Tamil, a Reference Grammar of Spoken (Schiffman
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
2 . ^
5 SI H.5n§ in 1W>o O0#W #M*V oQfQ P1^^ UUULIULlLJIJ «|\^ » § g_^< Si I J *^ N r-t >* s—. V — K4. i • J , — —1 g . 7 9 ' g •? • £ 7— I > ^ N ^ ^ |=|§ |§ I 1 ^ ^ «^^> to'^"^"?^ R Q a f— —— ^i H . S^oc^o-^^ II 9 11 V? 11 T ? 1 os3000D0- OH: P H "% ^ -J os • ^ CN ^ s * I I I'I «.;©—• !0C " ^ h+> < < < S> ^ %< .XXDHJV«JHiJXa/_L ^ , I I s F" > > * > * 2 . ^\ N^ ,1 ii 5^ ^ ^ ^ <& -* ^ illllllii ^ ^t >^ ^ ^ * XPHPArHCTX \> J o o • o * — * r^^ Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Biblio Université Pierre et Marie Curie, on 15 May 2018 at 06:33:09, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00018438 Os. Ucrope&Ti i ; -I fe 2, p Malay<damI !r Tkmil Veylorv ci 4* Ex 1 t uropesj h IX) Ikmil I o o I * (to Ceylon Iff* 4 European, 00. 00 3 1" I no I. •s N oi f Ceylon Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Biblio Université Pierre et Marie Curie, on 15 May 2018 at 06:33:09, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00018438 JOURNAL THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY. ART. I.—On the Genealogy of Modern Numerals. Part II. Simplification of the Ancient Indian Numeration. By Sir E. OLIVE BAYLEY, K.C.S.I., C.I.E. THE second part of this paper will be occupied by an attempt to show how the ancient Indian system of numeral signs, described in Part L, was simplified. -
Addendum to Notice of 2Nd/2016-17 Extra Ordinary General
The Indian Performing Right Society Limited CIN: U92140MH1969GAP014359 Regd. Office: 208, Golden Chambers, New Andheri Link Road, Andheri (West), Mumbai– 400053 Tel: 2673 3748/49/50/6616 Fax: 26736658. Email:[email protected] Website: www.iprs.org ADDENDUM TO THE NOTICE Addendum is hereby given to the Original Notice of the 2nd/2016-17 Extra-Ordinary General Meeting (‘EOGM’) of the Members of The Indian Performing Right Society Limited which will be held at Shri Bhaidas Maganlal Sabhagriha, U-1, J.V.P.D. Scheme, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai – 400 056 on Friday, the 31st day of March, 2017 at 10:30 A.M. to transact the following business: FOLLOWING RESOLUTIONS VIDE ITEM NOS. 6 TO 11 BEING RESOLUTIONS FOR APPOINTMENT OF NOMINEE DIRECTORS OF AUTHOR/COMPOSER MEMBERS, ARE FOR VOTING BY AUTHOR/ COMPOSER MEMBERS ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 24(i) OF THE ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION OF THE COMPANY: 6. To consider and if thought fit, to pass, with or without modification(s), the following resolution as an Ordinary Resolution: “RESOLVED THAT pursuant to the provisions of Sections 152 and 160 and other applicable provisions, if any, of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Appointment and Qualification of Directors) Rules, 2014 (including any statutory modification(s) or re-enactment thereof for the time being in force) and in accordance with Article 24 of the Articles of Association of the Company, Mr. Javed Jannisar Akhtar, who fulfills the criteria for appointment of Director in accordance with Article 20(b) of the Articles of Association of the Company and in respect of whom the Company has received a notice in writing from him under Section 160 of the Companies Act, 2013 along with necessary security deposit amount, proposing his candidature for the office of Author/Composer Director-Region-West, be and is hereby appointed as a Director of the Company who shall be liable to retire by rotation. -
Few Translation of Works of Tamil Sidhas, Saints and Poets Contents
Few translation of works of Tamil Sidhas, Saints and Poets I belong to Kerala but I did study Tamil Language with great interest.Here is translation of random religious works That I have done Contents Few translation of works of Tamil Sidhas, Saints and Poets ................. 1 1.Thiruvalluvar’s Thirukkual ...................................................................... 7 2.Vaan chirappu .................................................................................... 9 3.Neethar Perumai .............................................................................. 11 4.Aran Valiyuruthal ............................................................................. 13 5.Yil Vazhkai ........................................................................................ 15 6. Vaazhkkai thunai nalam .................................................................. 18 7.Makkat peru ..................................................................................... 20 8.Anbudamai ....................................................................................... 21 9.Virunthombal ................................................................................... 23 10.Iniyavai kooral ............................................................................... 25 11.Chei nandri arithal ......................................................................... 28 12.Naduvu nilamai- ............................................................................. 29 13.Adakkamudamai ........................................................................... -
7$0,/³(1*/,6+ ',&7,21$5< COMMON SPOKEN TAMIL MADE EASY
7$0,/³(1*/,6+ ',&7,21$5< )RU8VH:LWK &20021632.(17$0,/ 0$'(($6< 7KLUG(GLWLRQ E\ 79$',.(6$9$/8 'LJLWDO9HUVLRQ &+5,67,$10(',&$/&2//(*(9(//25( Adi’s Book, Tamil-English Dictionary. KEY adv. adverb n. noun pron. pronoun v. verb nom. takes nominatve case dat. takes dative case adj. adjective acc. takes accusative case d.b. taked declensional base intr. intransitive tr. transitive neut. neuter imp. impersonal pers. personal incl inclusive excl. exclusive m. masculine f. feminine sing. singular pl. plural w. weak s. strong TAMIL ENGLISH TAMIL ENGLISH KX ZQ become, happen DNN sister (older) KX ZQ happen, become DNNXº arm pit DE\VDP exercise (n.) DºD VQGK measure DE\VDPVHL ZGK exercise (v.) alamaram banyan tree adangu (w.in) obey DºDYXHGX VWKWK measurements (take m.) adangu (w.in) subside alladhu or adhan its P yes DGKDQOHKDL\OH therefore DPYVH no moon DGK same ambadhu fifty DGKLKUDP authority DPP madam DGKLNODLOH early morning DPPWK\U mother adhisayam wonder (n.) ammi grindstone adhu it ¼ male adhu (pron. neut.) that Q but DGKXNNXWKKXQGKSÀOD accordingly anai dam adhunga their (neut.) DQVLDQFKL pine apple adhunga they (things) DQEXQVDP love, kindness adhunga those (things)(are) QGDYDU Lord DGKXQJDºH them (things) andha (adj) that adi (s.thth) strike andha (pron.neut.) those adikkadi often DQKD many GX goat, sheep DQKDP almost, mostly aduppu oven, stove ange there aduththa next DQJHGKQ there only ahalam width anju five ahappadu (w.tt) caught, (to be) found D¼¼DQ brother (elder) DK\DYLPQDP aeroplane anumadhi permission (n.) K\DPYQXP sky anumadhi permit (n.) LSÀFKFKX FRO finished anumadhi kodu (s.thth) permit (v.) DLQQÌUX five hundred anuppu (w.in) send LSÀ ZQ exhaust, finish apdi that way DL\ sir DSGLGKQ that is it DL\À oh dear DSGL\ indeed?, is that so? DL\ÀSYDP poor soul! DSGL\" really?, right? DNN elder sister DSSWKDKDSSDQ father Adi’s Book, Tamil-English Dictionary. -
The Status of Arabic in the United States of America Post 9/11 and the Impact on Foreign Language Teaching Programs
Advances in Language and Literary Studies ISSN: 2203-4714 Vol. 5 No. 3; June 2014 Copyright © Australian International Academic Centre, Australia The Status of Arabic in the United States of America post 9/11 and the Impact on Foreign Language Teaching Programs Abdel-Rahman Abu-Melhim Department of English Language and Literature Irbid University College, Al-Balqa' Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan 19117 E-mail: [email protected] Doi:10.7575/aiac.alls.v.5n.3p.70 Received: 06/04/2014 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.5n.3p.70 Accepted: 13/05/2014 This work has been carried out during sabbatical leave granted to the author, (Abdel-Rahman Abu-Melhim), from Al-Balqa' Applied University, (BAU), during the academic year 2013/2014. Abstract This study aims at investigating the status of Arabic in the United States of America in the aftermath of the 9/11 World Trade Center events. It delves into this topic and identifies the main reasons for the increased demand for learning Arabic. It also determines the impact of the renewed interest in Arabic on foreign language teaching programs. Furthermore, the study identifies the main Arabic language programs established in the U.S. after the events of 9/11, 2001 at various institutions of higher education. The process of data collection relied primarily on information and statistics provided by several authorized professional linguistic organizations based in the U.S. as well as a number of telephone interviews conducted by the researcher. Since September 11, 2001, Arabic language teaching and learning has become the focus of much more attention from the educational community in the United States. -
Language Ideologies, Schooling and Islam in Qatar
Language in the Mirror: Language Ideologies, Schooling and Islam in Qatar Rehenuma Asmi Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy under the executive committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 Rehenuma Asmi All rights reserved ABSTRACT Language in the Mirror: Language Ideologies, Schooling and Islam Rehenuma Asmi My study explores language ideologies in the capital city of Doha, Qatar, where school reform movements are placing greater emphasis on English language acquisition. Through ethnography and a revised theory of language ideologies, I argue that as languages come in greater contact in multi-lingual spaces, mediation must occur between the new and old relationships that are emerging as a result of population growth, policy changes and cross-cultural interactions. I interrogate the development concept of the “knowledge economy” as it is used to justify old and new language ideologies regarding Arabic and English. As Qataris change their education systems in response to the economic development framework of the “knowledge economy,” they are promoting language ideologies that designate English as useful for the economy and “global” citizenship and Qatari Arabic and Standard Arabic as useful for religious and cultural reasons. I argue that Standard English, through its association with the “knowledge economy,” becomes “de-localized” and branded an “international” language. This ideology presents English as a modern language free of the society in which it is embedded, to circulate around the globe. In contrast, Standard Arabic is represented as stiff, archaic language of religious traditions and Qatari Arabic is presented as the language of oral culture and ethnonationalism. -
Beliefs and Out-Of-Class Language Learning of Chinese-Speaking ESL Learners in Hong Kong
New Horizons in Education. Vol. 60, No.1, May 2012 Beliefs and Out-of-class Language Learning of Chinese-speaking ESL Learners in Hong Kong WU Man-fat, Manfred Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (Haking Wong) Abstract Background: There has been a lack of research on exploring how beliefs about language learning (BALLs) and out-of-class language-learning activities are related. BALLs and out-of-class language-learning activities play an important role in influencing the learning behaviours of learners and learning outcomes. Findings of this study provide useful pedagogical implications for English teaching in Hong Kong. Aim: The aim of the study is to gather information on the BALLs and out-of-class language-learning activities of young adult ESL learners in Hong Kong. Sample: Convenience sampling is adopted in this study of 324 ESL (English as a Second Language) learners undertaking vocational education in Hong Kong. Methods: Surveys on BALLs and out-of-class language-learning activiti Results: Findings indicate that learners held mostly positive beliefs. Watching films and television, reading, listening to English songs, music and radio channels, formal learning and practising speaking with others were the out-of-class language- learning activities reported by subjects that they carried out most frequently. There is an association between BALLs and the implementation of activities. Learners who regarded out-of-class language-learning activities as useful were found to possess more positive beliefs regarding their English learning in terms of BALLI (Beliefs About Language Learning Inventory) items. Learners who implemented out-of-class language-learning activities were found to have more positive beliefs in terms of two factors, Perceived value and nature of learning spoken English and Self-efficacy and expectation about learning English. -
Onomatopoeia, Gestures, Actions and Words: How Do Caregivers Use Multimodal Cues in Their Communication to Children?
Onomatopoeia, gestures, actions and words: How do caregivers use multimodal cues in their communication to children? Gabriella Vigliocco ([email protected]) Yasamin Motamedi, Margherita Murgiano, Elizabeth Wonnacott, Chloe Marshall, Iris Milan Maillo, Pamela Perniss Abstract However, in addition to being arbitrary, language presents also other types of form-meaning mapping characterized by Most research on how children learn the mapping between words and world has assumed that language is arbitrary, and a more transparent and motivated link (Dingemanse et al. has investigated language learning in contexts in which objects 2015). For example, iconicity, across languages, can be found referred to are present in the environment. Here, we report in the phonology of words, e.g. in onomatopoeia such analyses of a semi-naturalistic corpus of caregivers talking to as meow or drip. This expressive richness is particularly their 2-3 year-old. We focus on caregivers’ use of non-arbitrary prominent once we look at the multimodal communicative cues across different expressive channels: both iconic context in which language is learnt: prosodic (onomatopoeia and representational gestures) and indexical (points and actions with objects). We ask if these cues are used modulations (e.g. prolonging a vowel to indicate prolonged differently when talking about objects known or unknown to extension, loooong), iconic, representational gestures (e.g., the child, and when the referred objects are present or absent. tracing an up and down movement with the index finger We hypothesize that caregivers would use these cues more while talking about a bouncing object), points and hand often with objects novel to the child. -
GRAMMAR of OLD TAMIL for STUDENTS 1 St Edition Eva Wilden
GRAMMAR OF OLD TAMIL FOR STUDENTS 1 st Edition Eva Wilden To cite this version: Eva Wilden. GRAMMAR OF OLD TAMIL FOR STUDENTS 1 st Edition. Eva Wilden. Institut français de Pondichéry; École française d’Extrême-Orient, 137, 2018, Collection Indologie. halshs- 01892342v2 HAL Id: halshs-01892342 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01892342v2 Submitted on 24 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. GRAMMAR OF OLD TAMIL FOR STUDENTS 1st Edition L’Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), UMIFRE 21 CNRS-MAE, est un établissement à autonomie financière sous la double tutelle du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères (MAE) et du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). Il est partie intégrante du réseau des 27 centres de recherche de ce Ministère. Avec le Centre de Sciences Humaines (CSH) à New Delhi, il forme l’USR 3330 du CNRS « Savoirs et Mondes Indiens ». Il remplit des missions de recherche, d’expertise et de formation en Sciences Humaines et Sociales et en Écologie dans le Sud et le Sud- est asiatiques. Il s’intéresse particulièrement aux savoirs et patrimoines culturels indiens (langue et littérature sanskrites, histoire des religions, études tamoules…), aux dynamiques sociales contemporaines, et aux ecosystèmes naturels de l’Inde du Sud. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 Nortti Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313.'761-4700 800/ 521-0600 Order Number 9401286 The phonetics and phonology of Korean prosody Jun, Sun-Ah, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1993 300 N. Zeeb Rd. -
Los Nombres De Los Números Ante El Préstamo
LOS NOMBRES DE LOS NÚMEROS ANTE EL PRÉSTAMO FRANCISCO MARCOS MARÍN Al hablar de los números, cabe también la posibilidad de ocuparse de ellos como préstamos. El préstamo de numerales es muy frecuente y no se limita a los escasos ejemplos que aducía un lingüista tan estimable como Jespersen (1922, xi, 11) a finales del primer cuarto de este siglo, aunque su incidencia es también muy variable dentro de los sistemas que lo adoptan. Las diferencias entre préstamos de los números bajos (< 100) y los altos (> 100) no obedezcan a razones lingüísticas, sino el hecho cultural de que muchos pueblos no han desarrollado designaciones para los números superiores, simplemente porque no los necesitaban; cuando, por razones de contacto con otros, generalmente comerciales, estas necesidades han surgido, han tomado esos nombres de los números en préstamos. No obstante, también los préstamos de números bajos, incluso de la primera decena, son moneda corriente en los contactos entre lenguas, con o sin desdoblamiento de designación. Podemos tratar los préstamos bien como cultismos, como préstamos léxi- cos (con sustitución total o aparición de una nueva forma), como préstamos sintácticos, también totales o parciales, e incluso hablaremos de préstamos de sistema. PRÉSTAMOS LÉXICOS El préstamo léxico es, aparentemente, el más frecuente, aunque luego veremos que no es el fundamental. Puede tratarse de un préstamo esporádico o de un préstamo extenso. Como ejemplo de la primera clase el más extendido es sin duda el nombre del conjunto vacío, cero, que procede de la palabra árabe que significa «vacío», sifr, a través del latín zephirum, con una evolución formal que lo sitúa en el grupo de los cultismos, si bien con ciertas peculiari- dades . -
Request to Encode Tamil Fractions §1. Tamil Numerals and Fractions to Be
Request to encode Tamil fractions Shriramana Sharma, jamadagni-at-gmail-dot-com, India 2010-Sep-09 This document replaces L2/09-376, which requested the encoding of the three major fractions used in Tamil and Grantha in the Tamil block. L2/09-398 from INFITT and L2/09- 416 from ICTA Sri Lanka had recommended that the major and minor Tamil fractions be together encoded in the SMP. In accordance with that, this document requests such an encoding in the SMP of fifteen fractions for Tamil, which includes both the major fractions one quarter, one half and three quarters, as well as minor fractions below one quarter. §1. Tamil numerals and fractions to be re-used for Grantha The Tamil digits 0-9 and Tamil numbers 10, 100 and 1000 are already encoded in the Tamil block in the BMP in the range 0BE6-0BF2. Despite their presence in the Tamil block and script=tamil property, they are used in Grantha texts also, as demonstrated in L2/09-372 p 5. Therefore, these same digits and numbers with the script=tamil property will be used along with Grantha characters (with script=grantha) being proposed separately, as recommended by L2/10-053 p 12 (though not in so many words). As there are already (at least) two precedents in: 1. the Devanagari digits 0966-096F with script=devanagari being used with Kaithi (see also N3438), and 2. the Bengali digits 09E6-09EF with script=bengali being used with Syloti Nagri there should not be a problem in the “Tamil” digits, which are in fact the Tamil-Grantha digits, being used with Grantha text as well.