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Upper Nile State, South Sudan Key Findings

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Upper Nile State, South Sudan Key Findings Situation Overview: Upper Nile State, South Sudan January - March 2019 Map 1: Assessment coverage in UNS in refugee returns, from 56% to 72%. Introduction METHODOLOGY January (A), February (B) and March 2019 (C) In the first quarter of 2019, Upper Nile State The population movements seen in the first To provide an overview of the situation in hard- (UNS) saw population inflows from neighbouring quarter may exacerbate the high food security to-reach areas of Upper Nile State (UNS), A B and livelihoods (FSL) needs across UNS. REACH uses primary data from key informants Sudan and Ethiopia combined with localised Manyo insecurity in parts of the state. Data on needs Poor rains and a shortened growing season who have recently arrived from, recently visited, in the last quarter of 20181 combined with high or receive regular information from a settlement in UNS is required to inform the humanitarian Renk market prices2 in the first quarter has resulted or “Area of Knowledge” (AoK). Information for response. However, information gaps exist this report was collected from key informants in due to different regional dynamics and limited in the proportion of assessed western bank settlements reporting adequate access to food Malakal PoC site in Upper Nile State in January, access throughout much of the state. Melut February and March 2019. falling from 29% in December to just 17% in Maban To inform humanitarian actors working outside Malakal Fashoda March. As a result, many settlements reported In-depth interviews on humanitarian needs were conducted throughout the month using formal settlement sites, REACH has conducted Panyikang Baliet relying on displacement camps or other coping a structured survey tool. After data collection assessments of hard-to-reach areas in South strategies to meet their needs. 0 - 4.9% Longochuk was completed, all data was aggregated at Sudan since December 2015. Data is collected 5 - 10% Luakpiny/ In addition, protection concerns persisted, settlement level, and settlements were assigned on a monthly basis through interviews with 11 - 20% Maiwut Nasir the modal or most credible response. When no 21 - 50% Ulang largely centred on SGBV for women and intra- key informants with knowledge of a settlement consensus could be found for a settlement, that and triangulated with focus group discussions 51 - 100% C communal violence for men across assessed Assessed settlement settlement was not included in reporting. (FGDs). This Situation Overview uses this data areas of UNS. Meanwhile, assessed settlements in parts of the western bank reported increased Only counties with interview coverage of at to analyse changes in observed humanitarian often presented across two geographic 3 concerns for the forced recruitment of boys and least 5% of all settlements in a given month needs across UNS in the first quarter of 2019. zones in UNS: the western bank (Panyikang, were included in analysis. Due to access and intra-communal violence for men in quarter one. Primary data was triangulated with secondary Malakal, Fashoda and Manyo counties) and operational constraints, the specific settlements information and past REACH assessments. southeastern UNS (Nasir and Ulang counties). Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) assessed within each county each month vary. In order to reduce the likelihood that variations The REACH team consistently covered needs remained high, particularly in western Key Findings in data are attributable to coverage differences, Panyikang, Malakal, Fashoda, Manyo, Ulang bank counties, with 81% of those assessed Internal displacement continued in UNS settlements in March reporting their main over time analyses were only conducted for and Nasir counties from January to March 4 throughout the quarter, with a large majority source of water to be rivers. Likewise, only 19% counties with at least 70% consistent payam of 2019 (Map 1). Information by sector is coverage over the period. of assessed settlements reporting the current of assessed settlements reported residents Quantitative findings were triangulated with # of key informant interviews conducted: 408 presence of IDPs in March (80%). The used latrines, which has increased the risk of FGDs and secondary sources. # of assessed settlements: 188 proportion of assessed settlements reporting waterborne diseases. Of assessed western IDP returns increased, from 50% in December, bank settlements in March, 26% reported a More details of the methodology can be found # of counties covered: 6 (of 12) in the AoK ToRs. to 77% in March; as did the proportion reporting waterborne disease as the most common # of focus group discussions conducted: 8 1. According to FGD participants interviewed in Malakal PoC site, January 2019. 2. DRC, Tonga Rapid Assessment Report, February 2019 and primary reports from key informants interviews 3. To calculate the percentage of AoK coverage, the total number of settlements per county is based on OCHA settlement lists in addition to new settlements mapped by KIs reached each month. 4. Payams are the administrative unit at the sub-county level in South Sudan. cause of death. monitoring in Renk Town tracks population in December, with a peak of an average of 41 first quarter, from 45% in December, to 75% by flows between and through Renk and Sudan individuals per day recorded entering South March. Of those settlements reporting refugee The most commonly reported health problem (primarily from Khartoum and White Nile Sudan. This corresponded to an increase returns, in March 53% reported the most recent across assessed UNS settlements was malaria region refugee camps)6. Data from this activity in the proportion of assessed western bank arrivals had arrived in the last three months, as (42% in March), corresponding with poor suggests an increase in inflows via Renk town settlements reporting refugee returns over the compared with 12% in December. shelter conditions and a lack of mosquito nets. Of assessed settlements in southeastern UNS Map 2: Movement into, out of, and within UNS, January-March 2019 However, inbound movements through Renk with IDPs, 76% reported some IDPs sleeping in Town in the first quarter of persons intended to the open and 28% reported mosquito nets as eee eee en stay for more than six months then continued, I en the most needed Non-Food Items (NFIs). een albeit at a declining rate, with an average of 21 per day in February7 (compared with 41 in On the other hand, the proportion of assessed en een n n Manyo !enk December). Population movements were likely settlements across UNS reporting access to e n ! reduced by political unrest in Sudan beginning education increased from 25% in December, Inenn n Wadekona in late 2018 and the formal closure of the border to 43% in March. This may be due to increased ! n ! eeen Renk crossing in mid-March, with inflows expected mobility discussed in the next section. Ô en n e to resume at higher levels should movement . 8 Population Movement and Ô eee restrictions loosen in coming months. Displacement e Sudan n Many of the return movements from Sudan Swamp aka ! appeared to be largely driven by high In the first quarter of 2019, relatively improved ! humanitarian needs in the refugee camps. security following localised confidence-building Akurwa ! Paloch Return movements to the area around Kaka measures5 between armed actors across parts Melut Aburoc in Manyo County from refugee camps in White of UNS, coupled with seasonal road passability ! Nile and South Kordofan regions of Sudan were during the dry season, contributed to enabling !Maban Malakal Fashoda!odok Maban reportedly pushed by the deterioration of living an apparent continuation of population Lul ! conditions inside the camps including food Wau Shilluk movements seen at the end of 2018 (Map 2). Unity ! Upper Nile 9 Pariang Panyikang security and protection concerns . Similary, In addition, cross-border movement appeared onga ÆÔ Malakal ! Dor returnees to Tonga from the South Kordofan ! ! Baliet to be driven by an array of push and pull factors New Fangak ! Udir! Diel region reported increasingly poor conditions in as outlined in subsequent sections. ! Chotbora Fangak Canal/Pigi Longochuk h refugee camps including an acute lack of food Self-reported refugee returns from Sudan 10 !! Mathiang and shelter as major reasons for their return. oat Inflows to South Sudan through Renk town Movement continued from the White Nile and Nasir ! Jonglei Manding ! Maiwut in February primarily reported lack of shelter South Kordofan regions of Sudan toward Ulang ! Maiwut ! Nyirol Nasser Mandeng (33%), distance from family members (26%), central UNS and the western Bank in this ! ! Pagak and lack of health services (13%) as push quarter. Of western Bank settlements assessed Burebiey Jekow factors for leaving Sudan.11 in March, 47% reported refugee returns in the Ô ambella previous three months. REACH port and road Akobo The same inflows primarily reported Malakal 5. Reported by humanitarian partners, December 2018. 8. Reported by Humanitarian Partners, April 2019. 11. REACH, Port and Road Monitoring: Renk, February 2019. 2 6. REACH, Port and Road Monitoring: Renk, February 2019. 9. ICWG, Assessment Report: Kaka and Akurwa, Manyo County. February 2019. 7. Idem. Numbers are indicative only and do not capture all movements as not 10. DRC, Tonga Rapid Assessment Report, February 2019. all entry points into Renk are monitored systematically,’ Map 3: Proportion of assessed settlements reported new arrivals as the main reason February through July
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