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Air & Space Power Journal Distribution A: Approved for Public Release Chief of Staff, US Air Force Gen John P. Jumper Commander, Air Education and Training Command Gen Donald G. Cook http://www.af.mil Commander, Air University Lt Gen John F. Regni Commander, College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research and Education Col David S. Fadok Editor Lt Col Paul D. Berg http://www.aetc.randolph.af.mil Senior Editor Lt Col Malcolm D. Grimes Associate Editor Maj Donald R. Ferguson Editor and Military Defense Analyst Col Larry Carter, USAF, Retired Professional Staff Marvin W. Bassett, Contributing Editor http://www.au.af.mil Philip S. Adkins, Contributing Editor Mary J. Moore, Editorial Assistant Debbie Banker, Editorial Assistant Steven C. Garst, Director of Art and Production Daniel M. Armstrong, Illustrator L. Susan Fair, Illustrator Ann Bailey, Prepress Production Manager Air and Space Power Chronicles Luetwinder T. Eaves, Managing Editor http://www.cadre.maxwell.af.mil The Air and Space Power Journal, published quarterly, is the professional flagship publication of the United States Air Force. It is designed to serve as an open forum for the presentation and stimulation of innova­ tive thinking on military doctrine, strategy, tactics, force structure, readiness, and other matters of na­ tional defense. The views and opinions expressed or implied in the Journal are those of the authors and should not be construed as carrying the official sanc­ tion of the Department of Defense, Air Force, Air Education and Training Command, Air University, or other agencies or departments of the US government. Articles in this edition may be reproduced in whole or Visit Air and Space Power Journal online in part without permission. If they are reproduced, at http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil the Air and Space Power Journal requests a courtesy line. or e-mail to [email protected] Image of Jaguar aircraft on back cover reproduced by permission, Crown Copyright. Winter 2004 Volume XVIII, No. 4 AFRP 10-1 Senior Leader Perspective Past Trends and Future Plans . 6 Lt Gen Duncan J. McNabb, USAF Dr. Christopher J. Bowie Features The Tale of the C/JFACC: A Long and Winding Road . 18 Dr. Stephen O. Fought Aspects of Anglo-US Co-operation in the Air in the First World War . 27 Sebastian Cox Air Lines: Anglo-American Tactical Air Operations in World War II . 34 Dr. Thomas Alexander Hughes Anglo-American Strategic Air Power Co-operation in the Cold War and Beyond . 50 Group Capt Christopher Finn, RAF Lt Col Paul D. Berg, USAF British Commonwealth Carrier Operations in the Korean War . 62 Cdr David Hobbs, MBE, RN Post–Cold War Development of United Kingdom Joint Air Command and Control Capability . 74 Wing Cdr Redvers T. N. Thompson, RAF Operation Iraqi Freedom: Coalition Operations . 87 Squadron Leader Sophy Gardner, RAF Dynamic Followership: The Prerequisite for Effective Leadership . 102 Lt Col Sharon M. Latour, USAF Lt Col Vicki J. Rast, USAF Departments Prelaunch Notes Introducing the Arabic ASPJ . 10 Flight Lines British-American Cooperation in Airpower and Space Power . 11 Ricochets and Replies . 12 Vortices The Current Battle Damage Assessment Paradigm Is Obsolete . 13 Lt Col Hugh Curry, USAF PIREP The British American Forces Dining Club . 46 Col Larry G. Carter, USAF, Retired Doctrine NOTAMs Joint Publication 3-16, Joint Doctrine for Multinational Operations “If You Work with Friends, Bring It Along!” . 72 Lt Col Malcolm D. Grimes, USAF Maj Donald R. Ferguson, USAF New USAF Doctrine Publication: AFDD 2-2.1, Counterspace Operations . 100 Lt Col Paula B. Flavell, USAF Net Assessment Strategic Air Power in Desert Storm . 111 John Andreas Olsen Reviewer: Group Capt Chris Finn, RAF Tedder: Quietly in Command . 112 Vincent Orange Reviewer: Sebastian Ritchie Surprise, Security, and the American Experience . 113 John Lewis Gaddis Reviewer: Col Richard Szafranski, USAF, Retired The Iraq War: A Military History . 114 Williamson Murray and Maj Gen Robert H. Scales Jr. Reviewer: Col (sel) Merrick E. Krause, USAF Airpower Advantage: Planning the Gulf War Air Campaign, 1989–1991 . 116 Diane T. Putney Reviewer: Maj Gen David A. Deptula, USAF The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States . 117 Reviewer: Col (sel) Merrick E. Krause, USAF C3: Nuclear Command, Control Cooperation . 119 Valery E. Yarynich Reviewer: Capt Gilles Van Nederveen, USAF, Retired The Road to Rainbow: Army Planning for Global War, 1934–1940 . 120 Henry G. Gole Reviewer: Dr. David R. Mets Fixing Intelligence: For a More Secure America . 121 Lt Gen William E. Odom, USA, Retired Reviewer: Maj Gary Pounder, USAF, Retired Mission Debrief . 125 Air and Space Power Journal Board of Reviewers Prof. Tami Davis Biddle Lt Col Merrick E. Krause US Army War College Special Assistant to the Chairman Lt Col Price T. Bingham, USAF, Retired Joint Chiefs of Staff Melbourne, Florida Dr. Charles Krupnick Dr. Kendall K. Brown US Army War College NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Dr. Benjamin S. Lambeth RAND Brig Gen Phillip D. Caine, USAF, Retired Monument, Colorado Lt Col David MacIsaac, USAF, Retired Montgomery, Alabama Dr. Clayton K. S. Chun US Army War College Dr. Karl P. Magyar Montgomery, Alabama Dr. Mark Clodfelter National War College Col Edward Mann, USAF, Retired Colorado Springs, Colorado Dr. James Corum USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Dr. Jerome V. Martin Command Historian Dr. Conrad Crane Headquarters US Strategic Command Director, US Army Military Studies Institute Col Phillip Meilinger, USAF, Retired Dr. Dik A. Daso Northrop Grumman Corporation National Air and Space Museum Smithsonian Institution Prof. John H. Morrow Jr. University of Georgia Dr. William L. Dowdy Dr. Daniel Mortensen Alabama State University USAF College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research Col Dennis M. Drew, USAF, Retired and Education USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Prof. James Mowbray Brig Gen Charles Dunlap Jr., USAF USAF Air War College Staff Judge Advocate Dr. Karl Mueller USAF Air Combat Command RAND Dr. Stephen Fought Dr. Richard R. Muller USAF Air War College USAF Air Command and Staff College Col David M. Glantz, USA, Retired Col Robert Owen, USAF, Retired Journal of Slavic Military Studies Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Col Thomas E. Griffith Jr., USAF Dr. Reina J. Pennington USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Norwich University Dr. John F. Guilmartin Jr. Lt Col Thomas R. Searle Ohio State University Headquarters US Special Operations Command Dr. Grant T. Hammond Dr. James Smith Center for Strategy and Technology USAF Institute for National Security Studies Air University Col James Spencer, USAF, Retired Prof. Daniel Hughes USAF Academy USAF Air War College Col Richard Szafranski, USAF, Retired Dr. Thomas Hughes Toffler Associates USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Dr. James Titus Col Mark P. Jelonek, USAF USAF Academy Commander, 614th Space Operations Group Director of Operations, Fourteenth Air Force Col Mark Wells, USAF USAF Academy Dr. Tom Keaney School of Advanced International Studies Dr. Kenneth P. Werrell Johns Hopkins University Christiansburg, Virginia Prof. Theodore Kluz Dr. Harold R. Winton USAF Air War College USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies 3 Foreword Last year the RAF and the US Air Force were once again side by side over the skies of Iraq. During 21 days of combat, we demonstrated the power of organized and integrated air and space forces in joint and coalition warfare. We did not do it alone, but we contributed more than our fair share to enable the rapid success of ground forces. At the same time, we were able to join with our special operations forces—air and land—to keep activity in western Iraq from interfering with the main effort. In close coordination with ground forces, air- power prevented enemy attempts to mount coordinated or coherent resistance. These efforts on the part of coalition Airmen were largely outside the media spotlight and beyond public recognition. But make no mistake; our Airmen were key to the swift and overwhelming military victory. What made it work, and what must we do to get better? We can point to three major leveraging capabilities. First, we must make integration work. Integration is more than being “net-centric” or a “common operat­ ing picture” or “information sharing.” It’s about the ability of machines to direct the Gen John P. Jumper activities of other machines to produce Chief of Staff rapid target location and identification. We United States Air Force are far from having this right, but we did make tremendous progress during the dust storm in Operation Iraqi Freedom, where traditional stand-alone platforms—manned, unmanned, and space—were lashed to­ gether in a real-time network that located and destroyed Iraqi forces moving to rein­ force depleted Republican Guard divisions. Second is our growing ability to predict and persist. We are at the infant stages of prediction, but better tools will produce 4 the “battlefield forensics” for us to analyze patterns and draw logical conclusions about enemy options. Persistence is a tremendous leveraging capability. The evolution of re­ motely piloted and unmanned vehicles will give us 24-hour persistence to stare at an area and study patterns of activity, as well as deliver precise target location and identifi­ cation to manned aircraft. Our third com­ petitive advantage is our people and our training. Fifty years of NATO interoper­ ability and bilateral advanced training have allowed us to minimize the nagging barri­ ers to communications, terminology, and basic airmanship. Fourteen years of contin­ gency operations have kept our skills fresh, our tactics current, and our mutual respect strong. Bonds between the Royal Air Force and the United States Air Force have never been stronger. Especially in the past 14 years, we have shared the skies during all major con­ tingency operations.
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