Urban Fabric: the Built Environment
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Roman Entertainment
Roman Entertainment The Emergence of Permanent Entertainment Buildings and its use as Propaganda David van Alten (3374912) [email protected] Bachelor thesis (Research seminar III ‘Urbs Roma’) 13-04-2012 Supervisor: Dr. S.L.M. Stevens Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3 1: The development of permanent entertainment buildings in Rome ...................................... 9 1.1 Ludi circenses and the circus ............................................................................................ 9 1.2 Ludi scaenici and the theatre ......................................................................................... 11 1.3 Munus gladiatorum and the amphitheatre ................................................................... 16 1.4 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 19 2: The uncompleted permanent theatres in Rome during the second century BC ................. 22 2.0 Context ........................................................................................................................... 22 2.1 First attempts in the second century BC ........................................................................ 22 2.2 Resistance to permanent theatres ................................................................................ 24 2.3 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... -
A Study of the Pantheon Through Time Caitlin Williams
Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2018 A Study of the Pantheon Through Time Caitlin Williams Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the Classical Archaeology and Art History Commons Recommended Citation Williams, Caitlin, "A Study of the Pantheon Through Time" (2018). Honors Theses. 1689. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/1689 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Study of the Pantheon Through Time By Caitlin Williams * * * * * * * Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of Classics UNION COLLEGE June, 2018 ABSTRACT WILLIAMS, CAITLIN A Study of the Pantheon Through Time. Department of Classics, June, 2018. ADVISOR: Hans-Friedrich Mueller. I analyze the Pantheon, one of the most well-preserVed buildings from antiquity, through time. I start with Agrippa's Pantheon, the original Pantheon that is no longer standing, which was built in 27 or 25 BC. What did it look like originally under Augustus? Why was it built? We then shift to the Pantheon that stands today, Hadrian-Trajan's Pantheon, which was completed around AD 125-128, and represents an example of an architectural reVolution. Was it eVen a temple? We also look at the Pantheon's conversion to a church, which helps explain why it is so well preserVed. -
Copyrighted Material
CHAPTER ONE i Archaeological Sources Maria Kneafsey Archaeology in the city of Rome, although complicated by the continuous occupation of the site, is blessed with a multiplicity of source material. Numerous buildings have remained above ground since antiquity, such as the Pantheon, Trajan’s Column, temples and honorific arches, while exten- sive remains below street level have been excavated and left on display. Nearly 13 miles (19 kilometers) of city wall dating to the third century CE, and the arcades of several aqueducts are also still standing. The city appears in ancient texts, in thousands of references to streets, alleys, squares, fountains, groves, temples, shrines, gates, arches, public and private monuments and buildings, and other toponyms. Visual records of the city and its archaeology can be found in fragmentary ancient, medieval, and early modern paintings, in the maps, plans, drawings, and sketches made by architects and artists from the fourteenth century onwards, and in images captured by the early photographers of Rome. Textual references to the city are collected together and commented upon in topographical dictionaries, from Henri Jordan’s Topographie der Stadt Rom in Alterthum (1871–1907) and Samuel Ball Platner and Thomas Ashby’s Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome (1929), to Roberto Valentini and Giuseppe Zucchetti’s Codice Topografico della Città di Roma (1940–53), the new topographical dictionary published in 1992 by Lawrence RichardsonCOPYRIGHTED Jnr and the larger,MATERIAL more comprehensive Lexicon Topographicum Urbis Romae (LTUR) (1993–2000), edited by Margareta Steinby (see also LTURS). Key topographical texts include the fourth‐century CE Regionary Catalogues (the Notitia Dignitatum and A Companion to the City of Rome, First Edition. -
Recent Discoveries in the Forum, 1898-1904
Xil^A.: ORum 1898- 1:904 I^H^^Hyj|Oj|^yL|i|t I '^>^J:r_J~ rCimiR BADDELEY '•^V^^^' ^^^ i^. J^"A % LIBRARY RECENT DISCOVERIES IN THE FORUM Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from University of Toronto http://www.archive.org/details/recentdiscoverieOObadd ^%p. ji^sa&i jI Demolishing the Houses Purchased by Mp. L. Piitlltps (1899) Frontispiece RECENT DISCOVERIES IN THE FORUM 1898-1904 BY AN EYE-WITNESS S:i^ CLAIR BADDELEY BEING A HANDBOOK FOR TRAVELLERS, WITH A MAP MADE FOR THIS WORK BY ORDER OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE EXCAVATIONS AND 45 ILLUSTRATIONS LONDON GEORGE ALLEN, 156, CHARING CROSS ROAD 1904 [All rights reserved] -. s* r \ i>< ^^ARY# r^ ¥ ^ y rci/O FEB 26 'X_> Printed by BALLANTYNK, HANSON <5r» Co. At the Ballantyne Press TO LIONEL PHILLIPS, Esq, IN MEMORY OF DAYS IN THE FORUM PREFATORY NOTE 1 HAVE heard life in the Forum likened unto ' La Citta Morte/ wherein the malign influences of ancient crimes rise up from the soil and evilly affect those who live upon the site. I have also heard it declared to be a place dangerous to physical health. It is with gratifi- cation, therefore, after living therein, both beneath it and above, as few can have done, for considerable portions of the last six years, that I can bring solid evidence to belie both accusations. They indeed would prove far more applicable if levelled at certain other august centres of Rome. For I find it necessary to return thanks here for valuable assistance given to me without hesitation and at all times, not only by my personal friend Comm. -
Theatricality of Naumachiae Bachelor’S Diploma Thesis
Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of Theatre Studies Bachelor’s Diploma Thesis 2018 Lucia Steltenpohlová Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of Theatre Studies Theatre Theory and History Lucia Steltenpohlová Theatricality of Naumachiae Bachelor’s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: Mgr. Eliška Poláčková, Ph. D. 2018 Declaration Hereby I declare that this paper is my original authorial work, which I have worked out on my own. All sources, references, and literature used or excerpted during elaboration of this work are properly cited and listed in complete reference to the due source. Lucia Steltenpohlová i ii Acknowledgement I would like to thank my supervisor, Mgr. Eliška Poláčková Ph.D., for all her professional support and enthusiasm with which she guided me throughout the process of research as well as writing of this thesis, for all the corrections and comments, for her patience. To all the staff of the department of Theatre studies for constantly broadening my horizons. A big thank you to my friends, namely the wonderful future doctor Simona Halajová and German language mage Bc. Andrea Bukovská, who had to listened to my theatre talk and did not complain the least bit. To Bc. Viktor Solík, for using his remarkable informatics skills to help me in the process of putting the formalities of this thesis together (and for teaching me that there are far too many names for brackets). To Michal Solčiansky, for cooking for me when I needed it the most. Last but not least a huge thanks to my family, for all that you have done and still do for me. -
Chapter 3 Who Built the Pantheon? Agrippa, Apollodorus, Hadrian And
Despite so much that is known about Roman buildings, Chapter 3 there is relatively little to say about the individuals involved in the ferment of their creation. We can reconstruct Who Built the Pantheon? confidently the original appearance of many a monument, but not much about their designers. This is not for want of Agrippa, Apollodorus, information; it is just not quite of the right kind. All around the Mediterranean survive ample ruins, including some Hadrian and Trajan strikingly well-preserved buildings, of which the Pantheon is the prime example. This physical evidence is illuminated by literary sources, inscriptions and brickstamps, and on Mark Wilson Jones occasion by maps and drawings inscribed in stone. Notwithstanding some long-running disputes, we can often be sure of the identity and date of individual monuments in major cities. We also possess quite a populous roster of architects’ names, thanks to numbers of their tombstones, along with the occasional textual mention of a few of the men at the top of their profession. Some buildings bear discreet architects’ inscriptions, yet these are nothing like as numerous and prominent as those of their patrons; it is they who take the credit. In short, it is normally impossible to join up specific surviving buildings with specific architects about whom we know any more than the name. In this the Roman period fares worse than the Greek, when architects were frequently tied to particular projects by specifications, contracts and accounts recorded on stone, while the names of famous protagonists can be found in the treatises of Roman writers, most notably Vitruvius and Pliny.1 By such means we know of no fewer than three individuals who had responsibility for the design of the Parthenon in one role or other, Ictinus, Kallikrates and Karpion, while a fourth, Phidias, the creator of Athena Parthenos, may also have had some architectural input. -
Front Matter
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02320-8 - Campus Martius: The Field of Mars in the Life of Ancient Rome Paul W. Jacobs II and Diane Atnally Conlin Frontmatter More information CAMPUS MARTIUS A mosquito-infested and swampy plain lying north of the city walls, Rome’s Campus Martius, or Field of Mars, was used for much of the Roman Republic as a military training ground and as a site for celebratory rituals and the occasional political assembly. Initially punctuated with temples vowed by victorious generals, during the imperial era it became filled with extraordinary baths, theaters, porticoes, aqueducts, and other structures – many of which were architectural firsts for the capital. This book explores the myriad factors that contributed to the transformation of the Campus Martius from an occasionally visited space to a crowded center of daily activity. It presents a case study of the repurposing of urban landscape in the Roman world and explores how existing topographical features that fit well with the republic’s needs ultimately attracted architecture that forever transformed those features but still resonated with the area’s original military and ceremonial traditions. Paul W. Jacobs II is an independent scholar who focuses on ancient Rome and its topographical development. A graduate of Harvard College and the University of Virginia Law School, and a litigator by training, Jacobs has practiced and published in the area of voting rights, where knowledge of demographics, mapmaking, and geography is essential. He has spent extensive time in Rome and has studied the ancient city and its development for decades. Diane Atnally Conlin is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Colorado, Boulder. -
Term-List-For-Ch3b-Ancient-Roman-Theatre-2
Ancient Roman Theatre Cultural Periods and Events Theatrical Developments Persons Roman Kingdom Atellan & Greek influences Pompey Etruscan Rule Ludi Romani added plays Julius Caesar Roman Republic Ludi Florales included mime Mark Antony & Cleopatra Sabine invasion mime became pornographic Augustus (Octavian) Plebian Council reorganized ideals about not mixing comedy & Hadrian Tribal Assembly tragedy, 5 acts, 3 actors, moral Simon bar Kokhba Second & Third Punic Wars chorus, to profit & please Marcus Aurelius Third Servile War theatre buildings & arenas invented Commodus Jerusalem conquered arenas built across empire Elagabalus (Heliogabalus) Gaul conquered emperors as gladiators Diocletian crossing of the Rubicon slave & star actors/gladiators Justinian II Caesar assassinated loss of audience to the games Theodosius Roman Empire decline of theatre with Christian Plautus Great Fire of Rome condemnation, yet plays preserved in Jupiter & Mercury Vesuvius eruption the Byzantine (Eastern) Empire Terence Pantheon rebuilt Seneca bar Kokhba revolt Nero Pax Romana Horace Christians martyred Venus in temple watching toleration for Christians Christians sacrificed in arena Council of Nicaea gladiators (female) & hunters Constantine's two capitals referee with rudis Roman Empire as Christian stagehands as larvae, Mercury, Rome sacked Pluto, or Charon Western Empire collapsed musicians & clowns Byzantium conquered spectators with missilia senators, knights, & editor Commodus as Hercules dominus Perf. Types & Play Titles Performance Places & Spaces -
University of Copenhagen
The Flavian Isea in Beneventum and Rome The appropriation of Egyptian and Egyptianising Art in imperial Beneventum and Rome Clausen, Kristine Bülow Publication date: 2015 Document version Early version, also known as pre-print Document license: CC BY-NC-ND Citation for published version (APA): Clausen, K. B. (2015). The Flavian Isea in Beneventum and Rome: The appropriation of Egyptian and Egyptianising Art in imperial Beneventum and Rome. Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet. Download date: 08. Apr. 2020 FACULTY OF HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN PhD thesis Kristine Bülow Clausen The Flavian Isea in Beneventum and Rome The appropriation of Egyptian and Egyptianising Art in imperial Beneventum and Rome Academic advisors: Annette Rathje and Jane Fejfer Submitted: 26/08/14 SAXO Institute. Department of Classical Archaeology. Author: Kristine Bülow Clausen. The Flavian Isea in Beneventum and Rome. The appropriation of Egyptian and Egyptianising Art in imperial Beneventum and Rome. Academic advisors: Annette Rathje and Jane Fejfer. Cover: Iseum Campense: Relief fragment with the profile of a male head, SAR, deposito San Macuto. Cleopatra Roma , 2000, 264, IV.48. Submitted: 26.08.2014. Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................... 3 The structure .................................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. -
Qt7hq5t8mm.Pdf
UC Berkeley Room One Thousand Title Water's Pilgrimage in Rome Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hq5t8mm Journal Room One Thousand, 3(3) ISSN 2328-4161 Author Rinne, Katherine Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Katherine Rinne Illustration by Rebecca Sunter Water’s Pilgrimage in Rome “If I were called in To construct a religion I should make use of water.” From Philip Larkin, “Water,” 1964 Rome is one of the world’s most hallowed pilgrimage destinations. Each year, the Eternal City’s numinous qualities draw millions of devout Christians to undertake a pilgrimage there just as they have for nearly two millennia. Visiting the most venerable sites, culminating with St. Peter’s, the Mother Church of Catholicism, the processional journey often reinvigorates faith among believers. It is a cleansing experience for them, a reflective pause in their daily lives and yearly routines. Millions more arrive in Rome with more secular agendas. With equal zeal they set out on touristic, educational, gastronomic, and retail pilgrimages. Indeed, when in Rome, I dedicate at least a full and fervent day to “La Sacra Giornata di Acquistare le Scarpe,” the holy day of shoe shopping, when I visit each of my favorite stores like so many shrines along a sacred way. Although shoes are crucial to our narrative and to the completion of any pilgrimage conducted on Opposite: The Trevi Fountain, 2007. Photo by David Iliff; License: CC-BY-SA 3.0. 27 Katherine Rinne foot, our interest in this essay lies elsewhere, in rededicating Rome’s vital role as a city of reflective pilgrimage by divining water’s hidden course beneath our feet (in shoes, old or new) as it flows out to public fountains in an otherwise parched city. -
The Acts of Augustus As Recouded on the Monumentum Ancyranum
THE ACTS OF AUGUSTUS AS RECOUDED ON THE MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM Below is a copy of the acts of the Deified Augustus by which he placed the whole world under the sovereignty of the Roman people, and of the amounts which he expended upon the state and the Roman people, as engraved upon two bronze colimins which have been set up in Rome.<» 1 . At the age of nineteen,* on my o>vn initiative and at my own expense, I raised an army " by means of which I restored Uberty <* to the republic, which the Mausoleum of Augustus at Rome. Its original form on that raonument was probably : Res gestae divi Augusti, quibus orbem terrarum imperio populi Romani subiecit, et impensae quas in rem publicam populumque Romanum fecit. " The Greek sup>erscription reads : Below is a translation of the acts and donations of the Deified Augustus as left by him inscribed on two bronze columns at Rome." * Octa\ian was nineteen on September -23, 44 b.c. « During October, by offering a bounty of 500 denarii, he induced Caesar's veterans at Casilinum and Calatia to enlist, and in Xovember the legions named Martia and Quarta repudiated Antony and went over to him. This activity of Octavian, on his own initiative, was ratified by the Senate on December 20, on the motion of Cicero. ' In the battle of Mutina, April 43. Augustus may also have had Philippi in mind. S45 Source: Frederick W. Shipley, Velleius Paterculus, Compendium of Roman History. Res Gestae Divi Augusti, LCL (Cambridge, MA: HUP, 19241969). THE ACTS OF AUGUSTUS, I. -
Roman Concrete: the Ascent, Summit, and Decline of an Art
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications, Classics and Religious Studies Department Classics and Religious Studies September 1979 ROMAN CONCRETE: THE ASCENT, SUMMIT, AND DECLINE OF AN ART Thomas Nelson Winter University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/classicsfacpub Part of the Classics Commons Winter, Thomas Nelson, "ROMAN CONCRETE: THE ASCENT, SUMMIT, AND DECLINE OF AN ART" (1979). Faculty Publications, Classics and Religious Studies Department. 1. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/classicsfacpub/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Classics and Religious Studies at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, Classics and Religious Studies Department by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences—Volume VII, 1979 ROMAN CONCRETE: THE ASCENT, SUMMIT, AND DECLINE OF AN ART THOMAS N. WINTER Classics Department University of Nebraska–Lincoln Th e evidence of the surviving literature and structure geography with chronology. Of Wallace’s Cypriot or main- provides this chronology for the development of concrete: land Greek samples, only one has a source which is not inde- Fronto dates for us, by naming consuls, two aqueducts utterly terminate. Th is is from the Pnyx, “the platform from which devoid of concrete at 312 and 272 B.C. From Cato, who died Demosthenes and Pericles delivered many of their orations” in 149 B.C., we can discern that (a) concrete has now become (Wallace, 1865). Th e Pnyx with cement mortar would put ce- the normal foundation for building, (b) limeburning is now ment as far back as the sixth century B.C.