Women's Magazines and the Democratization of Print

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Women's Magazines and the Democratization of Print WOMEN’S MAGAZINES AND THE DEMOCRATIZATION OF PRINT AND READING CULTURE IN INTERWAR JAPAN by Shiho Maeshima A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies (Asian Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) August 2016 © Shiho Maeshima, 2016 Abstract This dissertation reconsiders the significance of a periodical genre hitherto marginalized in academia, namely, the Japanese mass-market women’s magazine, in the history of print/reading culture in modern Japan. The study also aims to investigate the interrelations among magazine genres, gender categories, and the formation of cultural hierarchy. Analysis of diverse periodicals from the late 19th century to the 1930s, their contemporary commentaries and various surveys reveals that, around the turn of the 20th century, magazine genres became increasingly gendered in terms of their formats, editing styles, content, and readership: magazines for adults evolved into either “serious” general magazines for men concerning “public” matters or “vulgar” women’s magazines on “light” issues related to the “domestic” sphere. It was the latter magazine genre that led to the democratization of print/reading culture in interwar Japan. Inclusion of various article genres written in highly colloquial styles, extensive use of visuals, stress on entertainment and people’s private lives, and increasing collaboration with other industries, were to become common practices among Japanese periodicals after WWII. The new editing style also contributed to the spread of a new reading style in Japan. With its accessible editorial and promotional styles, the interwar mass-market women’s magazine attracted readers from a wide range of ages and social classes, including men, and functioned as the “transfeminized” entertaining home magazine. Moreover, other periodicals, including the more “serious” types, also began adopting some of the strategies developed in the popular women’s magazine, a periodical genre that had formerly been regarded as “deviant.” Arguably, the subversive impact the mass-market women’s magazine had on the publishing world triggered severe criticism. ii Thanks to its highly developed readers’ involvement and “transparent” mode of expression, the interwar popular women’s magazine presented a seemingly democratic and egalitarian magazine community. Closer examination of its articles, however, reveals unequal relationships between its readers and editors as well as among the readers, which offers valuable insight regarding its relation with discursive formation of diverse modern discourses and global trends in publishing. iii Preface A part of earlier versions of Chapter One (Introduction) and Chapter Two has been published. Shiho Maeshima, "Chapter One: New Journalism in Interwar Japan." In Anthony Rausch, ed. Japanese Journalism and the Japanese News Paper: A Supplemental Reader, Amherst, NY: Teneo Press, 2014 (December), 3–29. A part of earlier versions of Chapter Three and Chapter Four has been published as “Rethinking Women’s Magazines: The Impact of Mass-Market Women’s Magazines on Reading Culture in Interwar Japan.” Windows on Comparative Literature. No. 4-5, Tokyo: 2009 (April), 50–65. A part of an earlier version of Chapter Five has been published as “Melodramatized Experiences: Textual Appeal of the Confessional Story in Interwar Japanese Popular Periodicals and Its Socio-Historical Implications.” Windows on Comparative Literature No. 6-7. Tokyo: 2011 (April), 9–17. A part of an earlier version of Chapter Six (Conclusion) has been published as “Print Culture and Gender: Toward a Comparative Study of Modern Print Media.” In Sung-Won, Cho, ed. Expanding the Frontiers of Comparative Literature Vol. 2: Toward an Age of Tolerance. Seoul: Chung-Ang University Press, 2013, 354–363. All of the above published studies are original, independent work by the author, Shiho Maeshima. While earlier versions of several pages included in this dissertation have already been published as stated above, the rest is original, unpublished, independent work by the author, Shiho Maeshima. iv Table of Contents Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ii Preface …………………………………………………………………………………………………. iv Table of Contents ……………………………….………………………………………………………. v List of Figures ………………………….…………………………………………………………... viii Acknowledgements ……………………….…………………………………………………………... ix Dedication …………………………………………………………………………………………….. xi Chapter 1: Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………... 1 The Interwar Mass-Market Women’s Magazine as Symbol of a New Print/Reading Culture……...…...…1 Genealogy of Studies on Interwar Mass-Market Women’s Magazines in Japan …….………..…...…….. 7 Studies in Publishing History: Marginalization of Women’s Magazines ……..………...…….……… 7 Studies in Women’s History: Referential Meaning and Repressive Theories of Mass Culture …..........10 A Holistic or Multidimensional Approach and Prospects for Further Studies …...…..…………….... 16 A Brief Overview of Each Chapter …………...…………………………….………………………... 21 Notes on the Terms “Democratic” and “Interwar”…...…………………………………………….24 Chapter 2: Beyond “Magazines for Women”: The Emergence of Mass-Market Women’s Magazines as Popular Magazines for Both Sexes and their Historical Contexts ………….…………. 30 Development of the Magazine in Modern Japan ……………………….……………...……………... 31 Industrialization of Magazine Publishing …………………….…...……….……………………… 31 Nation-Wide Systematization of Publication, Distribution, and Advertising ……...…….………….. 33 Gender- and Age-Based Differentiation of Magazine Genres …...……………………….………... 37 “Feminization” of the Women’s Magazine …...………………………………………….……….. 40 Emergence of the Mass-Market Women’s Magazine and its Increasing Popularity ……...……………. 43 Increasing Circulation before Kingu …...…..…………………..........……………………………... 43 Increasing Circulation after Kingu …...…………..……………………………………………….. 46 Expansion of Readership of Women’s Magazines among Women ……..……....………………….. 47 Expansion of Readership of Women’s Magazines among Men …...……..…….……………….….. 50 The Socio-Cultural Contexts ……………………...………………………………….……………… 53 Spread of Literacy ………...……………………………………..………………………………. 53 Limited Budget for Entertainment ………………...………………………...……………………. 54 Changing Lifestyle and the Craze for “Culture” …..……….…………...…………………………. 55 Craving Information Concerning the “Modern Family” and the “Home” ….....…...…….………… 58 The Media and the Spread of the Ideal of the “Modern Home Life” …...…….......………………… 63 Beyond the “Women’s Magazine”: Transfeminization of the Women’s Magazine …...………………... 65 v Chapter 3: Revolution in Publication: Changes Introduced by Interwar Mass-Market Women’s Magazines to Japanese Print / Reading Culture …………………………………………………….. 69 Developments in Formats and Modes of Expression …....…..……………...…………………………. 69 High Receptivity to New Systems and Technologies ….…….….......………………..…………….. 69 Orality, New Article Genres, and an Emphasis on Everyday Life .……...……….…………………. 72 Intense Visualization ………………………………………………………..……...…………….. 75 Emphasis on Entertainment and the Relative Retreat of the Moralistic Tone ………...…….………. 80 Practical Articles and Human Interest Stories as Entertainment ……………………...…….……… 84 Developments in Promotion ……..…………………………………...……...……….……………… 87 Promoting Reader Participation: Features of Reader Submissions and Media Events ……......……... 87 Commercialization: Advertisements, Special Gifts, and Mail Ordering ……………………......…... 91 Media Mixing …………………………………………………………………………….……... 94 The Mass-Market Women’s Magazine as New Media …………....………………………………….. 96 The Typical Formats of the Interwar Mass-Market Women’s Magazine …………..………………. 96 Differences from “General Magazines” and “Cultured” Women’s Magazines …….…………..……98 Differences from Other Popular Magazines and Pictorial Magazines ………………….....………..100 Differences from Kingu …………………………………………………………………...…..... 102 The Mass-Market Women’s Magazine: A New Media ………….…………….…………………….. 105 Chapter 4: Rethinking Interwar Japanese Mass-Market Women’s Magazines: The Democratization of Print/Reading Culture and Gender Categories ……………………. 108 Influences on Reading Habits ……………………..…..……………………………………………. 108 A New Media Introducing a New Mode of Reading …….…………….…………………………108 Multiplex Reading Habits …..…………………………………………..…………………….….111 Democratization of Print Culture ……………..…………………………………………………….. 113 In “Light” Periodicals …………………………….………………....………………………....... 113 In “Serious” Periodicals ……………………….…….………………………………...………... 114 “Home Section” in the Newspaper …………………..……...…………………………………... 117 The Controversies over Interwar Mass-Market Women’s Magazines …………….………...………... 120 Criticism of the Interwar Mass-Market Women’s Magazine ……..……………………………..... 120 Exclusive Condemnation of the Mass-Market Women’s Magazines ………..………...………….. 122 Labeling and Belittling New Strategies as “Feminine” ……………………...………………….... 124 Differentiation and Classification of Print/Reading Culture …………….………………………...….. 126 Maintaining a Hierarchy of Print Culture …………………..………………………………...….. 126 Democratization of Print Culture and Gender ………………………...……………………...…... 131 Maintaining a Hierarchy of Reading Culture ……………..………….………………………...… 133 vi Reader Trouble: Maintaining a Hierarchy of Readers …...…...…………………………………... 136 New Print/Reading Culture Rooted in Everyday Life ……………….………………...…………….. 141 Attempts to Overcome the Rigid Hierarchy of Print/Reading Culture ……………...…..………… 141 Establishment
Recommended publications
  • Memoirs Faculty of Engineering
    ISSN 0078-6659 MEMOIRS OF THE FACULTY OF ENG THE FACULTY MEMOIRS OF MEMOIRS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING OSAKA CITY UNIVERSITY INEERING OSAKA CITY UNIVERSITY VOL. 60 DECEMBER 2019 VOL. 60. 2019 PUBLISHED BY THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING OSAKA CITY UNIVERSITY 1911-0402大阪市立大学 工学部 工学部英文紀要VOL.60(2019) 1-4 見本 スミ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 This series of Memoirs is issued annually. Selected original works of the members 㻌 of the Faculty of Engineering are compiled in the first part of the volume. Abstracts of 㻌 㻌 papers presented elsewhere during the current year are compiled in the second part. List 㻌 of conference presentations delivered during the same period is appended in the last part. 㻌 All communications with respect to Memoirs should be addressed to: 㻌 Dean of the Graduate School of Engineering 㻌 Osaka City University 㻌 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku 㻌 Osaka 558-8585, Japan 㻌 㻌 Editors 㻌 㻌 㻌 Akira TERAI Hayato NAKATANI This is the final print issue of “Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Osaka City Masafumi MURAJI University.” This series of Memoirs has been published for the last decade in print edition as Daisuke MIYAZAKI well as in electronic edition. From the next issue, the Memoirs will be published only Hideki AZUMA electronically. The forthcoming issues will be available at the internet address: Tetsu TOKUONO https://www.eng.osaka-cu.ac.jp/en/about/publication.html. The past and present editors take Toru ENDO this opportunity to express gratitude to the subscribers for all their support and hope them to keep interested in the Memoirs.
    [Show full text]
  • Racism Without Race? : the Case of Japan's Invisible Group
    Racism Without Race? : the Case of Japan's Invisible Group Masami Degawa A thesis submitted to the Department of Sociology in conforrnity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Queen's University Kingston. Ontario. Canada Cop-yright O Masami Degawa. 200 L National Library Bibliothèque nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 345,rue Wellington Ottawa ON KIA ON4 OttawaON K1AW Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distn'bute or sel reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microfonn, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la fome de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Abstract This thesis examines the persistence of social exclusion of the Buraku people. They were created as a class -- lower than the lowest. under the strict Tokugawa feudal system (1603-1867). and in 1871 they were officially emancipated. The Buraku people are physically. ethnically. racially. religiously and culturdy indistinguishable fiom the rest of Japanese society.
    [Show full text]
  • Programme for Web Announcement-E
    Building ASEAN Identity on a Transnational Dimension Programme (TBC) 7 March (Thursday) 09:30 – 10:20 Opening Session Opening Remarks: Prof. Shotaro Yachi, Special Advisor to the Cabinet (TBC) Dr. David Malone, Rector of the United Nations University (TBC) Representative from ASEAN (TBC) Keynote speech: Professor Yasushi Kikuchi, Visiting Professor, UNU-ISP, Professor Emeritus, Waseda University 10:20 – 11:30 Session I: Moderator: Vesselin Popovski, Senior Academic Programme Officer (UNU-ISP) Perspectives from Vietnam Madam Ton Nu Thi Ninh, President, Tri Viet Institute for International Studies and Exchange, Ton Duc Thang University Perspectives from Thailand Dr. Ketkanda Jaturongkachoke, the School of Language and Communication, National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA) Perspectives from Singapore Ambassador Ong Keng Yong, Singapore High Commission in Kuala Lumpur Discussion 11:30 – 11:50 Coffee Break 11:50 – 13:00 Session II: Moderator: Madoka Futamura, Academic Programme Officer (UNU-ISP) Perspectives from Philippines Dr. Wilfrido Villacorta, Professor Emeritus, De La Salle University, Former Ambassador to ASEAN Perspectives from Myanmar Ms. Moe Thuzar, Lead Researcher, ASEAN Studies Centre, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies Perspectives from Malaysia Dr. Rahmat Mohamad, Secretary General, Asian African Legal Consultative Organization Discussion 1 13:00 – 14:30 LUNCH TIME 14:30 – 15:55 Session III: Moderator: Dr. Yuichi Sekiya (University of Tokyo) Perspectives from Laos Dr. Soukanh Chithpanya, Associate Professor,
    [Show full text]
  • 289 Page Numbers in Boldface Type Refer to Illustrations. Abelove, Henry
    Index Page numbers in boldface type refer to illustrations. Abelove, Henry, 262, 263, 266n.26 69–80, 82nn.7–8, 83n.21, 268. See Abe Shinzō, 8, 70, 79–80, 157, 267– also gender equal society (danjo 268. See also womenomics kyōdō sankaku) abortion, 3, 9n.7, 35, 210 area studies, 256–263, 266n.10 academic feminism, 218, 220 Ariga Chieko, 160 activism and activists, 13–85; Ariyoshi Sawako, 132, 155, 160–164, intersectionality in, 166n.19, 217, 165 230–231, 239–241, 245; of Korean Armstrong, Bruce, 213–214 mothers in Japan, 234–235; arts, traditional, 103, 116, 116n.1, lesbian (rezubian) feminism, 14, 118n.20. See also ikebana 50–61, 62n.7, 62n.11, 63nn.22–24, Asakawa Mari, 52, 56 66nn.53–54; suffrage movement, Asia-Japan Women’s Resource 15–29, 29n.1, 31n.17, 33n.33; Center, 228n.55 “summer of mothers” congresses, Asian Women’s Association (Ajia no 14, 34–45; Yamakawa Kikue, Onnatachi no Kai), 219, 228n.55, 15–23, 26–29. See also ribu 237, 239, 243, 275 movement; specific groups and Asian Women’s Conference Fighting persons Against Invasion=Discrimination Adachi Tōko, 114 (Shinryaku=Sabetsu to Tatakau “Affection in Education” Ajia Fujin Kaigi), 6–7, 237 (Carpenter), 188–189, 200n.5 Association Echo (Meari Kai), 234 Ainu, 217, 220, 227n.47 Association for Reading Korean Akaeda Kanako, 189, 204n.38 Women’s History (Chōsen Akiyama Yōko, 53–54, 275 Joseishi Dokushokai), 236, 239, alcohol, 3, 247n.12 249n.26, 249n.28 Alexander, M. Jacqui, 207, 224n.18 Association of Korean Women in Allim (periodical), 238, 249n.31 Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hachiman Cult and the Dokyo Incident Author(S): Ross Bender Source: Monumenta Nipponica, Vol
    The Hachiman Cult and the Dokyo Incident Author(s): Ross Bender Source: Monumenta Nipponica, Vol. 34, No. 2 (Summer, 1979), pp. 125-153 Published by: Sophia University Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2384320 Accessed: 17-03-2016 17:03 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Sophia University is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Monumenta Nipponica. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 77.80.42.241 on Thu, 17 Mar 2016 17:03:08 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions The Hachiman Cult and the D6ky6 Incident by Ross BENDER XO I NE of the gravest assaults ever made on the Japanese imperial institution was launched by the Buddhist priest D6ky6' in the 760s. Dokyo, who came from a clan of the low-ranking provincial aristocracy, gained the affection of the retired Empress K6ken2 in 761 and proceeded to gather political power to himself; by the end of the decade he stood as the paramount figure in the court bureaucracy and had already begun to usurp imperial prerogatives. It was in 769 that an oracle from the shrine of Hachiman in Kyushu was reported to Nara: the god prophesied peace in the realm if Dokyo were proclaimed em- peror.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vietnamese Phuc Quoc League and the 1940 Insurrection
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Waseda University Repository The Vietnamese Phuc Quoc League and the 1940 Insurrection Nov. 2004 Masaya Shiraishi Professor, Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies Introduction I. The Vietnamese Phuc Quoc League II. The Government-General of Taiwan’s Vietnamese Broadcasting Team III. The Insurrection by the Vietnamese Phuc Quoc Army Conclusions Introduction This paper focuses on the Viet Nam Phuc Quoc Quan (National Restoration Army of Vietnam)1, which staged an armed insurrection in Dong Dang and Lang Son in September 1940, when the Japanese Army was stationing forces in northern French Indochina, and on its parent organization, the Viet Nam Phuc Quoc Dong Minh Hoi ( League for the National Restoration of Vietnam). Throughout the paper, the emphasis will be placed on their relationship with Japan. There have been very few serious and in-depth academic studies on the insurrection itself and the activities of the Phuc Quoc League.2 There are several good reasons for this. First, in outlining the political history of Vietnam in the 1930s and 1940s, it has been conventional to focus on the activities of the Dong Duong Cong San Dang (Indochinese Communist Party), while treating the activities of the Phuc Quoc League as marginal, 1 Although Cuong De‘s memoirs (see note 5) call it the “Viet Nam Kien Quoc Quan” (Nation-Building Army of Vietnam”, this paper follows the more commonly used nomenclature among researchers: the “Viet Nam Phuc Quoc Quan” (National Restoration Army of Vietnam). 2 This is not to say that they have been totally neglected by researchers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Literary Landscape of Murakami Haruki
    Akins, Midori Tanaka (2012) Time and space reconsidered: the literary landscape of Murakami Haruki. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/15631 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Time and Space Reconsidered: The Literary Landscape of Murakami Haruki Midori Tanaka Atkins Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD in Japanese Literature 2012 Department of Languages & Cultures School of Oriental and African Studies University of London Declaration for PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the School of Oriental and African Studies concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination.
    [Show full text]
  • Of the Nanking Massacre
    Analyzing the “Photographic Evidence” of the Nanking Massacre By Higashinakano Shudo, Kobayashi Susumu & Fukunaga Shinjiro Copyright ©2005 by Higashinakano Shudo, Kobayashi Susumu & Fukunaga Shainjiro Originally published as Nankin Jiken: “Shokoshashin” wo Kenshosuru by Soshisha, Tokyo, Japan 2005. All rights reserved, including the rights of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Japanese and Chinese personal names have been rendered surname first, in accordance with Japanese and Chinese custom. The hanyu pinyin Romanization system has been used to translate Chinese personal and place names, with the exception of Wade-Giles translations that are still in common use (e.g., Yangtze River, Chiang Kai-shek). 1 Table of Contents List of Abbreviations Prologue Search for the Origins of the “Photographic Evidence” Chapter 1. Realities of the Battle for Nanking Chapter 2. The First “Photographic Evidence” Chapter 3. Additional Photographs that are Meticulous Forgeries Chapter 4. Misleading use of Photographs of Known Origins Chapter 5. Conclusion: No Photographs Can Stand as Viable Historical Evidence 2 List of Abbreviations CCP Chinese Communist Party GMD Guomindang [Chinese Nationalist Party] ICNSZ International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone IMTFE International Military Tribunal for the Far East NDG Nanking daigyakusatsu no genba e [To the Site of the Rape of Nanking] POW prisoner of war QINHUA Qinhua Rijun Nanjing Datusha Zhaopianji [Pictorial Collection of the Invading Japanese Army’s Violence in Nanking] RBS Rikou Baoxing
    [Show full text]
  • New Year's Day Taika Reform Edict
    Study Questions: New Year’s Day Taika Reform Edict The Taika Reform was a series of edicts, issued during the Taika era (645–650), that were a major stepping-stone in the development of the Japanese political structure. Japan had been a confederation of elite families or clans, called uji , that did not have a very strong allegiance to the imperial family. After the defeat of one such uji , the Soga, the Taika Reform edicts issued by Emperor K¯ otoku and Prince Nakano-O¯ e, who would later reign as Emperor Tenchi, were aimed at weakening these uji through adopting a Chinese-style government to strengthen imperial authority by curtailing the independence of the uji , which controlled various regions of Japan. Although edicts were issued in 645 and later, the edict issued on New Year’s Day of 646 was the first one to call for a major overhaul of the Japanese government and served as the basis for future reforms over the next sixty years, ending with the Taih¯ o Code in 702. 1. In the twenty-first century, Japan is a single unified nation. In the seventh century, though, the nation consisted of various enclaves, with power diffused throughout numerous ruling clans. To what extent did the Taika Reform edict help consolidate these clans into a national polity? 2. What role did contact with China have in the consolidation of Japan into a more unified nation? How did Chinese Confucianism influence Japanese thinking during this period? 3. In the modern world, the words bureaucracy and bureaucrat often have negative connotations, implying excessive regulation, red tape, and government functionaries who assert their authority over citizens.
    [Show full text]
  • Clan Influence in Asuka Japan: Asukadera and the Soga Clan
    CLAN INFLUENCE IN ASUKA JAPAN: ASUKADERA AND THE SOGA CLAN by Ian Michael Watts Submitted to the Faculty of The Archaeological Studies Program Department of Sociology and Archaeology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science University of Wisconsin - La Crosse 2012 Copyright © 2012 by Ian Watts All rights reserved ii CLAN INFLUENCE IN ASUKA JAPAN: ASUKADERA AND THE SOGA CLAN Ian Watts, B.S. University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, 2012 The Asuka Period of Japan is characterized by the introduction of Buddhism from Korea and a consolidation of power by the central government. The interplay between the Imperial Clan and the Soga Clan was integral in shaping everyday life in Asuka as the introduction of Buddhism brought the creation of permanent architecture in the shape of temples. These temples, primarily constructed by the Imperial Line and the Soga Clan, required the employment of local populations as a labor force for the construction of the various buildings within each temple complex. An examination of the assemblage of round eave-end roof tiles at the first Buddhist temple in Japan, Asukadera, examines the implications of this labor procurement. Furthermore, spatial analysis between Asukadera, Tōyuradera, and Okuyamakumedera provides data for future research. iii Acknowledgements Much of this study could not have been completed without the help of the following individuals and institution. Large portions of Japanese text were translated by native Japanese and Taiwanese speakers in conjunction with my direction. I was extremely fortunate to have been given a portion of the Asukadera Excavation Report directly by the Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties.
    [Show full text]
  • CURRICULM VITAE Hisaki KENMOCHI
    CURRICULM VITAE Hisaki KENMOCHI University of Shizuoka (Shziuoka, Japan) Professor, Department of International languages and Cultures School of International Relations Email: [email protected] Adress: 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka-shi, 422-8526, Japan Education 1986-1993 Doctor course, Graduate School of History, Sophia University, Tokyo [1988-1992 Doctor course, University of Paris X , Scholarship holder of French government, Resident of ENS, Paris] 1983-1986 Master course, Graduate School of History, Sophia University, Tokyo 1979-1983 Faculty of Literature, Sophia University, Tokyo Academic Degrees 1989 DEA , University Paris X 1986 MA, Sophia University 1983 BA, Sophia University Appointments and affiliations 2013 Professor, School of International Relations, University of Shizuoka 2009 Guest professor, ENS Paris 2007 Guest professor, IEP Lille 2003 Associate professor, School of International Relations, University of Shizuoka 1999 Associate professor, Meijo University, Nagoya 1996 Senior Assistant professor, Meijo University 1993 Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research field French contemporary history, Historical perceptions Major publications Books Horizon of the common history: Europe and Eastern Asia (in Japanese with KOSUGE Nobuko, BABICZ Lionel), Akashi-shoten, 2009. Fascism in the memory - the "Cross team of fire" and the French contemporary history (in Japanese), Kodansha, 2008. 1 Book chapters “ The experience of common historical understanding – French-German Textbook”, Fumitaka, KUROSAWA, History and Reconciliation, University of Tokyo Press, 2011. “ Paradox and ambivalence: 250 years of French-American relation”, Fumitaka KUROSAWA, War, Peace and Human rights, Hara-shobô, 2010. “ The regime of Vichy and Manchukuo”, Hideo KOBAYASHI, Manchuria in regard of Today, , Tsuge-shobô-shinsha, 2008. Journal articles “Possibilities of Common Historical Understanding: The Experiment of the German-French Common Historiy Textbook” (in Japanese with NISHIYAMA Akiyoshi), REKISHIGAKU KENKYU, no.
    [Show full text]
  • Enchi Fumiko: an Examination of Political Aspects in En Chi Fumiko's Works
    Enchi Fumiko: An examination of political aspects in En chi Fumiko's works A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Japanese Literature in the University of Canterbury by Kaori Katagiri University of Canterbury 2001 . z b .. k Contents Abstract .................................... ; . 1 Introduction 1. General introduction................................................... 2 2. Enchi's biography . 3 3. The Proletarian movement............................................ 8 4. War Brides.............................................................. 12 Chapter 1 War and Enchi's pacifism in Onna no Mayu.................. 17 1.1 Summary of the story. 17 1.2 Biological Experiments ................................................ 18 1.3 The United State's Exploitation of Japanese Biological Experiments.... 27 1.4 Enchi's criticism of kokutai and her pacifism...................... 32 1.5 Weakness in Enchi's Writing......................................... 38 Chapter 2 Enchi's criticisn1 against war and feminine issues in Minami no Hada................................................. 48 2.1 Summary of the story. 48 2.2 Similarity of Katsunuma to an historical figure ..................... 50 2.3 Karayuki-san and the Meiji Govermnent ............................. 58 2.4 Enchi's criticism of the Japanese government and l1er pacifism. 64 2.5Karayuki-san ........................................................... ... 71 2.6 The Prostitute's Body ................................................... 76 2. 7 Prostitution.. 81 2.8 Enchi' s elite consciousness............................................ 84 Chapter 3 Gender Politics and the ie system. 92 3.1 The theme and brief summary of selected works. 92 3.2 The ie system. .. 93 3. 3 Onnazaka. 97 3.3.1 The role of Toshi............................................ ... 98 3.3.2 Torno and the ie................................................ 100 3.3.3 Women's oppression in the economic dimension of the ie system.
    [Show full text]