the is, that bystandersand antagonists, protagonists, “the movement: social aremobilizing that actors of configurations the wh with do to has power system of configuration The 1). 2004: political (Kriesi challengers” the of members procedures by “the employed and typically 2004:0) (Kriesi systems” political of accessibility institutional of degree “the considers he structures opportunity political By ts. conte interaction and power, co structures, opportunity political the process: political the of framework (Lichbach 1998:407). “ that and ontv lbrto ad nieos raiainl tegh iiil lmns f the of elements initial strength, organizational indigenous and liberation Cognitive 69 (2004: Kriesi Hanspeter
- 74 cutr, s uh s oiis n scey srcue rssac t authority” to resistance structures society, and politics as much as [c]ulture, . h tid lmn o pltcl rcs aayi cnttts h interaction the constitutes analysis process political of element third The ).
- 9 li ot he dfeet lmns f general a of elements different three out laid 79) s of the world and of themselves that legitimate and legitimate that themselves of and world the of s ymakers, public authorities, political parties, interest interest parties, political authorities, public ymakers, e persuasiveness of claims and grievances in a a in grievances and claims of persuasiveness e 13
n hy r daig with dealing are they en nfigurations of of nfigurations
come into into come -
CEU eTD Collection The 201). 2012: (Tarrow cycle the of dynamic a through demonstrated is authorities and them between and challengers of groups among interactions of outcome the Consequently, inte of variety a politics, contentious In 21). 2012: (Tarrow demobilization” its and development, its beginnings, its mar that events the and it, in engages who occurs, contention how of study deliberate “the by plained e are Epis 261). 200 : Tilly and Tarrow ( cAdam, claims” the to party third a or claims, of object an claimant, a is government one least at when maing actors, political collective public, of consists majorpersons of or onother clusters on connected persons consequential clusters byof claims politics “[c]ontentious argued they place, another In 5). (2001: claimants” the of one least at of interests the affect realized, if would, one least at (a) when i objects government their and claims of makers among interaction collective see acontention.” cycleof ac spreads contention such When movement. cases Insuch powerfulopponents. action legitimate, s connective effective and networks social dense on based are actions contentiouslytogether act canresources limited with people stan long based, group and partisan ideological, and material incentives: of variety a and to respond perceive participants when threats and opportunities political in changes to response S politics. contentious 1.1.2. ding and episodic. Building on these opportunities, and using known repertoires of action, action, of repertoires known using and opportunities, these on Building episodic. and ding
c dm Tro, n Tly eie cnetos oiis s eioi, public, “episodic, as politics contentious defined Tilly and Tarrow, Adam, c of concept the by consolidated and expanded was approach process political The The Contentious Politics Contentious The Approach a liat a ojc o cam, r pry o h cam ad b te claims the (b) and claims the to party a or claims, of object an claimant, a s - oriented cultural frames, they can sustain these actions even in contact with with contact in even actions these sustain can they frames, cultural oriented idney Tarrow (2011 :16) argued that “contentious politics emerges in in emerges politics “contentious that argued :16) (2011 Tarrow idney
-
and only in such cases such in only and ractions take place among a multitude of contenders. contenders. of multitude a among place take ractions ross an entire societyentire an ross 14
-
- we are in the presence of a sociala presenceof the in are we
if only sporadically. When their When sporadically. only if odes of political contention contention political of odes -
as it sometimes does sometimes it as tructures and draw on draw and tructures -
we of - CEU eTD Collection more from action collective of diffusion rapid a with system: social the across its conflict and heightened development, of phase its “a is contention beginnings, of cycle its a Conse uently, mark 21). (2012: that demobilization” events the and it, in engages who occurs, contention how of study deliberate “the by plained e be might contention political scientific their in changes cyclical perceive all who theorists social and economists; historical and historians political theorists; cultural from systems entire of dynamics cyclical on idea the borrowed ob to is it conceptualize to way best the held Tarrow 73) 2001: Tilly, and contentious Tarrow (McAdam, interactive the and dynamic of is politics nature Since politics. contentious in cycles explained Tarrow Sidney is authorities and them between and challengers demonstrated through a the dynamic 2012:201). cycle (Tarrow, of of groups among interactions of conceptualizecontention to wrong is it Therefore, contenders. of multitude a among place take interactions of variety a politics, contentious In adversaries. and allies protesters, challenging actors: of array an activ groups Contesting change. desired and problems social about claims conceptualizes that rhetoric a through programme its frames resources; limited fairly sometimes with mobilization for seek and contenders political other among fo search organizes, change, social a for push to opportunity political a recognizing group, Challenging government. the of incapacity or weakness demonstrates that identi self newly one least at and claimants the of one as government a of presence presuppose that conflicts of spectrum broader a encompasses politics contentious Thus, authorities. governing politic contentious of theory fied political actor at the side of the claimants who start to act in the political context political the in act to start who claimants the of side the at actor political fied hra Cals il i rsosbe for responsible is Tilly Charles Whereas
area of interest (Tarrow, 1994: 143; 2012: 200). According to him, episodes of of episodes him, to According 200). 2012: 143; 1994: (Tarrow, interest of area as a single parabola but rather as a cycle. Consequently, the outcome outcome the a cycle.Consequently, as butrather singleparabola as a s argues that contention happens among claim making actors and actors making claim among happens contention that argues s serve it as a processes (Tarrow, 2012: 200). Tarrow Tarrow 200). 2012: (Tarrow, processes a as it serve 15
ocpulzn pltc a contentious, as politics conceptualizing ely interacts, clashes, or cooperate with cooperate or clashes, interacts, ely
r followers and allies and followers r - CEU eTD Collection movement “a as institutionalization and contention” of forms violent and disruptive more of adoption the and/or tremese the toward commitments defiideological in shift “a as radicalization Tarrow radicalization. and institutionalization in between result claimants might of cycle movement polarization a of phase downward Similarly, 206). 2011: (Tarrow, favou in are usually challenge the of core the to closer are who those whereas out, drop to likely are challengers moderate more stage this In participation. in decline a implies Exhaustion exhaustio ways: several take can contention of cycle the of diffusion of path the argued Tarrow 147). 1994: (Tarrow, follows phase demobilization the disengages, cycle of peak the As 212). 2011: 160; 1994: nation gained has it after peak its reached has conflict The authorities. challenging in innovations as well as proliferation organizational presupposes cycle the of phase This frames. and repertoires new inventing time same the con and allays for search it cycle a of phase upward the along but of group small message, political into claims a its articulate to just opportunity political that Initiallyrecognizes claimants opportunity. political the of opening the with intersects oft contention of cycle of rise The 201). 2011: 144; 1 4: (Tarrow, elite” the in instability reinforce or create and actors disparate among conflicts and coalitions to rise give these when well for opened are opportunities “political phase this in short, In constraint. and opportunity of phase thelabelled is writingsit later his in phase mobilization the names Tarrow contention of cycle 201 142; 4: 1 (Tarrow, authorities” and interaction challengers between and flow information intensified of sequences and participation; and unorganized organized of combination a frames; action collective transformed or new of creation forms the in innovation of pace rapid a sectors; mobilized less to mobilized o a aiaiain f otnin wa las o plrzto wti te claimants the within polarization a to leads what contention, of radicalization a of r - placed “early risers” “early placed ad oaiain fcinlzto, ersin n facilitation. and repression factionalization, polarization, and n ; when their claims resonate with those of significant others; and others; significant of those with resonate claims their when ; al attention and created a state response (Tarrow, response state a created and attention al 16
1: 199). The first phase of the of phase first The 199). 1: sider making coalitions, at coalitions, making sider of contention; the contention; of ned ned en CEU eTD Collection life.” political shape can spirits invisible accordingly, act and does it believe people as long As exists. actually world other an religious which in way 160 (2001: Perry and Aminadze structure. opportunity political be can appl movements, social power in reduce gathered challengers repertoires, and and authorities cycles between discrepancies contentious in as well as structures opportunity 1.2.1. 1.2. originallygave movement risehave tothe changed. collapse. occ and collapse Movement rise, form, movements social conclusion, In claims. of makers established newly the to authorities the from power shifts temporarily) least (at politics contentious that interacti the of outcome the is cycle the of dynamic whole the politics, contentious in cycles the of elements enumerated above from claimants) of 208 2011: (Tarrow, reforms) through contention imprisonment to response governmental or violence of use by (e.g. repression governmental through either stable more becomes cycle the of end contentious the at between actors relationship the Finally, ). 20 2011: (Tarrow, contention” of forms conventio more of adoption the and/or ideologies extreme from away
e fr suy f oeet ta pooe oil osraie aus y challenging by values conservative social promote that movements of study a for ied
h cnetos oiis prah wih set ta atrtos n political in alterations that asserts which approach, politics contentious The Religious Politics as a Driver of a Social Change Social Driver of a asa Politics Religious - worldly, transcendental ontology. […] The issue is not whether such a supernatural a such whether not is issue The […] ontology. transcendental worldly, Explaining -
Religiopolitics based political movements differ from secular ones concerns ones secular from differ movements political based
r we te oeet civs t gas r hn odtos that conditions when or goals its achieves movement the when urs Religious politics (or religio(or politics Religious
on between claim making actors and authorities and and authorities and actors making claim between on 17
politics) is term that refers “to any social social any refers“to that term is politics)
r hruh aiiain (i.e. facilitation thorough or - 6) rud []e central “[t]he argued 161) nal and less disruptive less and nal - 209). It is obvious obvious is It 209).
claims to claims CEU eTD Collection re that change social a in result to tend movements, social other author to challenges processes, other an to appeal to movements religious of ability the and structures, opportunity and threat distinctive of legitimacy institutional unusual “the includes one former the that arguing making, claims political contentious secular and based governmentperceive whomthey asreprese incapableof turne s movement traditional and conservative advocates predominantly attempti in rhetoric populist applies government; secular by exacerbated problems solving of means a as evoked is which tradition, religious a to appeals against movement this as primarily thesis, this in researched movement religious directedthe with case the is later isThe enemies. other movements the against of primarily kind second directed the communities, is movements religopolitical refe of often category first is the of mission literature, a Whereas in politics. religious conservative (which, promote or nationalism communalism), religious of why favour and in when argue where, establish to either movements mass religopolitical that effort argued 697) (1998: Keddie appear? religiopolitics systematic undertook who scholars few o is Keddie i Ni 15 ). 2001: Perry and (Aminadze goals” secular with movements by appropriated been have institutions and resources religious which in ways the and movements predominantl a of actions and interests political community” 2012). (Chow the to objects sacred regarding beliefs relates that interaction oad mnae n Eiaeh er (01 18 dsigihd ewe religious between distinguished 158) (2001: Perry Elizabeth and Aminzade Ronald politics and religion on research conducted who scholars movement Social - y “highlighted the role of religious organizations in the mobilization of various of mobilization the in organizations religious of role the “highlighted y oll, rncnetl nooy wih a ipiain fr commitment for implications has which ontology, transcendental worldly, s
no pltcl co ta rsod t dsluinet ih secular with disillusionment to responds that actor political a into ity, and logics of action.” Religiopolitical movements, li e any eli movements, Religiopolitical action.” of logics and ity,
18 religious
- based organizations, which creates creates which organizations, based nting properly their value systems. properlytheir nting ca ves A r A views. ocial ng to gain political power; and and power; political gain to ng - distributes the power power the distributes eligiopolitical
rred as as rred internal internal ne of a of ne
- CEU eTD Collection spirituality of view holistic a combining often constructions, new are also they but syncretic, be may identities These problems. social contemporary address that identities tualized conte new construct to chance a participants “offer they argued 6 ) (2 Burns and Kniss movements, religious new of potential political Recognizing false. be articula the religiopolitical policygovernment’s announcements movement when were a new which of by mobilized became citizens Croatian the Indeed, mobilization. movement social increases economic or social underlying op Political structures.” to than action collective for provide they incentives the to related closely more are movements social and opportunities, political are place, to place cause supposedly they movements the than constant more are preconditions these for societies; their of disorganization the from or suffer people that deprivation of level the from derived be cannot action collective of outbreaks a loo cursory a “[e]ven that asserted 1) (1 4: Tarrow this, on Elaborating conditions. economic or social to response a as emerge that grievances collective 1.2.2. convey political messages. also movement religiopolitical ones, ideological along Consequently, political. be also might natur the obviously, 1217 1977: Zald and (McCarthy
However, to argue that grievances do not play role in mobilization of support would support of mobilization in role play not do grievances that argue to However, the to importance significant a give not does however approach process political The ted by the religiopoliticalted by movement as the threateningthe majority. tothe values of Religiopolitical Collective itsRelation Actionto and o a olcie li mkn ta dfns hi cneto challenge contention their defines that making claim collective a of e portunity approach thus places emphasis on how the political context political the how on emphasis places thus approach portunity
- 8 Tro 19: 4 1998: Tarrow 18; . What varies widely from time to time, and from from and time, to time from widely varies What . 19
- ; ee ad arw 98 4 and, 4) 1998: Tarrow and Meyer 6; t modern history shows that shows history modern t
Grievances and ethics with a focus on focus a with ethics and
003: CEU eTD Collection and organizing for bases mobilizing protest.” organizational valuable form communities religious course, of And, [...] action. collective justifying and goals movement articulating of way a as directly 2 2000: reaching in illiamssociety”( isting e with have “succeed people grievances articulate theybecause part in people they and reform” political at aimed movements social for grounds or and communities “religious that claimed similarly illiams Rhys ways.” noninstitutional) (though public in problems social address to exercising power political, inherently be may they Thus freedom. and empowerment individual - ) Wlim (03 18 mor 108) (2003: Williams 3).
eover argued that “religious language can be used used be can language “religious that argued eover 20
ganizations have been fertile breeding breeding fertile been have ganizations CEU eTD Collection Brussels and national of number rising A governments. national and institutions European of policies social and value Christian reaffirming by power political of share their demanding started have Europe Eastern and Western both from organizations conservative social the 2012), Sammet and elPic 22; 2012: Zrinšča and (Ančić countries European Eastern and Central of the to response a As 2009). alsothe majority but theWestern not only European, secularization hasinfiltrated process that Shields 2010; Robinson and Wilcox, 1471; 2012: (Chow same and abortion to right and the marriage, recognized that laws of emergence the to response 2.1. of theCroatian movement are? religiopolitical goalsthe What are? it behind actorsthe main Who being? cameinto religopoliticalmovement pursue organizations conservative social which In following: establish will chapter This systems. value parental to contrary deemed are that curricula educational introduce or partners, homosexual to adoption to right threate that amendments legislative to response in act They Croatia. in and Europe in both rise on been of Framing Their Activities Ch
apter 2 From the American Religious Right to the Rise of the to Right Religious American From the advocate that initiatives and Groups da f eiiu rgt oiiain rgnly mre i te ntd tts in States, United the in emerged originally mobilization right religious of Idea ned traditional family values by legalizing same sex marriage, recognizing the the recognizing marriage, sex same legalizing by values family traditional ned
a sra n h oreo h at w n afdcds coste globe the across decades half a and two last the of course the in spread has
- Social Conservative Social and Actors based conservative civil society civil conservative based religiopolitics socially 21
conservative and religious values have have values religious and conservative
in Europe? Why and how the Croatian the how and WhyEurope? in organizations
Religiopolitics
(e.g. the “Federation of of “Federation the (e.g. s in legislation in s
in Europe way the the way - sex
CEU eTD Collection such of first very The Reports). Noichl and Zuber, Lunacek, Estrela, rapporteurs MEPs their after (named reports such of four passing to advocacy online intensive and coordinated undertaken have an organizations conservative social The schools. in rights, education and health reproductive equality, and gender ual se strengthen rights, that women’s reports Parliament European the against mobilization on shareedand coordinatedstrategies socia of the those of Some marriage. homosexual of prohibition calling signatures metho citizens’ mobilization challenging more much organizationally second, to opposition same expressing for used also was petitioning The (MEP). Parliament European has is are which Parliament European the of efforts condemn to tries which activism internet through achieved is one first The noticeable. a purse they methods mobilization two Indeed, drives. initiative use and online organize to how as such conservatives, American from lessons key learning by Brussels in with reckoned (201 Feder Lester J. to According symbols.” religious display to right the on and objection conscious to right a through interpreted large at is which liberty religious the on and euthanasia, and abortion traditiona a preserve to necessity on ideas: of European the lobby sets three around claims their framing voices, ovement”)and values Christian the promote to politicians Political Christian “European the Dignity”, Human US OF “ONE the Europe”, in FamilyAssociations Catholic - sex marriage, abortion and euthanasia, and assisted reproductive technologies. The The technologies. reproductive assisted and euthanasia, and abortion marriage, sex deployed h frt om o pltcl ciim s aietd hog te asv civic massive the through manifested is activism political of forms first The
4) the social conservatives in Europe “have made themselves a force to be to force a themselves made “have Europe in conservatives social the 4) on - ie eiinn ad edn poet mis o th to emails protest sending and petitioning line o ntoa referenda national for convince labelled
central initiatives l family, on the right to life, primarily objecting objecting primarily life, to right the on family, l 22
- as promoting ‘gender ideology’. This method method This ideology’. ‘gender promoting as
rightist rightist l conservativel activities
ht eaie r vn constitutionalize even or legalize that
was MEPs to withdraw their support for for support their withdraw to MEPs undertaken
European Federation for Life and for FederationEuropean
will be described to shed a shed to described be will organizations. d introduction of sexual sexual of introduction d
in 2013 when through through when 2013 in e Members of the the of Members e i cleto of collection is d
light re re
CEU eTD Collection a referendum a 2015 February In referenda. the in decided be not should rights fundamental same of citize legalization prevent the would that of referendum on veto initiative legal Parliament’s the Court Constitutional the before challenging ( children!” the for “It’s initiative citizens’ Another 30.31%. t at rejected was Act Family The Church. Catholic the with associated formally not parents’ ‘concerned ( associati conservative the by initiated was referendum The adoption. except couples, married of rights to partnerships same of rights expanded that Act Family new the on Slovenia in held was substant with countries European across the streets 2009). (BBC Thismovement likely pro ofMadrid inspired subsequent ( Importa” Vida “Cada movement abortion tha bill a introduced the passed government Spanish leftist time thet the 2009 in When support. popular through legitimacy gain activities such of results conduct pro against campaigns bySpaniard established Both “CitizenGo”). orOir” The 1 ). 2015: Bijelić and (Hodžić rights” parental and “family for disrespect as well as states”, member in legislation “national disregarding mean would report Estrela the for vote their that Women for Committee the of members to sent 000 40 additional and representatives, parliamentary to sent messages mail e “50,000 included advocacy internet intensive encountered before never The Report. Estrela a “CitizenGO” platform petition online iin iiitv z duio n rvc otrok pravice in družino za iniciativa Civilna second level of internet activism is underta en through online campaign sites (e.g. “Hazte “Hazte (e.g. campaign through online sites en isunderta activism internet of level second The second layer of activism is achieved through a channel of direct democracy, as democracy, direct of channel a through achieved is activism of layer second The he referendum by 54.55% of voters who casted their vote. The voter turnout was turnout voter The vote. their casted who voters of 54.55% by referendum he on “Civil Initiative for the Family and the Rights of Children” Children” of Rights the and Family the for Initiative “Civil on ’s Rights and Gender E uality, in which they were misinformed misinformed were they which in E uality, Gender and Rights ’s - choicegender legislation,ideology, orsa ive Catholic believers. In March 2012 a referendum a 2012 March In believers. Catholic ive at f h MP ws ovne nt o ak the back to not convinced was MEPs the of part Each Life Matters Life Each 23
) that present itself as an association of of association an as itself present that )
Ignacio Arsuaga, those internet platformsinternet Ignaciothose Arsuaga, t would legalize abortion, the anti the abortion, legalize would t ) conveyed a massive protest on protest massive a conveyed ) a toe gre! Otroke Za - sex marriage arguing that that arguing marriage sex me sex marriages. sex me - e registered sex i currently is ) - life activism ns’
- - CEU eTD Collection to trying in useful also but possible, only not is counterparts American with comparison the (Croatia, Moreover, Catholics as identify citizens of percentage high which in countries those in merely organized are activities demanding organizationally evoking and process political the in represented properly being not is that majority moral silent a represent to claim they Finally, process. political the in stance activist intellectuals religious across alliances building to open also are tacticalbuilding organizations. society civil forming parties political mainstream the of structure political the outside emerged have movement of family reforms family theyas2014). law see threateningtraditional (Stille values package a and schools in equality gender teach to program a opposed well as movement The that legislation for Protest “The initative conservative ( French Everyone” The 2014). (BBC valid be to ballot the eligible those of 21.4% only becausefailedreferendum Slovak TheChurch. Catholic bysociety,the backed civil not the of initiative grassroots a be to claimed also Alliance This consent. parental whithout euthanasia delive prevented be would schools and banned be same which in referendum national a for calling petition a Family”for( the referendum onsame t is It
instruments
La Manif Pour Tous Pour Manif La noticeable n poesoas t hi frfot ad ru that argue and forefront, their at professionals and
lo same allow activities alliances Alianciarodinu za -
sex unions was held in Slovakia after the conservat after the was unions heldinSlovakia sex of a direct democracy (by (by democracy direct a of
htognztos htaefrigte uoensca conservative social European the forming are that organizations that
both with social conservativesocial with both f uoen oil osraie raiain idct ta a that indicate organizations conservative social European of - e mrig ad dpin f hlrn y ooeul partners. homosexual by children of adoption and marriage sex
voted, whereas the majority of registered voters are required for for required are voters registered of majority the whereas voted, ) organized masive protests in March and May 2013 against against 2013 May and March in protests masive organized ) ) had gathered more than 400,000 supporting signatures on more on gathered than400,000supporting signatures ) had Apart from organizing online advocacy actions, th actions, advocacy online organizing from Apart 24
organizing petitions and referenda). Their Their referenda). and petitions organizing boundaries. They are having pro having are They boundaries. ring education on sexual behaviour or or behaviour sexual on education ring organizations - sex marriage and adoptions would adoptions and marriage sex Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain). Spain). and Slovenia, Slovakia, mobilize mobilize believers
and political parties, butparties, political and ive intiative “Alliance intiative ive their supporters by by supporters their
need to take an an take to need
- Christian Christian ey are are ey CEU eTD Collection transition democratic The Church. Catholic the by solely financed then back both persons, the of leader a considered ( Centre” long “Family a organization Živ ović, arijo (e.g. ind this of activist and Prominent Church. Catholic the to attached closely being system, socialist former but for salary. professional of one the to, used are citizens the society civil the perception a from profoundly differ in engaged are they activism conservative social The careers. sound have and educated, well urban, people, leaders The for. eligible be not would parties, sources financial public and private both from thei publicize to resources of mobilization allow associations society civil resources of number A channels. conventional the to access had had and repression, resources state to organizational subjected not were who actors privileged relatively among emerged activism civic of form novel This 1990s. early in inception its since actors dominat been has that scene society civil Croatian the in novelty relative a are freedoms religious in insist and family traditional a for advocate death, natural a to inception 2.2. European context. religiopol American of elements which understand
oee, eti fr o pro of form certain However, an from protection life of agenda the promote that organizations society Civil Movement Religiopolitical Croatian Form the Actors that
activist, who undertake advocacy not merely out of own convictions, own of out merely not advocacy undertake who activist, religiopolitical btlsi centar Obiteljski - ie ii atvs hd urpiiul eitd n the in existed surreptitiously had activism civic life
oeet wr ete piss r nae lay engaged or priests either were movement) 25 h oiia ognztos sc s political as such organizations, political the , of the religiopolitical movement are mid are movement religiopolitical the of
ad fte o Žl ri, h is who ar ić, Želj a of father a and ) tcl oiiain r gnrlzbe to generalizable are mobilization itical - time president of the civil society society civil the of president time msae through messages r
ed by liberal liberal by ed - rare life CEU eTD Collection being Indeed, op still the to according f often movement the form who organizations society civil conservative the of leaders The 2013). (Ćurić, dangerous” very is society, which civil represent onlythey that and society civil the of h NGOs liberal “left that argued Batarelo John Vice leaders, prominent movement's religiopolitical the of One lead. he party conservative the and Tuđman President Croatian first the of c rule authoritarian the in refuge a found intellectuals engaged society civil liberal the of many that fact the of outcome an was decades half a and two position last the throughout organization monopolistic Almost sphere. public Croatian the organ society civil conservative social decade following a in those sense political of change media mainstream in activism their present to opportunity the as country's well as support the since ever Croatia financial both lost associations his and Ba ović Don ruling1 1. in Yugoslavia from independence was Union Democratic Croatian central nationalist nominally the when decade a in donations ore”( Child Croati that idea an of figure pronounced publicly most the was system, Communist the under jailed was pro undertook or families numerous religious besides assuring organizations, society civil such empowered society the in role Church’s the strengthen that p nns rm h lbrl ii scey raiain fr imposing for organizations society civil liberal the from onents rame rame n ain edd dmgahc eoey Te ii scey raiain “One organization society civil The recovery. demographic a needed nation an actors their Jedno djete više djete Jedno forty
can be be can ruet udr h dne o prolonged of danger the under arguments
establishment five years in socialist Yugoslavia communist rule, the role of civil society civil of role the rule, communist Yugoslavia socialist in years five existing considered also state financing for their activities that mostly promoted promoted mostly that activities their for financing state also ) and several other other several and ) ad vn oiat n Croatia, in dominant even and , ad the feeling th feeling the ad
too place in 2000 (Dujmović 2014). Although in thematic in Although 2014). (Dujmović 2000 in place too -
as predecessors of the today’s today’s the of predecessors as life advocacy. In 1 0s, don Anto Ba ović, a priest that priest a Ba ović, Anto don 1 0s, In advocacy. life 26
e associations y have an exclusivity of speaking on behalf behalf on speaking of exclusivity an have y vl oit sco i 19s drn the during 1990s, in sector society ivil - ihit u i raiy conservativ reality in but rightist
he presided were receiving state state receiving were presided he izations were not noticeable in in noticeable not were izations totalitarian particularly religiopolitical totalitarian
mentality that is, is, that mentality
labelling
- movement, nationalist
attitudes. once the the once
their their e - CEU eTD Collection “ schools. in program education sexual for curriculum a of introduction the objected openly ( Children” for Parents of Voice “The association the when children, marriagefamily” and (Stanić 2013). the of values fundamental the as woman and man between marriage promoting at aimed organizations civic numerous an as ar ić Želj a leader informal The rights). inheritance and rights and rights leftist current the once civil conservative citizens’ joinedthe societyorganizations those All etc. roles, gender on education contraception, as such issues the of autonomy same to now but woman, and man to entrusted solely and activism life pa citizen active for advocate values, last the of course the in being into came that religiopolitical civic a of importance activism. and power a with acquainted been not had and times Communist conse of on justification act to serve they as a repertoire, as serves fact later The Communist. of League the by supervised and organized organizations various by substituted been had GROZD The first manifestation of a conservative mobilization can be traced back in 2006, 2006, in back traced be can mobilization conservative a of manifestation first The in collected I information the to According
”
responsibilities a etbihd n 06 o doae n abstinence an advocate to 2006 in established was
movement is formed by a dozen of conservative civil society organizations organizations society civil conservative of dozen a by formed is movement oppose tt t prescribe to state - central
abortion; assert that a right to marry and found a family should be be should family a found and marry to right a that assert abortion;
of the same the of social order and the guarantee of a permanent legal protection of protection legal permanent a of guarantee the and order social
coalition initiative behalf rticipation in the society and in the politics, pursue pro pursue politics, the in and society the in rticipation educational initiative - sex partners (e.g. such as social and health insurance health and social as such (e.g. partners sex
initiative none is neto to intention its announced of the moral majority that had been silenced in the the in silenced been had that majority moral the of
“In the Name of the Family” was presented by its its by presented was Family” the of Name the “In
27
that “brings together individuals, families and families individuals, together “brings that decade
curricula that are touching upon sensitive sensitive upon touching are that curricula “In the Name of the Family”, that Family”, the ofName the “In . They promote traditional or Catholic Catholic or traditional promote They .
- sex relationships; and negating the the negating and relationships; sex the Gl field as roditelja za djecu za roditelja as - ae porm bit n the on built program, based , a core of the Croatian Croatian the of core a , vtv mblzto and mobilization rvative legislatively
arrange the the arrange – GROZD app eared - )
CEU eTD Collection theirforgoals assuresupport to In citizens. order Croatian supporting collect to managed They family. and marriage traditional Croatia, Anti the in to threatened due particularly are Rights Human rights of human Declaration the Universal of UN many the that by enshrined argued campaign the of initiators The Family. the and wider a of part ( Too” Embrio an was “I initiative the through on petition thus confining theframe into issues regarding sexuality hetero of traditional ‘Croatianvalue system’, with the inaccordance children rights toeducate parental the issueof 24) (2015: Bijelić and value the on decide to right government the of and “Reform” associations The D.C. ashington that International” “TeenSTAR fo “Refrom” The participants. active sexually previously of activity sexual of discontinuation or participants i is teenagers that to behavior offered sexual resposnible on programme specific a promotes Star Teen figure. prava ljudskih i vrijednosti obiteljskih Ri Human and Values Family Morality, star Teen odgoj spolni cjeloviti za “ the asociations, other sexuality, family, on view Catholic of foundation r
a Comprehensive h “ The GROZD opposes European al decision that introduced sex introduced that decision al
facilitated ” Sex Education Sex s n schools or in parishes aiming at maintainence of virginity of its its of virginity of maintainence at aiming parishes in or schools n
Association u the introduction of sex education in school curricula. The curricula. school in education sex of introduction the c
h campaign coordinated by the European Forum for Human Rig Human for Forum European the by coordinated campaign
- reasoning related content of their of content related - iciiain c,wih nteroiin s direct is opinion, their in which, Act, Discrimination
) and )
s soitd to associated is collection of signatures in 2008 for a European wide wide European a for 2008 in signatures of collection for
Teen for an alternative curriculum on se education rests “on “on rests education se on curriculum alternative an for
) are havng Ladislav Ilčić as a connecting promintnet connecting a as Ilčić Ladislav havng are ) a ghts” ( ghts” “Reform “Reform Comprehensive
Star 28 Reforma Reforma ”
education, arguing that argue parents have a a have parents argue that arguing education, is a is “ - and gender roles. Besides roles. gender and children’s
GROZD Association for the Promotion of Ethics, of Promotion the for Association member Natural Family Planning Center in in Center Planning Family Natural -
udruga za promicanje etike, morala, etike, promicanje za udruga Sex Education Sex the “ the I ja sam bio embrij bio sam ja I ”
education. According to Hodžić to According education. review constitutional a requests
of an international association international an of GROZD signatures ”
Teen secured a support of of securedsupport a - cultural val “
GROZD Star ) which was a a was which )
Association f 202 of ” d against ed
( Udruga ues.” ues.” ” , two two , , 409 409 hts
CEU eTD Collection letter advertised foreign theatre the from poster (predomin the founded of removal the ordered and request their legal backed the procedure, of outside Zagreb, of mayor The couple. lesbian the about performance theatre of Head the to email protest a example, For to. used werenot institutions and Indeed, place. took based Zagreb Television, Radio theybeliecompany,telecomunicationetc.)when theathre,a Croatian the (e.g. institutions of heads and politicians “ that conservative, idea new the promoting a as himself describes who returnee diaspora a Batarelo, John Vice is th and society of sectors political and civil the in participation citizens’ “promotes that association affiliation.” for good are values these indicate Croatia, in communities religious major the all of support mutual and society, progressive Hasanović Christian Reformed and q Community, alia, inter They, Croatia. Islamic in Church (Calvinist) the Church, Catholic the of leaders the Policy Social of Minister the to addressed documents religious major Vigilare
t Its life”.head of family values individual, and the of dignitypreservationrights eofand o the managing managing the o - The association “Vigilare” (Latin e pression for ‘awa en’) is registered as an an as registered is ‘awaen’) for pression e (Latin “Vigilare” association The own ”
who its its s mostly is
telecommunication product ad ht ubign ad aiy osiue fudto o a elh and healthy a of foundation a constitute family and “upbringing that said communities antly) from the city budget. city the from antly) the pursuing
y hwn te lc sep ign te hita crl I is open its In carol. Christmas the singing sheep black the showing by board “Vigilare” introduced a form of civic activism the Croatian citizens citizens Croatian the activism civic of form a introduced “Vigilare” traditional . Providing a proof of a wide sup wide a of proof a Providing .
the Zagreb theatre requesting removal of a poster announcing a announcing poster a of removal requesting theatre Zagreb the f h tlcmuiain opn “ company telecommunication the of internet
company that operates in Croatia for a blasphemy, as it it as blasphemy, a for Croatia in operates that company
every human being regardless of his religious or any other other any or religious his of regardless being human every
aus n lbrl aiaim a g ha go can capitalism liberal and values
ciim b clig t spotr t sn eal to emails send to supporters its calling by activism, 29 the the
The The uoted the chief imam of Zagreb of imam chief the uoted “Vigilare” mobilized its supporters to send send to supporters its mobilized “Vigilare” “Vigilare” accused in December 2013 a a 2013 December in accused “Vigilare” the “ the ve a violation of traditional values traditional of violation a ve GROZD port for their claim, in one of its its of one in claim, their for port ” the
provided provided iiae sae the stated Vigilare” d n hand. in nd statements Aziz efendi Aziz The The
of CEU eTD Collection norcivilcitizens societyorganizations were used to. previously to managed who returnees, diaspora demonstr movement religiopolitical the of leaders exposed publicly three These returnee. diaspora another yet student the of preaching in promoted been has II, Paul John Pope “Center European 2013:21 for Renewal” ispublishing (Bartulica, the presented example, for Weste the protecting and promoting non independent, pan a Renewal”, European Culture of Renewal the for Center The its and returnee, diaspora another Bartulica, Stjepan by led is association The 22). 2013: (Bartulica, healed” th then renewed be can culture the if that belief the “by guided kulture revenu business. make they which in society the of values cultural the respect to experts market their and companies instead encouraging space, public the on in holidays’ and cards ‘Happy Christmas of use the condemned They activity. protest driven value Catholic December2014 it as withdrawn be shall commercial A Catholic attitude on sociolog on attitude Catholic A citizens The -
COK ) the is established with a goal to educate and train future conservative leaders, leaders, conservative future train and educate to goal a with established is premises - rft non profit, ’ “Vigilare” and the “Center for the Renewal of Culture” undertoo anothundertooCulture” Renewalof the “Centerfor “Vigilare”the and
t that ate soito “etr o te eea o Clue ( Culture” of Renewal the for “Center association
r hrdwt teascain“iiae,ldb Vc Batarelo. Vice by led “Vigilare”, association the with shared are - activities European conservative association that describes itself as “an “an as itself describes that association conservative European - civic atsn euainl n clua ognsto ddctd to dedicated organisation cultural and educational partisan,
rn ideal of a civilised, humane, and free society.” artulica, society.” free and humane, civilised, a of ideal rn ciim a b ipre through imported be can activism
successfully f h “etr o Clua Ria” n h junl the journal the in Rvival” Cultural for “Center the of y, articulated in the theology of the body of the late late the of body the of theology the in articulated y, fed a offends ’ m s 30 ission resembles the one of the “Center for for “Center the of one the resembles ission
introduce mobilization techniques neither neither techniques mobilization introduce int o blees n al iies In citizens. all and believers of dignity
e political landscape can be can landscape political e - 22). chaplain
civic etr a obnovu za Centar
don Damir Stojić, Damir don
activation of of activation s n do and es er CEU eTD Collection was Planning” Family Natural for “Center association citizen The Family”. the of Name orie life pro is and family, intact n ina raised be should children idea the supports family, traditional Croatia, includingpresentedabove. those CRO savez obiteljski prava ( Rights” “Reform obitelji planiranje prirodno Stepinac' Alojzije 'Blaženi vrijednosti ( Stepinac’” Alojzije ‘Blessed values family promoting for “Association the are Those activism. their of core the as family traditional a and marriage gr a is there activists, Dignity”. non the by coordinated and organized expository local a as served VITA' 'CRO Life For Alliance “Croatian The death.” natural to conception from dignity human and life human unprotected endangeredor of protection the goal:primary of a and movements,implementation initiatives, projects an with members idea andindividual ( VITA'” 'CRO Life pro other Several advocates. pro as also themselves present Planning”, Family Natural for “Center the “Vigilare”, . h “rain arae n Fml Alac CRO Alliance Family and arriage “Croatian The ). The “ The values, Catholic of advocates from Apart association those of mission The nted. It is lead by Krešimir iletić, who was who iletić, Krešimir by lead is It nted.
Reforma -
of a European a of soito fr h Pooin f tis Mrlt, aiy V Family Morality, Ethics, of Promotion the for Association Association for Promoting Family Values ‘Blessed Alojzije Stepinac’” promotes promotes Stepinac’” Alojzije ‘Blessed Values Family Promoting for Association -
Hr - dua a rmcne tk, oaa oiejkh rjdot i ljudskih i vrijednosti obiteljskih morala, etike, promicanje za udruga oup of conservative civil society organizations that place a protection of protection a place that organizations society civil conservative of oup BIOS vatski savez za život 'CRO život za savez vatski - wide ) presents itself as an alliance of Catholic Catholic of alliance an as itself presents ) ; h “aiy nihnt ( Enrichmnet” “Family the ); - life associations established an umbrella “Croatian Alliance For Alliance “Croatian umbrella an established associations life campaign ); the “Center for Natural Family Planning” ( Planning” Family Natural for “Center the ); s is often multiple, as some of them, e.g. them, of some as multiple, often is s - profit “European Federation for Life and Human Human and Life for Federation “European profit
that the European citizens’ initiative “One of Us”, Us”, of “One initiative citizens’ European the that 31
- particularly VITA' active ), that “brings together associations, together “brings that ), dua a rmcne obiteljsk promicanje za Udruga btlso obogaćivanje Obiteljsko
advocate of the the of advocate
n h euain ad pro and education, the in - IS ( BIOS” family associations from from associations family rasi rči i bračni Hrvatski alues and Human Human and alues initiative “ ; n the and ); GROZD Centar za za Centar
“In the the “In - - life life ih ” - , CEU eTD Collection as aunion and between a a December man in woman 2013. held marriage of definition the on referendum the of conduct the observed who observers election ma of definition Constitutional the on referendum the ( “Observer” association The Family”. the of Name pres is legal a as acts who It Planinić, Krešimir of spouse a Planinić, day.” school every country poorest world's the in children the to meal proper a providing at aims “that eals ary’s organization charity international the “Vigila association the in active also Batarelo, Vice is president vice the whereas Skelin, Jozefina is association the of president The members. of gatherings and workshops through couples Development”. Family non international the by launched Program, Enrichment Family the on rely they goals their pursuing In children. their rel marriage their deepen by either families, their in more invest to aimed who parents of group a by 2010 in organization society civil “GROZD” Ilčić, Ladisalv of sister a Pavlović, eecutive Kristina its is director and Ćurlin, arija is association this of president The society.” and family enhan the within to relationships healthy create and to helping way nature; this in of spouses, between relationship laws the with accordance in and respect with fertility own’s of perception a encourage to fertility; and ualityse human towards each individual and public the to attitude positive a develop Ovulat to Planning; Billings Family the Natural of on Method education and “promotion of goal a with 2003 in established re”. The civil society organization ary’s eals Croatia ( Croatia eals ary’s organization society civil The
association Te iie ascain “Family association citizen The . The association offers advice and support for families and married married and families for support and advice offers association The - rft non profit - governmental organization “International Federation for for Federation “International organization governmental ationship or by providing a better education for education better a providing by or ationship 32
Promatrač
rriage, in order to to order in rriage, who was a former president of the the of president former a was who Enrichment councillor Marijini obroci Marijini ) was established in advance to advance in established was )
ws salse a a as established was ” of the the of recruit initiative ce and promoe promoe and ce ided by Renata Renata by ided ) is a branch of of branch a is )
and train train and
“In the the “In ion ion CEU eTD Collection the party HRAST former Those the party out. stepped several local of branches party, leadingthe of Ilčić’sway oflegitimacy denying andthe act, this with Beingdissatisfied the currently pre on agreement an signed Ilčić Ladislav HRAST party the of leader current the after obvious more become has power of intention The vote. total the of 2.55% receiving election, Parliament Political European 2013 Christian the in European run HRAST the Movement. with aligned is party The crisis.” moral and economic spiritua a in resulted has inaction scene, with oldandproven professional isfilled whose which action incapable and politicians, not had them of an people Croatian the values, human universal to loyal fields, their in experts person, and respected honest intheiras communities recognized been but have long public, general the to unknown mostly are people new These strategies. new and ideas new peop new introduces which politics Croatian in movement Christian the and people’s “the web its On conservative.” traditionally are that individuals and po Croatian “a as itself advocates partyactor,the political a being of Inspite intellectuals. public and politicians and parties conservative existing marginal several by joined NGOs, Catholic conservative HRAST rast “Hrvats i party the in active still are or been had iletić) Krešimir ar ić, Želj a Ilčić, (Ladislav movement religiopolitical party Finally, it is impossible not to acknowledge that all prominent ac prominent all that acknowledge to not impossible is it Finally, )
a rgsee a a oiia part political a as registered was appear aligned to the citizens’the to alignedappear strongest opposition party in Croatia, likely to form the subsequent government. subsequent the form to likely Croatia, in party opposition strongest previously iia mvmn ta big tgte pltcl ate, ii organizations civic parties, political together brings that movement litical
been involved in politics, but felt an urge to appear on the political the on appear to urgean felt but politics, in involvedbeen - pr o te eiipltcl oeet o tlz te political the utilize to movement religiopolitical the of part a
n post and l and material devastation and has produced political, political, produced has and devastation material and l
- - initiative
lcin olto wt Cota Dmcai Union, Democratic Croatian with coalition election Mo i Cota n 01 big onig y several by founding being 2011, in Croatia in y vement for a successful Croatia successful a for vement 33
“In the Name of the Family “Inthe ofName the - site HRAST is described as described is HRAST site d the Croatian state. Most Most state. Croatian the d tors of the Croatian the of tors mem ” and might have might and ” ”
( Hrvatski rast, rast, Hrvatski bers
who left who left le, CEU eTD Collection ideology movement of content the with do to had theory movement social new of component cultural “the that plained e illiams 2006). Diani and Porta (Della dimension alia inter who 2010) Castells 92; 2000: (Williams scholars are movement social movementnew by centrally the placed of strategies and emergence in role its and identity Collective values. might re movement a as social emerge a that shows movement religiopolitical Croatian the of case the contrary, the Quite 420). 1 : (Pichardo sphere” civic the control to attempts state’s the to 1998; Della 165). Portaand 2006: Diani but as 301) seen 2010: usually al. et (Amenta agendas policy set to helping in influential 716 especially 1998: Keddie 297; 2010: al. et (Amenta activity electoral through and candidates political particular supporting by or groups; interest durable creating and movem (Mahoney ones religiopolitical for favourable argued be might same The 302). defend 2010: al. et Amenta 2005; or Baumgartner policies unfavourable existing altering in movements social political However, government. national the of agenda policy the transformed movements Liberalism toLegal Response 2.3. 2015. endelectionsat of parliamentary theforthcoming thediffering expected for political strategies
One explanation for emer for explanation One social large several that showed (2005) Baumgartner R. Frank and Mahoney Christine theCroatian Activities of ents who influence the political process in several ways: through public protests, by protests, public through ways: several in process political the influence who ents age ta te olcie dniy ersns n nenl oeet building movement internal an represents identity collective the that argued , pne o tt’ itreto it a rvt shr, atclry dniy and identity particularly sphere, private a into intervention state’s to sponse
merely one form of resistance within larger cycles of contention (Tarrow (Tarrow contention of cycles larger within resistance of form one merely
do not necessarily endeavour to create new policies, but rather are insisting insisting are rather but policies, new create to endeavour necessarily not do gence of social movements is that they emerge as “a reaction“a as emerge theythat is movements social of gence
Religiopolitical Movement: Conservative Conservative Movement: Religiopolitical
34
- 717). Public Public 717). , the concerns the , protests
are are , CEU eTD Collection value their to contrary resonate that changes policy and legislative proposed to response social to turning chose might Citizens consent. genuireflect legitimate asperceived are that policies and norms Legal actors. state non of side the on actions determine and cause might values, societal dominant of reflection T norms. and legislation (new) through policies their frame governments Namely, discourse. constitutional and legal in affirmative considers it values the of valorisation a demands it that is movement i novelty The media. to interesting gladly are they supporters, of circle widest the reach and public the communication media proficient with endowed are movement religiopolitical of leaders the emails; protest of sending and signing petition their with connect to networks social online ofthepopulation membersthe sills cultural and the forms ofthepopulation.” In Stinchcombe conflict. the of nature a by shaped are protest people which by means the and protests of styles the that implies This 2). 1 6: (Tilly individuals” different on types the him, to According interests.” shared of pursuit in together act people that ways “the as contention of repertoire a defined 41) (1995: Tilly contention. of repertoire specific a through opposed 92). 2000: (Williams distribution” economic andinterests material ratherthan identities and norms, understandings, focused was action collective which in arena the and activists, motivating
cuy ei shr b strategically by sphere media occupy by both activism, internet deploying from Apart co is decision public a When repertoire of contention includes the “whole set of means [a group] has for different different for has group] [a means of set “whole the includes contention of repertoire
(1 : 124 ) argued that “[t]he elements of the repertoire are ... simultaneously ... are repertoire the of elements “[t]he that argued 124 ) (1 : oe ea nrs ta ae aietto o bt pwr ad peeal) also (preferably) and power, both of manifestation are that norms, legal hose
nsidered as unjust or threatening, the way is going to be to going is way the threatening, or unjust as nsidered n the repertoire of the Croatian religopolitical social social religopolitical Croatian the of repertoire the n sympathizers 35
choosing movements
technique
topics and creating events that are are that events creating and topics
s skilful organizing by and supporters, and . In order to spread their ideas to ideas their spread to order In . when high levels of contention in contention of levels high when approachable
s of use e platforms web
– to journalist, and and journalist, to ed Atu L. Arthur deed,
that is, cultural is, that
nely shared shared nely
and - CEU eTD Collection of quarter three seeks “In initiative citizen the Constitutions success referendum their of spite the in However, votes. Parliamentary of amending the as whereas cemented Parliament, likely very the in votes and of majority simple requires legalized legislation the of amending were Namely, unamendable. homosexuals for equality marriage of same of prohibition constitutional a way this In woman. a and man a between union a as constitution Croatian the of text the into marriage of definition the through demonstrates withawider their alignment European neo to resistance the family, traditional the introd of protection the issues: three tackled Croatia neo the now, to Up frame. master its as family traditional a preserving (Catholic) dom majorityand the the of values the of protection the set has process framing movement’s religopolitical The conservative the the of valorisation a demanding of protection the on rhetoric on claims their building by predominantly years, three past the of course the in politics Croatian the shape employedfor thedes resource strategic a also but (1 6), conflict” social a in weapon “a , Tur Austin of words the in becomes, thus, Law, policy. government’s the to resistance outfight or criticism, concerns, movem social circumstances, such In values. their to threatening as policies new of announcements and amendments legislative governmental the perceiving start to leadership movement social the by mobilized became citizens policies, t for repulsion genuine a owing than often More occur. systems uction of the sex education, the prohibition of abortion. Such a thematic cluster cluster thematic a Such abortion. of prohibition the education, sex the of uction h frt ol f poeto o a rdtoa fml ws ucsfly articulated successfully was family traditional a of protection a of goal first The to managed have movement religiopolitical the in aligned conservatives Croatian citizens’ ired outcomeired ofa change. social
ntaie I te ae f h Fml” ht aae t icue the include to managed that Family” the of Name the “In initiative ination ofthe identity Catholic inthe Croatian - 36 Catholic values in legal and constitutional texts. constitutional and legal in values Catholic
ents become fora for citizens to voice their their voice to citizens for fora become ents
family and traditional values and by by and values traditional and family - conservative agenda. - sex marriage and any impos any and marriage sex he legal norms and state state and norms legal he - conservative agenda in agenda conservative
society
through through sibility all CEU eTD Collection Cro indoctrinating and ideology gender importing for sex the introduced undemocratically and forcibly along all saying been had Croatia, in religions major N conservative parents, of representative a met not were requirements procedural the since curriculum school high and elementary educati health of introduction on provision the down ruled Court Constitutional Afterthe schools”. highand elementaryeducationin health of implementation curriculum ofevaluation constitutional associations li education instate the to accordingly chi their up bring to freedom have should who parents, Catholic the of beliefs and attitudes the to contrary is education’, ‘se call, they whatof, introduction the arguethat They systems. value own the with accordancein contraryelementary is rightsandin and schools high toparental in sexuality about learning that grounds the on curricula school in programmes education the traditional family far from seem b and marriage the over battles ideological the Thus, 2014). (Radelj marriage of institution the in enshrined is that one the to partnership civil unco of institution the to is right same the recognizes Act the it arguing Act, Partnership Civil passed recently the to opposing pursue organizations society civil conservative the Family”, the of Name the n e
to p Apart the Secondly, arental beaccordingly should value system
h “ the
rm umtig pn etr to letters open submitting from eiw f h gvrmna “eiin n h itouto, oioig and monitoring introduction, the on “Decision governmental the of review - run schools, a parentalrun schools, right GROZD h “ the right religiopolitical GROZD O rus te ahlc Church, Catholic the groups, GO
f parents of ”
and “Reform” submitted in December 2013 a proposal for a a for proposal a 2013 December in submitted “Reform” and ”
argued that “the [Constitutional] court recognized what what recognized court [Constitutional] “the that argued ldren in line with their values. their with line in ldren
o choose to eing finished. eingfinished. movement objects the introduction of health and civic and health of introduction the objects movement 37
to opt for a variant of health education that is in education health opt for in a thatis variantof to
f hi cide sal e tedn religious attending be shall children their if
- education program which was a beachhead beachhead a was which program education ministers
applied schooling system. inCroatian atian children against the will of their of will the against children atian –
that the Minister of Education had had Education of Minister the that
initiative
f oil oiy r education, or policy social of terest to educate their children children educate their terest to T h
e “In the name and other other and name the “In nstitutional, because it it because nstitutional,
“ GROZD ”
argues that argues on in on
CEU eTD Collection to law new the compared party, opposition biggest the Union, Democratic Croatian the of president way, this in CroatianChristian embryos saidfreezing bishops fundamental the dissolve will it Confer Bishops’ Croatian by the by backed not was and 2013 July in voted was legislation insemination. artificial of purpose with proposal legislation a 2012 February organizations r on regulation legal the was articulated became claims religiopolitical the which in arenas first the of One death. natural the until inception b individuals and conservative spectrum, organizations of number a by challenged was 2014. in passed was familyreformlaw of submitting by as decision Court Constitutional the presented movement the requirements, procedural inadequate on merely but organizations, movement social the by evoked grounds the on decision its based their up bring to valu their with line in children freedom and responsibility sole the have parents that state which laws and directives European other and Constitution Croatian the of 63 article against and parents peettvs of epresentatives
infertility “ Third topic the topic Third the human tragedies of the Holocaust and the and Holocaust the of tragedies human the its u r but
“ a request for a constitutional review of the Family Act Family the of review constitutional a for request a The victory. by Vigilare
advocating te snecs hm o death” to them sentences ather the civil initiative initiative civil the and and ” religiopolitical
and ence labelled the law the labelled ence initiative was eventually suspend
natural es” (LifeSite, 2013). Although the Constitutional Court had not had Court Constitutional the Although 2013). (LifeSite, es” the the “ Fertilitiy aus f aiy n mrig” Ga Knia 2012). Koncila (Glas marriage” and family of values
“In the Name of the Family” the of Name the “In conception that would contribute to solution of problems of problems of solution to contribute would that
“ Liberalization oeet s usigi a is pursuing is movement I
W Interestingly,constitutionalityof the as Care 38 an “
and profoundly immoral and inhumane, because because inhumane, and immoral profoundly sitd ua rpouto. o example, For reproduction. human assisted “ ” mro T Embryo does not guarantee life to people conceived conceived guarantee topeopledoes life not ed by Constitutional Court. the ,
(Glas Koncila 2012). 2012). Koncila (Glas
rsne i the in presented opposing the opposing
crimes of the Communist regime” (Glas regime” Communist the of crimes f th of asse hmn reproduction human assisted e oo fo ”
freezing of freezing used the legal mobilization legal the used protection of life fr life of protection rmed by the civil society society civil the by rmed canter
rain alaet in Parliament Croatian
oth from liberal and and liberal from oth after a comprehensive comprehensive a after - ai Jeli Damir ih pris The parties. right
embryos
th e Family ActFamily e
couples
ć for the the for om its its om , vice vice ,
CEU eTD Collection to pharmacist a which that Regulationrequires a issue to Health of Minister the to suggesting by counter the over pill Croatian the professionals, medical the of Pharmaceutical association the of one urged This Croatia. morning the January život Un for Initative Prayer the by coordinated are Croatia in vigils prayer The initatives. life pro European Western and American from imported and by inspired likely are and activism, performs that country the across hospitals public the of front in organized were vigils prayer the Easter, to advance Lent, a during 2015 and 2014 objection conscientious of expression to due abortions deliver who Croatia in 1970s since legalised being are that rights reproductive and sexual oppose that activities (Glas Koncila 2012). of line last c The majority'. 'silent a longer no are we because possible certainly be will This law. this bringdown to referendum acall possibilityto the with citizens endow that Constitution Croatian the by enshrined rights the of advantage o no with left are “ e time: first the for mentioned was referendum constitutional the to retreat a which in statement joint a issued “Vigilare” organization society i Already 2012). Koncila ) what confirms international support to a development of the protest repertoire. After in After repertoire. protest the of development a to support international confirms what ) . Recently social conservative and Catholic associations have associations Catholic and conservative social Recently
2015 the European Commission directive that authorized the prescription the authorized that directive Commission European the 2015 Interestingly, the same period witnesses a decrease of t decreaseof a witnesses periodInterestingly,same the defence - after pill became effective, its selling became possible without a prescription in in prescription a without possible became selling its effective, became pill after
Chamber ( Chamber
left to the citizens, but our efforts do no do efforts our but citizens, the to left
abortions. The prayer vi prayer The abortions. born Life born n July 2012, citizens’ citizens’ 2012, July n Hrvatska ljekarnička komora ljekarnička Hrvatska interrogate ” preparatory
( Međunarodna ekumenska molitvena inicijativa za nerođeni za inicijativa molitvena ekumenska Međunarodna
on the buyer’s se ual se buyer’s the on onstitutional complaint and the referendum are the the are referendum the and complaint onstitutional
forty 39 gils constitute a novelty in a repertoire of civic civic of repertoire a in novelty a constitute gils
initiative
days long period of fasting and prayer in in prayer and fasting of period long days ), to complicate the av the complicate to ),
“ I Was Was I t end in breach of this bad law bad this of breach in end t he number of medical socialist socialist medicalof number he behaviour an Embryo Too Embryo an o xml,i spring in example, For . “ undertaken a number of of number a undertaken nentoa Ecumenic International ther option but to take to but option ther
and to inform the the inform to and ailability of the of ailability - free sale of sale free ” and civil and ” ” -
CEU eTD Collection bi gay, lesbian, the against purposes political own its for idea, particular one of dominance whi good social a is diversity that pluralism, of notion the uses right Christian the that demonstrated (2008) Burack Cynthia policies. restrictive and conservative advance lib uses movement social right Christian the that example for noted (2006) Butler S. Jennifer Right, Christian the of research her In world. Western the in widely movements and organizations discourse, rights va and principles democratic human of use The rights. their other’s denying from resort not do they majority the of interests the serving are that rights human t of legitimization for discourse rights rule” (Ćurić 2013). Communist the during passed was that abortion on law the on one the including opened, be the of leaders the of one iletić, Krešimir since system, legal the transform to attempts movement’s reproduct acts marriage, of definition similar movement, the Thus, the from announcements prior no were there and means, contraceptive a as abortion promote to intention any announced be can pro of up opening ( unnecessary a on doctor medical buyer’s raso amcuso društvo farmaceutsko Hrvatsko religiopolitical Interestingly, in pursuing all thise topics, the conservatives use consistently human human consistently use conservatives the topics, thise all pursuing in Interestingly, explained rl rcdrs n rgt, upre b hmn ihs rais n dcaain, to declarations, and treaties rights human by supported rights, and procedures eral ive rights, but to restrict it. This particular issue might become one of the future future the of one become might issue particular This it. restrict to but rights, ive
by
- another merely as an import of the foreign repertoires, since the legislator has not not has legislator the since repertoires, foreign the of import an as merely life agenda by the organizatio the by agenda life
movement, stated that “discussion on all relevant iss relevant all on “discussion that stated movement,
eia ascain te Croatian the association, medical pre purchase lues has been used as an repertoire of contention by conservative conservative by contention of repertoire an as used been has lues y o t ognzto o te Constituti the of organization its to ly
side of of side - emptively ad y h Obdwmn o te edr qaiy The Equality. Gender the for Ombudswoman the by and )
of the pill. The R The pill. the of government er lis Hwvr b pooig h individual the promoting by However, claims. heir , not trying to prevent further liberalization of the the of liberalization further prevent to trying not , 40
ns belonging to the religiopolitical movement religiopolitical the to belonging ns
to amend any of the reproductive rights. reproductive the of any amend to egulation was criticized as criticized was egulation referencing Pharmaceutical nl eeedm n the on referendum onal
ues in society shall society in ues to pluralism and and pluralism to
h prevents ch Association illegal
and and - CEU eTD Collection beingcontrary conservative tosocially values. as interpreted are those when norms legislative of transformation the and rights) reproductive social the of anti one, educational restructuring (e.g. policies the re uire or priorities movement’s the as set are that issues proces systems political formal neo through society, influence their civil achieve to of try organizations agents conservative and initiatives civil of actions through ideologies u majority. Catholic moral the of representative lates self of share significant a has that country the in Moreover, values. and teaching Catholic the fit to conviction religious of autonomo and free to right the equality, marriage to right the children, their to taught be will equality gender and sexuality how way the on decide to parents the of right the interpret and discourse legal the manipulate reas own the for rights wisely human are of concept they a Secondly, claiming position. universalistic, not relativist, cultural a assume they interpretation, norm their in values, Catholic traditional, emphasizing selectively By system. favou in movement norms legal religiopolitical rights human the Croatian of interpretation uses The primarily community. (LGBT) transgender and sexual nu y t 2011 Census of population) the religiopolitical movement claims the legitimacy of a a of legitimacy the claims movement religiopolitical the population) of Census 2011 t ual . l ”
Indeed, in pursuing their goals, the movement’s organizations either lobby on social social on lobby either organizations movement’s the goals, their pursuing in Indeed, o cvl oit ognztos “aall ih h rs ad utpiain f their of multiplication and rise the with “parallel organizations, society civil for - us decisions regarding one’s reproductive life; and the freedom freedom the and life; reproductive one’s regarding decisions us declared Catholic believers (almost 80% accordance with the with accordance 80% (almost believers Catholic declared - discrimination one or the or one discrimination 41
ožć n Bjlć 21: 2 ntd that noted 22) (2015: Bijelić and Hodžić nn dsore Fr xml, they example, For discourse. oning
one dealing with the sexual and sexual the with dealing one o te w value own the of r
ses and and ses - CEU eTD Collection in cleavages brin they broad when society; around revolve struggles their When contention. of in cycles others widening by used are which opportunities, new creating action, collective of repertoire a and opportunities political of patterns Requirements Referendum Lowered Structurethrough Opportunity thePolitical of Expansion 3.1. The ofand constituents. demobilization mobilizatio in as well as resources; organizational its of building and recruitment its in also legal normsmight important rolenotonlyinthe playinception an movement, of thesocial but m the as movement social therefore explain will I chapter this In is? goals movement’s pursing of means a as mobilization furthermore am 41 1978: (Tilly events contentious of analysis and cataloguing systematic the by studied be to needs action collective the that and emerge, to movement poli of significance causal that argues that approach opportunity political upon draw therefore I Croatia? in religiopolitics of emergence Croatia through Anti SuccessContention: theReligiopolitical in Chapter 3 arw 21: 28 (2011: Tarrow favoured trends societal which establish to firstly seeking am I chapter this In why law was and legal norms, legal and was law why interested
Analysis of of Analysis of the Cycle g people together around inherited cultural symbols; and when they they when and symbols; cultural inherited around together people g - camd ht pol egg i cnetos oiis when politics contentious in engage “people that claimed ) 2 vmn' rpror o cneto. n hs a, wl so that show will I way, this In contention. of repertoire ovement's
n est in
ablishing what the motivation behind choosing legal legal choosing behind motivation the what ablishing constraints change, and then by strategically employing strategically by then and change, constraints particularly - 42 Gay Referendum ia opruiis s rvln fr social a for prevalent is opportunities tical
human rights ones, were deployed by the the by deployed were ones, rights human - 85; 1995; McAdam 1982). I 1982). McAdam 1995; 85;
n CEU eTD Collection ( Everyone” for Protest “The movement con of cycle the country decisions made and request so atare binding. referenda referen national call to needs Parliament the that a provision a contains Constitution the Moreover, referendum. for threshold the abolished accession, EU the on referendum successful of climate Political question. referendum the of favour in vote voters registered all of half than more that required Constitution the Originally, Constitution. the an to reducingamendment any sovereigntyproposing be national political oron heldunion on re binding a that requires Constitution the Namely, 2012. January 22 on place took that Union European the to accession Croatia’s to advance in amendment was Constitution held was referendum independence the one, first The state. sovereign independent an as Croatia of history the in held referendum first the was on held referendum accession EU Croatian 2012 particularly structures, 40 1999: (McAdam activities the construction of contention. and networks (iii) contention; of repertoire the (ii) structure; opportunitypolitical the of expansion (i)the politics: contentious the of elements throughfour Croatian the of contention of cycle successful a Therefore,movements.” social in opponents with interactions sustained in result contention of on build can in 1991, while Croatia was formally still part of the former Yugoslavia. The Croatian Croatian The Yugoslavia. former the of part still formally was Croatia while 1991, in dum on proposals to amend the Constitution when ten percent of the total electorate of of electorate total the of percent ten when Constitution the amend to proposals on dum Interviews with the with Interviews movement's religiopolitical raised obviously had structure opportunity the to Changes significant eto dsls ta the that disclose tention –
or construct or
oe aah, h trot ol nt aif te eurmns o a for requirements the satisfy not would turnout the apathy, voter lowered requirement for conveying a national wide national a conveying for requirement lowered initiative’s –
dense social networks and connective structures, these episodes episodes these structures, connective and networks social dense
– 1. aey te oeet sd xsig opportunity existing used movement the Namely, 41).
informal leader Želj a ar ić at the early stage of the the of stage early the at ar ić Želj a leader informal initiative’s a ai Pu Tous Pour Manif La 43
religiopolitical
appearance was motivated by the French French the by motivated was appearance
lts big elsi ta i a in that realistic being elites, mobilizing
movements will be will movements ), who organized a massive massive a organized who ),
structures; and (iv) (iv) and structures; - referendum. The referendum. explained ferendum ferendum - wide wide
CEU eTD Collection exam For elections. various at voting the boycotting prevalently by institutions political mainstream into distrust their demonstrating are who voters, the of dissatisfaction political of niche the recognized to opportunities diminished the to in response participate a as it recognize would citizens that knowing movement legitimize both referendum in the success knowing opportunity, the seize to decided actors religiopolitical the one, national the on Law the whereas held, was Referendum a set referendum the when on stations polling at 31.5 up only showed Namely, voted. Dubrovnik in voters of percent 50 than less since sufficient the Though referendum. local a for calling by Dubrovnik, above Srđ plateau the on resort golf the of construction a oppose to Dubrovni of residents the of the Namely, marriage. a of constitutonlaization definition seek to leaders the for inspiration an as served Dubrovnik, of opportunity the my struct as legislation confirmed referendum the movement in change religiopolitical the recognized the they assumption of representatives with interviews My issue important an such resolve to good peacefully, same is the that of think equation we want marriage, not and do relationships they Holland President the to message a send t from learned same against Paris in march ure. One of my respondents from this group said that a local referendum, held in the city city the in held referendum, local a that said group this from respondents my of One ure. Realizing that the local referendum requirements are set much harsher than those for those than harsher much set are requirements referendum local the that Realizing
number of supporting signatures to signatures supporting of number
through the democratic process open to all Croati all to open process democratic the through moreover he events in France, where millions of people have come out to the streets to to streets the to out come have people of millions where France, in events he threshold ple, the voter turnout at the local elections held in May 2013 was merely was 2013 May in held elections local the at turnout voter the ple, Croatian
re lied
of more thana of half
n the on politics - e mrig i Nvme 21. a ć rud “Having argued: ar ić 2012. November in marriage se
referendum civic n plc making policy and s their claims and makes them legally binding. The The binding. legally them makes and claims their s
initiative initiative 44 call for call
a a oe of model a as , a total number of voters. theregistered “ Srđ is Ours is Srđ the referendum, the referendum failed, failed, referendum the referendum, the processes an citizens” (Cigleneč i 2013). (Cigleneč i citizens” an initiative ”
( participatory Srđ j Srđ Te oeet thus movement The .
e naš e aae to managed ) mobilized the mobilized )
% democracy,
of voters voters of collect
- sex sex
CEU eTD Collection to started initiative the once confirmed been has nature political Its Family”. the of Name the decided to votingthe right with citizens ofcent persixty implyingthan merelymore was 37.9%, vote the rate high a disclosed referendum The invalid. as disregarded wereballots of 0.57% and no 33.51% yes, voted 65.87% that announced Commission Election State the ballots, the of all constitutional third The court. the D 1 from on held was referendum that request not did Parliament Croatian the because question, referendum the of Constitutionality the discuss not did Court Constitutional organizat rights human liberal numerous left ruling The communities. religious suppo was parliamentarian non and initiative The marriage. of definition constitutional the on referendum a demanding 2013 May in period week two in signatures would voted. referendum the of validity allows procedure the Surprisingly, vote. their cast to willing persons of share referendum certain just their mobilize to needed of they as initiative, success a for opportunity another provided This 2014b). Croatia of the of Commission Electoral (State round second the in 59.05% and round first the in 47.12% was turnout the as participation, of increase an witness however, 2014, December Co Electoral (State 25.24% was 2014 May in held elections Parliament European the at turnout voter The 2013). Croatia of Republic the of Commission Electoral (State average in 13.55% msin f h Rpbi o Cota 04) Te at rsdnil lcin hl in held elections presidential last The 2014a). Croatia of Republic the of mmission h ctzn ntaie I te ae f h Fml” aae t clet 4 collect to managed Family” the of Name the “In initiative citizen The However, this was not the only one referendum one only the not was this However,
of of abstain those
.
who restrained from casting their vote at the referendum as the turnout in turnout the as referendum the at vote their casting from restrained who - parliamentarian parties, the Catholic Church and by majority of other parliamentarian other theand Church Catholic by parties, majority of ecember 2013. 37.9% of eligible voters voted. After processing processing After voted. voters eligible of 37.9% 2013. ecember - ig olto opsd h aedet ln with along amendment the opposed coalition wing os n te aoiy f h Cota media. Croatian the of majority the and ions 45
td y osraie oiia both political conservative by rted initiative vn f eey he persons three merely if even
by the citizens’ initiative “In initiative citizens’ the by significantly
Republic
, The The 316
CEU eTD Collection declared not was question referendum the If rights. minority limit to aiming referendum a for campaigned 2013 December late in and Vukovar, Serbian the of introduction opposed violently central the by backed veterans war Croatian The resistance. wartime Croatian the of symbol a is and 1991 in forces paramilitary Serbian and Army Yugoslav the by devastation suffered that city this in institutions state the on script Serbian the with signs bilingual introduce to bound became government the Vukovar, of city the in population of % 34.87 make Serbs the that December2012 in established results concer veterans referendum a inspired woman a and man a between union a as marriage 404.252 signaturesrequired. were o in that established Court the as referendum, second the initiate the 2014 December in found Court Constitutional The failed. initiative, referendum first the towards supportive open was who Union, Democratic Croatian oppositional the including parties, political this supporting citizens of number the of number the of 380 by signed was petition The elected. candidates the on influence where system voting preferential a introducing referend this of aim the Namely, subsequently and Constitution both changing at aimed referendum Name” by Deputies Elect Us “Let slogan would citizens which in referendum second a initiate to aim an with 2014 October early and September late in signatures collect A shortly before successfully conducted referendum on the Constitutional definitionof Constitutional the on conductedreferendum successfully shortlybefore A ig h itouto o the of introduction the ning initiative
supporting votes the initiative gathered for the first referendum. Lower referendum. first the for gathered initiative the votes supporting
had not managed to collect a sufficient number of signatures to to signatures of number sufficient a collect to managed not had
initiative um
decide on the change of the electoral system. Under the the Under system. electoral the of change the on decide initiative
can be explained by the fact that a support of all all of support a that fact the by explained be can 46 Cyrillic ( iam zsunk ieo i prezimenom i imenom zastupnike Birajmo
- Cyrillic ihit n righti and rightist was to alter the way MPs are elected by by elected are MPs way the alter to was vot
r, o pry edr hv prevalent have leaders party not ers, nosiuinl y h Constitutional the by unconstitutional cit n uoa. fe te Census the After Vukovar. in script
script into the public discourse in in discourse public the into script rder to call for a referendum referendum a for call to rder , st political parties even even parties political st 649 voters, almost a half a almost voters, 649 electoral initiative
legislation of the war the of Cyril lic ly ly ) .
CEU eTD Collection corrupt extremely or corrupt was parliament that held respondents of 63% whereas corrupt, corruption, of fe Croatia respondents in 72%of revealed that experiences and views on survey opinion public a Barometer, Global Corruption 2013 the of data the Namely, values. endangered) (allegedly traditional of favour appe who activity political of forms new to people turned institutions political the in distrust substantial and corruption widespread has that country a In situation. economic worsened the and politics mainstream a with dissatisfaction groupsgovernment. and the challenging the between inequality power of degree changing in resulted eventually what resort requirements the in opportunity social in opponents t argument the of favour in referendum anti an as planned monetisa the against referendum a for 2014 October ( highways!” our up give not will e“ nation a calling by Constitution the in claims signatures of the citizens. Croatian managed democracy, liberal the of principles mu other and Croatian towns all to close in scripts and languages minority of use eliminate also would but Vukovar, of city the in script Cyrillic Serbian the of use the prevent only not would it 2014 August in Court ed to ed te opruiy tutrs h rlgooiia mvmn re movement religiopolitical the structures opportunity Other and veterans war the Besides diff initiatives ering - austerity measure by the by measure austerity
forms of contentious politics by exploiting a given political given a exploiting by politics contentious of forms movements , that managed to mobilize significant support from the citizens, speak speak citizens, the from support significant mobilize to managed that ,
hat the hat nicipalities. referendum This
for who managed to recognize and use the emerged political political emerged the use and recognize to managed who
centre
ovyn a ainl eeedm Al hs movement those All referendum. national a conveying socially Ne damo naše autoceste naše damo Ne - left ruling coalition is facing a number of diverse diverse of number a facing is coalition ruling left centre lt that political parties were corrupt or extremely extremely or corrupt were that political parties lt 47 -
wide referendum, a third referendum third a referendum, wide osraie teps o i to attempts conservative
nevertheless - left ruling coalition. Such an Such coalition. ruling left tion of the Croatian motorways what was was what motorways Croatian the of tion ars uncompromised and who argues in in argues who and uncompromised ars initiative
o olc 6000 supporting 680,000 collect to ) also collected signatures in in signatures collected also ) , which openly undermines , which cognized are a high high a are cognized siuinlz their nstitutionalize abundance opportunity initiative
of of
CEU eTD Collection embedded culturally around and within innovate instead but cloth whole of out contention Rights Endangered ofContention: Construction 3.2. The marriage, same the legalize to intention government's the defying by has, movement the 22) 2015: ‘tradition endanger that policies and laws passing of accuse they which elites, political the to opposed as ‘people’, “as itself positioning By policy. government’s the to resistance outfight or criticism, concerns, their ou stood movement religiopolitical the institutions, political easily people. mobilizes minorities) national or immigrants, homosexuals, (e.g. minorities societal towards of time the In country. the of fabric social the in uncertainty significant in resulted has and government the of unpopularity to contribute measures, austerity the and on an addition, In curricula). school in education civic and health of introduction and couple, married other on announcements the were those context Croatian (in policies public new back to citizens of willingness the risk the at puts institutions and parliament parties, political trus least the are government Similarly, 2013). International: (Transparency In a climate of prolonged economic crisis and significant distrust in mainstream mainstream in distrust significant and crisis economic prolonged of climate a In Tarrow (2011: 120) argued argued that the social movements “do not invent forms of forms invent not “do movements social the that argued argued 120) (2011: Tarrow succeeded - going ec going
alignment
in redirecting
onomic crisis, which in the case of Croatia lasts more than six years, six than more lasts Croatia of case the in which crisis, onomic centre ted institutions (Budak and Rajh 2012). Lack of trust in political in trust of Lack 2012). Rajh and (Budak institutions ted
of same of l aiy ado ‘ainl neet’” Hdi ad Bijelić and (Hodžić interests’’” ‘national and/or family’ al - the society towards new society towards values. the left left - sex couples' rights and responsibilities to those of any any of those to responsibilities and rights couples' sex oenets iitr f ulc Admnistration Public of inister government’s
Framing the Endangered Family and Family theEndangered Framing 48
t as a forum for citizens to voice to citizens for forum a as t
anomie , intolera , - nce nce sex sex CEU eTD Collection Alfred sociologist sexual American of work the denounces who activist conservative social public anti of part a as referendum civic the of movement marriage,family asimportant issues Croatian such society on majorityof stands of the other Government, what subsequent and present the to politicians, to explain and man a and woman a between union expected organizers the oreover, as chosen been has referendum that 2013). stated repeatedly ar ić (Stanić law” other any or Act Family the changing by just changed be s marriage, the from arising rights the all and family the thus and is, marriage as society a for fundamental so something that ensure to order “in chosen been has referendum the that stated ar ić Želj a leader, informal sexually live claimi to children, raising for place best the is family the that articulated arguments repeatedly over Family”), the of Name the (“In name initiative's the choosing activism. their of goal a being as values endangered and family endangered framed the as emotionally, mobilized were initative the for support their Summers 2001; Polletta and Jasper, Goodwin, emotio suggests movements social on literatue The frame. central his as marriage heterosexual a a of definition a of constitutionalization the religiopoli The repertoires.”
in
s ih pa a e rl i mblzto poess Aizd ad cdm 2001; McAdam and (Aminzade processes mobilization in role key a play might ns lectures by Judith Reisman in February 2013. Reisman is an American academic and and academic American an is Reisman 2013. February in Reisman Judith by lectures h pr o te ulc a ms likely most was public the of part The , aiis ih one with families emotionally and physically and emotionally
had provided. One of such attempts, that happened in advance to the organization the to advance in happened that attempts, such of One provided. had
and child adoption areand child “ h referend the
biological tical movement had indeed managed to gain support for its gol of gol its for support gain to managedindeed had movement tical m o nue osiuinl rtcin f arae s a as marriage of protection constitutional ensure to um
abused ones. At the outset of the of outset the At ones. abused
” parent
(Cigleč i 2013). (Cigleč i
e euain doay ws h organization the was advocacy, education sex marriage 49
r with or -
Effler 2010). Indeed, citizens Indeed, 2010). Effler deceived
uch as the adoption of children, can not not can children, of adoption the as uch by deploying the concept of family, not family, of concept the deploying by homosexual
by the the by initiative’s activity initiative’s alleged
initiative parents are necessarily necessarily are parents initiative’s ng that ng
as means of action of means as cetfc aa the data scientific
who expressed who systematica children who who children
activities its activities
since the the since From From lly of of
CEU eTD Collection an was artistic it as fake, was asserted picture the that message the discovered media The street. allegedly “ campaign father and mother with it in as well as leaders its of appearances children were empirically been “ that gave he interviews few a of one in stated ample,e for Batarelo, John Vice 2013). and incorrect was research academic this stated been has research later The 2012). (Regnerus father” and mother biological married, their of family intact the by raised children disadvantag significant a at “average on are parents ual homose the with media, in appearance her during t of beingantiasrights the in as well as Zagreb, in deliv lectures her In Kinsey. GROZD he
religiopolitical oevr the Moreover, photo taken by an Iranianphoto taken by an
, or by picturing a happy young family with small child as a web identity of of identity web a as child ” small with family young happy a picturing by or , felt asleep in asleep felt
association). An association).
more successful
proven that where that proven - familyand
movement, often asserted in advance to the constitutional referendum, constitutional the to advance in asserted often movement, initiative holding the in the drawing of her her of drawing the in the example ered at the Faculty of Political Science, the Faculty of Philosophy of Faculty the Science, Political of Faculty the at ered
Croatian ,
paedophile happier hands wi hands
that photographer iey sd mtos ete i te pubic the in either emotions, used wisely denounced
of you have a have you so called Texas R Texas called so
, Parliament the more ambitious more th their children as the central logo of the of centrallogo the as children their th - s campaign (e.g. by using a silhouette a using by (e.g. campaign s friendly agenda. Želj a ar ić, the arŽelj a ić, agenda. friendly
emotional manipulation was a poster of a girl who girlwho a of poster a was manipulation emotional 50
by the by one of her niece (V.Š. and R.J. 2013). R.J. ofher(V.Š. andone niece
happy Remn takd e euain n gay and education sex attacked Riesman , biased (Croatian Sociological Association Association Sociological (Croatian biased deceased “ Croatia Sociological Association Sociological Croatia esearch proved that the that proved esearch
” (Hudelist marriage
mother, she herself draw on the the on draw herself she mother,
and 2013).
a happy family happy a e when compared to compared when e
informal children addresses
referendum family a of
-
” leader
living it has has it , there
that and and
CEU eTD Collection initiative is who ar ić, Želj a Church. Catholic the of institutions the being sometimes and organizations society civil conservative of dozen acknowle to not impossible is It 2013). (R.I. referendum constitutional of idea the to sympathetic not were 2013). PROTIV, “ religio citizens’ the behind that Croatian argued the of structure of Representatives connective main a network, social the constitute i.e organization, movement's of level first the as well as represents, leaders movement between networks interpersonal the asserts that one the i.e. organization, organization. formal of degree some and action, collective organization: of levels three on depend formal when even persist permitting to organization another, movements one allowing with and sector aggregation, movement and coordination a of parts different and peripheries, st connective to refers organization of meaning third the and change; social resist or promote either who organization advocacy the to refers meaning second the organizations; of coalition a or with contact of point the at action collective of organization the to refers meaning first the organization: movement of meanings 3.3. n agnlpltcl option political marginal one
arw 21: 123 (2011: Tarrow of Power
“ In the Name of the of Name the In
g te oeet s ersne b mrl svrl iue ta re that figures several merely by represented is movement the dge is lacking. is ructures or interpersonal networks that link leaders and followers, centers and and centers followers, and leaders link that networks interpersonal or ructures Similar Networks and Networks the liberal civil society gathered in gathered society civil liberal the ”
Tarrow (2011:183), in addition, argued that that social movements movements social that that argued addition, in (2011:183), Tarrow esgs were messages - 124) argued it is possible to distinguish among three different different three among distinguish to possible is it argued 124) Family”, ” ..acnevtv oiia at RS Gaai glasaju (Građani HRAST party political conservative a i.e. , i nitiative
Mobilizing opponents usually controlled by one formal organizations formal one by controlled usually opponents
was “ the social networks at their base, the organization of organization the base, their at networks social the voiced “
In the Name of the Family the of Name the In a former president of HRAST. Ladisalv Ilčić, the the Ilčić, Ladisalv HRAST. of president former a 51
Structures
n h wiig f otl and portals of writing the in the campaign the ”
The third meaning of meaning third The informal “ Citizens vote against! vote Citizens
formally ” leader of the of leader
ltcl movement. plitical is actually standing actually is
connected to to connected journals - appear
movement movement citizen
“ n a in that the ’ ” s
CEU eTD Collection confessional boundaries na a that initiative articulated repeatedly organization society civil conservative the the However, Church. Catholic Croatian the to related closely are movement force behind share often organizations society sure for that networks them brought interest and values and acquaintances are of thatthey result a andtogether, as shared that argued their contrary, the On other. each and coordinated initially been not had they claimed organizations society the from informants my success, of leverage their enhance to order in several of society opposite ideologically Although issues. religious for advisor “ Zagreb. of Archdiocese association BIOS Stepinac’ Alojzije ‘Blessed association Mary organizations with associated legal is of president former the was HRAST of president current Center for the Renewal of Culture of Renewal the for Center ” , and a former member of the party HRAST. Vice Batarelo, who is the president of the of president the is who Batarelo, Vice HRAST. party the of member former a and ,
The informants from the liberal civil society argued the leaders of the religiopolitical the of leaders the argued society civil liberal the from informants The organizations and media asserted that a core of the of core a that asserted media and organizations councillor
s non is friends
and presented themselves as acting as themselves presented and “ “
Vigilare Vigilare movement development. identity character - ofsinl n aoiia but apolitical and confessional
and
of the citizen the of ” ” , is also the president of the of president the also is ,
family
exist is also a head of the Office for the Pastoral Care of the family of the the of family the of Care Pastoral the for Office the of head a also is of the of tea Bruia wo s h peiet of president the is who Bartulica, Stjepan ”
, a member of member a , among the movements leaders (a dozen (a leaders movements the among
members initiative ’ s personnel initiative ’ ” s eals; Krešimir iletić; currently associated with the with associated currently iletić; Krešimir eals; s , used to serve as the former President former the as serve to used ,
who established a number of civil society associations associations society civil of number a established who tmngdt in to managed it
the
“ in governing boards and bodies) are the driving the are bodies) and boards governing in In the Name of the of Name the In 52
“ Croatian Marriage and Family Alliance CRO Alliance Family and Marriage Croatian across
eetees seek nevertheless “ Association for Association
religious divides. As proclaiming non proclaiming As divides. religious raepriiainopruiis to opportunities participation crease “ friends GROZD religiopolitical informants
Family today. Indeed, interpersonal today.
” P
partners . Krešimir Planinić, who Planinić, Krešimir . the romoting of associations and civil and associations of
” from the liberal civil liberal the from citizens
is through his wife wife his through is movement is made made is movement conservative civil civil conservative
’ informants acquainted across s F Ivo ture of their their of ture amily ’
association
Josipović religious V
alues from from with - - CEU eTD Collection an as serve to is law if However, society. the of structure the in changes resist to effort organized an presents referenda and courts the on Reliance 1992). Rawlings and Harlow 1983; Zemans 1976; (Lempert proposals policy and legislative undesired the down strike to goal their of pursuit in Court) Constitutional the or Supreme the (e.g. institutions nonins through goals movement literature indeed thatsocial has acknowledged movements chieflyforstruggle their co the review to and Constitution the with regulations Consti the addressed it and referendum; them use to and norms strategically. legal with play to ability the demonstrates movement Croatian collective (Mc own means noninstitutionalized advance through who interests groups excluded by attempts rational are movements that suggests which r activity movement social civic traditional a to exception the an constitutes contention initiating by above, shown was it as also, but provisions, legislative ofconstitutionality reviewof judicial a forCourt, Constitutional the predominantly institutions, juridical addressing by and legislation of drafting the influence to transmits It att referendum. through primarily means, institutional a through chiefly ideas and such values conservative tools democratic on rely and framework, institutional 3.4. also ofother major religious ref a for support a mobilize the as effect, strategic a had indeed outlook an Such marriage. of issue institution religious
h Cota rlgooiia mvmn ue hmn ihs htrc at ihn the within act rhetoric, rights human uses movement religiopolitical Croatian The ofContention Repertoire inShaping the ofLaw Power Role and o eape t example, For that titutional politics, but also they might turn to the courts or other legal other or courts the to turn might they also but politics, titutional
r, no are, erendum on the the on erendum communities e oeet eid wc aray o n nttto o te civic the of institution an to already twice relied movement he matter
hi nmnto i, s rl sniie oad the towards sensitive rule a as is, nomination their .
tutional Court to decide on the conformity of of conformity the on decide to Court tutional definition 53
Adam 1982: 37). Quite the contrary, the the contrary, the Quite 37). 1982: Adam
of nstitutionality of legislation. of nstitutionality marriage frnu. uh rpror of repertoire a Such eferendum.
of the Catholic Church, but but Church, Catholic the of initiative
instrument of of instrument
managed to to managed
The social social The empt
CEU eTD Collection redefinition politically become to intention their articulated clearly have organizations society civil conservative utilized not had she Although 2014. December in held elections presidential the at Union, Democratic Croatian had ar ić society the civil of leader liberal informal the the from that informants articulated organization my of Several actor. political new a a as and both it societal legitimated has success its but authority, or power of position held not 3.5. (Browning, Tabb and 1984),described been already. Marshall, whatabove has wideningpolit advantageatake to of able leaders andrealignments, the of outcomes mobilization legal Indeed,the 1994). McCann 2001; Eagly and Cummings 2013, strat political other with conjunction in incorporated often are strategies legal movements’ social that established research The movement. social religopolitical Croatian only alsothewider but in authorities before pub the not movement the of claims legitimizes that contention of repertoire cheap relativelly this religiopolitical Croatian movement came witha Theinthe power associated movement. tothe professiona legal of engagement requires necessarily it change, social
religiopolitical Until the success in the Constitutional referendum the religiopolitical the referendum Constitutional the in success the Until Anti the of resource mobilization only the as considered be not shall however, Law, engaged
of nature rules, theelectoral confirmed thepolitical ofthe movement. - calculated Gay Gay Referendum . Besides, the choice of the second second the of choice the Besides, .
oeet eerhd eedd lo n h “lcin, political “elections, the on also depended researched movement popularity
ih h ie t b a rsdnil addt o te central the of candidate presidential a be to idea the with
as a Means for Positioning of a New Political Actor? aNew of Positioning for as aMeans at the latest presidential elections, elections, presidential latest the at 54
lic.
referendum religiop olitical ical opportunityical structure”
initiative informants ls which are being being are which ls
oeet Želj a movement , the one on the the on one the , egies (Boutcher egies
movement had had movement
from the the from - rightist rightist
CEU eTD Collection the in party political new a forthcoming become could media, to according or, Croatia, successful the in active still is or associated been had them of Majority The affiliated. party movement nor the of motivated activities politically neither were who Croatia over all from initiative be would central oppositional political the of leader curent the Ilčić, Ladislav ar ić, Želj a of activity political potential of prospects political one] presidential a or elections local the at Parliament, so, cannot new is fundamental on positions parties’ major the with dissatisfied being pression, e political a of a gathered the from iletić Krešimir sues of democracy in Croatia.” in democracy of sues
h cud ae already have could she
oiia model political
referendum the of rejection the Following tell
“ disappointing round the failed referendum initiative to change the electoral system are in search search in are system electoral the change to initiative referendum failed the round
n h Nm o te Family the of Name the In whether parliamentary
- Želja
ihit Croatian rightist ht ol icue t include would that
at HAT ta hs signed has that HRAST, party to supporters of the of supporters to
ar ić initiative elections Šego (Puljić and aretićŽonj
’ laes icoe t es ter esnl political personal their least at disclose leaders s participated
(Srdoč
will will
“In the Name of the Family” disclosed that “many who “many that disclosed Family” the of Name the “In Democratic ” activate politically activate
2014). He argued that argued He 2014).
largely came through a support of devoted citizens citizens devoted of support a through came largely n n elect any in er addts in candidates heir civic initiative civic 55
Union, expressed his concern such move move such concern his expressed Union, initiative o hl s fr ie fr h European the for [i.e. far so held ion .” (Srdoč .” coalition . . He argued that the success of the of success the that argued He . Theoretically party
“these h primnay elections parliamentary the y the by
2014). Talking about future future about Talking 2014). . 2015). with currently the biggest biggest the currently with
HRAST
people people Constitutional , if ,
- she wanted to do to wanted she
are looking for looking are Movement for a a for Movement
aspirations.
Court, Court, .
a I CEU eTD Collection by init values moral and religious the in embodied order social to traditional more opportunity for political advocate seize to movement religiopolitical the to favourable proved that regulation, that lowered of raise a to referendum the in changes led recent the Thus, success. its to eventually and activities movement movement, the of positioning the for crucial proved change structural natio lowered a that conducting legislation for referendum requirements the in change crucial a detecting their by to First, government interest. the from power leverage to managed movement religiopolitical the a wereopportunities distinct three power.The political leverage to structures opportunity utilize to managed movement religiopolitical the andrelation politics social betweenchange. thecontentious goal was Mycentral todetect how promotes that movement religopolitical the of goals the and evolution, the roots, the analysing bySubsequently, change. social the for religiopolitic Croatian The globally. acting and arising movements conservative social similar to features Croatian the that detected I research this of of matter a was Croatia, in movement religiopolitical the movements, such of One religiopolitical. is movements such of nature the by values religious or conservative traditional, impose to redirect to authorities between occur interactions wish political When power. who people by undertakings collective as act they when actors political Conclusions iating a referendum to introduce the definition of marriage as a union between a man and a a and man a between union a asmarriage of definition the introduce referendumto aiating Social movements challenge the behaviour or the legitimacy of specific social or or social specific of legitimacy the or behaviour the challenge movements Social al, similarly to its counterparts abroad, uses religioususes counterpartsabroad, its to similarlyal,
the threshold for the referendum success, generated referendumfor a success, political thresholdthe context the
n my research interest in the present thesis. At the outset the At thesis. present the in interest research my - ie eeedm y eerh ofre ta this that confirmed research my referendum wide social 56 vailable to movement that explain why and how how and why explain that movement to vailable religiopolitical
conservative values in Cro in values conservative
challenging
and social movements that wish that movements social and movement shares a number of of number a shares movement identity
h oiia structure political the
and values as a fuel fuel a asvalues and atia I established a a established I atia CEU eTD Collection to needed ce The referendum. signatures collect to of willing were organization who impressive supporters an and volunteers by strengthen was referendum contention constitutional for of capacity matter movements’ a not was family the though values, movement the that the demonstrated of frame a I upon contention the actor. organized political novel a of positioning a for used be politi contentious that established I law to referencing used that contention of repertoire a and organization; and network movement's processes; framing movement's the opportunity; movement Constitutional the on referendum product Catholiccommon interest. whoact ofconcerned devoted in the supported who citizens the place taking was mobilization referendum the of time the at afterwards, admitted and disclosed down fall non theywere of leaders The with. endowed are institutions political traditional actor, of most legacy uncorrupted nepotistic and as corruptive it perceived movement religiopolitical the of Supporters likely have reforms economic needed of current the for support of lack and with disillusionment The movement. religiopolitical the of claims the to conductive were that in as crisis economic the as well as politics mainstream into distrust deep a established I requirements, referendum favourable from Apart Constitution. the in woman - confessional The theoretical concepts I opted for in explaining the case of case the explaining in for opted I concepts theoretical The Tog te oiia ntr o the of nature political the Though . mobilizing v mobilizing ’ soc s initiative a ad oiia avrais n te hne n h srcue f political of structure the in change the and adversaries political and ial , and that they are acting merely as citizens concerned of the society the of concerned citizens as merely acting are they that and , ntral organizational strength lay strength organizational ntral oters for the referendum support that their that support referendum the foroters
“ n h Na the In centre e f h Family the of me definition initiative - left 57 contributed
government that underperformed in a in underperformed that government
endangered
might have believed the activity is is activity the believed have might of initiative marriage s however in the in however s ” mroe, a be srsig while stressing been had moreover, ,
o sces f h referendum. the of success a to
traditional family and endangered and family traditional n te oeet eoe both become movement the and
required the identification of of identification the required initiative
movem successfully
stigators of change of stigators is not Catholic, but Catholic, not is ent’s t l. The all. at initiate
leadership leadership organized organized indeed ’ segment without s moral moral s cs can can cs
the
a
CEU eTD Collection to managed themovement asposition acredibleand legitimate new pol entrepreneurs movement social the contention of repertoire the as discourse ( particularly use to opted had leadership The action. collective to that pro deployed frames cognitive of out also but strength, organizational of out both constructed was movement of religiopolitical theCroatian collective action The above. of contention described significantly Church, central oppositional the the of structure organizational basic the represented as served exclusively almost also but activities, interper the Although public. in and media in claims movement's the of organization internal only not secured leadership movement's The ties. family by even interconnected closely is that particularly
those on human rights, their interpretation, and the address to juridi to address the and interpretation, their rights, human on those
tection of endangered traditional family, in this way mobilizing emotions crucial emotions mobilizing way this in family, traditional endangered of tection h Cntttoa Cut a te he rpror o cneto. By contention. of repertoire chief the as Court) Constitutional the contributed - rightists and rightist political parties, as well as of the Catholic Catholic the of as well as parties, political rightist and rightists
to the organizational the 58
religiopolitical strengths referring itical actor.
of the movement in the cycle the in movement the of sonal networks of the leaders leaders the of networks sonal
movement, the support of support the movement, o eiltv provisions, legislative to
cal institutionscal using
legal legal
CEU eTD Collection 2006. Diani. Mario and Donatella, Porta, Della 2 Dražen. Ćurić, društva sociološ og Hrvats og javnost za Priopćenje 2013. Association. Socilogical Croatain Cohen 2013. Dražen. Cigleč i. Juergensmeyer ar and K., Helmut Anheier, In politics. “Religious 2012. Jonathan. Chow, 2010. Manuel. Castells, 2006. S. Jennifer Butler, 2008. Cynthia. Burack, 2012. antiRajh. Edo and Jelena Budak, Big 2015. BBC. 2009. BBC. Bartulica, Steven. 2013. Politics.” Contentious and “Emotions 2001. cAdam. Bran Ančić, Doug and Ron Aminzade, in Secular and Religious, Sacred, “The 2001. Perry. J. Elizabeth Su. and Yang Ronald, Aminzade, and Chiarello, Elizabeth Caren, Neal Edwin, Amenta, 2006. Edwin. Amenta, Bibliography , Louis, Lawrenc Louis, edr o te osraie eouin W ae o te xedd ad f the of Hand Extended the not are We Bishops.] Revolution: Conservative the of Leaders the repeated [ studiju“ saš„te u na obitelji' ime 'U inicijative predstavnika/ica pozivanja opetovanog povodom London: Routledge. Gay ant Not Does Society Croatian Markic the of ajority Marriages]. The ar ić: [Želj a Publications. SAGE 1471 CA: Oa s, Thousand studies.” global of Encyclopedia (Eds.), Culture Press. Al inInstitutions. Trust 08.02.2015.
o, and Siniša Zrinšča . 2012. “Religion in Central European Societies: Its Social ItsSocial Societies: European Central in “Religion Zrinšča2012. . Siniša and o, so - “ 1474. - lvka eeedm o teghn same strengthen to referendum Slovakia called y. Princeton Princeton: University Press. -
. Cambridge, Oxford, MA; 013. 5 (1): 21 Vecina
summoning
eeni list Večernji
Novi list. list. Novi “ The Texas The - Vođe onzervativne revolucije: Nismo produžena ru a bis upa. ru a produžena Nismo revolucije: onzervativne Vođe e anion e When Movements Matter: The Townsend Plan and the Rise of Social Social of Rise the and Plan Townsend The Matter: Movements When revolucije -
Sin, Sex, and Democracy: Antigay Rhetoric and the Christian Right Christian the and Rhetoric Antigay Democracy: and Sex, Sin, “ hrvatskog The Power of Identity, The Information Age: Economy, Society and and Society Economy, Age: Information The Identity, of Power The - Cultural Renewal Croatia. in “ 38. on gi: h Crsin ih Globalized Right Christian The Again: Born eja a ć Vćn hvt g druš hrvats og Većina ar ić: Želj a
rs Release Press Zagreb:Institute The ofEconomics.
of
- 80.03
ne UK: Blackwell. of the the of eiin n Scey n eta ad Eastern and Central in Society and Religion 59 - zeli
Annual Review of Sociology of Annual Review
Social Movements: An Introduction An Movements: Social the
- 7:107 gay rain oilgcl Association Sociological Croatian -
ruka initiative ” - - brakove>. The European Conser euro -
- 109. biskupa
- e mrig bn fails. ban marriage sex pe Research Methods in Education in Methods Research . New York and Cambridge: Cambridge: and York New .
- In the Name of the Family on Family the of Name the In 31170464>.
-
563103>. tva ne želi gay bra ove. bra gay želi ne tva
B. 17.10.2009. BBC. Political “The 2010. An ro: Pluto Arbor: Ann .
36: 287
vative
-
307. 7. 19 . Oxford: Oxford: . ”
Silence ” n the on BBC. BBC.
[The [The
- 22. tzv. ” - - . .
CEU eTD Collection 1982. Doug. McAdam, new of rise the movements, “Social 2005. Baumgartner. R. Fran and Christine, ahoney, Kinsey uashes court Croatian “Victory: 2013. Structure LifeSite. the and Politics Contentious of Theories “Contending 1. I. ar Lichbach Opport and t Conte 2004.“Political Hanspeter. Kriesi, Do hy and hen, Anti Protest: Political and Structures Opportunity “Political 1 6. Herbert. Kitschelt, here, Politics: Religious New “The . 1 R. Nii Keddie, 2013. Darko. Hudelist, 2015. Bijelić. Nataša Amir, Hodžić, Biskupi: 2013. HINA. 2013. PROTIV. glasuju Građani 2001. FrancescaPolletta. Jasper,andJames Jeff, Goodwin, 2012. Koncila. Glas elite in research educational mandarins: and “ inisters 1 4. Halpin. David and John Fitz, 204. Lester. J. Feder, 2014. Krešimir. Dujmović, issues, and the public agenda.” In eyer, David S., Valerie Jenness, and Helen Helen and Jenness, Valerie S., David 2005. eds. eyer, Ingram In agenda.” public the and issues,
- Chicago: University Press.of Chicago national - na ” tive
” - - referendum 200 Bhn 'n h Nm o te aiy i cmulgd pry ih even with party a camouflaged is Family' the of Name the 'In [Behind
. Minneapolis: University. Minneapolis: Press. ofMinnesota 65 Sjp Bruia n Vc Btrl: u Pa fr h conzervative the for Plan Our Batarelo: Vice and Bartulica [Stjepo - -- “ threats - The Rise Of Europe Of Rise The - nas ‘” “ stranica.html>. sex san tža rfrnu psjdj s lnj obrane. linija su posljednja referendum i tužba Ustavna oiia Poes n te eeomn o Bak nugny 1930 Insurgency Black of Development the and Process Political Izađite na referendum i glasajte ZA glasajte i referendum na Izađite “ - . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. . Chicago: University ofChicago teo atlc i ie aaeo Nš ln a onzervativnu za plan Naš Batarelo: Vice i Bartulica Stjepo - - plan
Social Order.” gradansku ed “ otn te poiin Sca Mvmns Pbi Plc, and Policy, Public Movements, Social Opposition: the Routing - 01.03 - - curr - i - d, and newspapers now have 200 pages.] Tportal. 11.01.2014. Tportal. pages.] 200 have now newspapers and d, sexual - - za glasajte 50. - “ iculum/>. konzervativnu z ' ie obi ime 'U Iza Neo - - inicijativu and oprtv Suis n oit an Society in Studies Comparative - za - - Annual Review of Political Science ofPolitical Annual Review 90. Reproductive and Sexual to Threats conservative - ’ --- reproductive British Journal of Political Science Political of Journal British s Religious Right. Religious s The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements Social to Companion Blackwell The 60 time - . Zagreb: CESI. - ugrozavate - - nt. i Dvd . nw Srh A. Sarah Snow, A. David in unity.” of - ti De nt nagr Anyone.'] Endanger not Does Tthis health - - based national sex national based europes Passionate Politics: Emotions andPolitics: Emotions Passionate ” - - - rights time ne ugrožavate ni oga ugrožavate ne time 28.07.2014. BuzzFeed News. News. BuzzFeed 28.07.2014. e oefl n Educatio in Powerful he stranka - nikoga - - izvan religious - biskupska - 86. - in - court - - - jos - the zbivanja /1140710/>. History d - - - />. - - europea/>. quashes ed curriculum.” ed 1:401 - konferenci 16: 57 - - a bartulica - - i 424. - - - Nuclear novine - ” kinsey 40 (4): (4): 40 85. [The [The ja ’ - n. . -- i ” ” ------. CEU eTD Collection Shields, 2013. R.I. “ 2012. ar . Regnerus, Želj e obitelji ime U desnici: na Preslagivanja 2015. Žonja. aretić Petra Iva, Šego, Puljić 2012. (Eds.). Sammet Kornelia and Gert, Pickel, So “New . 1 A. Nelson Pichardo, and theoretical elites: “Studying Name the [In se sualnoga.” odgoja i referenduma obitelji, ime “U 2013. Antonija. Petričušić, 1. agstaffe. argaret and Georg oyser, Meyer, Sidney. David and Tarrow, 1998. education.” in powerful the interviewing done: be will Lords’ “The Daniel.1 4. J. cHugh, M 1973. Zald. Mayer and John McCarthy, on Perspectives “Comparative 200. Tilly. Charles and Tarrow Sidney Doug cAdam, Mc Adam,2001. Charles Douglas, Sidney Tarrow, Tilly. Radelj. Petar. 2014. Petar. Radelj. cCarthy, John and . Barbara cCarthy. 1 5. “Power and Purpose in Survey research (If research Survey in Purpose and “Power 1 5. cCarthy. Barbara . and John cCarthy, Jon A. 2009. The Democratic Virtues of the Christian Right. Princeton and Oxford: and Princeton Right. Christian the of Virtues Democratic The 2009. A. Jon suradnicima/713251.aspx>. suradnicima/713251.aspx>. kostaju Associates.] its suradnicima. Study. Structures Family Research New the from Findings relationships? a - - - - . Cambridge: 260 University Cambridge Press. izlazi trebate 48 21. - 66. 41 (4): 752 41 (4): 23: 411 - milijuna ” ” “ - na chaften. Što ne znate, a trebate znati o Za onu o životnom partnerstvu osoba partnerstvu životnom o Za onu o znati trebate a znate, ne Što [Th - [What you do you [What znati - How different are the ad the are different How parlamentarne Inde - ey Cost us 4 illion: This is the Truth About Zelj a ar ić and and ar ić Zelj a About Truth the is This illion: 4 us Cost ey . RowmanLittlefield. & 30. - - kuna - dies o x 770. - .hr zakonu . London:. 1 Unwin. Allen and - 2.121. cial ovements: A Critical Review.” Critical A ovements: cial eerhn te oefl n Education in Powerful the Researching not know and need to know about the Civil Partnership Civil the about know to need and know not - - je o - izbore - - The Social MoveThe Social prava zivotnom The Trend of Social Movements in America: America: in Movements Social of Trend The 61 – - - 1000794>. 2010 istina Transformations of Religiosity. Religion and Religion Religiosity. of Transformations ult children of parents who have same have who parents of children ult - partnerstvu . iesbaden: Springer VS Verlag für für Verlag VS Springer iesbaden: . - o - zeljki Mritw, J Gnrl Learning General NJ: Morristown, . Dynamics of ment Society: Contentious Politics Politics ment Society:Contentious vnig hoy n Comparative in Theory dvancing - - markic - 290. - osoba 24. Nezavisni magazin Identitet magazin Nezavisni - - contention i istoga - njenim - ime . Pacific Palisades: Pacific . Annual Review of Review Annual ” - spola>. Lno: UCL London: . - oil Science Social - obitelji Comparative Comparative , Cambridge: Fist fights Fist Research - zeljke tions.] tions.] - - nas - sex sex ne - - - CEU eTD Collection 2013 Barometer 2013. R.J. and V.Š. Corruption Tur T.16.“Law asweapon ,Austin conflict.” a insocial Global International, Transparency Tilly, 2008. Charles. ove “Social 2003. Charles. Tilly, Tilly, 1978. Charles. 2012. Sidney. Tarrow, 2011 Sidney. Tarrow, Tarrow, Sidney. 1998. P in Contention” of “Cycles 14. Sidney. Tarrow, Summe 1987. L. Artur Stinchcombe, 2014. Alexander. Stille, for Elections the of Results 2013. Croatia. of Republic the of Commission Electoral State the offor theElections Results Croatia. of2014b. Republic the of ElectoralCommission State the of Commission Electoral State 2013. Branimir. Stanić, ar [Želj a izbore parlamentarne za platformu gradi ar ić Želj a 2015. S. Srdoč, 2008. Andrea. Smith, in Protest.” of Cycles and Frames “ aster 1 2. Benford. D. Robert and A., David Snow, Snow, A. D. in Fields.” Discursive and Ideology, Processes, “Framing 2004. A. David Snow, rs Berkeley Journal ofSociology Berkeley “ “ ršv mr ordt viensi i, m ovir, vrijednosni odrediti mora Društvo . Durham, NC, Duke. Durham,NC, UniversityPress. n Anti An d politics. d politics. ale University Press. 133 “ eiw f hre Tly Te otniu Fec Four : Frenc Contentious The Tilly, Charles of Review ls koncila Glas - Republic of Croatia. 2014a. Results of the Elections for Elections the of Results 2014a. Croatia. of Republic Gay ” et a Hsoial Seii Cutr o Political of Clusters Specific Historically as ments ” Cambridge:University Press. Cambridge 141 [In the Name of the Family Resort to Anything: After After Anything: to Resort Family the of Name the [In American JournalAmerican ofSociology - arae e Pry Fec Style? French Party, Tea Marriage . Cambridge: University Press. Cambridge - Press. The Blackwell The 412. 62 . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. on. Reading, MA:Addison 1.521. 38: 1 - 155. Companion to Social Movements Social to Companion Sociological Theory Social - 30. - - desk/an Markic Frontiers in Social Movement Social in Frontiers Problems - - gradi anti kr referendumom! akar Tportal 92: 1248 - gay - 23: 276 plaftormu - ” Wesley. 02.04.2015. . - o Croatia. for 20:41 marriage e Yorker New - 1249. - - Index.hr 291. 160. - - 60. za - ć is ić - tea ” - - . . . . . CEU eTD Collection and Religion Social “Introduction: Rhyson illiams, AComment Keepers: 2000. Promise H. 2010. Robinson. Carin and Clyde, Wilcox, ovements.” in American Politics zidovskog Onward Christian Soldiers? The Religious Right Religious The Soldiers? Christian Onward 61 (1): 1 63 - ime - - umjetnice/711735.aspx>. obitelji - 10. - ne - preza - ni - od - cega - nakon -