Mycena in Finland
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Studies 1n the genus Mycena in Finland V. Hintikka 1. Introduction. The genus Mycena has in 2. Material and methods. The material recent times been the subject of comprehen which forms the basis of this study consists sive monographs by R o b e r t K i.i h n e r mainly of my collections, of which about ( 1938) in Central Europe and by A 1 e x a n 600 are obtained from the vicinity of Korso der H. Smith (1947)inNorthAmerica. (24 km north of Helsinki) during the years - Largely due to these works, this genus must 19.54-62 and about 200 from other parts be regarded as one of the best-known genera of Finland. This material has been studied of agarics. In Finland, after the basic investi both in fresh and dried condition. In general, gations of P. A. Karsten, the need for I have followed the field and laboratory up-to-date revisions has become more and methods described by S m i t h (194 7). more apparent. The colour terms are according to ~1 a e r t z Karsten reported about 60 species of & P a u 1 ( 1950). In addition, I have studied M.J'cena from Finland. After him, many new the specimens preserved in the herbariums of species have been found (The s 1 e ff 1920, the University of Helsinki and a part of Laurila 1939, Eklund 1943, Frey those of University of Turku, including P. A. 1944, S t e n I i d 194 7, T u o m i k o s k i K a r s t e n ' s collections, for which I am 1953, M a I m s t r 6 m 1960, S c h u 1- indebted to Custos, Dr. He i k k i R o i m ann 1961), totalling about 100 different vai n en and to the Assistant Prof., Dr. names (see also R aut a v a a r a 1947). P a avo K a 11 i o . Unfortunately, a con However, a few of these are synonyms and siderable part of these collections could not some used by older authors are based on be identified chiefly in lack of macroscopi macroscopical description only and probably cal descriptions, and are not mentioned here. have new names derived from the anatomy 3. Some ecological considerations. In summer of the basidiocarp. and early fall, before the regular mushroom MYCENA JUNE J u L y AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER STROBILICOLA GALERICULATALUTEO-ALCALINA I ~~- 1 GAL OPUS Ill II~~· I II LAEVIGATA d~, ~ ~~~.~..~r SANGUINO LE NT A I RORIDA ~I I I I I FIBULA ~~~~~-· AMICTA LONGISETA I~ I I ~ I SWARTZ II II PURA FLAVOALBA I I, I I II MEGASPORA ~ ~ 'I I I I CITRINOM A RGIN ATA CL AV ICULARIS '\·~ METATA EPIPTERYGIA { ~~ .;..... • .. J, .... I:,·\ I STYLOBATES MACULATA I k I I 1111 ~. I I I I URANIA ~I II, I AURANTIOMARGIN ATA VULGARIS - 1111 I ! I 1...... l11 ADONIS ~ HAEMATOPUS 'I ISCOSA ~1 I " ~ CINERELLA 1 ROSELLA _ __L _~ _! ~~ 1:~ r• PTERIGENA ---- - - - - -'---- ---- - ------ Fig. I . Seasonal occurrence of some Mycena-species in the neighbourhood ofKorso during the years 1954-60. 77 season in late August and in September, the Explanation of abbreviations : H: Botanical Mu genus lv[ycena forms a very prominent part of seum of the University, Helsinki, 0. v. S. : 0 . v. the mushroom crop in regard to the number S c h u I m a n n, P .A.K. : P e t t e r A u gus t K a r s t e n, R. T. : R i s t o T u o m i k o s k i, of basidiocarps present. 1\fiost species appear T u r: Botanical Museum of the University of before or during August (Fig. 1). It should Turku, V . H .: the author, VV. N.: W o I mar be noted that only a few species occur in Nyberg. spring. According to Smith (l.c.) many A1ycena Abramsii Murrill Finnish fall species occur in North America also in the spring and a·re usually absent in Smith 1947, p 239. V. Bromarv, Framniis (V.H.) Pyhiijiirvi U.l., summer (e.g. Mycena longiseta ). This pheno logical difference seems to be due to the Vuotinainen (V.H.). - U. Tuusula, Ruotsinkylii higher summer temperature climate of Ame and Hyrylii; Helsinki parish, Korso; Sipoo, Myyras rica, since in the Alps, where the moisture (V.H.).- EH. Tammela (P.A.K., H .). - PS.Joroi nen, Keriniemi (V.H.). conditions are more favourable than in Ame rica and in Fennoscandia, the species appa Occur· gregarious to subcaespitose usually on rently follow the same pattern of appearance rotten twigs buried in soil in moist woods (often as in Finland. under alder) in June- September. In North America this species grows in hardwoods particularly in spring In general most species have very definite (Smith I.e:) . •li;f. Abramsii, which has not earlier habitat requirements, which are given in the been reported from Finland is recognizable by its species list below; the biotope classification narrow spores, somewhat sulcate cap and by its is based on Finnish forest site types. In many relatively large size. Pleurocystidia were present in cases they can be used as additional field cha all collections. racteristics, e.g. of the gray slimy species Mycena acicula (Schaeff. ex Fr.) Kummer. M. clauicularis occurs in dry pine forests in contrast to M . vulgaris, which grows usually Kuhner 1938, p . 602, Smith 1947, p. 119. in moist mossy spruce forests. Of the small U . Helsinki, Pasila, on rotten leaves in a herb- rich forest, 24.VII 1952, (R .T .,H ). species in group Filipedes, M . atroalboides is met with in most oligotrophic localities (dry Mycena adonis (Bull. ex Fr.) S.F. Gray lichen woods, Calluna and Vaccinium-type), Kuhner 1938,p.555, Smith 1947,p.l77. M. metata is common in coniferous moss U . Helsinki parish, Korso; Tuusula, Ruotsinkylii forests and M. iodiolens seems to be confined to (V.H.) ; Porvoo (W.N.).- EH. Tammela, Mustiala rich grass-herb forests on mull soil. The most (Karsten 1889, p. 83). - 6 collections. specialized lignicolous species seem to be lvf. Specimens studied fresh were found in mixed galericulata and M. niueipes, which grow almost forests of Myrtillus-type, in most cases on places rich exclusively on rotten wood of deciduous in litter. trees, M. inclinata, which grows only on logs and stumps of Quercus, and M. laevigata, Mycena alba (Bres.) Kuhner M . luteoalcalina and M . maculata, which are Kuhner 1938, p. 594. confined to rotten coniferous wood. U . Helsinki, on bark of a living deciduous tree, Although the material outside the area Dec. 19, 1960, leg. M. Korhonen. around Helsinki is based on trips of relatively short duration (1-2 weeks) during which ,li;fycena alcalina (Fr. ex Fr.) Kummer not all species in a locality can be expected Kuhner 1938, p. 464, Lange 1936, Pl. 51 H. to be found, it seems that there are no major U. Tuusula, Ruotsinkylii (V.H.); Hyvinkiiii differences in the Mycena-flora between the (R.T.,H). - EH. Tammela (P.A.K., H); Juu different parts of Finland. The only species pajoki (V.H.) collected exclusively in North Finland is Grows more or less fasciculate on stumps of conifers. M . algeriensis and, on the whole, the dominant M. alcalina has been regarded as a common species species there seem to be the same ones as in in Finland (Karsten 1889, Th e s 1 e ff 1920, southern Finland. The oak forests on the R aut a v a a r a 1947). However, a part of the southern coast of Finland have, however, statements refer to M . luteoalcalina, which is distinctly some characteristic species not recorded else more frequent than ~. alcalina. where in our country, e.g. M. inclinata and Bisporous form is met with several times in June M. erubescens. and July. 78 ,"', n slightly sulcate and shining, striate when moist. I\ I Disc at centre blackish, then fading to blackish ·'\ ) (I·' brown to dark brown gray, extreme margin slightly I J !'' ~7 ))Yi paler; no yellowish shade. Odor faintly »alcalic». ") r Lamellae whitish, moderate close, 20-26 reach I I ft,.l I c\ ! ~ i .I At f') I the stipe, 2-3 tiers of lamellulae, medium broad, \ I • I under hand- lens hairy from pleurocystidia. Stipe \ 1 \ : \ I fragile, blackish gray with a brownish cast, when young covered with abundant white fibrils. \ I \ // \ I \ Spores 10-11 X 5-7 flo, ·basidia 4-spored, cheilo I I ': J cystidia 60-75 flo long, cylindric, blunt-ended and '.j voluminous, pleurocystidia similar, abundant, 70- 90 flo long. The hyphae of the epicutis smooth, form ing 20-35 p. thick layer, hypodermis well deve loped, cells filled with gray pigment, the remainder consisting of closely interwoven hyphae. J KemL. Sodankyla village (V.H.). - InL. Inari, Ivalo, Toloskoski (V.H.). · Both collections were made on rotten wood (log i and stump) of birch. In light of the present material this species seems to be distinctly different from M. niveipes by having ( a hairy stipe, dark colors and obtuse pleurocystidia. As far as I know, M . algerienris has not been ' \ I \ / previously reported from Europe. It was described from Algeria by R e n e M a i r e, where it grows \ I; I on rotten wood of Quercus, Eucalyptus and Phillyrea. I \ I ; In North America it occours (Smit h I.e.) in \ Ll , Ontario and in the northern United States on elm and alder logs.