bureau of minee IC information circular 8225 Ill COPPER A Materials Skey UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF MINES 1965 COPPER A Materials Survey This publication has been cataloged as follows: McMahon, Albert Daniel Coppr, a materials survey. [Washington] U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mi[I9641 340 p. illus., tables. ,(U.S. Bureau of Mines. InfomtIon circular E2m Includes bibliography. 1. Copper. (Series) TN23.U71 no. 8225 622.08173 U.S. Dept. of the Int. Library For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, US. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C.. 20402-Rice $1.75 (paper cover) OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF MINES WASHINGTON. D.C. 20240 January 11, 1965 Hon. Edward A. McDermott Director Office of Emergency Planning Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. McDermott: In accordance with the agreement of April 15, 1955, between the Department of the Interior and the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization, which assigned responsibility to Interior for preparation and revision of Surveys covering 45 mineral comnodities, the Bureau of Mines with the cooperation of the Geological Survey has prepared and herewith transmits to you the revision of Copper, A Materials Survey. Sincerely yours, CONTENTS Chsgt+ 3:-Primary copper resources--Con . .................................. rmcl al co per mines in the world-Con . Foreword drth Lerica ..................... Introduction ............................... united States.................. Acknowledgments........................... Arhm .................... Chapter 1.-Properties, commercial claaaifics- Michigan .................. tions, and uses of copper and copper base Montana .................. ............................ Nevada .................... ................... New Mexico............... all?."~;~. ~ the metal. Prooerties of copper ..................... North Carolina ............. Yroperties of copper powders ............ Pennsylvania ............... Commercial clansification ................ Tennessee. ................. Hv Utah_ ..................... -" mcthod. of refining ............... By method of casting or processing- .. Canada........................ Newfoundland .............. T- relating. to specific. kinds of coppers- Forms................................. Quebec.................... Refinery shapes..................... Ontario.................... Fabricator products ................. Manitoba.Saskatchewan ..... Grades and specification% ........... British Columbia ........... Copper base alloys...................... Cuba. ......................... Nature ............................ Heiti... ....................... Properties...... ................... Mexico........................ Wrought alloys................. South America ...................... Casting alloys.................. Bolivia ........................ Commercial claasi6cation ............ Chile.......................... Wrought alloys................. Peru.... ...................... Casting alloys .................. E~mr............................ Uses of copper and copper-base alloys.---- ustns...... .................. Copper as an slloying element ........ Bm....................... Copper compound#.................. Finland ........................ BibLopaphy ........................... East Germany .................. Chapter 2.-History ........................ IreLand ........................ Prehistory and early history of copper .... Norway ....................... Mining ............................ Poland ........................ Metallurgy.-- ...................... Spain----------.------------ Bronze ............................ heden........................ Brass .............................. U.S.8.R ....................... Growth of industry in United States. ..... Yugoslavia..................... Technological developments .............. Asia......... ...................... ChIonolog, ............................ Chins... ...................... Bibliography. .......................... Cyprus ........................ India Chapter 3.-Primary copper reaouroes ......... .......................... Israel.. ....................... Geology ............................... Japan ......................... Types of deposits ................... Philippines ..................... Lenticular deposits in schistose rocks.. ...................... Turkey ........................ Sudbury nickel-copper deposits... Africa............................. Native copper deposits .......... Angola ........................ Bedded deposits in sedimentary Republic of the Congo ............ rocks ........................ Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasa- Veins. oioes. and disseminations.- land ......................... EKflect of dxi&t;on on copper deposits . Northern Rhodesia .......... Character of sulfides............ Southern Rhodesia.......... Character of gangue ............. Kenya ......................... Type of deposit................. Mauritania .................... Mineralogy ........................ South-West Africa.............. Copper minerale... ............. Uganda ........................ Copper orea .................... Republic of South Africa.. ...... World Fkservea......................... Australia .......................... Principal copper mines in the world ....... Bibliopraph ........................... Chapter 6.-Supply and diatribution-Con, Pam Chapter 4.43econdary copper resources. ...... World Produetion-Continued Nature. ............................... Africa............................. 205 Kinds of scmn.......................... ... ubhc of the Con o........... 205 sources................................ aeraiion of ~fodesis and Magnitude of industry. ................. Nyaaaland ................... 205 Accumulating pool ...................... South-West Africa .............. 205 World reserve .......................... Republic of south Africa. ....... 205 Bibliografhy ........................... Other countries ................. 205 Chapter 5.- echnology ..................... Oceania- .......................... 205 Rospectingand exploration current ore search Auatralir ...................... 205 techniques. .......................... World Consumption .................... 206 Boring ............................ United States ...................... 208 Underground exploration ............ Foreim. countries ...................... 214 Mine development ...................... World Trade ........................... 215 United Statea ...................... 216 Imports ....................... 216 Exports.. ..................... 217 .. Foreinn countries ................... 229 Concentrating........................... 229 Flotation .......................... Cbk-........................ 229 Segregation process ................. Republic of the Congo........... 243 Hvdmmetallwv ....................... Former Federation of Rhodesia . and NvasaLand ............... Rewvw.......................... Prim.......... ....................... Smelting............................... Stocke ................................. Rag............................... Chapter 7.-Structure of the industry......... Fabricating ............................ United States Cop industry ........... Melting furnaces and casting......... Location and &%iption ............. Seamless tubes......... ............ Mining ........................ Rode andshapes .................... Smelting....................... Rolling: Strip, sheets, and plates.. .. Refining....................... Rolling operations .................. Fabrication .................... Pickling equipment. ................ Secondary copper ............... Finishing equipment ................ Marketing ......................... Examples of rolling practice.......... Ores and wncentrates ........... Electrolytically deposited copper sheet. Refined wpper ................. Pri oee ......................... Wire fabrication.................... CaItek ........................ Preliminary forming by rolling ... Phvsioal and financial wmorate strub Wire-drawing benches........... ture by wmpaniea ................ Continuougdrawiog machines. ... American Metal Climax. Inc ..... Bus bars and commutators........... American Smelting and Refining Print rob......................... Company_- .................. Scrap ............................. The Anawnda Company ........ Bibliography ........................... Appalachian Sulfides, Ine. ....... Bagdad Coppe~Coi+ ............ Chapter 6.r-Supply and distribution .......... Banner Mining Co .............. World production ....................... Wthlehcm~~ Cornwall~~ Corn..... ....... North America ..................... Calumet & Hecla . Inc........... United Statea ................... ................... Primary copper ............. Company ......... Secondary production- ....... Copper sulfate.............. Canada ........................ Ins-piration Consolidated Copper Mexico ........................ w .......................... Kennewtt Copper Corp. ......... (:uba .......................... Magma Copper Co.............. SoutlI America ..................... Newmont Mining Cop- ........ Chile Phelps Dodge Corp ............. Peru .......................... luncy Mining Co .............. Europe ............................ $ennw ' Corp ................. Finland ........................ Primary copper mill~and primary wire Norway ....................... mi& ............................ Principal associated Government and Spain ......................... industry