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Nordic Heritage Museum Nordic American Voices Interview of Jan

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Nordic Heritage Museum Nordic American Voices Interview of Jan Nordic Heritage Museum Nordic American Voices Interview of Jan Brekke On June 15, 2013 At Seattle, Washington Interviewed by Gordon C. Strand Gordon Strand : [0:03] Today is June 15, 2013. We are at the Nordic Heritage Museum and I will be interviewing Jan Brekke for the Nordic American Voices Oral History Project. Jan, welcome. Thank you for participating in our project. Could you first identify yourself? Give us your name. [0:24] When you were born, and where you are born? Jan Brekke : [In Norwegian: My name is Jan Brekke, born in Horten, Norway, on July 17, 1932.] [0:27] I'm very pleased to be here. I have just returned from Norway because history and tradition is very important. I saw the flags out in this room here -- these Nordic flags. Every one of those countries has played an important role in my life. [1:13] The statement is and I quote, "It is useful to remember that history is to a nation as memory is to an individual. A person deprived of memory becomes disoriented and lost, not knowing where they are going, so a nation denied a concept of the past will be disabled in dealing with the present and its future." [1:52] It goes on. "The longer you can look back, the further you can look forward," said Winston Churchill. The first part was said by Arthur Schlesinger, historian. He was President John F. Kennedy's adviser. I would like to give you some of the events that has shaped my life. It has partly been outside my control. [2:33] It has been world events that somehow shaped me. I will start reading a letter that was written in April 11, 1940. That was two days after we [Norway] were invaded by the Germans. [3:00] My father was a submarine captain. His name is Gunnar Brekke. He was on board a submarine called B3. Here he writes in the letter: "My dearest mother and father," and I think maybe I will try to read it in English translation, "the war has raged for three days now." That happened to be up in Narvik area. [3:43] "So far we have managed to survive. My thoughts are with you in the south. All communications is broken -- impossible to send you a cable or telephone. But I feel confident that you at Brekka Farm is safe. Nordic American Voices Page 1 of 17 [4:05] God gives that Mosse," that was my mother, "and my small children would have been with you. I'm so desperately afraid for them. After the bombardment of Horten and The Center For The War Activity...And I lived and was part of the invasion in Horten." Gordon : [4:36] Jan could you tell us approximately where that is in Norway then, where you were living? Jan : [4:42] Horten is along the Oslofjord. It was a navy base for many, many years. As I said, my father was a navy captain on a submarine. It's on the west side of the fjord. I always wonder what kind of a guy my father was. [5:19] He was born in 1899 in Arendal. In Norway, he was kind of regarded as a vamp. He's kind of a delinquent. As far as when he graduated from high school, he got a non-passing grade in behavior. [5:45] That's a non-passing grade in behavior, so much so that his sister had to go and pick up his diploma because he escaped and went to sea. That was during World War I, 1914-18. [6:12] He got one advice from a friend. You see that was the “torpedo war” in the North Sea. Norway was neutral, but they were attacked by German submarines. His advice was if you get torpedoed and get in a lifeboat, you must row all the time, or you will die of hypothermia. [6:53] [The ship was torpedoed]. My father then, he rowed for three days nonstop. He ended up at the navy academy in Horten. Gordon : [7:07] This is after World War I? Jan : [7:09] This is after World War I, yes. Up north in Narvik, in April of 1940, he was not able to escape with the submarine to England which he intended to do. They sank their submarine. [7:44] They thought the war was going to be very short, so they opened a hatch in the front of the submarine so that it went down with the bow first. It stood on the bottom because they wanted to retrieve it when this war was over. [8:10] They were not able to bring the submarine to England because of the damage that had been caused in Narvik. He was put in a detention camp with General Ruge and all the Norwegian military officers. [8:39] General Ruge said, "You need to give a promise to the Germans that you will never fight them, or[the alternative,] you will be sent to German concentration camps. General Ruge said, "I cannot do that." My father and the rest of them gave their word, and he came home to Horten a month later to the family. [9:17] The first thing, he was planning his escape to get to Britain -- to England. Nordic American Voices Page 2 of 17 Gordon : [9:25] How old are you at that point, Jan? Jan : [9:27] I was eight years old. He found a place up in a valley in Norway called Sigdal. It was a valley that ended up in...It was not a true valley as Hallingdal, or Numedal, or Gudbrandsdal because he felt that could be a safe place for us to be. [10:09] He took a job in civil defense on Moss. Moss is across a fjord from Horten on the east side. It was at Moss Shipyard. He had already established how to escape. He had been there about three of four months. One night, he took a bus towards the Swedish border. [10:45] There he met a guide, and through the woods, he then walked towards the border. [10:54] The guide said, "You walk hundred yards in that direction, and you are in Sweden." We didn't hear from him directly [for five years]. [11:12] Father had an acquaintance in Sundsvald, a lady. She took letters when he was in England and rewrote them and telling about “Uncle” -- what he was doing in very disguised language. [11:33] My mother also received, and we don't know where it came from and how it came, but every month she received an allowance so that we had something to live on for those five years. Gordon : [11:50] You had moved to Sigdal. Is that correct? Jan : [11:52] Yes, we had moved to Sigdal. As far as my life in Horten -- as my father referred to in that letter -- we were bombarded. Horten, the navy station was bombed by the Germans. I was born in the [navy] hospital. That received a hit. [12:44] By the way, John Sjong that lives here in Seattle, he was also born there because he was a son of a navy man who actually later perished in the war. At 4:00 in the morning, we heard the sirens. We heard a colossal gun warning shot, and we escaped down into the basement. [13:17] That was a time when the Germans are coming up the Oslofjord with Blücher . That was a big cruiser bringing the German government to Oslo. However, it never docked there. [Blücher .was sank at Drøbak. Gordon : [13:39] Was there a worry that this was going to happen, or was it a total surprise? Jan : [13:43] Total surprise, but of course, it was building up because we had a foreign minister in Norway. Very much like Chamberlain, he had been to Germany. He came home with a piece of paper and said, "There is nothing to be concerned about." [14:05] We experience what was called the Blitzkrieg. It came suddenly. We know what happened to Nordic American Voices Page 3 of 17 the King and the Parliament. They escaped to Elverum and so on. When we were in the basement there, there was a ship called Olaf Tryggvason, a [Norwegian] navy ship. [14:35] [cuts off] Part II Gordon: [0:00] OK. Jan Brekke : [0:06] Olaf Tryggvason was in the harbor, and a German munition boat had come outside the harbor. This is a drawing from before the war, and it's by O. Sorensen , he was an illustrator with Aftenposten. This was one of the guns that fired at that German munition boat, and it exploded, and our basement door was ripped open, and a piece of the door was missing because of the size of the explosion. Gordon: [1:02] Were you living in what was like base housing, or was it... Jan Brekke : [1:06] No, we lived in our house, and let me just finish the story. [1:21] When the hostilities stopped, we came out in the street, and at one end was the Germans, they had landed troops and we could see them [in one end of the road]. In the other end was the Norwegian that had set up machine guns, and we were in the middle, but we had to make our way. My mother -- and we were three children -- we came down town Horten, but all the windows in all the stores in Horten were broken of this blast.
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