Holocaust Massale Moord Op De Europese Joden
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Die Neufassung Des § 1A Bundesversorgungsgesetz (BVG): Streichung Von Kriegsopferrenten Für NS-Täter – Schlussbericht –
FORSCHUNGSBERICHT 472 Die Neufassung des § 1a Bundesversorgungsgesetz (BVG): Streichung von Kriegsopferrenten für NS-Täter – Schlussbericht – November 2016 ISSN 0174-4992 Die Neufassung des § 1a Bundesversorgungsgesetz (BVG): Streichung von Kriegsopferrenten für NS-Täter - Gründe für die geringe Zahl der Streichungen trotz der Vielzahl der vom Simon Wiesenthal Center übermittelten Daten - Ein Gemeinschaftsprojekt des Bundesministeriums für Arbeit und Soziales und des Simon Wiesenthal Centers Schlussbericht September 2016 2 Die Neufassung des § 1a Bundesversorgungsgesetz (BVG): Streichung von Kriegsopferrenten für NS-Täter - Gründe für die geringe Zahl der Streichungen trotz der Vielzahl der vom Simon Wiesenthal Center übermittelten Daten - Ein Gemeinschaftsprojekt des Bundesministeriums für Arbeit und Soziales und des Simon Wiesenthal Centers Schlussbericht Autoren: Dr. Stefan Klemp (Simon Wiesenthal Center) Martin Hölzl (Simon Wiesenthal Center) Ort: Bonn im September 2016 ISBN/ISSN: Auftraggeberschaft / Inhaltliche Verantwortung Erstellt im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Arbeit und Soziales. Die Durchführung der Untersuchungen sowie die Schlussfolgerungen aus den Unter- suchungen sind von den Auftragnehmern in eigener wissenschaftlicher Verantwor- tung vorgenommen worden. Das Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales über- nimmt insbesondere keine Gewähr für die Richtigkeit, Genauigkeit und Vollständig- keit der Untersuchungen. Copyright Alle Rechte einschließlich der fotomechanischen Wiedergabe und des auszugswei- sen Nachdrucks -
Aftermath: Accounting for the Holocaust in the Czech Republic
Aftermath: Accounting for the Holocaust in the Czech Republic Krista Hegburg Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERISTY 2013 © 2013 Krista Hegburg All rights reserved Abstract Aftermath: Accounting for the Holocaust in the Czech Republic Krista Hegburg Reparations are often theorized in the vein of juridical accountability: victims of historical injustices call states to account for their suffering; states, in a gesture that marks a restoration of the rule of law, acknowledge and repair these wrongs via financial compensation. But as reparations projects intersect with a consolidation of liberalism that, in the postsocialist Czech Republic, increasingly hinges on a politics of recognition, reparations concomitantly interpellate minority subjects as such, instantiating their precarious inclusion into the body po litic in a way that vexes the both the historical justice and contemporary recognition reparatory projects seek. This dissertation analyzes claims made by Czech Romani Holocaust survivors in reparations programs, the social work apparatus through which they pursued their claims, and the often contradictory demands of the complex legal structures that have governed eligibility for reparations since the immediate aftermath of the war, and argues for an ethnographic examination of the forms of discrepant reciprocity and commensuration that underpin, and often foreclose, attempts to account for the Holocaust in contemporary Europe. Table of Contents Acknowledgments ii Introduction 1 Chapter 1 18 Recognitions Chapter 2 74 The Veracious Voice: Gypsiology, Historiography, and the Unknown Holocaust Chapter 3 121 Reparations Politics, Czech Style: Law, the Camp, Sovereignty Chapter 4 176 “The Law is Such as It Is” Conclusion 198 The Obligation to Receive Bibliography 202 Appendix I 221 i Acknowledgments I have acquired many debts over the course of researching and writing this dissertation. -
Der ‚Judenkönig' Der Edlgasse
S: I. M. O. N. SHOAH: I NTERVENTION. M ETHODS. DOCUMENTATION. Michal Schvarc Der ‚Judenkönig‘ der Edlgasse Gustav Hauskrecht und die Verfolgung der Juden in Bratislava 1944/19451 Abstract The Holocaust in Slovakia was not only a result of the antisemitic policy of Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party regime headed by the Catholic priest Joseph Tiso, but also an initiative by the lower parts of society – the local aggressors. After the occupation of the country by Nazi Germany in the late summer of 1944, this situation partly changed, with the ‚solution of the Jewish question‘ becoming one of the top priorities of the occupying power. However, with- out the help of local helpers, this would hardly have been successful. One such case was Gus- tav Hauskrecht, the head of the so-called ‚Judensammelstelle‘ in Bratislava. This convinced National Socialist and uncompromising antisemite contributed significantly to the persecu- tion of Jews in the Slovak capital at the end of the war and bears a joint responsibility for their deportation to the Nazi concentration camps. This article is an attempt to biographically profile one of the main perpetrators responsible for Shoah in Slovakia. Im Juni 1961 traf sich Simon Wiesenthal in Wien mit Samson Fischer. Fischer, gebürtiger Berliner, hatte den Holocaust in Bratislava überlebt, der Hauptstadt des ersten Satellitenstaates des nationalsozialistischen Deutschland in Europa, wohin seine Eltern bald nach seiner Geburt umgezogen waren.2 Kurz nach der Zusammen- kunft schrieb Fischer Wiesenthal, er habe vergessen, ihm über zwei in der Bundes- republik Deutschland lebende „prominente Nazigrössen“ zu berichten. Einer von ihnen hieß Gustav Hauskrecht. -
Beyond East West Street Personal Stories and Political Directions
BEYOND EAST WEST STREET PERSONAL STORIES AND POLITICAL DIRECTIONS EDINBURGH INTERNATIONAL BOOK FESTIVAL 26 AUGUST 2017 I began to write East West Street late in 2010, after I first visited the city of Lviv. I travelled to the city in response to an invitation to deliver a lecture, on my work as an academic and as a barrister, on the law and cases of mass killing. This work touched on ‘genocide’ (concerned with the protection of groups) and ‘crimes against humanity’ (concerned with the protection of individuals). I accepted the invitation because I hoped to find the house where my grandfather Leon Buchholz was born in 1904. I wanted to understand the recesses of an unspoken family history and recover my hinterland and sense of identity. I found a remarkable city and, eventually, Leon’s house. 1 The Polish poet Józef Wittlin describes the essence of the city, and ‘being a Lvovian’, in his wonderful, slim volume Móy Lwów, first issued in 1946 and last year published in English for the first time by Pushkin Press – with wonderful photographs by Diana Matar – as City of Lions. To be a Lvovian, he wrote, is ‘an extraordinary mixture of nobility and roguery, wisdom and imbecility, poetry and vulgarity.’ He reminds his readers that ‘nostalgia even likes to falsify flavours too, telling us to taste nothing but the sweetness of Lwów today . but I know people for whom Lwów was a cup of gall.’ East West Street was published six years later, in late May 2016, by which time I had come to understand why Lviv was a cup of gall for my grandfather, a place of which he never spoke to me. -
Naziverbrechen: Täter, Taten, Bewältigungsversuche
wbg (26311) p. 1 / 28.8.13 Martin Cüppers/Jürgen Matthäus/ Andrej Angrick (Hrsg.) Naziverbrechen wbg (26311) p. 2 / 28.8.13 Veröffentlichungen der Forschungsstelle Ludwigsburg der Universität Stuttgart, Bd. 25 Herausgegeben von Klaus-Michael Mallmann und Martin Cüppers wbg (26311) p. 3 / 28.8.13 Martin Cüppers/Jürgen Matthäus/ Andrej Angrick (Hrsg.) Naziverbrechen Täter, Taten, Bewältigungsversuche wbg (26311) p. 4 / 28.8.13 Klaus-Michael Mallmann zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Das Werk ist in allen seinen Teilen urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlags unzulässig. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung in und Verarbeitung durch elektronische Systeme. © 2013 by WBG (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft), Darmstadt Covergestaltung: Peter Lohse, Heppenheim Coverbild: Menschenmenge am 10. November 1938 vor der brennenden Ludwigsburger Synagoge, Stadtarchiv Ludwigsburg. Rechts ist zu erkennen, wie die Feuerwehr vorsorglich ein Nachbarhaus vor einem Übergreifen der Flammen schützt. Satz: SatzWeise, Föhren Die Herausgabe des Werkes wurde durch die Vereinsmitglieder der WBG ermöglicht. Gedruckt auf säurefreiem und alterungsbeständigem Papier Printed in Germany Besuchen Sie uns im Internet: www.wbg-wissenverbindet.de ISBN 978-3-534-26311-0 Elektronisch sind folgende Ausgaben erhältlich: eBook (PDF): 978-3-534-26339-4 eBook (epub): 978-3-534-26340-0 wbg (26311) p. 5 / 28.8.13 Inhalt Martin Cüppers, Jürgen Matthäus und Andrej Angrick: Vom Einzelfall zum Gesamtbild. Klaus-Michael Mallmann und die Holocaust-Forschung ....................... 7 I. Tatumstände und Täterskizzen Wolfram Pyta: Weltanschauliche und strategische Schicksalsgemeinschaft. -
The Berlin Memorandum
The Berlin Memorandum or, The Quiller Memorandum Quiller, #1 by Adam Hall, 1920-1995 Published: 1965 J J J J J I I I I I Table of Contents Introduction & Chapter 1 … Pol. Chapter 2 … The Hook. Chapter 3 … Snow. Chapter 4 … The Wall. Chapter 5 … Phoenix. Chapter 6 … Quota. Chapter 7 … Red Sector. Chapter 8 … Inga. Chapter 9 … The Kill. Chapter 10 … The Needle. Chapter 11 … Oktober. Chapter 12 … Narcosis. Chapter 13 … The Bridge. Chapter 14 … Libido. Chapter 15 … Blackout. Chapter 16 … Cipher. Chapter 17 … Ferret. Chapter 18 … Object 73. Chapter 19 … The Sepulchre. Chapter 20 … Bunkerkinder. Chapter 21 … Trap–Shoot. Chapter 22 … Corner. Chapter 23 … Signal Ends. J J J J J I I I I I Introduction The setting is the divided city of Berlin, some 15 years after the end of World War II. Quiller is an enigmatic (and unarmed) agent working in Berlin for an elusive intelligence agency. Besides the nature of his job, Quiller knows little about his employers, and he himself is something of a mystery. Quiller´s assignment is to penetrate a neo-Nazi organization called Phoenix, which has its secret headquarters in Berlin, and is run by a former SS officer named Heinrich Zossen, and Quiller knows him from the war. In an assignment that becomes a personal quest, Quiller wants to find Zossen and destroy him, though one agent has already died trying. Chapter 1 Pol. A couple of air-hostesses came in through the glass doors, crisp and pure- looking in Lufthansa uniform. They looked once at the group of pilots who stood at the soft-drinks bar then swung on their spiked heels to preen themselves in the mirrors. -
Jewish Genocide in Galicia
Jewish Genocide in Galicia Jewish Genocide in Galicia 2nd Edition With Appendix: Vernichtungslager ‘Bełżec’ Robin O’Neil Published by © Copyright Robin O’Neil 2015 JEWISH GENOCIDE IN GALICIA All rights reserved. The right of Robin O’Nei to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, nor translated into a machine language, without the written permission of the publisher. Condition of sale This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. ISBN Frontispiece: The Rabka 4 + 1 - incorporating the original book cover of Rudolf Reder’s ‘Bełżec’, 1946. 2nd Edition Part 1 2016: The Rabka Four + 1. First published 2011 under the title ‘The Rabka Four’. Contents Academic Excellence In Murder......................................i Dedication....................................................................... ii Lives Remembered .........................................................iv Note on Language...........................................................vi The Hunting Grounds for the Rabka 4 + 1 (zbV) 1941-1944 .........................................................................x -
Valóságban a Kitoloncolások Lebonyolítása Nem a Tervezettnek Megfelel En Zajlott
GEORGE EISEN – STARK TAMÁS Az 1941-es galíciai deportálás és a kamenyec-podolszkiji tömegmészárlás: a magyar holokauszt els fejezete E tanulmány1 célja, hogy megvilágítsa a holokauszt kifejldésének egy fontos állomását. A Szovjetunió elleni, 1941. június 22-én elkezddött német támadás példátlan lehetséget kínált a magyar kormány számára, hogy 1941 nyarán, hat hét leforgása alatt 22 000 zsidót toloncoljon ki Magyarországról Galíciába. Kamenyec-Podolszkijban 1941 augusztusa vé- gén a deportálások addig soha nem látott tömegmészárlássá fajultak, amikor a deportáltak nagy többségét meggyilkolták. Az életben maradottak sorsa összefonódott a galíciai zsidó közösségek sorsával – csak két- vagy háromezer túlél jutott vissza Magyarországra . Dokumentumok, túlélk beszámolói és átfogó tudományos munkák szólnak a holo - kauszt idején megsemmisített milliókról, akik különböz etnikai, nemzetiségi és vallási csoportokhoz tartoztak. A tömeggyilkosság különböz szinten és különböz mértékben – tragikus módon – jellemzi a XX. század történelmét. Európa 1815 utáni viszonylagosan békés világa a XX. század els felében addig soha nem látott erkölcsi zakadékbas zuhant. Ha nem számolunk az I. világháború és a sztálini tisztogatások áldozataival, csak a II. vi- lágháborúnak megközelítleg 55 millió halottja volt. A tömegmészárlás középpontjában – az 55 millióból 6 millió zsidó áldozattal – vitat- hatatlanul a holokauszt áll. E tanulmányban arra szorítkozunk, hogy megvizsgáljuk, mi történt a Magyarország területérl Galíciába deportált csoportokkal, amelyeknek tagjait „nem-kívánatos külföldieknek”, „hontalan menekülteknek” vagy csak egyszeren „idege- neknek” minsítették. Mindez hat hét leforgása alatt történt, 1941 nyarán.2 A deportáltak száma megközelítleg 22 ezer f. Közülük mintegy 16 ezer f a köztudatba a „kame nyec- podolszkiji vérengzés”-ként bevonult tömeggyilkosság áldozata lett. Kamenyec-Podolszkij – korábbi helyrségi város – Nyugat-Ukrajnában található. Egyetlen jellegzetessége a masszív erd a Szmotrics folyó partján. -
Confidence Men the Mediterranean Double-Cross System, 1941-45 By
Confidence Men The Mediterranean Double-Cross System, 1941-45 by Brett Edward Lintott A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Department of History, in the University of Toronto © Copyright by Brett Edward Lintott, 2015 Abstract Confidence Men The Mediterranean Double-Cross System, 1941-45 Brett Edward Lintott Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto, 2015 This dissertation provides an analysis of the Mediterranean double-cross system of the Second World War, which was composed of a number of double agents who were turned by the Allies and operated against their ostensible German spymasters. Utilizing many freshly released archival materials, this study assesses how the double-cross system was constructed, why it was an effective instrument, and how it contributed to Allied success in two areas: security and counter-intelligence, and military deception. The focus is thus on both organization and operations. The chapters cover three chronological periods. In the first — 1941-42 — the initial operational usage of a double agent is assessed, along with the development of early organizational structures to manage and operate individual cases as components of a team of spies. The second section, covering 1943, assesses three issues: major organizational innovations made early that year; the subsequent use of the double agent system to deceive the Germans regarding the planned invasion of Sicily in July; and the ongoing effort to utilize double agents to ensure a stable security and counter-intelligence environment in the Mediterranean theatre. The third and final section analyzes events in 1944, with a focus on double-cross deception in Italy and France, and on the emergence of more systematic security and counter-intelligence double-cross operations in Italy and the Middle East. -
Swedish Interventions in the Tragedy of the Jews of Slovakia
N Swedish interventions in the tragedy J of the Jews of Slovakia Denisa Nešťáková and Eduard Nižňanský Abstract • This article describes a largely unknown Swedish effort to intervene in deportations of Jews of Slovakia between 1942 and 1944. Swedish officials and religious leaders used their diplo- matic correspondence with the Slovak government to extract some Jewish individuals and later on the whole Jewish community of Slovakia from deportations by their government and eventually by German officials. Despite the efforts of the Swedish Royal Consulate in Bratislava, the Swedish arch bishop, Erling Eidem, and the Slovak consul, Bohumil Pissko, in Stockholm, and despite the acts taken by some Slovak ministries, the Slovak officials, including the president of the Slovak Republic, Jozef Tiso, revoked further negotiations in the autumn of 1944. However, the negotiations between Slovakia and Sweden created a scope for actions to protect some Jewish individuals which were doomed to failure because of the political situation. Nevertheless, this plan and the previous diplomatic interventions are significant for a description of the almost unknown Swedish and Slovak efforts to save the Jews of Slovakia. Repeated Swedish offers to take in Jewish individuals and later the whole community could well have prepared the way for larger rescues. These never occurred, given the Slovak interest in deporting their own Jewish citizens and later the German occupation of Slovakia. Research on Sweden’s attempts the ‘opening’ of the archives in some post- to assist Jews communist countries and new scholars tak- In view of the abundance of studies of the ing up this particular topic have significantly Holocaust, the absence of major scholarly improved research opportunities. -
7. Nationalsozialistische Herrschaft in Der Tschechoslowakei 1939-1945
7. NATIONALSOZIALISTISCHE HERRSCHAFT IN DER TSCHECHOSLOWAKEI 1939-1945 Der wechselvollen böhmischen Geschichte ist nicht allein mit Anmut und Friedfertigkeit beizukommen, grünen Hügeln, Dorfkirchen und blauen Wolken, vor allem nicht, wenn die Okkupationszeit, das Protektorat, und die Ereignisse von 1945 bis 1948, Vertreibung und Enteignung, auch die nach dem kommunistischen Putsch, zur Frage stehen. Der Patriotismus der einen wie der anderen baut seine Barrikaden und Mauern, die den Blick verstellen, und die amtlich schematischen Schwarzweißperspektiven von Schuld und Unschuld suchen sich anstelle von Tragik, Lächerlichkeit, Lüge und unerwarteter Humanität festzusetzen. Peter Demetz, Das Dorf und die Deutsche (2010) Die Tschechen im „Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren“ 777 Verfolgung, Entrechtung, Enteignung und Vertreibung der Deutschen in und aus der Tschechoslowakei waren einerseits Konsequenzen aus der nationalso- zialistischen Gewaltpolitik gegenüber Tschechen und Slowaken, andererseits Teil der alliierten Politik gegenüber Hitler-Deutschland und „den Deutschen“, die unter den Leitmotiven Kollektivschuld, Rache, Vergeltung, Kollektivstrafe und Zwangsaussiedlung stand. Darüber hinaus entwickelten die tschechischen, slowakischen und tschechoslowakischen Widerstandsorganisationen ebenso wie die tschechoslowakischen Exilorganisationen – vornehmlich in London und Moskau – eigene Strategien für die Bestrafung der Deutschen nach dem Welt- krieg, hinter denen durchaus auch alte nationale Feindbilder und Neidkomplexe sichtbar wurden, die jedenfalls bis 1918, in Ansätzen sogar bis 1848 zurück- reichten.1531 Ein Photo vom Einmarsch der Wehrmacht in Prag, das Geschichte gemacht und sich tief ins kollektive Gedächtnis der Tschechen eingegraben hat, ist das Photo von Karel Hájek. Es zeigt zwei in ihrem offenen Militärauto sitzende deutsche Soldaten vor der am Straßenrand stehenden tschechischen Bevölke- rung, die in ohnmächtiger Wut und tiefer Verzweiflung von tschechischen Ord- nungskräften zurückgehalten wird. -
THE NEW GERMANY and the OLD NAZIS Is Based on Thousands of News Stories and Court Records, Most of Them of German Origin
(Continued from front flap) shock most Americans. Many Nazis have returned to power-in almost ev ery walk of German life. THE NEW GERMANY AND THE OLD NAZIS is based on thousands of news stories and court records, most of them of German origin. Naming names-in cluding Adenauer's top aide, Hans Globke-it documents in detail the dangerous resurgence of Nazism and anti-Semitism in the "new" Germany. It describes notorious occurrences of anti-Semitism such as the Zind case and the German reaction to it; it tells of the current activities of the Nazi by T. H. TETENS SS; it reveals former Nazi officials who hold important positions in the present German government; it ex poses former Nazi criminals and More than a decade after World War II shows how they have been protected; the infamous crimes of the Third Reich it outlines the present plans of the un still haunt the world. derground Nazi party; and it presents Now a new Germany has emerged. the shameful record of Hitler's judges Its unrivaled energy has already made who still sit on the bench. it one of the most powerful states in As West Germany's position in the Europe. cold war becomes more crucial, it is What kind of country is this new important to understand its aims and Germany? Is Nazism "dead and bur ambitions. This outspoken book looks ied," as James B. Conant, our former behind the official fa~ade of Aden ambassador to Bonn, believes? Has auer's Germany. What it discloses is Germany really changed? If so, where of vital importance to eVery American.