Das Tagebuch Der Anne Frank Und Seine Rezeption in Der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

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Das Tagebuch Der Anne Frank Und Seine Rezeption in Der Bundesrepublik Deutschland „Trotz allem glaube ich an das Gute im Menschen“. Das Tagebuch der Anne Frank und seine Rezeption in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Katja Heimsath. Hamburg University Press, Verlag der Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky 2013. http://hup.sub.uni-hamburg.de/purl/HamburgUP_HHF5_Heimsath „Trotz allem glaube ich an das Gute im Menschen“ Das Tagebuch der Anne Frank und seine Rezeption in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Herausgegeben von Rainer Hering „Trotz allem glaube ich an das Gute im Menschen“ Das Tagebuch der Anne Frank und seine Rezeption in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland von Katja Heimsath Hamburg University Press Verlag der Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky Impressum Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über https://portal.dnb.de abrufbar. Die Online‐Version dieser Publikation ist auf den Verlagswebseiten frei verfügbar (open access). Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek hat die Netzpublikation archiviert. Diese ist dauerhaft auf dem Archivserver der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek verfügbar. Open access über die folgenden Webseiten: Hamburg University Press – http://hup.sub.uni‐hamburg.de PURL: http://hup.sub.uni‐hamburg.de/purl/HamburgUP_HHF5_Heimsath Archivserver der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek – https://portal.dnb.de ISBN 978‐3‐943423‐00‐6 ISSN 1865‐3294 © 2013 Hamburg University Press, Verlag der Staats‐ und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, Deutschland Umschlaggestaltung: Svenja Prigge, Hamburg Logogestaltung: Liliane Oser, Hamburg Abbildung auf Schutzumschlag und Buchdecke: Svenja Prigge, Hamburg Produktion: Elbe‐Werkstätten GmbH, Hamburg, Deutschland http://www.elbe‐werkstaetten.de Inhalt Vorwort ................................................................................................................................................. 9 Rainer Hering Danksagung …........................................................................................................................................... 13 1 Einleitung .......................................................................................................................................... 15 2 Vergangenheitsbewältigung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland bis 1990 ............... 33 2.1 „Vergangenheitsbewältigung“ 33 2.2 Die 1950er-Jahre – Zeit des „kollektiven Schweigens“ 35 2.3 Die 1960er-Jahre ‒ Zeit des neuen Aufbruchs 43 2.4 Die 1970er-Jahre – Neubegründungsprozess der Bundesrepublik 52 2.5 Die 1980er-Jahre – Konjunktur der Geschichte und Erinnerung 63 2.6 Kulturelle Erinnerungen an den Holocaust – Theater, Film und Literatur 75 2.6.1 Das Theater in der Nachkriegszeit 75 2.6.2 Der Film in der Nachkriegszeit 79 2.6.3 Der Mythos Stalingrad 84 2.6.4 Der Widerstand des 20. Juli 85 2.6.5 Der Film im Umbruch 87 2.6.6 Das Theater im Umbruch 89 2.6.7 Der bundesdeutsche Film in den 1970er-, 1980er- und 1990er-Jahren 93 2.6.8 Das Theater der 1970er- und 1980er-Jahre 100 3 Das Leben der Anne Frank ........................................................................................................ 103 4 Das Tagebuch der Anne Frank .................................................................................................. 109 4.1 Vom Manuskript zum Buch 109 4.1.1 Das Manuskript und Anne Franks einzelne Fassungen 109 4.1.2 Das Druckmanuskript von Otto Frank und Albert Cauvern 115 4.1.3 Die niederländische Erstausgabe und die deutsche Übersetzung 127 4.2 Die Identifikation mit dem Schicksal der Anne Frank 132 4.3 Die Kritik an der deutschen Übersetzung 133 4.4 Die Auseinandersetzungen um die Echtheit des Tagebuchs 137 4.4.1 Literarische Auseinandersetzungen 138 4.4.2 Juristische Auseinandersetzungen 149 6Inhalt 5 Die Dramatisierung des Tagebuchs ........................................................................................ 171 5.1 Die Identifikation mit dem Schicksal der Anne Frank 171 5.2 Wirkungskraft des Theaterstücks und des Buchs 172 5.3 Die Kritik am Theaterstück 175 5.4 Der Fall Meyer Levin und seine Version des Theaterstücks 179 5.4.1 Meyer Levin 179 5.4.2 Die Ursprünge des Konflikts zwischen Meyer Levin und Otto Frank 180 5.4.3 Die Eskalation des Konflikts 186 5.4.4 Der Prozessverlauf 192 5.4.5 Levins und die Goodrich-Hackett-Bühnenfassung – ein Vergleich 199 6 Die Rezeption in der Bundesrepublik .................................................................................... 221 6.1 Phase I: Vom Erscheinen des Buchs bis zur Uraufführung des Theaterstücks 221 6.1.1 Ein menschliches Dokument 222 6.1.2 „Das Tagebuch der Anne Frank“ als Lehrstück für Erzieher 226 6.1.3 Die kritische Reflexion des Tagebuchs 228 6.2 Phase II: Von der Uraufführung des Theaterstücks bis zur Verfilmung 229 6.2.1 Die Verstärkung alter Deutungsmuster 231 6.2.2 Die Täter-Opfer-Rolle 235 6.2.3 Die Verallgemeinerung und Verharmlosung der Verbrechen an den europäischen Juden 236 6.2.4 Die Darstellung der Person Anne Frank 240 6.2.5 „Trotz allem glaube ich an das Gute im Menschen“ 241 6.2.6 „Das Tagebuch der Anne Frank“: Ein Dokument für die Gegenwart und Zukunft 245 6.2.7 „Das Tagebuch der Anne Frank“: Ein Dokument für die Jugend 247 6.2.8 Die Reaktion der Theaterbesucher 251 6.2.9 Die kritischen Stimmen in der zweiten Rezeptionsphase 254 6.3 Phase III: Anne Frank und ihr Tagebuch in Vergessenheit 256 6.3.1 Die Darstellung der Person Anne Frank 259 6.3.2 Die Auseinandersetzung mit der nationalsozialistischen Vergangenheit 260 6.4 Phase IV: Neue Deutungsmuster 263 6.4.1 Die neuen Deutungsmuster 265 6.4.2 Die alten Deutungsmuster 268 6.5 Resümee 270 Inhalt 7 7 Die Verfilmung von George Stevens ...................................................................................... 273 7.1 Die Entstehung des Films 273 7.2 Die Filmanalyse 274 7.2.1 Die Handlungsanalyse 275 7.2.2 Die Figurenanalyse 284 7.2.3 Die Analyse der Bauformen 303 7.3 Film und Buch im Vergleich 328 7.4 Wirkungskraft des Films 330 7.5 Die Schlussbetrachtung 336 8 Gedenken an Anne Frank ......................................................................................................... 339 8.1 Anne Frank in Bergen-Belsen 340 8.1.1 Die „Pilgerfahrt“ der Hamburger Jugend nach Bergen-Belsen 340 8.1.2 Die Gedenkstätte Bergen-Belsen 346 8.1.3 Die Anne Frank Friedenstage 349 8.1.4 Der Anne Frank Friedensbaum 351 8.2 Anne-Frank-Straßen 352 8.2.1 Die Anne-Frank-Straße in Bergen 353 8.2.2 Die Anne-Frank-Straße in Hamburg 366 8.3 Das Anne Frank Zentrum in Berlin 375 8.4 Der Fall Pretzien 376 8.5 Das „Hinterhaus“ − die Entstehung einer Gedenkstätte 381 8.6 Der Anne Frank Fonds 383 8.7 Publikationen, Filme und Ausstellungen 384 8.8 Erinnern an Anne Frank 388 8.9 Eine Anne Frank Oper 390 8.10 Ein Anne Frank Musical 392 9 Zusammenfassung .................................................................................................................... 395 10 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis ...................................................................................... 409 10.1 Quellen 409 10.1.1 Ungedruckte Quellen 409 10.1.2 Gedruckte Quellen 413 10.1.3 Presseartikel 414 8Inhalt 10.1.4 Internetressourcen 438 10.1.5 Andere Medien 439 10.2 Literatur 440 11 Abkürzungsverzeichnis ............................................................................................................ 449 12 Personenregister ........................................................................................................................ 453 Anhang Ausführliches Filmprotokoll von Das Tagebuch der Anne Frank. Regie: George Stevens, USA, 1959 465 Über die Autorin 566 Über den Reihenherausgeber 566 Vorwort Rainer Hering Zur Reihe Hamburger Historische Forschungen Die Reihe Hamburger Historische Forschungen umfasst Beiträge zur Hambur- ger und deutschen Geschichte, vornehmlich der neueren und neuesten Zeit. Sie ist insbesondere für hervorragende Nachwuchswissenschaftle- rinnen und -wissenschaftler offen, deren Werke sonst vielfach unveröffent- licht blieben. Gemeinsamer Bezugspunkt aller Publikationen ist Hamburg, das heißt die Arbeiten sind an einer Hamburger Hochschule entstanden oder beschäftigen sich inhaltlich mit der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg in Vergangenheit oder Gegenwart. Die Reihe schafft ein Forum gerade für bislang unerforschte Themen. Zugleich sind die Hamburger Historischen Forschungen nicht einem einzigen Konzept verpflichtet, sondern bieten Raum für die Vielfalt der theoretischen und methodischen Konzepte, Ge- schichte wissenschaftlich fundiert, aber doch zugleich auch für alle histo- risch Interessierten verständlich darzustellen. Zum vorliegenden Band Der fünfte Band dieser Reihe von Katja Heimsath beschäftigt sich mit dem bewegenden Tagebuch der Anne Frank – dem am meisten gelesenen autobio- graphischen Dokument über das „Dritte Reich“. Das jüdische Mädchen Anne Frank schrieb zwischen dem 12. Juni 1942 und dem 1. August 1944 in ihrem Versteck im Hinterhaus der Amsterdamer Prinsengracht 263 ihren Alltag und ihre Gedanken in der Enge der Illegalität auf. Nach ihrem ge- waltsamen Tode im nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager Bergen- Belsen hat ihr Vater das Manuskript, das von den Nationalsozialisten nicht 10 Vorwort entdeckt worden war, publiziert. In Deutschland erfuhr das Buch durch die Taschenbuchausgabe Mitte der 1950er-Jahre große Resonanz – allein in den ersten drei Jahren wurden mehr als 700.000 Exemplare verkauft. Darüber hinaus
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