The Making of Medieval Rome Hendrik Dey Index More Information

Home , Aqua Claudia, Basilica of Maxentius, Basilica Ulpia, Baths of Agrippa, Baths of Diocletian, Caelian Hill

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-83853-5 — The Making of Medieval Rome Hendrik Dey Index More Information

INDEX

Adelspapsttum, 171, 186 aqua alessandrina, 283 Porta Tiburtina (S. Lorenzo), 107, 253, Adeodatus, Pope, 87 Aqua Antoniniana, 24 257 Aëtius, Flavius, general, 52 Aqua Claudia, 22, 91, 115, 120, 146, Aurelian, Emperor, 23 Agatho, Pope, 273 147–8, 151 Aventine Hill, 40, 162, 228–30 Aistulf, King of the Lombards, 110 Aqua Jovia (Iobia), 91, 115, 137, 151 Avignon, removal of papacy to, 8–9, 213, Alaric I, King of the Visigoths, 36 Aqua Marcia-Tepula-Julia, 283 217 sacks Rome in 410, 37 Aqua Sabbatina. See aqueducts: Aqua Avitus, Emperor, 54 Alberic I, Duke of Spoleto, 141 Traiana Alberic II, princeps Romanorum, 142, 148, Aqua Traiana, 20, 75, 91, 115, 137, 164, Ballardini, Antonella, 119 159, 167, 294 273 baptisteries, 29 Alberti, Leon Battista, 257–8 Aqua Virgo, 18, 91, 115, 137, 252 Lateran, 77, 193 Albinus, urban prefect, 42 Arcadius, Emperor, 37 S. Anastasia, 265 Alexander II, Pope, 172, 189 archaeology, medieval S. Vitale, 265 Alexander III, Pope, 2, 196 methods and practices, 5–6, 41, 89, 144, SS. Quattro Coronati, 265, 295 Alexander IV, Pope, 238 201–4, 219 Barbarossa. See Frederick I, King/Emperor Alexander V, Pope, 253 arches, triumphal, 37 barons (barones Urbis), 213–16, 253 Alfanus camerarius, 194, 200 Arcionii family, 187 urban strongholds of, 228–34 Amalasunta, Queen of the Ostrogoths, 64, arcus Constantini, 20 Bartolo da Sassoferrato, 301 66 Argiletum, 127, 131, 203 Basilica Aemilia, 15, 39, 44, 55, 62, 75, 133, Ammianus Marcellinus, 25 ascesa Proti, 159 202 Anacletus II, antipope, 195, 297, 298 Athalaric, King of the Ostrogoths, 66 basilica argentaria, 16 Anastasius, Cardinal, 192–4 atrium Libertatis, 43, 62 Basilica Hilariana, 40, 178 Anastasius, Pope, 85 atrium Minervae, 11, 46 Basilica Julia, 15, 44, 134 Annibaldi family, 187, 215, 253, 302 Aula Gotica, 236–8 basilica nova. See Basilica of Maxentius annona, 34–5, 42, 51–2, 65, 72 Aurelian Wall, 3, 35–6, 62, 67, 73, Basilica of Junius Bassus, 58 end of, 93–4 79, 95, 107, 115, 117, 124, Basilica of Maxentius, 15, 30, 156 Anonimo Romano, 301–6 137, 148, 206–9, 223, 253, basilica Salvatoris. See churches: Lateran Anonymous Valesianus, 273 257, 305 Basilica (St. John Lateran) Anthemius, Emperor, 54 Porta Appia, 73, 76, 253 Basilica Ulpia, 17, 48, 128 Antiochus, prefect of Italy, 72 Porta Asinaria (S. Giovanni), 151 Baths of Agrippa, 18, 46 aqueducts, 7, 23, 46, 62, 67, 75, 91, 115, Porta Maggiore, 145–8, 253 Baths of Caracalla, 24, 46, 62, 196, 279 173 Porta Metronia, 148–50, 206–7 Baths of Constantine, 46, 62, 279 Acqua Marana, 151, 252 Porta Ostiensis (S. Paolo), 253 Baths of Decius, 46, 279

332

INDEX 333

Baths of Diocletian, 24, 46, 279 campus Lateranensis, 119, 247 10th-century ‘crisis’ of, 139–42 Baths of Nero, 46, 161 Campus Martius, 17–19, 44, 89, 96, 160–2, 11th-century architectural patronage, Baths of Titus, 22 174, 177, 178, 203–4, 230–2, 248–50, 188–9 Baths of Trajan, 22, 23, 97, 268, 279 253, 256, 295 12th-century architectural patronage, Belisarius, 66, 67 Canale di Ponte, 251, 255–6 190–205 founds a xenodochium, 84 Cannapara, 134 12th-century cityscaping initiatives, bell towers. See churches: campanili (bell Capitoline Hill, 14, 240–2, 251, 257 201–5 towers) Capocci family, 183 13th/14th-century architectural Benedetto campanino, 165, 167 Giovanni Capocci, 210 patronage, 238–48 Benedetto Carushomo, 206 Raniero Capocci, Cardinal, 303 15th-century architectural patronage, Benedict IX, Pope, 171 carcer Mamertinus, 276 255–9 Benedict of Soracte, 84 Carocci, Sandro, 216 administrative apparatus in Byzantine Benedict X, antipope, 172 Carolingian Renaissance, 121 period, 70–1 Benedict XII, Pope, 248 Carpegna Falconieri, Tommaso charitable activities in the early Middle Benedict, canon of St. Peter’s, 80, 205 di, 185 Ages, 93–4 Berardi family, 174 casali, 216 Christianization of Roman Forum, 82–5 Boethius, senator, 278 Cassiodorus Senator Great Reform movement, 171–3, 185–7 Bolgia, Claudia, 241 Variae, 61–3, 64 late antique expansion of, 25–32 Boniface IV, Pope, 74, 83, 87 Variae, 65 Lateran bureaucracy, 143 Boniface IX, Pope, 218, 248, 253 Castel Sant’Angelo, 67, 115, 124, 164, 181, patrimonium Sancti Petri, 114 Boniface VIII, Pope, 216, 237, 244, 247 206, 210, 232, 253, 255 under Byzantine rule, 74–5 Bordi, Giulia, 153, 293 castelli, 216 churches Borgo. See Vatican Castra Misenatium, 21 annular crypt, 121 Brancaleone degli Andalò, 185, 217, 303 Castra Peregrina, 40 campanili (bell-towers), 198–201, 223 brick stamps Cavallini, Pietro, 239, 241, 243–4, 247 cemetery-basilicas, 27–8 of Athalaric, 272 Celestine II, Pope, 47 Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, Oratory of, 83, of Theodoric, 62 Celestine III, Pope, 215 85, 106, 202 bridges Cencius camerarius, 213, 249 See also Lateran Basilica (St. John Lateran), 26, Pons Cestius, 164, 207, 250 Honorius III, Pope 38, 46, 87, 115, 141, 165, 245–7 Pons Fabricius, 164, 174, 250 Cencius praefecti Stephani, 181 S. Adriano, 70, 82, 84, 166, 191, 201, 293 Pons Iudaeorum, 174 ceramics, 7, 176 S. Agata dei Goti, 57 Pons Maior, 164, 174, 250, 305 8th-century decline in imports, 104 S. Agnese, 277 Ponte Lucano, 73 African Red Slip (ARS), 98, 104 S. Agnese fuori le mura, 27, 63, 77 Ponte Mammolo, 73 Byzantine era, 96 S. Agnese in Agone, 94 Ponte Milvio, 206 Forum Ware, 7, 176–7 S. Anastasia, 26, 31, 79–80, 276 Ponte Nomentano, 73 maiolica, 179 S. Andrea (on Via Labicana), 277 Ponte Salario, 73 Roman proto-maiolica, 179 S. Andrea in Catabarbara, 58 Ponte Sant’Angelo, 2, 79, 124, 162, 181, sparse-glazed ware, 7, 177–8 S. Angelo in Pescheria, 111, 251, 252 203, 250, 251, 255–6 Charlemagne, King of the Franks, 110 S. Balbina, 31 burials palace at Aachen, 284 S. Bartolomeo all’Isola, 191, 223 at cemetery-basilicas, 27–8 Charles of Anjou, 217, 237 S. Biagio alla Pagnotta, 189 distribution and characteristics of, 94–6 Charles the Bald, Emperor, 141 S. Bibiana, 271 ﬁrst intramural instances of, 38 charters, 144, 181 S. Cecilia, 40, 121–3, 189, 205, 243, 269 Registrum Sublacense, 145–51 S. Ciriaco, 277 Cadalus of Parma, antipope, 172, 181 Church of Rome S. Clemente, 30, 57, 189, 192–4, 201, Caelian Hill, 22, 39–40, 148–51, 178, 5th-century assertion of ecclesiastical 204, 223, 293 191–4 primacy, 69–70 S. Cosimato, 189, 223 Caetani family, 216, 228 5th-century church-building, 46–51 S. Crisogono, 121, 194–5, 204 Francesco Caetani, Cardinal, 238 8th-century architectural patronage, S. Ermete (on Via Salaria), 277 palace on the Via Appia (Capodibove), 105–8, 111–20 S. Francesca Romana. See churches: 226 8th-century break with Byzantium, S. Maria Nova Callixtus II, Pope, 194 102–4 S. Giovanni a Porta Latina, 277 Campo de’ Fiori, 251 9th-century architectural patronage, S. Gregorio Magno, 192 campsores, 250 120–5 S. Lorenzo de ascesa, 168 campus Agonis. See Piazza Navona 9th-century privatization of public S. Lorenzo fuori le mura, 27, 46, 77, 86, 210 campus Agrippae, 23 spaces, 135–6 S. Lorenzo in Damaso, 85, 89 campus Bruttianus et Codetanus, 20 10th/11th-century architectural S. Lorenzo in Lucina, 46, 223 campus Kaloleonis, 158 patronage, 165 S. Lorenzo in Miranda, 293

334 INDEX

churches (cont.) S. Vitale (titulus Vestinae), 57, 85 Frangipane and Annibaldi fortresses at, S. Lucia de Calcarario, 282 Sancta Sanctorum chapel, 120 228 S. Lucia in Selci, 278 SS. Alessio e Bonifacio, 293 high medieval occupation of, 152 S. Lucia in xenodochio Anichiorum, 282 SS. Apostoli, 86, 158, 252, 294 late antique cemetery at, 38 S. Marco, 26, 31, 85, 284 SS. Cosma e Damiano, 63–4, 82, 130 senatorial inscriptions at, 60 S. Maria ad martyres. See churches: SS. Giovanni e Paolo (titulus colossus of Nero, 16 Pantheon Pammachii), 30, 57, 85, 148 column of Marcus Aurelius, 18 S. Maria Antiqua, 78, 83, 84, 105–6, 111, SS. Marcellino e Pietro, 108 column of Phokas, 75, 286 128, 165 SS. Marcellino e Pietro flm, 27 column of Trajan, 17, 209 S. Maria de ferarriis, 249 SS. Nereo ed Achilleo, 296 Concordat of Worms, 190, 194, 202 S. Maria de inferno, 202 SS. Quattro Coronati, 31, 192–3, 224, Conrad III, King/Emperor, 206 S. Maria degli Angeli, 24 284 Constans II, Emperor, 74 S. Maria in Aquiro, 108 SS. Quattro Coronati (cardinal’s palace), Constantine I, Emperor, 3, 23, 26, 28, 121 S. Maria in Aracoeli, 240–2, 252 234–8 Constantinople, 70 S. Maria in Campo Carlèo, 168 SS. Quirico e Giulitta, 293 Church council “in Trullo,” 104 S. Maria in Cannapara, 83 SS. Sergio e Bacco, 83, 85, 252, 300 Cosmidion monastery, 82 S. Maria in Cappella, 189 SS. Sergio e Bacco (at the Vatican), 108 Hagia Sophia, 63 S. Maria in Cosmedin, 82, 194 St. Paul’s, 26, 28, 46, 86, 125, 137, 165, imperial palace, 120 S. Maria in Domnica, 121–3, 148 210, 247, 269, 278, 297 Mese, 81 S. Maria in gradibus, chapel of, 165 St. Peter’s, 2, 26, 46, 79, 86, 106, 113, Constantius II, Emperor, 25 S. Maria in Monticelli, 191 124, 166, 247, 253, 257–8, 300 constitutio pragmatica. See Pragmatic S. Maria in Pallara, 153–5, 165, 293 St. Petronilla, chapel of, 111, 113 Sanction S. Maria in Portico, 189 St. Theodore, oratory of (at Porta construction techniques, 76–9, 108–10, S. Maria in Trastevere, 85, 195–8, 204, Maggiore), 146 115–17, 154–5, 164, 208, 219–28 205, 223, 243, 300 titular churches (tituli), 88, 95 opus caementicium, 221–2 S. Maria in Via Lata, 252, 293 titular churches (tituli), definition and opus incertum, 221 S. Maria Maggiore, 47–8, 51, 87, 244–5, characteristics of, 28–31, 85 opus latericium, 29, 116, 223 248 titulus Crescentianae, 85 opus quadratum, 111, 131, 154, 167, 221 S. Maria Nova, 135, 152, 155–6, 196 Via Ardeatina, funerary basilica, 27–8 opus sectile, 192–3, 196 S. Maria Secundicerii, 288 ciconiae nixae, 18 opus signinum, 146 S. Maria sopra Minerva, 242–3, 252 Circus Flaminius, 18 opus vittatum, 30, 76–9, 89, 108, 206, S. Martina, 83 Circus Maximus, 20, 44, 94, 181, 275 208, 223 S. Martino ai Monti, 63, 271, 284 cityscape, definition of, 5 tufelli, 183, 224–8 S. Nicola de Calcarario, 167 civitas Leonina. See Vatican, walls of Conti family, 185, 215, 228 S. Nicola in Carcere, 81, 194, 276 Clement II, Pope, 171 Stefano Conti, Cardinal, 234–7 S. Nicomede (on Via Nomentana), 277 Clement IV, Pope, 238 contrade, 139, 175 S. Pancrazio, 63, 121, 275, 277 Clement V, Pope, 217 Calderario, 174 S. Pietro in Vincoli (titulus Apostolorum), clivus Scauri, 148 contrada de Arcionibus, 187 46, 48–9, 51 Coates-Stephens, Robert, 75, 90, 115, 145, S. Eustachio, 174 S. Prassede, 121–3 155, 270 cosmatesque pavements. See construction S. Pudenziana (titulus Pudentis), 31, 189, coinage techniques: opus sectile 296 first communal issues, 283 Crescentius murcapullo, 150 S. Saba, 293 first papal issues, 104 Crescenzi family, 143, 173 S. Sabina, 47, 51 in the 10th century, 288 Crypta Balbi, 7, 44, 62, 72, 96–100, 104–5, S. Salvatore in rota Colisei, 153 in the Byzantine era, 98, 104 128, 162, 202, 203, 205 S. Sebastiano (basilica Apostolorum), 27 of Pope Hadrian I, 114 cryptae, 152, 156, 161, 164 S. Sebastiano al Palatino. See churches: Cola di Rienzo, 217–8, 242 curatores, 73, 75 S. Maria in Pallara College of Cardinals, 294 Curia athletarum, 48 S. Silvestro chapel (at SS. 4 Coronati), Colonna family, 216, 230–1, 244–5, 253 Curia Senatus, 11, 39, 43, 46, 62, 70 235 chapel at Aracoeli, 242 Curiosum urbis Romae regionum XIIII. See S. Silvestro in Capite, 85, 113 chapel at S. Maria sopra Minerva, 243 Regionary Catalogues S. Spirito in Sassia, 210, 253 Giacomo Colonna, Cardinal, 244–5 S. Stefano Rotondo, 40, 57, 148, 296 Giovanni Colonna, senator, 245 Dark Ages, historiography of, 6, 72, 99, S. Susanna, 284 Pietro Colonna, Cardinal, 244 137–8, 143 S. Teodoro, 83 Colosseum, 21, 44 De varietate Fortunae (Poggio Bracciolini), S. Urbano alla Caffarella, 190, 293 6th-century spoliation of, 63 257 S. Valentino, 277 early medieval burials at, 95 Decius patricius, 60 S. Venanzio chapel, 77 end of traditional spectacles at, 94 Delogu, Paolo, 274, 280

INDEX 335

demographics Epiphanius, Flavius Annius Eucharius, Gregory I, Pope, 74, 86, 87, 121 population decline in late antiquity, urban prefect, 43 Gregory II, Pope, 105, 107, 108 33–5, 42, 51–2, 58–9, 64–6 Esquiline Hill, 145–8 Gregory III, Pope, 74, 107–8 population decline in the late Middle Eugene III, Pope, 206, 210 Gregory IV, Pope, 123 Ages, 217–18 Eugene IV, Pope, 256 Gregory IX, Pope, 210, 300 population growth in the 11th century, Eugenius (usurper), 26 Gregory VII, Pope, 172, 181, 189 161–2 Dictatus Papae, 294 population growth in the high Middle Faustus, Acilius Anicius Aginatius, urban Gregory X, Pope, 238 Ages, 144, 217 prefect, 46 Gregory XI, Pope, 218, 248, 249 population in the 10th century, 138 Faustus, Anicius Acilius Glabrio, urban Guibert of Ravanna, antipope, 172, 190 population in the 8th-9th centuries, 126 prefect, 44 Guidobaldi, Federico, 201–4 settlement distribution in the 10th Felice Società dei Balestrieri e Pavesati, 218, century, 138, 159–64 252 Hadrian I, Pope, 81, 93, 110, 113, 114–15, settlement distribution in the early Felici tabernacle (S. Maria in Aracoeli), 242 117, 200 Middle Ages, 87–9, 90–1, 115 Felix IV, Pope, 64 Hadrian II, Pope, 138 settlement distribution in the high ferrarii, 249 Hadrian IV, Pope, 1–3 Middle Ages, 173–9 Flavian Amphitheater. See Colosseum Helena, Empress (mother of Constantine), settlement distribution in the late Middle ﬂoods, 41, 96, 126, 160 23 Ages, 248–50 Formosus, Pope, 140 Henry III, King/Emperor, 171–2 dendrophori, 40 forum transitorium. See forums: Nerva, Henry IV, King/Emperor, 172–3 Descriptio Lateranensis Ecclesiae, 165, 293 forum of Henry V, King/Emperor, 190, 194 Desiderius of Montecassino, 189 forums Heraclius, Emperor, 74 Desiderius, King of the Lombards, 110 Augustus, forum of, 16, 60, 131, 156 Hilarus, Pope, 86 diaconiae, 81–2, 87–8, 91–2, 93–4 Caesar, forum of, 16, 43, 129–30, 157 Hildebrand, archdeacon. See Gregory VII, S. Angelo in Pescheria, 111 Forum Boarium, 19, 79, 251 Pope S. Giorgio in Velabro, 82 Forum Holitorium, 19, 79, 251 Honorius I, Pope, 63, 74, 75, 77, 83, 87, S. Maria in Cosmedin, 82 Forum Romanum, 10, 11–16, 64, 75, 277–2 S. Nicola in Carcere, 82 82–4, 127, 133–5, 155–6, 201, 252, Honorius III, Pope, 210, 300 SS. Sergio e Bacco, 134 292 Honorius IV, Pope, 230, 242 Diario Romano (Antonio di Pietro dello forum suarium, 23 Honorius, Emperor, 23, 42–4 Schiavo), 253 Nerva, forum of, 16, 130, 131–3, 157, Horrea Galbes et Aniciana, 20 domus (senatorial), 22, 25, 35, 54, 62 202, 252, 291 Hubert, Étienne, 7, 90, 182–3, 187, 203 “House of Sallust,” 39 Peace, forum of (templum Pacis), 10, 16, at Vicus Caprarius, 54 39, 61, 64, 129–30, 157 iconoclasm, 105, 123 domus Philippi, 22 Trajan, forum of, 16, 37, 60, 128, incastellamento, 168, 185 domus Victiliana, 22 129–31, 157–9, 168, 222, 291 Innocent I, Pope, 85 in Piazza dei Cinquecento, 54 Frangipane family, 156, 173, 174, 181, 206, Innocent II, Pope, 195, 205, 297 in Via del Tempio di Diana, 40 228 Innocent III, Pope, 184, 209–10, 213, 303 of the Valerii, 39 Franks, 118 Innocent IV, Pope, 238, 240, 303 domus Augustana, 61 alliance with papacy, 110 Innocent VII, Pope, 253 domus Tiberiana, 61, 106, 108 waning of Italian hegemony (late 9th insulae, 25, 40, 302–10 domuscultae, 105, 111, 124 century), 140–2 in Via Capodiferro, 278 Donation of Constantine, 3, 71, 119, 172, Frederick I, King/Emperor, 1–3, 172, 297 in Via di San Paolo alla Regola, 278 191, 235 Frederick II, King/Emperor, 238 insula Felicles, 18 Durliat, Jean, 35, 52, 93 insula militena et drachonarii, 81 Galla Placidia, Empress, 46 insula of the Aracoeli, 89 earthquakes, 41, 46, 52, 59, 60, 128, gardens, 20, 23 Iohannipolis, 125, 137 135 Horti Sallustiani, 39 Itinerarium Salisburgense, 80 Edict of Milan, 3, 8 Genseric, King of the Vandals, 53 Einsiedeln Itineraries, 126–7, 275, 276 Gerontius, Life of Melania, 40 Janiculum Hill, 75, 91, 115 Emporium. See Porticus Aemilia Gerontius, vir spectabilis, 272 John III, Pope, 86, 277 Ennodius of Pavia, 63 Giannini, Nicoletta, 183, 198, 297 John IX, Pope, 140–1, 293 epigraphy Giotto, 239, 247 John of Crema, 195, 204 5th-century building inscriptions, 56 Glycerius, Emperor, 54 John VII, Pope, 104–6, 108 5th-century dedications of statues, 55–6 Golden House (domus aurea), 22 John VIII, Pope, 125, 137, 139, 288 senatorial inscriptions at Colosseum, 60 Gothic War, 66–8 John XII, Pope, 293 12th-century building inscriptions, Great Western Schism, 9, 218, 253 John XIII, Pope, 142, 165, 200, 293 206–7 Gregoriopolis (Ostia), 124 John XV, Pope, 166

336 INDEX

John XXII, Pope, 247 Martin V, Pope, 9, 218, 238, 254, 256 Octavian (Pope John XII), son of Alberic, Julian “the Apostate,” Emperor, 26 Master Gregory (Magister Gregorius), 185 142 Julius Nepos, Emperor, 54 mausoleum of Augustus, 18, 230 Odeum of Domitian, 18 Justin I, Emperor, 93 mausoleum of Hadrian. See Castel Odo of Cluny, 167 Justin II, Emperor, 84 Sant’Angelo Odoacer, 54, 59–60 Justinian I, Emperor, 66, 72–3, 94 Mazzarino, Santo, 34, 65 Olympiodorus of Thebes, 42 Justinianic Code (Corpus Iuris Civilis), 109 Meneghini, Roberto, 60, 159, 168 Oppian Hill, 22, 48, 291 monasteries, 167, 277 opus listatum. See construction techniques: kalatores, 276 “monasteries of the diaconia,” 91–2 opus vittatum Kaloleus (10th-century aristocrat), 158, boetiana, 278 Ordines Romani, 81 168 in houses of early medieval popes, 87–8 Orlandi, Silvia, 56 Katermaa-Ottela, Aino, 181 monasterium in catacumbas, 277 Orsini family, 215, 231–2, 253 Krautheimer, Richard, 6–8, 9, 26, 47, 69, 71, monasterium maior sancti Petri, 86 chapel at S. Maria sopra Minerva, 243 89, 90, 121, 249, 250, 269, 274, 283 S. Andrea, 87 Ostia, 123 S. Basilio, 131, 156 Otto I, King/Emperor, 142 La pittura medievale a Roma 312–1431 (M. S. Erasmo, 148–50 Otto III, King/Emperor, 142 Andaloro and S. Romano eds.), 248 S. Lorenzo in Pallacinis, 280 Otto of Freising, Bishop, 1–2 Ladislas, King of Naples, 253 S. Maria in Aventino, 167 Largo Argentina, 44, 167–8, 183, 202 S. Maria in Campo Marzio, 188 Palatine Hill, 11, 61, 73–4, 80, 105–6, 108, Lateran palace, 118–20, 138, 140, 151, 156, S. Silvestro in Capite, 113, 188 181 192, 194, 203, 249 S. Sisto, 300 Palladius, Praetorian Prefect of Italy, 42 loggia delle benedizioni, 247 S. Stefano Maior, 278 Pantheon. See temples: Pantheon Sancta Sanctorum chapel, 239 SS. Benedetto e Scolastica (Subiaco), Papareschi family, 174 Leo I, Pope, 46, 70, 86 145 Paschal I, Pope, 120–3 Leo III, Emperor, 105, 107 SS. Ciriaco e Nicola, 161–2, 167, 187, Paschal II, Pope, 190–4, 201–4 Leo III, Pope, 119–20, 277 209 Paul I, Pope, 113 Leo IV, Pope, 124–5, 128, 135, 163 SS. Cosma e Damiano in mica aurea, 165, Pelagius I, Pope, 277 Leo VIII, Pope, 142, 159 167, 188 Pelagius II, Pope, 87 Leopolis, 125 St. Paul’s fuori le mura, 108 Perchuk, Alison, 196 Liber Pontiﬁcalis Tre Fontane (ad aquas salvias), 84 Petronius Maximus, Emperor, 53 historiography of, 71–2, 75, 139 Montecitorio, 230 Petrus consul et dux, 167 Licinia Eudoxia, Empress, 48 Montegiordano, 232 Petrus medicus, 154, 167 Liutprand, King of the Lombards, 107 municipal statutes of 1363, 219, 252 Phokas, Emperor, 70, 74 Lo Cascio, Elio, 34–5, 52, 65 municipal statutes of 1452, 256 Piazza Giudea, 251 Lombards Muñoz, Antonio, 47 Piazza Navona, 18, 94, 177 besiege Rome in 756, 110, 113 muratores, 223 Piazza Venezia, 202 invade Italy in 560s, 71 Hadrianic auditoriums at, 100–1, 128, Longinianus, Flavius Macrobius, urban Naples 203 prefect, 36 diaconiae at, 92 Pierleoni family, 173–4, 194, 196, 206 Lothar I, King/Emperor, 124 Narses, general, 72–4 Giordano Pierleoni, 298 Lothar II, King/Emperor, 297 founds churches, 84, 277 Pincian Hill, 23 Louis II of Anjou, 253 Nicholas I, Pope, 137 Pippin II, King of the Franks, 110 Ludus Magnus, 21 Nicholas II, Pope, 172, 199 plagues Nicholas III, Pope, 211, 215, 239–40, 242, Black Death, 217–18 Magistri ediﬁciorum, 209, 252, 255–6 303 in late antiquity, 38 Majorian, Emperor, 269 Nicholas IV, Pope, 216, 244–7 plans of Rome, 219 Manetti, Giannozzo, 257–8 Nicholas V, Pope, 255–9, 305 Plato, curator palatii, 74, 106 Marazzi, Federico, 32 Nicomachus the Younger, Virius Flavius, pomerium, 95 Marchetti Longhi, Giuseppe, 80 urban prefect, 37 Pons Aemilius. See bridges: Pons Maior Marchiori, Laura, 155 Noble, T. F. X., 104, 113 porticus absidata, 16 Marcus, Pope, 28 Normans Porticus Aemilia, 20 Markets of Trajan, 184, 278 kingdom of southern Italy, 172 porticus Crinorum, 81 marmorarii, 192, 223 sack of Rome in 1084, 173, 191 porticus curva, 62 magister Cosmatus, 239 notaries (notai), 219 porticus Divorum, 18 Vassaletto, 300 Notitia urbis Romae. See Regionary porticus Fabarius, 20 Marozia, Roman noblewoman/nun, 147 Catalogues porticus Gallatorum, 80 Marozia, senatrix Romanorum, 142 porticus maior (S. Petri), 115, 126, Martin I, Pope, 70, 103 obsonium, 42, 52, 65 163, 251

INDEX 337

porticus maximae, 79–82, 111, 127, 189, Santangeli Valenzani, Riccardo, 60, 87, 131, Stephen V, Pope, 140 203–4, 231–2, 250, 251, 256 158, 167, 288 Stephen VI, Pope, 140 porticus Minucia vetus et frumentaria, 18, 44, Saracens Stilicho, magister utriusque militiae, 36–7 162 attacks on Rome in the 840s, 124 suarii, 34–5, 52 Porticus Octaviae, 18, 183, 251, 275 sack Centumcellae in 813, 125 Subura, 16, 183 Porticus of Meleager, 18 settlements in Italy, 141 Sylvester I, Pope, 71 Porticus of the Argonauts, 18 Savelli family, 228–30 Symmachus, Aurelius Anicius, urban porticus Philippi, 18, 275 chapel at S. Maria sopra Minerva, 243 prefect, 44 Portus, 20, 125 chapel at the Aracoeli, 242 Symmachus, Pope, 63, 86 Portus Licini, 62 Pandolfo Savelli, 242 praefectus annonae, 273 schola Anglorum, 118 Tebaldi family, 174 Pragmatic Sanction of 554, 72–3 scorticlari, 161 Temple of Peace/templum Pacis. See for- Priester, Ann, 198–200 secretarium Senatus, 43, 62 ums:Peace, forum of primates romani, 143 Senate House. See Curia Senatus temples Probianus, Gabinius Vettius, urban prefect, Senate of Rome, ancient, 44 Antoninus and Faustina, temple of, 293 44 5th-century impoverishment of, 53 Antoninus Pius, temple of, 15 processional ceremonies, 79–82, 203–4, charitable foundations in late antiquity, Apollo, temple of, 111 213 87 Bellona, temple of, 111 Procopius of Caesarea, 39, 66–7, 94, 270, dissolution of, 70, 86 Caesar, temple of the Divine, 133 310 role under Odoacer and Theodoric, 60 Castor and Pollux, temple of, 15 ptochium, 87, 92 support for usurper Eugenius, 26 Claudius, temple of the Divine Senate of Rome, medieval, 1–3, 200 (Claudianum), 22 Ravenna, 70 senatorial palace, 201, 206, 239, 248, Concord, temple of, 287 church-building at, 63 257, 303 Elagabalus, temple of, 61 Regia, 133 Septizodium, 181 Hadrian, temple of, 18 Regionary Catalogues, 10–25 Sergius I, Pope, 104, 273, 277 Hercules, round temple of, 20 relics Sergius III, Pope, 140, 142, 165 Isis and Serapis, temple of, 18 intramural translations of, 113, 122 Sergius primicerius, 146 Jupiter Optimus Maximus, temple of, 14, residential architecture see also domus (sen- Severan Marble Plan, 10 53, 62 atorial); insulae; tower houses Show Area, 11, 15, 17, 21, 25, 26, 28, 31, 37, Marcus Aurelius, temple of, 18 (casetorri) 39, 44, 60, 64, 82, 85, 86, 87, 94, 96, Mars ultor, temple of, 16, 60, 131, 156 baronial strongholds, 228–34 106, 129, 135, 136, 151–60, 176, 177, Minerva Chalcidica, temple of, 18 cardinals’ palaces, 234–9 179, 201 Minerva, temple of (in forum of Nerva), curtes, 133, 149, 159, 161–2, 167–8 Sidonius Apollinaris, 46 130 in the 10th century, 145–50, 157–9, Simplicius, Pope, 40, 58 Pantheon, 18, 74, 160–1, 251, 252 168–9 Sisinnius, Pope, 106 Portunus, temple of, 20, 276, 287 in the 9th century, 128–34 Sixtus III, Pope, 46–9 preservation of in late antiquity, 46 in the 13th century, 233 Sixtus IV, Pope, 258 Saturn, Temple of, 14 in the Byzantine period, 89–90 Smaragdus, Exarch, 75 Sun, temple of the (templum Solis), 23, in the high Middle Ages, 187–8 Spera, Lucrezia, 271, 275, 297 63 Ricimer, magister militum, 46, 54, 57 spolia, 62, 109–10, 195–6, 205, 223 Trajan, temple of the Divine, 16, 130 sacks Rome in 455, 54 9th-century spoliation of public Venus and Rome, temple of, 15, 74, 128, rioni, 139, 175, 187 monuments, 129–31 135, 156 Ripa Graeca, 19, 79, 81, 178, 250, 251 in 5th-century churches, 50–1 Venus genetrix, temple of, 16, 130 Ripa Grande, 164, 174, 250 Stadium of Domitian, 44, 292 Vespasian, temple of, 134 Ripa Romea. See Ripa Grande as locus of medieval spectacle, 94 Vesta, temple of, 15 Ripetta (river port), 174, 251 early medieval burials at, 95 Terme Alessandrine. See Baths of Nero Rocca Savella, 225, 228–30 statuary Testaccio, 20, 253, 291 Roma instaurata (Flavio Biondo), 257 dedications in late antiquity, 37 The Republic of St. Peter (T. F. X. Noble), Rome, Proﬁle of a City (Richard dedicatory inscriptions of, 55–6 104 Krautheimer), 6–8, 126, 138 Marcus Aurelius at the Lateran, 119 Theater of Balbus, 18, 44, 62 Romulus Augustulus, Emperor, 54, 59 she-wolf at the Lateran, 119 Theater of Marcellus, 18, 228, 251, 275 Rostra, 11, 133, 134 Stefaneschi family, 243–4 Theater of Pompey, 18, 44, 62, 231, 275 Rusuti, Filippo, 239, 244–5 Bertoldo Stefaneschi, 243 Theodora, wife of Theophylact, 142, 293 Giacopo Stefaneschi, Cardinal, 243 Theodoric, King of the Ostrogoths, 54, Saepta Julia, 18 Stephen II, Pope, 110, 111–13 61–4 Salita dei Borgia, 222 Stephen III, Pope, 111 Theodosian Code (Codex Theodosianus), Sant’Eustachio family, 174, 187 Stephen secundicerius, 288 51, 109

338 INDEX

Theodosius I, Emperor, 26 conquest of North Africa, 52–3 Via Sacra, 15, 127, 133, 155, 202, 286 Theodotus dux and primicerius, 111–13 sack of Rome in 455, 53–6 Via Tiburtina, 127 Theophylact, vestararius, 142–3, 169 Vatican, 174, 210, 251, 253–4, Via Triumphalis, 18, 79–82, 111, 127, Tor de’ Conti, 184, 222, 228 257–8 203–4, 250, 256 Torre delle Milizie, 184, 228 in the 8th century, 118 viability (roads), 126–8, 203–4, 256 Torriti, Jacopo, 239–40, 244–7 in the 10th–11th centuries, 162–4 Vicus Iugarius, 134 Totila, King of the Ostrogoths, 67, 73 papal palace, 210–12, 303 vigiles, 20, 22–3, 25 Toto, Duke of Nepi, 111 passetto, 211 Vigilius, Pope, 70, 72, 277 tower-houses (casetorri), 181–7 walls of, 2, 124–5, 163, 226, 249 vineyards Casa dei Crescenzi, 223 water supply to, 115 10th/11th-century expansion of, 150 Trastevere, 20, 40, 67, 89, 164–5, 174, 295 Velabrum, 20 Vitalian, Pope, 74 Trevi Fountain, 257 Vera, Domenico, 270 Vitigis, King of the Ostrogoths, 67 Triumphal Way. See Via Triumphalis Verdi, Orietta, 256 Vitti, Paolo, 73 Tullianum, 276 vestararius, 117, 142 Turin Catalogue, 250 Via Caelemontana, 22, 148–9, 151 water mills, 20, 75, 146–7, 164 turris pertundata, 232 via capitis Africae, 22, 148, 151 Wickham, Chris, 156 Tuscolani family, 143, 169, 172–3 Via del Pellegrino, 256 Via Flaminia. See Via Lata xenodochia, 87–8, 92, 93–4, 111 Urban II, Pope, 181 Via Lata, 17, 18, 23, 84, 88, 127, at Portus, 87 Urban IV, Pope, 238 157, 188, 202, 204–5, 256, in Platana, 111, 279 Urban V, Pope, 305 296 of Belisarius, 84 Urban VI, Pope, 218 via maior, 127, 155, 193, of the Anicii, 278, 282 203, 249–50 of the Valerii, 278 Valentinian III, Emperor, 43, 46, 52–3 Via Mercatoria, 232, 250–1, 256 Valila, Flavius, magister militum, 58 Via Papalis, 162, 203, 231, 256 Zacharias, Pope, 105, 107, 118, 281 Vandals Via Recta, 256 Zosimus, 38