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Greek & Roman Cities Strategic Partnership Ancient Cities Greek & Roman Cities Learning Material für Online Seminar Intellectual Output 7 English Copyright licence Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) The creation of these resources has been co-funded by the ERASMUS+ grant programme of the European Union under grant no. 2017-1-DE01-KA203-003537 (funding period 2017-2020; total grant 364.923,00 €). Neither the European Commission nor the project's national funding agency DAAD are responsible for the content or liable for any losses or damage resulting of the use of these resources. Strategic Partnership Ancient Cities Module 1: Why does it matter Introducing the topic "Here it is. This is my city, this is where civilization was really born!" Herodes gestured wildly, pointing out the window at the stunning view of the whole city, lying outside with the acropolis as its heart. Regilla forced a smile as she studied the city before her. The pride of her husband was so obvious. She did not dare to admit that she missed Rome and the shade in the garden of her father’s house. “That over there, down from the acropolis is the agora. It is the forefather of your Roman forum. Before you Romans came, this was the place of democracy!” Regilla was surprised that her husband suddenly did not refer to himself as a Roman. In Rome he could hardly be Roman enough. Here, in Athens, he was Greek through and through. She wondered what else was different now they had left Italy. She pushed the thoughts away and let herself be caught up by his happiness and pride. "That over there is where I plan my aqueduct! I was thinking of maybe adding a great fountain or something right about here...” He pointed. “Maybe you could help me with the project? It would be fitting since you are now a priestess of this city.” Regilla felt warm all over. He wanted to build something with her? He valued her opinion! Maybe her stay in the city would turn out just fine after all. She looked at the city again. Maybe this could be her city as well. “It is gorgeous, Herodes. Amazing! And what is that over there?” She pointed to an monumental area further away. “That is Kerameikos. In front is the potter’s quarters and outside the old walls is our old necropolis. Many heroes of the Greek world are buried there. The memorials there are as grand as any Roman monuments!" She smiled warmly, completely won over by his enthusiasm. “Maybe we could discuss the fountain tonight at the dinner?” “Don’t be ridiculous, Regilla.” He stepped away from the window, suddenly all the joy was drained from his voice. His eyes cold. “You are not attending that dinner. Ladies do not dine with men in civilized society. You are not in Rome anymore.” He swept out of the room, leaving her with burning cheeks and the hidden giggles of her slave girls. Voices from the past and present The quotes below relate to cities, especially ancient cities, and how they affect us: “A city isn’t so unlike a person. They both have the marks to show they have many stories to tell. They see many faces. They tear things down and make new again.” (Rasmenia Massoud, contemporary American author, from “Broken Abroad”.) “Men make the city and not walls or ships without men in them” (Nicias, Athenian general, second half of the 5th c. BC, according to Thucydides in History of the Peloponnesian War, book 7, chapter 77, paragraph 7) The creation of these resources has been co-funded by the ERASMUS+ grant programme of the European Union under grant no. 2017-1-DE01-KA203-003537 (funding period 2017-2020; total grant 364.923,00 €). Neither the European Commission nor the project's national funding agency DAAD are responsible for the content or liable for any losses or damage resulting of the use of these resources. Strategic Partnership Ancient Cities “I found Rome a city of bricks and left it a city of marble.” (Augustus, Roman emperor, 63 BC-14 AD, according to Suetonius, Lives of the Caesars, Divus Augustus, book 28, chapter 3) “Rome has grown since its humble beginnings that it is now overwhelmed by its own greatness.” (Livy, Roman historian, 59 BC – 17 AD, in From the Founding of the City, preface line 4) Relevant maps for this module The maps below can help you get an overview of the location of the ancient Greek and Roman cities mentioned in the MOOC. A first look at Greek and Roman cities The images below are of some key sites in Athens and Rome, namely the Athenian Acropolis and the city square, also called forum in Latin and agora in Greek. Click on the image to go to the website and get additional information. What will I learn After taking this module you will be able to 1. Compare ancient and modern cities and identify similarities and differences. 2. Reason archaeologically for investigating in cities. 3. Define what the ancient city was. 4. Identify key elements of the ancient city. 5. Get a preliminary understanding of the research history of Greek and Roman Cities Key words of this module Urbanization, impact of ancient cities on later urban development, resilience and problems of cities, defining a city, urban societies vs non-urban societies. The creation of these resources has been co-funded by the ERASMUS+ grant programme of the European Union under grant no. 2017-1-DE01-KA203-003537 (funding period 2017-2020; total grant 364.923,00 €). Neither the European Commission nor the project's national funding agency DAAD are responsible for the content or liable for any losses or damage resulting of the use of these resources. Strategic Partnership Ancient Cities Important to know Acropolis Early Greek settlements, which were often placed on natural high grounds. These later often developed into the centres of larger settlements. The most well-known is the acropolis in Athens where the famous Athena Parthenos temple still stands today. Forum The forum was the grand public space in every Roman city. Here gods were worshipped, politics were made, and trades of all sorts were found here. The most known Roman forum today is Forum Romanum in Rome. Agora The agora was the central public space in the ancient Greek cities. As in the forum here gods could be worshipped and political life thrived alongside trade. Hippodamean system This system was developed by Hippodamus of Miletus in the 5th century BC. It is a plan for founding a city from a grid. Urban Revolution The Australian archaeologist V. Gordon Childe introduced the term “Urban Revolution” to describe the emergence of the cities. This transition marked an important step in the history of humankind. Why do ancient cities matter today? Today, cities are more important than ever: for the first time in human history, most of us are living in cities. By looking at ancient Greek and Roman cities, we can learn more about the variety of urban experiences. How could people with different cultures, languages and religions coexist, and even flourish? And how come some of these ancient cities did not survive, while others remain major cities today, having stood the test of time? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZ8MUbuxpmc What is a city? What is a city? This video deals with a seemingly simple question. But is it really that simple? You will hear about attempts to define urbanism and the emergence of the first cities in human history. https://youtu.be/GA6s85B0Y58 The creation of these resources has been co-funded by the ERASMUS+ grant programme of the European Union under grant no. 2017-1-DE01-KA203-003537 (funding period 2017-2020; total grant 364.923,00 €). Neither the European Commission nor the project's national funding agency DAAD are responsible for the content or liable for any losses or damage resulting of the use of these resources. Strategic Partnership Ancient Cities What did an ancient city look like? We admire and appreciate ancient monuments, but what about the overall city’s layout of which they were once an integral part? In this video we are going to examine the urban form and urban design principles of ancient Greek and Roman cities. https://youtu.be/4ROxkA3tNJ8 Chronology and geography of the ancient world The story we will tell you through this video and the topics we will discuss together are part of an extensive chronological framework, spanning nearly two millennia (from the 8th century BC to at least the 5th century AD), and a vast geographical area centred on the Mediterranean, ranging from the Straits of Gibraltar to the Indus, from the North Sea to Arabia, from the Danube to North Africa. https://youtu.be/t2Lc4klmc7g Why do you know it? Where does our knowledge of Greek and Roman cities come from? Where do the scientists studying ancient cities work? In this video you will get a brief insight into the history of the exploration of Greek and Roman cities. https://youtu.be/oH7OBxVSHKQ Bonus video: Rome: A Centre for the Study of Ancient Cities Rome has been continuously important since antiquity, so it was natural that Rome became a centre for the study of ancient urbanism. Rome offers a rich research environment through its many universities and foreign academies. So why are these institutions important today for the study of ancient cities? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5KBmxYIH5Q The creation of these resources has been co-funded by the ERASMUS+ grant programme of the European Union under grant no.
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