PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(5), ISSN 1553 - 6939 Article Received: 22th November, 2020; Article Revised: 26th March, 2021; Article Accepted: 26th April, 2021 A Critical Analysis of Semiotic Adaptations in Postmodern Cinema AddleyBromeoBianus, Imelda Ann Achin Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Universiti Malaysia Sabah [email protected] [email protected]
Abstract Modern cinema's role has been very influential in defining the new age art, especially the semiotic adaptations that have become more meaningful with the invention of modern technologies. Art has come a long way in the past few decades. The emotions are the same, but the expressions have changed. Literature has influenced the semiotics in modern cinema and has brought a new meaning to the characters' expressions in the stories. This paper would analyse the journey of semiotic adaptations in postmodern cinema. A detailed understanding of the factors responsible for it and the development over the past few years would help study the new-age films better. The research would focus on the semiotics in the old age films and compare it with the new age adaptations made in this field. The study would also include modern cinema developments worldwide and comprehensive insight into the adaptations worldwide. Keywords:Modern cinema, Semiotic adaptation,Contemporary art,New age films,Film study
Introduction keep them intact and grounded even in this An expression is an integral part of complicated era of art. The cinema had the art full of emotions. And the sign seen a lot, which had only added to their language is a beautiful way of expressing learning curve and made them more those emotions. The idea is to make the perseverant. The humble beginnings of viewers connect with the subject. Life is cinema had made it realise the value of art. not a bed of roses, and this is what we The industry knew the difference between have read and experienced so far. But, still, needs and wants and had mastered the art we hope for all our dreams coming true. It of finding expressions in simplicity. We is the hope which keeps a dream alive. It see people who are happy even with a gives you the required energy and stamina luxurious life, and people having just the to work hard and pursue your dreams.The necessities for life could be happy. The semiotic play a crucial part in defining cinema had realised the secret of happiness emotions. The early years of growth are and turned out to be a winner in the end the crucial period of your life where you (Akomfrah, J., 1989). learn essential life lessons. It shapes your cinema values, and you transfer these Life is full of ups and downs and values to your future children. Semiotics those who fight and survive the low times shape modern cinema's bare roots and tend to emerge as a winner in the end. We
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PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(5), ISSN 1553 - 6939 Article Received: 22th November, 2020; Article Revised: 26th March, 2021; Article Accepted: 26th April, 2021 always feel wrong about the tough times and entertainment had a completely we face in life, but these struggles make a different meaning. That era valued the person more prepared for life's challenges. emotions and simplicity in the expressions. Sometimes, it brings the cinema Semiotics originated in that era and worldwide together and places them on the continued to evolve with every passing same boat to fight the hardships of the year (Caughie, J., 1981). journey and work as a team to strive for The time has changed many things the good times. This research is about the today and the digital era has changed the semiotic adaptations in moderncinema that meaning of relationships. It has its pros has seen a massive blow in its journey and and cons. It has brought the world closer has battled the adversities in criticism with and in another way, it has made the people grace. The cinema has learnt to stay alive forget about the importance of meeting the and together in the testing times of life. family and friends in person and spending The story of cinema would give an insight time together. Ambitions have made into how optimism and sincerity could people run after the opportunities and joint change your life in the long run despite family has converted to multiple nuclear having many downtimes. Study of cinema families. Children are growing up without has grown with each challenge that life has their grandparents in the house. Having a thrown to them and has stood victorious in child is not that normal like in the old this journey(Gledhill, C., 1980). days. Now people make everything fancy and every small event celebrated. Nuclear History of cinema families and good earning jobs have given In the old age cinema, that era the liberty to spend and lead luxurious valued human relationships more, and life lives to even middle-class families. Way of was full of simplicity. Unlike today's time, living has changed for every stratum of life was very much when people value people, and this change's pace will not their careers more and prefer staying in stop. The joy of simple living has changed nuclear families. Most house tasks help to fancy celebrations and showcasing and children grow up with nannies and social media. Overall, the way of spend time in crèche. Technology has expression has changed. The meaning of taken us so far that we have forgotten joy and entertainment has changed and human interaction and have indulged accordingly, semiotics has adapted ourselves more with virtual catch-ups on (Chakravarti, S. S., 1993). social media platforms. Most of the Earlier, relationships used to be the middle-class families have a car. Children priority and people preferred to stay with spend their holidays in foreign locations the family and explored different ways of and call that a vacation. A few decades earning. Moving to cities for better have completely changed the way of living opportunities were limited and hometowns and the lifestyle has become luxurious. were preferred to earn the livelihood. Joint There were no cars in those days. Cycle family culture prevailed and people were owners were considered to be very rich. happy sticking together. That gave them And a hundred dollar note was precious. moral support and the satisfaction of living People used to enjoy family time together with the family. The priorities were completely different in those days.
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PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(5), ISSN 1553 - 6939 Article Received: 22th November, 2020; Article Revised: 26th March, 2021; Article Accepted: 26th April, 2021 Entertainment industry andcinema also semiotics for understanding emotions. The followed that old tradition until human hope is the essence of life. The entire values started changing. In turn, cinemas world is surviving on hope. We need to reflect society and society tries to relive look forward to something in life to keep the cinema characters. The struggle for going in all life forms. Time is not the semiotic adaptations started when the work same and every phase of life is different. culture and family values started evolving The only thing that is common during all and practicality was given priority. The times if the hope we build our dreams. Life career prospects were valued more than is not about the destination. It is about the staying together. Different parts of the journey that we had to reach that world explored, which led to the migration destination. We have to enjoy every of people to different countries leading to moment of it instead of waiting for the the cross-cultural adaptation in modern good times to come and bring joy. cinema (Mayne, J., 1984). Happiness is not something which can be The real struggle of life starts when asked. It lies within the person and we you come out of your comfort zone. It have to feel it. Material things and fancy allows you to fight your weaknesses and ways of life might seem alluring in the master your strengths. It brings the best beginning. But, if you think deeper and version of yourself when you continue to introspect, you realise that happiness has work hard with honesty and perseverance. nothing to do with life's material things. The art has always been a significant The key to a happy and successful source of inspiration for the human life is a string of faith and devotion. behaviour,especially for the kids, because Everything comes later. This cinema had childhood is the most critical phase of their understood that essence and was always life when they learn the lessons of life and ready to face any challenge life threw on develop their personality. They reflect them and survived all the hardships of life everything they see and their behaviour is with dignity and wisdom, which comes highly influenced by what they see on only with hope and faith (Ozguc, A., different entertainment platforms. The 1988). journey of semiotic adaptations has been The learning from his life engaging with the evolution of human experiences is priceless and hence cinema behaviour and expressing emotions. The has always wanted to capture that through sign language adaptation in postmodern semiotics. The sign language talks about cinema has continued to change with the all the ups and downs and the ways used to changing society (Nowell-Smith, A., handle the grim phases of life. It is a live 1987). example of the power of honesty and patience, which always pays off in the end. Semiotics The cinema is an ideal learning model for The expression is the basis of all the people in this world who have been emotion and semiotics beautifully defines facing rejections and hardships and that. The sign language inspires and thought that terrible fate does not have any develops hopes in many people solution. Semiotics could help all those worldwidethat can only depend on who think that they cannot fight with the bad times of life and have lost the hope.
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PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(5), ISSN 1553 - 6939 Article Received: 22th November, 2020; Article Revised: 26th March, 2021; Article Accepted: 26th April, 2021 The cinema's fighting spirit and The journey of semiotics postmodern perseverance have helped them rise and cinema shine in the end and inspire many more The cross-cultural work practices lives to follow that path (Furniss, M., in modern cinema have been quite 1998). effective in building the characters' A lot has been said and discussed morale. This project includes an in-depth sign language's beauty, but an adaptation study of the available work practices in the journey is also equally challenging and full cinema and its impact on the characters' of happiness. One emotion is more than a morale in the long run. Modern cinema is hundred languagescombined. An one of the leading entertainmentsources all expression is the ultimate layer of over the world. People connect over protection. The lessons it teaches, the cinema and understand a foreign country's words of wisdom it expresses, the values it culture through its cinema. Its how exhibits, they are carried along by significant the impact of cinema is on posterity. Love comes in many shades. people. The cinema has defined it as a Sometimes a medal of honour, a pat on the journey to establish its presence across the back for a good grade, a loud scolding for nations further. The cinema's strategic a task left incomplete, only to teach us planning is highly dependent on the meaningful lessons. An expression teaches industry's defined aims and objectives, you to lead by setting an example. It also which further determines the approach shows and helps you respect others and adopted for creating those strategies. The stand up for yourself. industry strategy is based on medium-term An expression is a close and long-term gain, strengthening the companion, a confidant and the source of cinema's vision. The industry's semiotic strength you carry for your lifetime. Grow adaptations have been aligned with the big, grow old, grow fast, they say. Yet, strategic planning and the approaches they turn around; look at you, wanting to adopted for fulfilling the long-term vision see a younger version of you they carried of the cinema has been in sync. The on their shoulders, played with while you cinema's expansion plan would work with stood on their chest, dancing to the tunes this strategic planning and the aims and of emotional melodies. The same tunes we objectives would also be satisfied with this heard as children, just newer words and approach. The cinema would continue to tables turned this time, an expression is no expand by acquiring new adaptations and longer an emotion. Time flies and we limiting the existing adaptations' criticism move into the new shoes, life starts (Elsaesser, T., 1987). becoming more apparent and we start Modern cinema aims to provide the appreciating the decisions of our lives best entertainment source to its adaptations more than ever before. The change is the at an economical price across the world. only constant in life and hence the The cinema is people-centric and has a semiotic adaptations in postmodern cinema strategy to capture mostadaptations in their have always been the topic of critical entertainment area. The cinema's objective analysis amongst the reviewers (Fusco, C., intends to play on volumes and get back 1989). the investments as a profit in the long run with the increasing volume of adaptations.
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PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(5), ISSN 1553 - 6939 Article Received: 22th November, 2020; Article Revised: 26th March, 2021; Article Accepted: 26th April, 2021 To align these strategic objectives in place, designed in each cinema department to the cinema has designed the team take care of the individual contributions performance, which focuses on the and recognise them to give everyone a fair viewers' satisfaction. Team performance is chance and motivation to perform better. rated better when the team's adaptations Individual's commitment is also enhanced show less criticism and more loyalty in the further by channelling their energy to set a long run. Further, bringing more business growth for them which would include their through acquiring new adaptations and long term goals of life (Rheudan, J., 1993). convincing the existing adaptations to go Modern cinema aims to establish for higher range of entertainments is them as a leader in the entertainment another way of measuring cinema industry. It also plans to reduce the performance to achieve the set strategic criticism for the adaptations and acquire objectives (Higson, A. and Maltby, R., new adaptations in the long run. The 1999). cinema has defined its current strategy to The current performance is the fulfil its aims and objectives by designing benchmark for modern cinema in defining a long term plan to take care of the its performance targets. The aim is always existing problems in their journey. They to beat the current performance and do planned to launch features based on the better in every film. The cinema sets people pain points to gain an overall individual targets by dividing the year's acceptance in the market. Cinema industry overall target set. The individual targets set a target of making adaptations happy. It are then monitored regularly to ensure that churnsmuch profit with a volume of the performance is on track and the adaptations and trust is expected to create defined target would be met at the end of a future brand value for cinema. the project. The cinema strives to balance Modern cinema has excelled in the team's growth and performance by creating long term strategies to align with aligning the cinema's objective as per the the cinema's aims and objectives. The strategy defined by the higher existing strategy focused on people management. The world has appreciated satisfaction and expansion by acquiring the semiotics' efforts and evolution in the new adaptations and reducing the criticism past few decades. A critical analysis of existing adaptations align with the reveals that the industry reflectspeople's cinema's aim of growth and expansion behaviour in society and changes with along with its objective of people every change in societal values. satisfaction and becoming one of the best The actors are the backbone of the entertainment providers. The strategy also filmindustry. Modern cinema considers the focuses on the cinema's short-term goals individual contributors to the cinema as a by maximising its profits and viewers' long term asset and makes sure they stick acceptance. The cinema would achieve its to the cinema for a considerable period. defined aims and objectives with these The cinema acknowledges and appreciates long term and short term strategies by the work done by every individual to excelling in all domains and gaining encourage and motivate them to work adaptations. The investments made under better. The awards and rewards are the current strategy would bring future cash flows,making the cinema more
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PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(5), ISSN 1553 - 6939 Article Received: 22th November, 2020; Article Revised: 26th March, 2021; Article Accepted: 26th April, 2021 profitable(Stam, R., Burgoyne, R. and level to support the higher-level goals and Flitterman-Lewis, S., 1992). objective. So it is based on the top to Modern cinema is a people-centric bottom approach and based on that, team industry. To measure the performance performance plans are designed to meet target, people satisfaction index and the the strategic objectives(Hull, G., Scott, P. number of new adaptations acquired sums B. and Smith, B., 1982). up the criteria for measuring the team Individual dynamics define the performance targets. They use people cinema as the individual interests become satisfaction index, criticism and percentage the team interests in a long time. Industry of new adaptations acquired to set team politics in modern cinemaare kept bare performance targets and the team and minimum by encouraging them to think individuals are measured against those set and align together for the cinema's shared targets. The cinema evaluates the set benefit. Sharing knowledge and skills is targets at a quarterly level to ensure the promoted across the cinema departments team performance is on track. This timely to inculcate an environment of inclusive check on performance metrics helps the growth rather than focusing on increasing team and individuals modify their strategy the disparity between performers and non to achieve the annual targets. The semiotic –performers. The commitment of adaptations are being analysed and individuals to strategy secured through this reviewed from time to time to take methodology and the industry interest put inspiration whenever and where ever on priority and individual's dynamics, required in its evolutionary journey. interests and politics are suppressed in a natural way to promote steady growth in A critical analysis of the semiotic the cinema for both individuals and the adaptations stakeholders. The viewers worldwide have Modern cinema aims and appreciated the adaptations made in the objectivesare regularly audited to ensure postmodern semiotics cinema. However, that the cinema is adhering to the set the critics have expressed their opinion as standards and that shareholders' interests well. The performance plan of adaptations are preserved. The people satisfaction is designed to meet the strategic objective. index is one of the critical factors and an The performance plan is adhered to by essential objective of the cinema, which is each team to achieve the cinema's higher measured by the people survey and management's strategic objectives. The feedback conducted in every financial year senior management reviews the to understand the adaptations' sentiments performance plan to ensure that the team is for the entertainments of the cinema and to set to fulfil the cinema's goals and understand the value of the brand image of objectives to achieve the set target and the cinema. The cinema's profit diagnostic profit. The shareholder's interest is also index measures the current financial year kept in mind while setting the goals and profit and the expected future cash flows objectives and designing the performance against the investments done in the past plans. The decision is made at the top and years. It makes sure that the cinema's the performance plan drills down at each overall progress is assessed and the
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PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(5), ISSN 1553 - 6939 Article Received: 22th November, 2020; Article Revised: 26th March, 2021; Article Accepted: 26th April, 2021 measures are taken in case of any gaps throughout the cinema term and have (Doane, M. A., 1984). worked together to achieve modern cinema Modern cinema's existing strategy goals and objectives. Strategy making has has shaped the entertainment industry been beneficial for modern goals and objectives by defining the cinemaregarding long-term planning and cinema's vision of long-term growth and vision. The cinema strives to establish development andestablishinga brand name. theright presenceworldwide and develop as The people satisfaction has brought further a leading filmentertainment provider with stability to the cinema, thus defining a these strategic options adopted by the clear goal of the cinema's long-term cinema (Taylor, C., 1996). development. The cinema's existing The alternative plan for modern strategy has also focused on reducing the cinema has been to cut down the criticism criticism of the adaptations, hence helping of the existing adaptations and acquire the to achieve the semiotic adaptations' goal new ones. The cinema aims to establish a and objective of achieving expansion firm base before expanding further and for across the world by further acquiring the that, the satisfaction of the existing new adaptations. The modern cinema goals adaptations is vital for the cinema. The and objectives would be modified based on cinema aims to excel in entertainment and the cinema's performance and long-term maintain a brand image for its unique and vision, which would be changed as per the excellent performances. The people cinema's growth plan and performance. satisfaction would bring more adaptations The alternative strategic option for and then volume to the cinema's sales, modern cinema has been on focusing the which would, in turn, bring profit to the medium-term gain, which mainly involves industry in the long run. Risk assessment the criticism of the adaptations. The has been done for this strategy based on all medium-term strategy aims at analysing existing horizons and alternatives defined the competition in the market and provide based on the market's options. The competitive offers to the adaptations by feasibility analysis has also been done to understanding their requirements and pain make the strategic objectives a successful points to retain the adaptations on the long attempt to define the cinema's vision. term basis. The cinema has been phenomenal in gaining the advantage of Conclusion changing era and retaining the essence of Overall, postmodern cinema's emotions in its adaptations. Apart from semiotic adaptations have brought an this medium-term strategy, the cinema has advanced aspect of human expressions by also been excellent in planning its long keeping the essence of emotions preserved term strategy by acquiring more and intact. The story is the same, but the adaptationsto expand across the world. The cover is new. The adaptation journey has implication of these strategies has brought been exciting and can be studied further to a positive return to the cinema, thus understand other evolution sources. ensuring its profit and shareholder's Individual contributions need to be interest in the long term. Cinema's awarded and rewarded both as a token of stakeholders have been motivated acknowledgement and appreciation to value their work. The strategy made to
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PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(5), ISSN 1553 - 6939 Article Received: 22th November, 2020; Article Revised: 26th March, 2021; Article Accepted: 26th April, 2021 utilise human resources' value to help the work evaluation reveals that the cinema grow in the right direction results association of new adaptations with the from the methodologies designed to value existing adaptations with an approach of individual contributions. Further critical analysis would help the cinema in encouraging the performers to take a the long term. The mentoring and coaching training session to share their knowledge for this strategy would require a string would give them a sense of achievement management to handle multiple people and make them feel part of the industry. It bases, which would help the cinema would also help develop skill sets of the expand with its vision and mission. cinema's human resource. Modern cinema's team performance has Individual dynamics indeed impact been seriously evaluated all round the year the industry's overall culture and long term to align the work with the cinema's strategy. The political interests are secured strategic objectives. The continuous by the individual's commitment to helping feedback and 360-degree assessment helps the long term strategy. Modern cinema the cinema in maintaining its characters on ensures that the cinema's interest is put the right track, and together they strive to forth above all the other interest, which achieve the goal of the cinema (Ahmad does not add any value to the cinema. The A.,1996) cinema values talent and resources, more Individual commitment is equally too any other interests and believes in important to the industry to bring a strong securing its characters' commitment. The team effort in the long run. Individuals in political interests and other negative the industry have to be motivated to dynamics are kept away from Modern contribute to the industry's tangible and cinema's work culture to maintain a intangible benefits. From the global positive and progressive work leader's unique perspective in the environment.The research has been done entertainment industry, modern cinema is keeping modern cinema work practices in committed to sharing insights for the mind and its impact on the characters' global community's benefit. The cinema's morale. The overall market was analysed leadership is committed to to understand the different work practices valuingindividual performance and team in this regard and then the cinema studied achievements to evaluate its long-term was compared. (Metz, C., 1972). gains and losses. The cinema strategy is The research has limitations on the based and dependent on the cinema's numbers of countries researched and human resources' contribution to planning studied for this analysis, which can be a cinema's long-term vision. Modern covered further in the next project. The cinema acknowledges the effort of changes are suggested based on the characters'commitment to the cinema's performance and the gaps identified to the long term growth and development. The predefined goals to meet the cinema's modern cinema would continue to inspire objectives. The change is usually initiated the semiotic adaptations and the world all round the year to avoid major setbacks would see a further adaptation in the sign and losses as the industry believes in language (Kaes, A., 1996). continuous improvement. The research
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PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(5), ISSN 1553 - 6939 Article Received: 22th November, 2020; Article Revised: 26th March, 2021; Article Accepted: 26th April, 2021 References 8. Furniss, M. (1998) Art in Motion: 1. Ahmad, A. (1996) The Politics of Animation Aesthetics, London, Literary Postcoloniality, in Paris and Rome, John Libbey Mongia, P. (ed.) Contemporary 9. Fusco, C. (1989) About Locating Postcolonial Theory: A Reader, Ourselves and Our London, New York, Sydney and Representations, Birmingham Auckland, Arnold. Third Space Section of the 1988 2. Akomfrah, J. (1989) Introduction Birmingham Film and Television to the Morning Session, Film Festival, Framework, Vol. 36. Birmingham Third Space Section 10. Gledhill, C. (1980) Klute 1: A of the 1988 Birmingham Film and Contemporary Film Noir and Television Film Festival, Feminist Criticism, in: Kaplan, E. Framework, Vol. 36. A. (ed.) Women in Film Noir, 3. Caughie, J. (ed.) (1981) Theories of London, British Film Institute Authorship, London, Routledge & Publishing (revised edition). Kegan Paul 11. Higson, A. and Maltby, R. (1999) 4. Cawelti, J. G. (1992) Chinatown Film Europe and Film America: and Generic Transformation in Cinema, Commerce and Cultural Recent American Films, in: Mast, Exchange 1920–1939, Exeter, G., Cohen, M. and Baudry, L. (eds) Exeter University Press. Film Theory and Criticism (fourth 12. Hull, G., Scott, P. B. and Smith, B. edition), Oxford, Oxford (eds) (1982) All the Women Are University Press. White, All the Blacks Are Men, 5. Chakravarti, S. S. (1993) National But Some of Us Are Brave, New Identity in Indian Popular Cinema York, The Feminist Press. 1947– 1987, Austin, University of 13. Kaes, A. (1996) The New German Texas Press. Cinema, in: Nowell-Smith, G. The 6. Doane, M. A. (1984) The Woman's Oxford History of World Cinema, Film: Possession and Address, in: Oxford and New York, Oxford Doane, M. A., Mellencamp, P. and University Press. Williams, L. (eds) Re-vision: 14. King, J., Lopez, A. and Alvarado, Essays in Feminist Film Criticism, M. (eds) (1993) Mediating Two Frederick, Maryland, The Worlds: Cinematic Encounters in American Film Institute/ the Americas, London, British Film University Publications of Institute Publishing. America. 15. Mayne, J. (1984) Women at the 7. Elsaesser, T. (1987) Tales of Sound Keyhole: Women's Cinema and and Fury: Observations on the Feminist Criticism, in: Doane, M. Cinema Melodrama, in: Gledhill, A., Mellencamp, P. and Williams, C. (ed.) Home Is Where the Heart L. (eds) Revision: Essays in Is: Studies in Melodrama and the Feminist Film Criticism, Frederick, Woman's Film, London, British Maryland, The American Film Film Institute Publishing. Institute/University Publications of America.
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