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Muhammad Luqman M.Sc

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Muhammad Luqman M.Sc RURAL DEVELOPMENT VISION AND PRACTICES OF CULTURALLY ROOTED SOCIAL MOVEMENT ORGANIZATIONS IN NORTH-WEST PAKISTAN: IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRI. EXTENSION By Muhammad Luqman M.Sc. (Hons.) Agricultural Extension Reg. No. 97-ag-1165 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agricultural Extension Institute of Agri. Extension & Rural Development Faculty of Social Sciences University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Pakistan 2014 i Declaration I hereby declare that the contents of the thesis entitled “Rural development vision and practices of culturally rooted Social Movement Organizations in North-West Pakistan: Implications for Agri. Extension” are product of my own research and no part has been copied from any published source (except the references, standard mathematical or genetic models/equations/formulas/protocols etc.). I further declared that this work has not been submitted for award of any other diploma/degree. The University may take action if the information provided is found inaccurate at any stage. (In case of any default, the scholar will be proceeded against as per HEC plagiarism policy). MUHAMMAD LUQMAN ii The Controller of Examinations, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad We, the supervisory committee, certify that the contents and the form of thesis submitted by Muhammad Luqman, Regd. No. 97-ag-1165 have been found satisfactory. The suggestions by external examiners have been incorporated, checked and found satisfactory. It is submitted with the recommendations for further necessary action and final award of the Ph.D. Degree. SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: CHAIRMAN: ________________________ Dr. Babar Shahbaz MEMBER: ________________________ Prof. Dr. Tanvir Ali MEMBER: ________________________ Prof. Dr. M. Tahir Siddiqui iii DEDICATED TO MY LOVING FATHER (LATE) AND SWEET MOTHER WHOSE INSPIRATIONS ENLIGHTENED MY LIFE iv Acknowledgements First of all I bow myself before the Almighty Allah, who raised me in Muslims and also bestowed and blessed me with such a lucid intelligence because of which I could endeavor towards this dissertation. Countless salutations be upon the Holy Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H), the minaret of knowledge. It is quite delectable to avail of this most propitious opportunity to aciculate with utmost gratification, my profound and intense sense of indebtedness to my supervisor in Ph.D. degree, Dr. Babar Shahbaz, Assistant Professor, Institute of Agri. Ext. & RD, UAF. He has a puissant command on the subject and tremendous proclivity towards Agri. Ext. and Rural Development. He generously shared his wealth of theoretical insights, methodological and practical advice towards rural development. I never forget his affectionate supervision and invaluable guidance which he contributed to complete my course and research work in a multiple ways. It is a matter of great pleasure and honour for me to express my gratitude to the members of my Supervisory Committee Prof. Dr. Tanvir Ali, Director, Institute of Agri. Ext. & RD, UAF and Prof. Dr. M. Tahir Siddiqui, Chairman Department of Forestry and Range Management, UAF for their edifying proposals and valuable guidance that lucidly eased my way to success. I am only able to complete my degree under their kind and scholastic guidance, keen interest and consistent encouragement. I am highly grateful to their ever inspiring guidance, keen interest, scholarly comments and constructive suggestions. I am also thankful to all my teachers in the Institute of Agri. Ext. & RD, who helped and guided me during the entire course of my studies. It’s my pleasure to mention here the financial and technical support of National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR) – North-South and Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Islamabad, as the whole dissertation was completed under the theme of NCCR RP-1 research project “Contested Rural Development”. The words of appreciation will never be complete if I don’t mention the endless efforts, technical and intellectual guidance of Dr. Urs Guiser (Development Study Group, University of Zurich, Switzerland). Words are lacking to express thanks to my reverend parents. Success until the present stage is a result of their efforts, prayers, inspiring sentiments, regardless help and financial support during my educational programme. I am highly grateful to my beloved wife who struggled a lot for my success in my doctoral studies. Her patience and ever encouraging bahaviour during the whole period of my doctoral studies and stay at Faisalabad enabled me to complete my degree in a successful manner. Moreover, the love and presence of my cute daughters Urva Zainab and Khadija Zainab in my life has been a constant inspiration and stimulus, pushing me on towards completion through the long, sleepless nights as I tried to achieve the virtually impossible: to combine study and family life. Bundle of thanks I owe my brothers and sisters especially my friends for their strenuous efforts and encouraging attitude. Muhammad Luqman v TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter # Title Page # 1 Introduction 1 2 Review of Literature 16 3 Materials and Methods 53 4 Results and Discussions 67 5 Summary, conclusions and recommendations 189 Literature Cited 203 Appendix - I 242 Appendix - II 250 vi LIST OF TABLES S. No. Title Page # 2.1 Statistics of different rural development indicators in four Provinces of 23 Pakistan 4.1 Distribution of the respondents according to their opinion about operational 68 area of organizations 4.2 Mean and SD of different levels of working of organizations 69 4.3 Mean and SD of different sources of funding of organizations 70 4.4 Percentage distribution of the respondents according to their opinion about 72 status of working of organizations 4.5 Distribution of the respondents according to their opinion about status of staff 73 of organizations 4.6 Claims of SMOs related to rural development 79 4.7 Respective working strategies of SMOs 85 4.8 Mean and SD of organizations regarding their educational practices 88 4.9 Mean and SD of organizations regarding their rural development practices 90 related to human health 4.10 Mean and SD of organizations regarding their rural development practices 92 related to agriculture 4.11 Mean and SD of organizations regarding their other rural development 93 practices 4.12 Mean and SD of reasons of rural poverty 97 4.13 Mean and SD of material impacts of rural poverty 100 4.14 Mean and SD of non-material impacts of rural poverty 101 4.15 Respondent‘s perception about rural poverty alleviation for rural development 103 4.16 Mean and SD of educational rural development activities of SMOs regarding 105 their effectiveness 4.17 Mean and SD of health related rural development practices of SMOs regarding 106 their effectiveness 4.18 Mean and SD of agriculture related rural development practices of SMOs 107 regarding their effectiveness 4.19 Mean and SD of other rural development practices of SMOs regarding their 108 effectiveness 4.20 Mean and SD of respective SMOs regarding their interaction with allied 109 departments and organizations 4.21 Distribution of the respondents according to their age 114 4.22 Distribution of the respondents according to their caste/khel 115 4.23 Distribution of the respondents according to their educational status 116 4.24 Distribution of the respondents according to their land holding status 117 4.25 Household‘s size of land holding 118 4.26 Distribution of the respondents according to their family type 120 4.27 Distribution of the respondents according to their main occupation 121 4.28 Distribution of the respondents according to their sources of cash household‘s 122 income vii 4.29 Distribution of respondents according to their opinion about the working of 125 social organizations and local groups in the village regarding rural development 4.30 Mean, SD and F-Test value regarding intensity of participation of respondents 126 in rural development related activities of social organizations and local groups in their respective villages 4.31 t-test between respondent‘s intensity of participation in social organizations 126 and local groups 4.32 Mean and SD of rural development activities of respective social organizations 129 in the study area 4.33 Percentage distribution of the respondents according to their opinion about the 133 quality of health services provided by state and SMOs 4.34 Mean and SD of different health related facilities being launched by respective 134 SMOs in their respective villages 4.35 Mean and SD regarding satisfaction of respondents about performance of 135 SMOs regarding different health related activities 4.36 Mean, SD and t-test regarding satisfaction of respondents about performance 137 of Government health departments and SMOs about different health related activities 4.37 Percentage distribution of respondents according to their opinion about 141 responsibility to run educational institution in the area 4.38 Mean of different educational related facilities being launched by different 146 organizations 4.39 Mean and SD regarding satisfaction of respondents about performance of 147 SMOs regarding their educational activities 4.40 Mean, SD and t-test regarding satisfaction of respondents about performance 148 of Government and SMOs about different educational activities 4.41 Percentage distribution of the respondents regarding Satisfaction of 150 educational services provided by Government on the basis of recent use 4.42 Percentage distribution of the respondents according to their opinion with 152
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