Mir Hardware Heritage Part 2
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Mir-125 in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis
Leukemia (2012) 26, 2011–2018 & 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0887-6924/12 www.nature.com/leu SPOTLIGHT REVIEW MiR-125 in normal and malignant hematopoiesis L Shaham1,2, V Binder3,4,NGefen1,5, A Borkhardt3 and S Izraeli1,5 MiR-125 is a highly conserved microRNA throughout many different species from nematode to humans. In humans, there are three homologs (hsa-miR-125b-1, hsa-miR-125b-2 and hsa-miR-125a). Here we review a recent research on the role of miR-125 in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. Its high expression in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) enhances self-renewal and survival. Its expression in specific subtypes of myeloid and lymphoid leukemias provides resistance to apoptosis and blocks further differentiation. A direct oncogenic role in the hematopoietic system has recently been demonstrated by several mouse models. Targets of miR-125b include key proteins regulating apoptosis, innate immunity, inflammation and hematopoietic differentiation. Leukemia (2012) 26, 2011–2018; doi:10.1038/leu.2012.90 Keywords: microRNA; hematopoiesis; hematological malignancies; acute myeloid leukemia; acute lymphoblastic leukemia MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21–23-nucleotide non-coding RNAs that nucleotides with the seed region of miR-125b (ebv-miR-BART21-5p, have crucial roles in fundamental biological processes by ebv-miR-BART8 and rlcv-miR-rL1-25). In humans, as in most of the regulating the levels of multiple proteins. They are transcribed genomes, there are two paralogs (hsa-miR-125b-1 on chromosome as primary miRNAs and processed in the nucleus by the RNase III 11 and hsa-miR-125b-2 on chromosome 21), coding for the same endonuclease DROSHA to liberate 70-nucleotide stem loops, the mature sequence. -
Paper Session III-A-History of the First NASA Contract with Russia
1994 (31st) Space Exploration and Utilization The Space Congress® Proceedings for the Good of the World Apr 28th, 2:00 PM - 5:00 PM Paper Session III-A - History of the First NASA Contract with Russia Barbara D. Connelly-Fratzke NASA Headquarters, Office of Space Systems Development Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings Scholarly Commons Citation Connelly-Fratzke, Barbara D., "Paper Session III-A - History of the First NASA Contract with Russia" (1994). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 18. https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-1994-31st/april-28-1994/18 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Space Congress® Proceedings by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. History of the First NASA Contract with Russia Barbara D. Connelly-Fratzke NASA Headquarters Office of Space Systems Development This story begins after the end of the cold war with the Soviet Union. after perestroika had its initial impact on the economy, at about the time the Russian space firms were beginning to lose government support and fac ing hard times ahead. As part or the FY92 Budget approval, Congress, in its wisdom, directed NASA to investigate the Russian space hardware and determine its feasibility for use in the U.S. space program. At the invitation of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow and the Russian firm NPO Energia, NASA made a reconnaissance visit to NPO Energia to open discussions concerning Russian space hardware. -
Survival of the Fittest with This Century-Old Natural History Museum Tribute, KU Scientists Once Defended Evolution
NO. I, 2000 $5 ' • ' ' r t Survival of the fittest With this century-old Natural History Museum tribute, KU scientists once defended evolution. The battle is on again. •»••••••••••••••»••••••••••••••••••••••»••••••••••••»••••»•••• HAS YOUR TOLERANCE FOR vim CHANGED SINCE YOU LEFT KU? {yfovs family's well-being deserves a mature appreciation of risk and reward. • The University of Kansas Alumni Association and the NestEgg Funds announce a whole new way to invest, a simple but sophisticated approach to mutual funds that can help you and your family achieve a workable balance of risk and reward - with just one easy, convenient, cost-effective decision. • Best of all, the NestEgg Funds involve no "sales loads."* FOR MORE INFORMATION & A PROSPECTUS CALL: U800.272.2115 THE BEST TOMORROW DAY. Q ^Kansas. Alumni* ••••••••••• ASSOCIATION KANSAS ALUMNI CONTENTS FEATURES DEPARTMENTS 20 3 FIRST WORD Special Delivery C! 1ORUS By day a Montana mail carrier, alumnus Gene Bernofsky has earned acclaim for his powerful films 6 ON THE BOULEVARD aimed at preventing ecological disasters. Schedules of KU events By Rex Buchanan 8 JAYHAWK WALK Fantasy football, ghostly 22 Page 20 Biological Warfare research, Jonathan In the wake of a controversial vote by the Kansas Kozol's visit and more Board of Education, KU scientists suddenly find 14 SPORTS themselves forced to defend fundamental theories ranulous resninen. of science, including biological, geologic and cosmic all-time KU athletes evolution. Our package includes an essay by and more Chancellor Robert E. Hemenway outlining the 18 OREAD READER Chris Lazzarino holds University's responsibility to "fight long and hard" out hope for hope for good science education in public schools and 19 OREAD WRITER scientific literacy among all citizens. -
Keynote Speech - Manned Space Flights: Lessons Learned from Space Craft Operation and Maintenance Wednesday, 13 November 2013 18:30 (45 Minutes)
Asset and Maintenance Management Workshop Contribution ID: 54 Type: Oral - 45 min. Keynote speech - Manned Space Flights: Lessons Learned from Space Craft Operation and Maintenance Wednesday, 13 November 2013 18:30 (45 minutes) Following graduation in 1973 from the Ecole de l’Air (the French Air Force Academy), Michel Tognini served in the French Air Force as an operational fighter pilot, flight leader in 1976, flight commander in 1979,test pilot then chief test pilot from 1983 to 1985. In 1985, France opened a recruitment program to expand its astronaut corps, and Michel Tognini was one of seven candidates selected by CNES. In July 1986, he was one of four candidates to undergo medical examinations in Moscow. In August 1986, he was assigned as a back-up crew member for the Soyuz TM-7 mission. Although he remained a French Air Force officer, he was placed on detachment to CNES for his space flight activities from September 1986 onwards. In 1991 he went to Star City, Russia, to start prime crew training for the third Soviet-French ANTARES mission. During his stay in Russia, he linked up with Mir (ANTARES mission) and spent 14 days (July 27–Aug. 10, 1992; Soyuz TM-14 and TM- 14)carrying out a program of joint Soviet-French experiments. Michel Tognini then attended ASCAN Training at the Johnson Space Center during 1995. He was initially assigned to the Operations Planning Branch of the Astronaut Office working technical issues on the International Space Station. He flew aboard SpaceShuttle Columbia on STS-93 (July 22–27, 1999). -
Human Spaceflight Plans of Russia, China and India
Presentation to the ASEB Committee on NASA Technology Roadmaps Panel on Human Health and Surface Exploration June 1, 2011 by Marcia S. Smith Space and Technology Policy Group, LLC Russia Extensive experience in human spaceflight First animal in space (1957), first man in space (1961), first woman in space (1963), first spacewalk (1965), first space station (1971) Seven successful space stations (Salyut 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and Mir) before partnering in International Space Station (ISS) No people beyond low Earth orbit (LEO), however For earth orbit, continues to rely on Soyuz, first launched in 1967, but upgraded many times and is key to ISS operations Designed space shuttle, Buran, but launched only once in automated mode (no crew) in 1988 06-01-2011 2 Russia (2) Existing reliable launch vehicles Proton is largest: 21 tons to LEO; 5.5 tons to geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) Attempts to build Saturn V-equivalent in 1960s and 1970s failed (N1 failed four times in four attempts 1969-1972) Energiya booster in 1980s only flew twice (1987 with Polyus and 1988 with Buran). Abandoned for financial reasons. Was 100 tons to LEO; 18-20 tons to GTO; 32 tons to lunar trajectory. RD-170 engines for Energiya’s strap-ons live on today in other forms for Zenit, Atlas V, and Angara (under development) 06-01-2011 3 Russia (3) Robotic planetary space exploration mixed Excellent success at – Moon (Luna and Lunokhod series, plus Zond circumlunar flights) Venus (Venera series) Halley’s Comet (Vega 1 and 2—also Venus) Jinxed at Mars More than a dozen failures in 1960s - 1970s Partial success with Phobos 2 in 1988 (Phobos 1 failed) Mars 96 failed to leave Earth orbit Phobos-Grunt scheduled for later this year; designed as sample return from Phobos (includes Chinese orbiter) 06-01-2011 4 Russia (4) Grand statements over decades about sending people to the Moon and Mars, but never enough money to proceed. -
Rex D. Hall and David J. Shayler
Rex D. Hall and David J. Shayler Soyuz A Universal Spacecraft ruuiiMicPublishedu 11in1 aaaundiiuiassociationi witwimh ^^ • Springer Praxis Publishing PRHB Chichester, UK "^UF Table of contents Foreword xvii Authors' preface xix Acknowledgements xxi List of illustrations and tables xxiii Prologue xxix ORIGINS 1 Soviet manned spaceflight after Vostok 1 Design requirements 1 Sever and the 1L: the genesis of Soyuz 3 The Vostok 7/1L Soyuz Complex 4 The mission sequence of the early Soyuz Complex 6 The Soyuz 7K complex 7 Soyuz 7K (Soyuz A) design features 8 The American General Electric concept 10 Soyuz 9K and Soyuz 1 IK 11 The Soyuz Complex mission profile 12 Contracts, funding and schedules 13 Soyuz to the Moon 14 A redirection for Soyuz 14 The N1/L3 lunar landing mission profile 15 Exploring the potential of Soyuz 16 Soyuz 7K-P: a piloted anti-satellite interceptor 16 Soyuz 7K-R: a piloted reconnaissance space station 17 Soyuz VI: the military research spacecraft Zvezda 18 Adapting Soyuz for lunar missions 20 Spacecraft design changes 21 Crewing for circumlunar missions 22 The Zond missions 23 The end of the Soviet lunar programme 33 The lunar orbit module (7K-LOK) 33 viii Table of contents A change of direction 35 References 35 MISSION HARDWARE AND SUPPORT 39 Hardware and systems 39 Crew positions 40 The spacecraft 41 The Propulsion Module (PM) 41 The Descent Module (DM) 41 The Orbital Module (OM) 44 Pyrotechnic devices 45 Spacecraft sub-systems 46 Rendezvous, docking and transfer 47 Electrical power 53 Thermal control 54 Life support 54 -
The Space Challenge and Soviet Science Fiction
Corso di Laurea magistrale ( ordinamento ex D.M. 270/2004 ) in Relazioni Internazionali Comparate – International Relations Tesi di Laurea The space challenge and Soviet science fiction Relatore Ch.mo Prof. Duccio Basosi Correlatore Ch.ma Prof. Donatella Possamai Laureanda Serena Zanin Matricola 835564 Anno Accademico 2011 / 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………...1 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………...…………..7 CHAPTER I The science fiction in the Soviet bloc: the case of Stanislaw Lem’s “Solaris”…………………….…………………………………....…………...…16 CHAPTER II The space race era from the Soviet bloc side …………..….........37 CHAPTER III The enthusiasm for the cosmos and Soviet propaganda ……………….. …………………………...……...………………………………..73 FINAL CONSIDERATIONS ……………...………………………………...101 APPENDIX ........……………………………………………………..……..…106 REFERENCES …..……………………………………………………………113 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………..118 ABSTRACT La studiosa Julia Richers sottolinea come le ricerche sulla storia dell’esplorazione spaziale sovietica abbiano tre principali direzioni. La prima riguarda la storia politica della Guerra Fredda che considera la conquista dello spazio e lo sviluppo di potenti missili come parte di una più grande competizione tra gli USA e l’URSS. La seconda esamina in particolar modo lo sviluppo scientifico e tecnologico a partire dagli anni Ottanta, ossia da quando l’abolizione della censura ha permesso l’apertura al pubblico di molti archivi storici e la rivelazione di importanti informazioni. La terza include la propaganda sovietica e la fantascienza come parte fondamentale della storia culturale e sociale sia dell’URSS che della Russia post-rivoluzione. Il presente lavoro analizza la storia dell’esplorazione spaziale sovietica e, partendo dalle sue origini (fine XIX° secolo), prende in considerazione i principali successi che portarono al lancio del primo satellite artificiale nel 1957 e il primo uomo sulla luna nel 1961. -
Proposals on Spw Evolution
ROSCOSMOS Igor V. Orlovsky Deputy Head of Onboard Control Systems Division Alexey A. Khakhulin Team Manager, Next‐Generation Onboard Control Systems Developm th 16 SpaceWire Working Group, 21‐23 March 2011 ESA/ESTEC, Noorwijk, The Netherla Rocket and Space Corporation Energia named after Sergei Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia after S.P. Korolev Rocket is the strategic enterprise of Russia and the leading company engaged in manned space systems. A great deal of attention is focused on the development of new space technologies, including dedicated unmanned space systems for various applications, rocket systems for spacecraft orbital injection. Its presence is noticeable on the international market of rocket and space services. It is the leader in introducing space high technologies for manufacture of products not related to space industry. Its structure: •Primary Design Bureau; •Baikonur branch; •ZAO Experimental Machinebuilding Plant, RSC Energia; •ZAO Volzhskoye DB; •ZAO PO Kosmos, RSC Energia; •Developed social infrastructure. •38% of the Corporation equity is owned by the state. CORE ACTIVITIES • Manned Space Systems • Unmanned Space Systems • Rocket Systems • Advanced Programs • Provision of Services CRUCIALLY IMPORTANT REQUIREMENTS FOR ONBOARD INTERFACES . providing equipment scalability . easy upgrading . supporting real-time transmission of large amounts of data and time-critical commands and data within a broad range of data rates and transmission distances . etc Up to now it has been very difficult to develop an all‐purpose interface. SPACEWIRE AS A BASE FOR NEXT‐GENERATION ONBOARD CONTROL SYSTEM Parameters of SpaceWire interface are closest to meeting the requirements of the all-purpose interface but along with significant advantages, has certain drawbacks. -
Building and Maintaining the International Space Station (ISS)
/ Building and maintaining the International Space Station (ISS) is a very complex task. An international fleet of space vehicles launches ISS components; rotates crews; provides logistical support; and replenishes propellant, items for science experi- ments, and other necessary supplies and equipment. The Space Shuttle must be used to deliver most ISS modules and major components. All of these important deliveries sustain a constant supply line that is crucial to the development and maintenance of the International Space Station. The fleet is also responsible for returning experiment results to Earth and for removing trash and waste from the ISS. Currently, transport vehicles are launched from two sites on transportation logistics Earth. In the future, the number of launch sites will increase to four or more. Future plans also include new commercial trans- ports that will take over the role of U.S. ISS logistical support. INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION GUIDE TRANSPORTATION/LOGISTICS 39 LAUNCH VEHICLES Soyuz Proton H-II Ariane Shuttle Roscosmos JAXA ESA NASA Russia Japan Europe United States Russia Japan EuRopE u.s. soyuz sL-4 proton sL-12 H-ii ariane 5 space shuttle First launch 1957 1965 1996 1996 1981 1963 (Soyuz variant) Launch site(s) Baikonur Baikonur Tanegashima Guiana Kennedy Space Center Cosmodrome Cosmodrome Space Center Space Center Launch performance 7,150 kg 20,000 kg 16,500 kg 18,000 kg 18,600 kg payload capacity (15,750 lb) (44,000 lb) (36,400 lb) (39,700 lb) (41,000 lb) 105,000 kg (230,000 lb), orbiter only Return performance -
→ Space for Europe European Space Agency
number 164 | 4th quarter 2015 bulletin → space for europe European Space Agency The European Space Agency was formed out of, and took over the rights and The ESA headquarters are in Paris. obligations of, the two earlier European space organisations – the European Space Research Organisation (ESRO) and the European Launcher Development The major establishments of ESA are: Organisation (ELDO). The Member States are Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands. Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Canada is a Cooperating State. ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany. In the words of its Convention: the purpose of the Agency shall be to provide for ESRIN, Frascati, Italy. and to promote, for exclusively peaceful purposes, cooperation among European States in space research and technology and their space applications, with a view ESAC, Madrid, Spain. to their being used for scientific purposes and for operational space applications systems: EAC, Cologne, Germany. → by elaborating and implementing a long-term European space policy, by ECSAT, Harwell, United Kingdom. recommending space objectives to the Member States, and by concerting the policies of the Member States with respect to other national and international ESA Redu, Belgium. organisations and institutions; → by elaborating and implementing activities and programmes in the space field; → by coordinating the European space programme and national programmes, and by integrating the latter progressively and as completely as possible into the European space programme, in particular as regards the development of applications Co-Chairs of the Council: satellites; Bo Andersen and Jean-Yves Le Gall → by elaborating and implementing the industrial policy appropriate to its programme and by recommending a coherent industrial policy to the Member States. -
Space Planes and Space Tourism: the Industry and the Regulation of Its Safety
Space Planes and Space Tourism: The Industry and the Regulation of its Safety A Research Study Prepared by Dr. Joseph N. Pelton Director, Space & Advanced Communications Research Institute George Washington University George Washington University SACRI Research Study 1 Table of Contents Executive Summary…………………………………………………… p 4-14 1.0 Introduction…………………………………………………………………….. p 16-26 2.0 Methodology…………………………………………………………………….. p 26-28 3.0 Background and History……………………………………………………….. p 28-34 4.0 US Regulations and Government Programs………………………………….. p 34-35 4.1 NASA’s Legislative Mandate and the New Space Vision………….……. p 35-36 4.2 NASA Safety Practices in Comparison to the FAA……….…………….. p 36-37 4.3 New US Legislation to Regulate and Control Private Space Ventures… p 37 4.3.1 Status of Legislation and Pending FAA Draft Regulations……….. p 37-38 4.3.2 The New Role of Prizes in Space Development…………………….. p 38-40 4.3.3 Implications of Private Space Ventures…………………………….. p 41-42 4.4 International Efforts to Regulate Private Space Systems………………… p 42 4.4.1 International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety… p 42-43 4.4.2 The International Telecommunications Union (ITU)…………….. p 43-44 4.4.3 The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS).. p 44 4.4.4 The European Aviation Safety Agency…………………………….. p 44-45 4.4.5 Review of International Treaties Involving Space………………… p 45 4.4.6 The ICAO -The Best Way Forward for International Regulation.. p 45-47 5.0 Key Efforts to Estimate the Size of a Private Space Tourism Business……… p 47 5.1. -
October 2011 Issue 2
Issue 2 October 2011 All about the Chinese Space Programme GO TAIKONAUTS! Editor’s Note As promised, this issue is delivered as a special issue on the Chinese space station Cover Story programme. The flawless launch of the Tiangong 1 was really ... page 2 Quarterly Report April - June 2011 Launch Events There were two success- ful space launches in the second quarter of 2011. On 10 April 2011 at 4:47:04 Beijing Time, a Long March 3A (Y19) lifted-off from Pad 3 in Xichang Satellite Launch Centre, putting the Beidou IGSO 3 navigation sat- ellite into orbit. It was the first Chinese Dawn of the Chinese Space Station Era space launch of 2011 and the eighth op- A Textbook Launch erational Beidou satellite. The satellite History turned a new page at 21:16:03 Beijing Time on 29 September 2011, entered its working orbit ... page 3 when a Long March 2F (CZ-2F T1) rocket lifted-off from Pad 921 at the Jiu- quan Satellite Launch Centre in China. In contrast with other launch vehicles that took-off from the same pad on previous occasions, ... page 6 Proposal Mutual Rescue Operations Between the On The Spot Tiangong and ISS? Background Touch the Chinese Space Programme in Three Days The ISS began six-crew member opera- Report from the 4th CSA-IAA Conference on Advanced Space Technology tion in 2009, and the U.S. shuttle retired in Shanghai in July 2011. Crew transportation and An Open and International Conference emergency rescue now totally depends To the Chinese space programme and people paying attention to it, early upon the Russian Soyuz vehicle.