DOCSLIB.ORG

Copper: a Materials Survey Part 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Copper: a Materials Survey Part 1 bureau of minee IC information circular 8225 Ill COPPER A Materials Skey UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF MINES 1965 COPPER A Materials Survey This publication has been cataloged as follows: McMahon, Albert Daniel Coppr, a materials survey. [Washington] U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mi[I9641 340 p. illus., tables. ,(U.S. Bureau of Mines. InfomtIon circular E2m Includes bibliography. 1. Copper. (Series) TN23.U71 no. 8225 622.08173 U.S. Dept. of the Int. Library For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, US. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C.. 20402-Rice $1.75 (paper cover) OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF MINES WASHINGTON. D.C. 20240 January 11, 1965 Hon. Edward A. McDermott Director Office of Emergency Planning Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. McDermott: In accordance with the agreement of April 15, 1955, between the Department of the Interior and the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization, which assigned responsibility to Interior for preparation and revision of Surveys covering 45 mineral comnodities, the Bureau of Mines with the cooperation of the Geological Survey has prepared and herewith transmits to you the revision of Copper, A Materials Survey. Sincerely yours, CONTENTS Chsgt+ 3:-Primary copper resources--Con . .................................. rmcl al co per mines in the world-Con . Foreword drth Lerica ..................... Introduction ............................... united States.................. Acknowledgments........................... Arhm .................... Chapter 1.-Properties, commercial claaaifics- Michigan .................. tions, and uses of copper and copper base Montana .................. ............................ Nevada .................... ................... New Mexico............... all?."~;~. ~ the metal. Prooerties of copper ..................... North Carolina ............. Yroperties of copper powders ............ Pennsylvania ............... Commercial clansification ................ Tennessee. ................. Hv Utah_ ..................... -" mcthod. of refining ............... By method of casting or processing- .. Canada........................ Newfoundland .............. T- relating. to specific. kinds of coppers- Forms................................. Quebec.................... Refinery shapes..................... Ontario.................... Fabricator products ................. Manitoba.Saskatchewan ..... Grades and specification% ........... British Columbia ........... Copper base alloys...................... Cuba. ......................... Nature ............................ Heiti... ....................... Properties...... ................... Mexico........................ Wrought alloys................. South America ...................... Casting alloys.................. Bolivia ........................ Commercial claasi6cation ............ Chile.......................... Wrought alloys................. Peru.... ...................... Casting alloys .................. E~mr............................ Uses of copper and copper-base alloys.---- ustns...... .................. Copper as an slloying element ........ Bm....................... Copper compound#.................. Finland ........................ BibLopaphy ........................... East Germany .................. Chapter 2.-History ........................ IreLand ........................ Prehistory and early history of copper .... Norway ....................... Mining ............................ Poland ........................ Metallurgy.-- ...................... Spain----------.------------ Bronze ............................ heden........................ Brass .............................. U.S.8.R ....................... Growth of industry in United States. ..... Yugoslavia..................... Technological developments .............. Asia......... ...................... ChIonolog, ............................ Chins... ...................... Bibliography. .......................... Cyprus ........................ India Chapter 3.-Primary copper reaouroes ......... .......................... Israel.. ....................... Geology ............................... Japan ......................... Types of deposits ................... Philippines ..................... Lenticular deposits in schistose rocks.. ...................... Turkey ........................ Sudbury nickel-copper deposits... Africa............................. Native copper deposits .......... Angola ........................ Bedded deposits in sedimentary Republic of the Congo ............ rocks ........................ Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasa- Veins. oioes. and disseminations.- land ......................... EKflect of dxi&t;on on copper deposits . Northern Rhodesia .......... Character of sulfides............ Southern Rhodesia.......... Character of gangue ............. Kenya ......................... Type of deposit................. Mauritania .................... Mineralogy ........................ South-West Africa.............. Copper minerale... ............. Uganda ........................ Copper orea .................... Republic of South Africa.. ...... World Fkservea......................... Australia .......................... Principal copper mines in the world ....... Bibliopraph ........................... Chapter 6.-Supply and diatribution-Con, Pam Chapter 4.43econdary copper resources. ...... World Produetion-Continued Nature. ............................... Africa............................. 205 Kinds of scmn.......................... ... ubhc of the Con o........... 205 sources................................ aeraiion of ~fodesis and Magnitude of industry. ................. Nyaaaland ................... 205 Accumulating pool ...................... South-West Africa .............. 205 World reserve .......................... Republic of south Africa. ....... 205 Bibliografhy ........................... Other countries ................. 205 Chapter 5.- echnology ..................... Oceania- .......................... 205 Rospectingand exploration current ore search Auatralir ...................... 205 techniques. .......................... World Consumption .................... 206 Boring ............................ United States ...................... 208 Underground exploration ............ Foreim. countries ...................... 214 Mine development ...................... World Trade ........................... 215 United Statea ...................... 216 Imports ....................... 216 Exports.. ..................... 217 .. Foreinn countries ................... 229 Concentrating........................... 229 Flotation .......................... Cbk-........................ 229 Segregation process ................. Republic of the Congo........... 243 Hvdmmetallwv ....................... Former Federation of Rhodesia . and NvasaLand ............... Rewvw.......................... Prim.......... ....................... Smelting............................... Stocke ................................. Rag............................... Chapter 7.-Structure of the industry......... Fabricating ............................ United States Cop industry ........... Melting furnaces and casting......... Location and &%iption ............. Seamless tubes......... ............ Mining ........................ Rode andshapes .................... Smelting....................... Rolling: Strip, sheets, and plates.. .. Refining....................... Rolling operations .................. Fabrication .................... Pickling equipment. ................ Secondary copper ............... Finishing equipment ................ Marketing ......................... Examples of rolling practice.......... Ores and wncentrates ........... Electrolytically deposited copper sheet. Refined wpper ................. Pri oee ......................... Wire fabrication.................... CaItek ........................ Preliminary forming by rolling ... Phvsioal and financial wmorate strub Wire-drawing benches........... ture by wmpaniea ................ Continuougdrawiog machines. ... American Metal Climax. Inc ..... Bus bars and commutators........... American Smelting and Refining Print rob......................... Company_- .................. Scrap ............................. The Anawnda Company ........ Bibliography ........................... Appalachian Sulfides, Ine. ....... Bagdad Coppe~Coi+ ............ Chapter 6.r-Supply and distribution .......... Banner Mining Co .............. World production ....................... Wthlehcm~~ Cornwall~~ Corn..... ....... North America ..................... Calumet & Hecla . Inc........... United Statea ................... ................... Primary copper ............. Company ......... Secondary production- ....... Copper sulfate.............. Canada ........................ Ins-piration Consolidated Copper Mexico ........................ w .......................... Kennewtt Copper Corp. ......... (:uba .......................... Magma Copper Co.............. SoutlI America ..................... Newmont Mining Cop- ........ Chile Phelps Dodge Corp ............. Peru .......................... luncy Mining Co .............. Europe ............................ $ennw ' Corp ................. Finland ........................ Primary copper mill~and primary wire Norway ....................... mi& ............................ Principal associated Government and Spain ......................... industry
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Mineral Industry of Sweden in 2016
    2016 Minerals Yearbook SWEDEN [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. Department of the Interior November 2019 U.S. Geological Survey Revised November 2020 The Mineral Industry of Sweden By Meralis Plaza-Toledo Sweden, a country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula Production and bordered by Norway on the west and Finland to the east, is part of an area of crystalline and metamorphic rocks called the In 2016, the production of horticultural and fuel peat Fennoscandian Shield, which hosts a variety of mineral deposits. increased by 31% and 25% respectively; tellurium by 15%; The three primary ore regions in Sweden are the Norrbotten iron ore, by 8%; gold, by 8%; and silver, by 7%. Production of region, which is characterized by iron ore, copper, and gold feldspar decreased by 24%, and that of ferrochromium, by 13%. deposits; the Bothnia-Skelleftea region, which is characterized Data on mineral production are in table 1. by base metals and gold; and the Bergslagen region, which hosts Structure of the Mineral Industry copper, gold, iron ore, lead, and zinc. In 2016, Sweden was the leading iron ore producer of the European Union (EU) and a In 2016, the Swedish mineral industry was composed mostly leading producer of copper, gold, lead, silver, and zinc. In 2016, of privately owned companies. State-owned Luossavaara- Sweden was estimated to be the world’s second-ranked producer Kiirunavaara AB (LKAB) was Europe’s leading iron ore of refined tellurium, accounting for 9.5% of the world’s producer. Boliden AB (Boliden), a privately owned mining refinery production (Swedish Trade and Invest Council, 2014; and mineral-processing company, produced copper, gold, lead, Geological Survey of Norway, 2016; Anderson, 2018).
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Analysis of EU Regions and Mining Potential and Opportunities Within Their RIS3
    Strategic analysis of EU regions and mining potential and opportunities within their RIS3 D5.1 Deliverable 30/09/2019 Ramón Cabrera1, José Manuel Gómez1, Jorge Pérez2, Ana Losa2, Meng Chun Lee3, Dorothée Grünholz3,, Rute Martins4, Alexandra Ribeiro4, Chrysa Panagiotopoulou5, Maria Taxiarchou5 1Sociedad de Investigación y Explotación Minera de Castilla y León, S.A. (SIEMCALSA) 2Centro Internacional de Materiales Avanzados y Materias Primas de Castilla y León (ICAMCyL) 3Geokomtenzzentrum (GKZ) 4Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Nova Universidade de Lisboa (NOVA ID) 5National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Disclaimer The information in this document is provided as is and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose. The user thereof uses the information as its sole risk and liability. The document reflects only the author’s views and the Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 776811 Topic: H2020-SC5-2017 PAGE 2 OF 187 Dissemination level PU Public CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) Deliverable administration D5.1 Strategic Analysis of EU Regions and Mining Potencial and No & name Opportunities within their RIS3 Status Final Due M22 Date 2019-09-30 Ramón Cabrera & José Manuel Gómez, SIEMCALSA; Jorge Pérez & Ana Losa, Author(s) ICAMCyL; Meng Chun Lee & Dorothée Grünholz, GKZ; Rute Martins & Alexandra Ribeiro, NOVA ID; Chrysa Panagiotopoulou & Maria Taxiarchou, NTUA Description of Task 5.1 Review of MIREU Regions´ strategies related to their assets in economic the related aid programmes and measures that foster market uptake and encourage task and the replication of innovative solutions (ICAMCyL) M1-M12 deliverable.
    [Show full text]
  • Extractive Industries and Sami in Sweden
    FACULTY OF LAW Lund University Jonathan Örnberg Extractive Industries and Sami in Sweden An Analysis of the Procedural Safeguards in the Swedish Mineral Framework and Sweden's International and Regional Obligations LAGM01 Master Thesis Graduate Thesis, Master of Laws Programme 30 higher education credits Supervisor: Alejandro Fuentes Term: Spring 2018 Table of Contents Summary 1 Sammanfattning 2 Preface 3 Abbreviations 4 1. Introduction 6 1.1. General Background 6 1.2. Purpose 7 1.3. Research Questions 7 1.4. Method and Material 7 1.5. Limitations 9 1.6. Literature overview 10 1.7. Disposition 11 2. Sami and Mining in Sweden 13 2.1. Traditional lives of Sami in Sweden 13 2.1.1. Reindeer husbandry and the use of land 14 2.1.2. Other traditional activities and the use of land 14 2.2. The effects of mining activities on Sami 16 2.2.1. Effects on Sami traditional lives 16 2.2.2. Effects on the environment and the Sami 17 2.3. Conclusion 18 3. Sweden's International Obligations 20 3.1. International Minority Protection 21 3.1.1. People's Right to Self-determination 22 3.1.2. The Right to Participate in Cultural Life 23 3.1.3. The Minority Right to Culture 25 3.1.4. The Sami Minority Right to Culture in the CCPR 27 3.1.5. Right to Information 30 3.1.6. United Nations Declaration on Minorites 31 3.2. International Indigenous Protection 32 3.2.1. United Nations Declaration on Indigenous Peoples 32 3.2.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Occupational Safety and Health in Mining Anthology on the Situation in 16 Mining Countries
    nr 2013;47(2) Occupational Safety and Health in Mining Anthology on the situation in 16 mining countries Ed. Kaj Elgstrand and Eva Vingård arbete och hälsa | vetenskaplig skriftserie isbn 978-91-85971-43-5 issn 0346-7821 Arbete och Hälsa Arbete och Hälsa (Work and Health) is a scientific report series published by Occupational and Environmental Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg. The series publishes scientific original work, review articles, criteria documents and dissertations. All articles are peer-reviewed. Arbete och Hälsa has a broad target group and welcomes articles in different areas. Instructions and templates for manuscript editing are available at http://www.amm.se/aoh Summaries in Swedish and English as well as the complete original texts from 1997 are also available online. Arbete och Hälsa Editorial Board: Editor-in-chief: Tor Aasen, Bergen Kjell Torén, Gothenburg Gunnar Ahlborg, Gothenburg Kristina Alexanderson, Stockholm Co-editors: Berit Bakke, Oslo Maria Albin, Lund Lars Barregård, Gothenburg Lotta Dellve, Stockholm Jens Peter Bonde, Kopenhagen Henrik Kolstad, Aarhus Jörgen Eklund, Linkoping Roger Persson, Lund Mats Hagberg, Gothenburg Kristin Svendsen, Trondheim Kari Heldal, Oslo Allan Toomingas, Stockholm Kristina Jakobsson, Lund Marianne Törner, Gothenburg Malin Josephson, Uppsala Bengt Järvholm, Umea Managing editor: Anette Kærgaard, Herning Cina Holmer, Gothenburg Ann Kryger, Kopenhagen Carola Lidén, Stockholm © University of Gothenburg & authors 2013 Svend Erik Mathiassen, Gavle Gunnar D. Nielsen, Kopenhagen Arbete och Hälsa, University of Gothenburg Catarina Nordander, Lund Torben Sigsgaard, Aarhus Printed at Kompendiet, Gothenburg Staffan Skerfving, Lund Gerd Sällsten, Gothenburg Ewa Wikström, Gothenburg Eva Vingård, Uppsala List of contents Safety and health in mining; Eva Vingård & Kaj Elgstrand............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Mining Futures
    Mining Futures Predictions and Uncertainty in Swedish Mineral Exploration TOBIAS OLOFSSON Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Humanistiska Teatern, Thunbergsvägen 3C 752 38 Uppsala, Uppsala, Friday, 30 October 2020 at 13:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Associate Professor Trine Pallesen (Copenhagen Business School). Abstract Olofsson, T. 2020. Mining Futures. Predictions and Uncertainty in Swedish Mineral Exploration. 260 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 978-91-506-2842-5. Any forward-oriented enterprise must somehow manage the challenges posed by uncertainty and with its distant temporal horizons, high stakes, and low probability of success, mineral exploration is a good illustration of this general rule. Based on a combination of interviews, observations, and archival research, this thesis investigates how explorationists use predictions to manage the material complexities and the uncertainties that contribute to determining the future minability of mineral deposits. Using data from industrial mineral exploration in Sweden, the thesis traces the production and use of predictions across the exploration process, from its early explorative phases to its development into a techno-economic hybrid in advanced stage exploration. With the aid of a detailed study of the valuation processes involved in measuring and predicting the future minability in exploration projects, the thesis demonstrates how risk management in mineral exploration relies both on a continuous addition of measurements and data on different dimensions of “risk” and the bracketing of any uncertainties unaccounted for in exploration practice and standards. Moreover, the thesis shows how industry standards provide explorationists with repertoires of values that are called upon in order to justify predictions as accurate and precise depictions of the future.
    [Show full text]
  • FOREST-SMART MINING Identifying Factors Associated with the Impacts of Large-Scale Mining on Forests
    FOREST-SMART MINING Identifying Factors Associated with the Impacts of Large-Scale Mining on Forests Credit: Jeremy Holden/FFI. Suggested Citation: Forest-Smart Mining: Large-Scale Mining on Forests (LSM), World Bank, 2019 Disclaimer: This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. All omissions and inaccuracies in this document are the responsibility of the authors. The findings, interpretations, and views expressed in this guide do not necessarily represent those of the institutions involved, nor do they necessarily reflect the views of PROFOR, The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. © 2019 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. This document has been prepared by Fauna & Flora International (FFI) for the public interest purposes of sharing good practice so as to ensure positive forest outcomes in the future. The information contained in this document has been obtained from public sources, as well as from the companies concerned in some instances.
    [Show full text]
  • Grade Uranium Ores
    Processing of Low- Grade Uranium Ores PROCESSING OF LOW-GRADE URANIUM ORES The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GERMANY, FEDERAL NIGERIA ALBANIA REPUBLIC OF NORWAY ALGERIA GHANA PAKISTAN ARGENTINA GREECE PANAMA AUSTRALIA GUATEMALA PARAGUAY AUSTRIA HAITI PERU BELGIUM HOLY SEE PHILIPPINES BOLIVIA HONDURAS POLAND BRAZIL HUNGARY PORTUGAL BULGARIA ICELAND ROMANIA BURMA INDIA SAUDI ARABIA BYELORUSSIAN SOVIET INDONESIA SENEGAL SOCIALIST REPUBLIC IRAN SINGAPORE CAMBODIA IRAQ SOUTH AFRICA CAMEROON ISRAEL SPAIN CANADA ITALY SUDAN CEYLON IVORY COAST SWEDEN CHILE JAMAICA SWITZERLAND CHINA JAPAN SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COLOMBIA JORDAN THAILAND CONGO, DEMOCRATIC KENYA TUNISIA REPUBLIC OF KOREA, REPUBLIC OF TURKEY COSTA RICA KUWAIT UKRAINIAN SOVIET SOCIALIST CUBA LEBANON REPUBLIC CYPRUS LIBERIA UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST CZECHOSLOVAK SOCIALIST LIBYA REPUBLICS REPUBLIC LUXEMBOURG UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC DENMARK MADAGASCAR UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MALI BRITAIN AND NORTHERN ECUADOR MEXICO IRELAND EL SALVADOR MONACO UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ETHIOPIA MOROCCO URUGUAY FINLAND NETHERLANDS VENEZUELA FRANCE NEW ZEALAND VIET-NAM GABON NICARAGUA YUGOSLAVIA The Agency's Statute was approved on 26 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is "to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world". Printed by the IAEA in Austria June 1967 PANEL PROCEEDINGS SERIES PROCESSING OF LOW-GRADE URANIUM ORES PROCEEDINGS OF A PANEL HELD IN VIENNA, 27 JUNE - 1 JULY 1966 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 1967 PROCESSING OF LOW-GRADE URANIUM ORES (Panel Proceedings Series) ABSTRACT.
    [Show full text]
  • Boom and Bust in Peripheral Communities in Sweden
    Evolutionary governance in mining: Boom and bust in peripheral communities in Sweden Simon Haikola and Jonas Anshelm The self-archived postprint version of this journal article is available at Linköping University Institutional Repository (DiVA): http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159299 N.B.: When citing this work, cite the original publication. Haikola, S., Anshelm, J., (2019), Evolutionary governance in mining: Boom and bust in peripheral communities in Sweden, Land use policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104056 Original publication available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104056 Copyright: Elsevier http://www.elsevier.com/ Haikola, S & Anshelm, J: Evolutionary governance in mining; Land Use Policy. Pre-print version, 2019. This is a pre-print version of the paper accepted for publishing in a special issue of the journal Land Use Policy, February 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104056 Evolutionary governance in mining: Boom and bust in peripheral communities in Sweden Introduction As the world market prices of iron ore soared in the 21st century, the peripheral northern communities of Pajala and Kiruna in Sweden were subjected to enormous press from planning challenges. This paper analyses these challenges through the analytical framework of evolutionary governance (Van Assche et al., 2014), asking how decades of neoliberal reformation of the Swedish mining sector has affected the capacities of peripheral municipalities to manage boom and bust cycles. The Swedish state has taken an interest in the mineral riches of the remote areas of the Arctic region for centuries, but only with the onset of industrialisation, and in particular the introduction of railway transportation, towards the turn of the previous century did large-scale, systematic extraction commence (Avango, 2005; Hansson, 1998; Sjöholm, 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Mining Regions and Cities Case of Västerbotten and Norrbotten, Sweden OECD Rural Studies
    OECD Rural Studies OECD Rural Studies Mining Regions and Cities Case of Västerbotten and Norrbotten, Sweden OECD Rural Studies Sweden’s northern region, Upper Norrland, is one of the most important mining regions in Europe and has the potential to become a global leader in environmentally sustainable mining. With the largest land surface and the lowest population density in Sweden, Upper Norrland contains two sub regions, Västerbotten Mining Regions and Cities and Norrbotten. Both sub regions host the greatest mineral reserves in the country, containing 9 of the country’s 12 active mines and providing 90% of the iron ore in the European Union. Upper Norrland has the potential Case of Västerbotten to become a global leader in environmentally sustainable mining due to its competitive advantages, including a stable green energy supply, high‑quality broadband connection, a pool of large mining companies working closely with universities to reduce the emissions footprint across the mining value chain, and a highly skilled and Norrbotten, Sweden labour force. Yet, the region must overcome a number of bottlenecks to support a sustainable future, including a shrinking workforce, low interaction of local firms with the mining innovation process and an increasing opposition to mining due to socio environmental concerns and land use conflicts. This study identifies how Västerbotten and Norrbotten can build on their competitive advantages and address current and future challenges to support a resilient future through sustainable mining. Mining Regions and Cities Case of Västerbotten and Norrbotten, Sweden PRINT ISBN 978-92-64-56068-0 PDF ISBN 978-92-64-93868-7 9HSTCQE*fgagia+ OECD Rural Studies Mining Regions and Cities Case of Västerbotten and Norrbotten, Sweden This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.
    [Show full text]
  • FRIEDRICH LIST the Natural System of Political Economy
    Scanned and edited by Arno Mong Daastoel [email protected] 2005-10-23 Text on spine: FRIEDRICH LIST The Natural System of Political Economy Translated and edited by W.0. Henderson Backside: FRIEDRICH LIST: ECONOMIST AND VISIONARY 1789-1846 W. O. Henderson Dr. Henderson's account of the life and work of Friedrich List, the first English biography of this German economist to appear for 70 years, is based upon List's collected works and on his papers in the archives of the city of Reutlingen. In two major works — The Natural System of Political Economy and The National System of Political Economy — he attacked the theories of Adam Smith and his followers and enunciated his own doctrines of "productive powers" and stages of economic growth, and advocated the imposition of import duties to safeguard infant industries. He advocated the industrialisation of underdeveloped countries and championed the cause of the "third world" of his day. Dr. Henderson's discussion of List's eventful career in Germany, France, and the United States — as civil servant, professor, politician, and journalist — is followed by an examination of List as an economist, as a railway promoter, and as a champion of German unification. He was the driving force behind the construction of two of the earliest railways to be built in the United States and Germany. He promoted the establishment and expansion of the German customs union and he had visions of the economic expansion of Germany and Austria Hungary in central European the Balkans, and in the Near East. FRANK CASS FRIEDRICH LIST The Natural System of Political Economy * * * * Translated and edited by W.0.
    [Show full text]
  • Moving Metals Or Indigenous Mining? Provenancing Scandinavian Bronze Age Artefacts by Lead Isotopes and Trace Elements
    Journal of Archaeological Science xxx (2012) 1e14 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Archaeological Science journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jas Moving metals or indigenous mining? Provenancing Scandinavian Bronze Age artefacts by lead isotopes and trace elements Johan Ling a, Eva Hjärthner-Holdar b, Lena Grandin b,*, Kjell Billström c, Per-Olof Persson c a Department of Historical Studies: Archaeology, University of Gothenburg, Box 200, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden b Geoarchaeological Laboratory (GAL), Swedish National Heritage Board, Portalg. 2A, SE-754 23 Uppsala, Sweden c Swedish Museum of Natural History, LIG, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden article info abstract Article history: The aim of this study is to further the discussion as to whether copper was extracted locally or imported Received 30 January 2012 to Sweden during the Bronze Age or if both of these practices could have coexisted. For this purpose, we Received in revised form have carried out lead isotope and chemical analyses of 33 bronze items, dated between 1600BC and 16 May 2012 700BC. Among these are the famous Fröslunda shields and the large scrap hoard from Bräckan and other Accepted 26 May 2012 items from three regions in southern Sweden which are also renowned for their richness in copper ores. It is obvious from a comparison that the element and lead isotope compositions of the studied bronze Keywords: items diverge greatly from those of spatially associated copper ores. Nor is there any good resemblance Bronze Age Bronze objects with other ores from Scandinavia, and it is concluded that the copper in these items must have been Copper ores imported from elsewhere.
    [Show full text]
  • Minefacts a Collection of Facts About Mining, the Permit Granting Process, Economy and the Environment Aitik
    MineFacts A collection of facts about mining, the permit granting process, economy and the environment Aitik. Photo: Boliden Photo: Aitik. MINEFACTS A collection of facts about mines This material has been produced as part of the project MineFacts, an EU funded project carried out during 2017 with the purpose of producing easily accessible, objective and general facts about prospecting and mining operations, which if wished can be used without restriction, above all by municipalities and regions in northern Finland, Sweden and Norway. We chose to produce this material in all three languages, and to add nation specific facts where we considered it necessary (for example the different countries have partially different steps in their permit granting processes for mining permits). The material also includes a slimmed PowerPoint presentation which may be studied and used without restriction. The project aims to increase the general level of awareness in this area and to give municipalities and regions help, based on this material, to ­­ communicate objective and fact-based information to their inhabitants – for example in a situation where new or increased prospecting or mining operations can be expected. In the course of the project we visited over 30 different municipalities in the three countries to gather information about what the municipal representatives in these municipalities consider extra important to include in the material. Through the year we have organised workshops, worked with reference groups and presented the project in different contexts. After the activities described, our opinion is that the need for this type of basic, objective and fact-based information is considerable.
    [Show full text]