AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY 2021 Utilisation of Sustainable Ethanol in a Dual-Fuel Diesel Engine

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY 2021 Utilisation of Sustainable Ethanol in a Dual-Fuel Diesel Engine IX INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS AGRICULAGRICULTURALTURAL MACHINERYMACHINERY 20212021 23 - 23 JUNE 2021, VARNA, BULGARIA ISSN 2535-0269 (Print) ISSN 2535-0277 (Online) Scientific-Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering INDUSTRY 4.0 IХ INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY Year V Volume 1/8 JUNE 2021 PROCEEDINGS . 23.06 – 26.06.2021 VARNA, BULGARIA ISSN 2535-0269 (Print) ISSN 2535-0277 (Online) INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD Chairman: Prof. D.Sc. Tech. Eng. Hristo Beloev Rousse University - Angel Kanchev, Bulgaria Members: Acad. Jemal Katzitadze Georgia Agricultural University – Tbilisi, Georgia Prof. D.Sc.Tech. Eng. Aleksey Vasiliev All-Russian Institute for Electrification of Agriculture, Moscow, Russia Prof. Eng. Zdenko Tkac Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia Prof. D. Sc. Tech. Eng. Ceslav Vashkievic Agricultural University of Warszawa, Poland Prof. PhD. Erbol Sarkynov Kazakh National Agrarian University, Astana, Kazakhstan Prof. Dr. Eng Tadeusz Pawlowski Industrial Institute of Agricultural Engineering,Poznan, Poland Prof. Dr. Eng. Jan Szczepaniak Industrial Institute of Agricultural Engineering,Poznan, Poland Assoc. Prof. Dr. Eng. Adolph Ribka Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Acad. Sayahat Nukeshev Kazakh National Agrarian University, Astana, Kazakhstan Prof. Dr. Goran Topisirovic Technical University Belgrade, Serbia Prof. Dr. Zivko Davchev Saints Cyril and Methodius University, North Macedonia Prof. Dr. Silvio Koshutic University of Zagreb, Croatia Prof. Dr. Adnan Deǧirmencioǧlu EGE University, Izmir, Turkey Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Akinci Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey Prof. D.Sc. Tech. Eng. Valeri Dubrovin National Agrarian University Kiev, Ukraine Prof. D.Sc.Tech. Eng. Ivan Shilo Belarusian State Agritechnical University, Minsk, Belarus Prof. Dr. Eng. Reiner Brunsch Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Potsdam, Germany Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aarvo Leola Estonian Agricultural University, Tallinn, Estonia Prof. Dr. Eng. Kaspars Vartukapteynis Latvian University of Agriculture, Jelgava, Latvia Prof.Dr. Eng. Thomas Herlitzius Technical University of Dresden, Germany Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Alizadeh Rice Research Institute of Iran Prof.Dr. Eng. Plamen Kangalov Rousse University - Angel Kanchev - Bulgaria Prof. Dr. Eng. Mihail Iliev Rousse University - Angel Kanchev - Bulgaria Prof. Dr.Sc.Tech. Eng. Georgi Tasev University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria Assoc. Prof. Dr. Eng. Lyubomir Asenov Nikola Pushkarov Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria Prof. Dr. Eng. Sava Mandradzhiev Agrarian University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria Prof. Dr. Eng. Dimitar Dinev Thracian University - Stara Zagora, Bulgaria Prof. Dr. Eng. Krasimira Georgieva Thracian University - Stara Zagora, Bulgaria Prof. Dr.Sc.Tech. Volodimir Kurtsev Tavria State Agrotechnological University, Melitopol, Ukraine Acad. Prof. Dr.Sc.Tech. Volodimir Bulgakov National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine - Kiev Prof. Dr. Abdullah Sessiz Dicle University - Diyarbakır, Turkey Prof. Dr. Wojciech Tanaś University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland Prof. PhD Iurie Melnic State Agrarian University of Moldova Prof. Zharulkasyn Sadykov Kazakh National Agrarian University – Almaty, Kazkhstan Prof.H.C., PhD Pavol Findura Slovak university of agriculture in Nitra - Nitra, Slovakia C O N T E N T S SESSION “MECHANIZATION IN AGRICULTURE” Utilisation of sustainable Ethanol in a Dual-Fuel Diesel Engine Aleksandar Damyanov, Peter Hofmann ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Investigation of the torque and coefficient of friction of reconditioned details having Different materials of fric-tional pairs Assoc. Prof. Nikolov M. DSc, Prof. Kangalov P. PhD ................................................................................................................ 15 Reliability of foreign agricultural machinery operating in Georgia and methods of its improvement Jemal Katsitadze, Zaur Phutkaradze, Giorgi Kutelia ................................................................................................................... 19 Improving the efficiency of technical service enterprises at the expense of specialization, power and their location Subochev O., Sichko O., Pohorelov M., Solodovnyk D. ............................................................................................................. 22 Research on reducing the impact of sloshing on the walls of a liquid manure tank of partially filled in a braking manoeuver Gabriela Milian1, Sorin-Ștefan Biriș , George Ipate, Valentin Vlăduț, Mihai Matache ............................................................. 26 Research of machine-tractor units as standard links Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences P.Zhunisbekov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor Rzaliev A., Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor Undirbayev M., Ph.D students Bainazarov U. ...................................... 31 Digital agriculture: the experience of Ukraine Derkach O.D., Mykhaylichenko Y.M., Makarenko D.O. ............................................................................................................ 35 Evaluation of chosen indicators of intermittent seeder´s work quality Maksym Stankevych, Jozef Rédl, Miroslav Prístavka, Agnieszka Szparaga, Slawomir Kocira, Pavol Findura, Ingrida Košičiarová ...................................................................................................................................................................... 40 Evaluation of effects of biofuels blends on performance and emissions of diesel engine Tomas Mickevičius ...................................................................................................................................................................... 44 Selection of the information parameter for the thermography method of diagnostics of dairy cows mastitis Ivan I. Hirutski, Yuri A. Rakevich, Andrey G. Stnkov ............................................................................................................... 48 Possibilities of implementation of frequency inverters to change refrigerating machine modes Мустафин Марат Аскарович, Цой Александр Петрович, Тергемес Кажыбек Тилеугалиевич, Даримбаева Назира Исенхановна ............................................................................................................................................. 53 Mathematical model of root head cleaning machine with vertical drive shaft Volodymyr Bulgakov, Ivan Holovach, Yevhen Ihnatiev, Vasil Mitkov, Vitaliy Movchan, Viktor Karapetrov ......................... 55 Theory of vertical oscillations of a frontally mounted tops harvesting machine Volodymyr Bulgakov, Yevhen Ihnatiev, Valerii Adamchuk, Vasil Mitkov, Vitaliy Movchan, Viktor Karapetrov ................... 59 Машини за поддържане на чимово мулчирана почвената повърхност при трайни насаждения Иван Мортев ............................................................................................................................................................................... 65 Operational properties of diesel fuel with the addition of rapeseed oil esters Ass. Prof., PhD, V. Тkachuk, Ass. Prof., PhD, Iu. Melnic, Ass. Prof., PhD, О. Rechun ............................................................ 69 Kinematics, working parameters and modes of swing-type digging share of elevator-type po-tato combine Wojciech Tanaś, Mariusz Szymanek ........................................................................................................................................... 72 SESSION “CONSERVING OF THE RESOURCES ” Energy consumption and emissions of agricultural machinery for different arable land types Ńimun Lončarević, Petar Ilinčić, Goran Ńagi, Zoran Lulić ........................................................................................................ 76 Fem model for the study of agricultural soil compaction under the action of two-wheel tractor Mădălina Popa (Ivanciu), Sorin-Ștefan Biriș, Nicoleta Ungureanu, George Ipate ...................................................................... 80 Study of the influence of irrigation norms on the productivity of raspberry plantations Rumiana. Kireva, Miho Mihov .................................................................................................................................................... 83 Study of the influence of the irrigation regime on the yield of short-fruited cucumbers grown in open areas under drip irrigation Rumiana Kireva, Miho Mihov ..................................................................................................................................................... 85 Balkan endemic plants of Shutman Strict Nature Reserve in Kosovo - an inventory with chorological and life-form analyses Haxhi Halilaj, Lirika Kupe, Xhavit Mala .................................................................................................................................... 88 AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY 2021 Utilisation of sustainable Ethanol in a Dual-Fuel Diesel Engine Aleksandar Damyanov, Peter Hofmann Vienna University of Technology [email protected] Abstract: The dual-fuel combustion of ethanol and two different mixtures of ethanol and gasoline (E85 and E65) in a modified Diesel engine was investigated. With rising alcohol amount, a significant reduction of soot mass and particle count was
Recommended publications
  • Eleocharis Carniolica W. D. J. Koch, New Species in Flora of Montenegro
    18/1 • 2019, 129–135 DOI: 10.2478/hacq-2018-0005 Eleocharis carniolica W. D. J. Koch, new species in flora of Montenegro Snežana Vuksanović1,*, Nada Bubanja1 & Christian Berg2 Key words: Eleocharis carniolica, Abstract Semolj, Montenegro, flora. During floristic research of acidic bogs, calcareous fens and seasonally flooded (periodically inundated) grassy places in beech forests in Semolj region, Ključne besede: Eleocharis carniolica, Eleocharis carniolica W. D. J. Koch was found, which was the first record of that Semolj, Črna gora, flora. species in vascular plant flora of Montenegro. In surrounding countries, this species was recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia and Albania. This paper provides description of sites, habitat and ecology of Eleocharis carniolica W. D. J. Koch in Montenegro. Izvleček Med florističnimi raziskavami kislih visokih in karbonatnih nizkih barij v okolici Semolja smo našli vrsto Eleocharis carniolica W. D. J. Koch, kar je prvi podatek o pojavljanu te vrste v Črni gori. V sosednjih državah so to vrsto našli v Bosni in Hercegovini, na Hrvaškem, v Sloveniji in v Albaniji. V članku podajamo opis rastišča in ekologijo vrste Eleocharis carniolica W. D. J. Koch v Črni gori. Received: 27. 3. 2018 Revision received: 17. 1. 2019 Accepted: 21. 1. 2019 1 Natural History Museum of Montenegro, Vojvode Bećir Bega Osmanagića square 16, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro. 2 Institute of Biology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria. * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] 129 Snežana Vuksanović, Nada Bubanja & Christian Berg 18/1 • 2019, 129–135 Eleocharis carniolica W. D. J. Koch, new species in flora of Montenegro EN (Topić 2005, Stoeva 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Balkan Vegetation
    Plant Formations in the Balkan BioProvince Peter Martin Rhind Balkan Mixed Deciduous Forest These forests vary enormously but usually include a variety of oak species such as Quercus cerris, Q. frainetto, Q. robur and Q. sessiliflora, and other broadleaved species like Acer campestris, Carpinus betulus, Castanea sative, Juglans regia, Ostrya carpinifolia and Tilia tomentosa. Balkan Montane Forest Above about 1000 m beech Fagus sylvatica forests often predominate, but beyond 1500 m up to about 1800 m various conifer communities form the main forest types. However, in some cases conifer and beech communities merge and both reach the tree line. The most important associates of beech include Acer platanoides, Betula verrucosa, Corylus colurna, Picea abies, Pyrus aucuparia and Ulmus scabra, while the shrub layer often consists of Alnus viridis, Euonymous latifolius, Pinus montana and Ruscus hypoglossum. The ground layer is not usually well developed and many of the herbaceous species are of central European distribution including Arabis turrita, Asperula muscosa, Cardamine bulbifera, Limodorum abortivum, Orthilia seconda and Saxifraga rotundifolia. Of the conifer forests, Pinus nigra (black pine) often forms the dominant species particularly in Bulgaria, Serbia and in the Rhodope massif. Associated trees may include Taxus buccata and the endemic Abies bovisii-regis (Macedonian fir), while the shrub layer typically includes Daphne blagayana, Erica carnea and the endemic Bruckenthalia spiculifolia (Ericaceae). In some areas there is a conifer forest above the black pine zone from about 1300 m to 2400 m in which the endemic Pinus heldreichii (Bosnian pine) predominates. It is often rather open possibly as a consequence of repeated fires.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of the Belassitsa Mountain
    30 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 22 (No 1) 2016, 30–39 Agricultural Academy FLORA OF THE BELASSITSA MOUNTAIN D. S. DIMITROV and V. M. VUTOV National Natural History Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG - 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria Abstract DIMITROV, D. S. and V. M. VUTOV, 2016. Flora of the Belassitsa Mountain. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 22: 30–39 As a result of the floristic investigations of Belassitsa Mt carried out between 2011 and 2012, 1515 species belonging to 517 genera and 106 plant families were recorded. The most numerous representatives were from the families Asteraceae (183), Poaceae (121), Fabaceae (113), Lamiaceae (83), Caryophyllaceae (80), Scrophulariaceae (79), Brassicaceae (77). There are 41 Balkan endemic species and 4 Bulgarian endemic species in the flora of investigated area. Key words: Belassitsa Mt, vascular plants, flora Introduction Ahtarov (1939) reported chorological and ecological Information on the plant and animal world of the Belas- data on the representative of Genus Poa L. in the Belassitsa sitsa Mountain were first found in the travel notes of Evliya Mountain. Çelebi (1972) from the mid-17th century, where he described According to Stojanov (1941), the Belassitsa Mountain the mountain plane, poplars, white oak, turkey oak, elm, falls into the floristic region of Northeastern Macedonia. beech and chestnut, which grow around the entire mountain. Phytogeographic data on the flora of the Belassitsa Moun- Stojanov (1921) reported 1347 species, varieties, and forms tain were found in the studies of Stefanov (1943). on the flora of Belassitsa. He studied the mountain vegetation Information on the beech forest in the Belassitsa Moun- and drew a floristic map of the following formations: chest- tain was found in the works of Marinov, Nedjalkov & Nau- nut forest, beech forest, deciduous shrubs and mixed forest, mov (1961).
    [Show full text]
  • Ecologia Balkanica
    ECOLOGIA BALKANICA International Scientific Research Journal of Ecology Volume 8, Issue 1 June 2016 UNION OF SCIENTISTS IN BULGARIA – PLOVDIV UNIVERSITY OF PLOVDIV PUBLISHING HOUSE ii International Standard Serial Number Online ISSN 1313-9940; Print ISSN 1314-0213 (from 2009-1015) Aim & Scope „Ecologia Balkanica” is an international scientific journal, in which original research articles in various fields of Ecology are published, including ecology and conservation of microorganisms, plants, aquatic and terrestrial animals, physiological ecology, behavioural ecology, population ecology, population genetics, community ecology, plant-animal interactions, ecosystem ecology, parasitology, animal evolution, ecological monitoring and bioindication, landscape and urban ecology, conservation ecology, as well as new methodical contributions in ecology. The journal is dedicated to publish studies conducted on the Balkans and Europe. Studies conducted anywhere else in the World may be accepted only as an exception after decision of the Editorial Board and the Editor-In-Chief. Published by the Union of Scientists in Bulgaria – Plovdiv and the University of Plovdiv Publishing house – twice a year. Language: English. Peer review process All articles included in “Ecologia Balkanica” are peer reviewed. Submitted manuscripts are sent to two or three independent peer reviewers, unless they are either out of scope or below threshold for the journal. These manuscripts will generally be reviewed by experts with the aim of reaching a first decision as soon as possible. The journal uses the double anonymity standard for the peer-review process. Reviewers do not have to sign their reports and they do not know who the author(s) of the submitted manuscript are. We ask all authors to provide the contact details (including e-mail addresses) of at least four potential reviewers of their manuscript.
    [Show full text]
  • Balkan Endemic Plants of Shutman Strict Nature Reserve in Kosovo - an Inventory with Chorological and Life-Form Analyses
    INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL "MECHANIZATION IN AGRICULTURE & CONSERVING OF THE RESOURCES" WEB ISSN 2603-3712; PRINT ISSN 2603-3704 Balkan endemic plants of Shutman Strict Nature Reserve in Kosovo - an inventory with chorological and life-form analyses Haxhi Halilaj1, Lirika Kupe1,*, Xhavit Mala2 Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania 1 Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning, Kosovo2 [email protected] Abstract: Balkan endemic taxa are those whose distribution is restricted exclusively to the Balkan Peninsula. The aim of the present study is to determine the number of the Balkan endemic taxa in Shutman Strict Nature Reserve in Kosovo and to presented chorological groups and life-form categories of this flora. In the investigated area are recorded 67 Balkan endemic and sub-endemic species and subspecies. The most important contributors at family rank in the Balkan endemic taxa are Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Brassicaceae, Campanulaceae and Rosaceae, while the richest genuses are Silene, Achillea and Campanula. In the chorological structure of the of the Balkan endemics the largest numbers are from the Balkan, S European and C European chorological groups, while in the life-form spectrum of the flora hemicryptophytes and chamaephytes are the most abundant. The data of the study showed that Reserve of Shutman has a very high level of endemic species. This fact shows that Shutman Reserve is an important center of the Balkan endemic flora in the Kosovo and the Balkan Peninsula and the existence of a rich endemic flora is of great importance in the conservation of biodiversity in this area. Keywords: BALKAN PENINSULA, KOSOVO, FLORA, ENDEMIC TAXA, CHOROLOGY, LIFE FORM.
    [Show full text]
  • Pinguicula Habilii (Lentibulariaceae), a New Carnivorous Species from South- West Anatolia, Turkey
    Phytotaxa 64: 46–58 (2012) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2012 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) Pinguicula habilii (Lentibulariaceae), a new carnivorous species from South- West Anatolia, Turkey HASAN YILDIRIM1*, SERDAR GÖKHAN ŞENOL1 & ADEMİ FAHRİ PİRHAN1 1Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 35100, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey. *Author for correspondence. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Pinguicula habilii (Lentibulariaceae), described as a new species of carnivorous plants, is distributed in the province of Muğla in Southwestern Anatolia, Turkey. A full description, diagnostic morphological characters, and detailed photographs of this new species including SEM microphotographs of seed and pollen are given. The new species belongs to the section Cardiophyllum of Pinguicula subgenus Isoloba. It resembles the P. crystallina and P. hirtiflora. It differs from the related species by its heterophyllous growth, leaf shape and peculiar seed coat sculpture. It grows on serpentine rocks at elevations between 100 and 200 m. Key words: Marmaris, Muğla, Pinguicula section Cardiophyllum, taxonomy Introduction Pinguicula Linnaeus (1753: 17) is the second most diverse and species-rich genus of the “carnivorous” family Lentibulariaceae, only rivaled by Utricularia Linnaeus (1753:18) (Steiger 1998, Legendre 2000, Conti & Peruzzi 2006). It comprises about 100 species (Degtjareva et al. 2006, Beck et al. 2008, Rodondi et al. 2010). It is one of the most widespread genera of carnivorous plants genera (Casper 1966, Givnish 1989), distributed in subarctic, tropical, Mediterranean and temperate areas of Eurasia, North America, Central America (from Mexico to the Caribbean Islands), South America (Andes from Colombia to Ecuador, Chile and Patagonia) and northernmost Africa (Zamora et al.
    [Show full text]
  • New Data on the Ecological Peculiarities and The
    18/2 • 2019, 271–287 DOI: 10.2478/hacq-2018-0015 New data on the ecological peculiarities and the distribution in Bulgaria of the vulnerable habitat F3.1d Balkan- Anatolian submontane genistoid scrub from the European Red List of Habitats Georgi Kunev1 & Rossen Tzonev1 Key words: endemic vegetation, Abstract vulnerable habitat, Genista lydia The study presents new data on the habitat dominated by the species complex of complex, Balkan peninsula. Genista lydia/G. rumelica in Bulgaria. It is based on 129 phytocoenological relevés and provides information on the chorology, ecology and floristic structure of these Ključne besede: endemična communities. This habitat type occupies substrates composed by different volcanic vegetacija, ogroženi habitati, rocks. The floristic structure is very rich in species. The phytogeographical kompleks Genista lydia, Balkanski relationships with the East Mediterranean region are considerable, which is polotok. proved by the high occurrence of floristic elements with Mediterranean or sub-Mediterranean origin. The plant life-forms analysis demonstrates that the therophytes, geophytes and chamephytes prevail in their floristic structure, which is also typical for the shrub communities in this region. During the field study this vegetation type has been mapped and its total area of occupancy has been calculated. For a first time it is proposed this habitat to be divided into three habitat sub-types due to the established differences in the environmental factors. Some recommendations have been proposed on the conservation management and also complements on the habitat‘s descriptions in EUNIS habitat classification. Izvleček V članku predstavljamo nove podatke o habitatnih tipih, v katerih prevladuje kompleks vrst Genista lydia/G.
    [Show full text]
  • BIO2CARE WP3 Deliverable (Activity 3.1)
    INTERREG V-A COOPERATION PROGRAMME GREECE – BULGARIA 2014 – 2020 Reinforcing Protected Areas Capacity through an Innovative Methodology for Sustainability – BIO2CARE – (Reg. No: 1890) WP3 Deliverable 3.1 One (1) study collecting information and producing knowledge regarding anthropogenic activities and status of nature (incl. SWOT analysis) of the areas The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Deliverable 3.1 Project Acronym: BIO2CARE -1- INTERREG V-A CP Table of Contents Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 1: Introduction – Definition of study areas and their significance .................................................. 4 Chapter 2: Study Area 1- National Park of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace (GR) ....................................... 11 2.1 Status of Nature of Study Area 1 .......................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Geographical characteristics .............................................................................................................. 11 2.1.2 Flora ..................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Disertační Práce
    PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA Disertační práce Tomáš Peterka Brno 2019 PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA Variability of fen vegetation on the European scale Ph.D. Dissertation Tomáš Peterka Vedoucí práce: doc. Mgr. Michal Hájek, Ph.D. Ústav botaniky a zoologie Brno 2019 Bibliographic Entry Author: Mgr. Tomáš Peterka Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Department of Botany and Zoology Title of Dissertation: Variability of fen vegetation on the European scale Degree programme: Biology Field of Study: Botany Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Michal Hájek, Ph.D. Academic Year: 2018/2019 Number of Pages: 37+181 Keywords: databases; phytosociological relevés; environmental gradients; classification; wetlands; endangered habitats; pH; mires; plant communities; vegetation Bibliografický záznam Autor: Mgr. Tomáš Peterka Přírodovědecká fakulta, Masarykova univerzita Ústav botaniky a zoologie Název práce: Variabilita slatiništní vegetace na evropském měřítku Studijní program: Biologie Studijní obor: Botanika Školitel: doc. Mgr. Michal Hájek, Ph.D. Akademický rok: 2018/2019 Počet stran: 37+181 Klíčová slova: databáze; fytocenologické snímky; gradienty prostředí; klasifikace; mokřady; ohrožené biotopy; pH; rašeliniště; rostlinná společenstva; vegetace Abstract Fens (minerotrophic mires, plant communities of the Scheuchzerio palustris-Caricetea fuscae class) have great importance for biodiversity protection and belong among endangered habitats in many parts of Europe. Phytosociological classification of fen vegetation at the level of alliances (i.e. major vegetation units), however, differs among European countries, which complicates communication among scientist as well as habitat protection at the supra-national level. Several vegetation systems accent the stand physiognomy and hydrological factors as the main classification criteria for delimitation of alliances. Other systems, mostly following the Scandinavian tradition, distinguish alliances along the “poor- rich” gradient (complex gradient of pH and the total mineral richness).
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Distribution, Ecology, Associated Vegetation and Conservation Status of Gymnadenia (Orchidaceae) in Kosovo
    Italian Botanist 12: 1–27 (2021) doi: 10.3897/italianbotanist.12.65699 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://italianbotanist.pensoft.net Notes on the distribution, ecology, associated vegetation and conservation status of Gymnadenia (Orchidaceae) in Kosovo Naim Berisha1, Kimete Lluga Rizani1, Bujar Kadriaj1, Fadil Millaku1,2 1 Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina, St. “Nena Tereze”, nn., 10 000 Prishtina, Kosovo 2 Faculty of Agrobussines, University “Haxhi Zeka”, St. “UÇK”, nn., 30 000, Peja, Kosovo Corresponding author: Naim Berisha ([email protected]) Academic editor: S. Bogdanović | Received 9 March 2021 | Accepted 13 July 2021 | Published 4 August 2021 Citation: Berisha N, Rizani KL, Kadriaj B, Millaku F (2021) Notes on the distribution, ecology, associated vegetation and conservation status of Gymnadenia (Orchidaceae) in Kosovo. Italian Botanist 12: 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3897/ italianbotanist.12.65699 Abstract Four species of Gymnadenia are native to Kosovo: G. conopsea, G. frivaldii, G. nigra, and G. odoratissima. In this study, field expedition data, phytosociological relevés, herbarium specimens along with extensive literature sources were used to analyse vegetation and ecological characteristics, habitat types, distribu- tional patterns as well as provide notes on conservation. Gymnadenia conopsea is distributed throughout the country, from lowlands to the alpine belt. It was recorded in various plant communities. Gymnadenia frivaldii grows in the alpine zone of mountains, close to streams and in wet meadows. Its relevés belong to the class Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae. This species is classified as “Near Threatened” (NT) in Kosovo. Gymnadenia nigra grows in subalpine and alpine grassland on preferably calcareous substrate. It has been found in almost all mountains reaching >2000 m a.s.l., and occurs in different plant communities belong- ing to the class: Elyno-Seslerietea.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulgaria - Flowers of the Balkans
    Bulgaria - Flowers of the Balkans Naturetrek Tour Report 20 - 27 June 2009 Flower Meadows by Peter Cullens Pirin Mountains by Peter Cullens Cow Wheat by Peter Cullens Gymnadenia frivalfii by Sue Parker Report compiled by Maureen Ponting Naturetrek Cheriton Mill Cheriton Alresford Hampshire SO24 0NG England T: +44 (0)1962 733051 F: +44 (0)1962 736426 E:[email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Bulgaria - Flowers of the Balkans Iris reichenbachii by Maureen Ponting OnosmaHeterophylla by Maureen Ponting Black-veined White Butterflies on Stachys officinalis Black-veined White Butterflies on Knautia arvensis by Maureen Ponting by Maureen Ponting 2 © Naturetrek October 09 Tour Report Bulgaria - Flowers of the Balkans Tour Leaders: Maureen Ponting (Naturetrek Leader) Nikolay Dilchev (Local Guide) Mitko Dimitrov (Local Botanist) Participants: Felicity Irons-Smith Helen Cullens Peter Cullens Sue Parker Pat O’Reilly John Good Margaret Earle Andrew Eadie Marion Eadie Joan Baron Ailsa Reid Helga Vindenes Dorothy Smart Bruce Poulter Diana Poulter Day 1 Saturday 20th June Hotel Studena, Vitosha Mountain National Park We arrived in Sofia in the afternoon, to be welcomed by Peter Dilchev, the son of our local tour manager and Mitko Dimitrov, our Bulgarian botanist. We drove for about an hour to Hotel Studena, a hunting lodge surrounded by beautiful meadows, a lake and views of mountains. After settling in we met to explore the meadows, colourful with Coronilla varia, Crown Vetch. purple spikes of several Salvia spp. and the curious yellow and blue flowers of Melampyrum scardicum, Hungarian Cow-Wheat. A thunderstorm with all the trimmings sent us rushing back to the hotel.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulgaria - Flowers of the Balkans
    Bulgaria - Flowers of the Balkans Naturetrek Tour Report 15 - 22 June 2019 Bug Orchid Verbascum speciosum Hybrid Orchid (Bug x Green-winged) On Golobardo Mountain Haberlea rhodopensis Report & Images by Andrew Cleave Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Bulgaria - Flowers of the Balkans Tour participants: Andrew Cleave (leader), Vlado Vladimirov with Vladimir Trifanov (local botanists) With 14 Naturetrek clients Tour summary Our mid-summer holiday in search of the flowers of southern Bulgaria took us to some stunning botanical locations and we were able to find a huge range of plants, many of them Balkan endemics. The middle of June is a good time to visit this part of Bulgaria as the mountain roads and passes are mostly clear of snow and the alpine flora is at its best. We were able to visit some high-altitude sites, many of them above the tree-line, where we found fascinating alpine flowers growing in profusion. We enjoyed pleasant walks through forests of native firs and pines where the flora, and the birds and insects, were of great interest. Travelling through the largely unspoilt countryside gave us the chance to see the type of agriculture still practiced here. White Storks are a still- familiar sight in Bulgaria, with their large nests being seen in many of the villages. There was time to visit the extraordinary Rila Monastery, a world heritage site, and to explore some of the quiet villages and towns.
    [Show full text]