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The Anti-Zionist Bridge: the East German
The Anti-Zionist Bridge: The East German Communist Contribution to Antisemitism's Revival After the Holocaust Author(s): Jeffrey Herf Source: Antisemitism Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Spring 2017), pp. 130-156 Published by: Indiana University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/antistud.1.1.05 Accessed: 29-07-2017 21:03 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms Indiana University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Antisemitism Studies This content downloaded from 142.160.44.49 on Sat, 29 Jul 2017 21:03:03 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms The Anti-Zionist Bridge The East German Communist Contribution to Antisemitism’s Revival After the Holocaust JEFFREY HERF Communist anti-Zionism was an ideological offensive against the State of Israel whose advocates insisted that the accusation that they were motivated by antisemitism was an imperialist or Zionist trick to defuse legitimate criticism of Israel’s policies toward the Arabs and the Palestinians. The associated rhet- oric of anti-fascism, anti-imperialism and anti-racism made it possible for anti-Zionism to burst beyond the bounds of European neo-Nazi circles as well as its Arab and Palestinian or Islamist boundaries and became an enduring element of global Communist, radical leftist and third worldist politics. -
Schießbefehl and the Issues of Retroactivity Within the East German Border Guard Trials Keegan Mcmurry Western Oregon University, [email protected]
Western Oregon University Digital Commons@WOU Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History) Department of History 2018 Schießbefehl and the Issues of Retroactivity Within the East German Border Guard Trials Keegan McMurry Western Oregon University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/his Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, European History Commons, Legal Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation McMurry, Keegan, "Schießbefehl and the Issues of Retroactivity Within the East German Border Guard Trials" (2018). Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History). 264. https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/his/264 This Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at Digital Commons@WOU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History) by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@WOU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Schießbefehl1 and the Issues of Retroactivity Within the East German Border Guard Trials Keegan J. McMurry History 499: Senior Seminar June 5, 2018 1 On February 5th, 1989, 20-year old Chris Gueffroy and his companion, Christian Gaudin, were running for their lives. Tired of the poor conditions in the German Democratic Republic and hoping to find better in West Germany, they intended to climb the Berlin Wall that separated East and West Berlin using a ladder. A newspaper account states that despite both verbal warnings and warning shots, both young men continued to try and climb the wall until the border guards opened fire directly at them. Mr. Gaudin survived the experience after being shot, however, Mr. -
The Kpd and the Nsdap: a Sttjdy of the Relationship Between Political Extremes in Weimar Germany, 1923-1933 by Davis William
THE KPD AND THE NSDAP: A STTJDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLITICAL EXTREMES IN WEIMAR GERMANY, 1923-1933 BY DAVIS WILLIAM DAYCOCK A thesis submitted for the degree of Ph.D. The London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London 1980 1 ABSTRACT The German Communist Party's response to the rise of the Nazis was conditioned by its complicated political environment which included the influence of Soviet foreign policy requirements, the party's Marxist-Leninist outlook, its organizational structure and the democratic society of Weimar. Relying on the Communist press and theoretical journals, documentary collections drawn from several German archives, as well as interview material, and Nazi, Communist opposition and Social Democratic sources, this study traces the development of the KPD's tactical orientation towards the Nazis for the period 1923-1933. In so doing it complements the existing literature both by its extension of the chronological scope of enquiry and by its attention to the tactical requirements of the relationship as viewed from the perspective of the KPD. It concludes that for the whole of the period, KPD tactics were ambiguous and reflected the tensions between the various competing factors which shaped the party's policies. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE abbreviations 4 INTRODUCTION 7 CHAPTER I THE CONSTRAINTS ON CONFLICT 24 CHAPTER II 1923: THE FORMATIVE YEAR 67 CHAPTER III VARIATIONS ON THE SCHLAGETER THEME: THE CONTINUITIES IN COMMUNIST POLICY 1924-1928 124 CHAPTER IV COMMUNIST TACTICS AND THE NAZI ADVANCE, 1928-1932: THE RESPONSE TO NEW THREATS 166 CHAPTER V COMMUNIST TACTICS, 1928-1932: THE RESPONSE TO NEW OPPORTUNITIES 223 CHAPTER VI FLUCTUATIONS IN COMMUNIST TACTICS DURING 1932: DOUBTS IN THE ELEVENTH HOUR 273 CONCLUSIONS 307 APPENDIX I VOTING ALIGNMENTS IN THE REICHSTAG 1924-1932 333 APPENDIX II INTERVIEWS 335 BIBLIOGRAPHY 341 4 ABBREVIATIONS 1. -
German Communists
= ~•••••••••• B•••••••~•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• a• •= :• COMING PUBLICATIONS: •= =• / ~ • .= "ABOUT BELGIUM" by Camille Huysrnans. ; "THE FLAMING BORDER" by Czeslaw Poznanski. "GERMAN CONSERVATIVES" by Curt Geyer. "THE ROAD TO MUNICH" by Dr. Jan Opocenski. "THE WOLF AS A NEIGHBOUR" by M. van Blankenstein. NEW SERIES: THE FUTURE OF EUROPE AND THE WO~LD "GERMANY AT PEACE" by Walter Loeb. "FRENCH SECURITY AND GERMANY" . by Edmond Vermeil. "PROGRESS TO WORLD PEACE" by K. F. Bieligk. - HUTCHINSON & CO. (Publishers), LTD. ••••m•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2. "FIGHT FOR FREEDOM" Editorial Board LUIS ARAQUISTAIN CAM!LLE HUYSMANS JOSEF BELINA PROFESSOR A. PRAGIER JOHN BROWN M. SLUYSER CURT GEYER RENNIE SMITH W . W. HENDERSON MARY E. SUTHERLAND,7 j.P. GERMAN COMMUNISTS by ./ SPARTAKUS Foreword by ALFRED M. WALL Translated from the German by. E. Fitzgerald TO THE MEMORY OF ROSA LUXEMBURG KARL LIEBKNECHT PAUL- LEVI - SPARTAKUS has lived in Germany all. his life andIeft shortly after Hitler came.,.10 power. ' From his youth he has worked in the German Labour Movements-Socialist and Communist. He was one of the early "Spartakists" in the last war and he is still . today . a devoted fighter against German aggression and 'nationalism from whatever source it may spring. CONTENTS PAGE . FOREWORD 4 PART l THE SPARTACUS LEAGUE 1914-1918 7 PART II THE COMMUNIST PARTY 1919-1933 22 THE PARTY AND THE VERSAILLES TREATY 22 THE KAPP "PUTSCH" 28 THE UNITED COMMUNIST PARTY OF GERMANY 30 THE W..ARCH ACTION . 34 THE NATIONALISTIC LINE . ..... .. ' 36 THE RAPALLO TREATY' 38 THE OCCUPATION OF THE RUHR 39 SCHLAGETER 42 CORRUPTION 45 THE UNSUCCESSFUL RISING OF 1923 46 THE DECLINE OF THE GERMAN COMMUNIST PARTY 48 GERMAN MILITARY EXPENDITURE 53 "THE HORNY-HANDED SON OF TOIL". -
No. 589, December 3, 1993
25«1: No.S89 3 December 1993 After NAFTA, Clinton Strongarms Japan, Europe Wilson/NY Times Clinton and leaders of Pacific Rim countries meeting in Seattle at "Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation" forum. U.S. wants to use spectre of Pacific "free trade" as club against European imperialist rivals. u.s. Gears UP lor Trade War Hours after the North American Free Workers marched with red flags to protest ernment. The international airport at that the major unions in Belgium have Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was passed a three-year freeze on real wages and Brussels was shut down by pickets who called a general strike. by the U.S. Congress on November 17 massive cuts in social security decreed put up flaming barricades on the access • Spain: On November 25, hundreds by an unexpectedly wide margin, Presi by the Christian Democrat/Socialist gov- roads. This is the first time since 1936 of thousands of workers demonstrated dent Clinton shuttled off to Seattle where across Spain against "Socialist" prime he had convoked a meeting of the heads minister Felipe Gonzalez' proposed labor of government of the Pacific Rim coun law "reform" which would make it easier tries. The purpose: to use his NAFTA to fire workers at a time when official "win" to extract trade concessions from unemployment is almost 23 percent. The the Asian leaders, to be used in turn as workers' demonstrations, supported by a battering ram against the Europeans. students and community organizations, The aim of Clinton's pact with Canada were called by the Socialist Party-led and Mexico is to reinforce the American General Workers Union and the Work bourgeoisie's economic muscle against ers Commissions as a dry run for a its imperialist trade rivals by creating a general strike. -
Ein Deutscher Aufstand Vor 50 Jahren Begehrten Über Eine Million Menschen Gegen Die SED-Diktatur Auf
ZEITGESCHICHTE Ein deutscher Aufstand Vor 50 Jahren begehrten über eine Million Menschen gegen die SED-Diktatur auf. Für ihren Mut werden die Aufständischen heute gefeiert. Weil die DDR-Bürger überwiegend friedfertig blieben, konnten die Sowjets die Rebellion leicht niederschlagen. Sowjetpanzer auf der Leipziger Straße in Ost-Berlin: „Jetzt ist der Spuk sehr schnell vorbei“ s war der 15. Juni 1953. Die Delega- prangte, und den vier Männern mit den fuhren die Männer im Drillichzeug froh- tion der streikenden Arbeiter parkte schwieligen Händen verlief „freundschaft- gemut ab. Am nächsten Tag wollten sie Eden kleinen Lieferwagen ordnungs- lich“; darüber waren sich Delegationsleiter wiederkommen und die Antwort entge- gemäß vor dem Haus der Ministerien in Max Fettling, 46, und Grotewohl-Referent gennehmen. Berlin-Mitte. Dann ließen sich die Männer Kurt Ambrée, 27, hinterher einig. Doch die DDR war kein Staat, in der ein in der Auskunftsstelle des Haupteingangs Fettling, ein ungelernter Arbeiter, der Ministerpräsident und seine Mitarbeiter widerspruchslos darüber belehren, dass sie im Jahr zuvor zum Gewerkschaftsfunk- etwas entscheiden durften. „Es muss de- sich an einen Nebeneingang zu begeben tionär aufgestiegen war, übergab einen mokratisch aussehen, aber wir müssen al- hätten. Und sie wurden auch nicht unge- Brief, in dem die 300 Maurer, Zimmerleu- les in der Hand behalten“, hatte SED-Chef duldig, als an Stelle von Otto Grotewohl te und Gerüstbauer der Baustelle Kran- Walter Ulbricht gleich nach Kriegsende das (die Pförtnerin: „Der Herr Ministerpräsi- kenhaus Berlin-Friedrichshain forderten, ungeschriebene Grundgesetz seiner Dikta- dent ist nicht im Haus“) ein Referent zum dass bis zum Mittag des nächsten Tages tur verkündet. Und so befand nicht Regie- Gespräch in den zweiten Stock bat. -
After the Wall: the Legal Ramifications of the East German Border Guard Trials in Unified Germany Micah Goodman
Cornell International Law Journal Volume 29 Article 3 Issue 3 1996 After the Wall: The Legal Ramifications of the East German Border Guard Trials in Unified Germany Micah Goodman Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cilj Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Goodman, Micah (1996) "After the Wall: The Legal Ramifications of the East German Border Guard Trials in Unified Germany," Cornell International Law Journal: Vol. 29: Iss. 3, Article 3. Available at: http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cilj/vol29/iss3/3 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Cornell Law: A Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cornell International Law Journal by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Cornell Law: A Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTES After the Wall: The Legal Ramifications of the East German Border Guard Trials in Unified Germany Micah Goodman* Introduction Since the reunification of East and West Germany in 1990, the German government' has tried over fifty2 former East German soldiers for shooting and killing East German citizens who attempted to escape across the East- West German border.3 The government has also indicted a dozen high- ranking East German government officials.4 The German government charged and briefly tried Erich Honecker, the leader of the German Demo- cratic Republic (G.D.R.) from 1971 to 1989, for giving the orders to shoot escaping defectors. 5 While on guard duty at the border between the two * Associate, Rogers & Wells; J.D., Cornell Law School, 1996; B.A., Swarthmore College, 1991. -
Download Der Festschrift Als PDF-Datei
Festschrift für Kurt Gossweiler 1 Und was war es nun wirklich? Festschrift für Kurt Gossweiler anlässlich seines 90. Geburtstages 2 Festschrift für Kurt Gossweiler Titel-Kurzaufnahme: E. Buchholz u.a.: Festschrift für Kurt Gossweiler Hannover 2007 Einzelverlag Frank Flegel Redaktion „offen-siv“ Egerweg 8 30559 Hannover Tel.u.Fax: 0511 – 52 94 782, Mail: [email protected] Copyright: November 2007, Frank Flegel, Hannover Alle Rechte vorbehalten Redaktionelle Betreuung: Vorstand des Vereins zur Förderung demokratischer Publizistik e.V. und Redaktion der Zeitschrift „offen-siv“ Druck: Lange und Haak, Allensbach Printed in Germany Herausgegeben von den Autorinnen und Autoren: Erich Buchholz, Ellen Brombacher, Otto Bruckner, Gerd Deumlich, Irene Eckert, Stefan Eggerdinger, Hans Fischer, Regine Fischer, Frank Flegel, Dieter Hainke, Anna C. Heinrich, Hans Heinz Holz, Margot Honecker, Ulrich Huar, Dieter Itzerott, Jean-Marie Jacoby, Heinz Keßler, Kommunistische Arbeiterzeitung, Günther Lange, Hermann Leihkauf, W.I.Lenin, Robert Medernach, Hanfried Müller, Eva Niemeyer, Matthias Oehme, Michael Opperskalski, Marlies Renkl, Max Renkl, Lisl Rizy, Dieter Rolle, Eva Ruppert, Heinz Schmidt, Renate Schönfeld, Werner Seppmann, Studenten des „offen-siv“- Fernstudiums, Wolfram Triller, `Trotz alledem´- Zeitschrift der KPD(B), André Vogt, Andrea Vogt, Zbigniew Wiktor, ZK der KPD ISBN: 978-3-00-022827-8 12,50 € Festschrift für Kurt Gossweiler 3 Erich Buchholz: NPD-Verbot oder wie? ....................................................................4 Ellen -
F 2M Tfipttuilmiilat! UNABHÄNGIGE WOCHENZEITUNG FÜR DEUTSCHLAND
Zum 40. Jahrestag des Kriegsbeginns: „Ursache und Wirkung99 f 2m tfipttuilmiilat! UNABHÄNGIGE WOCHENZEITUNG FÜR DEUTSCHLAND Jahrgang 30 — Folge 35 I i-.i »it-nii wöchentlich Landsmannschaft Ostpreußen e.V. Poat*ertrleb«ij*bühr bezahlt I. September 1979 Parkallee WM. 2tM Hamburc 13 C5524CX Warschau fordert Pressezensur Ein skandalöser Versuch der Einmischung in die inneren Angelegenheiten unseres Staates Bonn — Als einen massiven Versuch der Einflußnahme auf die Rechtsordnung und die Politik der Bundesrepublik Zur Polenreise Deutschland werten CDU und CSU den von der polnischen Regierung vorgeleg• des Kanzlers ten Entwurf für das Zweijahrespro• gramm (1980 bis 1981) zum Kulturab• Kritik des BdV-Präsidiums kommen zwischen beiden Staaten. Auch Köln — In einer Klausurtagung am 22. seitens der unionsregierten Bundeslän• August 1979 stellte das Präsidium des Bun• der sind bereits schwerste Bedenken des der Vertriebenen zum Fehlen klarer gegen das polnische Papier angemeldet Aussagen über die von Bundeskanzler Hel• worden. mut Schmidt als „rundum gute Sache" be• Nach dem von Warschau vorgelegten zeichneten Gespräche mit dem polnischen Programmentwurf sollen beide Regie• Parteichef Edward Gierek kritisch fest: rungen dafür sorgen, „daß die von den 1. Nicht ein Wort verlautete bisher dar• Massenmedien verbreiteten Informatio• über, ob der Bundeskanzler mit Gewicht nen über das Leben, die Kultur und die für die kulturellen Rechte der Deutschen Entwicklung des anderen Landes zur in der Heimat und gegen die Zwangs- richtigen Gestaltung des Verlaufs -
Reginlc ( 'Ulhaps..' Ill • Lit' P..'Un'flll Eas' (;..'
')h GERMAN POLITICS year. In the case of unemployed people who are older than this the duration of this right Reginlc ( 'ulhaps..' ill • lit' P..'un'flll Eas' (;..'.. 111.1 .. to unemployment benefit increases in steps, and reaches a maximum period of payment of two and a half years for the unemployed over 55. Revolution: tilt.' I~ul .., uf Middlt'-I ,"'Vt'l ()ffkials 62. Cf. Hubert Heinelt and Anne Lohmann, Immigranten im Wohlfahrtsstaat - am Beispiel der Rechtspositionen und Lebensverhiiltnisse von Aussiedlern (Opladen: Leske & Budrich, 1992). DANIEt~ 63. Jellinek, op. cit., p. 143. V. t:RII',I)III'IM M. Ibid., pp. 163 ff. 65. Cf. ibid., pp. 268 ff. In addition, local communities are also corporate bodies under public law- and this is precisely the case in Jellinek's view. The right offoreigners to vote at local elections, which is at present the subject of political controversy, could therefore During the autumn of 1989, the CommUlli.I·1 /t'g/IIII' /11 /' 1/.11 also be derived from a longer period of stay in these local communities that are not Germany lost its will to continue using repressiolllo sl(/.\' ill/IIIII'I'/ directly state ones. On the right of foreigners to vote at different state levels in the EC Rather than in Berlin, peacejlll dialogue with street demollslralor.1 member countries d. Philip Nanton, 'National Frameworks', op. cit., pp. 194 ff. 66. Ibid, p. 194. came in the regional capitals. The reason is that alt/wuf!.11 111/' 67. Cf. Heinelt and Lohmann op. cit., pp. 45 ff. on the group of Aussiedler. -
Diss Gradschool Submission
OUTPOST OF FREEDOM: A GERMAN-AMERICAN NETWORK’S CAMPAIGN TO BRING COLD WAR DEMOCRACY TO WEST BERLIN, 1933-72 Scott H. Krause A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2015 Approved by: Konrad H. Jarausch Christopher R. Browning Klaus W. Larres Susan Dabney Pennybacker Donald M. Reid Benjamin Waterhouse © 2015 Scott H. Krause ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Scott H. Krause: Outpost of Freedom: A German-American Network’s Campaign to bring Cold War Democracy to West Berlin, 1933-66 (under the direction of Konrad H. Jarausch) This study explores Berlin’s sudden transformation from the capital of Nazi Germany to bastion of democracy in the Cold War. This project has unearthed how this remarkable development resulted from a transatlantic campaign by liberal American occupation officials, and returned émigrés, or remigrés, of the Marxist Social Democratic Party (SPD). This informal network derived from members of “Neu Beginnen” in American exile. Concentrated in wartime Manhattan, their identity as German socialists remained remarkably durable despite the Nazi persecution they faced and their often-Jewish background. Through their experiences in New Deal America, these self-professed “revolutionary socialists” came to emphasize “anti- totalitarianism,” making them suspicious of Stalinism. Serving in the OSS, leftists such as Hans Hirschfeld forged friendships with American left-wing liberals. These experiences connected a wider network of remigrés and occupiers by forming an epistemic community in postwar Berlin. They recast Berlin’s ruins as “Outpost of Freedom” in the Cold War. -
Willi Münzenberg's 'Last Empire': Die Zukunft And
Bernhard H. Bayerlein Willi Münzenberg’s ‘Last Empire’: Die Zukunft and the ‘Franco-German Union’, Paris, 1938 – 1940. New Visions of Anti-Fascism and the Transnational Networks of the Anti-Hitler Resistance1 Abstract The weekly Die Zukunft is among the most ambitious Franco-German media projects and collective organisers with European repercussions during the final crisis of the inter-war period from the Munich Agreement in September 1938 until May 1940 and the German occupation of France during the Second World War. The reading of the political-cultural journal as a unique, last ‘anti-fascist intermediate empire’ before the outbreak of the war and the efforts made by its editor, Willi Münzenberg, to unite the transnational anti-Hitler oppositionist networks contributes to an innovative perspective on the history of the German-speaking political emigration and German-French relations. New insights require major adjustments in the history of European strategies and the anti-Stalinist shift expressed by Die Zukunft after the conclusion of the Stalin-Hitler Pact contributes to a deeper understanding of the crisis of the political exile and the first stages of World War 1 This article is grounded in research conducted at the Institute for Social Movements Bochum, with support for two years from the Fritz-Thyssen-Stiftung. Within the scope of this project, which aims at a monograph about the Zukunft, different areas of research will be linked trans- disciplinarily, including historical media research and exile and resistance research, research on transnational political network building, on social movements, political ideas and cultural transfer. For more details refer to the presentation on the institute’s website at http://isb.rub.