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ISSN 0078-6659 MEMOIRS OF THE FACULTY OF ENG THE FACULTY MEMOIRS OF MEMOIRS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING OSAKA CITY UNIVERSITY INEERING OSAKA CITY UNIVERSITY VOL. 60 DECEMBER 2019 VOL. 60. 2019 PUBLISHED BY THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING OSAKA CITY UNIVERSITY 1911-0402大阪市立大学 工学部 工学部英文紀要VOL.60(2019) 1-4 見本 スミ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 This series of Memoirs is issued annually. Selected original works of the members 㻌 of the Faculty of Engineering are compiled in the first part of the volume. Abstracts of 㻌 㻌 papers presented elsewhere during the current year are compiled in the second part. List 㻌 of conference presentations delivered during the same period is appended in the last part. 㻌 All communications with respect to Memoirs should be addressed to: 㻌 Dean of the Graduate School of Engineering 㻌 Osaka City University 㻌 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku 㻌 Osaka 558-8585, Japan 㻌 㻌 Editors 㻌 㻌 㻌 Akira TERAI Hayato NAKATANI This is the final print issue of “Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Osaka City Masafumi MURAJI University.” This series of Memoirs has been published for the last decade in print edition as Daisuke MIYAZAKI well as in electronic edition. From the next issue, the Memoirs will be published only Hideki AZUMA electronically. The forthcoming issues will be available at the internet address: Tetsu TOKUONO https://www.eng.osaka-cu.ac.jp/en/about/publication.html. The past and present editors take Toru ENDO this opportunity to express gratitude to the subscribers for all their support and hope them to keep interested in the Memoirs. 1911-0402大阪市立大学 工学部 工学部英文紀要VOL.60(2019) 2-3 スミ MEMOIRS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING OSAKA CITY UNIVERSITY VOL. 60 DECEMBER 2019 CONTENTS Regular Articles ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 1 Urban Engineering Urban Design and Engineering Current and Future Situations of Automatic Driving in China and Japan HAINAER BULATAI and Takashi UCHIDA ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 1 Evaluation of Road Space Reallocation Arrangement and Rest Space Installation for Pedestrians and Cyclists Using the Level of Service Concept on Midosuji Boulevard Haruka KAWACHI, Nagahiro YOSHIDA, Pola BERENT ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 13 Vital Reactions as a Measure of Stress Levels in Bicycle Riders According to Degree of Task Katsumasa TATSUNO and Nagahiro YOSHIDA ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 19 Abstracts of Papers Published in Other Journals ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 27 Mechanical and Physical Engineering Mechanical Engineering ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 29 Electronics and Informatics Applied Physics and Electronics ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 38 Electric and Information Engineering ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 50 Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 52 Urban Engineering Architecture and Building Engineering ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 70 Urban Design and Engineering ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 73 List of Presentations at International Conferences ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 85 Mechanical and Physical Engineering Mechanical Engineering ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 87 Electronics and Informatics Applied Physics and Electronics ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 88 Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 92 Urban Engineering Urban Design and Engineering ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ 97 ISSN 0078-6659 MEMOIRS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING OSAKA CITY UNIVERSITY ―――――――― VOL. 60 ―――――――― DECEMBER 2019 PUBLISHED BY THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING OSAKA CITY UNIVERSITY Current and Future Situations of Automatic Driving in China and Japan HAINAER BULATAI* and Takashi UCHIDA** (Received 2FWREHU 31, 2019) Synopsis Conducting social acceptance surveys in Japan and China requires understanding of the current situation of automatic driving technology and the difficulties posed by transmission of future technologies. To analyze the status quo and to assess differences in automatic driving in China and Japan, this research begins with assessment of the three basic technologies of automatic driving. Then identification technology, programming technology, and control technology are analyzed by comparing the equipment of intelligent auxiliary systems of companies in China, Japan, and the United States. By analyzing the current state of development, the company plans can indicate the future of automatic driving. KEYWORDS: Automatic driving, Control, Planning, Recognition technology, V2X 1. Research Background Transportation services have evolved over time and have greatly affected people's lives and urban activities. Automatic driving technology, including artificial intelligence technology, is expected to be realized in the future. Most fatal accidents result from driver error. The practical use of automatic driving is therefore expected to reduce driver-related traffic accidents considerably. Two main types of automatic driving technologies are expected to reduce traffic congestion and to strengthen international competitiveness. “Automatic” driving uses sensors and cameras attached to the car while sensing pedestrians and obstacles, along with road surface information such as roads, signs, and signals. "Infrastructure cooperation" can hold the city together and protect safety. Comparison of self-regulated cars developed by Alphabet Inc. and Uber Technologies Inc. shows that the coordination type is more dependent on the construction of infrastructure. Smart city infrastructure is being built in several countries. Shanghai particularly has launched a new smart city construction policy. Current automatic driving technologies cannot cope with complex traffic conditions. All problems cannot be solved by each vehicle. Therefore, automatic driving technology and transportation systems should be regarded together. In economically developed countries, road development and infrastructure development are fundamentally completed. Maintenance is almost impossible. Viewed in that light, infrastructure development has not been completed in China and other intermediate countries that are expected to realize “automatic” automatic driving. Nevertheless, in China, where there is a demand for urban development, it is reportedly more efficient to develop it as a set with automatic operations as a whole. Furthermore, using not only visual information such as green and red traffic lights, but also information such as signal change timing and road congestion, vehicles will be able to adjust speed efficiently. The best automatic driving technology method must be chosen based on infrastructure development and road development in Japan and China. 2. Research Purpose and Method By grasping the main technologies for automatic driving, technologies that can be realized in 10 years are * Student, Master Course of Department of Urban Engineering ** Professor, Department of Urban Engineering -1- predicted by the roadmap of companies in Japan and China. For different regions in Japan (city, region) and China (observation, center, northwest region), infrastructure development, inputs of social capital, traffic demand, etc. can be predicted. Future difficulties posed by dissemination of automatic driving technology are forecast. Future studies will administer social acceptance surveys of Japan (city, region) and China (coastal, central, and northwest) after assessment of the current status of automatic driving technology and difficulties faced by future technology transmission. For this study, based on the present circumstances in each country1)-3), literature search, and analyses of the automatic driving technology used by each company4)-10), the potential for future systems is predicted. 3. Main Technology of Automatic Driving The automatic driving system senses the surrounding environment of the vehicle based on the environment sensing technology, and independently controls the steering and speed of the vehicle through the vehicle center computer according to the information obtained by the sensing, so that the vehicle can safely and reliably travel and reach the predetermined destination. The key technologies of automatic driving are recognition technology and control technology. Recognition technology is the basis of driverless driving. Vehicle control technology is the core of driverless driving, including trajectory planning and control execution. The two technologies complement each other to form the key technology of intelligent driving vehicles. The system composition is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Overall relevance of automatic driving technology. 3.1 Recognition technology Automatic driving technology acquires and processes environmental information mainly for state recognition and V2X(Vehicle-to-everything .communication is the passing of information from a vehicle to any entity that may affect the vehicle, and vice versa. It is a vehicular communication system that incorporates other more specific types of communication as V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian), V2D (vehicle-to-device)