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e-ISSN 2549-7529 | p-ISSN 1412-0313 50 Jurnal Geografi Gea, Volume 21, Nomor 1, April 2021 https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/gea

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TEACHER STRATEGIES IN MAINTAINING SUNDANESE CULTURE IN THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL REGION I WEST

Yola Puspitasari1, Muhammad Zid2, Ode Sofyan Hardi3 123Geography Education, Faculty Of Social Science, Universitas Negeri , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

ABSTRACT This research aims to analyze the implementation of teacher strategies in maintaining Sundanese Culture in , at Senior High Schools in Region I West Java. The research method used was descriptive-qualitative with literature study. Data collection techniques were done through interviews, documentation, and examining secondary data as complementary data. The results showed that territory that were further away from the Priangan/ area such as City, and parts of which bordered by and Depok, has cultural acculturation and it was difficult to maintain , so that this region places great emphasis on Sundanese arts and traditional clothes. To instill a love “nyaah” or love of Sundanese culture, namely by implementing Sundanese art activity program strategies and competitions on Sundanese culture in schools by adjusting the language used in the area, namely Indonesian with the Betawinese dialect. Meanwhile for territory of closer Priangan/Bandung like the City, Bogor City, , , and parts of which border Cianjur-Sukabumi, there is no difficulty that the maintenance of Sundanese culture, because the majority of students in this region is the original . Yet these areas implement strategy in the use of language in accordance undak-usuk or origin of Sundanese language through a lesson and outside of a lesson, and focused on aspects art and Sundanese traditional clothes, with an implement strategy through activity program pasanggiri kasundaan (competition on Sundanese) and art Sundanese at school. Keywords: Sundanese Culture, Strategy Implementation, School.

INTRODUCTION attitudes and arts. Sundanese people are is a country that has cultural known to love art and have a friendly, diversity in it. According to (sudiadi, 2009), affectionate and emotional personality the diversity of cultures, ethnicities, and (koentjaraningrat, 2015). differences in indonesia is characterized by However, in modern times, sundanese the presence of thousands of islands. As for culture and the use of sundanese language the diversity of tribes and cultures, starting are beginning to be unrecognized in with the javanese, sundanese, betawinese, sundanese life, even among students, madurese, bataknese, and many more. especially at the high school level. This is Sundanese culture according reinforced by opinion, (rosidi, ekadjati, & (ekadjati, 2009), “is a culture that generally alwasilah, 2006), “that the sundanese resides in west java. The area is also often language is still considered difficult for high referred to as tanah pasundan or tatar school level students to understand, sunda". In general, the sundanese are according to him, in this case the role of reflected in everyday life through language, government is very important. The west java Yola. P, M. Zid, O. Sofyan Implementation of teacher strategies… 51

provincial government can imitate the has a variety of cultures in aesthetics, ethics, provincial government's policy and in discipline. This is influenced by high of producing high school graduates and low quality and quantity of natural interested in javanese literature majoring to resources, so that it affects the formation of improve the quality of teaching local unique and typical of region where they are content”. “there are four territorial division in west The west java division i which java province coordinating board according includes sukabumi city, bogor city, depok to government development/bakor pp city, cianjur regency, sukabumi regency, (pemprov jabar, 2017) that is, the people and bogor regency has various cultural residing in this area are more diverse in characteristics of each region. The people terms of cultural diversity, natural living in this area are more diverse in terms environment and geographic area. So that of cultural diversity, language, natural this region has a higher acculturation mix of environment and geographic area. various ethnic groups and immigrants.this is According to (rosidi, ekadjati, & a challenge in maintaining the original alwasilah, 2006), thought that “the cultural culture of west java, namely the sundanese behavior of every human being in an area culture. (ranjabar, 2006).

Table 1. Territorial division of West Java Province Territorial division of West Java Province, according to Bakor PP (2008) Area I Bogor Bogor Regency, Bogor City, Depok City, Sukabumi Regency, Sukabumi City, Cianjur Regency. Area II , , Regency, Regency, Bekasi City. Area III , Cirebon City, Regency, Regency, Regency Area IV Priangan , Bandung City. City, Kab. West Bandung, Regency, Regency, Regency, Tasikmalaya City, Regency, Regency, Banjar City. Source: Pemprov Jabar (2017)

However, the implementation of namely as a more heterogeneous area in strategies in preserving Sundanese culture is terms of cultural acculturation. The research currently considered very weak, this is also was carried out in January-September 2020 influenced by the placement of inappropriate Research Subject strategy implementation. So, this research is In this research, the subjects used as important to do and researchers formulate the data sources were selected using purposive existing problems, namely about "How to sampling technique. The purposive sampling Implementation of School Strategies in technique was chosen by the researcher Maintaining Sundanese Culture in the Senior because it requires special consideration to High School Region I West Java" the research subject in order to provide information in accordance with the research RESEARCH METHODS objectives. The research was conducted in the Including consideration are: senior high schools Region I, West Java 1. Senior High School (SMA) which still Province which includes senior high school applies the values of Sundanese cultural from the regency/city as the research traditions. location. This location was chosen because it 2. Education providers include has the criteria needed by researchers, representatives of school principals who 5520 Jurnal Geografi Gea, Volume 21, Nomor 1, April 2021

are selected based on city and district (Teachers of Sundanese language and zoning. literature subjects). 3. Providers of education teaching 4. Chairman of MGMP Sundanese West Sundanese Language and Culture Java.

Figure 1. Research Location Map

Table 2. Research Subject No Key Informants Supporting Informants Amount 1 Chairman of MGMP Sundanese 1 West Java 2 Teacher of Language 6 Sundanese 3 School Principal 2 Amount 9 Source. Research Results (2020) Yola. P, M. Zid, O. Sofyan Implementation of teacher strategies… 53 This research uses the qualitative descriptive method with literature study. The descriptive method according to Nurazizah & Darsiharjo, 2018 is to analyze data and phenomena that are happening in an environment. This study uses a qualitative approach, aimed to analyze events from the thoughts of an individual or group, Sukmadinata in (Rosali & Mainaki, 2019). The data obtained is in the form of an explanation of the information obtained from the informant/resource person regarding the implementation of school strategies in Figure 2. Triangulation Of Research Subject maintaining Sundanese culture in the senior high school division I West Java region. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION Sources of data obtained in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. Implementation of School Strategies in Primary data obtained included open West Java Division I Senior High Schools interviews with open questionnaires which Based on the research results obtained, there were answered clearly and in writing by are 3 area classifications that still apply informants through the google form platform. Sundanese culture along with the This technique is used considering the current implementation of their strategies, in the condition of the Covid-19 pandemic, and division I region of West Java Province, which through documentation. Meanwhile, are viewed based on the location of the region. secondary data obtained, among others, 1. Green Zone. through literature studies such as books, Areas included in this zone include research final assignments, articles, scientific Cianjur Regency, Sukabumi City and documents with sources that can be justified. Sukabumi Regency which borders Cianjur The data analysis technique used in this Regency such as (Sukaraja District, research was carried out through three analysis Sukalarang District, Kebon Pedes District, activities, namely through data reduction, data Geger Bitung District). These areas are display/data presentation, and drawing adjacent to the Priangan area (Bandung), conclusions or verification. This technical Therefore it is grouped in the Sundanese analysis is carried out because it is able to Munlok classification (Dinas Pendidikan provide an overview of school strategies Jawa Barat, 2017) categorized as Area A, implementation in maintaining Sundanese where the use of the language still based on culture in accordance with the objectives and the Sundanese lulugu/standard Sundanese needs that the researcher wants to get. After all which is used as the main Sundanese the data has been collected, a source language in West Java Province. triangulation technique is carried out by The majority of students in this region comparing all data sources obtained from still use Sundanese as a means of different sources.The triangulation between communication, although for some students researchers is done to test the results of they still use slang Sundanese in the school research by trianggulator expert in the environment in short chats with peers. Sundanese field, namely by Prof. Dr. Sc. H.M. There is an implementation of the school's Ahman Sya, M.Pd., M.Sc..This technique is strategy in the use of language, namely by intended to verify the data already collected by teaching gradually in using good and researchers. correct Sundanese, when communicating at school, through cultural greeting programs such as “Damang Kasep/Geulis kanyaah Ibu/Bapak?“ which means “How are you doing boys/girls?, our dear students''. Through the Sundanese month pasanggiri program (Sundanese-themed literacy 5546 Jurnal Geografi Gea, Volume 21, Nomor 1, April 2021 competition) such as poetry writing The use of Sundanese in this area competitions, poetry reading, and can still be maintained even though the Sundanese songs. However, because the Sundanese dialect is different from the majority of students in this region are native areas in the green zone. Sundanese culture Sundanese, this is not a big problem to in this region can also be maintained overcome, so that the use of Sundanese in through Sundanese arts and clothing, the this area can still be maintained. Sundanese implementation of strategies in culture in this region can still be maintained maintaining Sundanese culture in this through Sundanese arts and Sundanese region by implementing and participating traditional clothes. As for the in Sundanese competition activities, for implementation of strategies in maintaining example jaipong dance competitions, Sundanese Culture in this region by pupuh competitions, etc. As well as implementing and participating in introducing Sundanese Culture through Sundanese Cultural competition activities. Sundanese extracurricular activities. 2. Yellow Zone. 3. Red Zone The areas included in this zone The area included in this zone include the neighboring Sukabumi includes Depok City and parts of Bogor Regency (Sukabumi City-Bogor Regency which borders it (Depok City, Regency-Banten), Bogor Regency Bogor City, Bekasi, Banten). The location (bordering Cianjur Regency-Sukabumi of these areas is closer to the DKI Jakarta Regency), and Bogor City. Where the Province, which means that the area has location of these areas are slightly shifted cultural acculturation, which is dominated from the Priangan area (Bandung), by the Betawinese Culture. This is in line therefore they are grouped in the with previous research by (Zid & Sundanese Munlok classification (Dinas Saifuddin, Relasi Regionalisasi Pendidikan Jawa Barat, 2017), and Kebudayaan Dalam Praktik Sosial categorized as Area B, where in the use of Masyarakat: Studi Awal terhadap Jaring- the language we still use the Sundanese Jaring Kebudayaan-Sosial Masyarakat di wewengkon or Sundanese language Wilayah Nodal Jakarta, Bogor, Depok considered different for the type of , dan Bekasi, 2014) suggested Sundanese Loma (Sundanese language that socio-geographically, the City of which is usually used by people who are Depok and Bogor Regency bordering considered familiar). Jakarta, such as Bekasi and Tangerang, is The majority of students in this in line with the theory of the melting pot, area still use Sundanese as a means of where the areas with a very strategic communication, although for some geographical location is a place for students they still use Sundanese slang in interaction between various ethnic groups the school environment in short chats with and cultural identity that affect each other. peers. There is an implementation of Depok and some districts adjacent to school strategies in the use of language, Bogor (Depok City, Bekasi and Banten) namely by teaching gradually in using are administratively part of West Java Sundanese language properly and Province. Therefore, in the Sundanese correctly, when communicating at school. munlok the area included in this zone In addition, it also teaches for nyaah (love) includes Depok City and parts of Bogor the Sundanese language which is Regency which borders it (Depok City, implemented through the tradition of Bogor City, Bekasi, Banten). The location implementing greetings and greetings of these areas is closer to the DKI Jakarta every morning at school using Sundanese Province, which means that the area has such as "Sampurasun/rampes" which cultural acculturation, which is dominated means “excuse me/please” and getting by the Betawinese Culture. This is in line used of communicating with Sundanese with previous research by (Zid & language in the school environment. Saifuddin, Relasi Regionalisasi Yola. P, M. Zid, O. Sofyan Implementation of teacher strategies… 575 5 Kebudayaan Dalam Praktik Sosial students' understanding in understanding Masyarakat: Studi Awal terhadap Jaring- Sundanese language and culture. Jaring Kebudayaan-Sosial Masyarakat di Sundanese language can be used Wilayah Nodal Jakarta, Bogor, Depok when teaching. Teachers can use Tangerang, dan Bekasi, 2014) suggested with Sundanese that socio-geographically, the City of prefaces, so that students can adjust with Depok and Bogor Regency bordering their level of understanding in the region Jakarta, such as Bekasi and Tangerang, is of the school. Another strategy in line with the theory of the melting pot, implementation is applying Sundanese where the areas with a very strategic Cultural greetings with easily understood geographical location is a place for sentences, that are easy to remember and interaction between various ethnic groups understand by students, such as the and cultural identity that affect each other. sentence "wilujeng enjing and wilujeng Depok and some districts adjacent to sonten" which means good morning and Bogor (Depok City, Bekasi and Banten) good afternoon, "Punten" means are administratively part of West Java “sorry/excuse me", and “Hatur nuhun" Province. Therefore, in the Sundanese which means “Thank you”. munlok (Local content) (Dinas Other Sundanese cultures that can Pendidikan Jawa Barat, 2017), this region still be maintained are Sundanese arts and is categorized as Area C, where the use of Sundanese traditional clothes. The the language based on Sundanese application of strategies in wewengkon or informal Sundanese Maintaining Sundanese culture in language with the infuence of Indonesian this region can be done by introducing or local dialects (Malay/Betawi). Sundanese activities in schools through The majority of students in this (Local content) (Dinas Pendidikan Jawa region use Indonesian (Malay-Betawi) as Barat, 2017), this region is categorized as a means of communication, but in this area Area C, where the use of the language Sundanese is still used by some teachers, based on Sundanese wewengkon or school principals, and school officials who informal Sundanese language with the can only speak Sundanese. infuence of Indonesian or local dialects This is in line with previous research (Malay/Betawi). by (Sudarma, Wahya, Citraresmana, The majority of students in this Indira, Muhtadin, & Lyra, 2019), that region use Indonesian (Malay-Betawi) as philosophically, as time passed, science a means of communication, but in this area and technology as well as globalization Sundanese is still used by some teachers, affects the habits and attitudes of society school principals, and school officials who which means experiencing social change. can only speak Sundanese. (Soekanto in (Zid, et al., 2017), Sundanese This is in line with previous research language which is geographically spread by (Sudarma, Wahya, Citraresmana, in West Java, Banten, and the border of Indira, Muhtadin, & Lyra, 2019), that West Java and Central Java Banten faces philosophically, as time passed, science various problems. The existence of and technology as well as globalization Indonesian as the national language and affects the habits and attitudes of society the state language also influences the life which means experiencing social change. of the Sundanese language, as well as (Soekanto in (Zid, et al., 2017), Sundanese Sundanese culture. language which is geographically spread There is an implementation of the in West Java, Banten, and the border of school's strategy in using language, West Java and Central Java Banten faces namely by holding the Nyunda Day various problems. The existence of program (a special day for Sundanese Indonesian as the national language and Language) which aims to facilitate the state language also influences the life 56 Jurnal Geografi Gea, Volume 21, Nomor 1, April 2021 of the Sundanese language, as well as recommended by the west java provincial Sundanese culture. government, which also includes the There is an implementation of the sundanese pasanggiri (sundanese competition) school's strategy in using language, at schools, which aims to maintain sundanese namely by holding the Nyunda Day culture in order to remain exist in the region. program (a special day for Sundanese Meanwhile for areas near to the Language) which aims to facilitate priangan/bandung such as sukabumi city, students' understanding in understanding bogor city, cianjur regency, sukabumi regency, Sundanese language and culture. and some bogor districts bordering cianjur- Sundanese language can be used sukabumi, there is no difficulty in maintaining when teaching. Teachers can use sundanese culture, because the majority of Indonesian language with Sundanese students in this region are native sundanese. prefaces, so that students can adjust with this region implements strategies in the use of their level of understanding in the region language through classroom lessons and of the school. Another strategy outdoor lessons, cultural greeting programs, implementation is applying Sundanese sundanese art activities, and holding Cultural greetings with easily understood pasanggiri (sundanese competitions) in school sentences, that are easy to remember and to maintain the authenticity of sundanese understand by students, such as the culture. sentence "wilujeng enjing and wilujeng sonten" which means good morning and RECOMMENDATION good afternoon, "Punten" means 1. For schools: “sorry/excuse me", and “Hatur nuhun" In order to optimize the application of which means “Thank you”. strategy in Depok and Bogor areas that are Other Sundanese cultures that can influenced by acculturation, it is suggested to still be maintained are Sundanese arts and introduce language and culture Sundanese Sundanese traditional clothes. The through utilization of media that depicts the application of strategies in natural environment, social programs, and Maintaining Sundanese culture in cultural programs that still enlivening this region can be done by introducing Sundanese culture. It aims primary school Sundanese activities in schools through students to be able to interact directly with the native Sundanese in West Java, that they know CONCLUSIONS that the use of language and cultural. There are some areas closer to jakarta, 2. For Researchers: such as depok city, some bogor districts Further research is suggested to make bordering banten, bekasi and depok, there will observations. Observations are made to be cultural acculturation, which creates more determine cultural differences in each school diversity especially in the language. so that this in the West Java division I through direct region places great emphasis on aspects of observations in the field, so that the data sundanese culture such as sundanese arts and obtained would be completer and more in- traditional clothing. as for the implementation depth. of the strategy, namely, habituating daily sundanese culture (smile, greetings, courtesy, REFERENCES and politeness) in sundanese such as Dinas Pendidikan Jawa Barat. 2017. sampurasun and rampes (excuse me and Kurikulum Tingkat Daerah MunLok please), wilujeng enjing and sonten (good Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Dan Sastra morning and good afternoon), hatur nuhun Sunda Berbasis Kurikulum 2013 Revisi (thank you), holding and introducing 2017 Jenjang SMA/SMK/MA/MAK. sundanese art activity programs such as Jawa Barat: Dinas Pendidikan. , kakawihan (sundanese Ekadjati, S. 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