Mandarin Chinese As a Second Language: a Review of Literature Wesley A
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Chinese Language Learning in the Early Grades
Chinese Language Learning in the Early Grades: A Handbook of Resources and Best Practices for Mandarin Immersion Asia Society is the leading global and pan-Asian organization working to strengthen relationships and promote understanding among the peoples, leaders, and institutions of Asia and the United States. We seek to increase knowledge and enhance dialogue, encourage creative expression, and generate new ideas across the fields of policy, business, education, arts, and culture. The Asia Society Partnership for Global Learning develops youth to be globally competent citizens, workers, and leaders by equipping them with the knowledge and skills needed for success in an increasingly interconnected world. AsiaSociety.org/Chinese © Copyright 2012 by the Asia Society. ISBN 978-1-936123-28-5 Table of Contents 3 Preface PROGRAM PROFILE: By Vivien Stewart 34 The Utah Dual Language Immersion Program 5 Introduction 36 Curriculum and Literacy By Myriam Met By Myriam Met 7 Editors’ Note and List of Contributors PROGRAM PROFILE: 40 Washington Yu Ying Public Charter School 9 What the Research Says About Immersion By Tara Williams Fortune 42 Student Assessment and Program Evaluation By Ann Tollefson, with Michael Bacon, Kyle Ennis, PROGRAM PROFILE: Carl Falsgraf, and Nancy Rhodes 14 Minnesota’s Chinese Immersion Model PROGRAM PROFILE: 16 Basics of Program Design 46 Global Village Charter Collaborative, By Myriam Met and Chris Livaccari Colorado PROGRAM PROFILE: 48 Marketing and Advocacy 22 Portland, Oregon Public Schools By Christina Burton Howe -
The Status of Arabic in the United States of America Post 9/11 and the Impact on Foreign Language Teaching Programs
Advances in Language and Literary Studies ISSN: 2203-4714 Vol. 5 No. 3; June 2014 Copyright © Australian International Academic Centre, Australia The Status of Arabic in the United States of America post 9/11 and the Impact on Foreign Language Teaching Programs Abdel-Rahman Abu-Melhim Department of English Language and Literature Irbid University College, Al-Balqa' Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan 19117 E-mail: [email protected] Doi:10.7575/aiac.alls.v.5n.3p.70 Received: 06/04/2014 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.5n.3p.70 Accepted: 13/05/2014 This work has been carried out during sabbatical leave granted to the author, (Abdel-Rahman Abu-Melhim), from Al-Balqa' Applied University, (BAU), during the academic year 2013/2014. Abstract This study aims at investigating the status of Arabic in the United States of America in the aftermath of the 9/11 World Trade Center events. It delves into this topic and identifies the main reasons for the increased demand for learning Arabic. It also determines the impact of the renewed interest in Arabic on foreign language teaching programs. Furthermore, the study identifies the main Arabic language programs established in the U.S. after the events of 9/11, 2001 at various institutions of higher education. The process of data collection relied primarily on information and statistics provided by several authorized professional linguistic organizations based in the U.S. as well as a number of telephone interviews conducted by the researcher. Since September 11, 2001, Arabic language teaching and learning has become the focus of much more attention from the educational community in the United States. -
Language Ideologies, Schooling and Islam in Qatar
Language in the Mirror: Language Ideologies, Schooling and Islam in Qatar Rehenuma Asmi Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy under the executive committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 Rehenuma Asmi All rights reserved ABSTRACT Language in the Mirror: Language Ideologies, Schooling and Islam Rehenuma Asmi My study explores language ideologies in the capital city of Doha, Qatar, where school reform movements are placing greater emphasis on English language acquisition. Through ethnography and a revised theory of language ideologies, I argue that as languages come in greater contact in multi-lingual spaces, mediation must occur between the new and old relationships that are emerging as a result of population growth, policy changes and cross-cultural interactions. I interrogate the development concept of the “knowledge economy” as it is used to justify old and new language ideologies regarding Arabic and English. As Qataris change their education systems in response to the economic development framework of the “knowledge economy,” they are promoting language ideologies that designate English as useful for the economy and “global” citizenship and Qatari Arabic and Standard Arabic as useful for religious and cultural reasons. I argue that Standard English, through its association with the “knowledge economy,” becomes “de-localized” and branded an “international” language. This ideology presents English as a modern language free of the society in which it is embedded, to circulate around the globe. In contrast, Standard Arabic is represented as stiff, archaic language of religious traditions and Qatari Arabic is presented as the language of oral culture and ethnonationalism. -
Cantonese Vs. Mandarin: a Summary
Cantonese vs. Mandarin: A summary JMFT October 21, 2015 This short essay is intended to summarise the similarities and differences between Cantonese and Mandarin. 1 Introduction The large geographical area that is referred to as `China'1 is home to many languages and dialects. Most of these languages are related, and fall under the umbrella term Hanyu (¡£), a term which is usually translated as `Chinese' and spoken of as though it were a unified language. In fact, there are hundreds of dialects and varieties of Chinese, which are not mutually intelligible. With 910 million speakers worldwide2, Mandarin is by far the most common dialect of Chinese. `Mandarin' or `guanhua' originally referred to the language of the mandarins, the government bureaucrats who were based in Beijing. This language was based on the Bejing dialect of Chinese. It was promoted by the Qing dynasty (1644{1912) and later the People's Republic (1949{) as the country's lingua franca, as part of efforts by these governments to establish political unity. Mandarin is now used by most people in China and Taiwan. 3 Mandarin itself consists of many subvarities which are not mutually intelligible. Cantonese (Yuetyu (£) is named after the city Canton, whose name is now transliterated as Guangdong. It is spoken in Hong Kong and Macau (with a combined population of around 8 million), and, owing to these cities' former colonial status, by many overseas Chinese. In the rest of China, Cantonese is relatively rare, but it is still sometimes spoken in Guangzhou. 2 History and etymology It is interesting to note that the Cantonese name for Cantonese, Yuetyu, means `language of the Yuet people'. -
Singapore Mandarin Chinese : Its Variations and Studies
This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Singapore Mandarin Chinese : its variations and studies Lin, Jingxia; Khoo, Yong Kang 2018 Lin, J., & Khoo, Y. K. (2018). Singapore Mandarin Chinese : its variations and studies. Chinese Language and Discourse, 9(2), 109‑135. doi:10.1075/cld.18007.lin https://hdl.handle.net/10356/136920 https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.18007.lin © 2018 John Benjamins Publishing Company. All rights reserved. This paper was published in Chinese Language and Discourse and is made available with permission of John Benjamins Publishing Company. Downloaded on 26 Sep 2021 00:28:12 SGT To appear in Chinese Language and Discourse (2018) Singapore Mandarin Chinese: Its Variations and Studies* Jingxia Lin and Yong Kang Khoo Nanyang Technological University Abstract Given the historical and linguistic contexts of Singapore, it is both theoretically and practically significant to study Singapore Mandarin (SM), an important member of Global Chinese. This paper aims to present a relatively comprehensive linguistic picture of SM by overviewing current studies, particularly on the variations that distinguish SM from other Mandarin varieties, and to serve as a reference for future studies on SM. This paper notes that (a) current studies have often provided general descriptions of the variations, but less on individual variations that may lead to more theoretical discussions; (b) the studies on SM are primarily based on the comparison with Mainland China Mandarin; (c) language contact has been taken as the major contributor of the variation in SM, whereas other factors are often neglected; and (d) corpora with SM data are comparatively less developed and the evaluation of data has remained largely in descriptive statistics. -
Beliefs and Out-Of-Class Language Learning of Chinese-Speaking ESL Learners in Hong Kong
New Horizons in Education. Vol. 60, No.1, May 2012 Beliefs and Out-of-class Language Learning of Chinese-speaking ESL Learners in Hong Kong WU Man-fat, Manfred Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (Haking Wong) Abstract Background: There has been a lack of research on exploring how beliefs about language learning (BALLs) and out-of-class language-learning activities are related. BALLs and out-of-class language-learning activities play an important role in influencing the learning behaviours of learners and learning outcomes. Findings of this study provide useful pedagogical implications for English teaching in Hong Kong. Aim: The aim of the study is to gather information on the BALLs and out-of-class language-learning activities of young adult ESL learners in Hong Kong. Sample: Convenience sampling is adopted in this study of 324 ESL (English as a Second Language) learners undertaking vocational education in Hong Kong. Methods: Surveys on BALLs and out-of-class language-learning activiti Results: Findings indicate that learners held mostly positive beliefs. Watching films and television, reading, listening to English songs, music and radio channels, formal learning and practising speaking with others were the out-of-class language- learning activities reported by subjects that they carried out most frequently. There is an association between BALLs and the implementation of activities. Learners who regarded out-of-class language-learning activities as useful were found to possess more positive beliefs regarding their English learning in terms of BALLI (Beliefs About Language Learning Inventory) items. Learners who implemented out-of-class language-learning activities were found to have more positive beliefs in terms of two factors, Perceived value and nature of learning spoken English and Self-efficacy and expectation about learning English. -
The Languages of Israel : Policy Ideology and Practice Pdf, Epub, Ebook
THE LANGUAGES OF ISRAEL : POLICY IDEOLOGY AND PRACTICE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Bernard Spolsky | 312 pages | 25 Oct 1999 | Channel View Publications Ltd | 9781853594519 | English | Bristol, United Kingdom The Languages of Israel : Policy Ideology and Practice PDF Book Taken together, these critical perspectives and emerging emphases on ideology, ecology, and agency are indeed rich resources for moving the LPP field forward in the new millenium. Discover similar content through these related topics and regions. Urry , John. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii. Modern Language Journal, 82, Skip to main content. Related Middle East and North Africa. Costa , James W. Fettes , p. Musk , Nigel. Language teaching and language revitalization initiatives constitute pressing real world LPP concerns on an unprecedented scale. In Arabic, and not only in Hebrew. Robert , Elen. By Muhammad Amara. Progress in Language Planning: International Perspectives. These publications have become classics in the field, providing accounts of early empirical efforts and descriptive explorations of national LPP cases. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Back from the brink: The revival of endangered languages. As noted above, Cooper introduces acquisition planning as a third planning type , pp. Thanks to British colonization, English used to be one of the official languages of what would become the independent state of Israel, but this changed after Meanwhile, a series of contributions called for greater attention to the role of human agency, and in particular bottom-up agency, in LPP e. Ricento , Thomas K. Office for National Statistics. Jeffries , Lesley , and Brian Walker. Language planning and language ecology. -
Language Management in the People's Republic of China
LANGUAGE AND PUBLIC POLICY Language management in the People’s Republic of China Bernard Spolsky Bar-Ilan University Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, language management has been a central activity of the party and government, interrupted during the years of the Cultural Revolution. It has focused on the spread of Putonghua as a national language, the simplification of the script, and the auxiliary use of Pinyin. Associated has been a policy of modernization and ter - minological development. There have been studies of bilingualism and topolects (regional vari - eties like Cantonese and Hokkien) and some recognition and varied implementation of the needs of non -Han minority languages and dialects, including script development and modernization. As - serting the status of Chinese in a globalizing world, a major campaign of language diffusion has led to the establishment of Confucius Institutes all over the world. Within China, there have been significant efforts in foreign language education, at first stressing Russian but now covering a wide range of languages, though with a growing emphasis on English. Despite the size of the country, the complexity of its language situations, and the tension between competing goals, there has been progress with these language -management tasks. At the same time, nonlinguistic forces have shown even more substantial results. Computers are adding to the challenge of maintaining even the simplified character writing system. As even more striking evidence of the effect of poli - tics and demography on language policy, the enormous internal rural -to -urban rate of migration promises to have more influence on weakening regional and minority varieties than campaigns to spread Putonghua. -
Jade Huang and Chinese Culture Identity: Focus on the Myth of “Huang of Xiahoushi”
Journal of Literature and Art Studies, June 2016, Vol. 6, No. 6, 603-618 doi: 10.17265/2159-5836/2016.06.003 D DAVID PUBLISHING Jade Huang and Chinese Culture Identity: Focus on the Myth of “Huang of Xiahoushi” TANG Qi-cui, WU Yu-wei Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China This paper focus on the myth of “Huang of Xiahoushi” (夏后氏之璜), focusing on the distribution of Jade Huang (玉璜) since the early neolithic and its process of pluralistic integration. The paper explores the story of ethnic group, cultural identification and the significance of Jade Huang in the discourse construction of etiquette civilization behind the mythic narrative based on multi-evidence method and the local meaning of literature in ancient Chinese context. Keywords: Jade Huang, Huang of Xiahoushi, unified diversity, Chinese identity, etiquette civilization, multi-evidence method Introduction Modern archeological relics including potteries, jades and bronzes bring back the lost history; the process of how Chinese unified diversity took shape in general and the great tradition of jade culture in eight thousand in particular. The handed-down documents echo each other at a distance provide solid evidences for the origin of civilization of rite and music and the core values based on jade belief. Jade Huang is an important one of it. It is illuminated by numerous records about Jade Huang in ancient literature, as well as a large number of archaeology findings past 7,000 years. The paper seeks to focus on the following questions: what is the function of Jade Huang in historic and prehistoric period? Moreover, what is the function of “Huang of Xiahoushi”, which belonged to emperor and symbolized special power in historic documents and myths and legends in ancient china? Jade Huang: Etiquette and Literature Jade Huang (Yu Huang, Semi-circular/annular Jade Pendant) is a type of jade artifact which is seemed to be remotely related to etiquette and literature. -
China's Capacity to Manage Infectious Diseases
China’s Capacity to Manage Infectious Diseases CENTER FOR STRATEGIC & Global Implications CSIS INTERNATIONAL STUDIES A Report of the CSIS Freeman Chair in China Studies 1800 K Street | Washington, DC 20006 PROJECT DIRECTOR Tel: (202) 887-0200 | Fax: (202) 775-3199 Charles W. Freeman III E-mail: [email protected] | Web: www.csis.org PROJECT EDITOR Xiaoqing Lu March 2009 ISBN 978-0-89206-580-6 CENTER FOR STRATEGIC & Ë|xHSKITCy065806zv*:+:!:+:! CSIS INTERNATIONAL STUDIES China’s Capacity to Manage Infectious Diseases Global Implications A Report of the CSIS Freeman Chair in China Studies PROJECT DIRECTOR Charles W. Freeman III PROJECT EDITOR Xiaoqing Lu March 2009 About CSIS In an era of ever-changing global opportunities and challenges, the Center for Strategic and Inter- national Studies (CSIS) provides strategic insights and practical policy solutions to decisionmak- ers. CSIS conducts research and analysis and develops policy initiatives that look into the future and anticipate change. Founded by David M. Abshire and Admiral Arleigh Burke at the height of the Cold War, CSIS was dedicated to the simple but urgent goal of finding ways for America to survive as a nation and prosper as a people. Since 1962, CSIS has grown to become one of the world’s preeminent public policy institutions. Today, CSIS is a bipartisan, nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C. More than 220 full-time staff and a large network of affiliated scholars focus their expertise on defense and security; on the world’s regions and the unique challenges inherent to them; and on the issues that know no boundary in an increasingly connected world. -
Structural Features of Chinese Language
Structural Features of Chinese Language ─Why Chinese Spoken Language Processing is Special and Where We Are Lin-shan Lee Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei E-Mail : [email protected] ABSTRACT languages in various structural features. It is not Chinese language is quite different from many western alphabetic. Large number of Chinese characters are languages in various structural features. It is not ideographic symbols. The monosyllabic structure with alphabetic. Large number of Chinese characters are tones, the open vocabulary nature, the flexible wording ideographic symbols. The monosyllabic structure, the structure, and the flexibilities in word ordering are good open vocabulary nature, the flexible wording structure examples of the structural features of Chinese language. with tones, and the flexibilities in word ordering are It is believed that better results and performance will be good examples of the structural features of Chinese obtainable in developing spoken Chinese language language. It is believed that better results and processing technology, if such structural features of the performance will be obtainable in developing Chinese language can be well considered. This paper reviews spoken language processing technology, if such such structural features of Chinese language, presents structural features of the language can be well an integrated framework for Chinese spoken language considered. This paper reviews such structural features processing technology developments based on such of Chinese language, presents an integrated framework structural features, considers the general trend toward a for Chinese spoken language processing technology future network era, and summarizes the current status on developments based on such structural features, various spoken language processing tasks including considers the general trend toward a future network era, dictation. -
AVAILABLE from a Handbook for Teaching Cantonese-Speaking
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 253 117 FL 014 871 TITLE A Handbook for Teaching Cantonese-Speaking Children. INSTITUTION California State Dept. of Education, Sacramento. Bilingual Education Office. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, DC. PUB DATE 84 NOTE 84p. AVAILABLE FROMPublications Sales, California State Dcpartment of Education, P.O. Box 271, Sacramento, CA 95802-0271 ($4.50, plus tax for California residents). PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use- Guides (For Teachers) (052) EDRS PRICE M701 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Bilingual Education; *Cantonese; Classroom Techniques; Elementary Secondary Education; *English (Second Language); Immigrants; Language Skills; Limited English Speaking; *Native Language Instruction; Political Influences; *Second Language Instruction; *Sociocultural Patterns ABSTRACT This handbook is designed to assist California's public school teachers of limited-English-speaking native Cantonese-speaking students in understanding this minoritygroup. The first two chapters address general background factors concerning this language group: immigration history, educational background, and historical and sociocultural tactors of the group in general and also specifically in Hong Kong, the People's Republic of China, Vietnam, and California. Chapter III outlines linguistic characteristics of the Cantonese language; Chapter IV recommends instructional and curricular strategies for Cantonese language development, teaching students to read in Cantonese, writing Chinese characters, writing skills