DOCSLIB.ORG

18 D Tente Between the US and USSR

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
18 D Tente Between the US and USSR History (S4-5) Theme B: Conflicts and Cooperation in the Twentieth-Century World Sub-theme d: Major conflicts and the quest for peace Content focus 2: Major conflicts after WWII and attempts to make peace – détente between the US and USSR Q.1 Study Sources A, B and C carefully. Source A The following cartoon reflects the Domino Theory proposed in 1954 by the Dwight Eisenhower, President of the United States. Source B The following table shows the size of the American military force sent to the Vietnam War (1965-197) and the number of casualties. Year Number of military Number of killed Number of personnel wounded 1965 184,300 1,369 6,114 1966 385,300 5,008 30,093 1967 485,600 9,378 62,025 1968 536,100 14,592 92,820 1969 475,200 9,414 70,216 1970 334,600 4,221 30,643 1971 156,800 1,380 8,936 1 History (S4-5) Theme B: Conflicts and Cooperation in the Twentieth-Century World Sub-theme d: Major conflicts and the quest for peace Source C The following extract is about the American foreign policy in 1969. In July 1969 the President of the United States, Nixon, gave a press conference. He stated that the United States henceforth expected its Asian allies to take care of their own military defense. This was called the Nixon Doctrine. In 1973 the President announced the withdrawal of American military force from Vietnam. a. With reference to Source A, elaborate the “Domino Theory”. b. How US President Eisenhower would have convinced the Americans to participate in the Vietnam War by the Domino Theory? Explain your answer with reference to Source A and using your own knowledge. c. Does the post-Cold War development in Asia fit the Domino Theory? Explain your answer with specific examples from your own knowledge. d. Why did the United States withdraw from the Vietnam War? Explain your answer with reference to Sources B and C. e. What was the impact of the American withdrawal from the Vietnam War on Asia? Explain your answer with reference to Source C and using your own knowledge. 2 History (S4-5) Theme B: Conflicts and Cooperation in the Twentieth-Century World Sub-theme d: Major conflicts and the quest for peace Q.2 Study Sources A and B carefully. Source A The following extract is cited from an article, which is on détente of the Cold War, written by Georgi Arbatov, Director of the USA and Canada Institute in Moscow in the 1970s and 1980s. Détente is not a continuation of Cold War by other, more cautious and safer, means. It is a policy that, by its nature and objectives, is opposed to Cold War, and is aimed not at gaining victory in conflicts by means short by nuclear war, but at the settlement and prevention of conflicts, at lowering the level of military confrontation, and at the development of international cooperation. Source B The following extract is an article on the détente of the Cold War. Détente is a French word that means a ‘relaxation of tensions’. The superpower rivalry between the US and the USSR during the Cold War experienced these reduced tensions during the 1970s… In my opinion, détente succeeded partially. It succeeded in changing the rules of the game of superpower competition: the Chinese were in, the Soviets could be negotiated with directly and there was more freedom for the US’s NATO and other allies to develop their own independent relations with Communist states. a. Elaborate “détente of the Cold War” with reference to Sources A and B. b. What were the views of the authors of Sources A and B towards the effectiveness of détente of the Cold War? Explain your answer with reference to clues from the Sources. c. Do you agree with the views you put forward in (b)? Explain your answer with specific examples from your own knowledge. 3 History (S4-5) Theme B: Conflicts and Cooperation in the Twentieth-Century World Sub-theme d: Major conflicts and the quest for peace Q.3 Study Sources A, B, C and D carefully. Source A The following picture shows an historic meeting of leaders of two countries in 1972. Reference for teachers (Source A) Mao Zedong (left), Communist Chinese leader, shook hand with Richard Nixon , President of the United States, when the latter paid a visit to China in 1972 Source B The following picture shows an historic meeting of leaders of two countries in 1973. 4 History (S4-5) Theme B: Conflicts and Cooperation in the Twentieth-Century World Sub-theme d: Major conflicts and the quest for peace Source C The following extract is cited from a description about America’s foreign policy during the Nixon administration, written by Henry Kissinger, who was responsible for the American diplomacy in the later stage of the Cold War. Free our foreign policy from oscillation between over extension and isolation and to ground it in a firm conception of the national interest. Source D The following picture reflects the US-USSR relationship in the 1970s. Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty Strategic Arms Limitations Talks 5 History (S4-5) Theme B: Conflicts and Cooperation in the Twentieth-Century World Sub-theme d: Major conflicts and the quest for peace a. With reference to Source A, identify the countries that the two men represent. Explain your answer with reference to clues from the Source. b. Identify the countries that the two men in chair in Source B represent. Explain your answer with reference to clues from the Source. c. What are the usefulness and limitations of Sources A and B in helping you to understand the relationships among the countries you identified in (a) and (b)? Explain your answer with reference to Sources A and B and using your own knowledge. d. Characterize the foreign policy of the Nixon’s administration, as reflected in Sources A, B, C and D. Elaborate your answer with clues from the Sources. e. How did the characters of Nixon’s foreign policy you pointed out in (d) affect the development of Cold War? Explain your answer with concrete historical facts. 6 History (S4-5) Theme B: Conflicts and Cooperation in the Twentieth-Century World Sub-theme d: Major conflicts and the quest for peace Q.4 Study Source A carefully. Source A The following cartoon, published in the late 1980s, reflects the result of US-USSR détente. a. What was the change of the global order before and after the Cold War, as viewed by the cartoonist? Explain your answer with reference to clues from Source A. b. Do you agree to his view? Explain your answer with specific examples in historical development up to 2000. 7 History (S4-5) Theme B: Conflicts and Cooperation in the Twentieth-Century World Sub-theme d: Major conflicts and the quest for peace Provenance of sources Q.1 Source B: Simon Trew & Gary Sheffield, 100 Years of Conflict 1900-2000 (Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 2000), p.271. Source C: Richard M. Nixon, “Address to the Nation on the war in Vietnam,” 3 November 1969, (online), http://www.uiowa.edu/~c030162/Common/Handouts/POTUS/Nixon.html [accessed 19 March 2004]. Q.2 Source A: Richard Crockatt, The Fifty Years War: the United States and the Soviet Union in World Politics, 1941-1991 (London; New York: Routledge, 1995), p.203. Source B: David Penna, “Détente,” (online), http://homepage.gallaudet.edu/David.Penna/DETENTE.htm [accessed 19 March 2004]. Q.3 Source A: The New York State Archives Legacies Projects (online), http://www.archives.nysed.gov/projects/legacies/Syracuse/S_Chinese/histories/Syr_CH_ His3.htm [accessed 19 March 2004]. Source B: Fadedgiant Online Author Autograph Guide – Richard M. Nixon and Leonid Brezhneve meeting during the Soviet Premier’s 1973 visit to the United States (online), http://www.fadedgiant.net/html/richard_m__nixon_and_leonid_br.htm [accessed 19 March 2004]. Source C: Richard Crockatt, The Fifty Years War: the United States and the Soviet Union in World Politics, 1941-1991 (London; New York: Routledge, 1995), p.221. Q.4 Source A: Bryn O'Callaghan, A History of the Twentieth Century (London: Longman, 1987), p.226. 8.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: the Origins of Iranian Primacy in the Persian Gulf
    Roham Alvandi Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: the origins of Iranian primacy in the Persian Gulf Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Alvandi, Roham (2012) Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: the origins of Iranian primacy in the Persian Gulf. Diplomatic history, 36 (2). pp. 337-372. ISSN 1467-7709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7709.2011.01025.x © 2012 The Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations (SHAFR) This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/32743/ Available in LSE Research Online: March 2012 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final manuscript accepted version of the journal article, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer review process. Some differences between this version and the published version may remain. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. roham alvandi Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: The Origins of Iranian Primacy in the Persian Gulf* On the morning of May 31, 1972, the shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, received U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pennsylvania State University
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of Communication Arts and Sciences THE LONG TWILIGHT STRUGGLE: PRESIDENTIAL RHETORIC AND NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE COLD WAR, 1945-1974 A Dissertation in Communication Arts and Sciences by Sara Ann Mehltretter Drury © 2011 Sara Ann Mehltretter Drury Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2011 The dissertation of Sara Ann Mehltretter Drury was reviewed and approved* by the following: J. Michael Hogan Liberal Arts Research Professor of Communication Arts and Sciences Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Jeremy Engels Assistant Professor of Communication Arts and Sciences J. Philip Jenkins Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Humanities Department of History and Religious Studies Thomas W. Benson Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Rhetoric Head of Department of Communication Arts and Sciences *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT This study explores the discourse of U.S. presidents as they defined and redefined the concept of “national security” during the Cold War. As commander-in- chief and the most visible spokesman for the United States in world affairs, the president has enormous power to shape understandings of national security strategy and foreign policy. The project consists of a series of four case studies in presidential speech making on national security: Harry S. Truman’s “Truman Doctrine” speech; Dwight Eisenhower’s “Age of Peril” radio address; John F. Kennedy’s “Inaugural Address”; and the speeches of Richard Nixon during his February 1972 trip to the People’s Republic of China. I argue that each of these episodes marked a significant moment in the rhetoric of national security, as each president promoted a new understanding of the nature of the threats to U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Advisors in Vietnam: 1963
    Military Advisors in Vietnam: 1963 Topic: Vietnam Grade Level: 9-12 Subject Area: US History after World War II Time Required: 1 class period Goals/Rationale In the winter of 1963, the eyes of most Americans were not on Vietnam. However, Vietnam would soon become a battleground familiar to all Americans. In this lesson plan, students analyze a letter to President Kennedy from a woman who had just lost her brother in South Vietnam and consider Kennedy’s reply, explaining his rationale for sending US military personnel there. Essential Question: What were the origins of US involvement in Vietnam prior to its engagement of combat troops? Objectives Students will: analyze primary sources. discuss US involvement in the Vietnam conflict prior to 1963. evaluate the “domino theory” from the historical perspective of Americans living in 1963. Connections to Curriculum (Standards) National Standards: National Center for History in the Schools Era 9 - Postwar United States (1945 to early 1970s), 2B - The student understands United States foreign policy in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America. Era 9, 2C - The student understands the foreign and domestic consequences of US involvement in Vietnam. Massachusetts Frameworks US II.20 – Explain the causes, course and consequences of the Vietnam War and summarize the diplomatic and military policies of Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon. Prior Knowledge Students should have a working knowledge of the Cold War. They should be able to analyze primary sources. Prepared by the Department of Education and Public Programs, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum Historical Background and Context After World War II, the French tried to re-establish their colonial control over Vietnam, the most strategic of the three states comprising the former Indochina (Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos).
    [Show full text]
  • Rhetoric and Reality
    History Studies Volume 13 History Studies Volume 13 information on Walsh, but he was still dismissed by the Catholic Church. After his sacking Jimmy Walsh was Rhetoric and Reality -A History of the Formation employed as a hospital porter, but spent the rest of his life of the 'Domino Theory' trying to enter various religious orders, becoming a novice in a Luke Butterly Benedictine Monastery. He was unsuccessful in these attempts Gaps between rhetoric and reality in U.S. foreign however because he had once been married and was now policy have often been large; indeed such gaps might be said to constitute a defining characteristic of this separated. Jimmy Walsh died after a prolonged illness on 12 nation's diplomacy. I March 1977. and was buried in Sydney. He had never returned 76 to treland. When U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower announced the 'domino theory' at a news conference in 1954, he was not announcing a radical departure in Washington's understanding of the emerging situation in Indochina. Rather, he was making public aspects of U.S. foreign policy that had been in the making since the end of World War ll, which in turn interacted with older themes. This essay will first situate this 'theory' in the historiography of the Vietnam War in order to contextualise what follows. It will then map the formation of the domino theory from 1945 to 1954, and will briefly look at the broader implications of such an approach in foreign policy. This will be achieved by examining the secondary literature on the various historical events covered and reviewing the relevant primary sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Key Concepts Chart (The Cold War)
    Unit 8, Activity 1, Key Concepts Chart Key Concepts Chart (The Cold War) Key Concept + ? - Explanation Extra Information Containment The attempt of one nation to The United States attempts block another nation from to stop the spread of spreading its influence to other communism during the Cold nations. War era. Marshall Plan In 1947, Secretary of State The nations that accepted George Marshall proposed an United States aid had to economic plan to rebuild remove all trade barriers Europe after WWII. and agree to cooperate economically with each other. Truman The United States gave Greece Following the war Great Doctrine and Turkey over $400 million in Britain originally tried to aid to prevent the spread of send economic and military communism in Europe. aid to Greece and Turkey to prevent the spread of communism. containment deterrence domino theory brinkmanship “Iron Curtain” speech Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Berlin airlift NATO Blackline Masters, U.S. History Page 8-1 Unit 8, Activity 1, Key Concepts Chart Key Concept + ? - Explanation Extra Information Warsaw Pact Korean War Suez Crisis Sputnik the Second Red Scare Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 Fair Deal McCarthyism military- industrial complex space race U-2 incident Bay of Pigs invasion Cuban Missile Crisis Berlin Wall Limited Test Blackline Masters, U.S. History Page 8-2 Unit 8, Activity 1, Key Concepts Chart Key Concept + ? - Explanation Extra Information Ban Treaty domino theory Vietnam War Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Tet Offensive My Lai Massacre Vietnamization Cambodia War Powers Act silent majority Détente Poland’s Solidarity movement Strategic Defense Initiative Intermediate- Range Nuclear Forces Treaty Blackline Masters, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Freedom, Foreign Policy, and Public Opinion: a Strategy for Fostering Democracy
    FREEDOM, FOREIGN POLICY, AND PUBLIC OPINION: A STRATEGY FOR FOSTERING DEMOCRACY PETE DU PONT A nation, like a person, has a mind - a mind that must be kept informed and alert, that must know itself, that understands the hopes and needs of its neighbors - all the other nations that live within the narrowing circle of the world. - Franklin Delano Roosevelt The foreign policy of the United States since 1945 can be summed in one word - containment. Simply put, the containment doctrine states that the United States will provide support, including military support, for sovereign nations struggling against Communist or other totalitarian aggressors. The containment doctrine has weathered many storms, most notably from liberals who would seem to prefer a policy of surrender to any policy that defends the use of force. Today, however, the most serious concerns about containment come from the opposite direction. Conservatives, including the president himself, are proposing a policy of actively promoting capitalist democracy. The Reagan Doctrine specifically calls for U.S. efforts to support freedom fighters, and we've put that doctrine to the test in Afghanistan, Kampuchea, Nicaragua, and Angola. On one level, the results thus far are very encouraging. The freedom fighters have done at least as well as could be expected. In Afghanistan the mujahidin apparently are bringing down several Soviet helicopters a month, and the USSR now shows some signs of wanting out. In Angola and Nicaragua, American-supported freedom fighters have the potential to overturn oppressive communist regimes, even though U.S. support has amounted to only a fraction of what the Soviets and their proxies have poured in.
    [Show full text]
  • United States History
    UNITED STATES HISTORY For each multiple choice question, fill in the appropriate location on the scantron 1. Which impact did Title IX had on educational institutions 8. The Watergate Scandal is appropriately described by in the United States? which statement? A. use of quotas for enrollment A. It concerned the Nixon’s’ administration attempt to B. creation of standardized testing goals cover up a burglary at the Democratic National C. equal funding of men’s and women’s athletics Committee headquarters D. government-funded school vouchers B. It involved the illegal establishment of government agencies to set and enforce campaign standards 2. What event during the 1970s resulted in the United C. It involved the choice of the Reagan Administration States increasing its regulation of nuclear power plants? to secretly supply aid to the Contra rebels in A. the signing of the SALT treaty Nicaragua B. North Korea’s announcement that it had nuclear D. It concerned the secret leasing of federally-owned weapons oil rigs to western ranches C. the incident at Three Mile Island D. restrictions created by the UN Atomic Energy 9. Nixon’s name for the many Americans who supported the Commission government and longed for an end to the violence & turmoil of the 1960s was the 3. Which US president regarded universal health care as a A. counterculture major issue for the federal government to resolve? B. hippies A. Jimmy Carter C. silent majority B. Ronald Reagan D. détente C. George H.W. Bush D. Bill Clinton 10. President Jimmy Carter was instrumental in creating a peace accord known as the 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Lynch Modern History E-Learning Cold War Overview
    • Summer 1945 • Followed the Yalta Conference in Feb. • US, UK, & Soviet Union continue plans for postwar Europe & division of Germany • Soviets block access to Berlin in 1948 • US & UK respond with the Berlin Airlift • Soviets demand Western forces leave Berlin • US refuses and the Soviets begin building the Berlin Wall in 1961 • Begun by President Truman in 1947 • US will give economic & military aid to stop spread of communism • Aligns with domino theory that communism would spread • Similar to Germany, Korea left divided after WW2 • North Korea invades the South in 1950 • US leads UN forces to support South Korea • Cease-fire and DMZ created at the 38th Parallel in 1953 • Long, slow building guerrilla war from 1950s to 1973 • Increased with the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964 • The 1968 Tet Offensive turned many against the war in the US • US involvement ended in 1973 but Vietnam united under communism in 1975 • Pres. Eisenhower threatens “massive retaliation” if provoked • Hopeful this would deter any Soviet strike • Like a game of chicken • “Mutually Assured Destruction” if bombs ever used • Pres. Kennedy made it part of his “Flexible Response” • US discovers Soviet missile buildup in Cuba in October 1962 • Results in a 13-day standoff • After a US blockade, an agreement is reached • Moscow-Washington hotline established • An easing of tensions after years of both nations on edge • Begun by Nixon & Brezhnev in the 1970s • More talks & treaties until the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks • US
    [Show full text]
  • Document #2—Speech by President Richard Nixon November 3, 1969
    The Limits of Power: The United States in Vietnam Name:______________________________________________ 4 Online Lesson Document #2—Speech by President Richard Nixon November 3, 1969, delivered over national television ...The question facing us today is—now that we are in the war, what is the best way to end it? In January [1969], I could only conclude that the precipitate [sudden] withdrawal of all American forces from Vietnam would be a disaster not only for South Vietnam but for the United States and for the cause of peace. For the South Vietnamese, our precipitate withdrawal would inevitably allow the Communists to repeat the massacres which followed their takeover in the North fifteen years before. They then mur- dered more than fifty thousand people and hundreds of thousands more died in slave labor camps.... For the United States, this first defeat in our nation’s history would result in a collapse of confi- dence in American leadership not only in Asia but throughout the world.... In 1963, President Kennedy with his characteristic eloquence and clarity said we want to see a stable government there [in South Vietnam], carrying on the struggle to maintain its national indepen- dence. We believe strongly in that. We are not going to withdraw from that effort. In my opinion, for us to withdraw from that effort would mean a collapse not only of South Vietnam but Southeast Asia. So we’re going to stay there.... A nation cannot remain great if it betrays its allies and lets down its friends. Our defeat and humiliation in South Vietnam without question would promote recklessness in the councils of those great powers who have not yet abandoned their goals of world conquest.
    [Show full text]
  • "... the Nixon Doctrine More Than Any Other U.S. Or Iranian Policy
    "... the Nixon Doctrine more than any other U.S. or Iranian policy contributed directly to the rise and fall of Shah Muhammed Reza Pahlavi." IRAN AND THE NIXON DOCTRINE American Arms and the Rise and Fall of the Shah ALEX CUITTARD THE 1969 NIXON DOCTRINE — WHICH CALLED FOR EMPOWERING AMERICAN ALLIES IN ORDER TO REDUCE THEIR DEPENDENCE ON THE UNITED STATES FOR SECURITY—HAS LONG BEEN TIED TO PRESIDENT NIXON'S AIM OF REDUCING THE AMERICAN MILITARY PRESENCE IN VIETNAM. HOWEVER, NOTES FROM NIXON'S 1967 MEETING WITH THE SHAH OF IRAN S U G G E ST T H AT T H E MONARCH HEAVILY INFLUENCED FOREIGN POLICY PURSUED BY THE FUTURE PRESIDENT. THE DOCTRINE ALSO ALLOWED THE SHAH TO FULFILL HIS REGIONAL POLITICAL AMBITIONS BY FACILITATING THE SALE OF BIL- LIONS OF DOLLARS WORTH OF THE MOST SOPHISTICATED AMERICAN WEAPONRY TO IRAN. HOWEVER, AS OIL PRICES BEGAN TO DROP IN THE LATE 1970s, THE SHAH'S DE- FENSE SPENDING BEGAN TO HAVE AN INCREASINGLY ADVERSE EFFECT ON THE IRAN- IAN ECONOMY, ULTIMATELY CONTRIBUTING TO THE OVERTHROW OF THE PAH LAV I DYNASTY. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NIXON Though this course of action was originally framed as a DOCTRINE shift in U.S. policy towards Southeast Asia, the Nixon Doctrine had its real roots in Tehran. There, in 1967, for- In 1969, newly elected President Richard Nixon laid the mer Vice President Nixon met with the Shah of Iran, who cornerstone of his presidency's foreign policy when he an- argued that it would be "better for U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961) and the 1950S I. Dwight
    American History Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961) and the 1950s I. Dwight Eisenhower (1953-1961) –Republican A. Pre-Presidential Biography 1. Childhood –born in Denison, Texas and raised in Abilene, Kansas 2. Army –West Point, WWII, President of Columbia University, and NATO Commander B. Presidential Biography 1. Campaign “Korea, Communism, and Corruption” - defeated Adlai Stevenson –1952 & 1956 2. The “Hidden Hand” President 3. Health and Age Issues C. IKE Fun Facts II. The “New Look” Foreign Policy –John Foster Dulles (Secretary of State) A. The “New Look” policy guidelines –but still stopping communism 1. Domino Theory 2. Brinkmanship –“Victory goes to him who can keep his nerve to the last 15 minutes.” 3. Massive Retaliation –no initial attack will occurred out of fear of US response 4. Nuclear Buildup –“more bang for your buck” 5. Covert Operations –using the Central Intelligence Agency B. Asia 1. Korean War –“I shall go to Korea” –Armistice signed (July 27, 1953) 2. Iran -Operation AJAX (August 19, 1953) –Shah Reza Pahlavi (US-backed leader) A. Eisenhower Doctrine (1957) =containment + Middle East 3. Indochina –domino theory –fighting communism in Southeast Asia A. Lost North Vietnam to communism B. Keep South Vietnam capitalist and supported SV President Ngo Dinh Diem 4. Taiwan Crisis -People’s Republic of China vs. Taiwan –PRC attacked Taiwan A. US protected Taiwan -Mutual Defense Treaty C. Latin America 1. Guatemala (1954) -Operation Success –CIA overthrew rightful government over bananas 2. Cuba -President Fidel Castro took control of Cuba January 1, 1959 –now communist D. Soviet-American Relations –Premier Nikita Khrushchev (1953-1964) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Richard Nixon, Dtente, and the Conservative Movement, 1969-1974
    Richard Nixon, Détente, and the Conservative Movement, 1969-1974 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts By ERIC PATRICK GILLILAND B.A., Defiance College, 2004 2006 Wright State University iii WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES 12/13/06 I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Eric Gilliland ENTITLED Richard Nixon, Détente, and the Conservative Movement, 1969-1974 BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts. ______________________________ Jonathan Reed Winkler, PhD Thesis Advisor ______________________________ Edward F. Haas Department Chair Committee on Final Examination ________________________________ Jonathan Reed Winkler, PhD. ________________________________ Edward F. Haas, PhD. ________________________________ Kathryn B. Meyer ________________________________ Joseph F. Thomas, Jr., Ph.D. Dean, School of Graduate Studies iv ABSTRACT Gilliland, Eric Patrick. M.A., Department of History, Wright State University, 2006. Richard Nixon, Détente, and the Conservative Movement. This work examines the relationship between President Richard Nixon and the American conservative movement (1969-1974). Nixon’s anti-communist persona proved pivotal in winning the 1968 Republican Party’s and winning over the conservative base. The foreign policies orchestrated by Nixon and his National Security Advisor, Henry Kissinger, however, which sought to reduce tensions with China and the Soviet Union, infuriated the conservatives. In 1971-72, they suspended their support of the administration and even drafted their own candidate, the Ohio congressman John Ashbook, to challenge Nixon in the 1972 primary campaign. Although the Ashbrook campaign had a minimal impact, it set a precedent for conservative opposition to détente in the 1970s and 1980s.
    [Show full text]